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[ "Infrared and ultraviolet are also greatly blocked .", "Infrared and ultraviolet are also largely blocked by the atmosphere ." ]
[ "After lobbying in the 1960s and 70s for such a system to be built , Spitzer 's vision ultimately materialized into the world 's first space-based optical telescope , the Hubble Space Telescope , which was launched on April 20 , 1990 by the Space Shuttle Discovery ( STS-31 ) .", "His efforts resulted in the world...
[ "For example , X-ray astronomy is nearly impossible when done from Earth , and has reached its current importance in astronomy only due to orbiting X-ray telescopes such as the Chandra observatory and the XMM-Newton observatory .", "For example , X-ray astronomy is nearly impossible when done from the Earth ." ]
[ "Jordan Galland is a filmmaker , and a musician .", "Jordan Galland is a singer-songwriter and an award winning movie-maker from New York City ." ]
[ "The Federal Ministry for Labor and Social Affairs ( BMAS ) is a top-level federal agency of the Federal Republic of Germany headed by the Federal Minister of Labor and Social Affairs as a member of the Cabinet of Germany ( Bundesregierung ) .", "The Federal Ministry of Work and Social Affairs ( BMAS ) is a minis...
[ "Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission , infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder , such as the right to reproduce , distribute , display or perform the protected work , or to make derivative works .", "Copyright infringement ( or copyr...
[ "Gustav was later captured by US troops and cut up , whilst Dora was destroyed near the end of the war in 1945 to avoid capture by the Red Army .", "Gustav was eventually captured by US troops and cut up , whilst Dora was destroyed near the end of the war to avoid capture by the Red Army ." ]
[ "Schwerer Gustav ( English : Heavy Gustaf , or Great Gustaf ) and Dora were the names of two German 80 cm K ( E ) railway guns .", "Schwerer Gustav ( English : Heavy Gustaf , or Great Gustaf ) and Dora were the names of two huge World War II German 80 cm K ( E ) railway siege guns ." ]
[ "The fully assembled guns weighed nearly 1,350 tonnes , and could fire shells weighing seven tonnes to a range of 47 kilometres ( 29 mi ) .", "The guns weighed nearly 1,350 tonnes , and could fire shells weighing seven tonnes to a range of 37 kilometers ( 23 mi ) ." ]
[ "The following targets were engaged : By the end of the siege on 4 July the city of Sevastopol lay in ruins , and 30,000 tons of artillery ammunition had been fired .", "By the end of the siege on 4 July the city of Sevastopol lay in ruins , and 30,000 tons of artillery ammunition had been fired ." ]
[ "It was the largest-calibre rifled weapon ever used in combat , the heaviest mobile artillery piece ever built in terms of overall weight , and fired the heaviest shells of any artillery piece .", "It fired the heaviest shells of any artillery piece ." ]
[ "It is only surpassed in calibre by the British Mallet 's Mortar and the American Little David mortar ( both 36 inch ; 914 mm ) .", "A few other huge guns were never fired in anger : the French Monster Mortar ( 36 French inches ; 975mm ) , the British Mallet 's Mortar ( 36 inch ; 914 mm ) and the American Little ...
[ "The present library building was opened in 1968 .", "The library building was opened in 1968 ." ]
[ "The Library also maintains the National Reserve Braille Collection .", "The Library keeps the National Reserve Braille Collection ." ]
[ "In 1901 a Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was established to serve the newly formed Federal Parliament of Australia .", "In 1901 , a Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was started to help the newly formed Federal Parliament of Australia ." ]
[ "The Library is a world leader in digital preservation techniques , and maintains an Internet-accessible archive of selected Australian websites called the Pandora Archive .", "It keeps an Internet archive of selected Australian websites , called the Pandora Archive ." ]
[ "The Library 's considerable collections of general overseas and rare book materials , as well as world-class Asian and Pacific collections which augment the Australiana collections .", "The Library also has big collections of general overseas and rare book materials , as well as world-class Asian and Pacific col...
[ "From its inception the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was driven to development of a truly national collection .", "From its beginning , the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library began to develop of a truly national collection ." ]
[ "The National Library of Australia is the largest reference library of Australia , responsible under the terms of the National Library Act for `` maintaining and developing a national collection of library material , including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the Australian p...
[ "The Library has particular collection strengths in the performing arts , including dance .", "The Library collects Australian materials of all kinds including : The Library has good collections in the performing arts , including dance ." ]
[ "The Library has digitized over 174,000 items from its collection ( the 100,000 th being http :\\ / \\ / nla.gov.au \\ / nla.pic-vn3409117 ) and , where possible , delivers these directly across the Internet .", "The Library has digitised over 130,000 items from its collection ." ]
[ "The Library 's collections of Australiana have developed into the nation 's single most important resource of materials recording the Australian cultural heritage .", "The Library 's collections of Australian objects has become the nation 's single most important collection of materials recording the Australian ...
[ "The National Library of Australia , while formally established by the passage of the National Library Act , 1960 , had been functioning as a National Library rather than strictly a Parliamentary Library , almost since its inception .", "The National Library of Australia , was officially set up with the National ...
[ "The next four books follow on from Sharpe 's Siege , up to Sharpe 's Devil , set in 1820-21 .", "So far , the writer has written 21 books , from `` Sharpe 's Tiger '' to `` Sharpe 's Devil '' ." ]
[ "The UCI ProTour was a series of road bicycle races in Europe , Australia and Canada organised by the UCI ( International Cycling Union ) .", "The UCI ProTour is a series of bicycle road races organised by the world governing body the International Cycling Federation ( Union Cycliste Internationale - the UCI ) Th...
[ "It was initially the basis of a season long competition for rankings points , created for 2005 to replace the UCI Road World Cup series , which ended at the end of the 2004 season ( although the World Cup did not include any stage races ) .", "It started in 2005 and replaced the old world championship series whi...
[ "With an initial worldwide gross of over $ 1.84 billion , it was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark .", "It was also a commercial success with a total worldwide gross of $ 1.84 billion ." ]
[ "Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song .", "Horner waited until Cameron was in a happy mood ." ]
[ "Production on the film began in 1995 , when Cameron shot footage of the actual Titanic wreck .", "Cameron recorded footage of the real Titanic wreck ." ]
[ "Horner additionally wrote the song `` My Heart Will Go On '' in secret with Will Jennings because Cameron did not want any songs with singing in the film .", "He wrote the song in secrecy because Cameron did not want any songs with singing in the movie ." ]
[ "Titanic is a 1997 American epic romantic disaster film directed , written , co-produced , co-edited and partly financed by James Cameron .", "Titanic is a 1997 American epic romantic disaster movie ." ]
[ "A reconstruction of the Titanic built at Playas de Rosarito in Baja California , scale models , and computer-generated imagery were used to recreate the sinking .", "The reconstruction of the Titanic was created at Playas de Rosarito in Baja California ." ]
[ "Upon its release on December 19 , 1997 , the film achieved critical and commercial success .", "The movie was released on December 19 , 1997 ." ]
[ "The modern scenes were shot on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh , which Cameron had used as a base when filming the wreck .", "The movie scenes of the ship 's journey were taken on the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in July 1996 ." ]
[ "A 3D version of the film , released on April 4 , 2012 ( often billed as Titanic 3D ) to commemorate the centennial of the sinking , earned it an additional $ 343.6 million worldwide , pushing its worldwide total to $ 2.18 billion .", "It earned $ 343.6 million worldwide ." ]
[ "20th Century Fox and Paramount Pictures co-financed Titanic , with Paramount handling the North American distribution and Fox handling the international release .", "Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox helped with half of the funding for the movie ." ]
[ "Nominated for fourteen Academy Awards , it won eleven , including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director , tying Ben Hur ( 1959 ) for most Oscars won by a single film .", "The movie won 11 Academy Awards , and was nominated for fourteen other Academy Awards ." ]
[ "After playing it several times , Cameron declared his approval , although worried that he would have been criticized for `` going commercial at the end of the movie '' .", "However , Cameron feared that he might be criticized for `` going commercial at the end of the movie '' ." ]
[ "John McCain supported the war while Barack Obama opposed it .", "John McCain lost the election to Barack Obama ." ]
[ "Venus Ebony Starr Williams ( born June 17 , 1980 ) is an American professional tennis player who is a former World No. 1 and is ranked World No. 29 in singles as of March 1 , 2014 .", "Venus Ebony Starr Williams ( born July 17 , 1980 ) is an American professional tennis player who is a former World No. 1 and is ...
[ "She ended the year ranked World No. 22 .", "She was ranked World No. 24 as of October 22 , 2012 in singles ." ]
[ "Venus won the match and her fourth Grand Slam singles title .", "She is an Olympic gold medalist who has won 7 Grand Slam titles ." ]
[ "Thunderstorms result from the rapid upward movement of warm , moist air .", "Regular thunderstorms begin when warm air near the ground mix with moist air , which makes an updraft ( a wind that goes upward ) ." ]
[ "During this stage , considerable internal turbulence can occur in the storm system , which manifests as strong winds , severe lightning , and even tornadoes .", "Thunderstorms are small , intense weather systems that make strong winds , heavy rain , lightning , and thunder ." ]
[ "Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder ( OCPD ) , also called anankastic personality disorder , is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness , perfectionism , mental and interpersonal control and a need for power over one 's environment , at the expense of fle...
[ "Some , but not all , people with OCPD show an obsessive need for cleanliness .", "Some people with OCPD , but not all of them , have a strong need to be clean ." ]
[ "At its height , core actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became nationally known .", "At its height , the main actors such as Helen Wagner , Don MacLaughlin , Don Hastings , and Eileen Fulton became very well known in the United States ." ]
[ "Set in the fictional town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show debuted on April 2 , 1956 , at 1:30 pm EST. .", "Set in the made-up town of Oakdale , Illinois , the show first went on TV on Monday , April 2 , 1956 at 1:30 pm EST. ." ]
[ "In the year-to-date ratings , As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million viewers tuning in each day .", "As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978 , with ten million people watching each day ." ]
[ "At first , viewers did not respond to the new half-hour serial , but ratings picked up in its second year , eventually reaching the top spot in the daytime Nielsen ratings by fall 1958 .", "At first , viewers were not excited about it , but ratings picked up in its second year , and reached the top spot in the d...
[ "On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that it canceled As the World Turns because of low ratings .", "On December 8 , 2009 , CBS announced that ' `` As the World Turns would air its last episode in September 2010 ." ]
[ "As the World Turns was produced in New York City for all of its time ( its first 43 years in Manhattan and in Brooklyn from 2000 until 2010 ) .", "As the World Turns is well known for having been taped in New York City for all of its 52 years on television ( 43 years in Manhattan and nine years in Brooklyn ) ." ...
[ "The show passed its 10,000 th episode on May 12 , 1995 , and celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 2 , 2006 .", "The show aired its 13,000 th episode April 23 , 2007 ; the 10,000 th episode aired on May 12 1995 ." ]
[ "As the World Turns ( often referred to as ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that aired on CBS from April 2 , 1956 to September 17 , 2010 .", "As the World Turns ( ATWT ) is an American television soap opera that airs each weekday on CBS ." ]
[ "The show switched to color on August 21 , 1967 , and expanded from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 , 1975 when The Edge of Night moved to ABC .", "The show went from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1 1975 ." ]
[ "Marie François Sadi Carnot ( French pronunciation : ( maʁi fʁɑ̃swa sadi kaʁno ) ; 11 August 1837 - 25 June 1894 ) was a French statesman and the fourth president of the Third French Republic .", "Marie François Sadi Carnot ( French pronunciation : ( maʁi fʁɑ̃swa sadi kaʁno ) ; 11 August 1837 - 25 June 1894 ) was...
[ "The stabbing aroused widespread horror and grief , and the president was honored with an elaborate funeral ceremony in the Panthéon on July 1 , 1894 .", "The stabbing aroused widespread horror and grief , and the president was honored with an elaborate funeral ceremony in the Panthéon ." ]
[ "He assumed office at a critical period , when the republic was all but openly attacked by General Boulanger .", "He assumed office at a critical period , when the republic was all but openly attacked by ." ]
[ "Carnot was reaching the zenith of popularity , when , on 24 June 1894 , after delivering at a public banquet at Lyon a speech in which he appeared to imply that he nevertheless would not seek re-election , he was stabbed by an Italian anarchist named Sante Geronimo Caserio .", "Afterwards he was stabbed by an It...
[ "Australian cicadas are found on tropical islands and cold coastal beaches around Tasmania ; in tropical wetlands ; high and low deserts ; alpine areas of New South Wales and Victoria ; large cities like Sydney , Melbourne , and Brisbane ; and Tasmanian highlands and snowfields .", "In Australia , cicadas are fou...
[ "There are some 200 species in 38 genera in Australia , about 450 in Africa , about 100 in the Palaearctic , and only one species in England , the New Forest cicada , Melampsalta montana , widely distributed throughout Europe .", "There are some 200 species in 38 genera in Australia , about 450 in Africa , about ...
[ "There are two extant species of Tettigarctidae , one in southern Australia , and the other in Tasmania .", "There are two living species of Tettigarctidae , one in southern Australia , and the other in Tasmania ." ]
[ "These periodical cicadas have an extremely long life cycle of 13 or 17 years and emerge in large numbers .", "These periodical cicadas have an extremely long life cycle of 13 to 17 years and then emerge in large numbers ." ]
[ "Many New Zealand cicada species differ from those of other countries by being found high up on mountain tops .", "Many New Zealand cicada species differ from those of other countries by living high up on mountain tops ." ]
[ "Cicadas are often colloquially called locusts , although they are unrelated to true locusts , which are various species of swarming grasshopper .", "Cicadas are often colloquially called locusts , although they are unrelated to true locusts , which are a kind of grasshopper ." ]
[ "Cicadas are arranged into two families : Tettigarctidae ( q.v. ) and Cicadidae .", "Cicadas are arranged into two families : Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae ." ]
[ "Cicadas live in temperate-to-tropical climates where they are among the most-widely recognized of all insects , mainly due to their large size and unique sound .", "Cicadas live in temperate to tropical climates where their large size and unique sound makes them well known ." ]
[ "The largest cicadas are in the genera Megapomponia , Pomponia and Tacua .", "The largest cicadas are in the genera Pomponia and Tacua ." ]
[ "In their teens they participated in a number of amateur bands ; however , it was not until 1986 when Marcus was invited to Mike 's band that Boards of Canada was born .", "In their teens they went in a number of amateur bands ; however , it was not until 1986 when Marcus was invited to Mike 's band that Boards o...
[ "They experimented with recording techniques at around the age of 10 , using tape machines to layer cut-up samples of found sounds over compositions of their own .", "They experimented with recording uses at around the age of 10 , using tape machines to layer cut-up samples of found sounds over compositions of th...
[ "Boards of Canada ( commonly abbreviated BoC ) are a Scottish electronic music duo consisting of brothers Michael Sandison ( born 1 June 1970 ) and Marcus Eoin ( born Marcus Eoin Sandison , 21 July 1971 ) .", "Boards of Canada ( commonly abbreviated BoC ) are a Scottish electronic music duo of two brothers Mike S...
[ "They have also recorded at least four tracks under the alias of Hell Interface .", "They have also recorded four tracks under the alias Hell Interface ." ]
[ "They have released several works on Warp Records with little advertising and few interviews , while also having an elusive and obscure back-catalogue of releases on their self-run Music70 label .", "They are signed with Warp Records and have released several works on that label with little advertising and few in...
[ "Growing up in a musical family , brothers Mike Sandison and Marcus Eoin began playing instruments at a young age .", "Growing up in a musical family , brothers Mike and Marcus Eoin began playing instruments at a young age ." ]
[ "By 1989 , the band had been reduced to Sandison and Eoin .", "By 1989 , the band had gone down just to Sandison and Eoin ." ]
[ "It decays almost exclusively to a W boson and a bottom quark , but it can decay also into a strange quark , and on the rarest of occasions , into a down quark .", "Almost all of the time , top quarks will decay into a bottom quark and a W boson , although it can sometimes decay into a strange quark ." ]
[ "Like all quarks , the top quark is an elementary fermion with spin-1 ⁄ 2 , and experiences all four fundamental interactions : gravitation , electromagnetism , weak interactions , and strong interactions .", "Top quarks interact with all four of the fundamental forces , which are gravity , electromagnetism , str...
[ "The top quark , also known as the t quark ( symbol : t ) or truth quark , is an elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter .", "Top quarks or truth quarks are the heaviest known elementary particles ( particles that are so small that they can not be divided ) ." ]
[ "He has won about 30 tournaments in his professional career , including tournaments at Wijk aan Zee ( 1992 ) and first places in Biel ( 1993 ) , Dos Hermanas ( 1994 ) , Belgrade ( 1995 ) , Tilburg ( 1996 ) , Malmö ( 1999 ) , and Pamplona ( 2004 ) .", "He has won about 30 tournaments in his career , including tour...
[ "He had numerous strong results in the knockout tournaments for the FIDE World Chess Championships 1998-2004 , with his best result being a semi-finalist in 1997 .", "He had numerous strong results in the knockout tournaments for the FIDE Championships 1998-2004 , with his best result being a semi-finalist in 199...
[ "After drawing the first five games , Gelfand won the sixth and final game on the white side of a Grünfeld Defense to win the match and the tournament 3 1\\/2 -2 1\\/2 .", "After drawing the first five games , Gelfand won the sixth and final game on the white side of a Grünfeld defense to win the match 3.5-2 .5 ....
[ "Gelfand has qualified several times for Candidates Tournaments for the World Chess Championship .", "Gelfand has several times qualified for Candidates tournaments for the World Chess Championship ." ]
[ "The next year he earned the GM title .", "He earned the GM title the following year ." ]
[ "After splitting the first four games 2-2 , Kamsky won game three in the rapid playoff to go ahead 2-1 , forcing Gelfand to win with black in the final rapid game in order to avoid elimination .", "Kamsky won game three in the playoff to go ahead 2-1 ." ]
[ "In 1988 he tied for first in the World Junior Championship , the title , however , going to Joël Lautier .", "In 1988 he tied for first in the World Junior Championship , the title going to Joel Lautier ." ]
[ "As winner of the Candidates Tournament , Gelfand faced Anand for the 2012 World Championship .", "As winner of the Candidates series , Gelfand face Anand for the 2012 World Championship ." ]
[ "By winning the Chess World Cup 2009 , Gelfand qualified for the World Chess Championship 2012 Candidates Tournament .", "Gelfand won the Chess World Cup 2009 , and was automatically seeded into the Candidates tournament for the World Chess Championship 2012 ." ]
[ "Boris Abramovich Gelfand ( Belarusian : Барыс Абрамавіч Гельфанд ; Hebrew : בוריס אברמוביץ ' גלפנד ; born 24 June 1968 ) is an Israeli chess Grandmaster .", "Boris Abramovich Gelfand ( born 24 June 1968 in Minsk ) is a Belarusian-Israeli chess grandmaster ." ]
[ "In 1998 , Gelfand immigrated to Israel and settled in Rishon LeZion , where he became Israel 's top ranking chess player .", "In 1998 , Gelfand emigrated to Israel , where he is Israel 's top ranking chess player ." ]
[ "Although the match was level at 6-6 , Gelfand lost in the rapid tie break games .", "In this match Gelfand tied 6-6 , but he lost the four-game rapid play tie-breaker ." ]
[ "He won the 2011 Candidates Tournament and faced World Champion Viswanathan Anand for the World Chess Championship 2012 .", "The tournament and the world championship was won by Viswanathan Anand ." ]
[ "Gelfand was not one of the favorites for the World Chess Championship 2007 , but he surprised most observers by finishing joint second with reigning World Champion Vladimir Kramnik ( third after tie breaks ) ; the World Championship was won by Viswanathan Anand .", "He qualified for the tournament for the World ...
[ "In the quarterfinals , he won a complex struggle on the black side of the Najdorf Defense in game three to defeat Shakhriyar Mamedyarov 2 1\\/2 -1 1\\/2 and advance to the semifinals , where he faced American Gata Kamsky .", "In the semifinals he faced American Gata Kamsky ." ]
[ "The Lake District , also commonly known as The Lakes or ( particularly as an adjective ) Lakeland , is a mountainous region in North West England .", "The Lake District , also known as The Lakes or Lakeland , is a rural area in north west England ." ]
[ "A popular holiday destination , it is famous not only for its lakes , forests and mountains ( or fells ) , but also for its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and the other Lake Poets .", "It is a popular vacation area , famous for its lakes and its mountains and i...
[ "The Lake District is one of the most highly populated national parks .", "Lake District National Park ( created in 1951 ) is one of the fifteen National parks in the United Kingdom ." ]
[ "His theories dominated and influenced Western medical science for more than 1,300 years .", "His theories influenced Western medical science for over a thousand years ." ]
[ "The opera tells how Leonore , disguised as a prison guard named `` Fidelio '' , rescues her husband Florestan from death in a political prison .", "The opera tells how Leonore , disguised as a prison guard called `` Fidelio '' , rescues her husband Florestan from death in a political prison ." ]
[ "Further performances were prevented by a dispute between Beethoven and the theater management .", "But arguments between Beethoven and the theater management meant there were no more performances ." ]
[ "Rocco and Leonore come to dig his grave and find him asleep .", "Rocco tells Leonore that he must help him dig the grave ." ]