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[ "A piano usually has a protective wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings , and a row of black and white keys ( 52 white keys and 36 black keys ) .", "A piano has a keyboard with white keys and black keys ." ]
[ "SEM is usually estimated by the sample estimate of the population standard deviation ( sample standard deviation ) divided by the square root of the sample size ( assuming statistical independence of the values in the sample ) : where s is the sample standard deviation ( i.e. , the sample-based estimate of the sta...
[ "The term may also be used to refer to an estimate of that standard deviation , derived from a particular sample used to compute the estimate .", "The term may also be used for an estimate ( good guess ) of that standard deviation taken from a sample of the whole group ." ]
[ "In other words , it is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample statistic .", "The standard deviation for all the sample averages is the standard error of the mean ." ]
[ "The standard error of the mean ( i.e. , of using the sample mean as a method of estimating the population mean ) is the standard deviation of those sample means over all possible samples ( of a given size ) drawn from the population .", "Standard error of the mean is usually estimated by the standard deviation f...
[ "However , some natural behaviors , such as activities resulting in orgasm , love , or triumph of an athlete can induce brief states of euphoria .", "However , some natural human behaviors can cause brief states of euphoria ." ]
[ "The 2009-10 Chicago Blackhawks season is the club 's 84th season in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .", "The 2009-10 Chicago Blackhawks season was the team 's 83rd season in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) ." ]
[ "The season began on October 2 , 2009 ; with a pair of games against the Florida Panthers in Helsinki , Finland ; and ended on June 9 , 2010 ; when the Blackhawks defeated the Philadelphia Flyers , 4 games to 2 , in the 2010 Stanley Cup Final , giving the organization its first NHL championship since 1961 and fourt...
[ "Most Pectinidae have radial ribs and concentric ridges , although a few are smooth .", "Most Pectinidae have radial ribs and concentric ridges ." ]
[ "Survivors evolved rapidly during the Tertiary period .", "The survivors evolved rapidly during the Tertiary period ." ]
[ "Most adult specimens are either byssally attached or cemented to a substrate , while others are free swimmers .", "Adult specimens are either byssally attached or cemented to a substrate ." ]
[ "More than 30 genera and around 350 species are in the family Pectinidae .", "There are more than 30 genera and around 350 species in the Family Pectinidae ." ]
[ "Nearly 7,000 species and subspecies names have been introduced for both fossil and recent Pectinidae .", "There are nearly 7,000 species and subspecies for the fossil and recent Pectinidae ." ]
[ "The ctenolium , a key shell feature , separates the Pectinidae from all other families .", "The ctenolium is an important feature that separates Pectinidae from all other families ." ]
[ "They are hermaphrodites , and the male gonads mature first .", "The male gonads mature first ." ]
[ "Pectinidae inhabit all the oceans of the world , with the largest number of species living in the Indo-Pacific region .", "Pectinidae live in all the oceans of the world ." ]
[ "The Pectinidae ( from the Latin pecten meaning comb ) , common name scallops , are a family of saltwater bivalve mollusks .", "The Pectinidae ( from Latin pecten , meaning ` comb ' ) are a family of bivalve molluscs ." ]
[ "They mention over 50 genera and around 250 species and subspecies .", "They list more than 50 genera and around 250 species and subspecies ." ]
[ "Most species live in relatively shallow waters from the low tide line to 100 meters , while others prefer much deeper water .", "This is about from the low tide line to 100 meters deep ." ]
[ "Pectinidae can be found living within , upon , or under either rocks , coral , rubble , sea grass , kelp , sand , or mud .", "Pectinidae can live in , on or under rocks , coral , rubble , sea grass , kelp , sand or mud ." ]
[ "Raines and Poppe list nearly 900 species names , but most of these are considered either questionable or invalid .", "Raines & Poppe ( 2006 ) list nearly 900 species but many are considered either questionable or non valid ." ]
[ "In general , shells of the Pectinidae consist of two valves which are circular to broadly ovate with the right valve usually more inflated than the left valve .", "Usually shells of Pectinidae have two valves ." ]
[ "Although some species only live in very narrow environments , most are opportunistic and can live under a wide variety of conditions .", "Some species only live in very specific environments ." ]
[ "The earliest known records of true Pectinidae ( those with a ctenolium ) can be found from the Triassic period over 200 million years ago .", "True Pectinidae ( ones with a ctenolium ) first appeared in the Triassic period over 200 Million years ago ." ]
[ "Fossil records also indicate the existence of Pectinidae has been unstable at times ; from being the most speciose family of the Mesozoic era , to almost disappearing completely by the end of the Cretaceous period .", "The Pectinidae family had a large number of species in the Mesozoic era , but they almost disa...
[ "It includes Albion Park , Berkeley , Berrima , Blackbutt , Bowral , Cringila , Dapto , Exeter , Fitzroy Falls , Horsley , Kembla Grange , Lake Illawarra , Mittagong , Moss Vale , Oak Flats , Port Kembla , Robertson , Warrawong , Welby , Willow Vale , and parts of Warilla .", "Throsby includes Albion Park , Berke...
[ "The division is named after Charles Throsby , a prominent pioneer and explorer in the early nineteenth century of the areas to the south of Sydney .", "It is named after Charles Throsby ( 1777-1828 ) , a pioneer and explorer in the areas south of Sydney ." ]
[ "Los Temerarios are a Mexican romantic music group started in 1978 by brothers Adolfo Angel and Gustavo Angel and their cousin Fernando Angel .", "They were started in 1978 by brothers Adolfo Angel and Gustavo Angel and their cousin Fernando Angel ." ]
[ "It is often shortened to maths or , in English-speaking North America , math .", "Mathematics , sometimes shortened to maths ( in England , Australia , New Zealand and France ) or math ( in the United States , Canada and Germany ) is the study of numbers , shapes and patterns ." ]
[ "Because of its use of optimization , the mathematical theory of statistics shares concerns with other decision sciences , such as operations research , control theory , and mathematical economics .", "Numerical analysis - Optimization - Probability theory - Statistics - Mathematical finance - Game theory - Mathe...
[ "In 1946 , the `` service de l'aviation légère et sportive '' ( SALS ) is created , which purpose is essentially to provide available aircraft and flight instructor for flying clubs .", "In 1946 , the `` service de l'aviation légère et sportive '' ( SALS ) is created , which purpose is essentially to provide avai...
[ "The Service d'exploitation de la formation aéronautique ( SEFA ) was the French national flight school , located in nine places in France and managed by the direction générale de l'aviation civile ( DGAC ) .", "The Service d'exploitation de la formation aéronautique ( SEFA ) was the French national flight school...
[ "In 1955 , SALS becomes the `` service de la formation aéronautique et des sports aériens '' ( SFASA ) , in 1959 the `` service de la formation aéronautique , du travail aérien et des transports '' ( SFATAT ) , in 1964 it is renamed `` service de la formation aéronautique '' ( SFA ) and finally the `` service de la...
[ "Thus `` national centers '' were created : in 1945 , for gliding ( Challes-les-Eaux , Beynes , Pont-Saint-Vincent , etc. ) , and then for flight in piston-engined aircraft ( Carcassonne in 1945 , Saint-Yan in 1947 ) , and skydiving ( Biscarosse in 1953 ) .", "Thus `` national centers '' will be created , in 1945...
[ "In 1959 , the center of Saint-Yan welcomes the first course of airline pilot students ( EPL ) , ushering in a new mission of the SEFA : the training of airline pilots .", "In 1959 , the center of Saint-Yan welcomes the first course of airline pilot students ( EPL , Elève Pilote de ligne , in English airline pilo...
[ "Finally , on January 1 , 2011 , the SEFA is merged with the École nationale de l'aviation civile in order to create the biggest European aviation school .", "Finally , on the 1st of January 2011 , the SEFA is merged with the French Civil Aviation University in order to create the biggest European aviation school...
[ "In 1929 the rank of Standartenführer was divided into two separate ranks known as Standartenführer ( I ) and Standartenführer ( II ) .", "In 1929 the rank of Standartenführer was split into two ranks known as Standartenführer ( I ) and Standartenführer ( II ) ." ]
[ "In the Waffen-SS , the rank was considered the equivalent of an Oberst , a full colonel .", "In the Waffen-SS , the rank was considered the equivalent of an Oberst ( colonel ) ." ]
[ "From 1938 , newer SS uniforms featured the shoulder boards of a German Oberst in addition to the oak leaf collar patches .", "From 1938 , newer SS uniforms featured the shoulder boards of a German Oberst as well as the oak leaf collar patches ." ]
[ "By the start of World War II , Standartenführer was widely spread as both an SS rank and a rank of the SA .", "By the start of World War II , Standartenführer was widely used as both an SS rank and a rank of the S.A. ." ]
[ "First founded as a title in 1925 , in 1928 the rank became one of the first commissioned Nazi ranks and was bestowed upon those SA and SS officers who commanded units known as Standarten which were regiment-sized formations of between three hundred and five hundred men .", "First started as a rank in 1925 , in 1...
[ "The insignia for Standartenführer consisted of a single oak leaf displayed on both collars .", "The insignia for Standartenführer was of a single oak leaf worn on both collars and was the first of the S.S. and S.A. ranks to be worn on both collars ." ]
[ "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas is a 1998 American dark comedy film co-written and directed by Terry Gilliam , starring Johnny Depp as Raoul Duke and Benicio del Toro as Dr. Gonzo .", "It was later made into a movie directed by Terry Gilliam and starring Johnny Depp and Benicio Del Toro ." ]
[ "Air traffic control ( ATC ) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace , and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace .", "Air traffic control ( ATC ) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct ...
[ "In 1921 , Croydon Airport , London was the first airport in the world to introduce air traffic control .", "Air traffic control was first introduced at London 's Croydon Airport in 1921 ." ]
[ "In some countries , ATC plays a security or defensive role , or is operated by the military .", "In some countries , ATC may also play a security or defense role ( as in the United States ) , or actually be run entirely by the military ( as in Brazil ) ." ]
[ "Many aircraft also have collision avoidance systems , which provide additional safety by warning pilots when other aircraft get too close .", "Modern aircraft also have collision avoidance systems that see nearby aircraft and warn pilots to fly where they wo n't hit each other ." ]
[ "Data storage equipment uses either : The following are examples of those methods : A typical way to classify data storage media is to consider its shape and type of movement ( or non-movement ) relative to the read\\/write device ( s ) of the storage apparatus as listed : Bekenstein ( 2003 ) foresees that miniatur...
[ "Most storage devices that do not require vision and a brain to read data fall into this category .", "Most storage devices that do not require visual optics to read data fall into this category ." ]
[ "Electronic data storage requires electrical power to store and retrieve that data .", "Electronic data storage is storage which requires electricity to store and get back that data ." ]
[ "Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy , spanning from manual muscle power in handwriting , to acoustic vibrations in phonographic recording , to electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape and optical discs .", "Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy ." ]
[ "Many data storage devices are also media players .", "An organic brain may or may not be considered a data storage device ." ]
[ "Electromagnetic data may be stored in either an analog data or digital data format on a variety of media .", "Electronic data may be stored in either an analog or digital signal format ." ]
[ "Now , using the distributive law , we see that The second equality follows from the fact that 1 is a multiplicative identity .", "Now , using the distributive law , we see that The second equality follows from the fact that 1 is a multiplicative identity , that is : ." ]
[ "The only other complex number x satisfying the equation x2 = − 1 is − i . In the algebra of quaternions , containing the complex plane , the equation x2 = − 1 has an infinity of solutions .", "The only other complex number x for which the equation x2 = − 1 holds is − i . In the algebra of quaternions , which has...
[ "Negative one has some similar but slightly different properties to positive one .", "Negative one has some similar properties as positive one ." ]
[ "The second follows from the definition of − 1 as additive inverse of 1 : it is precisely that number that when added to 1 gives 0 .", "The second follows from the definition of − 1 as additive inverse of 1 , that is , when added to 1 , it gives 0 ." ]
[ "But now adding 1 to both sides of this last equation implies The above arguments hold in any ring , a concept of abstract algebra generalizing integers and real numbers .", "But now adding 1 to both sides of this last equation means The above arguments hold in any ring ." ]
[ "The complex number i satisfies i2 = − 1 , and as such can be considered as a square root of − 1 .", "The complex number i satisfies i2 = − 1 ." ]
[ "This can be proved using the distributive law and the axiom that 1 is the multiplicative identity : for x real , we have where we used the fact that any real x times 0 equals 0 , implied by cancellation from the equation In other words , so ( − 1 ) · x is the arithmetic inverse of x , or − x . The square of − 1 , ...
[ "In mathematics , − 1 is the additive inverse of 1 , that is , the number that when added to 1 gives the additive identity element , 0 .", "In mathematics , − 1 is the additive inverse of 1 ." ]
[ "Multiplying a number by − 1 is equivalent to changing the sign on the number .", "Multiplying a number by − 1 is the same as changing the sign on the number ." ]
[ "As a consequence , a product of two negative real numbers is positive .", "So , a square of negative real numbers is positive ." ]
[ "Negative one bears relation to Euler 's identity since In computer science , − 1 is a common initial value for integers and is also used to show that a variable contains no useful information .", "This is because the identity states In computer science , − 1 is a common initial value for integers ." ]
[ "For an algebraic proof of this result , start with the equation The first equality follows from the above result .", "To prove this with algebra , start with the equation The first equality follows from the above result ." ]
[ "The song was released as the fourth single from the album on 17 November 2013 .", "The song , `` Think About It '' , was then released as the album 's fourth single on 17 November 2013 ." ]
[ "The single was released on 14 April 2013 and peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart , making it her first number one single in the UK .", "It was number one in the UK Singles Chart in April 2013 ." ]
[ "Ella McMahon ( born 1 April 1994 ) , better known by her stage name Ella Eyre , is a British singer and songwriter signed to Virgin EMI Records .", "Ella Eyre ( born 1 April 1994 ) is a British singer and songwriter ." ]
[ "Her debut EP Deeper was released on 15 December 2013 .", "Her first EP Deeper was released on 15 December 2013 by Virgin\\/EMI ." ]
[ "In April 2013 , she featured on Rudimental 's single `` Waiting All Night '' .", "She sang on Rudimental 's single `` Waiting All Night '' ." ]
[ "McMahon was educated at Millfield School and the BRIT School for Performing Arts & Technology .", "She went to a private school called Millfield and the BRIT School for Performing Arts & Technology ." ]
[ "During his time with Nirvana , he could sometimes be seen using Fender guitars , generally the Fender Telecaster .", "During his time with Nirvana , he can sometimes be seen using Fender guitars , generally the Fender Telecaster ." ]
[ "Jason Mark Everman ( born October 16 , 1967 in Kodiak , Alaska ) is an American musician who played with Nirvana and Soundgarden .", "Jason Everman ( born August 16 , 1967 in Kodiak , Alaska ) is an American guitarist who played with Nirvana and Soundgarden ." ]
[ "Everman left Nirvana in July 1989 and joined Soundgarden the following year as Hiro Yamamoto 's temporary successor on bass .", "Everman left Nirvana in July 1989 following a stressful tour and joined Soundgarden the following year as Hiro Yamamoto 's temporary successor on bass ." ]
[ "He is listed as being second guitarist on Nirvana 's Bleach and appears on the cover , but did not actually play on any of the tracks .", "He is listed as being second guitarist on Nirvana 's Bleach , but did not actually play on any of the tracks ." ]
[ "Everman toured with Nirvana the summer of 1989 in support of Bleach .", "Everman toured with Nirvana in summer of 1989 in support of Bleach ." ]
[ "In September 1994 , influenced by Renaissance icon Benvenuto Cellini ( who stated that a well-rounded man is an artist , warrior and philosopher ) , he left Mind Funk to join the Army 2nd Ranger Battalion and the Special Forces , serving tours in Afghanistan and Iraq .", "In September 1994 , he left Mind Funk to...
[ "Everman left immediately after Soundgarden completed its promotional tour for Louder Than Love in mid-1990 to play bass for the band OLD ( Old Lady Drivers ) and Soundgarden found Yamamoto 's ultimate successor , bassist Ben Shepherd .", "Later in 1990 , Everman left the band and Soundgarden found Yamamoto 's ul...
[ "The Times Square ball drop is one of the best-known New Year 's celebrations internationally .", "The Times Square ball drop is one of the best-known New Year 's Eve celebrations in the world ." ]
[ "The Times Square Ball is a time ball located in New York City 's Times Square .", "The Times Square Ball is a time ball ( a ball dropped at a certain time ) located at the top of the One Times Square building in Times Square in New York City ." ]
[ "As of 2009 , the ball is also displayed atop One Times Square year-round .", "Starting in 2009 , the ball is shown in One Times Square throughout the year ." ]
[ "In 2011 , the Government of India awarded her with the Padma Shri , the fourth highest civilian award of the country .", "In 2011 , she was awarded the Padma Shri , India 's fourth-highest civilian award by the Government of India ." ]
[ "Kajol 's cousins Rani Mukerji , Sharbani Mukherjee and Mohnish Behl are also Bollywood actors ; whereas another cousin of hers , Ayan Mukerji is a director .", "Her cousins , Rani Mukherjee , Sharbani Mukherjee and Mohnish Behl are also Bollywood actors ." ]
[ "She has received six Filmfare Awards from eleven nominations , and along with her late aunt Nutan , holds the record for most Best Actress wins at Filmfare , with five .", "She has received six Filmfare Awards ." ]
[ "The Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party ( DFL ) is a social liberal political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota .", "The Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party ( DFL ) is a major political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota ." ]
[ "It is affiliated with the United States Democratic Party .", "The party is affiliated with the national Democratic Party ." ]
[ "The DFL was created on April 15 , 1944 , with the merger of the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Farmer-Labor Party .", "It was created on April 15 , 1944 when the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Farmer-Labor Party merged ." ]
[ "On 2 April 2011 he announced he would not stand for re-election in the 2011 general election .", "On 2 April 2011 he said he would not stand for re-election ." ]
[ "He left office on 21 December 2011 .", "He left the office on 21st December 2011 ." ]
[ "He was elected for two terms as Prime Minister of Spain , in the 2004 and 2008 general elections .", "This was in the 2004 and 2008 general elections ." ]
[ "Zapatero attended his first political rally , organized by the Spanish Socialist Workers ' Party ( PSOE ) in Gijón in 1976 .", "His party is the Spanish Socialist Workers ' Party ( PSOE ) ." ]
[ "Didgeridoos are traditionally made of eucalyptus , but contemporary materials such as PVC piping are used .", "Didgeridoos are usually made of eucalyptus , but new materials such as PVC piping can be used ." ]
[ "Similarly , non-indigenous artists and performers have adapted , used and sampled indigenous Australian styles and instruments in their works .", "Likewise non-indigenous artists and performers have used and sampled indigenous Australian styles and instruments in their works ." ]
[ "Unlike drumsticks , which are generally used to strike a drum , clapsticks are intended for striking one stick on another .", "Unlike drumsticks , which are generally used to strike a drum , clapsticks are for striking one stick on another ." ]
[ "The culture of the Torres Strait Islanders is related to that of adjacent parts of New Guinea and so their music is also related .", "The culture of the Torres Strait Islanders is part of New Guinea ." ]
[ "Songs are about clan or family history and are frequently updated to take into account popular films and music , controversies and social relationships .", "They are often updated to take into account popular movies and music , controversies and social relationships ." ]
[ "Music has formed an integral part of the social , cultural and ceremonial observances of these people , down through the millennia of their individual and collective histories to the present day , and has existed for 40,000 years .", "Music has formed an strong part of the social , cultural and ceremonial observ...
[ "Australian indigenous music includes the music of Australian Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders , who are collectively called Indigenous Australians ; it incorporates a variety of distinctive traditional music styles practiced by Indigenous Australian peoples , as well as a range of contemporary musical styles...
[ "I A clapstick is a type of musical instrument that , according to western musicological classification , falls into the category of percussion .", "A clapstick is a type of musical instrument that is in the category of percussion ." ]
[ "These songs often described how the features of the land were created and named during the Dreamtime .", "These songs often describe how the features of the land were made and named during the Dreamtime ." ]