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[ "In physics , a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media , usually two fluids with different densities .", "In physics , a surface wave can refer to a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media , usually two fluids with differen...
[ "Smith attended Stafford Senior High School in Stafford County , Virginia , where he played basketball and football .", "Smith attended Stafford Senior High School in Stafford , Virginia , where he played basketball and football ." ]
[ "James Torrey Smith ( born January 26 , 1989 ) is an American football wide receiver for the Baltimore Ravens in the National Football League ( NFL ) .", "James Torrey Smith ( born January 26 , 1989 ) is an American wide receiver in the National Football League ." ]
[ "The Baltimore Ravens selected Smith with the 58th overall pick in the second round of the 2011 NFL Draft .", "These numbers tell about Smith 's play with the Terrapins : The Baltimore Ravens selected Smith in the 2nd Round ( 58th overall ) of the 2011 NFL Draft ." ]
[ "He was selected by the Ravens in the second round of the 2011 NFL Draft .", "He was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the 2011 NFL Draft ." ]
[ "Smith caught the game winning touchdown against the Steelers on November 6 , 2011 .", "Smith continued his good play , even catching a game-winning touchdown against the Pittsburgh Steelers at Heinz Field on November 6 , 2011 ." ]
[ "He ended the year with 24 catches for 336 yards and two touchdowns .", "Smith finished his first season with 50 catches for 841 yards and seven touchdowns ." ]
[ "He accepted a scholarship to the University of Maryland , and redshirted his first year .", "He accepted a scholarship to the University of Maryland ." ]
[ "The 74-yard score was the longest completion of quarterback Joe Flacco 's career .", "His first catch in the NFL was a 74-yard score from quarterback Joe Flacco ." ]
[ "St. Paul 's Hospital responded to the situation by placing guards at the emergency room entrance to prevent tear gas victims from entering , claiming there was nothing that could be done for them .", "St. Paul 's Hospital responded by putting guards at the emergency room entrance to prevent tear gas victims from...
[ "The police , who were on bicycles , attempted to escort paramedics into the crowd .", "When police , who were on bikes , were trying to escort paramedics into the crowd , some members of the crowd tried to take the bikes from the police ." ]
[ "The riot followed Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals in which the Vancouver Canucks lost to the New York Rangers .", "The riot took place after the New York Rangers defeated the Vancouver Canucks in Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals ." ]
[ "Total damage to the downtown core was estimated at $ 1.1 million Canadian Dollars .", "The total damage to the downtown core was estimated at $ 1.1 million CAD ." ]
[ "It was Vancouver 's first riot since 1972 , when the tour opener for The Rolling Stones lead to confrontations between the policemen and 2,000 fans outside the Pacific Coliseum .", "It was the first riot in Vancouver since the tour opener for The Rolling Stones which lead to a clash between police officers and 2...
[ "The 1994 Vancouver Stanley Cup Riot occurred in Downtown Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , on the evening of June 14 , 1994 , and continued into the following morning .", "The 1994 Vancouver Stanley Cup Riot was a riot that took place on June 14 , 1994 in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada ." ]
[ "The gathering developed into a riot at Robson and Thurlow Street , after an accident involving a man who fell from a lamp standard into the crowd below .", "The riot started on Robson and Thurlow Street after a man fell off of a streetlight into the crowd ." ]
[ "Eventually , as reported in The New York Times , bowls with water were placed outside by the security guards for those suffering from tear gas .", "After a while , bowls filled with water were put outside by security guards for the people that were suffering from tear gas ." ]
[ "Many major retailers along Robson had their windows broken , including an Eaton 's department store which had more than 50 smashed .", "Lots of stores had their windows broken , including 50 windows smashed at a Eaton 's store ." ]
[ "Tear gas wafted through the open windows of West End residents that night .", "The tear gas that was fired drifted into the open windows of residents living on the West End ." ]
[ "In mid-1982 , Walters and his girlfriend , Carol Van Deusen , purchased 45 eight-foot weather balloons and obtained helium tanks from California Toy Time Balloons .", "In 1982 , Walters and his girlfriend , Carol Van Deusen , bought 45 eight-foot weather balloons ." ]
[ "Twenty years later he decided to try it .", "Twenty years later he decided to do try it ." ]
[ "Lawrence Richard Walters , nicknamed `` Lawnchair Larry '' or the `` Lawn Chair Pilot '' , ( April 19 , 1949 - October 6 , 1993 ) was an American truck driver who took flight on July 2 , 1982 , in a homemade airship .", "Lawrence Richard Walters , nicknamed `` Lawnchair Larry '' or the `` Lawn Chair Pilot '' , (...
[ "The chair was still sitting in his garage , attached to some of the original tethers and water jugs used as ballast .", "The chair was still sitting in Jerry 's garage and had some of the original ropes and water jugs ." ]
[ "They used a forged requisition from his employer , FilmFair Studios , saying the balloons were for a television commercial .", "They used a fake letter from his employer , FilmFair Studios ." ]
[ "He first thought of using weather balloons to fly at age 13 and 14 , after seeing them hanging from the ceiling of a military surplus store .", "He got the idea when he saw the balloons hanging from the ceiling of a military surplus store ." ]
[ "When his friends cut the cord that tied his lawn chair to his Jeep , Walters 's lawn chair rose rapidly to a height of about 15,000 feet ( 4,600 m ) .", "His friends cut the rope that tied his lawn chair to his Jeep and Walters ' lawnchair went up very quickly ." ]
[ "He was immediately arrested by waiting members of the Long Beach Police Department .", "The Long Beach Police Department was waiting for him ." ]
[ "Walters had always dreamed of flying , but was unable to become a pilot in the United States Air Force because of his poor eyesight .", "Walters had always dreamed of flying ." ]
[ "Just after landing , Walters spoke to the press , saying After his flight , Walters was briefly in demand as a motivational speaker , and quit his job as a truck driver .", "After his flight , he quit his job as a truck driver ." ]
[ "Walters attached the balloons to his lawn chair , filled them with helium , put on a parachute , and strapped himself into the chair in the backyard of a home at 1633 W. 7th St. in San Pedro .", "They went to the backyard of a home at 1633 W. 7th St. in San Pedro Walters attached the balloons to his lawnchair , ...
[ "Walters rose to an altitude of over 15,000 feet ( 4,600 m ) and floated from his point of origin in San Pedro , California , into controlled airspace near Los Angeles International Airport .", "He went from San Pedro , California into an area near Los Angeles International Airport that was only for airplanes ." ...
[ "Dubbed Inspiration I , the `` flying machine '' consisted of an ordinary patio chair with 45 helium-filled weather balloons attached to it .", "He called his flying machine Inspiration I . It was made of an ordinary outdoor chair and 45 large balloons full of helium ." ]
[ "Early long arms , from the Renaissance up to the mid-1800s , were generally smoothbore firearms that fired one or more ball shot , called muskets .", "Guns are also called firearms ." ]
[ "Melvin James `` Sy '' Oliver ( December 17 , 1910 - May 28 , 1988 ) was an American jazz arranger , trumpeter , composer , singer and bandleader .", "Melvin `` Sy '' Oliver ( 17 December 1910 in Battle Creek , Michigan - 28 May 1988 in New York City ) was a jazz arranger , trumpeter , composer , singer and bandl...
[ "As a composer , one of his most famous songs was `` T'ain ' t What You Do ( It 's the Way That You Do It ) '' , which he co-wrote with Trummy Young .", "As a composer , one of his most famous songs was `` T'ain ' t What You Do ( It 's the Way That You Do It ) '' which he co-wrote with Trummy Young ." ]
[ "In 1933 , Oliver joined Jimmie Lunceford 's band , contributing many hit arrangements for the band , including `` My Blue Heaven '' and `` Ai n't She Sweet '' .", "He joined Jimmie Lunceford 's band in 1933 and contributed many hit arrangements to the band , including `` My Blue Heaven '' and `` Ai n't She Sweet...
[ "One of his more successful efforts as an arranger was the Frank Sinatra album I Remember Tommy , a combined tribute to each man 's former boss .", "After leaving Dorsey , Oliver continued working as a free-lance arranger -- one of his more successful such efforts was the Frank Sinatra album I Remember Tommy , a ...
[ "Oliver arranged and conducted many songs for Ella Fitzgerald from her Decca years .", "Sy arranged and conducted many songs for Ella Fitzgerald from her years with Decca Records ." ]
[ "( a gospel-jazz tune that was later recorded by Ray Charles ) , `` Opus One '' , `` The Minor is Muggin ' '' , `` T.D. 's Boogie Woogie '' and `` Well , Git It '' .", "His arrangement of `` On the Sunny Side of the Street '' was a big hit for Dorsey , as were his own compositions `` Yes Indeed '' ( a gospel-jazz...
[ "Buchanan rejects `` any organic conception of the state as superior in wisdom , to the individuals who are its members . ''", "Buchanan rejects `` any organic conception of the state '' as superior in wisdom , to the citizens of this state . ''" ]
[ "It was Buchanan 's work on this sub-discipline that brought him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his `` development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making '' in 1986 .", "Buchanan 's work brought him in 1986 the Nobel Prize in Economi...
[ "D.C. McKenzie 's neologism was then adopted by another American economist , James M. Buchanan , as a name for a new academic sub-discipline .", "Then it was used by another American economist - James M. Buchanan - as a name for a new academic sub-discipline ." ]
[ "The term `` constitutional economics '' was coined in 1982 by the U.S. economist Richard McKenzie to designate the main topic of discussion at a conference held in Washington .", "The term `` constitutional economics '' was created in 1982 by the U.S. economist Richard McKenzie ." ]
[ "Constitutional economics is a research program in economics and constitutionalism that has been described as extending beyond the definition of `` the economic analysis of constitutional law '' in explaining the choice `` of alternative sets of legal-institutional-constitutional rules that constrain the choices an...
[ "This philosophical position is , in fact , the very subject matter of constitutional economics .", "This philosophical position forms the basis of constitutional economics ." ]
[ "The Hungarian name for the town is historically Komárom .", "The Hungarian name for the town is Komárom ." ]
[ "The powers of i repeat in a cycle expressible with the following pattern , where n is any integer : This leads to the conclusion that where mod represents the modulo operation .", "This can be shown as : The powers of follow a predictable pattern : This can be shown with the following pattern where n is any inte...
[ "As of August 2013 ( update ) , there are 355 chapters and 40 tankōbon volumes .", "As of April 2011 it has 232 chapters and 26 tankōbon volumes ." ]
[ "The large number of pieces and their lack of wear may suggest that they were the stock of a trader or dealer in such pieces .", "The large number of pieces and their lack of wear may suggest they were the stock of a trader or dealer in such pieces ." ]
[ "The eleven are now on display in the National Museum of Scotland .", "The eleven are now on display in the Museum of Scotland ." ]
[ "They are owned and exhibited by the British Museum in London , which has 67 of the original pieces , and the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh , which has 11 pieces .", "They are owned and exhibited by the British Museum in London , which has 67 of the original pieces , and the Museum of Scotland in Edinb...
[ "An exhibition entitled `` The Lewis Chessmen : Unmasked '' , which includes chesspieces from both the National Museum of Scotland and British Museum collections , along with other relevant objects , toured Scotland in 2010-2011 .", "An exhibition entitled `` The Lewis Chessmen : Unmasked '' that included chesspi...
[ "The chessmen were number 5 in the list of British archaeological finds selected by experts at the British Museum for the 2003 BBC Television documentary Our Top Ten Treasures , presented by Adam Hart-Davis .", "The chessmen were number 5 in the list of British archaeological finds selected by experts at the Brit...
[ "The chessmen were soon after split up , with 10 being purchased by Kirkpatrick Sharpe and the others ( 67 chessmen and 14 tablemen ) purchased on behalf of the British Museum in London .", "The chessmen were soon after split up , with 10 being purchased by a Kirkpatrick Sharpe and the rest ( 67 chessmen and 14 t...
[ "Some historians believe that the Lewis chessmen were hidden ( or lost ) after some mishap occurred during their carriage from Norway to wealthy Norse towns on the east coast of Ireland , such as Dublin .", "Some historians believe that the Lewis chessmen were hidden ( or lost ) after some mishap occurred during ...
[ "Others have been lent to Scottish museums and temporary exhibitions .", "Some have been lent to Scottish museums and temporary exhibitions ." ]
[ "Of the pieces given to the British Museum , most can be found in Room 42 , with the registration numbers M&ME 1831 , 11-1 .78 -159 .", "The pieces given to the British Museum still exist , and most can be found in Room 42 with the registration numbers M&ME 1831 , 11-1 .78 -159 ." ]
[ "Kirkpatrick Sharpe later found another bishop to take his collection up to eleven , all of which were later sold to Lord Londesborough .", "Kirkpatrick Sharpe later found another bishop to take his collection up to eleven , all of which were later sold ." ]
[ "A range of resin or plastic replicas provides popular items in the Museum shops .", "A range of resin replicas are popular items in the Museum shops ." ]
[ "The Lewis Chessmen ( or Uig Chessmen , named after the bay where they were found ) are a group of 78 12th-century chess pieces , most of which are carved in walrus ivory .", "The Lewis Chessmen , or Uig Chessmen , are 78 12th-century chess pieces , most of which are carved in walrus ivory ." ]
[ "During that period , the Outer Hebrides , along with other major groups of Scottish islands , were ruled by Norway .", "During that period the Outer Hebrides , and many other Scottish islands , were ruled by Norway ." ]
[ "According to Dr. Alex Woolf , director of the Institute for Medieval Studies of the University of St. Andrews , there are a number of reasons for believing the chess pieces probably came from Trondheim : a broken queen piece in a similar style found in an excavation of the archbishop 's palace ( it appeared the pi...
[ "In 1888 , they were again sold , but this time the purchaser was the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland , who donated the pieces to the Royal Scottish Museum in Edinburgh .", "Eventually they were bought by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland , who donated them to the Royal Museum in Edinburgh ." ]
[ "Discovered in 1831 on the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides , Scotland , they may constitute some of the few complete , surviving medieval chess sets , although it is not clear if a set as originally made can be assembled from the pieces .", "The hoard was discovered in 1831 on the Isle of Lewis in the Outer H...
[ "It is in the form of a letter submitted to Pope John XXII , dated 6 April 1320 , intended to confirm Scotland 's status as an independent , sovereign state and defending Scotland 's right to use military action when unjustly attacked .", "The declaration confirmed Scotland 's status as a independent , sovereign ...
[ "It was only in October 1328 , after a short-lived peace treaty between Scotland and England , the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton ( which renounced all English claims to Scotland and was signed by the new English king , Edward III , on 1 March 1328 ) , that the interdict on Scotland and the excommunication of its ...
[ "There are 39 names ( eight earls and thirty one barons ) at the start of the document , all of whom may have had their seals appended , probably over the space of some weeks and months , with nobles sending in their seals to be used .", "There were 39 names , ( eight Scottish earls and thirty one barons ) , who ...
[ "The process of gaining or losing electrons from a neutral atom or molecule is called ionization .", "Making an ion from an atom or molecule is called ionization ." ]
[ "Molecular ions that contain at least one carbon to hydrogen bond are called organic ions .", "Positive ions are called cations ." ]
[ "The Wisconsin River is a `` navigable river of the United States . ''", "The Wisconsin River is a river in the United States ." ]
[ "The Wisconsin River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the U.S. state of Wisconsin .", "It is a tributary of the Mississippi River ." ]
[ "It extends 93 miles ( 150 km ) from Sauk City to the point where the Wisconsin River empties into the Mississippi , about 10 miles ( 16 km ) south of the city of Prairie du Chien .", "It joins the Mississippi 15 km south of the city of Prairie du Chien ." ]
[ "At approximately 430 miles ( 692 km ) long , it is the state 's longest river .", "It is approximately 692 km long ." ]
[ "Some bracts are brightly colored and serve the function of attracting pollinators , either together with the perianth or instead of it .", "Some bracts are brightly colored and serve the function of attracting pollinators like bees , either together with the perianth or instead of it ." ]
[ "Typically , they also look different from the parts of the flower , such as the petals and\\/or sepals .", "Usually , they also look different from the parts of the flower , such as the petals and\\/or sepals ." ]
[ "However , they suggested that at least arm feathers were probably still present on Gigantoraptor , since their primary functions , such as display and covering the eggs while brooding , are not related to the regulation of body heat .", "Arm feathers were probably still present on Gigantoraptor , since their pri...
[ "He then stopped the filming to secure the serendipitous find .", "He stopped the filming to secure the serendipitous find ." ]
[ "As he wiped the bone clean , he suddenly realized it was not from a sauropod , but from an unidentifiable theropod in the size class of Albertosaurus .", "As he wiped the bone clean , he suddenly realized it was not from a sauropod , but from an unidentifiable theropod about the size of Albertosaurus ." ]
[ "It was clear to Xu et al. that Gigantoraptor belonged to the Oviraptorosauria , a group named after Oviraptor , but compared to other known members , Gigantoraptor was much larger , approximately three times as long and 35 times more massive than the heaviest earlier discovered oviraptorosaurid Citipati .", "Gig...
[ "Although some oviraptorosaurs such as Caudipteryx and Incisivosaurus are thought to have been mostly herbivorous , Gigantoraptor had long hind legs with proportions that allowed for fast movement ( it was probably more nimble than the larger and less agile Tarbosaurus ) , and large claws , a combination that is no...
[ "These were laid in enormous rings with a diameter of three metres .", "These fossil eggs were laid in enormous rings with a diameter of three metres ." ]
[ "They indicate that the unknown skull was over half a metre long and toothless also , probably equipped with a horny beak .", "The skull would have been over half a metre long and toothless , probably equipped with a horny beak ." ]
[ "This way , the discovery of the Gigantoraptor holotype fossil was documented on film .", "This way , the discovery of the Gigantoraptor fossil was captured on movie ." ]
[ "The existence of giant oviraptorosaurians as Gigantoraptor explains several earlier Asian finds of very large , up to 53 centimetres long , oviraptorosaurian eggs , assigned to the oospecies Macroelongatoolithus xixiaensis .", "The existence of giant oviraptorosaurians as Gigantoraptor explains several earlier A...
[ "In 2010 a second analysis of Gigantoraptor relationships found it to be a member of the Caenagnathidae rather than an oviraptorid .", "In 2010 a second analysis of Gigantoraptor relationships found it to be a member a sister group , the Caenagnathidae ." ]
[ "Gigantoraptor is a genus of giant oviraptorosaurian theropod dinosaur .", "Gigantoraptor is a genus of giant oviraptorosaur theropod dinosaur that lived 70 million years ago during the later Cretaceous period ." ]
[ "It consists of is the incomplete and disassociated remains of a single subadult individual , a partial skeleton lacking the cranium but including the lower jaw , a single neck vertebra , most of the back and tail and the majority of the frontlimb and hindlimb elements .", "The partial skeleton lacks the skull bu...
[ "They admitted that despite Gigantoraptor being a member of the Oviraptorosauria , a group that includes the feathered species Caudipteryx and Protarchaeopteryx , it might have been `` naked '' because it is three hundred times more massive than these species , and very large animals may rely more on mass for tempe...
[ "It was discovered in 2005 in the Iren Dabasu Formation , Erlian basin , in Inner Mongolia .", "It was discovered in 2005 in Inner Mongolia ." ]
[ "In 2007 the type species Gigantoraptor erlianensis was named and described by Xu , Tan Qingwei , Wang Jianmin , Zhao Xijin and Tan Lin .", "In 2007 the Gigantoraptor erlianensis was named and described by Xu and colleagues ." ]
[ "Tehsils may contain villages or municipalities .", "Tehsils may contain villages or towns and cities ." ]
[ "The term `` Tehsil '' is used everywhere except in Sindh province , where the term taluka ( Urdu : تعلقہ ) predominates .", "Tehsils are used in all provinces except in Sindh province where the word taluka ( Urdu : تعلقه ) is used instead ." ]
[ "Since 2001 , these have been led by democratically elected local councils , each headed by a Nazim ( Urdu : ناظم ) ( `` supervisor '' or `` mayor '' ) .", "Since 2001 , these have been led by democratically elected local councils , each headed by a Nazim ( the word means `` supervisor '' in Urdu , but is sometim...
[ "Women have been allotted a minimum of 33 % of the seats on these councils .", "Women have been allotted a minimum of 33 % seats in these councils ; there is no maximum limit to the number of women in these councils ." ]
[ "The strait is now named the Strait of Magellan .", "He was also the first to sail through the Strait of Magellan , so it was named for him ." ]
[ "In 2009 , The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment , Marvel Worldwide 's parent company .", "In 2009 , The Walt Disney Company bought Marvel for US$ 4 billion ." ]
[ "The Boxer is a breed of stocky , medium-sized , short-haired dogs developed in Germany .", "Boxer is a breed of dog ." ]
[ "These properties were all individually included on the Australian National Heritage List before inclusion on the World Heritage list .", "All the sites were all individually included on the Australian National Heritage List before being put on on the World Heritage list ." ]
[ "The 11 penal sites constituting the Australian Convict Sites World Heritage listed property are Out of over 3,000 convict sites remaining in Australia , the 11 constituting the Australian Convict Sites were selected as the pre-eminent examples of the world 's convict era satisfying World Heritage selection criteri...
[ "Australian Convict Sites is a World Heritage property consisting of 11 remnant penal sites originally built within the British Empire during the 18th and 19th centuries on fertile Australian coastal strips at Sydney , Tasmania , Norfolk Island , and Fremantle ; now representing '' ... the best surviving examples o...