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[ "A nut is a fruit composed of a hard shell and a seed , where the hard-shelled fruit does not open to release the seed ( indehiscent ) .", "Nuts are made of the seed and the fruit , where the fruit does not open to release the seed ." ]
[ "Most nuts come from the pistils with inferior ovaries ( see flower ) and all are indehiscent ( not opening at maturity ) .", "Most seeds come from fruits , and the seeds are released from the fruit ." ]
[ "In 2009 , the fossils of 28 individual T. cerrejonensis were found in the Cerrejón Formation of the coal mines of Cerrejón in La Guajira , Colombia .", "The site was in the Cerrejón Formation in La Guajira , Colombia ." ]
[ "She served as the Director General of the UN World Health Organization and is now a Special Envoy on Climate Change for the United Nations Secretary-General , Ban Ki-moon .", "She now is a Special Envoy on climate change for the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon ." ]
[ "from the University of Oslo .", "She gained a degree from the University of Oslo and a master 's degree from Harvard University ." ]
[ "Food coloring is used both in commercial food production and in domestic cooking .", "Food coloring is used both in commercial food production and in cooking at home ." ]
[ "In the United States , FD&C numbers ( which indicate that the FDA has approved the colorant for use in foods , drugs and cosmetics ) are given to approved synthetic food dyes that do not exist in nature , while in the European Union , E numbers are used for all additives , both synthetic and natural , that are app...
[ "The FDA lists `` color additives exempt from certification '' for food in subpart A of the Code of Federal Regulations - Title 21 Part 73 .", "The FDA lists `` color additives exempt from certification '' for food ." ]
[ "People associate certain colors with certain flavors , and the color of food can influence the perceived flavor in anything from candy to wine .", "The color of the food can therefore influence its perceived flavor in anything from candy to wine ." ]
[ "Food coloring , or color additive , is any dye , pigment or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or drink .", "A food coloring is any substance that is added to food or drink to change its color ." ]
[ "Sometimes the aim is to simulate a color that is perceived by the consumer as natural , such as adding red coloring to glacé cherries ( which would otherwise be beige ) , but sometimes it is for effect , like the green ketchup that Heinz launched in 1999 .", "An example would be to add red coloring to glacé cher...
[ "Food colorings are tested for safety by various bodies around the world and sometimes different bodies have different views on food color safety .", "Sometimes , different testing-bodies have different opinions on the safety of a certain coloring ." ]
[ "While naturally derived colors are not required to be certified by a number of regulatory bodies throughout the world ( including the FDA ) , they still need to be approved for use in that country .", "Natural colors are not required to be tested by a number of regulatory bodies throughout the world , including ...
[ "There are 3-foot-bridges in the city : the Millennium Bridge , the Seán O'Casey Bridge and the Ha ` penny Bridge .", "There are 3 foot bridges in the city : the Millennium Bridge , the Seán O'Casey Bridge and the Ha ` penny Bridge ." ]
[ "Notable are the West-Link Bridge on the M50 motorway , the Seán Heuston Bridge and O'Connell Bridge .", "Large bridges are the West-Link Bridge on the M50 motorway , the Seán Heuston Bridge and O'Connell Bridge ." ]
[ "The Liffey Descent canoeing event , held each year since 1960 , covers a 27 km ( 17 mi ) course from Straffan to Islandbridge .", "The Liffey Descent canoeing event covers a 27 km ( 17 mi ) course from Straffan to Islandbridge ." ]
[ "Its major tributaries include the River Dodder , the River Poddle and the River Camac .", "Its major tributaries include the King 's River , River Dodder , the River Poddle and the River Camac ." ]
[ "There are dams for three ESB hydroelectric power stations along the river , at Poulaphouca , Golden Falls and Leixlip .", "There are dams built for three hydroelectric power stations along the river , at Poulaphouca , Golden Falls and Leixlip ." ]
[ "Around 60 % of the Liffey 's flow is abstracted for drinking water , and to supply industry .", "Around 60 % of the Liffey 's flow is used for drinking water , and to supply industry ." ]
[ "Crossings further upriver include the Liffey Bridge at Celbridge , `` The Bridge at 16 '' ( a 19th-century pedestrian suspension bridge at what is now the K Club ) , and the Leinster Aqueduct - which carries the Grand Canal over the Liffey at Caragh .", "Bridges outside of Dublin include the Liffey Bridge at Cel...
[ "Island Bridge ( a predecessor of the current bridge ) was added in 1577 .", "Island Bridge was added in 1577 ." ]
[ "In recent years , the only regular traffic on the river within the city is the Liffey Voyage water tour bus service , which runs guided tours along the River Liffey through Dublin City center .", "In recent years , the only regular traffic on the river within the city is a boat which runs guided tours along the ...
[ "Upstream from the city , at Chapelizod , the river is used by private , university and Garda rowing clubs .", "The river is used by private , university and Garda rowing clubs in Chapelizod ." ]
[ "The Liffey ( An Life in Irish ) is a river in Ireland , which flows through the center of Dublin .", "The Liffey ( An Life in Irish ) is a river in Ireland ." ]
[ "Much of this makes its way back into the river after purification in wastewater treatment plants .", "Much of this makes its way back into the river after it is cleaned in wastewater treatment plants ." ]
[ "Downstream of the East-Link bridge , the river is still mainly used for commercial and ferry traffic , with some recreational use also .", "Downstream of the East-Link bridge , the river is still mainly used for commercial and ferry traffic ." ]
[ "A popular myth is that Liffey water is used to brew Guinness but this is not true as Guinness uses water piped from the Wicklow mountains .", "Guinness uses water piped from the Wicklow mountains ." ]
[ "With the development of commercial Dublin in the 17th century , four new bridges were added between 1670 and 1684 : Barrack , or Bloody Bridge , ( the forerunner of the current Rory O'More Bridge ) , Essex Bridge ( Grattan Bridge ) , Ormond Bridge ( O'Donovan Rossa Bridge ) and Arran Bridge .", "They were Barrac...
[ "The earliest stone bridge over the Liffey of which there is solid evidence was the Bridge of Dublin ( on the site of the current Fr .", "The earliest stone bridge over the Liffey was the Bridge of Dublin ." ]
[ "This bridge with four arches included various buildings such as a chapel , bakehouse and possibly an inn and replaced an earlier wooden bridge ( Dubhghalls Bridge ) on the same site .", "It replaced an earlier wooden bridge ( Dubhghalls Bridge ) on the same site ." ]
[ "The Liffey does not feature natural lakes , and has few islands .", "The Liffey does not have any natural lakes , and has only a few islands ." ]
[ "A well-known sight on the Liffey up to the 1990s , the Lady Patricia and Miranda Guinness cargo ships were used to export Guinness from the St. James 's Gate Brewery .", "The Lady Patricia and Miranda Guinness were cargo ships that were used to export Guinness from the St. James 's Gate Brewery ." ]
[ "A suspension bridge , it swivels to allow river traffic to pass .", "It is a suspension bridge , it can move to allow river traffic to pass ." ]
[ "See Annals of Inisfallen ( AI ) The Liffey rises in the Liffey Head Bog between Kippure and Tonduff in the Wicklow mountains , forming from many streamlets .", "The Liffey starts with a lot of small streams in the Liffey Head Bog between Kippure and Tonduff in the Wicklow mountains ." ]
[ "The oldest bridge still standing is the Mellows Bridge , ( originally Queens Bridge ) constructed in 1764 on the site of the Arran Bridge , which was destroyed by floods in 1763 .", "It was built in 1764 after the Arran Bridge ( which was there before ) was destroyed by floods in 1763 ." ]
[ "The word Liphe ( or Life ) referred originally to the name of the plain through which the river ran , but eventually came to refer to the river itself .", "The word Liphe ( or Life ) was the name of the plain ( flat area of land ) through which the river flowed but was later used to name the river itself ." ]
[ "The river was previously named An Ruirthech , meaning `` fast ( or strong ) runner '' .", "The river was called An Ruirthech , meaning `` fast ( or strong ) runner '' before it was called Liffey ." ]
[ "The river supplies much of Dublin 's water , and a range of recreational opportunities .", "The river supplies much of Dublin 's water ." ]
[ "It flows for around 125 km ( 78 mi ) through counties Wicklow , Kildare and Dublin before entering the Irish Sea at its mouth at the midpoint of Dublin Bay , on a line extending from the Baily lighthouse to the Muglin Rocks .", "It flows for around 125 km ( 78 mi ) through counties Wicklow , Kildare and Dublin ....
[ "It was also known as the Anna Liffey , possibly from an anglicisation of Abhainn na Life , the Irish phrase that translates into English as River Liffey .", "It was also known as the Anna Liffey , possibly because of the Irish for `` River Liffey '' - Abhainn na Life which sounds like `` Anna Liffey '' in Englis...
[ "There remain areas of rapids , notably as the river approaches Dublin city .", "There are a few areas with rapids , mostly as the river comes close to Dublin city ." ]
[ "Marc Houalla was born February 10 , 1961 at Rueil-Malmaison , is a French public servant .", "Marc Houalla , born the 10th of February 1961 at Rueil-Malmaison , is a French aerospace engineer ." ]
[ "A graduate from the ENAC ( IÉNAC L82 ) and holder of a MBA from HEC Paris ( 1990 ) , he began his career in 1985 as an engineer at the civil aviation department of Canada .", "Graduate from the ENAC ( IÉNAC L82 ) and having a MBA from HEC Paris ( 1990 ) , he has done different jobs in air transport such as direc...
[ "In 1892 the Gilbert Islands consented to become a British protectorate together with the nearby Ellice Islands .", "In 1892 , the Gilbert Islands became a British protectorate with the Ellice Islands ( nowadays known as Tuvalu ) , together called Gilbert and Ellice Islands ." ]
[ "The name Kiribati is the local pronunciation of Gilberts , which derives from the main island chain , named the Gilbert Islands after the British explorer Thomas Gilbert , who sailed through the islands in 1788 .", "Kiribati used to be called the Gilbert Islands ." ]
[ "Apple Records is a record label founded by the Beatles in 1968 , as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. .", "Apple Records was a record label started by The Beatles , which was active from 1968 until 1975 ." ]
[ "The uranium-lead dating method relies on two separate decay chains , the uranium series from 238U to 206Pb , with a half-life of 4.47 billion years and the actinium series from 235U to 207Pb , with a half-life of 704 million years .", "The method relies on two separate decay chains , the uranium series from 238U...
[ "These types of minerals often produce lower precision ages than igneous and metamorphic minerals traditionally used for age dating , but are more common in the geologic record .", "These minerals often produce lower precision ages than igneous and metamorphic minerals traditionally used for age dating , but are ...
[ "The zircon mineral incorporates uranium and thorium atoms into its crystalline structure , but strongly rejects lead .", "Zircon incorporates uranium and thorium atoms into its crystalline structure , but strongly rejects lead ." ]
[ "Uranium-lead dating is usually performed on the mineral zircon ( ZrSiO4 ) , though it can be used on other minerals such as monazite , titanite , and baddeleyite .", "Uranium-lead dating is usually performed on the mineral zircon ( ZrSiO4 ) , though it can be used on other minerals ." ]
[ "Uranium-lead ( U-Pb ) dating is one of the oldest and most refined of the radiometric dating schemes , with a routine age range of about 1 million years to over 4.5 billion years , and with routine precisions in the 0.1-1 percent range .", "Uranium-lead is one of the oldest and most refined of the radiometric da...
[ "The term U-Pb dating normally implies the coupled use of both decay schemes in the ` concordia diagram ' ( see below ) .", "The term ` U-Pb dating ' normally implies the coupled use of both decay schemes ." ]
[ "The University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) is a public research university located in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles , California , United States .", "The University of California , Los Angeles , or UCLA , is a university in Los Angeles , California ." ]
[ "The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the City and Diocese of Washington , operated under the more familiar name of Washington National Cathedral , is a cathedral of the Episcopal Church located in Washington , D.C. , the capital of the United States .", "The Washington National Cathedral is a ca...
[ "Of Neo-Gothic design closely modeled on English Gothic style of the late fourteenth century , it is the sixth-largest cathedral in the world , the second-largest in the United States , and the highest as well as the fourth-tallest structure in Washington , D.C. .", "Located in Washington , D.C. , the capital of ...
[ "Congress has designated the Washington National Cathedral as the `` National House of Prayer '' .", "Congress officially made it the non-denominational National House of Prayer ." ]
[ "On November 13 , Shih Liang-ts ` ai , its owner and editor-in-chief , was mysteriously assassinated on the Shanghai-Hangchow Highway '' ; responsibility for his murder has been laid at the feet of the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics , Chiang Kai-shek 's much-feared secret police .", "`` On November 13 , S...
[ "After 1905 , it increased its size to 20 pages .", "After 1905 , it increased its size to twenty pages ." ]
[ "In its early period , it had eight pages , with news , essays , and advertisements as well as imperial decrees and memorials .", "At first , the paper had eight pages , with news , essays , and advertisements as well as imperial decrees and memorials ." ]
[ "In May 1949 , when the People 's Liberation Army took Shanghai , the newspaper was shut down .", "In May 1949 , the People 's Liberation Army took Shanghai and shut down the newspaper was ." ]
[ "It was founded as a commercial newspaper , and politically it remained conservative for its first three decades , supporting the Qing government .", "Politically , it was conservative for the first three decades and supported the Qing government ." ]
[ "`` In the 1930s , Shi was a strong supporter of the Human Rights Defense Alliance established by Madam Soong Qing Ling , the second wife of revolutionary leader Dr Sun Yat-sen , with Cai Yuanpei and Lu Xun . ''", "Soong Qing Ling was the second wife of revolutionary leader Dr Sun Yat-sen , with Cai Yuanpei and L...
[ "Shen Bao played a pivotal role in the formation of public opinion in the late 19th century .", "Shen Bao played an important role and helped form public opinion at the end of the 19th century ." ]
[ "Founded by Ernest Major ( 1841-1908 ) , a British businessman , in 1872 , Shen Bao was one of the first modern Chinese newspapers .", "Shen Bao was one of the first modern Chinese newspapers ." ]
[ "Shen Bao , formerly transliterated as Shun Pao or Shen-pao ( Chinese : 申報 ; Pinyin : Shēn Bào ) , known in English as Shanghai News , was a newspaper published from April 30 , 1872 to May 27 , 1949 in Shanghai , China .", "Shen Bao ( Chinese : 申報 ; Pinyin : Shēn Bào ) was a newspaper published in Shanghai , Chin...
[ "The name is short for Shenjiang Xinbao , Shenjiang being a short form of Chunshen jiang , the old name for the Huangpu River .", "The name is short for Shenjiang Xinbao ." ]
[ "The newspaper `` innovated in printing technology , the use of the telegraph , the employment of a military correspondent ( sent to cover the Sino-French War in Vietnam in 1884 ) , and the use of the vernacular ( baihua ) '' ; it quickly established a reputation as one of the best in China , coming under Chinese o...
[ "( When Major returned to England in 1889 , the newspaper was reorganized as Major Company Limited . )", "Major returned to England in 1899 , and the newspaper was reorganised to be Major Company Limited ." ]
[ "On 15 February 1887 , the Order of the Indian Empire formally became `` The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire '' and was divided into two classes : Knights Commander and Companions , with the following first Knights Commander : However , on 21 June 1887 , a further proclamation regarding the Order was made ;...
[ "In 1886 , the Order was divided into the two classes of Knights Commander ( 50 at any given time ) and Companions ( no quota ) .", "In 1887 , the Order was divided into the two classes of Knights Commander ( 50 at any given time ) and Companions ( no quota ) ." ]
[ "At the time of foundation in 1878 the order had only one class , that of Companion , with no quota imposed .", "At the time of foundation in 1878 the order had only one class , that of Companion ." ]
[ "The Order includes members of three classes : No appointments have been made since 1947 , the year of the Partition of India .", "The Order includes members of three classes : No appointments have been made since 1947 , the year of Indian independence and the Partition of India ." ]
[ "The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis , ( Latin for `` Under the auspices of the Empress '' ) , a reference to Queen Victoria , the first Empress of India .", "The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis , ( Under the auspices of the Empress ) , a reference to Queen Victoria , the first Empress o...
[ "With the death of the last surviving knight , the Maharaja of Dhrangadhra , the order became dormant in 2010 .", "In 2010 the last surviving knight , The Maharaja of Dhrangadhra , died and the order became dormant ." ]
[ "Female princely rulers were , oddly , admitted as `` Knights '' rather than as `` Dames '' or `` Ladies '' .", "Female princely rulers were admitted as `` Knights '' rather than as `` Dames '' or `` Ladies '' ." ]
[ "The fictional characters Purun Dass ( invented by Rudyard Kipling ) and Harry Paget Flashman ( invented by George MacDonald Fraser ) each held a KCIE ; Kipling 's engineer Findlayson in The Day 's Work ( 1908 ) aspires to the CIE. The British Sovereign serves as the Sovereign of the Order .", "The fictional char...
[ "The Orders have never been formally abolished , and as of 2012 ( update ) Queen Elizabeth II remains the Sovereign of the Orders .", "The Orders have never been formally abolished , and Queen Elizabeth II remains the Sovereign of the Orders to this day ." ]
[ "The Order originally had only one class ( Companion ) , but expanded to comprise two classes in 1887 .", "The Order originally had only one class ( Companion ) , but a second class , Knights Commander , was added in 1887 ." ]
[ "Seven Knights Grand Commander were created , namely : Appointments to both Orders ceased after 14 August 1947 .", "Appointments to both Orders stopped after 14 August 1947 ." ]
[ "On 10 August 1895 , the first of the Queen 's Hall Promenade Concerts took place .", "On 10 August 1895 the first Promenade concert was given with Henry Wood conducting ." ]
[ "Concerts continued in London at the Royal Albert Hall and other venues .", "The Proms continued in the Royal Albert Hall ." ]
[ "On 14 January 1896 , the UK 's first public film show was presented at the Queen 's Hall to members and wives of the Royal Photographic Society by the maker of the Kineopticon and Fellow of the society , Birt Acres , and his colleague , Arthur Melbourne-Cooper .", "On January 14 , 1896 , the first public movie s...
[ "For the hall in Edinburgh see Queen 's Hall , Edinburgh .", "The Queen 's Hall was a concert hall in Central London , England ." ]
[ "Ravenscroft commissioned the architect Thomas Edward Knightley to design the new hall .", "The architect who designed the hall was Thomas Edward Knightley ." ]
[ "The Queen 's Hall first opened its doors on 25 November 1893 .", "The first time The Queen 's Hall was used was on 25 November 1893 when Newman gave a children 's party in the afternoon ." ]
[ "The name of the new building was intended to be either `` The Victoria Concert Hall '' or `` The Queen 's Concert Hall '' .", "The Queen 's Hall was built because London needed a new concert hall in the center of the town ." ]
[ "From 1895 until 1941 , it was the home of the promenade concerts ( `` The Proms '' ) founded by Robert Newman together with Henry Wood .", "It is best known for being where the Promenade Concerts were started by Robert Newman in 1895 ." ]
[ "Template pages have associated talk pages .", "A simple technique is to include an example on the template page ." ]
[ "The 65th British Academy Film Awards , more commonly known as the BAFTAs , were held on 12 February 2012 at the Royal Opera House in London , honoring the best national and foreign films of 2011 .", "The 65th British Academy Film Awards , more commonly called the BAFTAs , were held on 12 February 2012 at the Roy...
[ "On August 20 , 1902 , President Theodore Roosevelt established the Alexander Archipelago Forest Reserve , which formed the heart of the Tongass National Forest that covers most of the region .", "On August 20 , 1902 , President Theodore Roosevelt opened the Alexander Archipelago Forest Reserve , which became the...
[ "The largest islands are , from North to South , Chichagof Island , Admiralty Island , Baranof Island , Kupreanof Island , Revillagigedo Island and Prince of Wales Island .", "The largest islands are , Chichagof Island , Admiralty Island , Baranof Island , and Prince of Wales Island ." ]
[ "The Alaska Marine Highway passes through this region .", "The Alaska Marine Highway passes through Southeast Alaska ." ]
[ "The majority of Southeast Alaska 's area is part of the Tongass National Forest , the United States ' largest national forest .", "A lot of the panhandle is part of the Tongass National Forest , which is the biggest national forest in the United States ." ]
[ "Major cities are Juneau , Ketchikan , and Sitka .", "The big cities in Southeast Alaska are Juneau , Ketchikan , and Sitka ." ]
[ "Southeast Alaska , sometimes referred to as the Alaska Panhandle , is the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Alaska , which lies west from the northern half of the Canadian province , British Columbia .", "Southeast Alaska , sometimes called the Alaska Panhandle is the southeastern portion of the U.S. sta...
[ "Although it has only 6.14 percent of Alaska 's land area , it is larger than the state of Maine , and almost as large as the state of Indiana .", "This is only 6.14 % of Alaska 's land area , but the Panhandle is bigger than Maine , and almost as big as the state of Indiana ." ]
[ "Southeast Alaska is a temperate rain forest within the Pacific temperate rain forest zone , as classified by the World Wildlife Fund 's ecoregion system , which extends from northern California to Prince William Sound .", "Southeast Alaska is a rain forest within what is called the Pacific temperate rain forest ...
[ "The region is noted for its scenery and mild rainy climate .", "This part of Alaska is known for its mild rainy climate and beautiful scenery ." ]
[ "Southeast Alaska is the northern terminus of the Inside Passage , a protected waterway of convoluted passages between islands and fjords , beginning in Puget Sound in Washington state .", "Southeast Alaska is the end of the Inside Passage ." ]
[ "The most common tree species are sitka spruce and western hemlock .", "The most common trees are evergreens called the sitka spruce and the western hemlock ." ]