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[ "Originally proposed in 1899 by German physicist Max Planck , these units are also known as natural units because the origin of their definition comes only from properties of the fundamental physical theories and not from interchangeable experimental parameters .", "They are also known as natural units because th...
[ "In physics , Planck units are physical units of measurement defined exclusively in terms of five universal physical constants listed below , in such a manner that these five physical constants take on the numerical value of 1 when expressed in terms of these units .", "When Planck units are used to express any o...
[ "The Planck units are based on the quantum of action , now usually known as Planck 's constant .", "The definition of the five base Planck units are based only on five physical constants found in nature ." ]
[ "The Pirelli Calendar is a trade calendar published by the Pirelli company 's UK subsidiary .", "The Pirelli Calendar is a calendar ( publication showing dates for the year ) published by Pirelli company 's UK subsidiary ." ]
[ "Over the years , the models and celebrities who have appeared in it include Sienna Miller , Naomi Campbell , Valeria Mazza , Eva Riccobono , Malgosia Bela , Gisele Bündchen , Emanuela de Paula , Sonny Freeman Drane , Kate Moss , Cindy Crawford , Selma Blair , Lauren Bush , Elsa Benitez , Laetitia Casta , Rachael L...
[ "It was resurrected 10 years later and has been published regularly since then .", "Ten years later it was started again and has been published regularly ever since ." ]
[ "Though he never again served in a government , Sir Austen Chamberlain survived in good health until March 1937 , dying just ten weeks before his half-brother Neville Chamberlain became the first and only member of the Chamberlain dynasty to become Prime Minister .", "Austen Chamberlain died on 17 March 1937 , sh...
[ "Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain KG ( 16 October 1863 - 17 March 1937 ) was a British statesman , recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize , and half-brother of Neville Chamberlain .", "Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain , KG ( 16 October 1863 - 17 March 1937 ) was a British politician ." ]
[ "He was first elected to parliament as a member of his father 's own Liberal Unionist Party in 1892 , sitting for the seat of East Worcestershire .", "In 1892 , Chamberlain became a Member of Parliament for Worcestershire , as a member of his father 's party , the Liberal Unionist Party ." ]
[ "Austen was educated first at Rugby School , before passing on to Trinity College , Cambridge .", "Austen went to Rugby school , a famous private school , and then studied at the University of Cambridge ." ]
[ "The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck is a comic book story by Don Rosa about Scrooge McDuck .", "The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck is a comic book painted and written by Don Rosa ." ]
[ "The process of finding a derivative is called differentiation .", "This process of working out a slope using limits is called differentiation , or finding the derivative ." ]
[ "Differential calculus and integral calculus are connected by the fundamental theorem of calculus , which states that differentiation is the reverse process to integration .", "Differential calculus is the opposite of integral calculus ." ]
[ "If the surface is a plane , then the shortest curve is a line .", "But if the curve was to be cut into very , very small pieces , the curve at the point would look almost like a very short straight line ." ]
[ "Joseph Chamberlain ( 8 July 1836 - 2 July 1914 ) was a British politician and statesman .", "Joseph Chamberlain ( 8 July 1836 - 2 July 1914 ) , was an important businessman and a politician ." ]
[ "In November 1869 , he was elected to the Birmingham Council for St. Paul 's ward .", "In November 1869 , he became a member of Birmingham City Council ." ]
[ "In this job , he presided over the Second Boer War and was the dominant figure in the Unionist Government 's re-election at the `` Khaki Election '' in 1900 .", "This was the start of the Second Boer War ." ]
[ "Her age was reported as 23 in September 2012 , a time when she was nearing graduation from Texas State University majoring in communication studies .", "Her age was reported as 23 in September 2012 , a time when she was near to finishing college from Texas State University majoring in communication studies ." ]
[ "Involved medical researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center have expressed the opinion that it may be a form of neonatal progeroid syndrome , which at least has spared her healthy bones , organs , and teeth .", "Doctors and experts at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ha...
[ "She is blind in her right eye , which began to cloud over when she was four years of age , and has limited vision in the other .", "She is blind in her right eye , and has limited vision in the left eye ." ]
[ "Her condition is similar to many other conditions , especially progeria .", "Her condition is like some others , especially progeria ." ]
[ "Born four weeks prematurely , her birth weight was only 2 pounds 11 ounces ( 1,219 grams ) .", "Her birth weight was only 2 pounds 10 ounces ." ]
[ "She has zero percent body fat and has never weighed more than 64 pounds ( 29 kg ) .", "She has no body fat , and weighs only 61 pounds ." ]
[ "Velazquez has a condition that is so rare that only two other people are known to have it .", "Only two other people are known to have the condition she is living with ." ]
[ "Over the last 10 years , however , Glasgow and Scotland had staged World , Commonwealth , European , or British events in all 17 sports proposed for the 2014 Commonwealth Games , including the World Badminton Championships in 1997 .", "Over the last 10 years , however , Glasgow and Scotland have also staged Worl...
[ "In October 2006 , the first voting delegates arrived in Glasgow , to inspect the city 's existing and proposed amenities and facilities .", "In October 2006 , the first voting delegates arrived in Glasgow , in order to inspect the city 's existing and proposed amenities and facilities ." ]
[ "Europeans came to the western desert area of Australia in the 1870s .", "Europeans came to the Western Desert of Australia in the 1870s ." ]
[ "The Aboriginal Land Rights ( Northern Territory ) Act was passed in 1976 , meaning that after many years Aboriginal law and land rights were finally recognized in Australian law .", "In 1976 , the Aboriginal Land Rights Act was passed for the Northern Territory ." ]
[ "Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park is the location of a world-renowned sandstone monolith , which stands 348 metres in height and bears various inscriptions made by ancestral indigenous peoples , located in Northern Territory of Australia .", "Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park is a national park of Australia ." ]
[ "500 million years ago , the entire area was covered by an inland sea and over many centuries , sand and mud fell to the bottom of the sea , creating rock and sandstone .", "Over many hundreds of years , sand and mud fell to the bottom of the sea , covering the alluvial deposit ." ]
[ "By 1959 the first motel leases had been granted and Eddie Connellan had constructed an airstrip close to the northern side of Uluru .", "Connellan built their airstrip close to the northern side of Uluṟu in 1959 ." ]
[ "The Battle of Leyte Gulf , also called the Battles for Leyte Gulf , and formerly known as the Second Battle of the Philippine Sea , is generally considered to be the largest naval battle of World War II and , by some criteria , possibly the largest naval battle in history .", "The Battle of Leyte Gulf , was the ...
[ "The Battle of Surigao Strait was one of the only two battleship-against-battleship surface battles in the entire Pacific campaign of World War II ( the other being the naval battle during the Guadalcanal Campaign ) and was the last battleship-versus-battleship action in history .", "The battle was the last big n...
[ "James ' emblem was the scallop shell ( or `` cockle shell '' ) , and pilgrims to his shrine often wore that symbol on their hats or clothes .", "James 's emblem was the scallop shell ( or `` cockle shell '' ) , and pilgrims to his shrine often wore that symbol on their hats or clothes ." ]
[ "She appeared upon a pillar , Nuestra Señora del Pilar , and that pillar is conserved and venerated within the present Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar , in Zaragoza , Spain .", "She supposedly appeared upon a pillar , Nuestra Señora del Pilar , and that pillar is conserved and venerated within the present Basi...
[ "The translation of his relics from Judea to Galicia in the northwest of Iberia was affected , in legend , by a series of miraculous happenings : decapitated in Jerusalem with a sword by Herod Agrippa himself , his body was taken up by angels , and sailed in a rudderless , unattended boat to Iria Flavia in Iberia ,...
[ "Following that apparition , St. James returned to Judea , where he was beheaded by King Herod Agrippa I in the year 44 .", "Following that apparition , St James returned to Judea , where he was beheaded by King Herod Agrippa I in the year 44 ." ]
[ "According to ancient local tradition , on 2 January AD 40 , the Virgin Mary appeared to James on the bank of the Ebro River at Caesaraugusta , while he was preaching the Gospel in Iberia .", "According to ancient local tradition , on 2 January of the year AD 40 , the Virgin Mary appeared to James on the bank of ...
[ "Two propositions are central to it : first , that St. James preached the gospel in Iberia as well as in the Holy Land ; second , that after his martyrdom at the hands of Herod Agrippa his disciples carried his body by sea to Iberia , where they landed at Padrón on the coast of Galicia , and took it inland for buri...
[ "James is described as one of the first disciples to join Jesus .", "James is described as one of the first disciples who joined Jesus ." ]
[ "He was a son of Zebedee and Salome , and brother of John the Apostle .", "He was the son of Zebedee and Salome and brother of John the Evangelist ." ]
[ "The authenticity of the relics at Compostela was asserted in the Bull of Pope Leo XIII , Omnipotens Deus , of 1 November 1884 .", "The authenticity of the sacred relics of Compostela was asserted in the Bull of Pope Leo XIII , `` Omnipotens Deus , '' of 1 November 1884 ." ]
[ "The Way of St. James is a tree of routes that cross Western Europe and arrive at Santiago through Northern Spain .", "St James 's Way is a tree of routes that cross Western Europe and arrive at Santiago through Northern Spain ." ]
[ "The Synoptic Gospels state that James and John were with their father by the seashore when Jesus called them to follow him .", "The Synoptic Gospels tell that James and John were with their father by the seashore when Jesus called them to begin traveling ( Mt. 4:21 -22 , Mk .1:19 -20 ) ." ]
[ "The 12th-century Historia Compostellana commissioned by bishop Diego Gelmírez provides a summary of the legend of St. James as it was believed at Compostela .", "The 12th-century Historia Compostellana gives a summary of the legend of St James as it was believed at Compostela ." ]
[ "He is , thus , traditionally believed to be the first of the twelve apostles martyred for his faith .", "He was likely the first of the apostles martyred for his faith ." ]
[ "He is also called James the Greater or James the Great to distinguish him from James , son of Alphaeus .", "He is called Saint James the Greater to distinguish ( mark as different ) him from the other apostle named James ( James , son of Alphaeus ) ." ]
[ "( Lk 9:51 -6 ) The Acts of the Apostles records that `` Herod the king '' ( traditionally identified with Herod Agrippa ) had James executed by sword .", "Acts of the Apostles 12:1 -2 records that King Herod had James executed by sword ( Ac .12:1 -2 ) ." ]
[ "Ankylosaurids have been found in western North America , Europe and East Asia , though good specimens are rare ; most are known only from bone fragments .", "They have been found in western North America , Europe and East Asia ." ]
[ "A rare explosive form of antimony can be formed from the electrolysis of antimony trichloride .", "There is another explosive form of antimony that is made by electrolysis of antimony trichloride ." ]
[ "Metallic antimony is a brittle , silver-white shiny metal .", "Antimony is a chemical element ." ]
[ "Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb ( from Latin : stibium ) and atomic number 51 .", "The symbol Sb is from the Latin name of ` stibium ' for the element ." ]
[ "The name ( simplified Chinese : 人民币 ; traditional Chinese : 人民幣 ; pinyin : rénmínbì ) literally means `` people 's currency '' .", "Its name means `` people 's currency '' ( simplified Chinese : 人民币 ; traditional Chinese : 人民幣 ; pinyin : rénmínbì ) ." ]
[ "Thus some denominations exist in both coins and banknotes .", "Therefore , some denominations exist in both coin and banknote form ." ]
[ "One yuan is subdivided into 10 jiǎo ( 角 ) , and a jiǎo in turn is subdivided into 10 fēn ( 分 ) .", "One jiǎo is subdivided into 10 fēn ( 分 ) ." ]
[ "Coins are available in denominations from 1 fen to 1 yuan ( ¥ 0.01-1 ) .", "Coins have denominations from 1 fen to 1 yuan ( ¥ 0.01-1 ) ." ]
[ "Renminbi is sometimes accepted in Hong Kong and Macau , and are easily exchanged in the two territories , with banks in Hong Kong allowing people to maintain accounts in RMB .", "It is also sometimes accepted in Hong Kong and Macau , and can be easily exchanged in those territories ." ]
[ "As of 2013 , renminbi banknotes are available in denominations from ¥ 0.1 , ¥ 0.2 , ¥ 0.5 ( 1 , 2 , and 5 jiao ) , ¥ 1 , ¥ 2 , ¥ 3 , ¥ 5 , ¥ 10 , ¥ 20 , ¥ 50 , and ¥ 100 yuan .", "Renminbi banknotes are available in denominations from 1 jiao to 100 yuan ( ¥ 0.1-100 ) ." ]
[ "Coins under ¥ 0.1 are used infrequently .", "Coins under ¥ 0.1 are rarely used ." ]
[ "Though not particularly known as high altitude animals , bison in the Yellowstone Park bison herd are frequently found at elevations above 8,000 feet and the Henry Mountains bison herd is found on the plains around the Henry Mountains , Utah , as well as in mountain valleys of the Henry Mountains to an altitude of...
[ "Typical habitat is open or semi-open grasslands , as well as sagebrush , semi-arid lands and scrublands .", "Typical habitat is open or semi-open grassland , as well as sagebrush , semi-arid lands and scrublands ." ]
[ "Some lightly wooded areas are also known historically to have supported bison .", "Some lightly wooded areas were known to have supported bison ." ]
[ "The American species has 15 ribs , while the European bison has 14 .", "Adult bison usually have one or two baby bison ." ]
[ "The song won the Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 2002 Grammy Awards .", "The song also won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals ." ]
[ "It was written and composed by band member Beyoncé , Anthony Dent , and Mathew Knowles for the band 's third studio album of the same name ( 2001 ) .", "`` Survivor , '' Destiny 's Child 's signature song , is an R&B song written by American singer-songwriter Beyoncé Knowles , Anthony Dent , and Mathew Knowles f...
[ "In 1988 , he was the Democratic nominee for President , but lost to the Republican candidate , then-Vice President , George H. W. Bush .", "In 1988 , he was the Democratic nominee for President , but lost to Republican then-Vice President , George H. W. Bush ." ]
[ "Michael Stanley Dukakis ( \\ / dʉˈkɑːkɨs \\ / ; born November 3 , 1933 ; Greek : Μιχαήλ Δουκάκης ) served as the 65th and 67th Governor of Massachusetts , from 1975 to 1979 and 1983 to 1991 respectively .", "Michael Stanley Dukakis ( Greek : Μιχαήλ Δούκάκῆς , born November 3 , 1933 ) served as the 65th and 67th ...
[ "He is the longest-serving Governor in Massachusetts history and only the second Greek American Governor in U.S. history , after Spiro Agnew .", "He is the longest-serving Governor in Massachusetts and only the second Greek-American governor in United States history , after Spiro Agnew ." ]
[ "Since the Middle Ages people have cultivated rye widely in Central and Eastern Europe .", "Since the Middle Ages , rye has been used widely in Central and Eastern Europe ." ]
[ "Rye is used to make alcoholic drinks , like rye whiskey and rye beer .", "It is used to make flour , food for animals , and many types of alcoholic drinks ." ]
[ "H. L. Mencken said that `` A dachshund is a half-dog high and a dog-and-a-half long , '' although they have been referred to as `` two dogs long '' .", "The writer H. L. Mencken said that `` A dachshund is a half-dog high and a dog-and-a-half long . ''" ]
[ "Because of their long , narrow build , they are often nicknamed wiener dog or sausage dog .", "A dachshund has a long , narrow body , so it is sometimes called a wiener dog , hot dog , or sausage dog ." ]
[ "Part of the controversy is because the dachshund is the only certifiable breed of dog to hunt both above and below ground .", "The dachshund is a breed of dog ." ]
[ "Although `` dachshund '' is a German word , in modern German they are more commonly known by the name Dackel or , among hunters , Teckel .", "( In German , dachshunds are called Dackel or Teckel . )" ]
[ "Dachshunds can have a blue and a brown eye .", "There are solid black and solid chocolate-brown dachshunds ." ]
[ "The dominant color is red , the most common along with black and tan .", "The colors that are most common are red ( a brown color that looks a little reddish ) and black-and-tan ( black body with brown parts ) ." ]
[ "Composed of flour , water , salt , boric acid , and mineral oil , the product was first manufactured in Cincinnati , Ohio , U.S. , as a wallpaper cleaner in the 1930s .", "It was first manufactured in Cincinnati , Ohio , U.S. , as a wallpaper cleaner in the 1930s ." ]
[ "When a classroom of children began using the wallpaper cleaner as a modeling compound , the product was reworked and marketed to Cincinnati schools in the mid-1950s .", "Children began using the wallpaper cleaner as a modeling compound ." ]
[ "Play-Doh was demonstrated at an educational convention in 1956 and prominent department stores opened retail accounts .", "Play-Doh was introduced at an educational convention in 1956 ." ]
[ "Play-Doh is a modeling compound used by young children for art and craft projects at home and in school .", "Play-Doh is a children 's modeling compound ." ]
[ "There are three styles of gloves worn by ice hockey players .", "There are three types of gloves worn by ice hockey players ." ]
[ "National Hockey League rules limit the perimeter of the catching glove to forty-five inches and the widest part of the glove may not exceed eighteen inches .", "NHL rules limit the perimeter of the catching glove to forty-five inches and the widest part of the glove may not exceed eighteen inches ." ]
[ "On the other hand , often called the `` glove hand '' , the goaltender wears a catching glove called a trapper , which is similar to a baseball glove .", "On the other hand , often called the `` glove hand '' , the goaltender wears a catching glove , similar to a baseball glove ." ]
[ "Skaters golves help prevent the hands getting bruised and battered and stops them from getting burns from the ice Goaltenders wear a different type of glove on each hand .", "Goaltenders wear a different type of glove on each hand ." ]
[ "The goaltender uses this blocker to deflect shots .", "The goaltender uses this glove to stop shots ." ]
[ "Xavier Rudd is an Australian singer , songwriter and multi-instrumentalist .", "Xavier Rudd ( born 1978 ) is an Australian musician ." ]
[ "His fan base is particularly strong in Australia and in Canada , where he has recorded several albums and performed live shows .", "He has many fans in Australia , his home , as well as Canada , where he has recorded a few live albums ." ]
[ "He is well known on the music festival circuit for playing at musical festivals and concerts in Australia , North America and throughout Europe .", "Rudd is known for playing at music festivals and concerts in Australia and in North America ." ]
[ "When prey ( plants ) are numerous their predators ( herbivores ) increase in numbers , reducing the prey population , which in turn causes predator number to decline .", "When prey ( plants ) are numerous their predators ( herbivores ) increase in numbers , reducing the plant population , which in turn causes he...
[ "Eating a second prey type helps herbivores ' populations stabilize .", "Eating a second plant type helps herbivores ' populations stabilize ." ]
[ "This stabilizing dynamic plays an especially important role for specialist herbivores that feed on one species of plant and prevents these specialists from wiping out their food source .", "This is important for specialist herbivores which feed on only one species of plant : it prevents these specialists from wi...
[ "When an invasive herbivore or plant enters the system , the balance is thrown off and the diversity can collapse to a monotaxon system .", "When an invasive herbivore or plant enters the system , the balance is thrown off and the diversity can change or even collapse ." ]
[ "For example , spatial heterogeneity is maintained , which means there will always be pockets of plants not found by herbivores .", "There will always be pockets of plants not found by herbivores ." ]
[ "Noble Energy , Inc. of Houston , Texas , United States is the modern name of Noble Affiliates Inc. , by which it was known through the 1990s , and it is now an oil and natural gas exploration and production company with almost US$ 3 billion in revenue at # 660 on the 2007 Fortune 1000 list of the largest American ...
[ "In South America , the company operates in Argentina and Nicaragua .", "In South America , the company operates in Argentina and Ecuador ." ]
[ "In 1985 , Noble Affiliates spun off its subsidiary Noble Drilling Corporation to shareholders , and that company in turn went public by the early 1990s , and then became Noble Corporation , an S&P 500 company .", "In 1985 , Noble Affiliates started its subsidiary Noble Drilling Corporation ( NYSE : NE ) to share...
[ "In Africa , Noble Energy operates in Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon .", "In Africa , Noble Energy operates in Equatorial Guinea ." ]
[ "It operates in the Mediterranean Sea , in Israel and Cyprus .", "And in Eurasia , it operates in the Mediterranean Sea , the North Sea and China ." ]
[ "She is a second daughter of the first democratically elected mayor of Saint Petersburg Anatoly Sobchak and Lyudmila Narusova , a Russian politician .", "She is the only child of politicians Anatoly Sobchak ( 1937-2000 ) and Lyudmila Narusova ( b. 1951 ) ." ]
[ "Kseniya Anatolyevna Sobchak ( Russian : Ксе́ния Анато́льевна Собча́к ) , born November 5 , 1981 is a Russian TV anchor , journalist , socialite , and member of political opposition .", "Ksenia Anatolyevna Sobchak ( Russian : Ксе́ния Анато́льевна Собча́к ; born on November 5 , 1981 ) is a Russian television prese...