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[ "Maps of Japan and Noto Province were reformed in the 1870s when the prefecture system was introduced .", "The maps of Japan and Noto Province were reformed in the 1870s ." ]
[ "The notochord is a flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates .", "The notochord is a flexible , rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates ." ]
[ "Notochords were advantageous to primitive fish-ancestors because they were a rigid structure for muscle attachment , yet flexible enough to allow more movement than , for example , the exoskeleton of the dominant animals of that time .", "Notochords were advantageous to primitive fish-ancestors : they were a rig...
[ "The player may move in all directions while facing in a separate one , similar to the way a first-person shooter is controlled , and similar to the shareware PC shooter `` Crimsonland '' .", "The player may move in all directions while facing in a different one , similar to the way a first-person shooter is cont...
[ "It is at version 1.345 and developed by independent Finnish programmer Ville Mönkkönen .", "It is at version 1.341 . `` Notrium '' was developed by independent Finnish programmer Ville Mönkkönen ." ]
[ "The City is now administratively independent , but suburbs including Arnold , Carlton , West Bridgford , Beeston and Stapleford are still within the administrative county , and West Bridgford is now home of the county council .", "The City is now administratively independent , but suburbs including Arnold , Carl...
[ "The Nottoway River is in southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina .", "The Nottoway River is a river in southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina ." ]
[ "A church was founded in 860 by Liudger , as well as the first convent in Westphalia .", "A church was founded in 860 by Ludger Liudger , as well as the first monastery in Westphalia ." ]
[ "Although Islam is the state religion in Mauritania , Nouakchott includes the Catholic Cathedral of St. Joseph .", "Although Islam is the state religion in Mauritania , Nouakchott includes the Cathedral of St. Joseph , a Catholic cathedral ." ]
[ "Other major streets are named ( in French ) for notable Mauritanian or international figures of the 1960s : Avenue Abdel Nasser , Avenue Charles de Gaulle , Avenue Kennedy , and Avenue Lumumba , for example .", "Other major streets are named ( in French ) for notable Mauritanian people , or international people ...
[ "Proper nouns and common nouns .", "Proper nouns ." ]
[ "Morceli was coached by his brother Abderrahmane who ran for Algeria in the Moscow Olympics of 1980 and in Los Angeles in 1984 .", "Morceli was coached by his brother Abderrahmane . His brother ran for Algeria in the Moscow Olympics of 1980 and in Los Angeles in 1984 ." ]
[ "Nouria Merah-Benida ( ) ( born October 19 , 1970 in Algiers ) is a former Algerian middle distance runner .", "Nouria Mérah-Benida ( born October 19 , 1970 in Algiers ) is an Algerian middle distance runner ." ]
[ "At the 1999 All-Africa Games in Johannesburg Merah-Benida won silver medals in both 800 metres and 1500 metres .", "At the 1999 All-Africa Games in Johannesburg Mérah-Benida won silver medals in both 800 metres and 1500 metres ." ]
[ "The same year she won an 800 m silver medal and a 1500 m gold medal at the African Championships .", "In 2000 she also won an 800 m silver medal and a 1500 m gold medal at the African Championships ." ]
[ "Nousiainen ( ; ) is a municipality of Finland .", "Nousiainen is a municipality in Southwest Finland ." ]
[ "Nouvelle-Église is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .", "Nouvelle-Église is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France ." ]
[ "In spite of their violence , the amount of material ejected in novae is usually only about of a solar mass , quite small relative to the mass of the white dwarf .", "In spite of their violence , the amount of material ejected in novae is usually only about 1⁄10 ,000 of a solar mass , quite small relative to the ...
[ "Furthermore , only five percent of the accreted mass is fused during the power outburst .", "Only five percent of the accreted mass is fused during the power outburst ." ]
[ "A nova ( plural `` novae '' or `` novas '' ) is a cataclysmic nuclear explosion on a white dwarf , which causes a sudden brightening of the star .", "A nova ( plural `` novae '' or `` novas '' ) is a huge nuclear explosion on a white dwarf star . It causes a sudden brightening of the star ." ]
[ "Nonetheless , this is enough energy to accelerate nova ejecta to velocities as high as several thousand kilometers per second -- higher for fast novae than slow ones -- with a concurrent rise in luminosity from a few times solar to 50,000 -- 100,000 times solar .", "This is enough energy to accelerate nova eject...
[ "Occasionally a nova is bright enough and close enough to be conspicuous to the unaided eye .", "Occasionally a nova is bright enough and close enough to be seen by the unaided eye ." ]
[ "Novae are not to be confused with other brightening phenomena such as supernovae or luminous red novae .", "Novae are not to be confused with other brightening phenomena such as supernovae ." ]
[ "It was released as the lead single from his mixtape `` Nostalgia , Ultra '' .", "It is from his mixtape `` Nostalgia , Ultra '' ." ]
[ "Novaggio is a municipality in the district of Lugano , in the canton of Ticino , Switzerland .", "Novaggio is a municipality of the district Lugano , in the canton of Ticino , Switzerland ." ]
[ "Novalis ( ) was the pseudonym of Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg ( May 2 , 1772 -- March 25 , 1801 ) , a poet , author , and philosopher of early German Romanticism .", "Novalis is the pseudonym of Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg ( May 2 , 1772 - March 25 , 1801 ) , who was a writ...
[ "History . The Russians knew of Novaya Zemlya from the 11th century , when hunters from Novgorod visited the area .", "2622 of them live in the capital `` Belushya Guba '' ( on the south island ) The Russians knew of Novaya Zemlya from the 11th century , when hunters from Novgorod visited the area ." ]
[ "Novazzano is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .", "Novazzano is a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland ." ]
[ "November to Remember 1999 took place on November 7 , 1999 from the Burt Flickinger Center in Buffalo , New York .", "November to Remember 1999 took place on November 7 , 1999 at the Burt Flickinger Center in Buffalo , New York ." ]
[ "November to Remember 1998 took place on November 1 , 1998 from the Lakefront Arena in New Orleans , Louisiana .", "November to Remember 1998 took place on November 1 , 1998 at the Lakefront Arena in New Orleans , Louisiana ." ]
[ "November to Remember 1997 took place on November 30 , 1997 from the Golden Dome in Monaca , Pennsylvania .", "November to Remember 1997 took place on November 30 , 1997 at the Golden Dome in Monaca , Pennsylvania ." ]
[ "November to Remember 1996 took place on November 16 , 1996 in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , US .", "November to Remember 1996 took place on November 16 , 1996 at the ECW Arena in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ." ]
[ "November to Remember 1993 was a live event that took place on November 13 , 1993 in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , US .", "November to Remember 1993 took place on November 13 , 1993 at the ECW Arena in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ." ]
[ "November to Remember 1994 was a live event that took place on November 5 , 1994 in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , US .", "November to Remember 1994 took place on November 5 , 1994 at the ECW Arena in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ." ]
[ "November to Remember 1995 was a live event that took place on November 18 , 1995 in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , US .", "November to Remember 1995 took place on November 18 , 1995 at the ECW Arena in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ." ]
[ "The city stands on the banks of the Ob River in the West Siberian Plain .", "The city lies along the Ob River in the West Siberian Plain ." ]
[ "The screenplay by Casey Robinson is based on the 1941 novel of the same name by Olive Higgins Prouty .", "The screenplay is based on the book of the same name from 1941 by Olive Higgins Prouty ." ]
[ "Now , Voyager is a 1942 American drama film starring Bette Davis , Paul Henreid , and Claude Rains , and directed by Irving Rapper .", "Now , Voyager is a movie from 1942 . It stars Bette Davis , Paul Henreid , and Claude Rains ." ]
[ "Nowy Dwór Królewski ) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie , within Chełmno County , Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship , in north-central Poland .", "Nowy Dwór Królewski is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Papowo Biskupie , within Chełmno County , Kuyavian-Pomerania...
[ "Noyelle-Vion is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .", "Noyelle-Vion is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France ." ]
[ "Noyelles-Godault is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .", "Noyelles-Godault is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France ." ]
[ "Noyelles-lès-Humières is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .", "Noyelles-lès-Humières is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France ." ]
[ "Noyelles-lès-Vermelles is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .", "Noyelles-lès-Vermelles is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France ." ]
[ "Noyelles-sous-Bellonne is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .", "Noyelles-sous-Bellonne is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France ." ]
[ "Noyelles-sous-Lens is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France .", "Noyelles-sous-Lens is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France ." ]
[ "Noyellette is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .", "Noyellette is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France ." ]
[ "Nozières is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France .", "Nozières is a commune in the Ardèche `` département '' in southern France ." ]
[ "Nozomu Kato ( born 7 October 1969 in Miyagi prefecture ) is a former Japanese football player .", "Nozomu Kato ( born 7 October 1969 ) is a former Japanese football player ." ]
[ "The record label was founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger in Germany .", "Nuclear Blast is a record label . It was founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger in Germany ." ]
[ "This double helix structure was first described by Francis Crick and James D. Watson ( 1953 ) using data collected by Rosalind Franklin .", "This double helix structure was first described by Francis Crick and James D. Watson in 1953 ." ]
[ "In 1989 , two multinational corporations and several government agencies put forward a proposal for the waste dump and offered payment of $ 3 million per year for 40 years .", "In 1989 , two multinational corporations and several government agencies put forward a proposal for the waste dump and offered payment o...
[ "Nuclear Nebraska : The Remarkable Story of the Little County That Could n't Be Bought is a 2007 book by Susan Cragin which follows the controversy about a proposed low level nuclear waste dump which was planned for Boyd County , Nebraska .", "Nuclear Nebraska : The Remarkable Story of the Little County That Coul...
[ "However , the residents of the Boyd County farming community chose to resist the offer and controversy followed for almost two decades .", "However , the residents of the largely uneducated Boyd County farming community chose to resist the offer and controversy followed for almost two decades ." ]
[ "Countries such as Australia , Austria , Denmark , Greece , Ireland , Luxembourg , Portugal , New Zealand , and Norway remain opposed to nuclear power .", "Countries such as Australia , Austria , Denmark , Greece , Ireland , Luxembourg , Portugal , Israel , Malaysia , New Zealand , North Korea , and Norway remain...
[ "Countries such as Australia , Austria , Denmark , Greece , Ireland , Latvia , Liechtenstein , Luxembourg , Portugal , Israel , Malaysia , New Zealand , and Norway remain opposed to nuclear power .", "As of 2013 , countries such as Australia , Austria , Denmark , Greece , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Lichtenstein ,...
[ "Following the March 2011 Fukushima I nuclear accidents , China , Germany , Switzerland , Israel , Malaysia , Thailand , United Kingdom , and the Philippines are reviewing their nuclear power programs .", "After the 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant , China , Germany , Switzerland , Israe...
[ "These people are often referred to as the Atomic Spies , and their work continued into the early Cold War .", "These people are often called the Atomic Spies , and their work continued into the early Cold War ." ]
[ "On February 5 , 2004 , the president of Pakistan , General Pervez Musharraf , announced that he had pardoned Khan .", "On February 5 , 2004 , the president of Pakistan , General Pervez Musharraf , said that he had pardoned Khan ." ]
[ "Pakistan 's government claims they had no part in the espionage , but refuses to turn Khan over for questioning by the International Atomic Energy Agency .", "Pakistan 's government says that they had no part in the espionage , but refuses to turn Khan over for questioning by the International Atomic Energy Agen...
[ "No other arrests regarding the theft of the nuclear designs have been made .", "No other arrests from the theft of the nuclear designs have been made ." ]
[ "Other people and groups arrested or fined were scientist Peter Lee ( no relation ) , who was arrested for allegedly giving submarine radar secrets to China , and Loral Space & Communications and Hughes Electronics who gave China missile secrets .", "Other people and groups arrested or fined were scientist Peter ...
[ "The investigations described in the report eventually led to the arrest of Wen Ho Lee , a scientist at Los Alamos , initially accused of giving weapons information to the PRC .", "The investigations described in the report eventually led to the arrest of Wen Ho Lee , a scientist at Los Alamos , who was at first ...
[ "Khan had previously been indicated as having taken gas centrifuge designs from a uranium enrichment company in the Netherlands ( URENCO ) which he used to jump-start Pakistan 's own nuclear weapons program .", "Khan had previously been said to have taken gas centrifuge designs from a uranium enrichment company i...
[ "According to the report , the PRC had `` stolen classified information on all of the United States ' most advanced thermonuclear warheads '' since the 1970s , including the design of advanced miniaturized thermonuclear warheads ( which can be used on MIRV weapons ) , the neutron bomb , and `` weapons codes '' whic...
[ "In January 2004 , Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan confessed to selling restricted technology to Libya , Iran , and North Korea .", "In January 2004 , Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan , a Pakistani nuclear scientist , admitted selling restricted nuclear weapons technology to Libya , Iran , and North Korea ." ]
[ "The observation of such magnetic resonance frequencies of the nuclei present in a molecule allows any trained user to discover essential chemical and structural information about the molecule .", "The observation of such magnetic resonance frequencies of the nuclei present in a molecule allows any trained user t...
[ "In 1946 , Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell expanded the technique for use on liquids and solids , for which they shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952 .", "In 1946 , Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell expanded the technique for use on liquids and solids . They shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952 ...
[ "His work during that project on the production and detection of radio frequency power and on the absorption of such RF power by matter laid the foundation for Rabi 's discovery of NMR .", "His work during that project on the production and detection of radio frequency power and on the absorption of such RF power...
[ "Nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation .", "Nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) is the physical phenomenon in which magnetic nuclei in a magnetic field absorb , then re-emit electromagnetic radiation ." ]
[ "The resulting response by the total magnetization ( M ) of the nuclear spins is the phenomenon that is exploited in NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging .", "The resulting response by the total magnetization ( M ) of the nuclear spins is the phenomenon that is used in NMR spectroscopy and magnetic res...
[ "A key feature of NMR is that the resonance frequency of a particular substance is directly proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field .", "A key idea of NMR is that the resonance frequency of a particular substance is directly proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field ." ]
[ "Both use intense applied magnetic fields ( H0 ) in order to achieve dispersion and very high stability to deliver spectral resolution , the details of which are described by chemical shifts , the Zeeman effect , and Knight shifts ( in metals ) .", "Both use intense applied magnetic fields ( H0 ) in order to achi...
[ "NMR phenomena are also utilized in low-field NMR , NMR spectroscopy and MRI in the Earth 's magnetic field ( referred to as Earth 's field NMR ) , and in several types of magnetometers .", "NMR is used in low-field NMR , NMR spectroscopy and MRI in the Earth 's magnetic field ( referred to as Earth 's field NMR ...
[ "It is this feature that is exploited in imaging techniques ; if a sample is placed in a non-uniform magnetic field then the resonance frequencies of the sample 's nuclei depend on where in the field they are located .", "This resonance is used in imaging techniques . If a sample is placed in a non-uniform magnet...
[ "Nuclear magnetic resonance was first described and measured in molecular beams by Isidor Rabi in 1938 , by extending the Stern -- Gerlach experiment , and in 1944 , Rabi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for this work .", "Nuclear magnetic resonance was first described and measured in molecular beams by Isi...
[ "NMR is also routinely used in advanced medical imaging techniques , such as in magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) .", "NMR is also used for advanced medical imaging techniques , for example , magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) ." ]
[ "The development of NMR as a technique in analytical chemistry and biochemistry parallels the development of electromagnetic technology and advanced electronics and their introduction into civilian use .", "After World War II , the development of NMR as a technique in analytical chemistry and biochemistry happene...
[ "Rabi , Bloch , and Purcell observed that magnetic nuclei , like and , could absorb RF energy when placed in a magnetic field and when the RF was of a frequency specific to the identity of the nuclei .", "Rabi , Bloch , and Purcell noticed that magnetic nuclei , like 1H and 31P , could absorb RF energy when place...
[ "Many scientific techniques exploit NMR phenomena to study molecular physics , crystals , and non-crystalline materials through NMR spectroscopy .", "Many scientific techniques exploit the NMR phenomena to study molecular physics , crystals and non crystalline materials through NMR spectroscopy ." ]
[ "Nuclear pores . The nuclear membrane is punctured by thousands of nuclear pore complexes -- large hollow proteins about 100 nm across , with an inner channel about 40 nm wide .", "The nuclear membrane has thousands of nuclear pores -- large hollow proteins about 100 nm across , with an inner channel about 40 nm ...
[ "The book offers various views and perspectives on nuclear power .", "The book offers various views on nuclear power ." ]
[ "He has worked with the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority before moving to the Open University where he is Professor of Technology Policy and has developed courses on technological innovation , focusing in particular on renewable energy technology .", "He is Professor of Technology Policy at the Open Univers...
[ "Following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster , the International Energy Agency halved its estimate of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035 .", "Following the Fukushima nuclear disaster , the International Energy Agency halved its estimate of additional nuclear generating capacity to be ...
[ "Platts has reported that `` the crisis at Japan 's Fukushima nuclear plants has prompted leading energy-consuming countries to review the safety of their existing reactors and cast doubt on the speed and scale of planned expansions around the world '' .", "has said that `` the crisis at Japan 's Fukushima nuclea...
[ "Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster , costs are expected to increase for currently operating and new nuclear power plants , due to increased requirements for on-site spent fuel management and elevated design basis threats .", "The economics of nuclear power is challenging , and following the 20...
[ "Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred .", "Some serious nuclear accidents have occurred ." ]
[ "Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include the K-19 reactor accident ( 1961 ) , the K-27 reactor accident ( 1968 ) , and the K-431 reactor accident ( 1985 ) .", "Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include the Soviet submarine K-19 reactor accident ( 1961 ) , the Soviet submarine K-27 reactor accident ( 1968 ) , an...
[ "There is a social debate about nuclear power .", "There is a debate about the use of nuclear power ." ]
[ "The crisis over Iran 's nuclear activities is a case in point .", "The crisis over Iran 's nuclear activities is an example ." ]
[ "Over 500 atmospheric nuclear weapons tests were conducted at various sites around the world from 1945 to 1980 .", "Over 500 atmospheric nuclear weapons tests were done at various sites around the world from 1945 to 1980 ." ]
[ "Once the cuts have been made , the DNA molecule will break into fragments .", "Once the cuts have been made , the DNA molecule breaks into fragments ." ]
[ "Because A , G , C , and T appear in the DNA , these molecules are called DNA-bases ; A , G , C , and U are called RNA-bases .", "Because A , G , C and T appear in the DNA , these molecules are called DNA-bases ; A , G , C and U are called RNA-bases ." ]
[ "The bond between the carbon and the bromine then undergoes heterolytic fission , with the bromine atom taking the donated electron and becoming the bromide ion ( Br − ) , because a SN2 reaction occurs by backside attack .", "The bond between the carbon and the bromine then undergoes heterolytic fission , with th...
[ "Sulfur . Of sulfur nucleophiles , hydrogen sulfide and its salts , thiols ( RSH ) , thiolate anions ( RS − ) , anions of thiolcarboxylic acids ( RC ( O ) - S − ) , and anions of dithiocarbonates ( RO-C ( S ) - S − ) and dithiocarbamates ( R2N-C ( S ) - S − ) are used most often .", "Of sulfur nucleophiles , hydr...
[ "For example , the thiocyanate ion ( SCN − ) may attack from either the or the . For this reason , the SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide with SCN − often leads to a mixture of RSCN ( an alkyl thiocyanate ) and RNCS ( an alkyl isothiocyanate ) .", "For example , the thiocyanate ion ( SCN − ) may attack from either t...
[ "Carbon nucleophiles are alkyl metal halides found in the Grignard reaction , Blaise reaction , Reformatsky reaction , and Barbier reaction , organolithium reagents , and anions of a terminal alkyne .", "Carbon nucleophiles . Alkyl metal halides are carbon nucleophiles found in the Grignard reaction , Blaise reac...
[ "If the electrophile is chiral , it typically maintains its chirality , though the SN2 product 's configuration is flipped as compared to that of the original electrophile .", "If the electrophile is chiral , it typically keeps its chirality , though the SN2 product 's configuration is flipped as compared to that...
[ "Enols are ambident nucleophiles , but , in general , nucleophilic at the alpha carbon atom .", "Enols are ambident nucleophiles , but , in general , nucleophilic at the carbon atom next to the carbons with double bond ( alpha carbon atom ) ." ]
[ "Some modifications have been shown to be correlated with gene silencing ; others seem to be correlated with gene activation .", "Some modifications have been shown to be correlated with gene silencing , others seem to be correlated with gene activation ." ]
[ "The information stored in this way is considered epigenetic , since it is not encoded in the DNA but is still inherited to daughter cells .", "The information stored in this way is considered epigenetic : it is not coded in the DNA but is nevertheless inherited by daughter cells ." ]