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[ "The battlefield had more than 7,500 bodies of dead soldiers and 5,000 horses .", "The battlefield was left with the bodies of more than 7,500 soldiers and 5,000 horses of the Army of the Potomac and the Confederacy 's Army of Northern Virginia , and the stench of rotting bodies in the humid July air was overpowe...
[ "It was delivered on the afternoon of Thursday , November 19 , 1863 . This speech was made during the American Civil War , at the dedication of the Soldiers ' National Cemetery in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania .", "It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War , on the afternoon of Thursday , November 19 ...
[ "Cintas liked to collect art and manuscripts . He had bought the Bliss Copy for $ 54,000 at a public auction in 1949 .", "Cintas , a wealthy collector of art and manuscripts , purchased the Bliss Copy at a public auction in 1949 for $ 54,000 ( $ as of ) , at that time the highest price ever paid for a document at...
[ "In an 1894 article , Nicolay wrote that Lincoln had brought to Gettysburg the first part of the speech written in ink . Nicolay also said that Lincoln had written the second page in pencil on lined paper before November 19 .", "In an 1894 article that included a facsimile of this copy , Nicolay , who had become ...
[ "Another source of the Gettysburg Address is the copy from the Associated Press . It was copied from the notes taken by reporter Joseph L. Gilbert .", "Another contemporary source of the text is the Associated Press dispatch , transcribed from the shorthand notes taken by reporter Joseph L. Gilbert ." ]
[ "If the election were to occur now , the result would be extremely doubtful ( not sure ) , and although most of our discreet friends are sanguine of the result , my impression is , the chances would be against us .", "If the election were to occur now , the result would be extremely doubtful , and although most o...
[ "The National Public Radio ( NPR ) discovered a copy during a `` Quest for Sound '' project in 1999 .", "A copy wound up at National Public Radio ( NPR ) during a `` Quest for Sound '' project in 1999 ." ]
[ "Webster also said , `` This the independent offspring of the popular will .", "Webster also noted , `` This government , Sir , is the independent offspring of the popular will ." ]
[ "It is not the creature of State the whole truth must be told , the people brought it into existence , established it , and have hitherto ( until now ) supported it , for the very purpose , amongst others , of imposing certain salutary restraints on State sovereignties '' .", "It is not the creature of State legi...
[ "The Democratic Chicago Times said , `` The cheek of every American must tingle with shame as he reads the silly , flat and dishwatery utterances ( remarks ) of the man who has to be pointed out to intelligent foreigners as the President of the United States '' .", "The next day the Democratic-leaning Chicago Tim...
[ "In The American Monthly Review of Reviews , it is suggested that the writings of William Herndon , Lincoln 's law partner , much influenced Lincoln . William Herndon wrote in Abraham Lincoln : The True Story of A Great Life that he had brought some of the sermons of abolitionist minister Theodore Parker to Lincoln...
[ "Gopnik felt that `` Lincoln had mastered the sound of the King James Bible so completely that he could recast ( make again ) abstract issues of constitutional law in Biblical terms ( words from the Bible ) , making the proposition ( suggestion ) that Texas and New Hampshire should be forever bound by a single post...
[ "There was no applause when he stopped speaking '' .", "There was no applause when he stopped speaking . ''" ]
[ "Also , Wills 's letter `` made it equally clear to the president that he would have only a small part in the ceremonies '' .", "Furthermore , Wills ' letter `` made it equally clear to the president that he would have only a small part in the ceremonies '' , perhaps akin to the modern tradition of inviting a not...
[ "Lincoln 's 1863 drafts were not popular , and people became angriest with them around the time of the New York Draft Riots . This was just ten days after the Battle of Gettysburg .", "Hatred for Lincoln 's draft climaxed just ten days after the Battle of Gettysburg with the New York Draft Riots ." ]
[ "The reporters who were there at that time included Joseph Gilbert , Charles Hale , John R. Young . There were also reporters from the Cincinnati Commercial , New York Tribune , and New York Times .", "The reporters present included Joseph Gilbert , from the Associated Press ; Charles Hale , from the Boston Adver...
[ "Lincoln 's `` few appropriate remarks '' summarized the war in ten sentences .", "With a `` few appropriate remarks '' , he was able to summarize the war in just ten sentences ." ]
[ "The Battle of Gettysburg was an important influence on the American Civil War and on the town of Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , where only 2,400 people lived .", "The battle also had a major impact on the town of Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , which numbered only 2,400 inhabitants ." ]
[ "`` Every stenographic report , good , bad and indifferent ( poor ) , says ` that the nation shall , under God , have a new birth of freedom . '", "`` Every stenographic report , good , bad and indifferent , says ` that the nation shall , under God , have a new birth of freedom . '" ]
[ "There are several early copies on Executive Mansion paper , and reports of Lincoln finishing his speech while he was a guest of David Wills at Gettysburg .", "This story is at odds with the existence of several early drafts on Executive Mansion stationery as well as the reports of Lincoln 's final editing while ...
[ "Wills was allowed to buy 17 acres ( 69,000 m ) for a cemetery to honor the people who died in the battle . He paid $ 2,475.87 for the land .", "Wills was authorized to purchase 17 a for a cemetery to honor those lost in the battle , paying $ 2,475.87 for the land ( $ as of ) ." ]
[ "The Everett Copy is also known as the `` Everett-Keyes Copy '' . It was sent by President Lincoln to Edward Everett in early 1864 .", "The Everett Copy , also known as the `` Everett-Keyes Copy , '' was sent by President Lincoln to Edward Everett in early 1864 , at Everett 's request ." ]
[ "Lincoln 's short speech became known in history as one of the best examples of English public speeches . Everett 's two-hour oration was called the `` Gettysburg address '' that day , but his oration is not well-known today .", "While it is Lincoln 's short speech that has gone down in history as one of the fine...
[ "The Republican said that Lincoln 's short remarks would `` repay further study as the model speech '' .", "The Republican predicted that Lincoln 's brief remarks would `` repay further study as the model speech '' ." ]
[ "One year before he died in 1939 , Rathvon 's remarks were recorded on February 12 , 1938 . It included his reading the address itself .", "One year before his death in 1939 , Rathvon 's reminiscences were recorded on February 12 , 1938 at the Boston studios of radio station WRUL , including his reading the addre...
[ "Both the Hay and Nicolay copies of the Address are inside the Library of Congress . They are inside specially designed , temperature-controlled , sealed containers with argon gas .", "Both the Hay and Nicolay copies of the Address are within the Library of Congress , encased in specially designed , temperature-c...
[ "The organizing committee agreed , and the dedication was moved to Thursday , November 19 .", "The committee agreed , and the dedication was postponed until Thursday , November 19 ." ]
[ "But Lincoln wrote on both sides of the paper , so he could not use it for this purpose . Therefore , Bancroft was allowed to keep it .", "As this fourth copy was written on both sides of the paper , it proved unusable for this purpose , and Bancroft was allowed to keep it ." ]
[ "Lincoln 's speech was short , but he and others sat for hours during the rest of the program .", "While Lincoln 's speech was short and may have precluded multiple pictures of him while speaking , he and the other dignitaries sat for hours during the rest of the program ." ]
[ "But some of the words and expressions in the Nicolay Copy do not match modern transcriptions of Lincoln 's speech . Because of this , some people believe that the text used at Gettysburg has been lost .", "Others believe that the delivery text has been lost , because some of the words and phrases of the Nicolay ...
[ "The `` Hay Copy '' was probably made on the morning of the delivery of the Address . It could also have been made shortly after Lincoln came back to Washington .", "The `` Hay Copy '' was made either on the morning of the delivery of the Address , or shortly after Lincoln 's return to Washington ." ]
[ "Moving all the bodies to the graves in the cemetery was less than half complete on the day of the ceremony .", "Reinterment of the bodies buried from field graves into the cemetery , which had begun within months of the battle , was less than half complete on the day of the ceremony ." ]
[ "John Nicolay kept this copy of the Gettysburg Address until he died in 1901 . When he died , it was passed on to his friend John Hay .", "This copy of the Gettysburg Address apparently remained in John Nicolay 's possession until his death in 1901 , when it passed to his friend and colleague John Hay ." ]
[ "Among the five copies , it is the only one to be privately owned .", "It is the only one of the five copies to be privately owned ." ]
[ "Wills ' letter said , `` It is the desire , as Chief Executive of the nation , formally ( officially ) set apart these a few appropriate ( proper ) remarks '' .", "Wills 's letter stated , `` It is the desire that , after the Oration , you , as Chief Executive of the nation , formally set apart these grounds to ...
[ "`` Standing beneath this serene sky , overlooking these broad fields now reposing from the labors of the waning year , the mighty Alleghenies dimly towering before us , the graves of our brethren beneath our feet , it is with hesitation that I raise my poor voice to break of God and Nature .", "`` Standing benea...
[ "The other three copies of the address ( the Everett , Bancroft , and Bliss copies ) were written a long time after November 19 . They were written by Lincoln for charitable purposes .", "Both of these drafts were written around the time of his November 19 address , while the other three copies of the address , t...
[ "Its text is different , however , from the written versions prepared by Lincoln before and after his speech .", "Its text differs , however , from the written versions prepared by Lincoln before and after his speech ." ]
[ "The Illinois State Historical Library in Springfield , Illinois has it on display . It is in the Treasures Gallery of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum .", "The draft Lincoln sent became the third autograph copy , and is now in the possession of the Illinois State Historical Library in Springfi...
[ "The Bliss copy has become the most widely accepted text of Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address . This is partly because Lincoln gave it a title and signed and dated it .", "In part because Lincoln provided a title and signed and dated the Bliss Copy , it has become the standard text of Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address ."...
[ "Bancroft wanted to put this copy in Autograph Leaves of Our Country 's Authors and sell it at a Soldiers ' and Sailors ' Sanitary Fair in Baltimore .", "Bancroft planned to include this copy in Autograph Leaves of Our Country 's Authors , which he planned to sell at a Soldiers ' and Sailors ' Sanitary Fair in Ba...
[ "In Lincoln at Gettysburg , Garry Wills notes the similarity between Lincoln 's speech and Pericles 's Funeral Oration during the Peloponnesian War ( James McPherson and Gore Vidal also note this ) .", "In Lincoln at Gettysburg , Garry Wills notes the parallels between Lincoln 's speech and Pericles 's Funeral Or...
[ "In 1931 , 87-year-old Mrs. Sarah A. Cooke Myers suggested that there was a dignified silence after Lincoln finished his speech . She had been there when she was 19 years old .", "In 1931 , the printed recollections of 87-year-old Mrs. Sarah A. Cooke Myers , who at the age of 19 was present , suggest a dignified ...
[ "It will not do to say that ( Secretary of War ) Stanton suggested those words after Lincoln 's return to Washington , for the words were telegraphed by at least three reporters on the afternoon of the delivery '' .", "It will not do to say that ( Secretary of War ) Stanton suggested those words after Lincoln 's ...
[ "The people who believe it was completed on the morning of his address note that it has some expressions that are not in the first draft but are in the reports of the address and in later copies by Lincoln . It is likely , they say , that Lincoln used this copy when he delivered the address .", "Those that believ...
[ "In the fall of 1863 , he grew very concerned about keeping up the Union 's spirits toward the war effort .", "In the fall of 1863 , one of Lincoln 's principal concerns was to sustain the Union 's spirits toward the war effort ." ]
[ "Other public reaction to the speech was different according to each party .", "Other public reaction to the speech was divided along partisan lines ." ]
[ "The Nicolay Copy is often called the `` first draft '' . This is because it is thought to be the earliest copy that exists .", "The Nicolay Copy is often called the `` first draft '' because it is believed to be the earliest copy that exists ." ]
[ "The title of the record was `` I Heard Lincoln That Day - William R. Rathvon , TR Productions '' .", "The title of the 78 record was `` I Heard Lincoln That Day - William R. Rathvon , TR Productions . ''" ]
[ "Lincoln replied that he was glad the speech was not a `` total ( complete ) failure '' .", "Lincoln replied that he was glad to know the speech was not a `` total failure '' ." ]
[ "Each of the five manuscript copies of the Gettysburg Address are named for the person who received it from Lincoln .", "The five known manuscript copies of the Gettysburg Address are each named for the associated person who received it from Lincoln ." ]
[ "After Everett finished his speech , Lincoln spoke for two or three minutes .", "Shortly after Everett 's well-received remarks , Lincoln spoke for but a few minutes ." ]
[ "Among these , the Bliss version , written some time after the speech for a friend , is seen by lots of people as the most reliable text .", "Of these versions , the Bliss version , written well after the speech as a favor for a friend , is viewed by many as the standard text ." ]
[ "Because Everett 's speech was very long , and because it took a long time for 19th century photographers to prepare for taking a picture , it is likely that photographers were not prepared for how short Lincoln 's speech was .", "Given the length of Everett 's speech and the length of time it took for 19th centu...
[ "He added that it is hard to find any obviously classical references in all of his speeches .", "( It is difficult to find a single obviously classical reference in all of his speeches . )" ]
[ "However , David Willis , a rich 32-year-old lawyer , did not like this idea . He wrote to the Governor of Pennsylvania , Andrew Gregg Curtin , asking that a National Cemetery be supported by the states .", "However , David Wills , a wealthy 32-year-old attorney , objected to this idea and wrote to the Governor o...
[ "For example , Everett spoke directly about Marathon and Pericles . But he said that `` Lincolnâ s rhetoric is , instead , deliberately Biblical '' .", "In contrast , writer Adam Gopnik , in The New Yorker , notes that while Everett 's Oration was explicitly neoclassical , referring directly to Marathon and Peric...
[ "Lincoln later gave this copy to his other secretary , John Hay . Hay 's descendants gave it and the Nicolay Copy to the Library of Congress in 1916 .", "Lincoln eventually gave this copy to his other personal secretary , John Hay , whose descendants donated both it and the Nicolay Copy to the Library of Congress...
[ "He honors the dead 's sacrifice : `` Thus choosing to die resisting , rather than to live submitting , they fled only from dishonor , but met danger face to face '' . He also warmly encourages the living to continue to fight for true democracy : `` You , their survivors , must determine to have as unfaltering a re...
[ "But the ; -- grant me , I pray sympathy '' .", "But the duty to which you have called me must be performed ; â '' grant me , I pray you , your indulgence and your sympathy . ''" ]
[ "Historian Shelby Foote said that the applause , which came after a long time , was `` barely polite '' .", "According to historian Shelby Foote , after Lincoln 's presentation , the applause was delayed , scattered , and `` barely polite . ''" ]
[ "It is on permanent display as part of the American Treasures exhibition of the Library of Congress in Washington , D.C.", "It used to be on display as part of the American Treasures exhibition of the Library of Congress in Washington , D.C." ]
[ "This included the governors of six of the 24 Union states . They were Andrew Gregg Curtin of Pennsylvania , Augustus Bradford of Maryland , Oliver P. Morton of Indiana , Horatio Seymour of New York , Joel Parker of New Jersey , and David Tod of Ohio .", "Approximately 15,000 people are estimated to have attended...
[ "On the morning of November 19 at 9:30 a.m. , Lincoln , riding a brown horse , joined the townspeople , and widows marching out to the grounds to be dedicated .", "On the morning of November 19 at 9:30 a.m. , Lincoln , astride a chestnut bay horse and riding between Secretary of State William H. Seward and Secret...
[ "Garry Wills felt that '' ( Lincoln ) had done what he wanted to do ( at Gettysburg ) '' .", "In Garry Wills 's view , '' had done what he wanted to do . ''" ]
[ "Martin Luther King , Jr. 's famous speech of `` I Have a Dream '' spoke of the Gettysburg Address .", "Lincoln 's Gettysburg Address is itself referenced in another of those famed orations , Martin Luther King , Jr. 's `` I Have a Dream '' speech ." ]
[ "Craig R. Smith , In `` Criticism of Political Rhetoric and Disciplinary Integrity '' , suggested that the Gettysburg Address was influenced by the speech of Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster . In his `` Second Reply to Hayne '' , Webster had famously cried out , `` Liberty and Union , now and forever , one and ...
[ "The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln .", "The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and is one of the best-known speeches in United States history ." ]
[ "There has been some controversy about the two earliest drafts of the Address .", "The two earliest drafts of the Address are associated with some confusion and controversy regarding their existence and provenance ." ]
[ "Everett , who was collecting the speeches at the Gettysburg dedication into one book to sell for hurt soldiers at New York 's Sanitary Commission Fair , had asked for it .", "Everett was collecting the speeches at the Gettysburg dedication into one bound volume to sell for the benefit of stricken soldiers at New...
[ "Everett was a very famous orator at that time .", "At that time , Everett was a widely famed orator ." ]
[ "The Hay Draft was different from the Gettysburg Address printed by Nicolay in 1894 in many important ways . For example , it was written on a different kind of paper , had a different number of words on every line , had a different number of lines , and had corrections in Lincoln 's handwriting .", "The Hay Draf...
[ "At first , they planned to buy land for a cemetery and ask the families of the dead to pay for the burial .", "Initially , the town planned to buy land for a cemetery and then ask the families of the dead to pay for their burial ." ]
[ "Others , such as Allen C. Guelzo , suggested that Lincoln 's expression `` four score and seven '' was about the King James Version of the Bible 's . There , man 's life is described as `` threescore years and ten ; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years '' .", "Others , including Allen C. Guelzo ,...
[ "Many years have passed after the Address was delivered , but it is still one of the most famous speeches in American history .", "In the many generations that have passed since the Address , it has remained among the most famous speeches in American history ." ]
[ "NPR allows people to hear the record around Lincoln 's birthday .", "NPR continues to air them around Lincoln 's birthday ." ]
[ "That was the greatest purpose of Lincoln 's Address at Gettysburg .", "That goal was the chief aim of Lincoln 's Address at Gettysburg ." ]
[ "In 1906 , it was first announced that the Hay Copy had been discovered . It had been found among the papers of John Hay when people were searching for the `` original manuscript '' of the Address .", "The existence of the Hay Copy was first announced to the public in 1906 , after the search for the `` original m...
[ "The Castro government claimed Cintas ' properties after it became powerful in 1959 . But Cintas , who died in 1957 , had willed the Gettysburg Address to the American people , if it would be kept at the White House .", "Cintas ' properties were claimed by the Castro government after the Cuban Revolution in 1959 ...
[ "In August 1963 , King spoke of President Lincoln and his well-known words : `` Five score years ago , a great American , in whose symbolic shadow we stand today , signed the Emancipation Proclamation .", "Standing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in August 1963 , King began with a reference to President Linc...
[ "`` But they , I am sure , will join us in saying , as we bid farewell to the dust of these martyr-heroes , the glorious annals of our common country , there will be no brighter page than that which relates the Battles of Gettysburg '' .", "`` But they , I am sure , will join us in saying , as we bid farewell to ...
[ "The following day , Everett wrote a letter to Lincoln . In the letter , he praised the President for his speech , saying , `` I should be glad if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central ( main ) idea of the occasion , in two hours , as you did in two minutes '' .", "In a letter to Lincoln writt...
[ "Scholars are not sure if the Nicolay Copy was actually the copy Lincoln read from at Gettysburg on November 19 .", "Scholars disagree over whether the Nicolay Copy was actually the reading copy Lincoln held at Gettysburg on November 19 ." ]
[ "`` He took down what he declared was the exact language of Lincoln 's associates confirmed his testimony , which was received , as it deserved to be at its face value '' .", "His associates confirmed his testimony , which was received , as it deserved to be at its face value . ''" ]
[ "The characteristics of this secret or key are determined by the system which uses it ; some system require that such keys be in a specific format .", "The characteristics of this secret or key are determined by the system which uses it ; some system designs require that such keys be in a particular format ." ]
[ "In cryptography , a pre-shared key or PSK is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it is used .", "In cryptography , a pre-shared key or PSK is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it ne...
[ "He is the first official boss of the modern Genovese crime family .", "He was the first official boss of the modern Genovese crime family ." ]
[ "Charles `` Lucky '' Luciano ( born Salvatore Lucania ; November 24 , 1897 â `` January 26 , 1962 ) was a Sicilian mobster .", "Charlie `` Lucky '' Luciano ( born Salvatore Lucania ; November 24 , 1897 â `` January 26 , 1962 ) was an Italian mobster born in Sicily ." ]
[ "As a historical region , it includes Parthia , Media and eastern Persia , the heartlands of Greater Persia ( mainly Iran , Afghanistan , and Pakistan west of the River Indus ) .", "As a historical region , it includes Parthia , Media and eastern Persia , the heartlands of Greater Iran ( mainly Iran , Afghanistan...
[ "The Stadium of Light is a football stadium in Sunderland , England .", "The Stadium of Light is an all-seater football stadium in Sunderland , England ." ]
[ "It is the current home stadium of Sunderland A.F.C. .", "The stadium primarily hosts Sunderland A.F.C. matches ." ]
[ "Other kinds of oil are made from crude oil ( petroleum ) which comes from under the ground . People use large oil wells to bring the oil to the top of the ground .", "The oil that is pumped from the ground is then shipped via oil tanker to an oil refinery ." ]
[ "Charles Bradford `` Brad '' Henry ( born June 10 , 1963 ) is the Governor of the U.S. state of Oklahoma .", "Charles Bradford `` Brad '' Henry ( born July 10 , 1963 ) was the 26th Governor of the U.S. state of Oklahoma ." ]
[ "Thus , the Postmaster General is no longer a member of the Cabinet and is no longer in line to be President .", "Thus , the Postmaster General is no longer a member of the Cabinet and is no longer in Presidential succession ." ]
[ "Carmit Bachar ( born September 4 , 1974 ) is an American singer and actress .", "Carmit Bachar ( ; born September 4 , 1974 ) is an American singer , dancer , model and actress ." ]
[ "Xiahou Dun was an important general under Cao Cao .", "His noted accomplishments included conquest of Xiaopei and the subsequent victory over a relief force led by Xiahou Dun , a prominent general under Cao Cao ." ]
[ "In the later period of the Han dynasty , Gao Shun served LÃ 1\\/4 Bu .", "Gao Shun ( died 198 ) was a military general serving under the warlord LÃ 1\\/4 Bu during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history ." ]
[ "Gao Shun was execution with his lord , LÃ 1\\/4 Bu .", "The heads of LÃ 1\\/4 Bu , Chen Gong , Gao Shun and others were sent to Xuchang and subsequently were buried ." ]
[ "In the same year , however , Cao Cao himself came and attacked LÃ 1\\/4 Bu 's base city , Xiapi .", "In the same year , however , Cao personally laid a siege on LÃ 1\\/4 Bu 's base in Xiapi , and defeated and captured LÃ 1\\/4 ." ]
[ "In the later period of the Han dynasty , Gao Shun served LÃ 1\\/4 Bu . He grew to be known as one of LÃ 1\\/4 Bu 's best commanders .", "Although LÃ 1\\/4 Bu knew Gao Shun was very loyal , his advice was not always welcome ." ]