text
stringlengths 31
999
| source
stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|
OctoPrint is an open source 3D printer controller application, which provides a web interface for the connected printers. It displays printers' status and key parameters and allows user to schedule prints and remotely control the printer.
History
OctoPrint was created by Gina Häußge in 2012, who initially developed the software to support her first 3D printer
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Open manufacturing, also known as open production, maker manufacturing, and with the slogan "Design Global, Manufacture Local" is a new model of socioeconomic production in which physical objects are produced in an open, collaborative and distributed manner and based on open design and open source principles.
Open manufacturing combines the following elements of a production process: new open production tools and methods (such as 3D printers), new value-based movements (such as the maker movement), new institutions and networks for manufacturing and production (such as FabLabs), and open source methods, software and protocols. Open manufacturing may also include digital modeling and fabrication and computer numeric control (CNC) of the machines used for production through open source software and open source hardware
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Organ printing utilizes techniques similar to conventional 3D printing where a computer model is fed into a printer that lays down successive layers of plastics or wax until a 3D object is produced. In the case of organ printing, the material being used by the printer is a biocompatible plastic. The biocompatible plastic forms a scaffold that acts as the skeleton for the organ that is being printed
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Polyphenylsulfone (PPSF or PPSU) is a high performance polymer made of aromatic rings linked by sulfone (SO2) groups.
Production
Commercially important polysulfones are prepared by condensation of 4,4'-bis(chlorophenyl)sulfone with various bisphenols. Two bisphenols for this application are bisphenol A (the polymer being called PSF) and 4,4'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone (the polymer being called PES)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Rapid prototyping is a group of techniques used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assembly using three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) data.
Construction of the part or assembly is usually done using 3D printing or "additive layer manufacturing" technology. The first methods for rapid prototyping became available in mid 1987 and were used to produce models and prototype parts
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Rapid tooling (RT) denotes manufacturing on a slim timeline. Some of the main advantages to rapid tooling trades is that it decreases the time and cost of the product. With rapid tools being fast and easily reproducible, it requires less stock for finished tools
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The reinforcement of 3D printed concrete is a mechanism where the ductility and tensile strength of printed concrete are improved using various reinforcing techniques, including reinforcing bars, meshes, fibers, or cables. The reinforcement of 3D printed concrete is important for the large-scale use of the new technology, like in the case of ordinary concrete. With a multitude of additive manufacturing application in the concrete construction industry—specifically the use of additively constructed concrete in the manufacture of structural concrete elements—the reinforcement and anchorage technologies vary significantly
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Swarm 3D printing or cooperative 3D printing or swarm manufacturing is a digital manufacturing platform that employs a swarm of mobile robots with different functionalities to work together to print and assemble products based on digital designs. A digital design is first divided into smaller chunks and components based on its geometry and functions, which are then assigned to different specialized robots for printing and assembly in parallel and in sequence based on the dependency of the tasks. The robots typically move freely on an open factory floor, or through the air, and could carry different tool heads
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Topology optimization (TO) is a mathematical method that optimizes material layout within a given design space, for a given set of loads, boundary conditions and constraints with the goal of maximizing the performance of the system. Topology optimization is different from shape optimization and sizing optimization in the sense that the design can attain any shape within the design space, instead of dealing with predefined configurations.
The conventional topology optimization formulation uses a finite element method (FEM) to evaluate the design performance
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Applied Digital Data Systems (ADDS) was a supplier of video display computer terminals, founded in 1969 by Leeam Lowin and William J. Catacosinos. Lowin simultaneously founded Solid State Data Sciences (SSDS)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Arcade is a joystick that was produced by Suzo International, usually marked as S. T. C
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Architectural state is the collection of information in a computer system that defines the state of a program during execution. Architectural state includes main memory, architectural registers, and the program counter. Architectural state is defined by the instruction set architecture and can be manipulated by the programmer using instructions
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Atari MMU is a custom memory management unit chip for the Atari 8-bit computers. It enables access to the hardware registers on ANTIC, GTIA, POKEY and 6520 PIA. The later XL/XE MMU (C061618) also selects OS ROM, Atari BASIC ROM, self-test ROM and LEDs in the 1200XL
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
In multifunction or all-in-one printers, fax machines, photocopiers and scanners, an automatic document feeder or ADF is a feature which takes several pages and feeds the paper one page at a time into a scanner or copier, allowing the user to scan, and thereby copy, print, or fax, multiple-page documents without having to manually replace each page.
Most copiers allow scanning on the flatbed or platen (the "glass") or through a document feeder. The vast majority of fax machines have an ADF, allowing the unattended sending of multi-page faxes
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Avant Stellar is a mechanical keyboard that was produced by Creative Vision Technologies Inc (CVT). It was the successor to the popular and successful OmniKey keyboard by Northgate Computers, and was regarded as being very similar to the OmniKey Plus. It is no longer in production
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Burroughs B5000 was the first stack machine and also the first computer with a segmented virtual memory.
The Burroughs B5000 instruction set includes the set of valid operations for the B5000, B5500 and B5700. It is not compatible with the B6500, B7500, B8500 or their successors
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A bus coupler is a device which is used to couple one bus to the other without any interruption in power supply and without creating hazardous arcs. A bus coupler is a breaker used to couple two busbars to perform maintenance on other circuit breakers associated
with that busbar.
It is achieved with the help of a circuit breaker and isolators
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
In computing, bus mastering is a feature supported by many bus architectures that enables a device connected to the bus to initiate direct memory access (DMA) transactions. It is also referred to as first-party DMA, in contrast with third-party DMA where a system DMA controller actually does the transfer.
Some types of buses allow only one device (typically the CPU, or its proxy) to initiate transactions
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A C2 error, also known as E32 error, is a read error of a Compact Disc. C2 errors can to a degree be recovered by the hardware error detection and correction scheme. A CD drive can have extraction errors when the data on the disc is not readable due to scratches or smudges
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Cache only memory architecture (COMA) is a computer memory organization for use in multiprocessors in which the local memories (typically DRAM) at each node are used as cache. This is in contrast to using the local memories as actual main memory, as in NUMA organizations.
In NUMA, each address in the global address space is typically assigned a fixed home node
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
CALDIC (the California Digital Computer) was an electronic digital computer built with the assistance of the Office of Naval Research at the University of California, Berkeley between 1951 and 1955 to assist and enhance research being conducted at the university with a platform for high-speed computing.
CALDIC was designed to be constructed at a low cost and simple to operate, by standards of the time, note that in a pre-1965 context there is no interactive user IO or human readable output in printed characters in most computers. And a "computer" is exclusively a device taking several large buildings worth of electrical devices and constructed of thousands of vacuum tubes
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Ceres Workstation was a workstation computer built by Niklaus Wirth's group at ETH Zurich in 1987. The central processing unit (CPU) is a National Semiconductor NS32000, and the operating system, named Oberon System is written fully in the object-oriented programming language Oberon. It is an early example of an operating system using basic object-oriented principles and garbage collection on the system level and a document centered approach for the user interface (UI), as envisaged later with OpenDoc
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The 6500 Packet-Optical Platform (formerly called the Optical Multiservice Edge 6500 or OME 6500 during the product's time at Nortel) in telecommunication, computer networking and optical communications is a Multi-port multi-protocol system designed by Ciena that supports TDM/WDM/GigE/10G/40G and 100G ports. The system supports high bandwidth demands from applications like IPTV, Internet Video, HD programming, and mobile video by increasing the speeds over existing fiber. Typically, increasing the speeds from 10G to 40G to 100G entails trade-offs such as shortening the distance of each network segment or increasing optical dispersion because of the weakening of optical signals as they travel
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Clary DE-60 was an early transistorized digital computer made by Clary Corporation. It was a compact (desk-sized) general-purpose computer intended for both scientific and business applications. It operated on 18-digit binary-coded decimal words used fixed-point arithmetic
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The clock port is a commonly used term for the real-time clock interface of the Amiga 1200 computer. The port is a remnant of an abandoned design feature for addition of internal RAM and a clock for time keeping. However, it was later widely used as a general purpose expansion port by third-party developers for devices, such as, I/O cards, sound cards and even a USB controller
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The RAMLink was one of several RAM expansion products made by Creative Micro Designs (CMD) for Commodore's C64/128 home computers. The RAMLink was intended as a third-party alternative, successor and optionally companion to Commodore's own 17xx-series REU RAM expansion cartridges.
Unlike the REU, the RAMLink is externally powered and designed from the ground-up to act as a RAM disk
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
CMD640, the California Micro Devices Technology Inc product 0640, is an IDE interface chip for the PCI and VLB buses. CMD640 had some sort of hardware acceleration: WDMA and Read-Ahead (prefetch) support.
CMD Technology Inc was acquired by Silicon Image Inc
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A CMUcam is a low cost computer vision device intended for robotics research. CMUcams consist of a small video camera and a microcontroller with a serial interface. While other digital cameras typically use a much higher bandwidth connector, the CMUcam's lightweight interface allows it to be accessed by microcontrollers
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Communications and networking riser (CNR) is a slot found on certain PC motherboards and used for specialized networking, audio, and telephony equipment. A motherboard manufacturer can choose to provide audio, networking, or modem functionality in any combination on a CNR card. CNR slots were once commonly found on Pentium III-class motherboards, but have since been phased out in favor of on-board or embedded components
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Compaq Professional Workstation was a family of workstations produced by Compaq. Introduced in late October 1996, the first entry in the family featured single or dual Pentium Pro processors. Later entries featured Pentium IIs and IIIs; the XP1000 was the only non-x86 based entry, featuring a DEC Alpha processor
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Compaq ProSignia is a discontinued computer brand by Compaq for small businesses. It was the mid-range successor to the Compaq SystemPro brand. It was discontinued in 2000
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Computer Research Corporation (CRC) was an early developer of minicomputers. It was founded on July 16, 1950. The founding owners of CRC were Floyd Steele, Donald Eckdahl, Hrant (Harold) Sarkinssian, Richard Sprague, and Irving S
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
In digital circuits, the contamination delay (denoted as tcd) is the minimum amount of time from when an input changes until any output starts to change its value. This change in value does not imply that the value has reached a stable condition. The contamination delay only specifies that the output rises (or falls) to 50% of the voltage level for a logic high
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
In computer architecture,
a control bus is part of the system bus and is used by CPUs for communicating with other devices within the computer. While the address bus carries the information about the device with which the CPU is communicating and the data bus carries the actual data being processed, the control bus carries commands from the CPU and returns status signals from the devices. For example, if the data is being read or written to the device the appropriate line (read or write) will be active (logic one)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Core Multiplexing Technology is a term that appeared in some BIOSes.
Details
A subset of traditional applications are often difficult to parallelize and make use of additional CPU hardware available on the platform, restraining applications to use only one CPU. Core Multiplexing Technology would allow for a process to be split into multiple threads at compilation time and execution time by the introduction of speculative multithreading
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A CPU card is a printed circuit board (PCB) that contains the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. CPU cards are specified by CPU clock frequency and bus type as well as other features and applications built into the card.
CPU cards include Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) cards, modular PC Cards, Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) cards, PCI extensions for instrumentation (PXI) cards and embedded technology extended (ETX) cards
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A CPU shim (also called CPU spacer) is a shim used between the CPU and the heat sink in a computer. Shims make it easier and less risky to mount a heatsink on the processor because it stabilizes the heatsink, preventing accidental damaging of the fragile CPU packaging. They help distribute weight evenly over the surface
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Cray EL90 series was an air-cooled vector processor supercomputer first sold by Cray Research in 1993. The EL90 series evolved from the Cray Y-MP EL minisupercomputer, and is compatible with Y-MP software, running the same UNICOS operating system. The range comprised three models:
EL92, with up to two processors and 64 megawords (512 MB) of DRAM in a deskside chassis: dimensions 42×23
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Cray S-MP was a multiprocessor server computer sold by Cray Research from 1992 to 1993. It was based on the Sun SPARC microprocessor architecture and could be configured with up to eight 66 MHz BIT B5000 processors. Optionally, a Cray APP matrix co-processor cluster could be added to an S-MP system
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Cray X1 is a non-uniform memory access, vector processor supercomputer manufactured and sold by Cray Inc. since 2003. The X1 is often described as the unification of the Cray T90, Cray SV1, and Cray T3E architectures into a single machine
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Cray X2 is a vector processing node for the Cray XT5h supercomputer, developed and sold by Cray Inc. and launched in 2007.
The X2, developed under the code name Black Widow, was originally expected to be a standalone supercomputer system, superseding the Cray X1 parallel vector supercomputer
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Cray XE6 (codename during development: Baker) made by Cray is an enhanced version of the Cray XT6 supercomputer, officially announced on 25 May 2010. The XE6 uses the same computer blade found in the XT6, with eight- or 12-core Opteron 6100 processors giving up to 3,072 cores per cabinet, but replaces the SeaStar2+ interconnect router used in the Cray XT5 and XT6 with the faster and more scalable Gemini router ASIC. This is used to provide a 3-dimensional torus network topology between nodes
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Cray XMS was a vector processor minisupercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1990 to 1991. The XMS was originally designed by Supertek Computers Inc. as the Supertek S-1, intended to be a low-cost air-cooled clone of the Cray X-MP with a CMOS re-implementation of the X-MP processor architecture, and a VMEbus-based Input/Output Subsystem (IOS)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC) is an international conference devoted to IC development, showcasing original, first published technical work and circuit techniques that tackle practical problems. CICC is a forum for circuit, IC, and SoC designers, CAD developers, manufacturers and ASIC users to present and discuss new developments, future trends, innovative ideas and recent advancements. CICC is sponsored by the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society and technically sponsored by the IEEE Electron Devices Society
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Cydra-5 departmental supercomputer is the first minisupercomputer designed by Cydrome. It was completed in 1987. At that time Cydra-5 cost from $0
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The D subminiature military is a Cannon connector used in aerospace, military, aviation, and electric cars. It is also manufactured by other companies besides Cannon ITT. It has seven pins in a housing the same size as the standard 9-pin or 15-pin D-sub
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Data Storage Technology (DST) is a 19 mm (0. 75 in) wide magnetic tape data storage format created by Ampex in 1992. The DST format was also made by Ampex as a digital videotape format, DCT, using the same design of cassette
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A database machines or back end processor is a computer or special hardware that stores and retrieves data from a database. It is specially designed for database access and is tightly coupled to the main (front-end) computer(s) by a high-speed channel, whereas a database server is a general-purpose computer that holds a database and it's loosely coupled via a local area network to its clients.
Database machines can retrieve large amount of data using hundreds to thousands of microprocessors with database software
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The DATANET-30, or DN-30 for short, was a computer manufactured by General Electric designed in 1961-1963 to be used as a communications computer. It was later used as a front-end processor for data communications. It became the first front end communications computer
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Datatron is a family of decimal vacuum tube computers developed by ElectroData Corporation and first shipped in 1954. The Datatron was later marketed by Burroughs Corporation after Burroughs acquired ElectroData in 1956. The Burroughs models of this machine were still in use into the 1960s
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The DEGIMA (DEstination for Gpu Intensive MAchine) is a high performance computer cluster used for hierarchical N-body simulations at the Nagasaki Advanced Computing Center, Nagasaki University.
The system consists of a 144-node cluster of PCs connected via an InfiniBand interconnect. Each node is composed of 2
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A Device Register is the view any device presents to a programmer.
Each programmable bit in the device is presented with a logical address and it appears as a part of a byte in the device registers. Then programming of these bits can be achieved by reading from or writing to these device registers
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A dial box is a computer peripheral for direct 3D manipulation e. g. to interactively input the rotation and torsion angles of a model displayed on a computer screen
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A Dimond ring or Dimond ring translator was an early type of computer memory, created in the early 1940s by T. L. Dimond at Bell Laboratories for Bell's #5 Crossbar Switch, a type of early telephone switch
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The DISCiPLE is a floppy disk interface for the ZX Spectrum home computer. Designed by Miles Gordon Technology, it was marketed by Rockfort Products and launched in 1986. Like Sinclair's own ZX Interface 1, the DISCiPLE was a wedge-shaped unit fitting underneath the Spectrum
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
DockPort (originally codenamed Lightning Bolt) is a backward-compatible extension of DisplayPort, adding USB 3. 0 and DC power, in addition to DisplayPort's video and audio signalling. Standardised by VESA, it is the first royalty-free industry standard to combine these four interface functions in one connector
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Dragon Data Ltd. was a Welsh producer of home computers during the early 1980s. These computers, the Dragon 32 and Dragon 64, strongly resembled the Tandy TRS-80 Color Computer ("CoCo")—both followed a standard Motorola datasheet configuration for the three key components (CPU, SAM and VDG)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
DYSEAC was the second Standards Electronic Automatic Computer. (See SEAC. )
DYSEAC was a first-generation computer built by the National Bureau of Standards for the U
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Safe household water storage is a critical component of a Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) system being promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) worldwide in areas that do not have piped drinking water. In these areas it is not uncommon for drinking water to be stored in a pot, jar, crock or other container in the home. Even if this drinking water was of acceptable microbiological quality initially, it can become contaminated from dirty hands and utensils, such as dirty dippers and cups
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A salsabil (or salasabil), also known as a shadirwan, is a type of fountain which maximizes the surface area of the water. It is used for evaporative cooling of buildings, cooling and aeration of drinking water, and ornament (it has also been used to prevent eavesdropping). The water may flow in a thin sheet or thin streams, often over a wavy surface with many little waterfalls
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (1000–36,000 ppm or 1–36 g/L) for the chlorination of swimming pools and hot tubs. The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator, or SWG) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt to produce chlorine gas or its dissolved forms, hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite, which are already commonly used as sanitizing agents in pools. Hydrogen is produced as byproduct too
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A screen filter is a type of water purification using a rigid or flexible screen to separate sand and other fine particles out of water for irrigation or industrial applications. These are generally not recommended for filtering out organic matter such as algae, since these types of contaminants can be extruded into spaghetti-like strings through the filter if enough pressure drop occurs across the filter surface. Typical screen materials include stainless steel (mesh), polypropylene, nylon and polyester
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A sediment basin is a temporary pond built on a construction site to capture eroded or disturbed soil that is washed off during rain storms, and protect the water quality of a nearby stream, river, lake, or bay. The sediment-laden soil settles in the pond before the runoff is discharged. Sediment basins are typically used on construction sites of 5 acres (20,000 m2) or more, where there is sufficient room
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water. Solid particles entrained by the turbulence of moving water may be removed naturally by sedimentation in the still water of lakes and oceans. Settling basins are ponds constructed for the purpose of removing entrained solids by sedimentation
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A settling basin, settling pond or decant pond is an earthen or concrete structure using sedimentation to remove settleable matter and turbidity from wastewater. The basins are used to control water pollution in diverse industries such as agriculture, aquaculture, and mining. Turbidity is an optical property of water caused by scattering of light by material suspended in that water
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A sewer dosing unit (SDU) is a plumbing device to allow effective sewage disposal with low liquid-flow rates. With a global emphasis on water saving, many new buildings and renovations are seeing the installation of water saving fixtures such as low flow shower heads and low flush toilets. With the decrease in wastewater flows problems are arising from waste solids not being carried completely to the main sewers, often causing blockages
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Sewer mining (or sewage mining) is a concept where municipal wastewater (sewage) is pumped from a trunk sewer and treated on-site to accommodate a range of local, nonpotable water needs. It is a strategy for combating water scarcity. It combines decentralized wastewater management and water reclamation
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Shock chlorination is a process used in many swimming pools, water wells, springs, and other water sources to reduce the bacterial and algal residue in the water. Shock chlorination is performed by mixing a large amount of sodium hypochlorite, which can be in the form of a powder or a liquid such as chlorine bleach, into the water. The common advice is that the amount added must raise the level of chlorine to 10X the level (in parts per million) of chloramines present in the pool water; this is "shocking"
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The silt density index is a measure for the fouling capacity of water in reverse osmosis systems. The test measures the rate at which a 0. 45-micrometre filter is plugged when subjected to a constant water pressure of 206
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A silt fence, sometimes (misleadingly) called a "filter fence," is a temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment (loose soil) in stormwater runoff. Silt fences are widely used on construction sites in North America and elsewhere, due to their low cost and simple design. However, their effectiveness in controlling sediment can be limited, due to problems with poor installation, proper placement, and/or inadequate maintenance
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Simultaneous nitrification–denitrification (SNdN) is a wastewater treatment process. Microbial simultaneous nitrification-denitrification is the conversion of the ammonium ion to nitrogen gas in a single bioreactor. The process is dependent on floc characteristics, reaction kinetics, mass loading of readily biodegradable chemical oxygen demand, rbCOD, and the dissolved oxygen, DO, concentration
Microbiology
The oxidation of the ammonium to nitrogen gas has been achieved with attached growth and suspended growth wastewater treatment processes
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
In plumbing, a sink strainer is a type of perforated metal sieve or mesh strainer used to strain or filter out solid debris in the water system. Different varieties are used in residential premises and for industrial or commercial applications. Such strainer elements are generally made from stainless steel for corrosion resistance
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Slingshot is a water purification device created by inventor Dean Kamen. Powered by a Stirling engine running on a combustible fuel source, it claims to be able to produce drinking water from almost any source by means of vapor compression distillation, requires no filters, and can operate using cow dung as fuel.
The name of the machine is a reference to the slingshot used by David to defeat Goliath
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Soap scum or lime soap is the white solid composed of calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and similar alkaline earth metal derivatives of fatty acids. These materials result from the addition of soap and other anionic surfactants to hard water. Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions, which react with the surfactant anion to give these metallic or lime soaps
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a salt of composition Na6[(PO3)6]. Sodium hexametaphosphate of commerce is typically a mixture of metaphosphates (empirical formula: NaPO3), of which the hexamer is one, and is usually the compound referred to by this name. Such a mixture is more correctly termed sodium polymetaphosphate
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Solar desalination is a desalination technique powered by solar energy. The two common methods are direct (thermal) and indirect (photovoltaic).
History
Solar distillation has been used for thousands of years
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The solar humidification–dehumidification method (HDH) is a thermal water desalination method. It is based on evaporation of sea water or brackish water and subsequent condensation of the generated humid air, mostly at ambient pressure. This process mimics the natural water cycle, but over a much shorter time frame
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the Sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight.
Still types include large scale concentrated solar stills and condensation traps
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Solar water disinfection, in short SODIS, is a type of portable water purification that uses solar energy to make biologically-contaminated (e. g. bacteria, viruses, protozoa and worms) water safe to drink
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A solar-powered desalination unit produces potable water from saline water through direct or indirect methods of desalination powered by sunlight. Solar energy is the most promising renewable energy source due to its ability to drive the more popular thermal desalination systems directly through solar collectors and to drive physical and chemical desalination systems indirectly through photovoltaic cells. Direct solar desalination produces distillate directly in the solar collector
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The solarball is a water purification device based on evaporation purification. It consists of a clear plastic sphere which users would fill with water and then wear on their heads. A solarball can produce three liters of clean water per day
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Solvatten is a simple portable device which uses sunlight to purify water for drinking. It was invented by Petra Wadström, and was intended mainly for domestic use in the developing world. Provided the sun is strong enough, it takes two to six hours to produce ten litres of drinking water
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Swimming pool sanitation is the process of ensuring healthy conditions in swimming pools. Proper sanitation is needed to maintain the visual clarity of water and to prevent the transmission of infectious waterborne diseases.
Methods
Two distinct and separate methods are employed in the sanitation of a swimming pool
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A traveling screen is a type of water filtration device that has a continuously moving mesh screen that is used to catch and remove debris. This type of device is usually found in water intake systems for drinking water and sewage treatment plants. Screening is considered the first step in conventional sewage treatment processes
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate (filtrate). This separation process is used in industry and research for purifying and concentrating macromolecular (103–106 Da) solutions, especially protein solutions
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Ultrapure water (UPW), high-purity water or highly purified water (HPW) is water that has been purified to uncommonly stringent specifications. Ultrapure water is a term commonly used in manufacturing to emphasize the fact that the water is treated to the highest levels of purity for all contaminant types, including: organic and inorganic compounds; dissolved and particulate matter; volatile and non-volatile; reactive, and inert; hydrophilic and hydrophobic; and dissolved gases.
UPW and the commonly used term deionized (DI) water are not the same
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Vapor-compression evaporation is the evaporation method by which a blower, compressor or jet ejector is used to compress, and thus, increase the pressure of the vapor produced. Since the pressure increase of the vapor also generates an increase in the condensation temperature, the same vapor can serve as the heating medium for its "mother" liquid or solution being concentrated, from which the vapor was generated to begin with. If no compression was provided, the vapor would be at the same temperature as the boiling liquid/solution, and no heat transfer could take place
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
see patent number # U. S. Patent No
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Waste stabilization ponds (WSPs or stabilization ponds or waste stabilization lagoons) are ponds designed and built for wastewater treatment to reduce the organic content and remove pathogens from wastewater. They are man-made depressions confined by earthen structures. Wastewater or "influent" enters on one side of the waste stabilization pond and exits on the other side as "effluent", after spending several days in the pond, during which treatment processes take place
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microbes in water. In particular, chlorination is used to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification may also be carried out for a variety of other purposes, including medical, pharmacological, chemical, and industrial applications
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Water resource policy, sometimes called water resource management or water management, encompasses the policy-making processes and legislation that affect the collection, preparation, use, disposal, and protection of water resources. Water is a necessity for all forms of life as well as industries on which humans are reliant, like technology development and agriculture. This global need for clean water access necessitates water resource policy to determine the means of supplying and protecting water resources
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Water scarcity (closely related to water stress or water crisis) is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two types of water scarcity namely physical and economic water scarcity. : 560 Physical water scarcity is where there is not enough water to meet all demands, including that needed for ecosystems to function
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Water testing is a broad description for various procedures used to analyze water quality. Millions of water quality tests are carried out daily to fulfill regulatory requirements and to maintain safety. Testing may be performed to evaluate:
ambient or environmental water quality – the ability of a surface water body to support aquatic life as an ecosystem
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS) is a national surveillance system maintained by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A watermaker is a device used to obtain potable water by reverse osmosis of seawater. In boating and yachting circles, desalinators are often referred to as "watermakers".
The devices can be expensive to acquire and maintain, but are quite valuable because they reduce the need for large water tanks for a long passage
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Wet infrastructure is the spectrum of water-related projects relating to water supply, treatment and storage, water resource management, flood management, coastal restoration, hydropower and renewable energy facilities. Common examples of wet infrastructure include new construction as well as renovations and maintenance of locks, weirs, storm-surge barriers, guiding structures, pumping plants, culverts, bridges, controlling systems, operating systems, and tunnel installations.
References
External links
New Trends in Water and Environmental Engineering for Safety and Life, p
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
A well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid resources, usually water. The oldest and most common kind of well is a water well, to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn up by a pump, or using containers, such as buckets or large water bags that are raised mechanically or by hand
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
The annulus of an oil well or water well is any void between any piping, tubing or casing and the piping, tubing, or casing immediately surrounding it. It is named after the corresponding geometric concept. The presence of an annulus gives the ability to circulate fluid in the well, provided that excess drill cuttings have not accumulated in the annulus, preventing fluid movement and possibly sticking the pipe in the borehole
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
In hydrogeology, an aquifer test (or a pumping test) is conducted to evaluate an aquifer by "stimulating" the aquifer through constant pumping, and observing the aquifer's "response" (drawdown) in observation wells. Aquifer testing is a common tool that hydrogeologists use to characterize a system of aquifers, aquitards and flow system boundaries.
A slug test is a variation on the typical aquifer test where an instantaneous change (increase or decrease) is made, and the effects are observed in the same well
|
https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.