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A satellite data unit (SDU) is an avionics device installed in an aircraft that allows air/ground communication via a satellite network. It is an integral part of an aircraft's SATCOM (satellite communication) system. The device connects with a satellite via ordinary radio frequency (RF) communication and the satellite then connects to a ground station or vice versa | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Slugs is an open-source autopilot system oriented toward inexpensive autonomous aircraft.
Low cost and wide availability enable hobbyist use in small remotely piloted aircraft. The project started in 2009 and is being further developed and used at Autonomous Systems Lab of University of California Santa Cruz | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A stand guidance system is a system which gives information to a pilot attempting to park an aircraft at an airport stand, usually via visual methods, leading to the term Visual Docking Guidance System (VDGS) and also A-VDGS (the A standing for advanced) This allows them to remain clear of obstructions and ensures that jetways can reach the aircraft.
AGNIS VDGS
Azimuth Guidance for Nose-In Stand is one of the most popular forms of stand guidance. It consists of two coloured lights mounted side by side | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In fluid mechanics the term static pressure has several uses:
In the design and operation of aircraft, static pressure is the air pressure in the aircraft's static pressure system.
In fluid dynamics, many authors use the term static pressure in preference to just pressure to avoid ambiguity. Often however, the word ‘static’ may be dropped and in that usage pressure is the same as static pressure at a nominated point in a fluid | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The tach(ometer) timer is an instrument used in aviation to accumulate the total number of revolutions performed by the engine. The unit of measure is equivalent to the number of hours of running at a certain, specific reference speed of rotation. If the reference speed of rotation is 2400 RPM then the timer runs in real time when the engine is running at 2400 RPM, half speed while the engine is run at 1200 RPM (a fast idle for some aviation engines) or at 5/6ths real time at 2000 RPM (a slow cruise speed) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A tactical air navigation system, commonly referred to by the acronym TACAN, is a navigation system used by military aircraft. It provides the user with bearing and distance (slant-range or hypotenuse) to a ground or ship-borne station. It is a more accurate version of the VOR/DME system that provides bearing and range information for civil aviation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Tactical Airborne Reconnaissance Pod System (TARPS) was a large and sophisticated camera pod carried by the Grumman F-14 Tomcat. It contains three camera bays with different type cameras which are pointed down at passing terrain. It was originally designed to provide an interim aerial reconnaissance capability until a dedicated F/A-18 Hornet reconnaissance version could be fielded | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A Takeoff Acceleration Monitoring System automates the pilot monitoring of Distance to Go (DTG), "to sense, in a timely fashion the development of insufficient acceleration, which would extend the takeoff roll, perhaps precipitously". Over the years, recommendations have been made to develop a Take Off Performance Management System. The NLR and NASA developed TOPMS prototypes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Terrain contour matching, or TERCOM, is a navigation system used primarily by cruise missiles. It uses a contour map of the terrain that is compared with measurements made during flight by an on-board radar altimeter. A TERCOM system considerably increases the accuracy of a missile compared with inertial navigation systems (INS) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In aviation, stagnation temperature is known as total air temperature and is measured by a temperature probe mounted on the surface of the aircraft. The probe is designed to bring the air to rest relative to the aircraft. As the air is brought to rest, kinetic energy is converted to internal energy | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In aviation, the turn and slip indicator (T/S, a. k. a | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In aviation, a variometer – also known as a rate of climb and descent indicator (RCDI), rate-of-climb indicator, vertical speed indicator (VSI), or vertical velocity indicator (VVI) – is one of the flight instruments in an aircraft used to inform the pilot of the rate of descent or climb. It can be calibrated in metres per second, feet per minute (1 ft/min = 0. 00508 m/s) or knots (1 kn ≈ 0 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The VHF Data Link or VHF Digital Link (VDL) is a means of sending information between aircraft and ground stations (and in the case of VDL Mode 4, other aircraft). Aeronautical VHF data links use the band 117. 975–137 MHz assigned by the International Telecommunication Union to Aeronautical mobile (R) service | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Very High Frequency Omnirange Station (VOR) is a type of short-range radio navigation system for aircraft, enabling aircraft with a receiving unit to determine its position and stay on course by receiving radio signals transmitted by a network of fixed ground radio beacons. It uses frequencies in the very high frequency (VHF) band from 108. 00 to 117 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In electronics, the figures of merit of an amplifier are numerical measures that characterize its properties and performance. Figures of merit can be given as a list of specifications that include properties such as gain, bandwidth, noise and linearity, among others listed in this article. Figures of merit are important for determining the suitability of a particular amplifier for an intended use | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cycling probe technology (CPT) is a molecular biological technique for detecting specific DNA sequences. CPT operates under isothermal conditions. In some applications, CPT offers an alternative to PCR | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Envelope tracking (ET) describes an approach to radio frequency (RF) amplifier design in which the power supply voltage applied to the RF power amplifier is continuously adjusted to ensure that the amplifier is operating at peak efficiency for power required at each instant of transmission. A conventional RF amplifier designed with a fixed supply voltage operates most efficiently only when operating in compression.
Amplifiers operating with a constant supply voltage become less efficient as the crest factor of the signal increases, because the amplifier spends more time operating below peak power and, therefore, spends more time operating below its maximum efficiency | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) is a method for in vitro DNA amplification (like the polymerase chain reaction) that takes place at a constant temperature.
Introduction
The polymerase chain reaction is the most widely used method for in vitro DNA amplification for purposes of molecular biology and biomedical research. This process involves the separation of the double-stranded DNA in high heat into single strands (the denaturation step, typically achieved at 95–97 °C), annealing of the primers to the single stranded DNA (the annealing step) and copying the single strands to create new double-stranded DNA (the extension step that requires the DNA polymerase) requires the reaction to be done in a thermal cycler | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In electronics and control system theory, loop gain is the sum of the gain, expressed as a ratio or in decibels, around a feedback loop. Feedback loops are widely used in electronics in amplifiers and oscillators, and more generally in both electronic and nonelectronic industrial control systems to control industrial plant and equipment. The concept is also used in biology | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A metadyne is a direct current electrical machine with two pairs of brushes. It can be used as an amplifier or rotary transformer. It is similar to a third brush dynamo but has additional regulator or "variator" windings | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, commonly referred to as NASBA, is a method in molecular biology which is used to produce multiple copies of single stranded RNA. NASBA is a two-step process that takes RNA and anneals specially designed primers, then utilizes an enzyme cocktail to amplify it.
Background
Nucleic acid amplification is a technique used to produce several copies of a specific segment of RNA/DNA | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. An optical amplifier may be thought of as a laser without an optical cavity, or one in which feedback from the cavity is suppressed. Optical amplifiers are important in optical communication and laser physics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A parametric oscillator is a driven harmonic oscillator in which the oscillations are driven by varying some parameter of the system at some frequency, typically different from the natural frequency of the oscillator. A simple example of a parametric oscillator is a child pumping a playground swing by periodically standing and squatting to increase the size of the swing's oscillations. The child's motions vary the moment of inertia of the swing as a pendulum | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Parasitic oscillation is an undesirable electronic oscillation (cyclic variation in output voltage or current) in an electronic or digital device. It is often caused by feedback in an amplifying device. The problem occurs notably in RF, audio, and other electronic amplifiers as well as in digital signal processing | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Polymerase cycling assembly (or PCA, also known as Assembly PCR) is a method for the assembly of large DNA oligonucleotides from shorter fragments. The process uses the same technology as PCR, but takes advantage of DNA hybridization and annealing as well as DNA polymerase to amplify a complete sequence of DNA in a precise order based on the single stranded oligonucleotides used in the process. It thus allows for the production of synthetic genes and even entire synthetic genomes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Second-order intercept point, also known as the SOI, IP2, or IIP2 (Input intercept point), is a measure of linearity that quantifies the second-order distortion generated by nonlinear systems and devices. Examples of frequently used devices that are concerned with this measure are amplifiers and mixers. It is related to the third-order intercept point, which is generally used for quantifying degree of nonlinearity of a nonlinear system or it can also be used to estimate the nonlinear products present at the output of such a system | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Self-oscillation is the generation and maintenance of a periodic motion by a source of power that lacks any corresponding periodicity. The oscillator itself controls the phase with which the external power acts on it. Self-oscillators are therefore distinct from forced and parametric resonators, in which the power that sustains the motion must be modulated externally | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The step response of a system in a given initial state consists of the time evolution of its outputs when its control inputs are Heaviside step functions. In electronic engineering and control theory, step response is the time behaviour of the outputs of a general system when its inputs change from zero to one in a very short time. The concept can be extended to the abstract mathematical notion of a dynamical system using an evolution parameter | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In telecommunications, a third-order intercept point (IP3 or TOI) is a specific figure of merit associated with the more general third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3), which is a measure for weakly nonlinear systems and devices, for example receivers, linear amplifiers and mixers. It is based on the idea that the device nonlinearity can be modeled using a low-order polynomial, derived by means of Taylor series expansion. The third-order intercept point relates nonlinear products caused by the third-order nonlinear term to the linearly amplified signal, in contrast to the second-order intercept point that uses second-order terms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The touchdown polymerase chain reaction or touchdown style polymerase chain reaction is a method of polymerase chain reaction by which primers avoid amplifying nonspecific sequences. The annealing temperature during a polymerase chain reaction determines the specificity of primer annealing. The melting point of the primer sets the upper limit on annealing temperature | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A tuned amplifier is an electronic amplifier which includes bandpass filtering components within the amplifier circuitry. They are widely used in a variety of wireless applications.
Schemes
There are several tuning schemes in use,
Staggered tuning where each amplifier stage is tuned to a slightly different frequency | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A datasheet, data sheet, or spec sheet is a document that summarizes the performance and other characteristics of a product, machine, component (e. g. , an electronic component), material, subsystem (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Standard components is a food technology term, when manufacturers buy in a standard component they would use a pre-made product in the production of their food.
They help products to be the same in consistency, they are quick and easy to use in batch production of food products.
Some examples are pre-made stock cubes, marzipan, icing, ready made pastry | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs. These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A 3D Content Retrieval system is a computer system for browsing, searching and retrieving three dimensional digital contents (e. g. : Computer-aided design, molecular biology models, and cultural heritage 3D scenes, etc | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An automotive navigation system is part of the automobile controls or a third party add-on used to find direction in an automobile. It typically uses a satellite navigation device to get its position data which is then correlated to a position on a road. When directions are needed routing can be calculated | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Electronic resource management (ERM) is the practices and techniques used by librarians and library staff to track the selection, acquisition, licensing, access, maintenance, usage, evaluation, retention, and de-selection of a library's electronic information resources. These resources include, but are not limited to, electronic journals, electronic books, streaming media, databases, datasets, CD-ROMs, and computer software.
History
Following the advent of the Digital Revolution, libraries began incorporating electronic information resources into their collections and services | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ISO 2709 is an ISO standard for bibliographic descriptions, titled Information and documentation—Format for information exchange. It is maintained by the Technical Committee for Information and Documentation (TC 9846).
History
In the late 1960s the MARC format was developed under the direction of Henriette Avram at the Library of Congress to encode the information printed on library cards | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Jointly Administered Knowledge Environment, or jake, was the first open source OpenURL link server. It was a free database created by Yale University. Jake contained metadata about periodicals, including which databases a periodical appeared in, and whether it was indexed, abstracted, or full-text | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Library Corporation (TLC) creates and distributes automation and cataloging software to public, school, academic, and special library systems worldwide. Based in Inwood, W. Va | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MARC (machine-readable cataloging) is a standard set of digital formats for the machine-readable description of items catalogued by libraries, such as books, DVDs, and digital resources. Computerized library catalogs and library management software need to structure their catalog records as per an industry-wide standard, which is MARC, so that bibliographic information can be shared freely between computers. The structure of bibliographic records almost universally follows the MARC standard | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Melvyl was the name of the online catalog of the University of California's library system. The Melvyl union catalog was produced by the California Digital Library — a unit within the department of Academic Planning, Programs, and Coordination at the UC Office of the President in downtown Oakland, California. Melvyl was named after Melvil Dewey, the library pioneer who invented the Dewey Decimal System | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol (NCIP) is a protocol that is limited to the exchange of messages between and among computer-based applications to enable them to perform functions necessary to lend and borrow items, to provide controlled access to electronic resources, and to facilitate cooperative management of these functions.
Released in May 2001 and approved on October 17, 2002, ANSI/NISO Z39. 83-2002 or NCIP is a "NISO Draft Standard for Trial Use | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NOTIS (Northwestern Online Total Integrated System) was a seminal integrated library system first created at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA in 1968. John P. McGowan, University Librarian from 1971 to 1992, recruited Professor James S | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
OpenBiblio is an open source Integrated Library System. The software is popular with small and rural libraries worldwide due to its simplicity, extensive language support, and good documentation.
History
Openbiblio was created in 2002 by Dave Stevens, who was interested in creating an easy-to-use, well-documented, easy-to-install library system | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tinlib was an integrated library system based on a database management system named Tinman. The system was developed for MS-DOS and UNIX.
History
Tinlib was developed in 1985 by Dr | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Voyager is an integrated library system used by hundreds of libraries, universities and museums around the world. Voyager was developed by Endeavor Information Systems Inc. , which was merged into Ex Libris Group in December 2006 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Z39. 50 is an international standard client–server, application layer communications protocol for searching and retrieving information from a database over a TCP/IP computer network, developed and maintained by the Library of Congress. It is covered by ANSI/NISO standard Z39 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Motion control is a sub-field of automation, encompassing the systems or sub-systems involved in moving parts of machines in a controlled manner. Motion control systems are extensively used in a variety of fields for automation purposes, including precision engineering, micromanufacturing, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. The main components involved typically include a motion controller, an energy amplifier, and one or more prime movers or actuators | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A high performance positioning system (HPPS) is a type of positioning system consisting of a piece of electromechanics equipment (e. g. an assembly of linear stages and rotary stages) that is capable of moving an object in a three-dimensional space within a work envelope | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A servomotor (or servo motor) is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity, and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a dedicated module designed specifically for use with servomotors | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Aegis Sonix is a music sequencer and a score editor for the Amiga created by Aegis Development and published in 1987. The application offers a combination of a notation editor and an editor of digital sounds and is able to edit IFF music instruments and other digital sound files.
History
Commodore International developed but never officially released a sound application called Musicraft for its Amiga series of computers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An analog sequencer is a music sequencer constructed from analog (analogue) electronics, invented in the first half of the 20th century.
Raymond Scott designed and constructed some of the first electro-mechanical music sequencers in the 1940s. The first electronic sequencer was invented by Raymond Scott, using thyratrons and relays | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
B-Step Sequencer is a multitrack software MIDI step sequencer that is available as either a standalone application or in audio plug-in format (VST and Audio Units). Primarily used to create melodical sequences to trigger soft or hardware synthesizer, whether in a studio environment or live on stage, it has a user interface based on pattern and TR music sequencers.
History
The first version of B-Step Sequencer (1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A drum machine is an electronic musical instrument that creates percussion sounds, drum beats, and patterns. Drum machines may imitate drum kits or other percussion instruments, or produce unique sounds, such as synthesized electronic tones. A drum machine often has pre-programmed beats and patterns for popular genres and styles, such as pop music, rock music, and dance music | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ensoniq ESQ-1 is a 61-key, velocity sensitive, eight-note polyphonic and multitimbral synthesizer released by Ensoniq in 1985. It was marketed as a "digital wave synthesizer" but was an early Music Workstation. Although its voice generation is typically subtractive in much the same fashion as most analog synthesizers that preceded it, its oscillators are neither voltage nor "digitally controlled", but true digital oscillators, provided by a custom Ensoniq wavetable chip | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Korg Triton is a music workstation synthesizer, featuring digital sampling and sequencing, released in 1999. It uses Korg's HI Synthesis tone generator and was eventually available in several model variants with numerous upgrade options. The Triton became renowned as a benchmark of keyboard technology, and has been widely featured in music videos and live concerts | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A music workstation is an electronic musical instrument providing the facilities of:
a sound module,
a music sequencer and
(usually) a musical keyboard. It enables a musician to compose electronic music using just one piece of equipment.
Origin of concept
The concept of a music sequencer combined with a synthesizer originated in the late 1970s with the combination of microprocessors, mini-computers, digital synthesis, disk-based storage, and control devices such as musical keyboards becoming feasible to combine into a single piece of equipment that was affordable to high-end studios and producers, as well as being portable for performers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Oberheim DS-2 is a pre-MIDI digital music sequencer. Designed and built in 1974 by Tom Oberheim, it is considered one of the first ever digital musical sequencers.
Features
The DS-2 is capable of storing and sequencing 48 notes and provides a single channel of CV/Gate input and output | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The MPU-401, where MPU stands for MIDI Processing Unit, is an important but now obsolete interface for connecting MIDI-equipped electronic music hardware to personal computers. It was designed by Roland Corporation, which also co-authored the MIDI standard.
Design
Released around 1984, the original MPU-401 was an external breakout box providing MIDI IN/MIDI OUT/MIDI THRU/TAPE IN/TAPE OUT/MIDI SYNC connectors, for use with a separately-sold interface card/cartridge ("MPU-401 interface kit") inserted into a computer system | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Boss Dr. Sample SP-202 is a discontinued sampling workstation made by Boss Corporation, a division under Roland Corporation. Released in the year of 1998, it is the premier installment to the SP family, which includes Boss’s popular SP-303 and Roland's SP-404 installments | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Boss Dr. Sample SP-303 is a discontinued digital sampler from Boss, successor of the Boss SP-202 Dr. Sample | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Roland SP-404 Sampling Workstation is a discontinued sampler made by Roland Corporation. Released in 2005, it is part of the SP family and successor to where Boss Corporation’s SP-505 sampler left off. The sampler was succeeded by the SP-555 in 2008, but was later given its own upgrade as the Roland SP-404SX Linear Wave Sampler in 2009 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The BOSS SP-505 Groove Sampling Workstation/SP-505 is a sampling workstation made by Boss Corporation, which is a division of Roland Corporation. The digital sampler is part of the SP family and was released in the year of 2002, as a follow-up to Roland’s SP-303 installment. Ironically, both the 303 and 505 installments were succeeded by the release of Roland's SP-404 in the year of 2005 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Roland SP-555 is a discontinued music sampler manufactured by Roland Corporation. The 555 is part of the SP family, which includes Boss’s popular SP-303 and Roland's SP-404 installments. The sampler was released in 2008 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Roland SP-606 is a music sampler manufactured by Roland Corporation. It is part of the SP family, which includes Roland’s popular SP-303 and SP-404 installments. Released in the year of 2004, the sampler was soon succeeded in 2005 by the SP-404 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Synclavier is an early digital synthesizer, polyphonic digital sampling system, and music workstation manufactured by New England Digital Corporation of Norwich, Vermont. It was produced in various forms from the late 1970s into the early 1990s. The instrument has been used by prominent musicians | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A walkstation is an electronic music device which provides musicians with the facilities of a music workstation in a portable package.
The term was introduced as part of the marketing for the Yamaha QY10, presumably as a portmanteau of Walkman and workstation.
Its usage is typically limited to the portable members of Yamaha's QY sequencer family | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An automatic soap dispenser is a device that dispenses a controlled amount of soap solution (or a similar liquid such as a hand sanitizer). They are often used in conjunction with automatic faucets in public restrooms. They function to conserve the amount of soap used and stem infectious disease transmission | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An automated restaurant or robotic restaurant is a restaurant that uses robots to do tasks such as delivering food and drink to the tables and/or cooking the food.
History
Restaurant automation means the use of a restaurant management system to automate the major operations of a restaurant establishment. When discussing commercial restaurant automation, it is hard not to mention Yoshiaki Shiraishi | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A robot is a machine—especially one programmable by a computer—capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. A robot can be guided by an external control device, or the control may be embedded within. Robots may be constructed to evoke human form, but most robots are task-performing machines, designed with an emphasis on stark functionality, rather than expressive aesthetics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of electronics and communication, computer science and engineering. Robotics involves the design, construction, operation, and use of robots. The goal of robotics is to design machines that can help and assist humans | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots. Robotics is related to the sciences of electronics, engineering, mechanics, and software. The following is a list of common definitions related to the Robotics field | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to robotics:
Robotics is a branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in appearance, behaviour, and or cognition. Many of today's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ameca is a robotic humanoid created by Engineered Arts.
History
The first generation of Ameca was developed at Engineered Arts headquarters in Falmouth, Cornwall UK. The project started in February 2021 with the first video revealed publicly on Dec 1st 2021 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Anthrobotics is the science of developing and studying robots that are either entirely or in some way human-like.
The term anthrobotics was originally coined by Mark Rosheim in a paper entitled "Design of An Omnidirectional Arm" presented at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, May 13–18, 1990, pp. 2162–2167 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An artificial brain (or artificial mind) is software and hardware with cognitive abilities similar to those of the animal or human brain. Research investigating "artificial brains" and brain emulation plays three important roles in science:
An ongoing attempt by neuroscientists to understand how the human brain works, known as cognitive neuroscience.
A thought experiment in the philosophy of artificial intelligence, demonstrating that it is possible, at least in theory, to create a machine that has all the capabilities of a human being | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An automaton (; PL: automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine, or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations, or respond to predetermined instructions. Some automata, such as bellstrikers in mechanical clocks, are designed to give the illusion to the casual observer that they are operating under their own power or will, like a mechanical robot. The term has long been commonly associated with automated puppets that resemble moving humans or animals, built to impress and/or to entertain people | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An autonomous aircraft is an aircraft which flies under the control of automatic systems and needs no intervention from a human pilot. Most autonomous aircraft are unmanned aerial vehicle or drones. However, autonomous control systems are reaching a point where several air taxis and associated regulatory regimes are being developed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Autonomous logistics describes systems that provide unmanned, autonomous transfer of equipment, baggage, people, information or resources from point-to-point with minimal human intervention. Autonomous logistics is a new area being researched and currently there are few papers on the topic, with even fewer systems developed or deployed. With web enabled cloud software there are companies focused on developing and deploying such systems which will begin coming online in 2018 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Autonomous things, abbreviated AuT, or the Internet of autonomous things, abbreviated as IoAT, is an emerging term for the technological developments that are expected to bring computers into the physical environment as autonomous entities without human direction, freely moving and interacting with humans and other objects.
Self-navigating drones are the first AuT technology in (limited) deployment. It is expected that the first mass-deployment of AuT technologies will be the autonomous car, generally expected to be available around 2020 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Behavior-based robotics (BBR) or behavioral robotics is an approach in robotics that focuses on robots that are able to exhibit complex-appearing behaviors despite little internal variable state to model its immediate environment, mostly gradually correcting its actions via sensory-motor links.
Principles
Behavior-based robotics sets itself apart from traditional artificial intelligence by using biological systems as a model. Classic artificial intelligence typically uses a set of steps to solve problems, it follows a path based on internal representations of events compared to the behavior-based approach | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bin picking (also referred to as random bin picking) is a core problem in computer vision and robotics. The goal is to have a robot with sensors and cameras attached to it pick-up known objects with random poses out of a bin using a suction gripper, parallel gripper, or other kind of robot end effector.
Early work on bin picking made use of Photometric Stereo
in recovering the shapes of objects and to determine their orientation in space | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A biohybrid microswimmer can be defined as a microswimmer that consist of both biological and artificial constituents, for instance, one or several living microorganisms attached to one or various synthetic parts.
In recent years nanoscopic and mesoscopic objects have been designed to collectively move through direct inspiration from nature or by harnessing its existing tools. Small mesoscopic to nanoscopic systems typically operate at low Reynolds numbers (Re ≪ 1), and understanding their motion becomes challenging | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Biorobotics is an interdisciplinary science that combines the fields of biomedical engineering, cybernetics, and robotics to develop new technologies that integrate biology with mechanical systems to develop more efficient communication, alter genetic information, and create machines that imitate biological systems.
Cybernetics
Cybernetics focuses on the communication and system of living organisms and machines that can be applied and combined with multiple fields of study such as biology, mathematics, computer science, engineering, and much more. This discipline falls under the branch of biorobotics because of its combined field of study between biological bodies and mechanical systems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Blobotics is a term describing research into chemical-based computer processors based on ions rather than electrons. Andrew Adamatzky, a computer scientist at the University of the West of England, Bristol used the term in an article in New Scientist March 28, 2005 [1].
The aim is to create 'liquid logic gates' which would be 'infinitely reconfigurable and self-healing' | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Bowler Communications System is an open protocol developed by Neuron Robotics for simplified communications between components in cyber-physical systems.
External links
https://web. archive | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cloud robotics is a field of robotics that attempts to invoke cloud technologies such as cloud computing, cloud storage, and other Internet technologies centered on the benefits of converged infrastructure and shared services for robotics. When connected to the cloud, robots can benefit from the powerful computation, storage, and communication resources of modern data center in the cloud, which can process and share information from various robots or agent (other machines, smart objects, humans, etc. ) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cognitive Robotics or Cognitive Technology is a subfield of robotics concerned with endowing a robot with intelligent behavior by providing it with a processing architecture that will allow it to learn and reason about how to behave in response to complex goals in a complex world. Cognitive robotics may be considered the engineering branch of embodied cognitive science and embodied embedded cognition, consisting of Robotic Process Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Optical Character Recognition, Image Processing, Process Mining, Analytics, Software Development and System Integration.
Core issues
While traditional cognitive modeling approaches have assumed symbolic coding schemes as a means for depicting the world, translating the world into these kinds of symbolic representations has proven to be problematic if not untenable | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Collision detection is the computational problem of detecting the intersection of two or more objects. Collision detection is a classic issue of computational geometry and has applications in various computing fields, primarily in computer graphics, computer games, computer simulations, robotics and computational physics. Collision detection algorithms can be divided into operating on 2D and 3D objects | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission began in February 2007 as a constellation of five NASA satellites (THEMIS-A through THEMIS-E) to study energy releases from Earth's magnetosphere known as substorms, magnetic phenomena that intensify auroras near Earth's poles. The name of the mission is an acronym alluding to the Titan Themis. Three of the satellites orbit the Earth within the magnetosphere, while two have been moved into orbit around the Moon | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pickleball is a racket or paddle sport in which two (singles) or four (doubles) players hit a perforated, hollow plastic ball with paddles over a 34-inch-high (0. 86 m) net until one side is unable to return the ball or commits an infraction. Pickleball is played indoors and outdoors | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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{{WADA presidents|state=collapsed}} will show the template collapsed, i. e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
As a signatory to the World Anti-Doping Code, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) prohibits the use of banned performance-enhancing substances by competitors at the World Championships in Athletics. A list of WADA-banned substances is regularly published to the public and amended as scientific knowledge expands. The IAAF and anti-doping bodies undertake in-competition sampling of athletes blood and urine in order to detect where athletes have taken banned substances | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Abortion doping is a rumoured practice of purposely inducing pregnancy specifically for athletic performance-enhancing benefits, and then aborting the pregnancy. Rumours and allegations began during international sporting events in the mid-twentieth century, and a number of doctors and scientists have repeated claims about it, but it remains unproven, and is often regarded as a myth.
Potential physical benefits
Hormonal and other changes in pregnancy affect physical performance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An adulterant is caused by the act of adulteration, a practice of secretly mixing a substance with another. Typical substances that are adulterated include but are not limited to food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuel, or other chemicals, that compromise the safety or effectiveness of the said substance.
It will not normally be present in any specification or declared substances due to accident or negligence rather than intent, and also for the introduction of unwanted substances after the product has been made | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Anabolic steroids, also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are synthetic substances that mimic the effects of testosterone, the male sex hormone. They are used to increase muscle size, strength, and performance and are commonly associated with athletic performance enhancement and bodybuilding. Anabolic steroids are classified as Schedule III controlled substances in many countries due to their potential for abuse and adverse health effects | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The BALCO scandal was a scandal involving the use of banned, performance-enhancing substances by professional athletes.
The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) was a San Francisco Bay Area business which supplied anabolic steroids to professional athletes. In 2002 the US federal government investigated the laboratory | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An athlete biological passport is an individual electronic record for professional athletes, in which profiles of biological markers of doping and results of doping tests are collated over a period of time. Doping violations can be detected by noting variances from an athlete's established levels outside permissible limits, rather than testing for and identifying illegal substances. Although the terminology athlete passport is recent, the use of biological markers of doping has a long history in anti-doping | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Blood doping is a form of doping in which the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream is boosted in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood can improve an athlete's aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and endurance. Blood doping can be achieved by making the body produce more red blood cells itself using drugs, giving blood transfusions either from another person or back to the same individual, or by using blood substitutes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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