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Efforts to save endangered species may, paradoxically, lead to conservation-induced extinction of other species. This mostly threatens the parasite and pathogen species that are highly host-specific to critically endangered hosts. When the last individuals of a host species are captured for the purpose of captive breeding and reintroduction programs, they typically undergo anti-parasitic treatments to increase survival and reproductive success | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
De-extinction (also known as resurrection biology, or species revivalism) is the process of generating an organism that either resembles or is an extinct species. There are several ways to carry out the process of de-extinction. Cloning is the most widely proposed method, although genome editing and selective breeding have also been considered | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In ecology, extinction debt is the future extinction of species due to events in the past. The phrases dead clade walking and survival without recovery express the same idea. Extinction debt occurs because of time delays between impacts on a species, such as destruction of habitat, and the species' ultimate disappearance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In population dynamics, depensation is the effect on a population (such as a fish stock) whereby, due to certain causes, a decrease in the breeding population (mature individuals) leads to reduced production and survival of eggs or offspring. The causes may include predation levels rising per offspring (given the same level of overall predator pressure) and the Allee effect, particularly the reduced likelihood of finding a mate.
Critical depensation
When the level of depensation is high enough that the population is no longer able to sustain itself, it is said to be a critical depensation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ecological extinction is "the reduction of a species to such low abundance that, although it is still present in the community, it no longer interacts significantly with other species". Ecological extinction stands out because it is the interaction ecology of a species that is important for conservation work. They state that "unless the species interacts significantly with other species in the community (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In paleontology, an Elvis taxon (plural Elvis taxa) is a taxon that has been misidentified as having re-emerged in the fossil record after a period of presumed extinction, but is not actually a descendant of the original taxon, instead having developed a similar morphology by convergent evolution. This implies that the extinction of the original taxon is real, and one taxon containing specimens from before and after the extinction would be polyphyletic.
Etymology
The term "Elvis taxon" was coined by D | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An endling is the last known individual of a species or subspecies. Once the endling dies, the species becomes extinct. The word was coined in correspondence in the scientific journal Nature | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Evolutionary suicide is an evolutionary phenomenon in which the process of adaptation causes the population to become extinct. It provides an alternative explanation for extinction, which is due to misadaptation rather than failure to adapt. For example, individuals might be selected to destroy own food (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Homo erectus (; meaning "upright man") is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, with its earliest occurrence about 2 million years ago. Its specimens are among the first recognizable members of the genus Homo.
Several human species, such as H | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In paleontology, a fern spike is the occurrence of unusually high spore abundance of ferns in the fossil record, usually immediately (in a geological sense) after an extinction event. The spikes are believed to represent a large, temporary increase in the number of ferns relative to other terrestrial plants after the extinction or thinning of the latter. Fern spikes are strongly associated with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, although they have been found in other points of time and space such as at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Functional extinction is the extinction of a species or other taxon such that:
It disappears from the fossil record, or historic reports of its existence cease;
The reduced population no longer plays a significant role in ecosystem function; or
The population is no longer viable. There are no individuals able to reproduce, or the small population of breeding individuals will not be able to sustain itself due to inbreeding depression and genetic drift, which leads to a loss of fitness. In plant populations, self-incompatibility mechanisms may cause related plant specimens to be incompatible, which may lead to functional extinction if an entire population becomes self-incompatible | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Holocene extinction, or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event during the Holocene epoch. The extinctions span numerous families of plants and animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, invertebrates, and affecting not just terrestrial species but also large sectors of marine life. With widespread degradation of biodiversity hotspots, such as coral reefs and rainforests, as well as other areas, the vast majority of these extinctions are thought to be undocumented, as the species are undiscovered at the time of their extinction, which goes unrecorded | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
How to Clone a Mammoth: The Science of De-Extinction is a 2015 non-fiction book by biologist Beth Shapiro and published by Princeton University Press. The book describes the current state of de-extinction technology and what the processes involved require in order to accomplish the potential resurrection of extinct species.
Content
The book is laid out as a step-by-step guide on how to clone an animal, with each chapter detailing a different topic that needs to be explored and answered before de-extinction of a species will be complete | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Island Conservation is a non-profit organization with the mission to prevent extinctions by removing invasive species from islands. Island Conservation has therefore focused its efforts on islands with species categorized as Critically Endangered and Endangered on the IUCN's Red List. Working in partnership with local communities, government management agencies, and conservation organizations, Island Conservation develops plans and implements the removal of invasive alien species, and conducts field research to document the benefits of the work and to inform future projects | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In conservation biology, latent extinction risk is a measure of the potential for a species to become threatened.
Latent risk can most easily be described as the difference, or discrepancy, between the current observed extinction risk of a species (typically as quantified by the IUCN Red List) and the theoretical extinction risk of a species predicted by its biological or life history characteristics.
Calculation
Because latent risk is the discrepancy between current and predicted risks, estimates of both of these values are required (See population modeling and population dynamics) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Life Cairn is a type of public memorial built around the world for species rendered extinct by human activity. It takes the form of a cairn. The first Life Cairn was raised on Mount Caburn, near Lewes in East Sussex | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A living fossil is an extant taxon that cosmetically resembles related species known only from the fossil record. To be considered a living fossil, the fossil species must be old relative to the time of origin of the extant clade. Living fossils commonly are of species-poor lineages, but they need not be | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Necrofauna are species that were previously extinct and have been biologically revived or recreated by the process of de-extinction.
Necrofauna are proxies or imitations of their former species and not identical replicas. Due to a number of technological, biological and environmental factors, they are considered a new type organism altogether | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pseudoextinction (or phyletic extinction) of a species occurs when all members of the species are extinct, but members of a daughter species remain alive. The term pseudoextinction refers to the evolution of a species into a new form, with the resultant disappearance of the ancestral form. Pseudoextinction results in the relationship between ancestor and descendant still existing even though the ancestor species no longer exists | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Revive & Restore is a nonprofit wildlife conservation organization bringing biotechnology to conservation. Biotechnology can be used to increase genetic diversity, build disease resistance, and facilitate adaptation. Headquartered in Sausalito, California, the organization's mission is to enhance biodiversity through the genetic rescue of endangered and extinct species | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Extinction threshold is a term used in conservation biology to explain the point at which a species, population or metapopulation, experiences an abrupt change in density or number because of an important parameter, such as habitat loss. It is at this critical value below which a species, population, or metapopulation, will go extinct, though this may take a long time for species just below the critical value, a phenomenon known as extinction debt. Extinction thresholds are important to conservation biologists when studying a species in a population or metapopulation context because the colonization rate must be larger than the extinction rate, otherwise the entire entity will go extinct once it reaches the threshold | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Extinction vortices are a class of models through which conservation biologists, geneticists and ecologists can understand the dynamics of and categorize extinctions in the context of their causes. This model shows the events that ultimately lead small populations to become increasingly vulnerable as they spiral toward extinction. Developed by M | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The windshield phenomenon (or windscreen phenomenon) is the observation that fewer dead insects accumulate on the windshields and front bumpers of people's cars since the early 2000s. It has been attributed to a global decline in insect populations caused by human activity, e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The carrying capacity of an environment is the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available. The carrying capacity is defined as the environment's maximal load, which in population ecology corresponds to the population equilibrium, when the number of deaths in a population equals the number of births (as well as immigration and emigration). The effect of carrying capacity on population dynamics is modelled with a logistic function | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cover-abundance is a measure of plant cover, used in phytosociology (or vegetation science). It is based on percentages at the top end, but uses abundance estimates for species with a low plant cover. Several scales of cover-abundance are used, e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ecological yield is the harvestable population growth of an ecosystem. It is most commonly measured in forestry: sustainable forestry is defined as that which does not harvest more wood in a year than has grown in that year, within a given patch of forest.
However, the concept is also applicable to water, soil, and any other aspect of an ecosystem which can be both harvested and renewed—called renewable resources | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The effective population size (Ne) is a number that, in some simplified scenarios, corresponds to the number of breeding individuals in the population. More generally, Ne is the number of individuals that an idealised population would need to have in order for some specified quantity of interest (typically change of genetic diversity or inbreeding rates) to be the same as in the real population. Idealised populations are based on unrealistic but convenient simplifications such as random mating, simultaneous birth of each new generation, constant population size, and equal numbers of children per parent | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The FLuorescence EXplorer (FLEX) is a planned mission by the European Space Agency to launch a satellite to monitor the global steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence in terrestrial vegetation. FLEX was selected for funding on 19 November 2015 and will be launched on a Vega C rocket from Guiana Space Centre in mid-2025.
Overview
The FLuorescence EXplorer (FLEX) mission is the eighth mission in the Earth Explorer programme, (part of ESA's Living Planet Programme) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Leaf size of plants can be described using the terms megaphyll, macrophyll, mesophyll, microphyll, nanophyll and leptophyll (in descending order) in a classification devised in 1934 by Christen C. Raunkiær and since modified by others. Definitions vary, some referring to length and others to area | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Living Planet Index (LPI) is an indicator of the state of global biological diversity, based on trends in vertebrate populations of species from around the world. The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) manages the index in cooperation with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).
As of 2022, the index is statistically created from journal studies, online databases and government reports for 31,821 populations of 5,230 species of mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian and fish | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Minimum viable population (MVP) is a lower bound on the population of a species, such that it can survive in the wild. This term is commonly used in the fields of biology, ecology, and conservation biology. MVP refers to the smallest possible size at which a biological population can exist without facing extinction from natural disasters or demographic, environmental, or genetic stochasticity | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Morisita's overlap index, named after Masaaki Morisita, is a statistical measure of dispersion of individuals in a population. It is used to compare overlap among samples (Morisita 1959). This formula is based on the assumption that increasing the size of the samples will increase the diversity because it will include different habitats (i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In population ecology and economics, optimum sustainable yield is the level of effort (LOE) that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total cost. Or, where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. This level of effort maximizes the economic profit, or rent, of the resource being utilized | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The photosynthetic efficiency is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in green plants and algae. Photosynthesis can be described by the simplified chemical reaction
6 H2O + 6 CO2 + energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2where C6H12O6 is glucose (which is subsequently transformed into other sugars, starches, cellulose, lignin, and so forth). The value of the photosynthetic efficiency is dependent on how light energy is defined – it depends on whether we count only the light that is absorbed, and on what kind of light is used (see Photosynthetically active radiation) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The abundances of plant species are often measured by plant cover, which is the relative area covered by different plant species in a small plot. Plant cover is not biased by the size and distributions of individuals, and is an important and often measured characteristic of the composition of plant communities.
Usage
Plant cover data may be used to classify the studied plant community into a vegetation type, to test different ecological hypothesis on plant abundance, and in gradient studies, where the effects of different environmental gradients on the abundance of specific plant species are studied | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1. 1% per year | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented in a given community (a dataset). The effective number of species refers to the number of equally abundant species needed to obtain the same mean proportional species abundance as that observed in the dataset of interest (where all species may not be equally abundant). Meanings of species diversity may include species richness, taxonomic or phylogenetic diversity, and/or species evenness | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Nature conservation is the moral philosophy and conservation movement focused on protecting species from extinction, maintaining and restoring habitats, enhancing ecosystem services, and protecting biological diversity. A range of values underlie conservation, which can be guided by biocentrism, anthropocentrism, ecocentrism, and sentientism, environmental ideologies that inform ecocultural practices and identities. There has recently been a movement towards evidence-based conservation which calls for greater use of scientific evidence to improve the effectiveness of conservation efforts | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The beaver drop was a 1948 Idaho Department of Fish and Game program to relocate beavers (Castor canadensis). The program involved moving 76 beavers by airplane and parachuting them to new areas in Central Idaho. The program was initiated to both reduce cost and decrease mortality rates during the relocation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Desulfovibrio profundus is a bacterium. It is sulfate-reducing barophilic bacteria. It is strictly anaerobic, vibrio-shaped and its type strain is 500–1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Desulfovibrio putealis is a bacterium. It is sulfate-reducing. Its cells are motile by means of a polar flagellum and contain desulfoviridin | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Desulfovibrio sulfodismutans is a bacterium. It grows under strictly anaerobic conditions by disproportionation of thiosulfate or sulfite to sulfate and sulfide. ThAc01 is its type strain | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Desulfovibrionales are a taxonomic order of bacteria belonging to the phylum Thermodesulfobacteriota, with four families. They are Gram-negative. The majority are sulfate-reducing, with the exception of Lawsonia and Bilophila | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum is a species of autotrophic, sulphur-reducing bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. It is the type species of its genus, being thermophilic, anaerobic, Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped, with type strain BSAT (= DSM 11699T).
References
Further reading
Göker, Markus; Daligault, Hajnalka; Mwirichia, Romano; Lapidus, Alla; Lucas, Susan; Deshpande, Shweta; Pagani, Ioanna; Tapia, Roxanne; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Goodwin, Lynne; Pitluck, Sam; Liolios, Konstantinos; Ivanova, Natalia; Mavromatis, Konstantinos; Mikhailova, Natalia; Pati, Amrita; Chen, Amy; Palaniappan, Krishna; Han, Cliff; Land, Miriam; Hauser, Loren; Pan, Chongle; Brambilla, Evelyne-Marie; Rohde, Manfred; Spring, Stefan; Sikorski, Johannes; Wirth, Reinhard; Detter, John C | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans is an anaerobic, slightly halophilic, thiosulfate-reducing bacterium. Its genome has been sequenced. It is vibrio-shaped (3-5 by 1 µm), gram-negative and possesses lateral flagella | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Electric bacteria are forms of bacteria that directly consume and excrete electrons at different energy potentials without requiring the metabolization of any sugars or other nutrients. This form of life appears to be especially adapted to low-oxygen environments. Most life forms require an oxygen environment in which to release the excess of electrons which are produced in metabolizing sugars | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Eobacterium is an extinct genus of bacteria from the Fig Tree Formation in Africa. It is about 3 billion years old, one of the oldest known organisms. The discovery of Eobacterium and other Fig Tree organisms in the 1960s helped prove that life existed over three billion years ago | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Eubacterium eligens is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria in the shape of a rod. Its natural habitat is the human colon. Very little is known about how it affects human health | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fermentibacteria (formerly Hyd24-12) is a bacterial phylum with candidate status. It is part of the FCB group. The original clone sequence used to define Fermentibacteria as a phylum (AJ535232) was recovered from the Hydrate Ridge cold seep environment (Cascadia Margin, offshore from OR, USA) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ferrimonadaceae is a family in the order of Alteromonadales.
References
Further reading
Cooper, Edwin Lowell (2018). Advances in Comparative Immunology | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fervidobacterium changbaicum is a species of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria. It is non-sporulating, motile, gram-negative, and rod-shaped. The type strain is CBS-1(T) (=DSM 17883(T) =JCM 13353(T)) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fervidobacterium gondwanense is a species of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria. It is non-sporulating, motile, gram-negative, and rod-shaped.
References
Further reading
Ravot, Gilles, et al | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Gemmatimonadota are a phylum of bacteria established in 2003. The phylum contains two classes Gemmatimonadetes and Longimicrobia.
Species
The type species Gemmatimonas aurantiaca strain T-27T was isolated from activated sludge in a sewage treatment system in 2003 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gemmatimonas is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile and non-spore-forming genus of bacteria from the family of Gemmatimonaceae.
References
Further reading
Yamagishi, Akihiko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Usui, Tomohiro (27 February 2019). Astrobiology: From the Origins of Life to the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gemmatimonas aurantiaca is a Gram-negative, aerobic, polyphosphate-accumulating micro-organism. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped aerobe, with type strain T-27T (=JCM 11422T =DSM 14586T). It replicates by budding | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gemmatimonas phototrophica is an aerobic, anoxygenic and chlorophotoheterotroph bacterium species from the genus of Gemmatimonas.
References
Further reading
Yamagishi, Akihiko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Usui, Tomohiro (27 February 2019). Astrobiology: From the Origins of Life to the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Geobacter anodireducens is a Gram-negative, aerotolerant, exoelectrogenic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Geobacter Like others in its genus, it is commonly found in soil and uses iron as its electron acceptor. Due to its ability to generate current, it is an organism of note for Microbial fuel cell research. G | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Geobacter bemidjiensis is a Fe(III)-reducing bacteria. It is Gram-negative, slightly curved rod-shaped and is motile via means of monotrichous flagella. Its type strain is BemT (=ATCC BAA-1014T =DSM 16622T =JCM 12645T) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Geobacter lovleyi is a gram-negative metal-reducing and tetrachloroethene-dechlorinating proteobacterium. It has potential as a bioremediation organism, and is actively researched as such.
See also
List of bacterial orders
List of bacteria genera
References
Further reading
Amos, Benjamin K | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Geobacter psychrophilus is a Fe(III)-reducing bacterium. It is Gram-negative, slightly curved, rod-shaped and motile via means of monotrichous flagella. Its type strain is P35T (=ATCC BAA-1013T =DSM 16674T =JCM 12644T) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Gimenez staining technique uses biological stains to detect and identify bacterial infections in tissue samples. Although largely superseded by techniques like Giemsa staining, the Gimenez technique may be valuable for detecting certain slow-growing or fastidious bacteria.
Basic fuchsin stain in aqueous solution with phenol and ethanol colours many bacteria (both gram positive and Gram negative) red, magenta, or pink | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gottschalkia acidurici is a species of bacteria belonging to the family of Gottschalkiaceae. It was formerly placed in the genus Clostridium of the Clostridiaceae. It can be anywhere between 2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Haliangium ochraceum is a species of moderately halophilic myxobacteria. It produces yellow fruiting bodies, comprising several sessile sporangioles in dense packs. Its type strain is SMP-2 (= JCM 11303(T) = DSM 14365(T)) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Haliangium tepidum is a species of moderately halophilic myxobacteria. It produces yellow fruiting bodies, comprising several sessile sporangioles in dense packs. Its type strain is SMP-10 (= JCM 11304(T)= DSM 14436(T)) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Halomonas titanicae is a gram-negative, halophilic species of bacteria which was isolated in 2010 from rusticles recovered from the wreck of the RMS Titanic. It has been estimated by Henrietta Mann, one of the researchers that first isolated it, that the action of microbes like Halomonas titanicae may bring about the total deterioration of the Titanic by 2030. While the bacteria have been identified as a potential danger to oil rigs and other man-made objects in the deep sea, they also have the potential to be used in bioremediation to accelerate the decomposition of shipwrecks littering the ocean floor | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Haloplasma contractile is a halophilic, cell wall-less bacterium. It is the only known representative of a deep lineage, and is classified in its own family (Haloplasmataceae) and order (Haloplasmatales), in the class Mollicutes.
In terms of genetics, the bacterium Haloplasma contractile contains a dcw gene cluster is responsible for containing all the genes of the organism and promoting peptidoglycan synthesis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Heliothrix oregonensis is a phototrophic filamentous, gliding bacterium containing bacteriochlorophyll a
that is aerotolerant and photoheterotrophic.
References
Further reading
Boomer, Sarah M. Characterization of a hot-spring bacterium resembling Heliothrix oregonensis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Hydrogenothermaceae family are bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings. They have been found in hot springs, sulfur pools, and thermal ocean vents. They are true bacteria as opposed to the other inhabitants of extreme environments, the Archaea | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Idiomarinaceae is a Gram-negative and mesophilic family in the order of Alteromonadales. Bacteria of the family Idiomarinaceae occur in saline environments.
References
Further reading
Knirel, Yuriy A | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Ignavibacteriales are an order of obligately anaerobic, non-photosynthetic bacteria that are closely related to the green sulfur bacteria.
Taxonomy
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Family Ignavibacteriaceae Iino et al | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ilyobacter delafieldii is a motile, gram-negative, obligately anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria, with type strain 10cr1 (=DSM 5704). It is notable for metabolising beta-Hydroxybutyric acid.
References
Further reading
Noel R | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Intracellular bacteria are bacteria that have the capability to enter and survive within the cells of the host organism. Many of them are capable of growth extracellularly, but some of them can grow and reproduce only intracellularly (obligate intracellular parasites). Besides bacteria, there are other kinds of intracellular microorganisms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Katanobacteria is a bacterial phylum formerly known as WWE3. It has candidate status, meaning there are no cultured representatives, and is a member of the Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR).
The Katanobacteria phylum was first proposed in 2008 following the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences from a mesophilic anaerobic digester | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lawsonia intracellularis is a species of bacterium. It is obligately intracellular and was isolated from intestines of pigs with proliferative enteropathy disease.
Pathogenicity
Lawsonia intracellularis is highly pathogenic | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In molecular biology, LcrV is a protein found in Yersinia pestis and several other bacterial species. It forms part of the Yersinia pestis virulence protein factors that also includes all Yops, or Yersinia outer protein, but the name has been kept out of convention. LcrV's main function is not actually known, but it is essential for the production of other Yops | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lentisphaerota is a phylum of bacteria closely related to Chlamydiota and Verrucomicrobiota. It includes two monotypic orders Lentisphaerales and Victivallales. Phylum members can be aerobic or anaerobic and fall under two distinct phenotypes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Leptolinea tardivitalis is a mesophilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative, filamentous bacteria with type strain YMTK-2T (=JCM 12579T =DSM 16556T), the type species of its genus.
References
Further reading
Beatty, Tom J. Genome Evolution of Photosynthetic Bacteria | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Leptospirillum ferriphilum is an iron-oxidising bacterium. It is one of the species responsible for the generation of acid mine drainage. It is of particular relevance in South African commercial biooxidation tanks operating at 40 °C | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Levilinea saccharolytica is a mesophilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative, filamentous bacteria with type strain KIBI-1T (=JCM 12578T =DSM 16555T), the type species of its genus.
References
Further reading
Beatty, Tom J. Genome Evolution of Photosynthetic Bacteria | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Meiothermus is a genus of Deinococcota bacteria. Members of Meiothermus can be reliably distinguished from other genera in the family Thermaceae as well as all other bacteria by the presence of three conserved signature indels (CSIs) found in the proteins: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate–homocysteine methyltransferase, cadmium transporter and polynucleotide phosphorylase and are exclusively shared by species of this genus. Meiothermus is also different than the Thermus genus, which it was originally a member of, in their optimum growth temperatures, with Meiothermus being able to grow in colder environments | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Microcins are very small bacteriocins, composed of relatively few amino acids. For this reason, they are distinct from their larger protein cousins. The classic example is microcin V, of Escherichia coli | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Moonmilk (sometimes called mondmilch, also known as montmilch or as cave milk) is a white, creamy substance found inside limestone, dolomite, and possibly other types of caves. It is a precipitate from limestone comprising aggregates of fine crystals of varying composition usually made of carbonates such as calcite, aragonite, hydromagnesite, and/or monohydrocalcite.
There are several hypotheses concerning the origin of moonmilk | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mycobacterium lepromatosis is an aerobic, acid-fast bacillus (AFB), and the second known causative agent of Hansen's disease (leprosy). It was discovered in 2008. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirms that the species is distinct from Mycobacterium leprae | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mycoplasma haemomuris, formerly known as Haemobartonella muris and Bartonella muris, is a Gram-negative bacillus. It is known to cause anemia in rats and mice.
References
Further reading
Sashida, Hinakp; Sasaoka, Fumina; Suzuki, Jin; Fujihara, Masatoshi; Nagai, Kazuya; Fujita, Hiromi; Kadosaka, Teruki; Ando, Shuji; Harasawa, Ryo (2012) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mycoplasma meleagridis is a small bacteria responsible for air sacculitis and disorders of the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems in turkeys. These symptoms are also known as Mycoplasma air sacculitis, Mycoplasma infectious stunting, and Mycoplasmosis. The infection is more severe in young birds and occurs globally wherever turkeys are reared intensively | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Myxococcaceae is a family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. The family Myxococcaceae is encompassed within the myxobacteria ("slime bacteria"). The family is ubiquitously found in soils, marine, and freshwater environments | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis is a gram-negative, rod-shaped species of myxobacteria found in soil. It is a predator on other bacteria.
The ends of the rod-shaped vegetative cells taper slightly | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Neochlamydia hartmannellae is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus. It is a bacterial endocytobionts of Hartmannella vermiformis, hence its name.
References
Further reading
Whitman, William B | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The nitrate reductase test is a test to differentiate between bacteria based on their ability or inability to reduce nitrate (NO3−) to nitrite (NO2−) using anaerobic respiration.
Procedure
Various assays for detecting nitrate reduction have been described. One method is performed as follows:
Inoculate nitrate broth with an isolate and incubate for 48 hours | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Nitrospirota is a phylum of bacteria. It includes multiple genera, such as Nitrospira, the largest. The first member of this phylum, Nitrospira marina, was discovered in 1985 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Non-motile bacteria are bacteria species that lack the ability and structures that would allow them to propel themselves, under their own power, through their environment. When non-motile bacteria are cultured in a stab tube, they only grow along the stab line. If the bacteria are mobile, the line will appear diffuse and extend into the medium | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Parachlamydiaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Chlamydiales. Species in this family have a Chlamydia–like cycle of replication and their ribosomal RNA genes are 80–90% identical to ribosomal genes in the Chlamydiaceae. The Parachlamydiaceae naturally infect amoebae and can be grown in cultured Vero cells | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Parvibacter is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota containing a single species, Parvibacter caecicola.
Taxonomy
In 2018, Nouioui et al. proposed merging the genus Parvibacter along with the genera Asaccharobacter and Enterorhabdus within the genus Aldercreutzia based on observed clustering of these genera within phylogenetic trees | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Persephonella guaymasensis is a thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing microaerophile first isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. It is strictly chemolithoautotrophic, microaerophilic, motile, 2-4 micrometres in size, rod-shaped, Gram-negative and non-sporulating. Its type strain is EX-H2T | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Peucemycin is a polyketide produced by Streptomyces peucetius, a Gram-positive filamentous bacteria that also produces the anticancer compounds daunorubicin and doxorubicin. This compound was elucidated from a cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster and is produced under temperature-specific conditions for bacterial growth (metabolite is present at 18 °C but not 28 °C). Peucemycin has demonstrated bioactivity against growth of S | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Phorcysia is a bacteria genus from the family Desulfurobacteriaceae.
References
Further reading
Perez-Rodriguez, I. ; Grosche, A | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The relaxosome is the complex of proteins that facilitates plasmid transfer during bacterial conjugation. The proteins are encoded by the tra operon on a fertility plasmid in the region near the origin of transfer, oriT. The most important of these proteins is relaxase, which is responsible for beginning the conjugation process by cutting at the nic site via transesterification | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Rhodothermus marinus is a species of bacteria. It is obligately aerobic, moderately halophilic, thermophilic, Gram-negative and rod-shaped, about 0. 5 μm in diameter and 2-2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Scardovia wiggsiae is a species of bacterium in the family Bifidobacteriaceae. In 2011, a study carried out using anaerobic culture conditions allowed the identification of a newly named species, Scardovia wiggsiae [], which was significantly associated with severe ECC (Early childhood caries, a particularly severe manifestation of carious pathology affecting children between birth and 71 months of age). The paper of Bossù et al | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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