text stringlengths 31 999 | source stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|
In surface science, selective adsorption is the effect when minima associated with bound-state resonances occur in specular intensity in atom-surface scattering.
In crystal growth, selective adsorption refers to the phenomenon where adsorbing molecules attach preferentially to certain crystal faces.
An example of selective adsorption can be demonstrated in the growth of Rochelle salt crystals | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Self-cleaning surfaces are a class of materials with the inherent ability to remove any debris or bacteria from their surfaces in a variety of ways. The self-cleaning functionality of these surfaces are commonly inspired by natural phenomena observed in lotus leaves, gecko feet, and water striders to name a few. The majority of self-cleaning surfaces can be placed into three categories:
superhydrophobic
superhydrophilic
photocatalytic | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Self-propulsion is the autonomous displacement of nano-, micro- and macroscopic natural and artificial objects, containing their own means of motion. Self-propulsion is driven mainly by interfacial phenomena. Various mechanisms of self-propelling have been introduced and investigated, which exploited phoretic effects, gradient surfaces, breaking the wetting symmetry of a droplet on a surface, the Leidenfrost effect, the self-generated hydrodynamic and chemical fields originating from the geometrical confinements, and soluto- and thermo-capillary Marangoni flows | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In materials science, the sessile drop technique is a method used for the characterization of solid surface energies, and in some cases, aspects of liquid surface energies. The main premise of the method is that by placing a droplet of liquid with a known surface energy and contact angle, the surface energy of the solid substrate can be calculated. The liquid used for such experiments is referred to as the probe liquid, and the use of several different probe liquids is required | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area of a material per unit of mass, (with units of m2/kg or m2/g) or solid or bulk volume (units of m2/m3 or m−1).
It is a physical value that can be used to determine the type and properties of a material (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Stiction is the static friction that needs to be overcome to enable relative motion of stationary objects in contact. The term is a portmanteau of the words static and friction, and is perhaps also influenced by the verb to stick.
Any solid objects pressing against each other (but not sliding) will require some threshold of force parallel to the surface of contact in order to overcome static adhesion | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) is a nonlinear laser spectroscopy technique used to analyze surfaces and interfaces. It can be expressed as a sum of a series of Lorentz oscillators. In a typical SFG setup, two laser beams mix at an interface and generate an output beam with a frequency equal to the sum of the two input frequencies, traveling in a direction allegedly given by the sum of the incident beams' wavevectors | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Supercritical adsorption also referred to as the adsorption of supercritical fluids, is the adsorption at above-critical temperatures. There are different tacit understandings of supercritical fluids. For example, “a fluid is considered to be ‘supercritical’ when its temperature and pressure exceed the temperature and pressure at the critical point” | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Superhydrophilicity refers to the phenomenon of excess hydrophilicity, or attraction to water; in superhydrophilic materials, the contact angle of water is equal to zero degrees. This effect was discovered in 1995 by the Research Institute of Toto Ltd. for titanium dioxide irradiated by sunlight | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A superhydrophobic coating is a thin surface layer that repels water. It is made from superhydrophobic (ultrahydrophobicity) materials. Droplets hitting this kind of coating can fully rebound | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Thulium is a chemical element with the symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and third-last element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds; however, the +2 oxidation state can also be stable | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Titanium foams exhibit high specific strength, high energy absorption, excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. These materials are ideally suited for applications within the aerospace industry. An inherent resistance to corrosion allows the foam to be a desirable candidate for various filtering applications | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Trace metals are the metals subset of trace elements; that is, metals normally present in small but measurable amounts in animal and plant cells and tissues and that are a necessary part of nutrition and physiology. Some biometals are trace metals. Ingestion of, or exposure to, excessive quantities can be toxic | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ziff () is an unknown material or item, probably a metal, mentioned in the Book of Mormon (Mosiah 11:3,8). The text mentions ziff twice, first in a list of possessions taxed by King Noah, then in a list of "precious things" (the rest of which were all metals) used to ornament various buildings.
In Hebrew, the word zîw means "splendor" or "brightness" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Structural dampness is the presence of unwanted moisture in the structure of a building, either the result of intrusion from outside or condensation from within the structure.
A high proportion of damp problems in buildings are caused by ambient climate dependent factors of condensation and rain penetration. Capillary penetration of fluid from the ground up through concrete or masonry is known as "rising damp" and is governed by the shape and porosity of the construction materials through which this evaporation-limited capillary penetration takes place | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Dry rot treatment refers to techniques used to eliminate dry rot fungus and alleviate the damage done by the fungus to human-built wooden structures.
Dry rot (Serpula lacrymans) is considered difficult to remove, requiring drastic action. Remedial timber treatment and damp proofing companies typically recommend stripping out of building fabric beyond the visible extent of the infestation and the use of fungicide | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Interstitial condensation is a type of condensation that may occur within an enclosed wall, roof or floor cavity structure, which can create dampening.
When moisture-laden air at dew point temperature penetrates inside a cavity of the structure, it condenses into liquid water on that surface. The moisture laden air can penetrate into hidden interstitial wall cavity through the exterior in a warm/humid outdoor period, and from inside the building during warm/humid indoor periods | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR), also water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), is a measure of the passage of water vapor through a substance. It is a measure of the permeability for vapor barriers.
There are many industries where moisture control is critical | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A reglet is found on the exterior of a building along a masonry wall, chimney or parapet that meets the roof. It is a groove cut within a mortar joint that receives counter-flashing meant to cover surface flashing used to deflect water infiltration. Reglet can also refer to the counter-flashing itself when it is applied on the surface, known as "face reglet" or "reglet-flashing" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tar paper is a heavy-duty paper used in construction. Tar paper is made by impregnating paper with tar, producing a waterproof material useful for roof construction. Tar paper is similar to roofing felt, historically a felt-like fabric made from recycled rags impregnated with melted asphalt, and today evolving into a more complex underlayment of synthetic mesh or fiberglass strands waterproofed by synthetically enhanced asphalt | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A vapor barrier (or vapour barrier) is any material used for damp proofing, typically a plastic or foil sheet, that resists diffusion of moisture through the wall, floor, ceiling, or roof assemblies of buildings and of packaging to prevent interstitial condensation. Technically, many of these materials are only vapor retarders as they have varying degrees of permeability.
Materials have a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) that is established by standard test methods | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The purpose of a Vertical Damp Proof Barrier is to prevent the ingress of damp and water into subterranean structures such as basements, cellars, tunnels and earth shielded buildings. (Also known as Earth sheltered buildings). Traditionally, this took the form of several coats of bitumous paint or tar | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Water damage describes various possible losses caused by water intruding where it will enable attack of a material or system by destructive processes such as rotting of wood, mold growth, bacteria growth, rusting of steel, swelling of composite woods, de-laminating of materials such as plywood, short-circuiting of electrical devices, etc.
The damage may be imperceptibly slow and minor such as water spots that could eventually mar a surface, or it may be instantaneous and catastrophic such as burst pipes and flooding. However fast it occurs, water damage is a major contributor to loss of property | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Waterproofing is the process of making an object or structure waterproof or water-resistant so that it remains relatively unaffected by water or resisting the ingress of water under specified conditions. Such items may be used in wet environments or underwater to specified depths.
Water-resistant and waterproof often refer to resistance to penetration of water in its liquid state and possibly under pressure, whereas damp proof refers to resistance to humidity or dampness | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Aggregate base is a construction aggregate typically composed of crushed rock capable of passing through a 20 millimetres (3⁄4 in) rock screen. The component particles will vary in size from 20 mm down to dust. The material can be made of virgin (newly mined) rock, or of recycled asphalt and concrete | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bioasphalt is an asphalt alternative made from non-petroleum based renewable resources.
These sources include sugar, molasses and rice, corn and potato starches, natural tree and gum resins, natural latex rubber and vegetable oils, lignin, cellulose, palm oil waste, coconut waste, peanut oil waste, canola oil waste, dried sewerage effluent and so on. Bitumen can also be made from waste vacuum tower bottoms produced in the process of cleaning used motor oils, which are normally burned or dumped into land fills | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bitumen (UK: , US: ) is a sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. In the U. S | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bleeding or flushing is shiny, black surface film of asphalt on the road surface caused by upward movement of asphalt in the pavement surface. Common causes of bleeding are too much asphalt in asphalt concrete, hot weather, low space air void content and quality of asphalt. Bleeding is a safety concern since it results in a very smooth surface, without the texture required to prevent hydroplaning | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Block paving, also known as brick paving, is a commonly used decorative method of creating a pavement or hardstanding. The main benefit of bricks over other materials is that individual bricks can later be lifted up and replaced. This allows for remedial work to be carried out under the surface of the paving without leaving a lasting mark once the paving bricks have been replaced | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is a measure of the strength of the subgrade of a road or other paved area, and of the materials used in its construction.
The ratio is measured using a standardized penetration test first developed by the California Division of Highways for highway engineering. Empirical tests measure the strength of the material and are not a true representation of the resilient modulus | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Concrete pavement restoration (CPR) together with concrete pavement preservation (CPP) is a group of various techniques used to maintain concrete roadways.
Techniques
CPP and CPR techniques include slab stabilization, full- and partial-depth repair, dowel bar retrofit, cross stitching longitudinal cracks or joints, diamond grinding and joint and crack resealing. CPP and CPR methods, developed over the last 40 years, are used in lieu of asphalt overlays and bituminous patches to repair roads when longer lasting solutions are desired | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cool pavement is a road surface that uses additives to reflect solar radiation unlike conventional dark pavement. Conventional dark pavements contribute to urban heat islands as they absorb 80–95% of sunlight and warm the local air. Cool pavements are made with different materials to increase albedo, thereby reflecting shortwave radiation out of the atmosphere | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Crumb rubber is recycled rubber produced from automotive and truck scrap tires. During the recycling process, steel and tire cord (fluff) are removed, leaving tire rubber with a granular consistency. Continued processing with a granulator or cracker mill, possibly with the aid of cryogenics or by mechanical means, reduces the size of the particles further | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ecogrid, known as Ecoraster to most of Europe, is a type of plastic, permeable paving grid used in the construction of parking lots, walkways and other outdoor surfaces.
Ecogrid is marketed as a green technology because it is designed to reduce harmful stormwater runoff and is made with post-consumer plastic to reduce waste. Ecoraster was trade marked by Purus Plastics in 2008 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The free floating screed is a device pioneered in the 1930s that revolutionized the asphalt paving process.
The device is designed to flatten the material (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Full depth recycling or full depth reclamation (FDR) is a process that rebuilds worn out asphalt pavements by recycling the existing roadway.
Processes
Old asphalt and base materials are pulverized using a specialized machine called a reclaimer. On top of the pulverized material, water is added to reach the optimal moisture content for compaction and then a variety of materials, such as dry cement, lime, fly ash, or asphalt emulsion are incorporated for stabilization | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Granular base equivalency or granular base equivalence (GBE) is a measure of total pavement thickness. Since pavement is composed of multiple layers with different physical properties, its total thickness is measured by GBE. GBE translates the thickness of different road layers to a number using a set of coefficients | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hardscape refers to hard landscape materials in the built environment structures that are incorporated into a landscape. This can include paved areas, driveways, retaining walls, sleeper walls, stairs, walkways, and any other landscaping made up of hard wearing materials such as wood, stone, and concrete, as opposed to softscape, the horticultural elements of a landscape.
Hard landscaping involves projects that cover the entirety of the yard and that are necessary before soft landscaping features come into play | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The herringbone pattern is an arrangement of rectangles used for floor tilings and road pavement, so named for a fancied resemblance to the bones of a fish such as a herring.
The blocks can be rectangles or parallelograms. The block edge length ratios are usually 2:1, and sometimes 3:1, but need not be even ratios | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hoggin is a compactable groundcover that is composed of a mixture of clay, gravel, and sand or granite dust that produces a buff-coloured bound surface. It is more commonly seen in the south of England and at National Trust properties. The material is aesthetically suited to older properties and is lower maintenance than gravel alone since it does not need regular raking | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Nicolson pavement, alternatively spelled "Nicholson" and denominated wooden block pavement and wood block pavement, is a road surface material consisting of wooden blocks. Samuel Nicolson invented it in the mid-19th century. Wooden block pavement has since become unfavored because of its poor surface quality and high cost of maintenance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pavement performance modeling or pavement deterioration modeling is the study of pavement deterioration throughout its life-cycle. The health of pavement is assessed using different performance indicators. Some of the most well-known performance indicators are Pavement Condition Index (PCI), International Roughness Index (IRI) and Present Serviceability Index (PSI), but sometimes a single distress such as rutting or the extent of crack is used | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A paver (road paver finisher, asphalt finisher, road paving machine) is a piece of construction equipment used to lay asphalt concrete or Portland cement concrete on roads, bridges, parking lots and other such places. It lays the material flat and provides minor compaction. This is typically followed by final compaction by a road roller | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
R. S. Blome Granitoid Pavement is a historic road surface, as well as the associated cut sandstone curbs in a few sections, found in three of the oldest residential sections of Grand Forks, North Dakota | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been surfaced or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle, or horse. Roads have been adapted to a large range of structures and types in order to achieve a common goal of transportation under a large and wide range of conditions. The specific purpose, mode of transport, material and location of a road determine the characteristics it must have in order to maximize its usefulness | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Roman concrete, also called opus caementicium, was used in construction in ancient Rome. Like its modern equivalent, Roman concrete was based on a hydraulic-setting cement added to an aggregate.
Many buildings and structures still standing today, such as bridges, reservoirs and aqueducts, were built with this material, which attests to both its versatility and its durability | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Rubber mulch is a type of mulch used in gardens and landscaping that is made from recycled rubber, most often crumb rubber sourced from waste tires.
Composition
Rubber mulch generally consists of either waste tire bits or nuggets of synthetic rubber from tires that are shredded or ground up whole, after having their steel bands removed. Almost any tire can be used to make rubber mulch, including passenger vehicle tires and large truck and trailer tires | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Sealcoating, or pavement sealing, is the process of applying a protective coating to asphalt-based pavements to provide a layer of protection from the elements: water, oils, and U. V. damage | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A sett, also known as a block or Belgian block, is a broadly rectangular quarried stone used in paving roads and walkways. Formerly in widespread use, particularly on steeper streets because setts provided horses' hooves with better grip than a smooth surface, they are now encountered rather as decorative stone paving in landscape architecture. Setts are often referred to as "cobblestones", although a sett is distinct from a cobblestone in that it is quarried or worked to a regular shape, whereas the latter is generally a small, naturally-rounded rock | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Silex is any of various forms of ground stone. In modern contexts the word refers to a finely ground, nearly pure form of silica or silicate.
In the late 16th century, it meant powdered or ground up "flints" (i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade, regional metamorphism. It is the finest-grained foliated metamorphic rock. Foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering, but instead is in planes perpendicular to the direction of metamorphic compression | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Soil cement is a construction material, a mix of pulverized natural soil with small amount of portland cement and water, usually processed in a tumbler, compacted to high density. Hard, semi-rigid durable material is formed by hydration of the cement particles.
Soil cement is frequently used as a construction material for pipe bedding, slope protection, and road construction as a subbase layer reinforcing and protecting the subgrade | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Structural road design aims to ensure the road is strong enough for the expected number of vehicles in a certain number of years. The input of a calculation is the number expected of vehicles (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Structural Soil is a medium that can be compacted to pavement design and installation requirements while permitting root growth. It is a mixture of gap-graded gravels (mostly made of crushed stone) and soil (mineral content and organic content). It provides an integrated, root penetrable, high strength pavement system that shifts design away from individual tree pits | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In highway engineering, subbase is the layer of aggregate material laid on the subgrade, on which the base course layer is located. It may be omitted when there will be only foot traffic on the pavement, but it is necessary for surfaces used by vehicles.
Subbase is often the main load-bearing layer of the pavement | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The tarmac scam is a confidence trick in which criminals sell fake or shoddy tarmac (asphalt) and driveway resurfacing. It is particularly common in Europe but practiced worldwide. Other names include tarmacking, the asphalt scam, driveway fraud or similar variants | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Tarmacadam is a road surfacing material made by combining crushed stone, sand, and tar, patented by Welsh inventor Edgar Purnell Hooley in 1902. It is a more durable and dust-free enhancement of simple compacted stone macadam surfaces invented by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam in the early 19th century. The terms "tarmacadam" and tarmac are also used for a variety of other materials, including tar-grouted macadam, bituminous surface treatments and modern asphalt concrete | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
LarvalBase is a global online database of information about fish eggs, larvae and fry. It includes detailed data on the identification of very young fish and the rearing of fish species important for fisheries and aquaculture. As of July 2011, it included descriptions of 2,228 species, 4,229 pictures, and references to 4,513 works in the scientific literature | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
LIPID MAPS (Lipid Metabolites and Pathways Strategy) is a web portal designed to be a gateway to Lipidomics resources. The resource has spearheaded a classification of biological lipids, dividing them into eight general categories. LIPID MAPS provides standardised methodologies for mass spectrometry analysis of lipids, e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Molecular Ancestry Network (MANET) database is a bioinformatics database that maps evolutionary relationships of protein architectures directly onto biological networks. It was originally developed by Hee Shin Kim, Jay E. Mittenthal and Gustavo Caetano-Anolles in the Department of Crop Sciences of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The MANTIS Database (Manual, Alternative and Natural Therapy Index System) is an index of English-language and selected other-language biomedical journal articles. The database has a primary focus on chiropractic, osteopathic and manual medicine, although it includes citations and abstracts from all alternative medicine disciplines. Each record within the MANTIS Database contains a complete citation, the language of the abstract, the language of the article, and the headings and subheadings which describe the article | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MatrixDB is a biological database focused on molecular interactions between extracellular proteins and polysaccharides. MatrixDB takes into account the multimeric nature of the extracellular proteins (for example, collagens, laminins and thrombospondins are multimers). The database was initially released in 2009 and is maintained by the research group of Sylvie Ricard-Blum at UMR5246, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, or MEDLARS Online) is a bibliographic database of life sciences and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic journals covering medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and health care. MEDLINE also covers much of the literature in biology and biochemistry, as well as fields such as molecular evolution | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Membranome database provides structural and functional information about more than 6000 single-pass (bitopic) transmembrane proteins from Homo sapiens, Arabidopsis thaliana, Dictyostelium discoideum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli and Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. Bitopic membrane proteins consist of a single transmembrane alpha-helix connecting water-soluble domains of the protein situated at the opposite sides of a biological membrane. These proteins are frequently involved in the signal transduction and communication between cells in multicellular organisms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MEROPS is an online database for peptidases (also known as proteases, proteinases and proteolytic enzymes) and their inhibitors. The classification scheme for peptidases was published by Rawlings & Barrett in 1993, and that for protein inhibitors by Rawlings et al. in 2004 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA) is a method designed to help metabolomics researchers identify and interpret patterns of metabolite concentration changes in a biologically meaningful way. It is conceptually similar to another widely used tool developed for transcriptomics called Gene Set Enrichment Analysis or GSEA. GSEA uses a collection of predefined gene sets to rank the lists of genes obtained from gene chip studies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Metabolomic Pathway Analysis, shortened to MetPA, is a freely available, user-friendly web server to assist with the identification analysis and visualization of metabolic pathways using metabolomic data. MetPA makes use of advances originally developed for pathway analysis in microarray experiments and applies those principles and concepts to the analysis of metabolic pathways. For input, MetPA expects either a list of compound names (identified as statistically significant or significant perturbed) or a metabolite concentration table with phenotypic labels (i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
METAGENassist is a freely available web server for comparative metagenomic analysis. Comparative metagenomic studies involve the large-scale comparison of genomic or taxonomic census data from bacterial samples across different environments. Historically this has required a sound knowledge of statistics, computer programming, genetics and microbiology | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MirGeneDB is a database of manually curated microRNA genes that have been validated and annotated as initially described in Fromm et al. 2015 and Fromm et al. 2020 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Model organism databases (MODs) are biological databases, or knowledgebases, dedicated to the provision of in-depth biological data for intensively studied model organisms. MODs allow researchers to easily find background information on large sets of genes, plan experiments efficiently, combine their data with existing knowledge, and construct novel hypotheses. They allow users to analyse results and interpret datasets, and the data they generate are increasingly used to describe less well studied species | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) is a free, online database and bioinformatics resource hosted by The Jackson Laboratory, with funding by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). MGI provides access to data on the genetics, genomics and biology of the laboratory mouse to facilitate the study of human health and disease. The database integrates multiple projects, with the two largest contributions coming from the Mouse Genome Database and Mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Multi-Omics Profiling Expression Database (MOPED) was an expanding multi-omics resource that supports rapid browsing of transcriptomics and proteomics information from publicly available studies on model organisms and humans. As to date (2021) it has ceased activities and is unaccessible online.
Systematic Protein Investigative Research Environment
MOPED is designed to simplify the comparison and sharing of data for the greater research community | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In molecular biology, MvirDB is a publicly available database that stores information on toxins, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes. Sources that this database uses for DNA and protein information include: Tox-Prot, SCORPION, the PRINTS Virulence Factors, VFDB, TVFac, Islander, ARGO and VIDA. The database provides a BLAST tool that allows the user to query their sequence against all DNA and protein sequences in MvirDB | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
myExperiment is a social web site for researchers sharing research objects such as scientific workflows. The myExperiment website was launched in November 2007 and contains a significant collection of scientific workflows for a variety of workflow systems, most notably Taverna, but also other tools such as Bioclipse. myExperiment has a REST API and is based on an open source Ruby on Rails codebase | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A DNA database or DNA databank is a database of DNA profiles which can be used in the analysis of genetic diseases, genetic fingerprinting for criminology, or genetic genealogy. DNA databases may be public or private, the largest ones being national DNA databases.
DNA databases are often employed in forensic investigations | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Pathway Interaction Database (PID) is a free biomedical database of human cellular signaling pathways. The database contains information about the molecular interactions and reactions that take place in cells, with a particular focus on processes that might be relevant to cancer research and treatment. The database was established as collaboration between the U | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Neotoma Paleoecology Database (Neotoma) is an open international data resource that stores and shares multiple kinds of fossil, paleoecological, and paleoenvironmental data. Neotoma specializes in fossil data holdings at timescales covering the last several decades to the last several million years. Neotoma is organized and led by scientists and enhances data consistency through community curation by experts | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Network of Cancer Genes (NCG) is a freely accessible web resource of genes that, when altered in their sequence, drive clonal expansion of normal tissues (healthy drivers) or cancer (cancer drivers). The project was launched in 2010 and has reached its 7th release in 2022. In 2023 the additional annotation of cancer drivers that interact with the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME drivers) was added | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NeuroLex is a lexicon of neuroscience concepts supported by the Neuroscience Information Framework project. It is structured as a semantic wiki, using Semantic MediaWiki.
Overview
The NeuroLex is intended to help improve the way that neuroscientists communicate about their work by using common and consistent terminologies to enable easy data integration and interpretation across different studies and resources | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NeuroNames is an integrated nomenclature for structures in the brain and spinal cord of the four species most studied by neuroscientists: human, macaque, rat and mouse. It offers a standard, controlled vocabulary of common names for structures, which is suitable for unambiguous neuroanatomical indexing of information in digital databases. Terms in the standard vocabulary have been selected for ease of pronunciation, mnemonic value, and frequency of use in recent neuroscientific publications | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Neuroscience Information Framework is a repository of global neuroscience web resources, including experimental, clinical, and translational neuroscience databases, knowledge bases, atlases, and genetic/genomic resources and provides many authoritative links throughout the neuroscience portal of Wikipedia.
Description
The Neuroscience Information Framework (NIF) is an initiative of the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research, which was established in 2004 by the National Institutes of Health. Development of the NIF started in 2008, when the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine obtained an NIH contract to create and maintain "a dynamic inventory of web-based neurosciences data, resources, and tools that scientists and students can access via any computer connected to the Internet" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
neXtProt is an on-line knowledge platform on human proteins.
It strives to be a comprehensive resource that provides a variety of
types of information on human proteins, such as their function,
subcellular location, expression, interactions and role in diseases.
The major part of the information in neXtProt
is obtained from the UniProt Swiss-Prot database but it is complemented by data originating from high-throughput studies with an emphasis on proteomics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The ChemDB HIV, Opportunistic Infection and Tuberculosis Therapeutics Database is a publicly available tool developed by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to compile preclinical data on small molecules with potential therapeutic action against HIV/AIDS and related opportunistic infections.
Characteristics and content
Since 1989, the ChemDB has been updated with information extracted from peer-reviewed published literature, conference proceedings and patents. Data are compiled on compound structure, chemical properties, biological activity (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) is an online database of genes, inherited disorders and traits in more than 135 animal species. It is modelled on, and is complementary to, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). It aims to provide a publicly accessible catalogue of all animal phenes, excluding those in human and mouse, for which species specific resources are already available (OMIM, MLC) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a continuously updated catalog of human genes and genetic disorders and traits, with a particular focus on the gene-phenotype relationship. As of 28 June 2019, approximately 9,000 of the over 25,000 entries in OMIM represented phenotypes; the rest represented genes, many of which were related to known phenotypes.
Versions and history
OMIM is the online continuation of Victor A | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Open Regulatory Annotation Database (also known as ORegAnno) is designed to promote community-based curation of regulatory information. Specifically, the database contains information about regulatory regions, transcription factor binding sites, regulatory variants, and haplotypes.
Overview
Data Management
For each entry, cross-references are maintained to EnsEMBL, dbSNP, Entrez Gene, the NCBI Taxonomy database and PubMed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Orientations of Proteins in Membranes (OPM) database provides spatial positions of membrane protein structures with respect to the lipid bilayer. Positions of the proteins are calculated using an implicit solvation model of the lipid bilayer. The results of calculations were verified against experimental studies of spatial arrangement of transmembrane and peripheral proteins in membranes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
OrthoDB presents a catalog of orthologous protein-coding genes across vertebrates, arthropods, fungi, plants, and bacteria. Orthology refers to the last common ancestor of the species under consideration, and thus OrthoDB explicitly delineates orthologs at each major radiation along the species phylogeny. The database of orthologs presents available protein descriptors, together with Gene Ontology and InterPro attributes, which serve to provide general descriptive annotations of the orthologous groups, and facilitate comprehensive orthology database querying | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In bioinformatics, the PANTHER (protein analysis through evolutionary relationships) classification system is a large curated biological database of gene/protein families and their functionally related subfamilies that can be used to classify and identify the function of gene products. PANTHER is part of the Gene Ontology Reference Genome Project designed to classify proteins and their genes for high-throughput analysis.
The project consists of both manual curation and bioinformatics algorithms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
PATRIC (Pathosystems Resource Integration Center) is a bacterial bioinformatics website from the Bioinformatics Resource Center. It is an information system integrating databases with various types of data about bacterial pathogens (transcriptomic, proteomic, structural, biochemical) together with analysis tools. It is designed to support the biomedical research community's work on bacterial infectious diseases via these integrations of various pieces of pathogen information | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The PDBbind database is a comprehensive collection of experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd, Ki, and IC50) for the protein-ligand complexes deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). It thus provides a link between energetic and structural information of protein-ligand complexes, which is of great value to various studies on molecular recognition occurred in biological systems.
History
The aim of the PDBbind database is to provide a comprehensive collection of the experimentally measured binding affinity data for all types of biomolecular complexes deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The PDBREPORT database is a database of anomalies and errors found in structures of biological molecules in the Protein Data Bank. The PDBREPORTS database is a useful facility for judging the quality of protein structures in in silico protein structure bioinformatics projects, and has been used frequently by participants of the CASP homology modelling 'competition'. PDBREPORTs are made using the WHAT_CHECK software | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
PDBsum is a database that provides an overview of the contents of each 3D macromolecular structure deposited in the Protein Data Bank. The original version of the database was developed around 1995 by Roman Laskowski and collaborators at University College London. As of 2014, PDBsum is maintained by Laskowski and collaborators in the laboratory of Janet Thornton at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
PDBWiki was a wiki that functioned as a user-contributed database of protein structure annotations, listing all the protein structures available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). It ran on the MediaWiki wiki application from 2007 to 2013. The website went offline in 2014 and there has not been any way to subsequently access the information that was contributed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
PeptideAtlas is a proteomics data resource that gathers tandem mass spectrometry datasets from around the world, reprocesses them with the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline, and makes the combined result freely available to the community. Peptide Atlas is one of the founding members of the ProteomeXchange Consortium.
History
The earliest conception of PeptideAtlas began at the Institute for Systems Biology in the research lab of Ruedi Aebersold by Eric Deutsch and Sharon Chen at the Annotated Peptide Database (APD) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Actinobacteriophage database, more commonly known as PhagesDB, is a website and database that gathers and shares information related to the discovery, characterization and genomics of viruses that prefer to infect Actinobacterial hosts. It is used to compare phages and their genomic annotations. The database provides information on more than 8,000 bacteriophages, including over 1,600 with already sequenced genomes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB) is a publicly available, online knowledge base responsible for the aggregation, curation, integration and dissemination of knowledge regarding the impact of human genetic variation on drug response. It is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), and is a partner of the NIH Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN). It has been managed at Stanford University since its inception in 2000 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Phenoscape is a project to develop a database of phenotype data for species across the Ostariophysi, a large group of teleost fish. The data is captured using annotations that combine terms from an anatomy ontology, an accompanying taxonomic ontology, and quality terms from the PATO ontology of phenotype qualities. Several other OBO ontologies are also used | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The PHOsphorylation SIte DAtabase PHOSIDA integrates thousands of high-confidence in vivo phosphosites identified in various species on the basis of mass spectrometry technology. For each phosphosite, PHOSIDA lists matching kinase motifs, predicted secondary structures, conservation patterns, and its dynamic regulation upon stimulus or other treatments such as kinase inhibition, for example. It includes phosphoproteomes of various organisms ranging from eukaryotes such as human and yeast to bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
PhytoPath was a joint scientific project between the European Bioinformatics Institute and Rothamsted Research, running from January 2012 to May 30, 2017. The project aimed to enable the exploitation of the growing body of “-omics” data being generated for phytopathogens, their plant hosts and related model species. Gene mutant phenotypic information is directly displayed in genome browsers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.