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Fragaria chiloensis, the beach strawberry, Chilean strawberry, or coastal strawberry, is one of two species of wild strawberry that were hybridized to create the modern garden strawberry (F. × ananassa). It is native to the Pacific Ocean coasts of North and South America | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fuchsia magellanica – commonly known as the hummingbird fuchsia, hardy fuchsia or chilco (from Mapudungun: chillko "watery") – is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family Onagraceae, native to the lower Southern Cone of southern South America.
Description
This sub-shrub can grow to 10 feet (3. 0 m) in height and width in frost-free climates, and 4–5 feet (1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gratiola peruviana, commonly known as austral brooklime, is a small perennial herb in the family Plantaginaceae. The species is native to South America and Australasia. It grows to between 10 and 30 centimetres high and has pink or white tubular flowers with red-purple stripes inside | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gymnocalycium eurypleurum is a small "chin cactus" that is highly prized by cactus collectors and is known to be fairly easy to grow, albeit very slow It has been cultivated outside in latitudes as far north as Modesto, California. In the wild, the species is almost always solitary (non-clumping) and may grow in association with Frailea species. The species when grown in the greenhouse is also known for its fidelity to wild specimens | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gymnocalycium mihanovichii is a species of cactus from South America. The most popular cultivars are varied mutants which completely lack chlorophyll, exposing the red, orange, or yellow pigmentation. These mutant strains are often grafted onto the hylocereus cactus, and the combined plant is called a "Moon Cactus" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Halophytum ameghinoi is a species of herbaceous plant endemic to Patagonia. It is the only species in the genus Halophytum. It is a succulent annual plant, with simple, fleshy, alternate leaves | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Herbstia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. It only contains one species, Herbstia brasiliana (Moq. ) Sohmer It is within the Amaranthoideae subfamily | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Holmbergia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. It only contains one species, Holmbergia tweediei (Moq. ) Speg | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ipheion uniflorum is a species of flowering plant, related to the onions, so is placed in the allium subfamily (Allioideae) of the Amaryllidaceae. It is known by the common name springstar, or spring starflower. Along with all the species of the genus Ipheion, some sources place it in the genus Tristagma, but research published in 2010 suggested that this is not correct | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Jacobaea vulgaris, syn. Senecio jacobaea, is a very common wild flower in the family Asteraceae that is native to northern Eurasia, usually in dry, open places, and has also been widely distributed as a weed elsewhere.
Common names include ragwort, common ragwort, stinking willie, tansy ragwort, benweed, St | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Neobaclea is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae. It only contains one known species, Neobaclea crispifolia (Cav. ) Krapov | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Osmorhiza berteroi is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name mountain sweet cicely.
Systematics
Osmorhiza berteroi forms a species complex together with O. depauperata and O | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Passiflora caerulea, the blue passionflower, bluecrown passionflower or common passion flower, is a species of flowering plant native to South America. It has been introduced elsewhere. It is a vigorous, deciduous or semi-evergreen tendril vine growing to 10 m (33 ft) or more | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Reyesia is a small genus of four species of flowering plants belonging to the subfamily Cestroideae of the nightshade family Solanaceae. It is closely related to the genus Salpiglossis, which provides the ornamental species Salpiglossis sinuata. Together, the genera Reyesia and Salpiglossis form the tribe Salpiglossideae within the Cestroideae | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Sagittaria montevidensis is a species of flowering plant in the water-plantain family Alismataceae. Common names include giant arrowhead and California arrowhead.
Description
Sagittaria montevidensis is a robust, stemless, rhizomatous, aquatic plant | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A Golden Wake is an adventure game developed by Grundislav Games and published by Wadjet Eye Games. The game was released on 9 October 2014.
Production
Cubed3 explains: "This is the first full project from the studio Grundislav Games, previously having produced what are essentially adventure game shorts" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Min System is a mechanism composed of three proteins MinC, MinD, and MinE used by E. coli as a means of properly localizing the septum prior to cell division. Each component participates in generating a dynamic oscillation of FtsZ protein inhibition between the two bacterial poles to precisely specify the mid-zone of the cell, allowing the cell to accurately divide in two | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs) are a group of non-autonomous Class II transposable elements (DNA sequences). Being non-autonomous, MITEs cannot code for their own transposase. They exist within the genomes of animals, plants, fungi, bacteria and even viruses | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Genome mining describes the exploitation of genomic information for the discovery of biosynthetic pathways of natural products and their possible interactions. It depends on computational technology and bioinformatics tools. The mining process relies on a huge amount of data (represented by DNA sequences and annotations) accessible in genomic databases | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Multipartite is a class of virus that have segmented nucleic acid genomes, with each segment of the genome enclosed in a separate viral particle. Only a few ssDNA viruses have multipartite genomes, but a lot more RNA viruses have multipartite genomes. An advantage of multipartite genome is its ability to synthesize multiple mRNA strands to avoid the cellular constraint of monocistronicity | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The mutanome is the entirety of somatic cancer mutations in an individual tumor.
Description
Carcinogenesis is largely driven by changes in the DNA sequence of the genomes of cancer cells. This process leads to a unique repertoire of mutations (′the mutanome′) in every patient's tumor | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics (NCIBI) is one of seven National Centers for Biomedical Computing funded by the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) Roadmap for Medical Research. The center is based at the University of Michigan and is part of the Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics. NCIBI's mission is to create targeted knowledge environments for molecular biomedical research to help guide experiments and enable new insights from the analysis of complex diseases | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The National Centers for Biomedical Computing (NCBCs) are part of the U. S. National Institutes of Health plan to develop and implement the core of a universal computing infrastructure that is urgently needed to speed progress in biomedical research | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Neoepitopes are a class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) bounded peptides. They represent the antigenic determinants of neoantigens. Neoepitopes are recognized by the immune system as targets for T cells and can elicit immune response to cancer | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Neuroimaging Tools and Resources Collaboratory (NITRC) is a neuroimaging informatics knowledge environment for MR, PET/SPECT, CT, EEG/MEG, optical imaging, clinical neuroinformatics, imaging genomics, and computational neuroscience tools and resources.
Description
Initiated in 2006 and currently funded by NIH Grant number: 1R24EB029173 , NITRC's mission is to provide a user-friendly knowledge environment that enables the distribution, enhancement, and adoption of neuroimaging tools and resources and has expanded from MR to Imaging Genomics, EEG/MEG, PET/SPECT, CT, optical imaging, clinical neuroinformatics, and computational neuroscience. Supporting 143,000 page views per month, NITRC's 1,000+ tools and resources have been downloaded over 11 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Nutritional genomics, also known as nutrigenomics, is a science studying the relationship between human genome, human nutrition and health. People in the field work toward developing an understanding of how the whole body responds to a food via systems biology, as well as single gene/single food compound relationships. Nutritional genomics or Nutrigenomics is the relation between food and inherited genes, it was first expressed in 2001 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The branches of science known informally as omics are various disciplines in biology whose names end in the suffix -omics, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, phenomics and transcriptomics. Omics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of pools of biological molecules that translate into the structure, function, and dynamics of an organism or organisms. The related suffix -ome is used to address the objects of study of such fields, such as the genome, proteome or metabolome respectively | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An operational taxonomic unit (OTU) is an operational definition used to classify groups of closely related individuals. The term was originally introduced in 1963 by Robert R. Sokal and Peter H | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In, molecular genetics, an ORFeome refers to the complete set of open reading frames (ORFs) in a genome. The term may also be used to describe a set of cloned ORFs. ORFs correspond to the protein coding sequences (CDS) of genes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Orphan genes, ORFans, or taxonomically restricted genes (TRGs) are genes that lack a detectable homologue outside of a given species or lineage. Most genes have known homologues. Two genes are homologous when they share an evolutionary history, and the study of groups of homologous genes allows for an understanding of their evolutionary history and divergence | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Paleogenomics is a field of science based on the reconstruction and analysis of genomic information in extinct species. Improved methods for the extraction of ancient DNA (aDNA) from museum artifacts, ice cores, archeological or paleontological sites, and next-generation sequencing technologies have spurred this field. It is now possible to detect genetic drift, ancient population migration and interrelationships, the evolutionary history of extinct plant, animal and Homo species, and identification of phenotypic features across geographic regions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Personal Genetics Education Project (pgEd) aims to engage and inform a worldwide audience about the benefits of knowing one's genome as well as the ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) and dimensions of personal genetics. pgEd was founded in 2006, is housed in the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and is directed by Ting Wu, a professor in that department. It employs a variety of strategies for reaching general audiences, including generating online curricular materials, leading discussions in classrooms, workshops, and conferences, developing a mobile educational game (Map-Ed), holding an annual conference geared toward accelerating awareness (GETed), and working with the world of entertainment to improve accuracy and outreach | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Personal genomics or consumer genetics is the branch of genomics concerned with the sequencing, analysis and interpretation of the genome of an individual. The genotyping stage employs different techniques, including single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis chips (typically 0. 02% of the genome), or partial or full genome sequencing | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pharmacogenomics is the study of the role of the genome in drug response. Its name (pharmaco- + genomics) reflects its combining of pharmacology and genomics. Pharmacogenomics analyzes how the genetic makeup of a patient affects their response to drugs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In genetics and genetic epidemiology, a phenome-wide association study, abbreviated PheWAS, is a study design in which the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms or other types of DNA variants is tested across a large number of different phenotypes. The aim of PheWAS studies (or PheWASs) is to examine the causal linkage between known sequence differences and any type of trait, including molecular, biochemical, cellular, and especially clinical diagnoses and outcomes. It is a complementary approach to the genome-wide association study, or GWAS, methodology | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
[1]https://canto. phi-base. org/The Pathogen-Host Interactions database (PHI-base) is a biological database that contains curated information on genes experimentally proven to affect the outcome of pathogen-host interactions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The phosphatome of an organism is the set of phosphatase genes in its genome. Phosphatases are enzymes that catalyze the removal of phosphate from biomolecules. Over half of all cellular proteins are modified by phosphorylation which typically controls their functions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Phylogenomics is the intersection of the fields of evolution and genomics. The term has been used in multiple ways to refer to analysis that involves genome data and evolutionary reconstructions. It is a group of techniques within the larger fields of phylogenetics and genomics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Phylomedicine is an emerging discipline at the intersection of medicine, genomics, and evolution. It focuses on the use of evolutionary knowledge to predict functional consequences of mutations found in personal genomes and populations.
History
Modern technologies have made genome sequencing accessible, and biomedical scientists have profiled genomic variation in apparently healthy individuals and individuals diagnosed with a variety of diseases | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In genomics, the postgenomic era (or post-genomic era) refers to the time period from after the completion of the Human Genome Project to the present day. The name refers to the fact that the genetic epistemology of contemporary science has progressed beyond the gene-centered view of the earlier genomic era. It is defined by the widespread availability of both the human genome sequence and of the complete genomes of many reference organisms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hereditarianism is the doctrine or school of thought that heredity plays a significant role in determining human nature and character traits, such as intelligence and personality. Hereditarians believe in the power of genetics to explain human character traits and solve human social and political problems. Hereditarians adopt the view that an understanding of human evolution can extend the understanding of human nature | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The biological basis of personality is the collection of brain systems and mechanisms that underlie human personality. Human neurobiology, especially as it relates to complex traits and behaviors, is not well understood, but research into the neuroanatomical and functional underpinnings of personality are an active field of research. Animal models of behavior, molecular biology, and brain imaging techniques have provided some insight into human personality, especially trait theories | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Familial sleep traits are heritable variations in sleep patterns, resulting in abnormal sleep-wake times and/or abnormal sleep length.
Circadian rhythms are coordinated physiological and biological changes that oscillate on an approximately 24-hour cycle. Disruptions to these rhythms in humans may affect the duration, onset, and/or quality of sleep during this cycle, resulting in familial sleep traits | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The history of genetics dates from the classical era with contributions by Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Aristotle, Epicurus, and others. Modern genetics began with the work of the Augustinian friar Gregor Johann Mendel. His work on pea plants, published in 1866, provided the initial evidence that, on its rediscovery in 1900, helped to establish the theory of Mendelian inheritance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The adaptor hypothesis is a theoretical scheme in molecular biology to explain how information encoded in the nucleic acid sequences of messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the amino acids that make up proteins during the process of translation. It was formulated by Francis Crick in 1955 in an informal publication of the RNA Tie Club, and later elaborated in 1957 along with the central dogma of molecular biology and the sequence hypothesis. It was formally published as an article "On protein synthesis" in 1958 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory (also known as the chromosome theory of inheritance or the Sutton–Boveri theory) is a fundamental unifying theory of genetics which identifies chromosomes as the carriers of genetic material. It correctly explains the mechanism underlying the laws of Mendelian inheritance by identifying chromosomes with the paired factors (particles) required by Mendel's laws. It also states that chromosomes are linear structures with genes located at specific sites called loci along them | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The central dogma of molecular biology is an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein", although this is not its original meaning. It was first stated by Francis Crick in 1957, then published in 1958:
The Central Dogma | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chargaff's rules [given by Erwin Chargaff] states that in the DNA of any species and any organism, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine. Further a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of purine and pyrimidine bases (i. e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
"The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance" is a scientific paper by Ronald Fisher which was published in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1918, (volume 52, pages 399–433). In it, Fisher puts forward the "infinitesimal model", a genetics conceptual model showing that continuous variation amongst phenotypic traits could be the result of Mendelian inheritance. The paper also contains the first use of the statistical term variance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Direct3D and OpenGL are competing application programming interfaces (APIs) which can be used in applications to render 2D and 3D computer graphics. As of 2005, graphics processing units (GPUs) almost always implement one version of both of these APIs. Examples include: DirectX 9 and OpenGL 2 circa 2004; DirectX 10 and OpenGL 3 circa 2008; and most recently, DirectX 11 and OpenGL 4 circa 2011 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A photo gallery software is a computer software that let users to manage and display photos and pictures and, in some cases, videos and other multimedia content. Features could include classify, display, share, tagging, etc.
The following is a comparison of photo gallery publishing software | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Photo stitching software produce panoramic pictures and VR photographs. The other method involves using panoramic cameras or panoramic mirror lenses (i. e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This is a comparison of digital video recorder (DVR), also known as personal video recorder (PVR), software packages. Note: this is may be considered a comparison of DVB software, not all listed packages have recording capabilities.
General information
Basic general information for popular DVR software packages - not all actually record | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This is a comparison of streaming media systems. A more complete list of streaming media systems is also available.
General
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of streaming media systems both audio and video | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Α video codec is software or a device that provides encoding and decoding for digital video, and which may or may not include the use of video compression and/or decompression. Most codecs are typically implementations of video coding formats.
The compression may employ lossy data compression, so that quality-measurement issues become important | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
These tables compare features of multimedia container formats, most often used for storing or streaming digital video or digital audio content. To see which multimedia players support which container format, look at comparison of media players.
General information
Attachments (additional files, such as fonts for subtitles) are only supported in Matroska, MP4 and QTFF | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Vinyl emulation allows a user to physically manipulate the playback of digital audio files on a computer using the turntables as an interface, thus preserving the hands-on control and feel of DJing with vinyl. This has the added advantage of using turntables to play back audio recordings not available in phonograph form. This method allows DJs to scratch, beatmatch, and perform other turntablism that would be impossible with a conventional keyboard-and-mouse computer interface or less tactile control devices | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This comparison of wiki hosting services or wiki farms is not comprehensive, it details only those 'notable' enough (in Wikipedia terms) to be included. A useful comprehensive comparison of wiki farms can be found on MediaWiki's site, at mw:Hosting services.
Online services which host wiki-style editable web pages | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This is a comparison of word processing software.
General information
This table provides general information about selected word processors.
Characteristics
This table gives characteristics of each word processor | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This article compares features and other data about client and server software for Direct Connect, a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol.
Hub software
Direct Connect hubs are central servers to which clients connect, thus the networks are not as decentralized as Gnutella or FastTrack. Hubs provide information about the clients, as well as file-searching and chat capabilities | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This article presents a comparison of the features, platform support, and packaging of many independent implementations of Domain Name System (DNS) name server software.
Servers compared
Each of these DNS servers is an independent implementation of the DNS protocols, capable of resolving DNS names for other computers, publishing the DNS names of computers, or both. Excluded from consideration are single-feature DNS tools (such as proxies, filters, and firewalls) and redistributions of servers listed here (many products repackage BIND, for instance, with proprietary user interfaces) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The following is a comparison of RSS feed aggregators. Often e-mail programs and web browsers have the ability to display RSS feeds. They are listed here, too | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
File sharing is a method of distributing electronically stored information such as computer programs and digital media. Below is a list of file sharing applications, most of them make use of peer-to-peer file sharing technologies.
This comparison contains also download managers that can be used as file sharing applications | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of File Transfer Protocol (FTP) clients. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions, or external programs.
Free and open-source software
Proprietary freeware
Freeware and commercial editions
Trials of commercial
Commercial
Operating system support
The operating systems the clients can run on | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gnutella2, often referred to as G2, is a peer-to-peer protocol developed mainly by Michael Stokes and released in 2002.
While inspired by the gnutella protocol, G2 shares little of its design with the exception of its connection handshake and download mechanics. G2 adopts an extensible binary packet format and an entirely new search algorithm | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The comparison of mail servers covers mail transfer agents (MTAs), mail delivery agents, and other computer software that provide e-mail services.
Unix-based mail servers are built using a number of components because a Unix-style environment is, by default, a toolbox operating system. A stock Unix-like server already has internal mail; more traditional ones also come with a full MTA already part of the standard installation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of notable network monitoring systems. Please see the individual products' articles for further information.
Features
Legend
Product Name
The name of the software, linked to its Wikipedia article | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of online analytical processing (OLAP) servers. Please see the individual products articles for further information.
General information
Data storage modes
APIs and query languages
APIs and query languages OLAP servers support | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This page is a comparison of notable remote desktop software available for various platforms.
Remote desktop software
Operating system support
Features
Terminology
In the table above, the following terminology is intended to be used to describe some important features:
Listening mode: where a server connects to a viewer. The server site does not have to configure its firewall/NAT to allow access on a defined port; the onus is on the viewer, which is useful if the server site has no computer expertise, while the viewer user would be expected to be more knowledgeable | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Research networking (RN) is about using tools to identify, locate and use research and scholarly information about people and resources. Research networking tools (RN tools) serve as knowledge management systems for the research enterprise. RN tools connect institution-level/enterprise systems, national research networks, publicly available research data (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The following is a comparison of the features of notable shopping cart software packages available. Some such shopping cart software is extensible through third-party software components and applications. As such, the features listed below may not encompass all possible features for a given software package | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Swarm robotic platforms apply swarm robotics in multi-robot collaboration. They take inspiration from nature (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This is a comparison of voice over IP (VoIP) software used to conduct telephone-like voice conversations across Internet Protocol (IP) based networks. For residential markets, voice over IP phone service is often cheaper than traditional public switched telephone network (PSTN) service and can remove geographic restrictions to telephone numbers, e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Web server software allows computers to act as web servers. The first web servers supported only static files, such as HTML (and images), but now they commonly allow embedding of server side applications.
Some web application frameworks include simple HTTP servers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A wireless configuration utility, wireless configuration tool, wireless LAN client, or wireless connection management utility is a class of network management software that manages the activities and features of a wireless network connection. It may control the process of selecting an available access point, authenticating and associating to it and setting up other parameters of the wireless connection. There are many wireless LAN clients available for use | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
There are a number of Unix-like operating systems based on or descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) series of Unix variant options. The three most notable descendants in current use are FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD, which are all derived from 386BSD and 4. 4BSD-Lite, by various routes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Technical variations of Linux distributions include support for different hardware devices and systems or software package configurations. Organizational differences may be motivated by historical reasons. Other criteria include security, including how quickly security upgrades are available; ease of package management; and number of packages available | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Netbooks are small laptops, with screen sizes between approximately 7 and 12 inches and low power consumption. They use either an SSD (solid state disk) or a HDD (hard disk drive) for storage, have up to 2 gigabytes of RAM (but often less), lack an optical disk drive, and usually have USB, Ethernet, WiFi and often Bluetooth connectivity. The name emphasizes their use as portable Internet appliances | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The tables below compare cryptography libraries that deal with cryptography algorithms and have API function calls to each of the supported features.
Cryptography libraries
FIPS 140
This table denotes, if a cryptography library provides the technical requisites for FIPS 140, and the status of their FIPS 140 certification (according to NIST's CMVP search, modules in process list and implementation under test list).
Key operations
Key operations include key generation algorithms, key exchange agreements and public key cryptography standards | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This is a technical feature comparison of different disk encryption software.
Background information
Operating systems
Features
Hidden containers: Whether hidden containers (an encrypted container (A) within another encrypted container (B) so the existence of container A can not be established) can be created for deniable encryption. Note that some modes of operation like CBC with a plain IV can be more prone to watermarking attacks than others | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MQTT is an ISO standard (ISO/IEC PRF 20922) publish–subscribe-based messaging protocol. It works on top of the Internet protocol suite TCP/IP. It is designed for connections with remote locations where a "small code footprint" is required or the network bandwidth is limited | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This is a comparison of online backup services.
Online backup is a special kind of online storage service; however, various products that are designed for file storage may not have features or characteristics that others designed for backup have. Online Backup usually requires a backup client program | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A number of computer operating systems employ security features to help prevent malicious software from gaining sufficient privileges to compromise the computer system. Operating systems lacking such features, such as DOS, Windows implementations prior to Windows NT (and its descendants), CP/M-80, and all Mac operating systems prior to Mac OS X, had only one category of user who was allowed to do anything. With separate execution contexts it is possible for multiple users to store private files, for multiple users to use a computer at the same time, to protect the system against malicious users, and to protect the system against malicious programs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol provides the ability to secure communications across or inside networks. This comparison of TLS implementations compares several of the most notable libraries. There are several TLS implementations which are free software and open source | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This article compares browser engines, especially actively-developed ones. Some of these engines have shared origins. For example, the WebKit engine was created by forking the KHTML engine in 2001 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A lightweight web browser is a web browser that sacrifices some of the features of a mainstream web browser in order to reduce the consumption of system resources, and especially to minimize the memory footprint. The tables below compare notable lightweight web browsers. Several of them use a common layout engine, but each has a unique combination of features and a potential niche | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This is a comparison of both historical and current web browsers based on developer, engine, platform(s), releases, license, and cost.
General information
Basic general information about the browsers. Browsers listed on a light purple background are discontinued | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The shooting of Korryn Gaines occurred on August 1, 2016, in Randallstown, Maryland, near Baltimore, resulting in the death of Gaines, a 23-year-old woman, and the shooting of her son, who survived. According to the Baltimore County Police Department, officers sought to serve Gaines a warrant in relation to an earlier traffic violation. She had refused to vacate her vehicle or show her driver's license, and resisted arrest | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Whistleblower Aid is a nonprofit legal assistance organization co-founded by John Tye and Mark Zaid to help whistleblowers in government and the private sector. It provides free legal services as well as support and security services for eligible clients.
History
In 2017, John N | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The return ratio of a dependent source in a linear electrical circuit is the negative of the ratio of the current (voltage) returned to the site of the dependent source to the current (voltage) of a replacement independent source. The terms loop gain and return ratio are often used interchangeably; however, they are necessarily equivalent only in the case of a single feedback loop system with unilateral blocks.
Calculating the return ratio
The steps for calculating the return ratio of a source are as follows:
Set all independent sources to zero | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In electronics, when describing a voltage or current step function, rise time is the time taken by a signal to change from a specified low value to a specified high value. These values may be expressed as ratios or, equivalently, as percentages with respect to a given reference value. In analog electronics and digital electronics, these percentages are commonly the 10% and 90% (or equivalently 0 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In control theory, robust control is an approach to controller design that explicitly deals with uncertainty. Robust control methods are designed to function properly provided that uncertain parameters or disturbances are found within some (typically compact) set. Robust methods aim to achieve robust performance and/or stability in the presence of bounded modelling errors | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In applied mathematics, the Rosenbrock system matrix or Rosenbrock's system matrix of a linear time-invariant system is a useful representation bridging state-space representation and transfer function matrix form. It was proposed in 1967 by Howard H. Rosenbrock | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The S-procedure or S-lemma is a mathematical result that gives conditions under which a particular quadratic inequality is a consequence of another quadratic inequality. The S-procedure was developed independently in a number of different contexts and has applications in control theory, linear algebra and mathematical optimization.
Statement of the S-procedure
Let F1 and F2 be symmetric matrices, g1 and g2 be vectors and h1 and h2 be real numbers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In systems science, a sampled-data system is a control system in which a continuous-time plant is controlled with a digital device. Under periodic sampling, the sampled-data system is time-varying but also periodic; thus, it may be modeled by a simplified discrete-time system obtained by discretizing the plant. However, this discrete model does not capture the inter-sample behavior of the real system, which may be critical in a number of applications | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The scenario approach or scenario optimization approach is a technique for obtaining solutions to robust optimization and chance-constrained optimization problems based on a sample of the constraints. It also relates to inductive reasoning in modeling and decision-making. The technique has existed for decades as a heuristic approach and has more recently been given a systematic theoretical foundation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In applied physics, the concept of controlling self-organized criticality refers to the control of processes by which a self-organized system dissipates energy. The objective of the control is to reduce the probability of occurrence of and size of energy dissipation bursts, often called avalanches, of self-organized systems. Dissipation of energy in a self-organized critical system into a lower energy state can be costly for society, since it depends on avalanches of all sizes usually following a kind of power law distribution and large avalanches can be damaging and disruptive | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In control theory a self-tuning system is capable of optimizing its own internal running parameters in order to maximize or minimize the fulfilment of an objective function; typically the maximization of efficiency or error minimization.
Self-tuning and auto-tuning often refer to the same concept. Many software research groups consider auto-tuning the proper nomenclature | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In control engineering, the sensitivity (or more precisely, the sensitivity function) of a control system measures how variations in the plant parameters affects the closed-loop transfer function. Since the controller parameters are typically matched to the process characteristics and the process may change, it is important that the controller parameters are chosen in such a way that the closed loop system is not sensitive to variations in process dynamics. Moreover, the sensitivity function is also important to analyse how disturbances affects the system | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In control theory, a separation principle, more formally known as a principle of separation of estimation and control, states that under some assumptions the problem of designing an optimal feedback controller for a stochastic system can be solved by designing an optimal observer for the state of the system, which feeds into an optimal deterministic controller for the system. Thus the problem can be broken into two separate parts, which facilitates the design.
The first instance of such a principle is in the setting of deterministic linear systems, namely that if a stable observer and a stable state feedback are designed for a linear time-invariant system (LTI system hereafter), then the combined observer and feedback is stable | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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