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In mathematics, subshifts of finite type are used to model dynamical systems, and in particular are the objects of study in symbolic dynamics and ergodic theory. They also describe the set of all possible sequences executed by a finite state machine. The most widely studied shift spaces are the subshifts of finite type | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The volume entropy is an asymptotic invariant of a compact Riemannian manifold that measures the exponential growth rate of the volume of metric balls in its universal cover. This concept is closely related with other notions of entropy found in dynamical systems and plays an important role in differential geometry and geometric group theory. If the manifold is nonpositively curved then its volume entropy coincides with the topological entropy of the geodesic flow | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In dynamical systems and ergodic theory, the concept of a wandering set formalizes a certain idea of movement and mixing. When a dynamical system has a wandering set of non-zero measure, then the system is a dissipative system. This is the opposite of a conservative system, to which the Poincaré recurrence theorem applies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematics, a fixed point (sometimes shortened to fixpoint), also known as an invariant point, is a value that does not change under a given transformation. Specifically for functions, a fixed point is an element that is mapped to itself by the function.
Fixed point of a function
Formally, c is a fixed point of a function f if c belongs to both the domain and the codomain of f, and f(c) = c | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematical economics, applied general equilibrium (AGE) models were pioneered by Herbert Scarf at Yale University in 1967, in two papers, and a follow-up book with Terje Hansen in 1973, with the aim of empirically estimating the Arrow–Debreu model of general equilibrium theory with empirical data, to provide "“a general method for the explicit numerical solution of the neoclassical model”
(Scarf with Hansen 1973: 1)
Scarf's method iterated a sequence of simplicial subdivisions which would generate a decreasing sequence of simplices around any solution of the general equilibrium problem. With sufficiently many steps, the sequence would produce a price vector that clears the market.
Brouwer's Fixed Point theorem states that a continuous mapping of a simplex into itself has at least one fixed point | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Asymptotic safety (sometimes also referred to as nonperturbative renormalizability) is a concept in quantum field theory which aims at finding a consistent and predictive quantum theory of the gravitational field. Its key ingredient is a nontrivial fixed point of the theory's renormalization group flow which controls the behavior of the coupling constants in the ultraviolet (UV) regime and renders physical quantities safe from divergences. Although originally proposed by Steven Weinberg to find a theory of quantum gravity, the idea of a nontrivial fixed point providing a possible UV completion can be applied also to other field theories, in particular to perturbatively nonrenormalizable ones | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematics, an autonomous convergence theorem is one of a family of related theorems which specify conditions guaranteeing global asymptotic stability of a continuous autonomous dynamical system.
History
The Markus–Yamabe conjecture was formulated as an attempt to give conditions for global stability of continuous dynamical systems in two dimensions. However, the Markus–Yamabe conjecture does not hold for dimensions higher than two, a problem which autonomous convergence theorems attempt to address | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In quantum chromodynamics (and also N = 1 super quantum chromodynamics) with massless flavors, if the number of flavors, Nf, is sufficiently small (i. e. small enough to guarantee asymptotic freedom, depending on the number of colors), the theory can flow to an interacting conformal fixed point of the renormalization group | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematics, the Borsuk–Ulam theorem states that every continuous function from an n-sphere into Euclidean n-space maps some pair of antipodal points to the same point. Here, two points on a sphere are called antipodal if they are in exactly opposite directions from the sphere's center.
Formally: if
f
:
S
n
→
R
n
{\displaystyle f:S^{n}\to \mathbb {R} ^{n}}
is continuous then there exists an
x
∈
S
n
{\displaystyle x\in S^{n}}
such that:
f
(
−
x
)
=
f
(
x
)
{\displaystyle f(-x)=f(x)}
| https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Brouwer's fixed-point theorem is a fixed-point theorem in topology, named after L. E. J | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematics, a coincidence point (or simply coincidence) of two functions is a point in their common domain having the same image.
Formally, given two functions
f
,
g
:
X
→
Y
{\displaystyle f,g\colon X\rightarrow Y}
we say that a point x in X is a coincidence point of f and g if f(x) = g(x). Coincidence theory (the study of coincidence points) is, in most settings, a generalization of fixed point theory, the study of points x with f(x) = x | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Common knowledge is a special kind of knowledge for a group of agents. There is common knowledge of p in a group of agents G when all the agents in G know p, they all know that they know p, they all know that they all know that they know p, and so on ad infinitum. It can be denoted as
C
G
p
{\displaystyle C_{G}p}
| https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In dynamical systems theory, Conley index theory, named after Charles Conley, analyzes topological structure of invariant sets of diffeomorphisms and of smooth flows. It is a far-reaching generalization of the Hopf index theorem that predicts existence of fixed points of a flow inside a planar region in terms of information about its behavior on the boundary. Conley's theory is related to Morse theory, which describes the topological structure of a closed manifold by means of a nondegenerate gradient vector field | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematics, the Conley–Zehnder theorem, named after Charles C. Conley and Eduard Zehnder, provides a lower bound for the number of fixed points of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of standard symplectic tori in terms of the topology of the underlying tori. The lower bound is one plus the cup-length of the torus (thus 2n+1, where 2n is the dimension of the considered torus), and it can be strengthen to the rank of the homology of the torus (which is 22n) provided all the fixed points are non-degenerate, this latter condition being generic in the C1-topology | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematics, a contraction mapping, or contraction or contractor, on a metric space (M, d) is a function f from M to itself, with the property that there is some real number
0
≤
k
<
1
{\displaystyle 0\leq k<1}
such that for all x and y in M,
d
(
f
(
x
)
,
f
(
y
)
)
≤
k
d
(
x
,
y
)
.
{\displaystyle d(f(x),f(y))\leq k\,d(x,y). }
The smallest such value of k is called the Lipschitz constant of f | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematics, the cycles of a permutation π of a finite set S correspond bijectively to the orbits of the subgroup generated by π acting on S. These orbits are subsets of S that can be written as { c1, . | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In combinatorial mathematics, a derangement is a permutation of the elements of a set in which no element appears in its original position. In other words, a derangement is a permutation that has no fixed points.
The number of derangements of a set of size n is known as the subfactorial of n or the n-th derangement number or n-th de Montmort number (after Pierre Remond de Montmort) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Domain theory is a branch of mathematics that studies special kinds of partially ordered sets (posets) commonly called domains. Consequently, domain theory can be considered as a branch of order theory. The field has major applications in computer science, where it is used to specify denotational semantics, especially for functional programming languages | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematics, the Dottie number is a constant that is the unique real root of the equation
cos
x
=
x
{\displaystyle \cos x=x}
,where the argument of
cos
{\displaystyle \cos }
is in radians. The decimal expansion of the Dottie number is
0. 739085 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A fixed point of an isometry group is a point that is a fixed point for every isometry in the group. For any isometry group in Euclidean space the set of fixed points is either empty or an affine space.
For an object, any unique centre and, more generally, any point with unique properties with respect to the object is a fixed point of its symmetry group | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematics, the fixed-point index is a concept in topological fixed-point theory, and in particular Nielsen theory. The fixed-point index can be thought of as a multiplicity measurement for fixed points.
The index can be easily defined in the setting of complex analysis: Let f(z) be a holomorphic mapping on the complex plane, and let z0 be a fixed point of f | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A mathematical object X has the fixed-point property if every suitably well-behaved mapping from X to itself has a fixed point. The term is most commonly used to describe topological spaces on which every continuous mapping has a fixed point. But another use is in order theory, where a partially ordered set P is said to have the fixed point property if every increasing function on P has a fixed point | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematics, a Hausdorff space X is called a fixed-point space if every continuous function
f
:
X
→
X
{\displaystyle f:X\rightarrow X}
has a fixed point.
For example, any closed interval [a,b] in
R
{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }
is a fixed point space, and it can be proved from the intermediate value property of real continuous function. The open interval (a, b), however, is not a fixed point space | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In theoretical physics, functional renormalization group (FRG) is an implementation of the renormalization group (RG) concept which is used in quantum and statistical field theory, especially when dealing with strongly interacting systems. The method combines functional methods of quantum field theory with the intuitive renormalization group idea of Kenneth G. Wilson | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The hairy ball theorem of algebraic topology (sometimes called the hedgehog theorem in Europe) states that there is no nonvanishing continuous tangent vector field on even-dimensional n-spheres. For the ordinary sphere, or 2‑sphere, if f is a continuous function that assigns a vector in R3 to every point p on a sphere such that f(p) is always tangent to the sphere at p, then there is at least one pole, a point where the field vanishes (a p such that f(p) = 0).
The theorem was first proved by Henri Poincaré for the 2-sphere in 1885, and extended to higher even dimensions in 1912 by Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In physics, an infrared fixed point is a set of coupling constants, or other parameters, that evolve from initial values at very high energies (short distance) to fixed stable values, usually predictable, at low energies (large distance). This usually involves the use of the renormalization group, which specifically details the way parameters in a physical system (a quantum field theory) depend on the energy scale being probed.
Conversely, if the length-scale decreases and the physical parameters approach fixed values, then we have ultraviolet fixed points | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In mathematics, an iterated function is a function X → X (that is, a function from some set X to itself) which is obtained by composing another function f : X → X with itself a certain number of times. The process of repeatedly applying the same function is called iteration. In this process, starting from some initial object, the result of applying a given function is fed again in the function as input, and this process is repeated | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Puzzle Bots is a graphic adventure developed by Ivy Games and published by Wadjet Eye Games. The game uses a point and click interface to interact with the environment to solve puzzles and communicate with characters.
Reception
The game received above-average reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Rise 2: Resurrection is a fighting game developed by Mirage Media and published by Acclaim Entertainment in 1996. The game is a sequel to Rise of the Robots, and improves on the first game's graphics, rendering, and animation; hits give off metal scraps and electrical arcs progressively run over the bodies of damaged robots.
The in-game music features hard-rock themed music by Tom Grimshaw at Mirage, and a theme by Queen's guitarist Brian May entitled "Cyborg" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Robopon 2 Ring Version and Robopon 2 Cross Version are video games published by Atlus and released for the Game Boy Advance in 2001–2002. They are sequels to the Game Boy Color game Robopon. Their simultaneous release is similar to how the Pokémon series of video games are released in pairs of games (such as Pokémon Red and Blue) to promote inter-connectivity between them | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Robot Alchemic Drive, also known as R. A. D | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Robot Rescue is a puzzle game developed by Teyon for the Nintendo DSi. It was available for download at the Nintendo DSi Shop for 200 Nintendo DSi Points.
Gameplay
A player's goal is to free robots trapped in an evil computer labyrinth | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Star Wars: DroidWorks is a 1998 edutainment computer game and the premiere title from LucasArts subsidiary Lucas Learning. It uses the same engine as LucasArts' previous title Star Wars: Jedi Knight. The creators aimed to create a game that would be both appealing and nonviolent | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Treasure World is an adventure game developed and published by Aspyr for the Nintendo DS handheld game console. The game is unique, as its gameplay consists mainly of collecting and making use of Wi-Fi signals picked up by the handheld.
Scenario
Upon booting up the game, the player is introduced to the "Star Sweep", an elderly man who cleans stars, with aid of a robot named the "Wish Finder" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Vectorman 2 is a 2D action platformer developed by BlueSky Software and published by Sega. Released just a year after the original Vectorman, the game retains the game's core gameplay while expanding its mechanics. While multiple sequels were planned or proposed, no further entries in the series have surfaced to date | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Vengeful Guardian: Moonrider is a 2D action-platformer developed by JoyMasher and published by The Arcade Crew. It was released for Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 on January 12, 2023. In the game, players take control of a robotic ninja called Moonrider, who seeks to rebel against its tyrannical creators | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
War Robots (previously titled Walking War Robots) is mobile app game developed and published by the game developer Pixonic. It is a third-person shooter with real-time PvP battles in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) mode. Players operate BattleTech-like robots on a live battlefield | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Warframe is a free-to-play action role-playing third-person shooter multiplayer online game developed and published by Digital Extremes. First released for Windows personal computers in March 2013, it was later ported to PlayStation 4 in November 2013, Xbox One in September 2014, Nintendo Switch in November 2018, PlayStation 5 in November 2020, and Xbox Series X/S in April 2021. Support for cross-platform play was released in 2022 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Wikitrivia is a trivia browser game created by Tom J. Watson, which gained popularity in January 2022. Players are presented with a timeline and a card with a subject and a type of date (such as "Bosporan Kingdom" and "created"), and must put the event in the correct place in the timeline (between other cards) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Wonderputt is a 2011 Flash and iPhone mini-golf game that was developed by Reece Millidge/Damp Gnat. It was built using the source code for Millidge's previous games Adverputt & Microputt. The creative aesthetics of the game received praise; Tom Curtis of Gamasutra likened the visuals to an M | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
World of the Living Dead (WoTLD) : Resurrection was a real-time zombie survival strategy browser game developed using OpenStreetMap to provide the underlying game world, with in-depth gameplay features to make a browser-based massively multiplayer online role-playing game accessible on desktop, tablet and mobile devices.
The game was set in a post-apocalyptic Los Angeles, overrun by the zombie apocalypse. Players were tasked with commanding, sustaining, and protecting one or more squads of survivors as they roamed the deserted streets and fought for survival | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
World Without Oil (WWO) is an alternate reality game (ARG) created to call attention to, spark dialogue about, plan for and engineer solutions to a possible near-future global oil shortage, post peak oil. It was the creation of San Jose game writer and designer Ken Eklund, and ARG veterans Jane McGonigal, Dee Cook, Marie Lamb, Michelle Senderhauf, and Krystyn Wells were on the puppetmaster team. World Without Oil was presented by Independent Television Service (ITVS) with funding by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
X-Wars was a massively multiplayer browser game, in which thousands of players interact in realtime. It contains elements of real-time strategy and construction and management simulation.
The player colonizes and develops planets, designs, builds and commands starships as well as trades, allies and battles with other players | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ZooMumba was a free-to-play zoo simulator developed and published by Bigpoint where players took up the responsibility of creating and maintaining a zoo. Players started with an empty piece of land to transform into a successful zoo. Players had a variety of objects and tools at their disposal to transform the empty piece of land into one of the world’s best zoos | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The 7th Guest is an interactive movie puzzle adventure game, produced by Trilobyte and originally released by Virgin Interactive Entertainment in April 1993. It is one of the first computer video games to be released only on CD-ROM. The 7th Guest is a horror story told from the unfolding perspective of the player, as an amnesiac | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Shadowgate is a black-and-white point-and-click adventure game published for the Macintosh as part of the MacVenture series. The game is named for its setting, Castle Shadowgate, residence of the evil Warlock Lord. The player, as the "last of a great line of hero-kings" is charged with the task of saving the world by defeating the Warlock Lord, who is attempting to summon up the demon Behemoth out of Hell | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In digital transmission, bit slip is the loss or gain of a bit or bits, caused by clock drift – variations in the respective clock rates of the transmitting and receiving devices.
One cause of bit slippage is overflow of a receive buffer that occurs when the transmitter's clock rate exceeds that of the receiver. This causes one or more bits to be dropped for lack of storage capacity | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CloudMe is a file storage service operated by CloudMe AB that offers cloud storage, file synchronization and client software. It features a blue folder that appears on all devices with the same content, all files are synchronized between devices. The CloudMe service is offered with a freemium business model and provides encrypted SSL connection with SSL Extended Validation Certificate | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The execution of a business process consists of one or more transactions. Each transaction may consist of several individual operations yet, as a whole, it moves the system between consistent states.
There are two groups of systems where compensating transaction may be applied:
1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A data island is a data store, such as on a PDA or other computing device, that has non-existent or limited external connectivity. This limits the ability of the user to synchronize with or copy the data to other devices. Though new data can be added to the system, the ability to move that data elsewhere is impractical or impossible | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A differential backup is a type of data backup that preserves data, saving only the difference in the data since the last full backup. The rationale in this is that, since changes to data are generally few compared to the entire amount of data in the data repository, the amount of time required to complete the backup will be smaller than if a full backup was performed every time that the organization or data owner wishes to back up changes since the last full backup. Another advantage, at least as compared to the incremental backup method of data backup, is that at data restoration time, at most two backup media are ever needed to restore all the data | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Filecoin (⨎) is an open-source, public cryptocurrency and digital payment system intended to be a blockchain-based cooperative digital storage and data retrieval method. It is made by Protocol Labs and shares some ideas from InterPlanetary File System allowing users to rent unused hard drive space. A blockchain mechanism is used to register the deals | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
GroupLogic, Inc. , founded in 1988 and headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, U. S | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Grsync is a graphical user interface for rsync. rsync is a differential backup and file synchronization tool widely used in Unix-like operating systems.
Grsync is developed with the GTK widget toolkit | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
iFolder is an open-source application, developed by Novell, Inc. , intended to allow cross-platform file sharing across computer networks.
iFolder operates on the concept of shared folders, where a folder is marked as shared and the contents of the folder are then synchronized to other computers over a network, either directly between computers in a peer-to-peer fashion or through a server | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An incremental backup is one in which successive copies of the data contain only the portion that has changed since the preceding backup copy was made. When a full recovery is needed, the restoration process would need the last full backup plus all the incremental backups until the point of restoration. Incremental backups are often desirable as they reduce storage space usage, and are quicker to perform than differential backups | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Optimistic replication, also known as lazy replication, is a strategy for replication, in which replicas are allowed to diverge. Traditional pessimistic replication systems try to guarantee from the beginning that all of the replicas are identical to each other, as if there was only a single copy of the data all along. Optimistic replication does away with this in favor of eventual consistency, meaning that replicas are guaranteed to converge only when the system has been quiesced for a period of time | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mirror sites or mirrors are replicas of other websites. The concept of mirroring applies to network services accessible through any protocol, such as HTTP or FTP. Such sites have different URLs than the original site, but host identical or near-identical content | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
OfflineIMAP is IMAP synchronization utility software, capable of synchronizing mail on IMAP server with local Maildir folder or another server.
Description
The synchronization is performed bidirectionally between two endpoints ("Remote" and "Local" repositories). OfflineIMAP accesses mail servers only via Internet Message Access Protocol (Post Office Protocol – another popular way to get mail from server – is not supported), it works faster (though it is sensitive to connection's latency) and supports more advanced features than most mail clients | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Replication in computing involves sharing information so as to ensure consistency between redundant resources, such as software or hardware components, to improve reliability, fault-tolerance, or accessibility.
Terminology
Replication in computing can refer to:
Data replication, where the same data is stored on multiple storage devices
Computation replication, where the same computing task is executed many times. Computational tasks may be:
Replicated in space, where tasks are executed on separate devices
Replicated in time, where tasks are executed repeatedly on a single deviceReplication in space or in time is often linked to scheduling algorithms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
rsync is a utility for efficiently transferring and synchronizing files between a computer and a storage drive and across networked computers by comparing the modification times and sizes of files. It is commonly found on Unix-like operating systems and is under the GPL-3. 0-or-later license | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Slony-I is an asynchronous master-slave replication system for the PostgreSQL DBMS, providing support for cascading and failover. Asynchronous means that when a database transaction has been committed to the master server, it is not yet guaranteed to be available in slaves. Cascading means that replicas can be created (and updated) via other replicas, i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
SparkleShare is an open-source cloud storage and file synchronization client app. By default, it uses Git as a storage backend. SparkleShare is comparable to Dropbox, but the cloud storage can be provided by the user's own server, or a hosted solution such as GitHub | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computer science, state machine replication (SMR) or state machine approach is a general method for implementing a fault-tolerant service by replicating servers and coordinating client interactions with server replicas. The approach also provides a framework for understanding and designing replication management protocols.
Problem definition
Distributed service
In terms of clients and services | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
SugarSync is a cloud service that enables active synchronization of files across computers and other devices for file backup, access, syncing, and sharing from a variety of operating systems, such as Android, iOS, Mac OS X, and Windows devices. For Linux, only a discontinued unofficial third-party client is available.
Overview
The SugarSync program automatically refreshes its sync by constantly monitoring changes to files—additions, deletions, edits—and syncs these changes with the SugarSync servers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
SymmetricDS is open source software for database and file synchronization with Multi-master replication, filtered synchronization, and transformation capabilities. It is designed to scale for a large number of nodes, work across low-bandwidth connections, and withstand periods of network outage. Data synchronization occurs asynchronously from a scheduled job, with data changes being sent over a push or pull operation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
sync is a standard system call in the Unix operating system, which commits all data from the kernel filesystem buffers to non-volatile storage, i. e. , data which has been scheduled for writing via low-level I/O system calls | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Syncthing is a free, open-source peer-to-peer file synchronization application available for Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, Solaris, Darwin, and BSD. It can sync files between devices on a local network, or between remote devices over the Internet. Data security and data safety are built into its design | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Telehash is a mesh networking protocol that aims to be secure. The protocol is licensed under the Creative Commons Public domain. Telehash implementations were still in development by 2014 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A version vector is a mechanism for tracking changes to data in a distributed system, where multiple agents might update the data at different times. The version vector allows the participants to determine if one update preceded another (happened-before), followed it, or if the two updates happened concurrently (and therefore might conflict with each other). In this way, version vectors enable causality tracking among data replicas and are a basic mechanism for optimistic replication | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A Watermark for data synchronization describes an object of a predefined format which provides a point of reference value for two systems/datasets attempting to establish delta/incremental synchronization; any object in the queried data source which was created, modified, or deleted after the watermark's value will be qualified as "above watermark" and should be returned to the client requesting data.
This approach allows the client to retrieve only the objects which have changed since the latest watermark, and also enables the client to resume its synchronization job from where it left off in the event of some pause or downtime.
Methodology
Watermark term is often used in Directory Synchronization software development projects | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Windows Live Devices was an online device management service as part of Windows Live which will allow users to centrally access and manage the synchronization of files stored on their computers, mobile devices, as well as other peripherals such as digital photo frames. Windows Live Devices also allows users to remotely access their computers from the internet using a web browser.
This service integrates tightly with Windows Live Mesh to allow files and folders between two or more computers be in sync with each other, as well as to be in sync with files and folders stored on the cloud with SkyDrive | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ZumoDrive is a defunct cloud-based file hosting service operated by Zecter, Inc. On December 22, 2010, Zecter announced its acquisition by Motorola Mobility. The service enabled users to store and sync files online, and also between computers using their HybridCloud storage solution; the latter functionality stopped working in approximately September 2011, while the former was undergoing formal takedown on May 1, 2012 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Desktop and mobile Architecture for System Hardware (DASH) is a Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) standard.
Description
In April 2007 the Desktop and Mobile Working Group (DMWG) of the DMTF started work on an implementation requirements specification (DSP0232). Version, DASH 1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ETX, standing for Embedded Technology eXtended, is an integrated and compact 95 × 125 mm (3. 7 × 4. 9 in) computer-on-module (COM) form factor, which can be used in a design application much like an integrated circuit component | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A host controller interface (HCI) is a register-level interface that enables a host controller for USB or IEEE 1394 hardware to communicate with a host controller driver in software. The driver software is typically provided with an operating system of a personal computer, but may also be implemented by application-specific devices such as a microcontroller.
On the expansion card or motherboard controller, this involves much custom logic, with digital logic engines in the motherboard's controller chip, plus analog circuitry managing the high-speed differential signals | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Management Component Transport Protocol (MCTP) is a protocol designed by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) to support communications between different intelligent hardware components that make up a platform management subsystem, providing monitoring and control functions inside a managed computer system. This protocol is independent of the underlying physical bus properties, as well as the data link layer messaging used on the bus. The MCTP communication model includes a message format, transport description, message exchange patterns, and operational endpoint characteristics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MIDI (; Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a technical standard that describes a communications protocol, digital interface, and electrical connectors that connect a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers, and related audio devices for playing, editing, and recording music. A single MIDI cable can carry up to sixteen channels of MIDI data, each of which can be routed to a separate device. Each interaction with a key, button, knob or slider is converted into a MIDI event, which specifies musical instructions, such as a note's pitch, timing and loudness | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NVM Express (NVMe) or Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification (NVMHCIS) is an open, logical-device interface specification for accessing a computer's non-volatile storage media usually attached via the PCI Express bus. The initialism NVM stands for non-volatile memory, which is often NAND flash memory that comes in several physical form factors, including solid-state drives (SSDs), PCIe add-in cards, and M. 2 cards, the successor to mSATA cards | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
OMA Device Management is a device management protocol specified by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM) Working Group and the Data Synchronization (DS) Working Group. The current approved specification of OMA DM is version 1. 2 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Open Platform Management Architecture (OPMA) is an open, royalty free standard for connecting a modular, platform hardware management subsystem (an "mCard") to a computer motherboard. Platform hardware management generally refers to the remote monitoring of platform hardware variables such as fan speed, voltages, CPU and enclosure temperatures along with a wide range of other sensors. It also implies the ability to remotely control the power state of the platform and to reset the system back into an operational state should it "hang" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The PCI/104-Express™ specification establishes a standard to use the high-speed PCI Express bus in embedded applications. It was developed by the PC/104 Consortium and adopted by member vote in March 2008. PCI Express was chosen because of its market adoption, performance, scalability, and growing silicon availability worldwide | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Qseven, a computer-on-module (COM) form factor, is a small, highly integrated computer module that can be used in a design application much like an integrated circuit component. It is smaller than other computer-on-module standards such as COM Express, ETX or XTX and is limited to very low power consuming CPUs. The maximum power consumption should be no more than 12 watts | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Redfish standard is a suite of specifications that deliver an industry standard protocol providing a RESTful interface for the management of servers, storage, networking, and converged infrastructure.
History
The Redfish standard has been elaborated under the SPMF umbrella at the DMTF in 2014. The first specification with base models (1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The introduction of Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) as the most recent evolution of SCSI required redefining the related standard for enclosure management, called SCSI Enclosure Services. SES-2, or SCSI Enclosure Management 2 first revision, was introduced in 2002 and is now at revision 20.
SES-2 SCSI Enclosure Services (SES) permit the management and sense the state of power supplies, cooling devices, LED displays, indicators, individual drives, and other non-SCSI elements installed in an enclosure | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Small Form Factor Special Interest Group (SFF-SIG, pronounced ess-eff-eff-sig) is an international non-profit standards body focused on modular computer hardware technologies used in embedded and small form factor computers and controllers. Members are mainly computer board and component manufacturers. The group was founded in 2007 and had a web site until early 2020 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing, the System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) specification defines data structures (and access methods) that can be used to read management information produced by the BIOS of a computer. This eliminates the need for the operating system to probe hardware directly to discover what devices are present in the computer. The SMBIOS specification is produced by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF), a non-profit standards development organization | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing, the Blit was a programmable bitmap graphics terminal designed by Rob Pike and Bart Locanthi Jr. of Bell Labs in 1982.
History
The Blit programmable bitmap graphics terminal was designed by Rob Pike and Bart Locanthi Jr | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing and telecommunications, the capabilities of a terminal are various terminal features, above and beyond what is available from a pure teletypewriter, that host systems (and the programs that run on them) can make use of. They are (mainly) of control codes and escape codes that can be sent to or received from the terminal. The escape codes sent to the terminal perform various functions that a CRT terminal (and software terminal emulators) is capable of, but that a teletypewriter is not; such as moving the terminal's cursor to positions on the screen, clearing and scrolling all or parts of the screen, turning on and off attached printer devices, programming programmable function keys, changing display colours and attributes (such as reverse video), and setting display title strings | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Chip PC Technologies is a developer and manufacturer of thin client solutions and management software for server-based computing; where in a network architecture applications are deployed, managed and can be fully executed on the server.
History
Chip PC was founded in 2000 by Aviv Soffer and Ora Meir Soffer and raised its first round of financing from R. H | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The DECwriter series was a family of computer terminals from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). They were typically used in a fashion similar to a teletype, with a computer output being printed to paper and the user inputting information on the keyboard. In contrast to teletypes, the DECwriters were based on dot matrix printer technology, one of the first examples of such a system to be introduced | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Hazeltine 1500 was a popular smart terminal introduced by Hazeltine Corporation in April 1977 at a price of $1,125 (equivalent to $5,400 in 2022). Using a microprocessor and semiconductor random access memory, it implemented the basic features of the earlier Hazeltine 2000 in a much smaller and less expensive system, less than half the price. It came to market just as the microcomputer revolution was taking off, and the 1500 was very popular among early hobbyist users | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Informer Computer Terminals, Inc. , originally Informer, Inc. , and later Informer Computer Systems, Inc | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Linux console is a system console internal to the Linux kernel. A system console is the device which receives all kernel messages and warnings and which allows logins in single user mode. The Linux console provides a way for the kernel and other processes to send text output to the user, and to receive text input from the user | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A point-and-shoot interface is an efficient object-oriented, text-based interface, usually presented on a non-GUI platform such as DOS or mainframe computers.
In a point-and-shoot, many objects are displayed in a list, and to the left of each object is an input field. The operator interacts by moving the cursor to the desired object and marking it by typing a letter or number which represents a command or function | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A portable data terminal, or shortly PDT, is an electronic device that is used to enter or retrieve data via wireless transmission (WLAN or WWAN). They have also been called enterprise digital assistants (EDA), data capture mobile devices, batch terminals or just portables.
They can also serve as barcode readers, and they are used in large stores, warehouses, hospitals, or in the field, to access a database from a remote location | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The POSIX terminal interface is the generalized abstraction, comprising both an application programming interface for programs, and a set of behavioural expectations for users of a terminal, as defined by the POSIX standard and the Single Unix Specification. It is a historical development from the terminal interfaces of BSD version 4 and Seventh Edition Unix.
General underlying concepts
Hardware
A multiplicity of I/O devices are regarded as "terminals" in Unix systems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
RCA's VP 3000 Interactive Data Terminals were a family of portable computer terminals housed in compact keyboard-like cases, but notable for their use of a color-coded membrane keyboard. The systems supported color output to a television with 20 and 40 character-per-line modes, and an optional built-in modem. It was first advertised in September 1982 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
"Take me to your leader" is a science-fiction cartoon catchphrase, said by an extraterrestrial alien who has just landed on Earth in a spacecraft to the first human they happen to meet. In cartoons, the theme is frequently varied for comic effect, such as a pun on the phrase to suit the setting, or the alien addressing an animal or object they assume is an earthling.
It is believed to have originated in a 1953 cartoon by Alex Graham in The New Yorker magazine | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Xenu (), also called Xemu, is a figure in the Church of Scientology's secret "Advanced Technology", a sacred and esoteric teaching. According to the "Technology", Xenu was the extraterrestrial ruler of a "Galactic Confederacy" who brought billions of his people to Earth (then known as "Teegeeack") in DC-8-like spacecraft 75 million years ago, stacked them around volcanoes, and killed them with hydrogen bombs. Official Scientology scriptures hold that the thetans (immortal spirits) of these aliens adhere to humans, causing spiritual harm | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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