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The Callender-Hamilton bridge is a modular portable pre-fabricated truss bridge. It is primarily designed for use as permanent civil bridging as well as for emergency bridge replacement and for construction by military engineering units. Assembling a Callender-Hamilton bridge takes much longer than the more familiar Bailey bridge as it is made up of individual lengths of galvanised steel bolted together with galvanised high-strength steel bolts, all of which require torque settings
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A continuous truss bridge is a truss bridge which extends without hinges or joints across three or more supports. A continuous truss bridge may use less material than a series of simple trusses because a continuous truss distributes live loads across all the spans; in a series of simple trusses, each truss must be capable of supporting the entire load. Although some continuous truss bridges resemble cantilever bridges and may be constructed using cantilever techniques, there are important differences between the two forms
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A Howe truss is a truss bridge consisting of chords, verticals, and diagonals whose vertical members are in tension and whose diagonal members are in compression. The Howe truss was invented by William Howe in 1840, and was widely used as a bridge in the mid to late 1800s.
Development
The earliest bridges in North America were made of wood, which was abundant and cheaper than stone or masonry
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A king post (or king-post or kingpost) is a central vertical post used in architectural or bridge designs, working in tension to support a beam below from a truss apex above (whereas a crown post, though visually similar, supports items above from the beam below).
In aircraft design a strut called a king post acts in compression, similarly to an architectural crown post. Usage in mechanical plant and marine engineering differs again, as noted below
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A lattice truss bridge is a form of truss bridge that uses many small, closely spaced diagonal elements forming a lattice. The design was patented in 1820 by architect Ithiel Town.
Originally a means of erecting a substantial bridge from mere planks employing lower–skilled labor, rather than heavy timbers and more expensive carpenters and equipment, the lattice truss has also been constructed using many relatively light iron or steel members
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A truss is an assembly of members such as beams, connected by nodes, that creates a rigid structure. In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object". A "two-force member" is a structural component where force is applied to only two points
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A queen post is a tension member in a truss that can span longer openings than a king post truss. A king post uses one central supporting post, whereas the queen post truss uses two. Even though it is a tension member, rather than a compression member, they are commonly still called a post
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A tied-arch bridge is an arch bridge in which the outward horizontal forces of the arch(es) caused by tension at the arch ends to a foundation are countered by equal tension of its own gravity plus any element of the total deck structure such great arch(es) support. The arch(es) have strengthened chord(s) that run to a strong part of the deck structure or to independent tie-rods below the arch ends.
Description
Thrusts downwards on a tied-arch bridge deck are translated, as tension, by vertical ties between the deck and the arch, tending to flatten it and thereby to push its tips outward into the abutments, like for other arch bridges
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A truss arch bridge combines the elements of the truss bridge and the arch bridge. The actual resolution of forces will depend upon the bridge' design. If no horizontal thrusting forces are generated, this becomes an arch-shaped truss which is essentially a bent beam – see moon bridge for an example
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A Vierendeel bridge is a bridge employing a Vierendeel truss, named after Arthur Vierendeel.
Such trusses are made up of rectangular rather than triangular frames, as are common in bridges using pin–joints. Because of the lack of diagonal members, Vierendeel trusses employ moment joints to resist substantial bending forces
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The Fujifilm GFX 50R is a mirrorless medium format camera produced by Fujifilm. It shares its image sensor, processor and most of its components with the larger GFX 50S. The 50R is smaller and less expensive than the 50S and styled similarly to the Fujifilm X-E series
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The Fujifilm GFX100 is a mirrorless medium format camera produced by Fujifilm. It is the flagship model of the GFX Series of mirrorless digital cameras and the third camera with the Fujifilm G-mount. The camera comes in two versions, the regular GFX100 and the GFX100 IR
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The Fujifilm GFX100S is a mirrorless medium format camera produced by Fujifilm with Fujifilm G-mount. It is a smaller version of the 2019 GFX100 camera. The camera was announced by the corporation on January 27, 2021 at the X Summit Global 2021 together with the X-E4
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The Fujifilm G-mount is a type of interchangeable lens mount designed by Fujifilm for use in the cameras of their Fujifilm GFX series. These cameras have interchangeable lenses. The respective lenses are designed for 43
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The Fujifilm GFX series of digital cameras consists of Fujifilm's professional digital cameras aimed at professional photographers. It is part of the larger range of Fujifilm's digital cameras. As of 2023, all GFX cameras use 43
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The Fujifilm X-mount is a lens mount for Fujifilm interchangeable lens mirrorless cameras in its X-series, designed for 23. 6mm x 15. 6mm APS-C sensors
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The Fujifilm X-A2 is a rangefinder-styled digital mirrorless camera announced by Fujifilm on January 15, 2015, and released in the UK on March 1, 2015.
Features
The Fujifilm X-A2 is the first X-mount camera with a 175° LCD screen. It is aimed at the growing selfie market, with new face detection and eye detection autofocus modes, for sharper results when taking Self portraits
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The Fujifilm X-A3 is a rangefinder-styled digital mirrorless camera announced by Fujifilm on August 25, 2016. Sales began on November 10, 2016.
Features
The Fujifilm X-A3 is the first X-mount camera with a 180° LCD screen with touch-focus & touch-shooting
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The Fujifilm X-A5 is a rangefinder-styled digital mirrorless interchangeable lens camera (MILC) announced by Fujifilm, sale begun on 2018 February 15.
The X-A7 succeeds the X-A5. The new camera was announced on September 12, 2019
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The Fujifilm X-A7 is an entry-level rangefinder-styled digital mirrorless camera announced by Fujifilm on September 12, 2019. The camera was available with a 15-45mm lens starting October 24, 2019. The X-A7 is the latest release of the series
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The Fujifilm X-E1 is a digital rangefinder-style mirrorless camera announced by Fujifilm on September 6, 2012. It is the second camera announced for Fujifilm's X-system, after the Fujifilm X-Pro1.
The X-E1 is a slimmed-down version of X-Pro1
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The Fujifilm X-H1 is a larger mirrorless interchangeable-lens digital camera announced on February 15, 2018, by Fujifilm. It has a backside-illuminated X-Trans CMOS III APS-C sensor and an X-Processor III processor that uses the Fujifilm X-mount. The X-H1 is a weather-resistant camera with an in-body image stabilization capable of recording 4K videos up to 30 fps with a color gamut at a bitrate of 200Mbit/s
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The Fujifilm X-Pro1 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens digital camera announced in January 2012 and launched in March 2012. It is part of Fujifilm's X-Series of cameras. In October 2012 Fujifilm released a very similar, yet smaller, camera named the X-E1
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The Fujifilm X-Pro2 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens digital camera announced in January 2016. It is part of Fujifilm's X-Series of cameras, the successor to the X-Pro1. Sales began on 3 March 2016
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The Fujifilm X-Pro3 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens digital camera announced on October 23, 2019. It is part of Fujifilm's X-Series of cameras, the successor to the X-Pro2. Sales began on November 28, 2019
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The Fujifilm X-S10 is a mid-range mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera announced on October 15, 2020. It has a backside-illuminated X-Trans CMOS 4 APS-C sensor, an X-Processor 4 quad core processor, In-Body Image Stabilization(IBIS) and uses the Fujifilm X-mount. The X-S10 is proposed as a hybrid camera aimed at still photographers, video shooters and vloggers, given its vlogger friendly features
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The Fujifilm X-S20 is a mid-range mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera announced on 2023 May 24. A "Vlog" position has been added to the mode dial, and it is positioned as an all-in-one camera that can handle both stills and movies. The fan unit "FAN-001", which is useful for movie shooting, can be attached where the vari-angle monitor is opened
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The Fujifilm X-T1 is a weather-resistant mirrorless interchangeable lens camera announced by Fujifilm on January 28, 2014. It uses the Fujifilm X-mount and is the first entry in the X-T lineage of DSLR-styled X series cameras.
The X-T2 was announced as the successor to the X-T1 on July 7, 2016
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The Fujifilm X-T2 is a DSLR-style weather-resistant mirrorless camera announced by Fujifilm on July 7, 2016. It uses the Fujifilm X-mount and is a successor to the Fujifilm X-T1. Sales of the camera began on September 8, 2016
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The Fujifilm X-T3 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens digital camera announced on September 6, 2018. It is weather-resistant, has a backside-illuminated X-Trans CMOS 4 APS-C sensor and an X-Processor 4 quad core processor. It is the successor to 2016's Fujifilm X-T2
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The Fujifilm X-T4 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens digital camera announced on February 25, 2020. It has a backside-illuminated X-Trans CMOS 4 APS-C sensor and an X-Processor 4 quad core processor and uses the Fujifilm X-mount. The X-T4 is a weather-resistant camera equipped with a higher-capacity battery designed to last longer than the X-T3
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The Fujifilm X-T5 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens digital camera announced on November 2, 2022. It is the successor to 2020's X-T4 with improved autofocus, higher resolution and reduced body size. The 40
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The Fujifilm X-T10 is a digital interchangeable-lens camera announced by Fujifilm on May 18, 2015. It is a smaller, lighter and lower priced alternative to the Fujifilm X-T1, Fujifilm's flagship camera. The camera was made available in an all black colour scheme, in addition to a silver and black colour scheme
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The Fujifilm X-T20 is a mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera announced by Fujifilm on January 19, 2017. The X-T20 is a successor to the X-T10, which was released in 2015, with a number of iterative refinements and enhancements over it.
The X-T30 succeeds the X-T20
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Socrates Jones: Pro Philosopher is an educational point-and-click browser game and visual novel that was developed by a group of students and faculty at Carnegie Mellon University and released on Kongregate, with a later rerelease on Steam. The eponymous player character Socrates Jones debates historical philosophers to unravel the nature of morality. The game was inspired by Ace Attorney, from which it borrows a number of core mechanics
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SODA Off-Road Racing is an off-road racing simulation released for both DOS and Windows PCs. The game was based on the SODA series but featured only fantasy vehicles and tracks. The game was developed by Software Allies, a collaboration of companies that included Papyrus
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SolForge was a free-to-play digital collectible card game by Stone Blade Entertainment. The design team included Magic: The Gathering designer Richard Garfield and Pro Tour hall of famer Brian Kibler. The game was released in May 2016 following three years in early access
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Solium Infernum is a turn-based strategy computer game for Windows from independent game developer Cryptic Comet, creator of Armageddon Empires, and was released on November 26, 2009.
Gameplay
Players control an archfiend who is trying to secure the throne of Hell, staving off up to five rivals in the process. The game's artificial intelligence makes up the numbers if not enough players are available to control each archfiend
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Sonic Adventure is a 1998 platform game developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Dreamcast. It was the first main Sonic the Hedgehog game to feature 3D gameplay. It follows Sonic the Hedgehog, Miles "Tails" Prower, Knuckles the Echidna, Amy Rose, Big the Cat, and E-102 Gamma in their quests to collect the Chaos Emeralds and stop Doctor Robotnik from unleashing Chaos, an ancient evil
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Sonic Adventure 2 is a 2001 platform game developed by Sonic Team USA and published by Sega for the Dreamcast. It features two good-vs-evil stories: Sonic the Hedgehog, Tails, and Knuckles the Echidna attempt to save the world, while Shadow the Hedgehog, Doctor Eggman, and Rouge the Bat attempt to conquer it. The stories are divided into three gameplay styles: fast-paced platforming for Sonic and Shadow, multidirectional shooting for Tails and Eggman, and action-adventure exploration for Knuckles and Rouge
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Sonic & Knuckles is a 1994 platform game developed and published by Sega. Players control Sonic the Hedgehog and Knuckles the Echidna in their quests to save Angel Island; Sonic tries to stop Doctor Robotnik from re-launching his orbital weapon, the Death Egg, while Knuckles scuffles with Robotnik's minion, EggRobo. Like previous Sonic games, players traverse side-scrolling levels at high speeds while collecting rings and defeating enemies
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Sonic Colors (known as Sonic Colours in the PAL region) is a 2010 platform game published by Sega. It follows Sonic's quest to stop his nemesis Doctor Eggman from enslaving an alien race and taking over the world. The gameplay is similar to prior Sonic games, with players collecting rings and defeating enemies; the camera perspective often switches from third-person to side-scrolling perspectives
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Sonic Dreams Collection is a 2015 art game developed by Arcane Kids for OS X and Windows. It is an unofficial game based on Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog franchise that compiles four minigames presented as unfinished Sonic games, but the game as a whole later reveals itself to be a psychological horror game satirizing the modern Sonic fandom, which is known for its peculiarities. They include the character creator Make My Sonic, the massively multiplayer online role-playing game Eggman Origin, the adventure game Sonic Movie Maker, and the virtual reality (VR) game My Roommate Sonic
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Sonic Forces is a 2017 platform game developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega. It was produced in commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise. Sonic the Hedgehog joins a resistance force alongside Classic Sonic, his past self, and the Rookie, a survivor of Eggman's attacks
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Sonic Frontiers is a 2022 platform game developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega. As Sonic, the player explores the Starfall Islands to collect the Chaos Emeralds, after Sonic and his friends are separated when falling through a wormhole. Frontiers integrates traditional Sonic the Hedgehog elements—such as platforming, rings, and grind rails—into the series' first open world
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Sonic Gems Collection is a 2005 compilation of Sega video games, primarily those in the Sonic the Hedgehog series. The emulated games span multiple genres and consoles—from the Sega Genesis to the Sega Saturn—and retain the features and errors of their initial releases with minimal edits. Player progress is rewarded with demos of other Sonic games, videos, and promotional artwork spanning the history of the Sonic franchise
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Sonic R is a 1997 racing game developed by Traveller's Tales and Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Saturn. It is the third racing game in the Sonic the Hedgehog series, and the first to feature 3D computer graphics. The player races one of ten Sonic characters in various Sonic-themed race tracks as they attempt to stop Doctor Robotnik from stealing the Chaos Emeralds and enslaving the world
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Sonic the Hedgehog 3 is a 1994 platform game developed and published by Sega for the Genesis. Like previous Sonic games, players traverse side-scrolling levels while collecting rings and defeating enemies. They control Sonic and Tails, who attempt to retrieve the Chaos Emeralds to stop the evil Doctor Robotnik from relaunching his space station, the Death Egg, after it crash-lands on a mysterious floating island
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Sonic the Hedgehog 4: Episode I is a 2010 platform game developed by Dimps, with assistance from Sonic Team, and published by Sega. It is a sequel to Sonic & Knuckles (1994), following Sonic as he sets out to stop a returning Doctor Eggman. Like the Sonic the Hedgehog games released for the Sega Genesis, Episode I features side-scrolling gameplay, with movement restricted to a 2D plane
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Sonic the Hedgehog CD is a 1993 platform game developed by Sega for the Sega CD. As Sonic the Hedgehog, the player attempts to protect an extraterrestrial body, Little Planet, from Doctor Robotnik. Like other Sonic games, Sonic runs through themed levels while collecting rings and defeating robots
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Sorcerian is a 1987 action role-playing game developed by Nihon Falcom as the fifth installment in the Dragon Slayer line of games. Originally released for the PC-8801 Personal Computer, it has since been released on a wide variety of platforms.
Gameplay
Sorcerian is a side-scrolling action-RPG
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Soul of the Ultimate Nation (often abbreviated as S. U. N
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Soulbringer is a fantasy RPG developed by Gremlin Interactive and published by Interplay Entertainment and Infogrames in 2000. It was later packed and shipped in combination with Interplay's Planescape: Torment.
Plot
It starts off with the story of a young man arriving in a town called Madrigal to find his uncle Andrus, who is the man's only remaining family member after his father died
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Soulcalibur VI is a 2018 fighting game developed by Bandai Namco Studios and Dimps and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for the PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One. It is the seventh main installment in the Soulcalibur series.
Gameplay
Following the tradition of prior installments of the Soulcalibur series, Soulcalibur VI's gameplay involves two weapons-wielding combatants battling against one another using a 3D system
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SoulTrap is an action-adventure videogame released in November 26, 1996 for the Windows 95 platform. The plot centres on Malcolm West, an executive director who has suffered nightmares since childhood. The nightmares have now come back even worse and the only way to defeat his phobias is to fight his way through obstacles and mazes defeating various enemies to win back his soul
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The Ontario minister’s zoning orders controversy refers to an ongoing controversy of the government of Ontario's use of minister’s zoning orders (MZOs), which allows it to override municipal council decisions on development. Both the frequency of their use and the way in which the government has used them has come under criticism.
Minister’s Zoning Orders
Under the Planning Act, the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing has the authority to issue a minister’s zoning order (MZO) over any property in the province, determining the development plan for that property even if it overrules a municipal zoning bylaw
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An open space reserve (also called open space preserve, open space reservation, and green space) is an area of protected or conserved land or water on which development is indefinitely set aside.
The purpose of an open space reserve may include the preservation or conservation of a community or region's rural natural or historic character; the conservation or preservation of a land or water area for the sake of recreational, ecological, environmental, aesthetic, or agricultural interests; or the management of a community or region's growth in terms of development, industry, or natural resources extraction. Open space reserves may be urban, suburban, or rural; they may be actual designated areas of land or water, or they may be zoning districts or overlays where development is limited or controlled to create undeveloped areas of land or water within a community or region
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In public policy a polycentric network is a group of distinct local, regional, or national entities that work co-operatively towards a common goal. Proponents claim that such networks can better adapt to changing issues collectively than individually, thus providing network participants better results from relevant efforts.
Urban contexts
Robert Kloosterman and Bart Lambregts define polycentric urban regions as collections of historically distinct jurisdictions that are administratively and politically independent
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In land use, a setback is the minimum distance which a building or other structure must be set back from a street or road, a river or other stream, a shore or flood plain, or any other place which is deemed to need protection. Depending on the jurisdiction, other things like fences, landscaping, septic tanks, and various potential hazards or nuisances might be regulated and prohibited by setback lines. Setbacks along state, provincial, or federal highways may also be set in the laws of the state or province, or the federal government
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A special-use permit authorizes land uses that are allowed and encouraged by the ordinance and declared harmonious with the applicable zoning district.
Purpose
Land use is governed by a set of regulations generally known as ordinances or municipal codes, which are authorized by the state's zoning enabling law. Within an ordinance is a list of land use designations commonly known as zoning
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Spot zoning is the application of zoning to a specific parcel or parcels of land within a larger zoned area when the rezoning is usually at odds with a city's master plan and current zoning restrictions. Spot zoning may be ruled invalid as an "arbitrary, capricious and unreasonable treatment" of a limited parcel of land by a local zoning ordinance. While zoning regulates the land use in whole districts, spot zoning makes unjustified exceptions for a parcel or parcels within a district
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In land-use planning, urban green space is open-space areas reserved for parks and other "green spaces", including plant life, water features - also referred to as blue spaces - and other kinds of natural environment. Most urban open spaces are green spaces, but occasionally include other kinds of open areas. The landscape of urban open spaces can range from playing fields to highly maintained environments to relatively natural landscapes
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A Crime concentration is a spatial area to which high levels of crime incidents are attributed. A crime concentration can be the result of homogeneous or heterogeneous crime incidents. Hotspots are the result of various crimes occurring in relative proximity to each other within predefined human geopolitical or social boundaries
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The Dialogue-Assisted Visual Environment for Geoinformation (DAVE_G) is an interface to the GIS system that allows people to use gestures and voice commands to retrieve maps. It is being developed by researchers from Pennsylvania State University. The interface is still in its prototype stage but the first generation of the software can already zoom into an area requested by the user, as well as display information about local landmarks, hospitals, emergency shelters, and flooded areas
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Dragon is a remote sensing image processing software package. This software provides capabilities for displaying, analyzing, and interpreting digital images from earth satellites and raster data files that represent spatially distributed data. All the Dragon packages are derived from the code created by Goldin-Rudahl
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The Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system is an application framework for knowledge-based decision support of ecological analysis and planning at any geographic scale.
EMDS integrates state-of-the-art geographic information system (GIS) as well as logic programming and decision modeling technologies on multiple platforms (Windows, Linux, Mac OS X) to provide decision support for a substantial portion of the adaptive management process of ecosystem management.
EMDS has used Criterium DecisionPlus from InfoHarvest, Inc
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Garmin BaseCamp is a map viewing / GIS software package primarily intended for use with Garmin GPS navigation devices.
Features
View map and satellite imagery and transfer it to the GPS device.
Plan trips by entering routes and waypoints and transferring them to the device
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Hexagon Geospatial's (a division of Intergraph Corporation) GeoMedia Professional is a geographic information system (GIS) management solution for map generation and the analysis of geographic information with smart tools that capture and edit spatial data. GeoMedia is used for: creating geographic data; managing geospatial databases; joining business data, location intelligence and geographic data together; creating hard and soft-copy maps; conduct analysis in 'real-time'; base platform for multiple applications, geographic data validation, publishing geospatial information and analyzing mapped information.
The GeoMedia family consists of 17 applications tailored for regional and local government, national and federal government, military and intelligence, utilities, communications, photogrammetry and transportation markets
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GeoMod is a raster-based land change modeling tool in the GIS software TerrSet that simulates the gain or the loss of a land category over a specified time interval. The model only simulates the spatial allocation of change between two land categories either forwards or backwards in time.
Simulation inputs
GeoMod simulates land change based on a combination of several input requirements
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GeoSTAC is a set of spatial data and tools accessed through a Geographic Information System.
The databases currently contain about 55 GB of data and there are three specialised spatial analysis tools currently available.
GeoSTAC concentrates on agricultural and environmental GIS issues
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GeoTime is geospatial analysis software that allows the visual analysis of events over time. It adds time as the third dimension to a two-dimensional map (which can include 3D projection of terrain elevation geodata or any abstract diagrammatic space), allowing users to see changes within time series data. Users can view real-time animated playback of data and use automated analysis tools within the software to identify location patterns, connections between events, and trends
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GIS Live DVD is a type of the thematic Live CD containing GIS/RS applications and related tutorials, and sample data sets. The general sense of a GIS Live DVD is to demonstrate the power of FLOSS GIS and encourage users to start on FLOSS GIS. However, a disc can be used for GIS data processing and training, too
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Green Kenue (formerly EnSim Hydrologic) is an advanced data preparation, analysis, and visualization tool for hydrologic modellers. It is a Windows/OpenGL-based graphical user interface, integrating environmental databases and geo-spatial data with model input and results data. Green Kenue provides complete pre- and post-processing for the WATFLOOD and HBV-EC hydrologic models
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LADSS, or land allocation decision support system, is an agricultural land-use planning tool developed at The Macaulay Institute. More recently the term LADSS is used to refer to the research of the team behind the original planning tool.
Overview of research
The focus of the research of the LADSS team has evolved over time from land use decision support towards policy support, climate change and the concepts of resilience and adaptive capacity
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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LandSerf is a free geographic information system for editing, processing and visualizing spatial data. It is particularly suited to handling Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and other surface models. It is written in Java and runs on Windows, Mac OS and Linux platforms
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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MapInfo Pro is a desktop geographic information system (GIS) software product produced by Precisely (formerly: Pitney Bowes Software and MapInfo Corporation) and used for mapping and location analysis. MapInfo Pro allows users to visualize, analyze, edit, interpret, understand and output data to reveal relationships, patterns, and trends. MapInfo Pro allows users to explore spatial data within a dataset, symbolize features, and create maps
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Maptitude is a mapping software program created by Caliper Corporation that allows users to view, edit and integrate maps. The software and technology are designed to facilitate the geographical visualization and analysis of either included data or custom external data. The primary user type is business development professionals
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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ODK is an open-source mobile data collection platform. It enables users to fill out forms offline and send form data to a server when a connection is found. Once on the server, the data can be viewed, downloaded, and acted upon
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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PurVIEW is an integrated image display and viewing plug-in software package that incorporates stereoscopic viewing technology for ESRI ArcGIS 9 (or later version). Essentially, PurVIEW is a photogrammetry-based data capture workstation that extend the ArcGIS environment. It converts Arc- desktops into precise stereo-viewing windows for geo-referenced aerial or space-borne imagery
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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RemoteView is the family name of a group of software programs designed by Textron Systems Geospatial Solutions to aid in analyzing satellite or aerial images of the Earth's surface for the purpose of collecting and disseminating geospatial intelligence. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) was a user of RemoteView software.
Overview
RemoteView is an electronic light table application, initially developed and released commercially by Sensor Systems in 1996
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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RoboGEO is a geocoding software program which synchronizes a Global Positioning System tracklog with a collection of time-coded pictures. A demo is available for download on the Internet. The demo intentionally adds errors of around a kilometer into the data
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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SIMDIS is a software toolset developed by Code 5770 at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The software provides 2D and 3D interactive graphical and video displays of live and postprocessed simulation, test, and operational data. SIMDIS is a portmanteau of simulation and display
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Site Recorder is a geographical information system (GIS) and information management system (IMS) designed for use in maritime, freshwater and intertidal archaeology. Site Recorder can be used on maritime and intertidal archaeology projects for real-time data collection, decision support, publication, archiving and data migration. The program is designed for use by archaeologists rather than GIS experts
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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A spatial join is an operation in a geographic information system (GIS) or spatial database that combines the attribute tables of two spatial layers based on a desired spatial relation between their geometries. It is similar to the table join operation in relational databases in merging two tables, but each pair of rows is correlated based on some form of matching location rather than a common key value. It is also similar to vector overlay operations common in GIS software such as Intersect and Union in merging two spatial datasets, but the output does not contain a composite geometry, only merged attributes
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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TimeMap Java is an open-source web mapping application, which was one of the first such applications to introduce generic time filtering and map animation on the web. TMJava is a comprehensive Java mapping applet which can run as a standalone application with local data, on a web site or as a two tier application with a backend server and independent metadata clearinghouse, supporting distributed data sources.
TimeMap developed out of work on mapping historical and archaeological data, starting with animated maps in 1995, a Windows mapping tool in 1997, and TMJava from 2001
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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twiGIS is a web-based geographical information system software, developed by Arkance Systems (former CAD Studio, part of the European group Arkance). Compatible with standard GIS and mapping technologies, like QGIS, PostGIS, AutoCAD Map 3D, What3words and ESRI, twiGIS uses a responsive user-centric web tool for publishing and managing wide range of geographic and infrastructure data as well as CAD and BIM data for utility networks and for maintenance management and facility management (CAFM) applications. You can use any type of mapping data, such as high resolution aerial images, open web maps, vector maps, CAD drawings, BIM models (e
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Vector overlay is an operation (or class of operations) in a geographic information system (GIS) for integrating two or more vector spatial data sets. Terms such as polygon overlay, map overlay, and topological overlay are often used synonymously, although they are not identical in the range of operations they include. Overlay has been one of the core elements of spatial analysis in GIS since its early development
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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A Web Map Service (WMS) is a standard protocol developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium in 1999 for serving georeferenced map images over the Internet. These images are typically produced by a map server from data provided by a GIS database.
History
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) became involved in developing standards for web mapping after a paper was published in 1997 by Allan Doyle, outlining a "WWW Mapping Framework"
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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A Web Map Tile Service (WMTS) is a standard protocol for serving pre-rendered or run-time computed georeferenced map tiles over the Internet. The specification was developed and first published by the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2010.
History
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) became involved in developing standards for web mapping after a paper was published in 1997 by Allan Doyle, outlining a "WWW Mapping Framework"
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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The OGC Web Processing Service (WPS) Interface Standard provides rules for standardizing inputs and outputs (requests and responses) for invoking geospatial processing services, such as polygon overlay, as a web service. The WPS standard defines how a client can request the execution of a process, and how the output from the process is handled. It defines an interface that facilitates the publishing of geospatial processes and clients’ discovery of and binding to those processes
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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WorldMap is a web platform for creating, displaying, analyzing, and searching spatial data and other data forms across multiple disciplines.
WorldMap is a collaboratively edited, multilingual, free internet mapping electronic media site open to everyone that is housed at the Center for Geographic Analysis at Harvard University and accessible at the WorldMap website makes it possible for those who are not experts in GIS and web mapping to explore, visualize, and share their research materials in a GIS spatial framework, enhancing their ability to conduct academic research, community service projects, and instructional activities. The WorldMap site allows users to add their own map layers and data sets, symbolize them, edit them, add overlays, add multimedia content (images, video, text), control access, and share or publish them
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Xplanet is a renderer for planetary and Solar System images, capable of producing various types of graphics depicting the Solar System. It is normally used to create computer wallpapers, which may be updated with the latest cloud maps or the regions of Earth which are in sunlight. Xplanet is free software released under the GNU GPL
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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A historical geographic information system (also written as historical GIS or HGIS) is a geographic information system that may display, store and analyze data of past geographies and track changes in time. It can be regarded as a tool for historical geography.
Techniques used in HGIS
Digitization and georeferencing of historical maps: Old maps may contain valuable information about the past
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) is a digital humanities initiative involving numerous academic professors and institutions around the world with the stated goal of creating a networked digital atlas by creating tools and setting standards for dynamic, digital maps.
ECAI was established in 1997 by Emeritus Prof. Lewis Lancaster of the University of California, Berkeley, and has held two meetings per year most years from 1998 - 2009 (ongoing), one of which is often in conjunction with the Pacific Neighbourhood Consortium
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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GIS or Geographic Information Systems has been an important tool in archaeology since the early 1990s. Indeed, archaeologists were early adopters, users, and developers of GIS and GIScience, Geographic Information Science. The combination of GIS and archaeology has been considered a perfect match, since archaeology often involves the study of the spatial dimension of human behavior over time, and all archaeology carries a spatial component
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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HistoAtlas is a free collection of historic geographic information of the human culture all over the world. This is achieved as a time enabled geographic information system (GIS) on the web. All information can be used and edited freely and is intended to be a resource for education, archaeologists, historians and others
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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In cartography and geographic information systems, rubbersheeting is a form of coordinate transformation that warps a vector dataset to match a known geographic space. This is most commonly needed when a dataset has systematic positional error, such as one digitized from a historical map of low accuracy. The mathematics and procedure are very similar to the georeferencing of raster images, and this term is occasionally used for that process as well, but image georegistration is an unambiguous term for the raster process
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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The Arizona Geographic Information Council (AGIC) was established by executive order as Arizona's primary forum and oversight group for coordination efforts related to geographic information systems (GIS). AGIC identifies standards and implementation strategies to provide a framework for optimizing Arizona's investment in GIS. Through cooperation and partnerships, AGIC facilitates the acquisition, exchange and management of geospatial data and technology to benefit State agencies and the Arizona GIS community
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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The Center for Urban and Regional Analysis (CURA) is an interdisciplinary research organization of Ohio State University. CURA's mission is to serve as a bridge across academia, industry, and the policy sector by providing spatial analysis of economic, social, environmental, and health issues in urban and regional settings in Ohio and beyond. The organization explores various social, political, economic, geographic, economic, and public health issues using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other spatial analysis techniques
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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Launched in 2000, Esri's Education User Conference (EdUC), is organized and hosted by Esri's Educational Programs Team the weekend before the annual Esri International User Conference (Esri UC). Held in San Diego, California, during the month of July, the mission of the EdUC is to support and promote the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in educational research, instruction, administration, and policy.
Over the years, it has grown into a sizable and popular event for those involved in using and teaching GIS in the greater educational community
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem
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