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Variable-data publishing (VDP) (also known as database publishing) is a term referring to the output of a variable composition system. While these systems can produce both electronically viewable and hard-copy (print) output, the "variable-data publishing" term today often distinguishes output destined for electronic viewing, rather than that which is destined for hard-copy print (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Wf-XML is a BPM standard developed by the Workflow Management Coalition.
Wf-XML is designed and implemented as an extension to the OASIS Asynchronous Service Access Protocol (ASAP). ASAP provides a standardized way that a program can start and monitor a program that might take a long time to complete | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A workflow engine is a software application that manages business processes. It is a key component in workflow technology and typically makes use of a database server.
A workflow engine manages and monitors the state of activities in a workflow, such as the processing and approval of a loan application form, and determines which new activity to transition to according to defined processes (workflows) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A workflow management system (WfMS or WFMS) provides an infrastructure for the set-up, performance and monitoring of a defined sequence of tasks, arranged as a workflow application.
International standards
There are several international standards-setting bodies in the field of workflow management:
Workflow Management Coalition
World Wide Web Consortium
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards
WS-BPEL 2. 0 (integration-centric) and WS-BPEL4People (human task-centric) published by OASIS Standards Body | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A workflow pattern is a specialized form of design pattern as defined in the area of software engineering or business process engineering. Workflow patterns refer specifically to recurrent problems and proven solutions related to the development of workflow applications in particular, and more broadly, process-oriented applications.
Concept
Workflow patterns are concepts of economised development | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The XML Process Definition Language (XPDL) is a format standardized by the Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC) to interchange business process definitions between different workflow products, i. e. between different modeling tools and management suites | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM) is designed to enable the management and distribution of Aeronautical Information Services (AIS) data in digital format. AIXM is based on Geography Markup Language (GML) and is one of the GML Application Schemas which is applicable for the Aeronautical domain. It was developed by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the US National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AutomationML (Automation Markup Language) is a neutral data format based on XML for the storage and exchange of plant engineering information, which is provided as an open standard. The goal of AutomationML is to interconnect the heterogeneous tool landscape of modern engineering tools in their different disciplines, e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CAEX (Computer Aided Engineering Exchange) is a neutral data format that allows storage of hierarchical object information, e. g. the hierarchical architecture of a plant | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) is a standards developing organization (SDO) dealing with medical research data linked with healthcare, to "enable information system interoperability to improve medical research and related areas of healthcare". The standards support medical research from protocol through analysis and reporting of results and have been shown to decrease resources needed by 60% overall and 70–90% in the start-up stages when they are implemented at the beginning of the research process. CDISC standards are harmonized through a model that is also a HL7 standard and is the process to becoming an ISO/CEN standard | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) is an XML-based markup standard intended to specify the encoding, structure and semantics of clinical documents for exchange. In November 2000, HL7 published Release 1. 0 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Continuity of Care Document (CCD) specification is an XML-based markup standard intended to specify the encoding, structure, and semantics of a patient summary clinical document for exchange.
Structure
The CCD specification is a constraint on the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) standard. The CDA specifies that the content of the document consists of a mandatory textual part (which ensures human interpretation of the document contents) and optional structured parts (for software processing) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
GeoSciML or Geoscience Markup Language is a GML Application Schema that can be used to transfer information about geology, with an emphasis on the "interpreted geology" that is conventionally portrayed on geologic maps. Its feature-type catalogue includes Geologic Unit, Mapped Feature, Earth Material, Geologic Structure, and specializations of these, as well as Borehole and other observational artefacts. It was created by, and is governed by, the Commission for the Management and Application of Geoscience Information (CGI) to support interoperability of information served from Geologic Surveys and other data custodians | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Global Justice XML Data Model (GJXDM or Global JXDM) is a data reference model for the exchange of information within the justice and public safety communities. The Global JXDM is a product of the Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative's (Global) Infrastructure and Standards Working Group (ISWG), and was developed by the Global ISWG's XML Structure Task Force (XSTF).
The Global JXDM is a comprehensive product that includes a data model, a data dictionary, and an XML schema that together is known as the Global JXDM | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Internet Open Trading Protocol (IOTP) is a system-independent protocol that provides an interoperable and standardized payment framework for electronic commerce, which tries to replicate real-world trading processes as closely as possible. IOTP systems can include a variety of different payment systems including digital cash, electronic checks, and debit cards. Various payment transaction data are encapsulated within specific IOTP messages (customer, merchant, credit checker, certifier, bank and delivery handler) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Legal Electronic Data Exchange Standard is a set of file format specifications intended to facilitate electronic data transmission in the legal industry. The phrase is abbreviated LEDES and is usually pronounced as "leeds". The LEDES specifications are maintained by the LEDES Oversight Committee (LOC), which started informally as an industry-wide project led by the Law Firm and Law Department Services Group within PricewaterhouseCoopers in 1995 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MTConnect is a manufacturing technical standard to retrieve process information from numerically controlled machine tools. As explained by a member of the team that developed it, "This standard specifies the open-source, royalty-free communications protocol based on XML and HTTP Internet technology for real-time data sharing between shopfloor equipment such as machine tools and computer systems. MTConnect provides a common vocabulary with standardized definitions for the meaning of data that machine tools generate, making the data interpretable by software applications | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MusicXML is an XML-based file format for representing Western musical notation. The format is open, fully documented, and can be freely used under the W3C Community Final Specification Agreement.
History
MusicXML was invented by Michael Good and initially developed by Recordare LLC | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ONIX (online Information exchange) currently refers to any of three XML standard metadata formats developed by EDItEUR for use primarily within the book trade. ONIX was originally a single standard for capturing and communicating bibliographic data relating to books. That standard is now referred to as ONIX for Books and has been expanded to include better support for eBooks | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ONIX for Books is an XML format for sharing bibliographic data pertaining to both traditional books and eBooks. It is the oldest of the three ONIX standards, and is widely implemented in the book trade in North America, Europe and increasingly in the Asia-Pacific region. It allows book and ebook publishers to create and manage a corpus of rich metadata about their products, and to exchange it with their customers (distributors and retailers) in a coherent, unambiguous, and largely automated manner | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Open eXchange Data Format, or OpenXDF, is an open, XML-based standard for the digital storage and exchange of time-series physiological signals and metadata. OpenXDF primarily focuses on electroencephalography and polysomnography.
History
Neurotronics began work on OpenXDF in 2003 with the goal of providing a modern, open, and extensible file format with which clinicians and researchers can share physiological data and metadata, such as signal data, signal montages, patient demographics, and event logs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
PRODML is a family of XML and Web Services based upstream oil and natural gas industry standards from Energistics and its PRODML Special Interest Group (PRODML SIG).
PRODML Standards support automated production data acquisition, operations monitoring, optimization, reporting, and configuration management business processes. PRODML-based interactions are used by production software components, including field data historians, surveillance applications, model analysis and management applications, optimization applications, simulation applications, etc | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Quake Markup Language (QuakeML) is a flexible, extensible and modular XML representation of seismological data (e. g. epicenter, hypocenter, magnitude) which is intended to cover a broad range of fields of application in modern seismology | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a representation format, based on XML, for communicating and storing computational models of biological processes. It is a free and open standard with widespread software support and a community of users and developers. SBML can represent many different classes of biological phenomena, including metabolic networks, cell signaling pathways, regulatory networks, infectious diseases, and many others | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Structured Product Labeling (SPL) is a Health Level Seven International (HL7) standard which defines the content of human prescription drug labeling in an XML format. The "drug labeling" includes all published material accompanying a drug, such as the Prescribing Information which contains a great deal of detailed information about the drug. As of Release 4 of the SPL standard, 22,000 FDA informational product inserts have been encoded according to the standard | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Trade Mark Extensible Markup Language (TM-XML) is an XML open standard for the trademark business and for the exchange of trademark information between the Industrial Property Offices and its partners or users.
Objectives
The initial objective was the definition of XML Standard for trademark information exchange. During the specifications and after the creation of WIPO Standard ST | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Translation Memory eXchange (TMX) is an XML specification for the exchange of translation memory (TM) data between computer-aided translation and localization tools with little or no loss of critical data.
TMX was originally developed and maintained by OSCAR (Open Standards for Container/Content Allowing Re-use), a special interest group of LISA (Localization Industry Standards Association), and first released in 1997. Specification 1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
VOEvent is a standardized language used to report observations of astronomical events; it was officially adopted in 2006 by the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). Though most VOEvent messages currently issued are related to supernovae, gravitational microlensing, and gamma-ray bursts, they are intended to be general enough to describe all types of observations of astronomical events, including gravitational wave events. Messages are written in XML, providing a structured metadata description of both the observations and the inferences derived from those observations | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
WITSML is a standard for transmitting technical data between organisations in the petroleum industry. It continues to be developed by an Energistics facilitated Special Interest Group to develop XML standards for drilling, completions, and interventions data exchange. Organizations for which WITSML is targeted include energy companies, service companies, drilling contractors, application vendors and regulatory agencies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Active Agenda is an open source risk management tool.
Active Agenda is designed to support operational risk management (ORM) in organizations and is optimized for high reliability organizations. It is a browser-based multi-user enabled software | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AME Accounting Software is a business accounting software application developed by AME Software Products, Inc. AME Accounting Software includes Payroll, General Ledger, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, 1099 Vendor Management, MICR check printing, and Direct Deposit. The software is mostly used by small and medium-size businesses, as well as accounting practices that process payroll and do bookkeeping for other businesses | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Analytic applications are a type of business application software, used to measure and improve the performance of business operations. More specifically, analytic applications are a type of business intelligence. As such they use collections of historical data about business operations to provide business users with information and tools that allow them to make improvements in business functions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Apache Camel is an open source framework for message-oriented middleware with a rule-based routing and mediation engine that provides a Java object-based implementation of the Enterprise Integration Patterns using an application programming interface (or declarative Java domain-specific language) to configure routing and mediation rules. The domain-specific language means that Apache Camel can support type-safe smart completion of routing rules in an integrated development environment using regular Java code without large amounts of XML configuration files, though XML configuration inside Spring Framework is also supported.
Camel is often used with Apache ServiceMix, Apache ActiveMQ and Apache CXF in service-oriented architecture projects | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Apache Qpid is an open-source messaging system which implements the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP). It provides transaction management, queuing, distribution, security, management, clustering, federation and heterogeneous multi-platform support. The Apache Qpid API supports multiple programming languages and comes with both C++ (for Perl, Python, Ruby, | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Apatar is an open source ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) and data integration software application.
History
Apatar open source project was founded in 2005. The first version of the tool was released under the GPLv2 license at www | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AREMOS is a data management and econometrics software package released by Global Insight. It was most popular in the late 1980s and 1990s, when it was used by leading economists. Developed as a DOS application by Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates - WEFA now IHS Markit, it has gone through many iterations | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Assistant is an intelligent personal assistant application for mobile devices developed by Speaktoit. Originally launched in October 2011 for the Android platform (although available in beta in March 2011), Assistant had since come to iOS and Windows Phones. Assistant used natural language processing and speech recognition to interact with its users and was able to have clarifying conversations | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
For the number system, see Base 24. BASE24 is a series of applications produced by ACI Worldwide, Inc. that support payment systems used by large financial institutions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Basic Support for Cooperative Work (BSCW) is a collaborative workspace software package for collaboration over the Web, developed by the Fraunhofer Society. BSCW supports document upload, event notification, and group management. The last version are BSCW Classic (5) and BSCW Social (7) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
CA-7 is a job scheduling / workflow automation software package sold by CA Technologies (formerly CA, Inc. and Computer Associates International, Inc. ) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Comprehensive Electronic Office, often referred to by its initialism CEO, was a suite of office automation software from Data General introduced in 1981. It included word processing, e-mail, spreadsheets, business graphics and desktop accessories. The software was developed mostly in PL/I on and for the AOS and AOS/VS operating systems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Computer-aided facility management (CAFM) is the support of facility management by information technology. The supply of information about the facilities is the center of attention. The tools of the CAFM are called CAFM software, CAFM applications or CAFM systems | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) is any software package that maintains a computer database of information about an organization's maintenance operations. This information is intended to help maintenance workers do their jobs more effectively (for example, determining which machines require maintenance and which storerooms contain the spare parts they need) and to help management make informed decisions (for example, calculating the cost of machine breakdown repair versus preventive maintenance for each machine, possibly leading to better allocation of resources).
CMMS data may also be used to verify regulatory compliance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In customer interaction management, Customer Interaction Tracker (CIT) is a software and/or process of gathering information about customers interactions against all levels throughout a business. A CIT does not only track customers who have actually bought a product or service, but also keeps track of future prospects and how they interact with sales organisations. The weak point of a CIT is that it demands that all user interactions be logged into the system | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Enterprise report management (ERM or ERP) systems support very high-volume generation, handling and storage of reports and documents. Many ERM systems are used for online customer self-service document generation and delivery.
History
ERM started out as a technology called Computer Output to Laser Disc (COLD) based on laser discs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computing, Envoy was a proprietary portable document file format marketed by WordPerfect Corporation, created as a competitor for Acrobat Pro. It was introduced by Tumbleweed Communications Corporation in 1993 and shipped with WordPerfect Office in March 1994.
An Envoy file could be created by the use of a special printer driver in WordPerfect, and an application for "viewing, manipulating, annotating or printing Envoy files" was included in the WordPerfect Envoy product, together with a "runtime file" that permitted the a viewer to be embedded in Envoy files and enable recipients to have "all the functionality of the full viewer without paying licensing charges" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
eRoom is an on-line project collaboration, or collaborative software product from Opentext Corporation. Originally developed by eRoom Technology Inc. , of Cambridge, Massachusetts, product features include e-mail management, calendaring, instant messaging, project plans, databases, and document management | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Charles F. Kettering Prize was a US$250,000 award given by the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation for the most outstanding recent contribution to the diagnosis or treatment of cancer.
History
The award was named in honor of Charles F | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Sjöberg Prize is an award aimed at individuals or research groups that have made significant contributions to cancer research. The prize, which is international, is planned to be awarded annually. It consists of a 100,000 US dollars of free disposal and 900,000 dollars to fund future research making up a total of one million US dollars | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Lasker Awards have been awarded annually since 1945 to living persons who have made major contributions to medical science or who have performed public service on behalf of medicine. They are administered by the Lasker Foundation, which was founded by Albert Lasker and his wife Mary Woodard Lasker (later a medical research activist). The awards are sometimes referred to as "America's Nobels" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award is one of four annual awards presented by the Lasker Foundation. The Lasker-DeBakey award is given to honor outstanding work for the understanding, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and cure of disease. This award was renamed in 2008 in honor of Michael E | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute is a body at Karolinska Institute which awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It is headquartered in the Nobel Forum on the grounds of the Karolinska Institute campus. Originally the Nobel Assembly was not a formal body but rather the collective of all professors (holders of chairs, i | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Red Cross Medal was established on 10 August 1907 by Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg. The medal was presented for outstanding service in charitable civic service and voluntary nursing. It was presented to men and women who had rendered outstanding services in these areas | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Paraquat (trivial name; ), or N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (systematic name), also known as methyl viologen, is an organic compound with the chemical formula [(C6H7N)2]Cl2. It is classified as a viologen, a family of redox-active heterocycles of similar structure. This salt is one of the most widely used herbicides | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Amikacin is an antibiotic medication used for a number of bacterial infections. This includes joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections. It is also used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bedaquiline, sold under the brand name Sirturo, is a medication used to treat active tuberculosis. Specifically, it is used to treat multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) along with other medications for tuberculosis. It is used by mouth | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Capreomycin is an antibiotic which is given in combination with other antibiotics for the treatment of tuberculosis. Specifically it is a second line treatment used for active drug resistant tuberculosis. It is given by injection into a vein or muscle | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ethambutol (EMB, E) is a medication primarily used to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis medications, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. It may also be used to treat Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium kansasii | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ethambutol/isoniazid is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat tuberculosis. It is a fixed dose combination of ethambutol and isoniazid. It is used along with other antituberculosis medication | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ethionamide is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis. Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, to treat active multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. It is no longer recommended for leprosy | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Furonazide is a crystalline tuberculostatic drug substance with a reported melting point of 199-201. 5 °C.
Synthesis
Furonazide was first prepared in 1955 by Miyatake from isoniazid and 2-Acetylfuran by refluxing in ethanol, followed by filtration of the crystalline product | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis. For active tuberculosis, it is often used together with rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and either streptomycin or ethambutol. For latent tuberculosis, it is often used alone | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Kanamycin A, often referred to simply as kanamycin, is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis. It is not a first line treatment. It is used by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The main uses are infections of the skin and pneumonia although it may be used for a variety of other infections including drug-resistant tuberculosis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Methaniazide, brand name Neotizide among others, is an antibiotic which was used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It is a derivative of methanesulfonic acid and isoniazid, which is also an antituberculosis drug but has comparatively been far more widely known and used. Isoniazid is a prodrug of isonicotinic acid, and acetylisoniazid, a metabolite of isoniazid, is a metabolic intermediate through which most of the isonicotinic acid is formed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, tuberculosis, and sinusitis. It can be given by mouth, by injection into a vein, and as an eye drop. Common side effects include diarrhea, dizziness, and headache | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pretomanid is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis affecting the lungs. It is generally used together with bedaquiline and linezolid. It is taken by mouth | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pyrazinamide is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. For active tuberculosis, it is often used with rifampicin, isoniazid, and either streptomycin or ethambutol. It is not generally recommended for the treatment of latent tuberculosis | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Rifabutin (Rfb) is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and prevent and treat Mycobacterium avium complex. It is typically only used in those who cannot tolerate rifampin such as people with HIV/AIDS on antiretrovirals. For active tuberculosis it is used with other antimycobacterial medications | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Rifalazil (also known as KRM-1648 and AMI-1648) is an antibiotic substance that kills bacterial cells by blocking off the β-subunit in RNA polymerase. Rifalazil is used as a treatment for many different diseases. The most common are Chlamydia infection, Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD), and tuberculosis (TB) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Rifampicin, also known as rifampin, is an ansamycin antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium avium complex, leprosy, and Legionnaires’ disease. It is almost always used together with other antibiotics with two notable exceptions: when given as a "preferred treatment that is strongly recommended" for latent TB infection; and when used as post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcal disease in people who have been exposed to those bacteria. Before treating a person for a long period of time, measurements of liver enzymes and blood counts are recommended | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, also known as rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, and sold under the trade name Rifater, is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. It is a fixed dose combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. It is used either by itself or along with other antituberculosis medication | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
SQ109 is a drug undergoing development for treatment of tuberculosis.
Background
On October 16, 2007, it was given the status of Orphan drug by the U. S | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Streptomycin is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, endocarditis, brucellosis, Burkholderia infection, plague, tularemia, and rat bite fever. For active tuberculosis it is often given together with isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. It is administered by injection into a vein or muscle | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Devil's Bridge is a term applied to dozens of ancient bridges, found primarily in Europe. Most of these bridges are stone or masonry arch bridges and represent a significant technological achievement in ancient architecture. Due to their unusual design, they were an object of fascination and stories in antiquity and medieval Europe | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Dragon beam is a horizontal, diagonal beam in the corner(s) of some traditional timber-framed buildings. The term is commonly used in both hip roof framing and jettying. Older publications may use the synonyms dragging beam, dragging piece, dragging tie, dragon piece or dragon tie | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Encastellation (sometimes castellation, which can also mean crenellation) is the process whereby the feudal kingdoms of Europe became dotted with castles, from which local lords could dominate the countryside of their fiefs and their neighbours', and from which kings could command even the far-off corners of their realms. The ubiquity of the castle is iconic of the Middle Ages.
The process was rather quick once the castle, as a distinct type of fortress, was introduced | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Falcon is a public house in Chester, Cheshire, England. It stands on the west side of Lower Bridge Street at its junction with Grosvenor Road. The Falcon is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A fan vault is a form of vault used in the Gothic style, in which the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly, in a manner resembling a fan. The initiation and propagation of this design element is strongly associated with England.
The earliest example, dating from about the year 1351, may be seen in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Medieval fortification refers to medieval military methods that cover the development of fortification construction and use in Europe, roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance. During this millennium, fortifications changed warfare, and in turn were modified to suit new tactics, weapons and siege techniques.
Fortification types
Archer towers
Towers of medieval castles were usually made of stone, wood or a combination of both (with a stone base supporting a wooden loft) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Gamul House is at 52–58 Lower Bridge Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and contains the only medieval stone-built open hall to survive in Chester.
History
The date of its original building is not known but it was altered in the 17th, 18th and 20th centuries | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ključ fortrass, locally known as Stari grad Ključ (transl. Old Town Ključ), is a medieval castle complex in the village of Ključ, Gacko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The historic area includes the Ključ fortress, the Podključ castle town (in Serbo-Croatian: podgrađe, lit | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The walls of Lisbon are a series of three nested defensive stone-wall complexes built at different times to defend Lisbon. They consist of the São Jorge Castle proper and its walls (cidadela or citadel), the cerca moura (or cerca velha) - moorish walls - and its lateral extension the muralha de D. Diniz - King Denis wall, and the cerca fernandina - Ferdinand's wall | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Little Shambles is a short historic street in the city centre of the city of York, England. The street dates back to medieval times and forms a small branch off street from the main street of The Shambles. The street was largely demolished in the 1950s and what remains now opens out onto a large, open space with market stalls known as Shambles Market | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Old Custom House Inn is located at 69 and 71 Watergate Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.
History
The inn originated from two former houses, their undercrofts now forming the inn's cellars | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Old King's Head Hotel is a hotel and public house at 48–50 Lower Bridge Street, on the corner of Castle Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.
History
The building was constructed in about 1208 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Orleigh Court is a late medieval manor house in the parish of Buckland Brewer about 4 miles (6. 4 km) south-west of Bideford, North Devon, England. It is a two-storeyed building constructed from local slate stone and has a great hall with a hammer-beam roof, installed in the late 15th century | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Royal Palace of Geguti (Georgian: გეგუთის სასახლე) was a Georgian royal palace active during the Middle Ages. Currently only ruins remain at the eponymous village, 7 km south of the city of Kutaisi.
History
The ruins of the Geguti palace complex occupy the area of over 2,000 m2 along the Rioni River | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pendant vaulting is considered to be a type of English fan vaulting. The pendant vault is a rare form of vault, attributed to fifteenth century English Gothic architecture, in which large decorative pendants hang from the vault at a distance from the walls. In some cases, the pendants are a large form of boss | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Pied Bull Hotel is located at 57 Northgate Street, on the corner of King Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.
History
The building dates from the 17th century, probably in the site of two medieval tenements | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Plan of Saint Gall is a medieval architectural drawing of a monastic compound dating from 820–830 AD. It depicts an entire Benedictine monastic compound, including churches, houses, stables, kitchens, workshops, brewery, infirmary, and a special house for bloodletting. According to calculations based on the manuscript's tituli the complex was meant to house about 110 monks, 115 lay visitors, and 150 craftmen and agricultural workers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Počitelj is a settlement and a historic village in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Town of Čapljina. Its walled nucleus is protected National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina and an open-air museum. The settlement is situated on the left bank of the river Neretva, on the main road Mostar-Metković | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Walled town of Počitelj (Serbian Cyrillic: Почитељ) is a medieval fortified nucleus of Počitelj historic village, in the municipality of Čapljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Due to its significant architectural and urbanistic historical value, it is considered an open-air museum. The Walled town is nested in a natural karst amphitheater along the left bank of the Neretva river, on the main road Mostar-Metković | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pre-Romanesque art and architecture is the period in European art from either the emergence of the Merovingian kingdom in about 500 AD or from the Carolingian Renaissance in the late 8th century, to the beginning of the 11th century Romanesque period. The term is generally used in English only for architecture and monumental sculpture, but here all the arts of the period are briefly described.
The primary theme during this period is the introduction and absorption of classical Mediterranean and Early Christian forms with Germanic ones, which fostered innovative new forms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Putlog holes or putlock holes are small holes made in the walls of structures to receive the ends of poles (small round logs) or beams, called putlogs or putlocks, to support a scaffolding. Putlog holes may extend through a wall to provide staging on both sides of the wall.
A historically common type of scaffolding, putlog holes date from ancient Roman buildings | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Tauber Bridge at Rothenburg ob der Tauber is an historic road bridge that spans the Tauber Valley west of the town centre of the Middle Franconian town of Rothenburg ob der Tauber in Bavaria. The structure carries a local link road to Leuzenbronn and the Tauber Valley Way and has a 4. 0 metre wide roadway and a 1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Stanley Palace is on Watergate Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. Built as a town house for Sir Peter Warburton in 1591, it has since been apartments, a boys' school, and a museum | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The stilt tower (Danish: styltetårn) is a special type of Medieval church tower, concentrated in Djursland peninsula and neighbouring regions of Danish Jutland.
In this type, only the upper storey with the bells has four walls. The lower parts of such a tower are formed by one or three high arches | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In architecture, the talus is a feature of some late medieval castles, especially prevalent in crusader constructions. It consists of a battered (sloping) face at the base of a fortified wall.
Feature
The slope acts as an effective defensive measure in two ways | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Three Old Arches is a building at 48 Bridge Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. Together with the adjacent building at No. 50, it is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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