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Jamestown, it was thought, had simply disappeared.
As the first permanent English settlement in North America, Jamestown served as the capital of the Jamestown Colony throughout most of the 17th century. It was there, along Virginia’s James River, that Captain John Smith forged his famous bond with Pocahontas that kept the Jamestown colonists from starving. And it was there that the newly introduced crop of tobacco first flourished in the American colonies.
But when the colony’s capital was relocated in 1699 to what is now modern-day Williamsburg, the Jamestown site was largely abandoned and gradually succumbed to erosion.
Though many believed that the original fortified town had been washed away, NEH-funded archaeological excavations conducted by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities in 1996 uncovered the original seventeenth-century fort, revealing it to be intact on three sides. The digs also uncovered hundreds of early colonial artifacts, including glass and copper works, giving glimpses of daily life in the first American colony.
Learn more about the Jamestown 1607 settlement at another NEH-supported project, Virtual Jamestown. Created by researchers at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, this online resource lets users peruse early colonial legal suits, see John Smith’s 1608 map of Virginia, and visit an interactive 3D recreation of an Indian village. | <urn:uuid:47a2e6d7-2ec2-45cb-8393-df99ba81c85b> | 2013-05-18T17:57:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A Good Day
This is a sequel to Friends Forever.
The fifteenth day of Eating, year eleven. Fang was sitting on the couch in the living room, bored. Rosie, his owner, and Seth, his brother had both gone out to the Healing Springs after Seth's fight in the Battledome. Yeah, he'd won, but the opponent had been weak in Fang's mind. Now, he was home alone with his sister Aelouro.
Outside, the weather was cold and rainy. If it had been a warmer and sunnier day, then Fang would have been outside playing. But no... there had to be rain. The clouds were grey, covering up the sun and making it mostly dark outside.
Elou was in her room. Fang knew that ever since she had joined the family, she had been mostly quiet and spent time alone with her Floud, Angel. She wasn't very sociable but she was still a good family member and had moments of friendly happiness.
Suddenly there was a knock on the door that almost made Fang jump out of his fur. He had been used to the silence; after recovering from his brief moment of surprise the tiny Gelert heaved himself to his paws and walked to the front door.
Upon opening it, he was met with a pink Gelert about the same height as him. "Hi, Fang!" she squeaked excitedly.
He recognized her at once.
"Hey, Sierra!" It was mostly surprise that filled the Gelert. This was a friend that he had not seen for a long time. "It's been a while."
"Can I come in?"
"Uh, sure, I guess."
She stepped inside and Fang closed the door gently behind her. Her fur was soaked with rain which she shook off as soon as she was inside; Fang cringed as the rain touched his own red fur.
Sierra's blue eyes were huge. "I just thought I'd come round and tell you my news," she said to Fang, twitching the tip of her tail.
Fang blinked. "News?"
"Yeah. My owner - well, my old one - abandoned me like I thought he would."
For a moment Fang was speechless. He didn't know what to say; he remembered the day after he met Sierra, about three months ago, when she told him that she thought her owner was going to abandon her. And now... he had?
But the pink Gelert just started laughing. "No, don't look at me like that. I got a new owner straight away!" She gave a little bounce of delight. "She's wonderful. Loves me like I'm the best thing in the world. Says I'm her first and only pet and she'll keep me for life."
"That's good to hear," Fang breathed, happy for her. Then a thought occurred to him. "What about Kealog? Don't you miss him?" He remembered the yellow Kacheek that had once been Sierra's older brother.
A brief sadness flickered through Sierra's eyes. "Well, yes," she admitted slowly. "He was a good brother. But I do still see him, sometimes, out in Neopia Central. We don't live far away from him so it's not that bad." A grin was plastered on her face.
Fang laughed. "Well, at least you're in a good home now, right?"
"You bet! Jasmine is awesome! Want to come and meet her?"
He hesitated, not sure if Rosie would let him go out when she didn't know where he was. Then an idea popped into his mind.
"Wait here, I'll be right back," he told Sierra; then he turned and ran quickly upstairs.
There were five bedrooms up here. One was his room; one was Seth's; one was Elou's; one was Rosie's; and the other was the bathroom. Fang knocked on Elou's door which was a light pink colour.
His blue eyes stared blankly at the door. "Elou? It's Fang."
The door opened. His sister stood there, looking curious. "Fang? You never come to my room - is something wrong?" Her big emerald green eyes were slightly anxious.
Fang shook his head and laughed. "No, nothing's wrong. But I just came to ask if you could do a favour for me. Can you tell Rosie that I'm at Sierra's house when she gets back?"
"Okay." The green Xweetok gave a little nod and smiled. "But who's Sierra?"
"My friend. I haven't seen her for a while."
Another nod and then Elou turned around. "See you later, then," she called over her shoulder before shutting the door behind her.
Fang raced back down the stairs to see Sierra sitting on the couch, looking around the room with interest in her eyes. "Let's go, then," he called to her, a grin on his face also.
* * *
"Mum! I brought a visitor - is that okay?"
Sierra's voice rang through the house as she and Fang stood at the door. Fang could see inside; it was a large house with light coloured carpets and white walls. Lights were all around. Through an open door to the left must be the kitchen because inside the floor was checkered and the walls were baby blue - there was a fridge, some food, a Light Faerie Oven, a Jhudora Cooker... everything imaginable for a kitchen. He couldn't see anything else, but Fang imagined that it had several more rooms with basically everything.
"Sure, it's alright," called back a voice that reminded Fang a little of Rosie.
The pink Gelert beside him smiled and jumped inside. "Come in!" she called to Fang before skipping down the hall.
Fang followed her in and closed the door behind him. Now that he was inside he could see more; just down the hall there was a staircase and there was a door on the right next to it. Opposite the kitchen was an open door leading to a room with two couches and Neovision, with paintings up on the walls and a Weewoo Clock, a Red Brick Fireplace and a few bean bags. He guessed that was the living room.
"Do you want to see my room?" Sierra's voice broke into his thoughts.
He caught up to her; she was standing at the bottom of the stairs. "Okay."
She led him up the staircase. Upstairs, it was a smaller hall than the one downstairs; there were three rooms. Sierra opened the door to the far left one and bounced inside.
It was a large room with pink walls and a pink floor. There was a large bed in the corner. On the left wall there was a window with a light pink cushion in front of it. Nearby was a large pile of all kinds of toys and plushies. Above them was a Red Apple Clock. Opposite the plushies was an Ultranova Wardrobe, obviously containing many clothes. And finally, just next to the wardrobe were some shelves full of books.
"Welcome to my room," Sierra said, beaming.
"It's very pink," Fang commented, frowning. He didn't exactly like pink but he decided not to mention that.
Sierra just giggled. She walked over to the window and sat down on the cushion, gesturing with her tail for Fang to follow. "This is my favourite spot in the whole house," she told him. "Outside this window you can see the whole of Neopia Central. The shops, the Bazaar, the Plaza and the Marketplace, all of it!"
She was right. Looking out the window, Fang could see everything; he felt so high up. Outside his own window he could see Neopia Central, but only a bit of it. His eyes came upon the Pound and he shivered, forcing himself to look away.
"What's wrong?" Sierra asked, obviously noticing his shiver.
He decided to tell her about his past. Everything. So Fang launched straight into his story, of how he had first had an owner that kept him locked in his room all week until she got the Techo from the Pound to come and take him away. He never got to meet that family properly. Then he was taken to the Pound but he managed to escape just before he was put into one of the cages, tearing past Dr Death and straight into Neopia Central without looking back. From there he found his way to Rosie's house, when she only had Seth, and the rest was history.
Sierra listened intently, her blue eyes huge. "Wow," she breathed. "I'm sorry. I didn't know..."
"It's okay," Fang assured her, smiling. "That's over now."
They sat together staring out into the shops for a while in silence.
Then Sierra stretched, twitching her ears. "I guess you should be home now," she said, stifling a yawn. "Rosie might be home already."
"You're right," Fang agreed. He stood up and followed Sierra as she led him out the room, down the stairs and back into the hall. Fang could hear Jasmine moving around the kitchen as he heard the clash of pots and pans.
In no time at all they were standing on the doorstep again.
"Bye, Fang," Sierra said. "Want to meet tomorrow outside the food shop? At... well, at lunch time?" She laughed.
And Fang nodded, smiling. "Of course. Bye, Sierra."
He walked away as she closed the door, feeling suddenly much better. The grey skies above him faded away and then the sun was glimmering down on him, as if the weather also agreed that today had been a good day. | <urn:uuid:399c1a2c-c285-458b-81d1-3a91545f5000> | 2013-05-18T17:21:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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January 12, 1773
America's First Museum
A museum is a building, place, or institution devoted to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, or artistic value.
South Carolina was still a British colony when the Charleston Museum was founded in 1773 and is regarded as America's first museum. A fire destroyed many of the original collections in 1778, and operations were suspended during the Revolutionary War and again during the War Between the States. | <urn:uuid:cc000956-89ac-4ce0-bd13-eb41a9ef310d> | 2013-05-18T17:21:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The canons of Priscillian, prefixed to the Epistles of St. Paul in many (chiefly Spanish) manuscripts, are preceded by an introduction headed "Proœmium sancti Peregrini episcopi in epistolas Pauli Apostoli", in which it is explained that the canons were not written by St. Jerome but by Priscillian, and that they are given in an expurgated edition. The prologue of Priscillian himself to his canons follows; it shows none of the characteristics of style found in the tractates of Priscillian; it has presumably been rewritten by Peregrinus, if the tractates are genuine.
The Codex Gothicus of the cathedral of Leon contains a prayer, and the words "et Peregrini f. o karissimi memento". The preface of St. Jerome to his lost translation of the Books of Solomon from the Septuagint occurs in some Manuscripts after his preface to his translation of those books from the Hebrew; in most of these Manuscripts (Spanish, or under Spanish influence) a note is appended explaining that both prefaces are given because, to the Vulgate text which follows, there have been added in the margin the additions found in the Septuagint; then come the words "et idcirco qui legis semper Peregrini memento". The Stowe codex of St. John also has a subscription, in which the writer describes himself as "Sonid Peregrinus". Sonid is said to be Celtic for a warrior; it reminds us of "Vincentius", and St. Vincent of Lérins in fact wrote his Commonitorium under the pseudonym of Peregrinus. But he cannot be identified with the Spanish Peregrinus, as he was not a bishop. The latter has been identified by Schepss, Berger, Fritsche, and Künstle with Bachiarius, a Spaniards who left his country, and is fond of speaking of his peregrinatio; he was accused of Priscillianism, and defended his own orthodoxy; but he was a monk, and we do not know that he ever became a bishop. It is however most probable that the Spanish Peregrinus lived at the beginning of the fifth century, and he cannot be later than the eighth. Künstle is wrong in attributing to him the Pseudo-Jerome's prologue to the Catholic Epistles.
SCHEPSS, Priscilliani quæ supersunt, C. S. E. L., XVIII (Vienna, 1889), 179; BERGER, Histoire de la Vulgate (Paris, 1893); FRITSCHE in Zeitschr. für Kirchengesch., XVII (1897), 212; KÜNSTLE, Das Comma Johanneum (Freiburg im Br., 1905); CHAPMAN, Early history of the Vulgate Gospels (Oxford, 1908).
APA citation. (1911). Peregrinus. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11664b.htm
MLA citation. "Peregrinus." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11664b.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Douglas J. Potter. Dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. February 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. | <urn:uuid:13c092d9-a306-429a-ab4d-ef3f58e3fa7a> | 2013-05-18T17:48:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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As the son of two parents who work in the airline industry (my mom is a flight attendant and my dad is a pilot), I am shocked and appalled by the Transportation Security Administration's decision to permit small knives on commercial airplanes. The TSA recently announced that it would roll back its prohibition on small knives and various sporting equipment to allow TSA agents to focus on finding items that pose a "larger" threat, such as explosives.
Put simply, this decision is an embarrassment to our national security and will destroy a decade's worth of vigilance and hard work. There are so many things wrong with it that I have a difficult time finding where to begin.
We can start by looking at the justifications given by TSA Administrator John Pistole. Pistole claims that aviation security has improved since 9/11 and that the chances of a similar plot against a commercial airliner are slim. Talk about the epitome of naïveté.
Does Pistole really believe that the threat of terrorism has suddenly dissipated into thin air? Have radical jihadis unanimously decided to stop targeting the West out of frustration or a nascent change of heart? Our military campaign against al-Qaida and affiliated terrorist groups has been effective in the short term, but even an optimist would admit that we are a far cry from eliminating terrorism entirely.
If anything, our actions in the Middle East have facilitated more resentment and inspired future extremists. Why would we want to provide al-Qaida with another chance to attack? After two wars and the loss of thousands of American lives, we're handing our enemy an opportunity to strike at the heart of our country.
Knives have been banned on airplanes for more than 11 years now; how did the TSA come to the conclusion that 2013 was the year when we could stop worrying about these weapons and the threat that they pose to flight crews and passengers?
Pistole has described this decision as part of a broader effort to embrace what he calls 'risk-based security.' Risk-based security emphasizes the detection of liquid explosives, non-metallic IEDs and other sorts of improvised explosives, rather than hand-held weapons.
Apparently the TSA has determined that the former represents a greater threat to airline security than the latter. This is why small knives (no longer than 2.3 inches), hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks, pool cues, ski poles and even golf clubs will be allowed on planes starting April 25. A TSA spokesman can be quoted as saying that these items do not "pose a catastrophic threat to the operation of the aircraft."
While I agree that improvised explosives pose a grave threat to an airplane, I cannot comprehend why the TSA would pardon hand-held weapons. Have we learned nothing from 9/11? The 19 hijackers used hand-held weapons, including box cutters, to overtake the flight crews of all four aircraft.
How can the TSA honestly believe that knives do not pose a catastrophic threat to the operation of the aircraft? If the TSA's recent decision is implemented, the deaths of those flight attendants and pilots on 9/11 will have been in vain.
What's more, former TSA chief Kip Hawley has publicly stated, "they ought to let everything on that is sharp and pointy. Battle axes, machetes. bring anything you want that is pointy and sharp because while you may be able to commit an act of violence, you will not be able to take over the plane. It is as simple as that."
This statement encapsulates an egregious lack of judgment and prescience. According to the 9/11 Commission, pre-9/11 security philosophy generally held that, "other than for guns, large knives, explosives and incendiaries, determining what was prohibited and what was allowable was up to the common sense of the carriers and their screening contractors." The TSA's latest decision will take us back to this negligent climate, completely undermining 11 years of thorough security, attentiveness and diligence.
The TSA exists to save lives and to prevent 9/11 from ever happening again. Believe me, I wait in the same lines as everyone else. I have to go through monotonous security checkpoints. I have to endure the occasional pat down. Yes, it's annoying, but I don't complain because I understand what's at stake. All it takes is a single weapon to slip through security before a terrorist can take the lives of hundreds of innocent people. I was 12 years old on 9/11, and I will always remember how frightened I felt. I pray that I never have to experience it again.
Ethan Gauvin of Stratham is a University of New Hampshire student studying at the University of Oxford in England this semester. | <urn:uuid:309b60dd-3608-40df-b144-9417767994b8> | 2013-05-18T17:19:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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BSD Medical Corporation (NASDAQ:BSDM) (Company or BSD) (www.BSDMedical.com), a leading provider of medical systems that utilize heat therapy to treat cancer, announced the publication of results from a clinical study on advanced pancreatic cancer using the BSD-2000 Hyperthermia System (BSD-2000). The study, "Gemcitabine and cisplatin combined with regional hyperthermia as second-line treatment in patients with gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer", (Int J Hyperthermia. 2013;29:8-16) reported the results of a retrospective analysis of 23 patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer who had relapsed after first-line chemotherapy treatment. The researchers, Tschoep-Lechner, et al., reported that hyperthermia, delivered using the BSD-2000, combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin resulted in low toxicity and high feasibility, even in these study patients who had a very negative prognosis and no standard treatment options. The researchers also reported that, despite the intrinsic limitation of a small retrospective analysis, the results suggested clinical efficacy of hyperthermia combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin whereas gemcitabine and cisplatin without hyperthermia does not seem to provide a significant benefit in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. | <urn:uuid:859c97b3-f03b-46f0-a772-d71567f1b1d0> | 2013-05-18T17:38:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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News Articles for "Daily Sun"
On video: SAfrican police drag man, who later dies
They bound his hands to the rear of a van, and then sped off, dragging the slender taxi driver along the pavement as a crowd of onlookers shouted in disma...read more
SAfrican Police Drag Man, Who Later Dies
A graphic video of a man being dragged by a South African police van has shocked a nation long accustomed to reports of police violence. The man was later ...read more | <urn:uuid:e30f2944-31e4-4f99-9467-1f574ee3d9c0> | 2013-05-18T18:06:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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SACRAMENTO (AP) - Gov. Brown has signed a bill to allow a death row inmate to help authorities search for the remains of his long-dead victims.
The governor announced Tuesday that he had signed AB 2357 by Assem. Cathleen Galgiani, D-Tracy. The bill gives California's corrections secretary the authority to let convicted serial killer Wesley Shermantine help investigators search for more bodies.
Shermantine and a friend went on a drug-induced killing spree in the 1980s and 1990s. The other man, Loren Herzog, hanged himself earlier this year after learning that Shermantine provided crude maps to lead authorities to the remains of four of their victims.
Lawmakers say there could be dozens of other victims.
Galgiani became interested partly because her missing cousin could be a victim.
The Associated Press | <urn:uuid:887338d3-f1a5-4f5f-9285-07643428a5c5> | 2013-05-18T17:18:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Internet and cell phone coverage were restored Saturday to most Syrian provinces, according to the opposition Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, two days after a blackout shut down virtually all Internet service in the country.
Residents in the capital, Damascus, told CNN via Skype that their Internet and cell phone services were working again.
Syria's Internet and phone systems blacked out Thursday.
A Syrian government information minister said Friday that "terrorists" -- which is how the Assad regime refers to rebels in a bloody, ongoing civil war -- cut the cable, knocking out Web communication with other countries.
"All the Internet connections and communications lines are back to work in Damascus and its suburbs, after the technicians teams managed to fix the malfunction that led to the outage for two days," an anchor on state-run TV said Saturday. The network reported there was a malfunction in the main grid in the suburbs of Damascus.
Rebels have routinely used the Web to transmit images of the civil war, including what they claim have been military attacks by the Assad regime on civilians.
However, a leading Web security firm said the outage was almost certainly the work of the Syrian government.
Matthew Prince, CEO of CloudFlare, said his firm's investigations showed that all four Internet cables linking Syria to the outside world would have had to been cut simultaneously for a whole country outage to occur.
The blackout forced fighters to rely on radio communication, which they say is easier for the Syrian government to tap.
The U.S. Embassy in Damascus and expat opposition supporters urged people to use "Speak to Tweet," a service which allows users to leave an audio message which is tweeted out as a link for people to click on and play. However, the phone service outage likely made it difficult to use.
As a result of the Internet shutdown, the flood of daily video images of fighting and decimation dried up.
Rebel leaders accused the government of creating the blackout to hide its mass killings from the outside world.
At least 165 people have been killed Saturday across Syria, including 60 in Damascus and its suburbs, according to the Local Coordination Committees of Syria, a network of opposition activists.
At least eight people were killed when a car bomb exploded in the northern city of Reqqah, said the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Two other car bombs went off in Damascus, the group said. No casualties were reported in those attacks.
Meanwhile, in a continued attempt to weaken President Bashar al-Assad's aerial strength, Syria's rebel fighters say they have tightened their grip on territory near Damascus International Airport.
Rebels have taken control of a crescent shaped swath of land about 20 kilometers long just north and east of the main road leading to the airport, said a revolutionary council for the Damascus area.
The airport is "the gate of death that supplies the regime in Damascus and its suburbs with more tools to kill the Syrian people," said Abu Eyaad, spokesman to the Revolutionary Military Council in Damascus and its Suburbs in an audio message posted late Friday.
Although rebel forces have not taken the airport, they have shut down its operations, claimed Abu Eyaad, which is his nom de guerre. "Our main goal is to sap the strength of the regime's air force and supplies."
He accused Russia and Iran of delivering arms to Assad's army via the airport.
The government rejected the rebels' claim on state-run TV on a banner reading, "Damascus airport is functioning normally, and the highway to the airport is fully secure." | <urn:uuid:23688bee-d27e-4826-95c3-963c23c1dbf7> | 2013-05-18T17:51:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A badly doctored propaganda photo has made hapless officials in China's Huili county the laughing stock of a nation of 1.3 billion people. The photo on the rural county's website appeared to show county officials levitating above the road project they were inspecting, the Guardian reports. The county apologized and pulled the photo—but not before it had spread through countless blogs and chatrooms.
Chinese Internet users came up with a flood of parodies, showing the officials on the moon, at a soccer game, surrounded by dinosaurs, or joined by North Korean leader Kim Jong Il. Officials blame the photo on a government photographer who thought the photos he had taken of the leaders inspecting the road weren't impressive enough and decided to combine a few of them. | <urn:uuid:5a7c26c8-b0e8-40b7-bff5-b84d39105e47> | 2013-05-18T17:38:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Falling Objects and Bouncing
Location: Outside U.S.
Date: April 2008
I am looking to compare different masses, objects, shapes
and compare these to dents made in a specific plate (e.g.
polystyrene). For this experiment I would need not only to be able
to work out the velocity of the object but also how much air
resistance is effecting the object plus the amount of air is jammed
between the object and the plate.
If possible, I would also be
looking for a way to measure how much, for instance, an object would
bounce back, or how much weight and height will get me the best
results, but I also need to find a formula to see wether any of my
results make any sense. I was thinking of letting an object
dimensions around 5 x 5 (base) by 5-10 (height) depending on object
otherwise for sphere a 3 cm radius object drop from around 3 meters
object mass around 250g to 1kg. I do not know if pressure, humidity
or temperature matters.
It sounds like you're asking for someone to 1. validate your methodology,
and 2. suggest any other factors you need to consider. Is that right? (if
not, reply and let me know what else).
First, the methodology. It sounds like you have an ambitious approach, but I
think some organization up front will really help you get good value from
your efforts. There is a method known as 'design of experiments' that might
help. I am going to walk you through some basic steps, and hopefully it will
Step one is to have a hypothesis. What are you trying to prove? It sounds
like you are testing something about elastic collisions (such as the
relationship between objects and the mark they leave on a plate), but I am
not clear what.
Step two is to organize and categorize your variables. You have two kinds of
variables: independent and dependent. An independent variable is something
you can set yourself (such as how high to drop the object, which object with
which properties, etc.). A dependent variable, often called a response
variable, is one that is determined by independent variables. The mark left
on the plate or the height the object bounces might be response variables. A
third type of "variable" is a factor that you do not intentionally change (I
put "variable" in quotes because sometimes they change and sometimes they
do not). There are lots of these factors, some of which you can control and
some you cannot. You might always choose to use the same target plate --
that is a factor that you hold constant. You might work outside, and have to
deal with wind or temperature changes -- these affect your results, but you
cannot control them. It is a good idea to record variables and factors that
affect your results -- they may be helpful later in interpreting your
Step three is to revisit your hypothesis -- restate your idea in terms of
the variables that you can measure. Saying "I want to see what happens....".
is not as powerful as saying something like "A change of independent
variable A will lead to a change in dependent variable B in this way C."
Step four is to set up your equipment to actually test your hypothesis. Keep
it simple -- pick materials and equipment that fit what you are trying to
test. Remove things that will introduce uncontrollable variables. The more
variables you try to change, the harder the experiment will be to run and
the harder the results will be to analyze. Sometimes you have to have a lot
of variables, but it is often a good idea to start simple first, and then
work your way up to more complicated experiments.
I strongly recommend you read about 'design of experiments' to help you
understand the approach I am suggesting here. The Internet has a ton of information,
as would a library too.
Now for your specific situation.
It sounds like you are trying to do experiments involving colliding objects.
Have you studied 'kinetic energy' in physics yet? I would start there. You
can get all the equations you need. I would specifically study elastic and
inelastic collisions. Usually collisions are not purely one or the other.
With a rubber ball, the ball deforms as it strikes a hard object. Some
energy is dissipated in the deformation, and some is returned elastically.
If you are hitting an expanded Polystyrene ('Styrofoam') target, the energy of the
falling object will be partially/mostly absorbed by the Styrofoam. For your
objects and distances (~1kg, ~10m), I think you can safely neglect air/wind
effects. If you consider objects of different shapes, now you have a very
difficult-to-control factor as now the orientation of the object affects how
it bounces (I would avoid this variable, to be honest -- stick with
spheres). As for weights and masses, it probably does not matter that much
unless you use very light, low-density objects (they will be affected by
air). Ball bearings, rocks, and other similar 'heavy' objects should all
Hope this helps,
That is a massively difficult and computationally intensive endeavor
you want to undertake! I am afraid that the best answer I can give, is
to say that with without a supercomputer running extremely complex
Finite Element Analysis software, and a lot of very expensive computer
time, there is no way to do what you are suggesting. It is amazing how
complex it is to accurately describe something as seemingly simple as
dropping a block though air! Further, before you can even think of
attempting to see how far an object would bounce off your polystyrene
plate, you would need to mathematically characterize the detailed
physical characteristics of both the plate and the falling object.
So, I am sorry, but to do what you want to do is simply impossible with
the resources available to someone like you or even me.
You have a pretty complicated project. For a "dropping" distance of ~ 3
meters, air pressure, humidity and temperature will probably be negligible.
For a sphere, Stokes' Law says that the shear viscosity is F=6 x pi x a x nu
x v (for Reynolds numbers 1 (true for air)). For heavy objects of radius
'a' the velocity 'v' falling through air with a viscosity 'nu' will not be
significant I don't think. How bodies of different shape fall is a complicated
problem because they tend to tumble, so you should probably stick to spheres.
Relating the indentation of the base to the mechanical parameters may be very
tricky too. Not all polystyrene, for example, has the same elasticity, which
determines how much of the energy of the falling object is absorbed compared
to how much is retained by the falling object.
Click here to return to the Engineering Archives
Update: June 2012 | <urn:uuid:e4b16c9b-077a-4540-930d-1c571c35557a> | 2013-05-18T17:57:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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So, it's not weird that Hollywood wants to revive this tried-and-true "Turtles" franchise with a live-action reboot. And it's not weird that director Michael Bay wants a hot piece of… actress… to play the female lead. It is weird, however, that he would pick for that role a star with whom he had a very public, very aggressive feud just a short while ago. Yes, we're talking about new mama Megan Fox.
That's right, Fox will play the iconic April O'Neil in the upcoming "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" movie, Ropes of Silicon reports.
Fox sizzled her way across the screen in Bay's "Transformers" and "Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen." But then something happened—and by something we mean she compared the director to Adolph Hitler, saying he was "a nightmare to work for" and that he had "no social skills at all." Bay blasted back, accusing Fox of being "in a different world… on her BlackBerry" and replacing her with Rosie Huntington-Whitely for "Transformers: Dark of the Moon."
We don't know what actually went down (they might not even know either), but somehow, some way, these two power players have rekindled their
romance working relationship. Not only that, but apparently Fox beat out Jane Levy ("Evil Dead"), Elizabeth Olsen ("Martha Marcy May Marlene") and Anna Kendrick (who was nominated for an Oscar for "Up in the Air") for the part. News broke when Bay posted a short blurb on his website that announced, "TMNT: We are bringing Megan Fox back into the family!" A very dysfunctional family, that is. | <urn:uuid:ac646bb1-3fcf-48ce-a352-8ecaae2f20c3> | 2013-05-18T17:17:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This artist developed Florentine Mannerism, influenced by Michelangelo. Figures are muscular and in inventive poses, compressed into a space which has little depth. The painting may contain several stories. Moses is the central pivot for this turbulent composition but also appears in the red drapery rushing to save his future bride. He defends the seven daughters of Jethro from men who have deprived them of water for their flocks. | <urn:uuid:a371cb32-fb26-40f9-890d-0717edc35a79> | 2013-05-18T17:38:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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LOS ANGELES -- It took three tries, but the Los Angeles Kings won the Stanley Cup on Monday night and are champions of the NHL for the first time in the 45-year history of the franchise.
The Kings began the postseason as the No. 8 seed in the Western Conference, but rolled past the top three seeds en route to the Stanley Cup Final with only two losses. New Jersey proved a stiffer test, doubling L.A.'s loss total in the postseason, but the Kings still managed a sparkling 16-4 record en route to claiming the Cup.
Here's a look at five of the reasons why the Kings have been crowned after an amazing postseason run:
Jonathan Quick was an easy choice as the Conn Smythe Trophy winner, and he authored one of the best postseasons by a goaltender in the League's history. Quick finished with a .946 save percentage and a 1.41 goals against average, which are the best totals for goaltenders who played at least 10 games in a postseason. He was even better in the Final against the Devils, yielding only seven goals in the six games and stopping 125 of the 132 shots he faced. Quick was the biggest reason the Kings made the playoffs, carrying an offensively-challenged team until general manager Dean Lombardi provided some reinforcements, and he is the biggest reason they are champions.
2. Road warriors: Quick's numbers are remarkable, but the Kings' prowess away from Staples Center is something that may never be duplicated. Los Angeles went 10-1 on the road in the playoffs, winning the first 10 before dropping Game 5 at Prudential Center and setting a postseason record for most consecutive road wins in one spring. Four times the Kings began a series away from home, and four times they came to Los Angeles with a 2-0 lead. They took control of the Final with a pair of overtime victories at The Rock, with Anze Kopitar and Jeff Carter providing the winning goals.
3. The best line in the postseason: Kopitar, Dustin Brown and Justin Williams were productive and consistent through the entire postseason. Brown led the line early in the playoffs, then Kopitar in the middle and even Williams had a couple of games in the Final where he took the lead. Brown and Kopitar tied the League lead with eight goals and 20 points each, while Williams chipped in four goals and 15 points.
The next closest trio that played together some at even strength was New Jersey's Zach Parise, Travis Zajac and Ilya Kovalchuk, who combined for 23 goals and 48 points, though they produced very little in the Final. Kopitar, Brown and Williams were also stout at their own end of the ice, and combined to finish the postseason as a plus-40. Kopitar in particular earned praise for his two-way play.
Willie Mitchell played 73:43 shorthanded in this postseason. He was on the ice for three goals against, and two for the Kings. Quick played a large role in this, but coach Darryl Sutter also wasn't afraid to play his top players -- Kopitar, Brown and defenseman Drew Doughty in key PK situations. The power play won Game 6 for the Kings against the Devils, but the penalty killing helped win the Cup.
5. Superior depth: Lombardi built the perfect roster in the salary cap era, but everything didn't come together until the six weeks of the regular season and the postseason. All of the ingredients needed to be successful are there -- great goaltending, three quality centers, big wings, a blend of talent and veteran guile in the defense corps.
The final pieces of the puzzle all came on board in February. Los Angeles brought Dwight King and Jordan Nolan up from the American Hockey League. Lombardi traded Jack Johnson to Columbus for Jeff Carter, and the move allowed Slava Voynov to move into a top-four role on the back end. All four of those players were key contributors, and the Kings have been the best team in the NHL since the trade deadline, not just the postseason. Los Angeles went 29-9-3 after the Carter deal and the rumors of a potential Brown trade. Fittingly, Brown started the run with a hat trick in a 4-0 win against Chicago and ended it with a three-point night in Game 6 against the Devils. | <urn:uuid:b1192846-2105-4b13-96e9-8d7e5d1c3abe> | 2013-05-18T17:30:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"Taken from P.L. 106-389
One Hundred Sixth Congress
United States of America
AT THE SECOND SESSION
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the twenty-fourth day of January, two thousand
Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 2001, and for other purposes.
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That Public Law 106-275, is further amended by striking the date specified in section 106(c) and inserting `October 30, 2000'.
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate. | <urn:uuid:d48731a7-3a79-4af2-9ac3-e0faa97a2e0d> | 2013-05-18T17:18:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Time and Frequency from A to Z: D to Do
A number or series of numbers used to identify a given day with the least possible ambiguity. The date is usually expressed as the month, day of month, and year. However, integer numbers such as the Julian Date are also used to express the date.
Daylight Saving Time
The part of the year when clocks are advanced by one hour, effectively moving an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening. In 2007, the rules for Daylight Saving Time (DST) have changed for the first time since 1986. The new changes were enacted by the The Energy Policy Act of 2005, which extended the length of DST by about one month in the interest of reducing energy consumption. DST will now be in effect for 238 days, or about 65% of the year, although Congress retained the right to revert to the prior law should the change prove unpopular or if energy savings are not significant. Under the current rules, DST in the U.S. begins at 2:00 a.m. on the second Sunday of March and ends at 2:00 a.m. on the first Sunday of November.
Daylight Saving Time is not observed in Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the state of Arizona (not including the Navajo Indian Reservation, which does observe).
The time that elapses between the end of one measurement and the start of the next measurement. This time interval is generally called dead time only if information is lost. For example, when making measurements with a time interval counter, the minimum amount of dead time is the elapsed time from when a stop pulse is received to the arrival of the next start pulse. If a counter is fast enough to measure every pulse (if it can sample at a rate of 1 kHz, for instance, and the input signals are at 100 Hz), we can say there is no dead time between measurements.
Disciplined Oscillator (DO)
An oscillator whose output frequency is continuously steered (often through the use of a phase locked loop) to agree with an external reference. For example, a GPS disciplined oscillator (GPSDO) usually consists of a quartz or rubidium oscillator whose output frequency is continuously steered to agree with signals broadcast by the GPS satellites.
The apparent change of frequency caused by the motion of the frequency source (transmitter) relative to the destination (receiver). If the distance between the transmitter and receiver is increasing the frequency apparently decreases. If the distance between the transmitter and receiver is decreasing, the frequency apparently increases. To illustrate this, listen to the sound of a train whistle as a train comes closer to you (the pitch gets higher), or as it moves further away (the pitch gets lower). As you do so, keep in mind that the frequency of the sound produced at the source has not changed. | <urn:uuid:8885f164-65e1-4fdd-beef-17d693860475> | 2013-05-18T17:37:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Both the public and private sectors shrank their payrolls in October, which caused total employment in New Jersey to drop by 11,700 jobs. The September employment loss was revised down a further 1,500 jobs, to show a monthly drop of 2,700 jobs.
However, three of the state's 10 private-industry sectors posted job gains in October, including construction, with 4,500 jobs, and professional and business services, with 1,200 jobs. But large losses occurred in traditionally strong areas of job growth, like leisure and hospitality, which shed 9,700 jobs; trade, transportation and utilities, which shed 2,700 jobs; and education and health services, which shed 2,100 jobs. Private-sector industries with smaller job decreases included financial activities, which dropped 700 jobs; information, with 600 jobs; and manufacturing, with 400 jobs.
The public sector decreased payrolls at both state and local levels, shedding 2,300 jobs.
"While there were divergent moves across industries in their job counts, we remain above the national numbers in our labor force participation rate and the fraction of our population that is employed," said Charles Steindel, chief economist for the New Jersey Department of Treasury, in a statement. "The large increase in household employment and the labor force reverses some of the recent drops in resident employment and labor force participation." | <urn:uuid:4abf89f4-44d2-46a3-b545-fa197633ed74> | 2013-05-18T17:29:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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NOAA: December Global Ocean Temperature Second Warmest on Record
For the year, 2009 Annual Temperature Tied for Fifth-Warmest
January 21, 2010
The global ocean surface temperature was the second warmest on record for December, according to scientists at NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, N.C. Based on records going back to 1880, the monthly NCDC analysis is part of the suite of climate services NOAA provides. Scientists also reported the combined global land and ocean surface temperature was the eighth warmest on record for December.
For 2009, global temperatures tied with 2006 as the fifth-warmest on record. Also, the earth’s land surface for 2009 was seventh-warmest (tied with 2003) and the ocean surface was fourth-warmest (tied with 2002 and 2004.)
Highlights for December 2009
- The global ocean temperature was the second warmest on record, behind 1997. The temperature anomaly was 0.97 degree F above the 20th century average of 60.4 degrees F.
- The combined global land and ocean surface temperature was the eighth warmest on record, at 0.88 degree F above the 20th century average of 54.0 degrees F.
- The global land surface temperature was 0.63 degree F above the 20th century average of 38.7 degrees F - the coolest December anomaly since 2002.
Global Temperature Highlights for 2009
- For the calendar year 2009, the global combined land and ocean surface temperature of 58.0 degrees F tied with 2006 as the fifth-warmest on record. This value is 1.01 degree F above the 20th century average.
- NCDC scientists also noted the average temperature for the decade (2000-09), 57.9 degrees F, was the warmest on record surpassing the 1990-99 average of 57.7 degrees F. value.
- Arctic sea ice covered an average of 4.8 million square miles during December. This is 6.6 percent below the 1979-2000 average extent and the fourth lowest December extent since records began in 1979.
- Antarctic sea ice extent in December was 2.1 percent above the 1979-2000 average, resulting in the 14th largest December extent on record. December Arctic sea ice extent has decreased by 3.3 percent per decade since 1979, while December Antarctic sea ice extent has increased by 0.6 percent per decade over the same period.
- Northern Hemisphere snow cover during December 2009 was the second largest extent, behind 1985, on record. North American snow cover for December 2009 was the largest extent since satellite records began in 1967.
NCDC’s preliminary reports, which assess the current state of the climate, are released soon after the end of each month. These analyses are based on preliminary data, which are subject to revision. Additional quality control is applied to the data when late reports are received several weeks after the end of the month and as increased scientific methods improve NCDC’s processing algorithms.
Scientists, researchers and leaders in government and industry use NCDC’s monthly reports to help track trends and other changes in the world’s climate. The data have a wide range of practical uses, from helping farmers know what to plant, to guiding resources managers with critical decisions about water, energy and other vital assets.
NOAA understands and predicts changes in the Earth's environment, from the depths of the ocean to the surface of the sun, and conserves and manages our coastal and marine resources. | <urn:uuid:5d709afc-d370-4072-996f-c8a3234be552> | 2013-05-18T17:38:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Norwegian Spirit normally sails from New Orleans during the six-month winter season of November through April before moving to Boston, where it sails to Bermuda, for the other half of the year.
But the 2,018-passenger vessel will instead call New Orleans home year round starting at the end of this year and at least through the remainder of its contract, which expires in April 2012.
The vessel will return to Boston as scheduled from May to September of this year.
Demand for more opportunities to cruise from the Gulf Coast was behind the decision to expand the local cruise offering, a spokeswoman for Norwegian Cruise Line said.
"I think the popularity has a lot do with where the ship goes and the proximity (of New Orleans) to other drive-in regions," Norwegian spokeswoman Courtney Recht said.
Port President Gary LaGrange called the announcement a "huge vote of confidence" in the port and the city.
Before Hurricane Katrina, four ships traveled from New Orleans, including two year round Carnival Cruise Line vessels and one ship each from Norwegian and Royal Caribbean Cruise Line. The latter were both seasonal.
Norwegian currently operates a seven-day cruise that departs New Orleans on Sundays and stops in Costa Maya and Cozumel, Mexico; Santo Tomas De Castillo, Guatemala; and Belize City, Belize. The schedule will remain the same when the ship's stay is extended, except that Guatemala will be replaced by Roatan, Honduras in 2011.
The change means New Orleans will have two cruise lines offering year round cruising. Carnival Cruise Lines' Triumph now operates four-, five-, and seven-day cruises throughout the year.
"I think the fact that we will now have a second ship here year-round with different ports is a real boon," said Bob Wall, president of Vacations at Sea, a local travel agency. "We're delighted. I think it's another good thing for the city.".
According to the port, the extension of the Norwegian schedule could increase passenger traffic by about 58,500.
Bob Bourg, whose company Destination Management Inc. greets cruise passengers at the cruise terminal and offers shuttle service from the terminal to hotels and the airport said the change will bring more work for his firm, which employs about 75 people when the vessel is in town.
"We're very excited," Bourg said. "Instead of doing it for five months, we're going to be doing it for 18 months straight." .
Jaquetta White can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org or 504.826.3494. | <urn:uuid:e67748d1-308e-4672-83e8-533af531873f> | 2013-05-18T17:38:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The man who says he masterminded last week's attack on a BP-operated gas facility in Algeria claimed responsibility in a video.
"We are behind the blessed daring operation in Algeria," says Mokhtar Belmokhtar, a former member of al-Qaida's arm in North Africa. "Forty men from Muslim and Western countries took part in the operation," he continues. "We did it for al-Qaida."
The video is dated Jan. 17, a day after the hostage siege began. But it was only posted Monday on a website called Sahara Media, which often carries jihadi messages. The video contains all the familiar hallmarks of an al-Qaida propaganda film. Belmokhtar is standing in front of an Islamist black banner associated with al-Qaida, and he talks about the crusaders and exacting revenge against France and the United States.
Those signals aside, analysts say he is a different kind of terrorist than the average al-Qaida member. That's because he appears to be as motivated by criminality as he is by ideology.
"Belmokhtar's No. 1 goal is always been making money; he's an opportunist," says Rudy Atallah, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council who used to advise the Office of the Secretary of Defense on counterterrorism efforts in Africa. "And he's gone off on his own ... he still has his own katiba, his own battalion with his own men. ... He's just making sure that everyone knows that he is still a viable threat out there."
Rise Of Splinter Groups
Belmokhtar is a viable threat in spite of the fact that last month U.S. intelligence officials say he left al-Qaida in the Islamic Magreb, or AQIM, al-Qaida's North African affiliate, to start his own group. That's added to confusion: If he left al-Qaida's affiliate, why does he say he launched the attack for al-Qaida in the video? Experts think they have an answer.
"What you will be seeing in the future is ideologically aligned splinter groups that have the al-Qaida DNA in them but may be operating quite independently," says Juan Zarate, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies who used to track transnational crime at the Treasury Department. "I think what you will see and continue to see is a splintering and factionalization of the al-Qaida movement around the world, and it is going to grow more and more difficult to be able to put a pin on the map to determine which group is actually al-Qaida or not."
A New Smoke Screen
It appears that Belmokhtar is testing that new model. U.S. officials say since his split with AQIM he has made clear he wants to go around al-Qaida's local affiliates — and report only to the group's founding leaders, like Ayman al-Zawahiri. The change gives the core al-Qaida a new tool. Now it has people like Belmokhtar and its traditional affiliates to call upon.
What's more, this new wave of al-Qaida adherents is throwing up a smoke screen as to whether al-Qaida was directly involved in the Algeria attack or merely a bystander. If Belmokhtar was behind it, does that mean that al-Qaida wasn't?
In the end, analysts say the labels don't really matter: Whether it is Belmokhtar acting on his own or on behalf of al-Qaida, the end result is the same. | <urn:uuid:388582db-c1bf-49d6-b4a0-9de4cf811ab9> | 2013-05-18T17:59:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Time for a career change? Click here today to get started. | <urn:uuid:83f96c31-3d63-45ca-96b0-afcec258a715> | 2013-05-18T17:58:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Courtesy of the artists
Clockwise from upper left: Neil Young with Patti Smith, Hank Williams, Jimi Hendrix, Neil Young, Maureen Gray.
On this edition of All Songs Considered, poet and singer Patti Smith joins host Bob Boilen to talk about her musical passions, including doing fancy dance steps with her siblings in South Jersey. She talks about meeting Jimi Hendrix as a young journalist and later recording in his dream studio Electric Lady Studios, where she and her band made their latest album, Banga. Smith connects her South Jersey drawl with the sounds of Hank Williams, and plays the songs that make her want to leap out of her seat.
"It's my one regret in all of my work," Smith says. "I don't know if I was ever successful to give the people a song where they had to leap up," But Bob immediately proves her wrong with her 1976 rocker, "Ask the Angels."
As Bob and Patti Smith play songs from the album, she talks about what influenced Banga, why she loves singing and playing Neil Young's songs, and what inspired her to write songs as disparate as a prayer to the Japanese people and Amy Winehouse.
Listen to Smith tell stories about seeing a young Stevie Wonder join Smokey Robinson live on stage, and going to her very first rock concert: The Rolling Stones. | <urn:uuid:21244f85-7d5c-4400-99be-7820c27a051c> | 2013-05-18T17:17:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Al Freeman Jr. Remembered For Soaps To Spike Lee
JACKI LYDEN, HOST:
Now, from Olympic legacies to Hollywood legacies, we want to take a moment to pay tribute to a pioneer actor and director, Al Freeman, Jr. Freeman is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Nation of Islam leader, Elijah Muhammad in Spike Lee's 1992 epic film "Malcolm X." Freeman's performance won him an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Motion Picture.
(SOUNDBITE OF MOVIE, "MALCOLM X")
AL FREEMAN, JR.: (As Elijah Muhammad) Islam is the only religion that addresses the needs and problems of the so-called negro in America.
LYDEN: There was a resemblance between Al Freeman, Jr. and Elijah Muhammad that surprised Spike Lee, the film's director. Here's Lee in a 2005 NPR interview.
SPIKE LEE: Al Freeman, Jr. is a wonderful - he's a great actor. Again, it was the soul of the performance, not just the resemblance.
LYDEN: Al Freeman, Jr. got his start on Broadway, earning critical acclaim for his performance in James Baldwin's "Blues for Mr. Charlie" and Al Freeman, Jr. was the first leading African-American male character on the soap opera, "One Life to Live." He won a Daytime Emmy for the role of Captain Ed Hall in 1979, the first black actor to do so. He also became the first African-American to direct a soap opera.
Freeman's other TV credits include "The Cosby Show," "Law and Order," "Homicide: Life On the Street," and "The Edge of the Night." Most recently, Al Freeman, Jr. taught theater at Howard University in Washington and served as chairman and artistic director of its theater arts department.
The veteran actor died at the age of 78 late Friday night. The cause of death hasn't been determined.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by a contractor for NPR, and accuracy and availability may vary. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Please be aware that the authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio. | <urn:uuid:1485ca77-dff0-4582-a88d-c9d72923aafe> | 2013-05-18T17:22:28Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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III. More Women Arrive
In August of 1609, about twenty women arrived on ships sent by the Virginia Company of London. One hundred more women arrived a few months later. Many of the female passengers on the first ships were traveling with their husbands and families. All were recruited by the Virginia Company, a land-development, stock-issuing corporation based in London.
For the most part these women’s names are lost, but a few survive in the records. Temperance Flowerdew Yeardley, wife of Captain George Yeardley, landed in 1609 and survived the ensuing “starving time.” The Yeardleys returned to England in 1618 at which time King James I knighted George Yeardley. In 1619 they returned to Virginia, where Sir George was appointed Colonial Governor of Virginia. The Yeardleys became one of the most prominent families in Virginia, owning a large plantation named Flowerdew Hundred, which was Temperance’s surname prior to marriage.
Joan Pierce sailed with her husband William and daughter Jane. By all accounts, Joan was a dauntless woman and enjoyed the challenges of living in Virginia. During a visit to England in 1629, she was described as “an honest and industrious woman [who] hath been [in Virginia] nearly 20 years.” She apparently considered the new colony rich in resources; she was quoted as saying that “she can keep a better house in Virginia . . . than in London.”(1)
Her daughter, Jane Pierce, married John Rolfe, the widower of Pocahontas. Pocahontas had been the favored daughter of Chief Powhatan, and her marriage to Rolfe in 1614 brought over eight years of peace between the settlers and Native Americans, during which the colony was able to produce profitable tobacco. Pocahontas died in England in 1617, and Rolfe returned to Jamestown. He became active in colonial politics and married Jane Pierce later that year. They had one daughter, Elizabeth, also named for the powerful Virgin Queen.(2)
Thomasine Causey sailed to Virginia in 1609 to be with her husband who had made the trip a year before. The specifics of her family and voyage are not known, but many women were in the same situation: while their men took off for the New World, women supported their families and managed the finances. Before leaving England to join their husbands, these women made the decisions about selling property and planning for the long voyage. | <urn:uuid:871dbc7b-fa34-484a-82f6-c4316cf810d0> | 2013-05-18T17:49:28Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Duel in European History: Honour and the Reign of Aristocracy
by V.G. Kiernan
Oxford University Press, 348 pp., $14.95 (paper)
Victor Kiernan is one of the most versatile of British historians. He has written learned monographs on British Diplomacy in China, 1880–1885, on Metcalfe’s Mission to Lahore, 1808–1809, on The Revolution of 1854 in Spanish History, on American imperialism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, on imperialism generally, and on state and society in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He has also written about Wordsworth, nineteenth-century England, central Asia, Africa, India and Pakistan, and about relations between Portugal and Britain. He has translated volumes of Urdu poetry.
The story goes that he was once asked by a journal for an article on British imperialism in China. He replied that he had rather lost interest in that subject, but he could let them have a piece on the Jesuits in Paraguay. The article they finally got was on English Evangelicism and the French Revolution. What we are all waiting for is his big book on Shakespeare.
The Duel in European History ranges through recorded history, from Gilgamesh, Homer, and Beowulf to the present century. “What has been remembered of the duel,” Kiernan begins, “has been mostly of an anecdotal kind”; and at first sight his seems an anecdotal book. It is stuffed with excellent anecdotes, but there is a steady and consistent theme running through it, implicit rather than explicit. In trying to draw this theme from the material I have quoted freely, since I cannot match Kiernan’s incisive prose. The duel for Kiernan is a conflict between two men, usually accompanied by an “elaborate etiquette…upheld by ‘seconds.’ ” It was, he writes,
amidst the chronic warfare of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that the modern duel took shape. During that time of transition from medieval to modern, State power and the reign of law were being established by absolutist monarchy; but aristocracy, its half-brother, survived in altered guise, a permanent anachronism, and often canker, in the life of Europe. Private warfare between baronial families or factions was suppressed with difficulty; in France in the second half of the sixteenth century, with religious combustibles added, it flared up into civil war. Madrid in the next century was still disturbed by brawling among noblemen and their retinues…. Compared with these manifestations of the unruly aristocratic temper, the duel can be viewed as an advance towards a more limited trespass on law and order. It can be viewed too as a more decent reprisal than assassination, the poisoning of opponents for instance so much a matter of use and wont in the Italy of the Borgias.
By comparison with the blood feud and gang warfare, or with judicial trial by combat, “a well-conducted duel might be deemed part of a civilizing process.” But the emphasis here is on “well-conducted”: a certain level of political organization and enforcement of order is an essential preliminary.
So for Kiernan the duel assumed the ascendancy of aristocratic classes, military by vocation or “at least never forgetful of a sword-bearing ancestry.” Liability … | <urn:uuid:620abd64-8a8f-4a76-9e5d-6976b952f9af> | 2013-05-18T17:19:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Nigella Lawson recently spoke of her worries about whether she was good enough as a mother, saying: "One is always aware of what one isn't doing right."
Now it appears that any skills she may have as a parent were learned in spite of, rather than because of, the way she was treated by her own mother.
The 52-year-old television cook, who has two teenage children, has revealed that she was physically abused by her mother when she was a child.
A violent and depressed woman, Vanessa Salmon - who was married to Conservative politician Nigel Lawson, the former Chancellor - would lash out when her children made too much noise, Lawson said.
She said she faced her mother's wrath because she "just didn't like me".
Lawson, who is married to 69-year-old art collector Charles Saatchi, was 25 when her mother died of liver cancer aged 48.
In the past she's spoken about how her mum inspired some of her signature dishes, including a "praised chicken", the smell and taste of which "says 'family' to me and my siblings, and brings our long-absent mother back to the kitchen and the table with us".
However, she has now revealed that her relationship with her mum was complicated and abusive.
"I never thought I could please her," said Lawson, one of four kids.
"She was funny but depressed and so sensitive to noise. The sound of a plastic bag being crinkled would send her deranged. She'd shout at all of us and say, 'I'm going to hit you till you cry', and so I never would cry. I still don't.
"It wasn't a calculated thing; it was hot-blooded hitting, a thrashing out of things. Once she had to stop hitting Dominic [Nigella's brother] as she hurt her hand.
"She just didn't like me; maybe because I came after Dominic the princeling and I was my father's girl she was jealous, I don't know.
"I would say I'm sorry for whatever it was, some mess, and she'd say, 'Why do you think being inconsiderate is an excuse?'
"It was like children of alcoholic parents who know right away when they've been drinking, we always would know in an instant if it was going to be bad."
Lawson, who studied at Oxford University and is estimated to have earned £15million from her cookery career, had a far closer relationship with her father, who divorced his wife in 1980. She said Lord Lawson was a relaxed parent, who would congratulate her on being a terror at school but well-behaved at home.
He also encouraged the teenage Lawson to have a drink of whisky with him as she studied for her A-levels because he did not like drinking alone, she said.
Lawson has faced plenty of personal tragedy in her life.
Her younger sister, Thomasina, died from breast cancer at 32, and her first husband, journalist John Diamond, died of throat cancer in 2001, aged 41. She had her two children with him, Cosima, now 18, and Bruno, 16.
Dismissing suggestions that she flirts on screen, she said her complicated childhood had led to her developing a relentless need to please people.
- DAILY MAIL | <urn:uuid:183252ab-4c9d-42d3-9ccf-cc595f3c3ea0> | 2013-05-18T18:07:40Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A father who had a pretend gunfight with his three-year-old daughter at their suburban Auckland home sparked an armed offenders squad callout when a neighbour called police.
Chris Graham's neighbour has since apologised, saying she "misread" the situation.
Graham walked out of Waitakere District Court today with a conviction and discharge over the incident on January 4 this year.
The court was told Graham, his pregnant wife and their three-year-old daughter Brooklyn were stopped at a police roadblock while on their way to dinner about an hour after the game at their west Auckland home.
Graham was initially charged with unlawfully carrying an imitation firearm but the charge was downgraded to disorderly behaviour when he appeared in court today.
The father of two pleaded guilty to the reduced charge and walked free.
The court was told Graham had been a bit agitated when he got home because someone threw a bottle at his van on the North-Western motorway and smashed a window.
Graham's lawyer Roger Chambers said his client had "a song and dance about it" when he got home but then began playing with Brooklyn.
He was holding a broken paintball gun while Brooklyn had a water pistol.
But a concerned neighbour saw Graham with the gun and phoned police.
"The whole thing was a misrepresentation by the neighbour who has since apologised and said she misread the situation," Mr Chambers said.
Judge John Adams said he accepted Graham was agitated when he got home and that there was a "basis" for the neighbour's concern.
"As it turns out there was never any danger to anybody."
He convicted and discharged Graham.
Outside court Graham said he was relieved that the case was over. He said he was glad he did not plead to the original charge because he has plans to travel to the US one day and a firearms charge could have caused problems.
"I'm just glad to get back on track and focus on work, work hard for the kids."
Graham said that in hindsight, police should never have laid charges but he did not hold a grudge.
"I respect them. I have no problem with the police at all. That's their job."
The pool-cover installer said he was now saving to buy a house.
Since being pulled over by armed police, his wife Sheridyn Rawlins has given birth to Bentley who is now five months old.
But Brooklyn, who turns 5 in May, still clearly remembers the time when armed police sealed her street off.
"I want my daughter to know that the police are there to help but every time she sees a police officer she asks: 'Dad, has he got a gun?"
Waitakere police Inspector Rod Fraser said police had to treat any reports of people with firearms as serious.
"Until we know otherwise, then we always treat them seriously and it may on occasion result in the Armed Offenders Squad or armed police being deployed."
- APNZBy Edward Gay @edwardgay Email Edward | <urn:uuid:205383e4-4636-456a-8b94-2295e6655aa6> | 2013-05-18T17:28:22Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Todd Woodbridge expects to learn plenty about the short-term future of Australian men's tennis when the country's top ranked players Marinko Matosevic and Bernard Tomic clash at the Sydney International today.
In a rare all-Australian showdown at an ATP event, the No 49-ranked Matosevic takes on 64th-ranked Tomic in a high-stakes encounter for a spot in the quarter-finals.
They have never met in an ATP match but have loads of history in lower tiers, including a 2008 clash in Perth where Tomic was ordered off the court by his father and coach John over a foot-fault dispute involving Matosevic.
Bernard Tomic later received a ban and was fined $1500.
While director of Australian men's tennis Woodbridge insists there's no lingering acrimony, describing the pair as "reasonably good mates", he said the match would put the spotlight on their psyche.
"I think the story is more about which one handles the situation and who enjoys the pressure and spotlight," Woodbridge said.
While the match and its result is sure to be of interest to Australian Davis Cup captain Pat Rafter, the conduct of the pair will also matter.
Matosevic was left out of Australia's Davis Cup World Group playoff against Germany in September because of perceived attitude problems, while Tomic has been suspended for next month's opening tie with Taiwan after upsetting Rafter.
The pair had an otherwise contrasting 2012 season.
Matosevic, 27, enjoyed a swift rise from world No 203 at the start of the year while Tomic came back to earth with a thud, slipping from No 27.
Woodbridge said expectations had risen considerably for both.
"Marinko is the sort of player we now know who can reach quarters, semis, finals of this kind of tournament as he did throughout last year," he said.
"And this is the kind of tournament that Bernard needs to win - that's his next stage." | <urn:uuid:fc3fe16b-4da4-4fe1-94ab-21508ee87f6b> | 2013-05-18T17:50:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Witnessing a hawk snatch a songbird off your birdfeeder can be quite a shock. Although most of us understand the food chain, backyard birders would prefer these sharks of the sky get their meals elsewhere.
Sharp-shinned and Cooper's Hawks are the two most common birds of prey that visit birdfeeders in urban Orange County, says Biologist Scott Thomas, who runs raptor research for the local Sea & Sage Audubon Society.
Cooper's Hawks' numbers have grown significantly in California as they adapted to finding prey at birdfeeders and nesting in urban areas.
BRUCE CHAMBERS, THE ORANGE COUNTY REGISTER
"Sharp-shinned Hawks are migrants and visit our area from October through March or April, while Cooper's Hawks are here year-round," Thomas said.
Both are fast, agile fliers that can maneuver around buildings and trees in a surprise attack. Both species prey chiefly on small birds, while the Cooper's Hawk includes some small mammals in its diet.
"About 25 years ago, Cooper's Hawks were on California's special concern list," he said. "At that time they were not very common in neighborhoods."
But their numbers have grown significantly as they adapted to finding prey at birdfeeders and nesting in urban areas, he said.
"We've tracked them and found the hawks actually fly a circuit every day, going from feeder to feeder," Thomas said. That means once a raptor finds a meal at a feeder, it will likely return.
While you can't always protect your backyard birds from an aerial attack, you can give your songbirds an edge by taking a few precautions.
"Hang your feeders in a tree so the birds have a better chance of escape," Thomas said. "And don't put feeders up against a window where the small birds may become panicked and fly into it."
Add a baffle or an umbrella-type cover over the feeder so the birds will be less visible from aerial predators. And remove dead branches from the trees on your property where hawks may perch for hunting.
If a hawk has become a real menace to your backyard birds, take the feeder down for a few weeks. The hawk will move on, but it may also return when the feeder birds return. Keep in mind that this cycle of life will go on whether you have a backyard feeder or not.
And to help protect the health of all birds in your yard, Thomas recommends cleaning feeders and birdbaths regularly with 10 percent bleach solution. Hawks are susceptible to certain diseases typically transmitted at birdfeeders.
Jennifer J. Meyer is a freelance writer from Mission Viejo. Write to her at firstname.lastname@example.org or visit her blog at jjthebackyardbirder.blogspot.com. | <urn:uuid:1fa46883-125b-4550-8bb7-c0c247de4695> | 2013-05-18T17:49:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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STEUBENVILLE, Ohio (AP) -- A 16-year-old boy is being held by police in eastern Ohio, accused of gunning down two young men in an apartment parking lot this week.
Police in Steubenville said 21-year-old Ryan Toson and 19-year-old Otavius Wilson were found wounded in the lot Wednesday night after shots rang out in the area. They were pronounced dead later at a hospital.
The 16-year-old boy was arrested early Thursday and appeared in court for a detention hearing later in the day. Police said they were still trying to determine a motive.
A police official said the juvenile's criminal record includes assault and theft charges. | <urn:uuid:f2f27960-61b5-491a-afeb-5b839202ca14> | 2013-05-18T17:37:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Find better matches with our advanced matching system
25 / M / Straight / Single
About personality traits
Personality traits are based on answers to Match Questions as compared to the OkCupid population.
The length of a bar represents how strong that trait is and how confident Staff Robot is in the analysis.
For example, joeshmo421 appears to be more sex-driven than straight men his age.
He might be… | <urn:uuid:cd232ccf-9ead-47e0-ad7d-9463046fef22> | 2013-05-18T17:51:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Find better matches with our advanced matching system
45 / F / Straight / Single
About personality traits
Personality traits are based on answers to Match Questions as compared to the OkCupid population.
The length of a bar represents how strong that trait is and how confident Staff Robot is in the analysis.
For example, mimi1027 appears to be more kinky than straight women her age.
She might be… | <urn:uuid:1a28aa41-6c2b-43d2-ad6c-b63fb7ce9ec6> | 2013-05-18T17:30:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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44 / M / Straight / Single
Saint Louis, Missouri
pbwizard's public match questions
Are you happy with your life?
Did you ever have a "goth" phase?
Do you wear a seatbelt when you ride in an automobile?
If a significant other requested that you stop shaving or using other means of hair removal, is this something you would seriously consider?
Are you currently employed?
Would you ever consider cutting a partner (who asked for it) in sexual play?
Beards - cool or ugly?
Would you date a transgender person?
What's the most off-putting or unattractive? | <urn:uuid:c6a0be8e-8e12-40bb-9be1-9e590329e2a6> | 2013-05-18T17:22:06Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Classification of Nouns
Nouns are categorized by vowels and consonants they include. For the consonants they include nouns are categorized in two groups: 15 Nouns and 16 Nouns. For the vowels they include nouns are categorized in 5 groups: a, ä; å, ø; o, ö; u, y; i, e.
15 Nouns: the first consonant of these nouns are h, j, m, n, r, s, s'
16 Nouns: the first consonant of there nouns are c, d, l, p, t, v, l'
Categorizing by vowels depends on how many syllable noun has and what is the vowel in the syllable we have to use.
If a noun has 2 syllable we use the vowel of the second syllable
If a noun has 3 syllable we use the vowel of the third syllable
If a noun has 4 syllable we use the vowel of the second syllable
ıf a noun has 5 or more syllable we use the vowel of the syllable before the last syllable.
Vowel in a syllable can be a single vowel or a diphthong. If the syllable contains a diphthong, we choose the vowel we will use according to following rules:
If there is "u" or "y" we use them,
If there is a back vowel and "i" we use the back vowel,
If there is a front vowel and "i" we use "i",
In other diphthongs we use the first vowel.Definite Articles
Vi Söllidäävin has10 definite articles. All definite articles are 2 letters. First is a consonant, second a vowel.
If a noun is a 15 noun, the first letter of the article is "v"
If a noun is a 16 noun, the first letter of the article is "s"
we add the vowel according to the rules above to these consonants and make the article.
E.g.: tyycciön has 2 syllable. we will use the second syllable and the vowels in it are i and ö. "ö" is a front vowel this means we will use "i". And it is a 16 noun. With these knowledges the article is "si". Si Tyycciön.
More examples: vo riol, su vuun, va raceslain, ve hiynnen.
We have to use the root word to decide the article of the noun. In a sentence if a noun takes a prefix, that noun does not take article. We use definite article when the noun does not take prefixes and indefinite article.Indefinite Article
Vi Söllidäävin has 1 indefinite article and it is a suffix. We add "-me" to the noun. And if a noun takes this suffix, it does not take definite article.
E.g.: noidame → a love | <urn:uuid:4f2b4892-3258-465a-b222-702ca9785491> | 2013-05-18T17:18:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The War of Independence
The violent confrontations between Jews and Arabs in the land of Israel started in the early 1920s. For the most part, the Jews defended themselves against attacks by the Arabs. The Hagana was responsible for defense of the Jewish community, and sometimes British armed forces intervened to end the violence.
The Hagana was established in 1920 primarily as a regional organization; in each settlement its members were responsible for its own defense. Every Jewish resident of the land of Israel was eligible to join, the main condition being the person's ability to keep the organization's activities secret. At first the Hagana's limited mobility hindered its capability to carry out attacks. After the 1921 uprisings the Hagana expanded by drafting new members, conducting courses for commanders and accelerating weapons' acquisition. Armaments were purchased abroad or manufactured in factories located primarily in kibbutzim. The Hagana was under the authority of the elected governing institutions of the yishuv (Jewish community in the land of Israel.)
In 1936 there was an Arab uprising which called for liberation from British rule. They attacked British forces and Jews as well. In the course of the revolt the British recommended a solution: To divide the land into two states — Arab and Jewish (the Peel Commission Report). The Arab leadership rejected the proposal of partition. The yishuv leadership accepted the principle of partition but opposed the borders suggested by the commission.
At the end of World War II, in spite of revelations about the scope of the Jewish Holocaust in Europe and the murder of millions of Jews, Britain refused to permit the establishment of a Jewish state. In postwar Europe there were over 100,000 Jewish refugees who could not return to their homes, but the British refused to allow them to immigrate to the land of Israel. The yishuv fought the decision. Britain, whose resources had been drained by the war, turned the issue of the land of Israel over to the United Nations; the organization appointed a special committee which once more recommended partition as a solution to the problem.
On November 29, 1947, the UN General Assembly, by a large majority, approved the resolution calling for two independent states to be established alongside each other in the land of Israel (Resolution 181). Members of the Jewish community danced in the streets to celebrate but shortly afterward Palestinian Arabs and volunteers from Arab countries that rejected the partition plan attacked, and the war began.
The Civil War: December 1947-May 1948 The war that began on November 29, 1947 is known as the War of Independence because it resulted in independence for the Jewish community in the land of Israel, in spite of the fact that at the beginning local Arabs, and then armies from Arab countries tried to prevent it.
Local Arab troops and volunteers attacked isolated Jewish communities, Jews in cities with mixed populations and the roads. They also employed terror tactics — all Jewish people, settlements and property were considered to be legitimate targets. The most serious terror attacks were against the Haifa oil refineries, where 39 Jews were murdered in December 1947.
At the time Hagana tactics were primarily defensive or focused on specific objectives. Because of Arab attacks, various areas of the yishuv were cut off from the center and became isolated. The Hagana tried to supply besieged areas by means of clandestine convoys. These convoys became the foci of armed confrontations between Jews and Arabs, but in spite of everything, no Jewish settlement was abandoned.
Dozens of fighters were killed in attempts to relieve isolated communities. The main efforts were dedicated to bringing supplies to the besieged city of Jerusalem, and this resulted in many victims. In memory of these martyrs, Haim Gouri wrote the poem Bab El-Wad which is the Arabic name for Sha'ar Ha-Gai [gate to the valley] —; a strategic point where convoys began the climb from the coastal plains to the hills of Jerusalem.
The Catastrophe [An-Nakbeh] 1948
On November 29, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 181, which calls for the partition of Palestine into two states, Arab and Jewish. This was the start of the countdown for the establishment of the state of Israel on May 15, 1948 and the 1948 Catastrophe, which uprooted and dispersed the Palestinian people.
The Catastrophe was: 1) the defeat of the Arab armies in the 1948 Palestine War; 2) their acceptance of the truce; 3) the displacement of most of the Palestinian people from their cities and villages; and 4) the emergence of the refugee problem and the Palestinian Diaspora.
First and foremost, Britain bears responsibility for the defeat of the Palestinian Arab people in 1948. It received the mandate for Palestine from the League of Nations in 1917, and from the beginning of its occupation of Palestine until it relinquished the territory on May 15, 1948, Britain did all it could to suppress the Palestinian people and to arrest and deport their leaders. The British did not allow Palestinians to exercise their right to defend themselves and their land against the Zionist movement. It suppressed the popular uprisings (intifadas) which followed one after another beginning in 1920 (including those of 1921, 1929, 1930, 1935 and 1936). The rulers considered all forms of Palestinian resistance to be illegal acts of terrorism, extremism and fanaticism, and issued unjust laws against every Palestinian who carried arms or ammunition. Punishments included: "Six years in prison for possessing a revolver, twelve years for a grenade, five years of hard labor for possessing twelve bullets and eighteen months for giving false information to a group of soldiers asking for directions."
However, Britain did allow Zionist immigration to Palestine, which led to an economic crisis because of the increasing number of Jews in the land. Britain permitted the Zionist movement to form military forces, such as the Haganah and Etzel and others. Members carried out bombings in Jerusalem, fired on British soldiers and smuggled arms, immigrants, and more.
But that wasn't the end of the story. The British allowed the Zionist movement to have its own armed brigade attached to the British Army. It took part in battles of World War II, thereby acquiring training and experience in the techniques of war. In 1939 ten detachments of Zionist settlement police were formed, each led by a British officer — altogether 14,411 men. There were 700 policemen in Tel Aviv and 100 in Haifa, all of whom were members of the Haganah. By 1948 most Jews over the age of 14 had already undergone military training. For these reasons they were militarily superior to the Palestinians during the '48 war.
In 1946 one British commander in Palestine told an American journalist that: "If we withdraw British forces, the Haganah will control all of Palestine tomorrow." The journalist asked him if the Haganah could maintain its control of Palestine under such circumstances. He replied: "Certainly, they could do so even if they had to confront the entire Arab world."
Before the war broke out and just before they withdrew, the British either turned a blind eye, or actually conspired with the Zionists who seized British arms and equipment. This strengthened the Zionist movement's superiority over the Palestinians.
It is worth mentioning that when Britain relinquished its Palestinian Mandate to the UN, it was a very influential member of the international organization. The partition resolution 181 was a revival of the partition plan proposed by Britain in the aftermath of the 1936 Revolution.
After Britain, the Arabs and their leaders had the lion's share of responsibility for the defeat. Their war was like a heroic drama, whose hero was a British military officer — Glubb Pasha — who commanded the Transjordanian Arab troops in the war. The Arab armies did not take up their roles in the theater of war until the strength of the Palestinian people was virtually exhausted. | <urn:uuid:0ff7cba3-feb8-451a-acc8-03479a339f67> | 2013-05-18T17:37:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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You know the drill. Your teenager asks for help on his math homework. Although you feel exhausted from the day's activities and still have more tasks to complete before bedtime, you agree to help. Before you know it, you are the one trying to decipher a complex algebra problem while your child is in the next room chatting online with a friend.
If you supervise other people, you probably have had the experience of giving one of your employees a task to fulfill, and later when you check up on the assignment, your employee says, "I put it aside because I didn't understand how to...." So you patiently explain how to solve the problem. A few days later your employee offers another excuse for not completing the job. With your own deadline approaching, you reason silently, it would be easier if you just did the task yourself. So you do!
Or maybe you receive a letter from your accountant in January reminding you that "April 15 is just around the corner," encouraging you to fill out the enclosed questionnaire to aid in the preparation of your tax return. So you spend most of a Saturday with a calculator and stacks of files, answering questions about earned income, deductions, losses, and gains. Suddenly it dawns on you: Wait a minute. Why am I spending hundreds of dollars for an accountant when I'm the one doing all the work?
If similar incidents have ever happened to you, you are a victim of "upward delegation." We become victims of upward delegation whenever we allow a subordinate to give a job back to us that belongs to him. We are guilty of practicing upward delegation whenever we give back to a superior a job that he has assigned to us.
In our spiritual lives, we are often the perpetrators of upward delegation — and God is the victim. We give back to Him assignments He has given to us.
For example, maybe a single mother in your small group at church mentions a specific request during prayer time:
"My car recently lost its transmission, and I don't have the money for the necessary repairs. Without the car I can't get to work. Would you pray that God would provide the money for the repair work?"
So you pray aloud, "God, we know that You own the cattle on a thousand hills. Nothing is too hard for You. Please, Lord, answer our dear sister's request so that she can have a car and be able to provide for her family's financial needs. In Jesus' name, amen."
However, your small group really doesn't need God's help in the matter.
Each person in your group has the ability to contribute at least $50 dollars to the cause; together you probably could cover the entire bill. But instead of passing the hat, you have collectively chosen to pass the responsibility to God. You have given Him a job that He has already given to you.
Consider carefully what James wrote to his fellow Christians:
"If a brother or sister is without clothing and in need of daily food, and one of you says to them, 'Go in peace, be warmed and be filled,' and yet you do not give them what is necessary for their body, what use is that? Even so faith, if it has no works, is dead, being by itself," (2:15-17)
Or maybe you have a family member who is not a Christian. For years you have been praying for his salvation: "Lord, please provide an opportunity for him to hear the gospel so that he might escape an eternity of separation from You."
Tears stream down your face as you imagine your loved one engulfed in the flames of hell. Yet, in spite of your sincere interest in your family member's eternal future, you have never mustered up the courage to share the gospel with him. Instead, you've asked God to do the task that He has already assigned to you.
Sure, God could miraculously shout the Four Spiritual Laws from heaven or supernaturally switch the television program your loved one is watching from Friends to an evangelistic crusade. But God's preferred plan is for you to explain the way of salvation to your family member.
"How then will they call on Him in whom they have not believed? How will they believe in Him whom they have not heard? And how will they hear without a preacher?...So faith comes from hearing, and hearing by the word of Christ" (Romans 10:14,17).
One more example. Frustrated with a mediocre spiritual life and hungry for something more in your relationship with God, you pray, "God, I am tired of living a life of continual defeat and disappointment. I need to experience Your power in my life. I'm tired of fighting by myself. If anything supernatural is going to happen, You are going to have to do it. Lord, fill me with Your Holy Spirit. I pray in Jesus' name, amen."
Have you ever prayed such a prayer? If so, you have once again practiced "upward delegation." When we ask God to fill us with the Holy Spirit, we are handing back to God a responsibility He has given to us.
God commands us to "Be filled with the Spirit," (Ephesians 5:18). Contrary to popular thought, the filling of the Holy Spirit is not something God does for us, but something He has commanded us to do for ourselves.
In this month's series I WANT MORE! on Pathway To Victory radio (www.ptv.org), we are going to discover what we can do to experience the Holy Spirit's power in every part of our lives.
(Adapted from I WANT MORE! by Robert Jeffress, Waterbrook Press, 2003)
This complete sermon series not only includes the same four sermon messages from What Jesus Really Said, it also includes three sermons not heard on radio due to airtime restrictions. In the series Jesus’ Favorite Stories, Dr. Robert Jeffress guides you through the parables of Jesus, drawing out practical and challenging applications to guide you, as a believer, in your walk with Christ.In addition to the CD-album, you will receive the parable prayer card called, What Jesus really Said | Parables for Life. | <urn:uuid:a2ebf48f-9638-4123-9207-850b96f59365> | 2013-05-18T17:52:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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However, section 1687 of the "Goldstone Report" presents that, "indeed, Palestinian armed groups, among them Hamas, have publicly expressed their intention to target Israel civilians". claimed responsibility for the deaths of each of the Israeli civilians killed by rocket fired during the operations in Gaza".
This begs the question: If Hamas weapon's suffer from inaccuracy, maybe the information that was given to Goldstone is also off target?
I remember the first time that I heard about Sapir college was when I was traveling in the United States after the army. When I asked about the whereabouts of the college, a friend replied, "It is a nice place next to Sderot. However, the situation is a little strange. Rockets are launched towards the city daily". I did not know what lay ahead for me at Sapir College, but I decided that I would take the risk. After all, I figured something would be done, eventually, to stop the rockets.
Eight years have passed since the first rocket was launched towards Sderot. The situation has not changed, I was wrong. More than ten thousand kassam missiles, grad, and mortar shells have been fired from Gaza, of which eighty-four fell in Sderot during Operation Cast Lead. Moreover, the "military installations" Hamas speaks of are nowhere to be found in the city. Where exactly were the rockets intended to fall?
I have witnessed firsthand the "mistakes" that have not only produced several deaths, but continue to affect hundreds, if not a thousands, of people with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSD) as a result of the constant threat of incoming rocket attacks to the city.
What has been the result of the poor aiming capabilities of Hamas rockets?
As a student in Sderot, I awoke every morning to begin the usual routine of my day. However, my routine was not morning coffee and a newspaper. My routine, drenched with fear, caution, and preparation for the next rocket aimed towards my city, was different than the average student from other areas of the world.
Like clockwork, I was awoken at the same time, with the same target hit, and with the same color red alarm. This alarm notified me that I had only 15 seconds to take cover of my life. As I ran to the nearest bomb shelter, I passed the same children on their way to school. Once inside the crammed shelter, I heard the whistle.
That whistle of a rocket falling to my direction quickly became an all too familiar sound. Maybe this time the rocket will fall in my neighborhood? Maybe this time it will land in the home of someone that I know?
While waiting in a bomb shelter, praying for safety, the fire continued. It was not one rocket, or one "mistake", that came to my direction. Many mistakes were fired towards me through the city. According to the Sderot Media Center, "Palestinian rockets directly hit more than 1,500 Israeli homes and buildings in the south. Three synagogues were hit, in addition to nine educational facilities, which include high schools, kindergartens, and elementary schools.
Can these cases actually be a malfunction in Hamas' original plan?
After a day full of color red alarms, or after three weeks of 140 alarms during the Operation, the residents of Sderot and myself gathered to listen to the news. We heard about the mistakes that hit our loved one's homes, the mistakes that kept children from going to school the next day, and the mistakes that are expected to continue.
As a student and as a resident, we had to use our nights to recover from our day. There was homework to be done, relationships to build, our homes that we needed to continue to keep alive. We had to continue to live. However, our nights were full of their mistakes as well, for the nightly news had the highest Sderot ratings, and Hamas chose without fail to use that time for mistakes as well.
Maybe I shouldn't complain, for if Hamas had indeed aimed correctly, the extent of the destruction, the mental disorders, the loss of hope would be far greater. With that, I must say I have luck. Last week Hamas issued a statement saying that the rocket attacks on Israel were not aimed at civilian centers in Israel, only military ones. | <urn:uuid:4ba284c7-51bf-4afb-b9d5-00daface1811> | 2013-05-18T18:06:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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First, let's get one thing straight. The correct term is "absolute" pitch, not "perfect" pitch. If you are a music lover, what follows here could conceivably save you from being bilked - ironically, by another kind of perfect pitch .
First of all, what we will be talking about here is "absolute pitch," which is the correct term for a certain kind of musical talent. Let's begin by talking about what absolute pitch means, and if it is a blessing "or a curse. How can it be a curse? Ask any professional musician, particularly a player of what is called a transposing instrument. Simply stated, a transposing instrument does not sound the note that is written. (We should quit this part while we're ahead!)
Absolute pitch refers to the innate ability of someone to recognize the letter name of a pitch , without any frame of reference. Is that impressive? Ask any professional musician. The answer may surprise you!
An individual hears a pitch - "daaaaaah" and says "That's an F sharp! And he or she is right! It IS F# ! "VOILA!" If someone uses that French exclamation as a retort to that particular show of talent, it's very likely sarcasm. It's another way of saying "So what!!"
All musicians will tell you that a far more important and necessary talent is having a strong sense of "relative" pitch, which means that someone can hear a pitch - "daaaaaah" and immediately say "That's an F sharp!" and be right, IF he or she has a frame of reference; specifically another pitch.
This is a necessary ability a competent musician must possess, but you are not apt to hear one sing "daaaaaah" and proclaim "That's an A flat!" Indeed, a real musician will cast an openly snide smile at such a performer. (This, of course, does not include students at a music school.
Here is an interesting fact: In an orchestra, the players "tune up" to the note "A" which is played by the principal oboist as a reference. After hearing that tuning note countless times, most players have it memorized, in the sense that its pitch is burned into their psyches. Thus, they have a referential pitch in their noggins and could possibly fake having "perfect pitch at parties, if they wished. (Some just might do that, if they had a couple of drinks and were not dealing with cognoscenti.)
What this all adds up to is this. A strong sense of relative pitch is an important prerequisite for all musicians. BUT THERE IS A SCENARIO WHERE ABSOLUTE PITCH IS HELPFUL, IF NOT NECESSARY.
Singers are musicians (a good share of the time) and if a singer is performing something called "atonal" music, absolute pitch is almost a must.
Ah me, how can I explain this"Let's just say that music is predominantly "tonal" which means any one of the black and white piano keys may serve as a "home base" that the others play games with.
In atonal music, there is no "home base." So vocalists are helped immensely by a strong sense of absolute pitch! Okay, I can hear you saying "strong sense?" Look, if athletes can produce varying degrees of skill, why not musicians? Absolute pitch occurs in varying degrees of acuteness. (But please"let me escape from this hole that I've dug. Thanks.)
Now, here's the part that many nervous investors are waiting for. Did you spend a lot of dough because someone advertised that you can develop "perfect pitch" with the help of an expensive set of CD's to train your musical ear "to acquire it?" And were you told that your newly acquired musical skills would enable you to do an assortment of wonderful musical things, such as recognizing harmonies (chord changes?) Did you invest? Do you feel that all the money you spent on those training CD's so that you might have "perfect pitch" paid off? Did you swallow all those ecstatic testimonials by new "perfect pitchers?"
I'll end my tirade with two words: Caveat Emptor! *
Look, even if you could acquire absolute pitch it does not do all of those wonderful things you were told. Just enjoy and love the music with the ears that you were given.
It's great to improve your listening skills, but don't count on "perfect pitch." (and save your $$$)
* Buyer Beware! | <urn:uuid:6db9a2a5-9406-4cdc-9e70-55f176af96ae> | 2013-05-18T17:58:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Before I begin, can you please summarise how you understand what it is that I'm saying? You seem to be angry with me but I have no way of actually knowing what it is that you actually think I am saying. I don't mind rudeness even though, believe it or not, I spend great care and a lot of hours on my posts. I get that Philosophy isn't for the feint of heart. If you want to summarise what you think it is I am saying then I think it will be easier(at least it will be for me) for us to communicate. Otherwise it seems we're just shouting at each other for no reason. Regardless, I will start my post by giving you the same courtesy...
The way I understand what your writing philosophically is that you're inadvertently conflating static quality with 'relative' and 'change' because you figure 'Dynamic Quality will change things anyway'. But I think that this is a mistake because Dynamic Quality isn't some thing to be made static in this unintentional way. I argue that static quality is more static than change or 'relative'. That is, without Dynamic Quality, static quality will get old and die. But that is not to say, as you accuse me of, that static quality doesn't change. It does. But without Dynamic Quality static quality gets old and dies.
To be sure, here is a quote from Pirsig which says this much:
"Until now he had always felt that these static patterns were dead. They have no love. They offer no promise of anything. To succumb to them is to succumb to death, since that which does not change cannot live... Neither static nor Dynamic Quality can survive without the other." -Lila p59
>> You can prove this logically. There is no distinction between A or B if you cannot say how either of them is different in the absence of the other.
> And where does the saying that there is a difference come from? How does that recognition happen? Where is your logical proof?
How do we recognise that there is a difference from one thing to another? As I have said, my proofs are experience. First we notice something and how high or low a quality it is. Then we can compare this quality to something else. If we never distinguish a difference between A and B, then there isn't an A or B. It's only when we notice a difference between A or B, that is, when something is distinguishable in the absence of the other thing.
>>>> To this you may respond. "Of course without Dynamic Quality, static quality gets old and dies. That's why I insist on everything being relative and static quality being impermanent.' But let me repeat. Static quality in the absence of Dynamic Quality gets old and dies. It doesn't get better. It doesn't improve. It gets old and dies. You cannot use word tricks, or mind tricks to get around this. You cannot 'outwit' Dynamic Quality. Because Dynamic Quality isn't anything. See?
>>> I don't see. And I wonder how you can know this or prove it?
>> One can only 'prove' this via analogy. Dynamic Quality isn't something you can prove intellectually, it's something you experience. For a book full of such analogies I point you do the Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu. Or, Steve Hagen, whom I know you read already.
> Your analogy is an analogy? Where's the proof you say that you can present? You did say you would present a proof, didn't you? Well, where is the proof?
Okay well now it's very clear that you're frustrated. Being that I'm the philosophical type, I'll go out on a limb here and say that's because I have asked you to prove something and from this you've gone ahead and thrown me in a basket with those scientific deterministic types who like absolute definitions of things. By continually asking me to prove something you're making the point that there is no fundamental 'proof' in scientific land. But I've got no real way of know because you never actually summarise back to me what you think I'm saying.
I agree with you Marsha. In SOM, scientific land, there are no absolutes. SOM isn't grounded in anything. There are no morals, we can do or say what we like because there's actually no reason to do anything at all. To be sure, there are no absolutes in the MOQ either. Quality changes. But that doesn't mean that we can say that static quality is 'change'. It isn't. Pirsig broke Quality into static quality and Dynamic Quality for a reason. He split it up because he knew that ultimately we can't define anything as you seem to allude to by continually asking me to 'prove' something. So he said, okay, ultimately we can't define anything, but here we are. Alive. Defining things. "Getting drunk and picking up bar-ladies and writing metaphysics is a part of life." So he made his Very first division. The first division of the Metaphysics and he said. 'See there.. that's Dynamic Quality. That can't be defined. That's a concept which cannot be defined. But here I am defining thing
s. That's static quality. I can define that as much or as little as I like. But it's all definitions. All fixed, static definitions.'
> Is this suppose to make sense? There is no proof here. Please try again? Like, can you explain what you mean by 'absolute' in MoQeze?
As I've said. In the MOQ there are no SOM, things in themselves, absolutes. Looking at some definitions of 'absolute'
1. Perfect in quality or nature; complete.
2. something that is conceived or that exists independently and not in relation to other things; something that does not depend on anything else and is beyond human control; something that is not relative; "no mortal being can influence the absolute"
These 'could' be synonyms for Dynamic Quality, but I have an issue with this term because it suggests that it cannot change.
>> You have said that in order for truth to exist it must be relative. I disagree with this because, as I've said, you needn't think of two truths in order for the first one to exist.
> I have said that static patterns, like the Buddhist's "conventional (relative) truths", are relative. Within the MoQ static patterns can be ranked by their function: inorganic, biological, social or intellectual. I asked you to define what you mean by two truths?
Two truths. See the dictionary on true and then think of two of them. :-)
>> To prove something is to provide an example - being that the MOQ is pure empiricism. This answer seems to confirm my suspicion that you don't know how to prove that relativity is important. Or can you?
> That's radical empiricism, Bubba. Do you want to discount my experience?
> You haven't provided any proofs.
I have explained empirically that, before anyone makes a distinction between this or that quality, they make a distinction of the high or lowness of that quality. The level of the quality first. That doesn't need to be in relation to anything.
>> On the basis that you have said that truth must be relative for it to exist. I don't need to think about two patterns and their 'relativity' in order to know they exist. They exist regardless of how relative these things are.
> Sorry, but this doesn't make sense, and it certainly isn't a proof. Is it whatever you think? Are you pretending to be rational?
Ive explained empirically what happens above.
>> How do I know that patterns don't need to be 'relative' for them to exist? From experience, as I've said already.
> Prove to me that patterns are independent based on your experience, because my experience has patterns existing relative to other patterns.
I've explained why empirically patterns don't have to exist relative to other patterns. You certainly can compare one pattern to another, my experience shows me this as well. But in order for patterns to exist this isn't necessary.
Or to think of this another way... Think of a first pattern. It doesn't need to exist in relation to another pattern to exist does it? If that's the case how did it exist to begin with?
>>> How do you know patterns exist to be able to say they exist?
>> From experience. Patterns are a fundamental part of the MOQ. The MOQ is the best description of reality there is and so therefore, patterns exist.
> Please define what a pattern is within the MoQ?
Some thing. Any thing.
>>> Can you prove patterns are independent?
>> Yes, logically as I have shown above.
> No, you have not logically shown anything of the kind... Define what the term logic means to you within the MoQ?
Here we go with the 'proving' . As I explained above, I'm not a SOM absolutist. The fundamental proof is quality. If you want to make a point please just come out and say it rather than try and make it by asking many questions, please? I'm beginning to wonder why I'm taking your questions seriously but I'll press on answering those that I think may have had some sincerity to them.
>>> How do you know a pattern is better than nothing? What can you tell me about nothing?
>> Obviously I can't tell you anything about nothing. I'm alive and happy to be so. Being alive is better than nothing, or you don't think so?
> How can you state a pattern is better than nothing when don't know anything about nothing? That doesn't seem very rational?
I didn't say I don't know anything about nothing, I just said I can't tell you about nothing. Surely you know what the term 'nothing' means? If you're not sure about a term look at the dictionary please Marsha?
>>> What do you mean by harmony?
>> Harmony is a synonym for quality.
> Where is the quote that states this? Or is that your synonym?
"The harmony (i.e. Quality) it produces among the elements of our existing understanding." - RMP - Lila's Child.
> You did not present proofs, unless you consider a proof to be what ever you think.
> Beethoven's music is full of dissonance. I find Beethoven's music quite wonderful, too.
Ultimately a 'proof' anyone ever says is whatever they say because there cannot be any other 'proof'. It must be written down to 'prove' something. But what we're talking about here is both my and your experience.
> Please provide the url for your definition. I'd like to read the full definition.
>> Yes. Think of something, anything. Eventually it will get old and die. These words which we are using, the iPad you're reading this from, you and I, every thing gets old and dies. There isn't something which exists which won't do this. That is my proof.
> Changes,,, is in constant transition. Ever-changing...
Yes, and I don't claim that static quality doesn't change. It does.
>> Yes. Opinion. Everything anyone has ever said is opinion. Just some opinions are better than others.
> Your opinions are not presented with any rational explanation. Please prove the logic behind your opinion.
I've talked about this sarcasm above..
>>> How do you know the MoQ would be destroyed?
>> Because DQ is a fundamental division of the MOQ. A division which provides its strength. The MOQ is open to being replaced by something better.
> In what sense is that fundamental division real?
In the sense that quality is fundamental.
>> No, by destroying the MOQ I mean that it significantly lowers its quality and turns the undefined quality of the MOQ into the defined.
> I agree Dynamic Quality shouldn't be defined. Would you ever know if the value of the MoQ was lowered? How would you know? Please explain what the MoQ is? How do you know? Did someone tell you?
More sarcasm which I've already talked about.
>> What this means is that, as I've stated previously, you seem to be trying to get around Dynamic Quality by including 'change' as part of your definition of static quality.
> No. I see static quality as process; that is change. I have nothing at all to say about Dynamic Quality. I have not defined it as change.
As I've said at the top, this destroys the Metaphysics of Quality because, like it or not, picking up bar ladies and writing metaphysics are a part of life. These are fixed, defined things. Ultimately, you're right, we can't define anything. We always get it wrong. Things change. So why bother? But I'll say it again. Doing fixed, static things like picking up bar ladies and writing metaphysics are a part of life.
>> Trying to 'outwit' Dynamic Quality. But static quality isn't 'change'. It is 'fixed' more than it changes. When it's independent of DQ; it's so fixed it cannot adapt and gets old and dies. It's called static quality for a reason.
> This doesn't even begin to make sense. Please explain. Fixed relative to change??? Is that what you are trying to say? Static patterns, at the very least, as you have said, get old and die. Is that not change? Can you describe that process. Is it just two steps: old & dead?
Hopefully after everything I've written in this post you now have a better idea of my position. I don't claim that static patterns don't change. But doing fixed, static things like picking up bar ladies... you get the point.
>> I know that you agree with me on this. And that's cool. However, as I've said I still think that you are inadvertently destroying DQ by trying to include 'change' as part of your definition of static quality. Yes, the concept of change is static quality, just along with everything else. But static quality itself is more static than change. Hence the name.
> OMG, here you go again, "more static than change"? Change 'more' or 'less' relative to what? And what does naming mean to you? What does a name represent? Are you like dmb who equates patterns with dictionary definitions? Hahahahaha.
Yes, I must agree with dmb if he thinks that naming something defines it statically. This is where you and I disagree. I would like to know more about your position on naming things. Do you not agree with this? | <urn:uuid:74dd8d2a-6e17-467b-bae5-2383c44af965> | 2013-05-18T17:58:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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From the time of its first visit to Newcastle in 1968, the north of England became more and more important as a source of touring dates for Scottish Opera. Here, the first section of the spring tour, after the premiere of Catiline in Stirling, involved weeks in York, Sunderland and Oxford, before the company moved back north to Perth. They played The Merry Widow, The Catiline Conspiracy and The Magic Flute. The main dates then followed in Glasgow, Newcastle, Edinburgh and Aberdeen, where the "big" works were added, in this case revivals of Fidelio, Traviata and Boris Godunov. The establishment of Opera North in Leeds in 1979, and the gradual expansion of its own touring base, would eventually have a catastrophic effect on Scottish Opera's finances as its sphere of activity shrank.
© Copyright Opera Scotland 2013
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A Family's Calling to Help Haitian Orphans
From: Hope in Haiti
Seven years ago, Oprah received an email from an 11-year-old girl with a dream to start an orphanage in Haiti. That girl grew up to make her dream a reality. Meet 19-year-old Ariana and find out why her parents decided to sell everything they own and move their entire family to Haiti to help children with nowhere else to turn.
Published on January 30, 2012 | <urn:uuid:8becd69f-ffce-49de-8d26-3c1787ea8c97> | 2013-05-18T18:07:10Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A mathematical theory of thick emulsions, based upon a previously published theorem, is developed. All important properties of the H and D curve and the Kaiser function are deduced and physical interpretations of the parameters of both functions are given. Deviations from Beer's law by a photographic emulsion are seen to be responsible for the occurrence of reciprocity failure phenomena. The occurrence of a reverse primary process is shown to be capable of invalidating the Poisson distribution of exposure.
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In a study of the Sénarmont compensator method of flow birefringence measurement, the effects of polychromatism and of error in the quarter-wave plate are investigated by a theoretical treatment of the behavior of the cross of isocline. It is found that with monochromatic light an error in the quarter-wave plate introduces asymmetry into the scissors-type motion of the cross of isocline. The arms of the cross do not close completely. Rather, one arm disappears while the other continues its motion toward the 45° position in the annulus. It is shown by example that, with the proper quarter-wave plate, polychromatic light from a filter can give a result which is almost the same as that given by monochromatic light and a quarter-wave plate without error. A mismatch of the quarter-wave plate and polychromatic light gives essentially the same error in the measurement of birefringence as the error caused by a comparable mismatch between the quarter-wave plate and monochromatic light.
C. A. HOLLINGSWORTH, W. E. KAISER, and W. T. GRANQUIST, "Theory of Measurement of Flow Birefringence by Use of the Sénarmont Compensator. II. Effect of Quarter–Wave Plate Error and Polychromatism," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 54, 633-637 (1964) | <urn:uuid:ae9ffd99-40c1-4edb-a03c-ee54aa03d51f> | 2013-05-18T17:27:22Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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We propose a new scheme for measuring the quantum efficiency of a single-photon detection apparatus by using polarization-entangled states. The scheme consists of measuring the polarization of a member of a polarization-entangled pair after a 90° polarization rotation conditional on the detection of the correlated photon after polarization selection. We present experimental results obtained with this scheme compared with traditional biphoton calibration. Our results show the interesting potentiality of the suggested scheme.
© 2005 Optical Society of America
Giorgio Brida, Marco Genovese, Marco Gramegna, Maria Luisa Rastello, Maria Chekhova, and Leonid Krivitsky, "Single-photon detector calibration by means of conditional polarization rotation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22, 488-492 (2005) | <urn:uuid:e99fc5d1-b347-4e40-8e0f-8b073b874280> | 2013-05-18T17:21:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Mark Edward Olson was found suffering from stab wounds just after 6 a.m. on Aug. 7 in his apartment at 2151 N.W. Johnson St., in the Nob Hill neighborhood of Northwest Portland. Olson died a week later.
In the time leading up to the stabbing, Olson’s girlfriend Heather Billington packed her belongings in the apartment the couple shared and planned to move out, according to the affidavit. She told police problems had arisen in their relationship, prompting her to move out.
Billington asked David Arnold Black, 26, and Michael Alfred McCord, 39, to assist her with moving boxes out of the apartment in exchange for $30. The three then went to the apartment, and Olson arrived there at the same time.
Olson and the other three reportedly exchanged words, and McCord and Black followed Olson into the kitchen. Billington then reported hearing loud noises and scuffling coming from the kitchen. A short time later, McCord and Black fled out a living room window and down a fire escape.
When Billington went to find Olson, she said his chest was bleeding, he was holding a butcher knife, and told her, "Babe, they hurt me real bad." Olson then called 9-1-1 for help and reported he had been stabbed by "them."
Olson then lost consciousness and was taken to Legacy Emanuel Medical Center. He died a week later, after the affidavit was written.
McCord and Black were arrested two days after Olson was stabbed as they rode bicycles past a Portland Police Bureau officer patrolling Jantzen Beach. The officer recognized the two as suspects in the stabbing and arrested them.
When they were arrested, McCord and Black were both charged with attempted murder, first degree assault, unlawful use of a weapon and possession of methamphetamine. When they were arrested, police reportedly found several bags of methamphetamine on both McCord and Black.
However, after Olson died, those charges were dropped. Black is now charged with first degree murder, possession of methamphetamine, tampering with physical evidence, unlawful use of a weapon and with being a felon in possession of a weapon. He is being held in the Multnomah County jail without bail.
McCord is now charged with tampering with physical evidence and two counts of possession of methamphetamine. He is also in the Multnomah County jail with his total bail set at $51,944.-- Molly Hottle; Twitter: @nwpdxreporter | <urn:uuid:e50e73e0-f601-4349-9dc0-5c6b78d3eb98> | 2013-05-18T17:58:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Angiotensinogen is a precursor of angiotensin-1 and a member of the serpin family, expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma. Angiotensinogen contains angiotensin-1, 2, and 3. In response to lowered blood pressure, remin cleaves angiotensinogen and produce angiotensin-1 (1). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) further removes a dipeptide to produce the physiologically active peptide angiotensin-2. Angiotensin-2 is involved in regulating mineral balance and volume of body fluids, while angiotensin-3 stimulates aldosterone release (2). In humans, angiotensinogen is 118 amino acids long, but its size varies between species. Defects in angiotensinogen have been linked to renal tubular dygenesis (RTD) and susceptibility to essential hypertension (3).
Signaling by GPCR
* Shipping is in business days
* OriGene provides validated application data and protocol, with money back guarantee. | <urn:uuid:5d24ec09-8072-4520-92ce-766b74f7a7ac> | 2013-05-18T18:07:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I'm not sure I get all the doom and gloom around here. That 18-26 period he referenced is largely just an extension of the recent 8-14 stretch heading into the All-Star Break (we were nearly .500 for the rest of that 44 game stretch).
So what happened? A complete and total power outage and hitting swoon happened. Over those 22 games, we posted a combined slash line of .198/.263/.305/.568. That's correct, .568! There are only about 10 PLAYERS in the league with an OPS that low, and only the park-handicapped Mariners (.649), Padres (.666), and A's (.667) are within even 100 points of that paltry performance. Needless to say, we're not going to continue "hitting" (I use the term loosely) at such a grievously shameful rate. That's what the team has done as a whole, but what are the individual components of such an offensive collapse? Listed below are the regulars, their slash line since June 15 (that 22-game span), their 3-year average slash line, and their deviation from their 3-year average over the past 22 games.
Adam Jones: .238/.256/.393/.649 (.284/.324/.472/.796) (-18.5%)
Matt Wieters: .214/.295/.371/.666 (.254/.325/.419/.744) (-10.5%)
J.J. Hardy: .112/.141/.169/.310 (.256/.299/.432/.731) (-57.6%)
Chris Davis: .154/.203/.262/.465 (.253/.304/.412/.716) (-35.1%)
Jim Thome: .238/.333/.238/.571 (.266/.381/.538/.919) (-37.9%)
Mark Reynolds: .111/.246/.241/.487 (.210/.324/.447/.771) (-36.8%)
Wilson Betemit: .319/.365/.478/.843 (.281/.348/.465/.813) (+3.7%)
Robert Andino: .190/.292/.286/.578 (.248/.307/.333/.640) (-9.7%)
Others (Roberts, Pearce, Avery, Paulino, Tolleson, Flaherty, Mahoney): .211/.274/.354/.628
All of which is a numerical way of saying that this slump has been both team-wide and patently horrific. We've had precisely one regular performing at around his 3-year average, and about half the lineup is mired in epic slides that are hugely removed from (what they've shown to be) their true talent. Moreover, as bad as they've been in general during this 22-game span, they've been even worse in the "clutch," posting a .171 average with RISP. Tough to score runs when you're hitting terribly with no one on --- and then hitting even worse on the rare occasions you DO get a few ducks on the pond. No small wonder, then, that they've scored 2.8 runs/game during that span, as compared to 4.6 runs/game before June 15. Which obviously has made the past few weeks nearly unbearable to watch, but it actually reassures me a little bit about the team moving forward, for a few reasons.
1. There is absolutely no way all of these hitters continue to struggle the way they have. This team may not be a true .760 OPS, top 5 in the league offense, but it's also very certainly not the worst by a wide margin. It is simply unrealistic to expect Reynolds, Hardy, and Davis to continue to scuffle like below-replacement hitters --- all three will turn it around, at least to some extent, and probably soon. Our two best hitters (arguably at least) in Jones and Wieters have both been substantially worse than their 3-year averages, and I suspect very few of us believe that those averages are a good deal below their true talent in the first place. Even just a simple regression to the mean across the lineup would lead to the offense getting MUCH healthier over the weeks and months to come.
2. With the return of a fresh Nick Markakis, the lineup will regain some stability and experience an injection of increased talent. Even if Nick hits only to his 3-year average (.781 OPS), that would be a major upgrade, particularly in the OBP department where we're desperate for some help. This is especially true when you consider that his return will likely lead to decreased (or zero) ABs for the likes of Tolleson and Flaherty, who have both dragged down the overall offensive performance and should be largely squeezed out with RF now permanently occupied again. We've also added Jim Thome for the second half run, and though he's had a few ABs thus far, we have yet to see much impact. But there's no reason to expect this to continue to be the case --- despite his age, he has consistently been an .800+ OPS bat (or much more). Given full-time reps as the DH in OPACY, I think it's very reasonable to expect him to improve on our DH OPS performance (.753) by some 50 points or more.
3. Of all the non-regulars, the two who have performed well over this stretch have been Xavier Avery and Steve Pearce. Which is important, because they're the two non-regulars who could actually get a fair quantity of ABs when the team is at full strength. Since June 15, that pair has combined for a .243/.325/.429/.754 slash line. Now, obviously, Avery currently has been replaced by Chavez. But as I see it, Chavez will either perform (and post numbers similar to Avery's, such as he's generally done over the past 5 years) or he'll be gone and the X-Man will return. Either way, the possibility of a platoon involving Pearce in LF could bode well for us, especially if we lose one of the 1B/3B/DH quartet for any reason.
4. Despite the horrific hitting during this span, we still managed to go 8-14. Unquestionably, this is a poor record. Certainly not what we're looking for. But to win 8 games of 22 with our starting pitching while hitting like a blindfolded high school team? That's not what we've come to expect from the Orioles. In years past, a full system failure like that would have been the jumping-off point for an outright collapse, not a bad-but-really-not-terrible run. Yes, we took it on the chin in a couple series (NYM, CLE, LAA x2 come to mind), but we also grinded out three tough series wins against ATL, WAS, and SEA during those 22 games. Which is not to mention a few other games where we almost got over the hump and stole wins. Even when this particular Orioles team goes down, most nights they're doing so while scratching and clawing until the last out. As of now, at least, despite the pervasive and life-sapping team slump, I don't get any sense that this group has much "roll over and play dead" in them.
5. Despite having gone 8-14 and 18-26, as the article notes, we're 45-40 and currently hold the second wild card. That's a lot of wins already in the bank, as they say, and while the last stretch has been disappointing, it means that we also had a 41 game stretch where we were 27-14. Seems like a lot of us are putting much more stock in the second quarter of the season, probably because it's (1) more recent and (2) the Orioles, who, let's face it, don't have a great track record for closing out seasons. And yes, there are reasons why the 27-14 wasn't "real" or "sustainable" --- namely, the 3.37 staff ERA and a lot of one-run wins. But it seems just as true that the horrific offense of the past month or more isn't real or sustainable. Just as we were expecting the pitching to take a bit of a tumble, so too should we be EXPECTING the offense to rally and start winning some games for us. And heck, the pitching staff has been underperforming its peripherals since 27-14 as well (4.73 ERA compared to 4.43 FIP), so we might even expect a bounceback there, especially if the personnel changes in the coming weeks.
We aren't the 107-win team we played like in the season's first quarter. But I also pretty firmly believe we're also not the 66-win team we played like in the season's second quarter. We're not going to hit like that for another 22-game span, it just won't happen. And the exciting thing is, if we just play like something in between those two teams (an 86-87 win team), we'll be right in the thick of the playoff hunt. I certainly wouldn't bet my life on that happening, but with a collective resurgence from the offense and maybe some solidification of the pitching staff --- it's a real possibility. I'm not ready to throw in the towel on this group quite yet.
Visit the Orioles Hangout Message Board | <urn:uuid:695703c8-e1f8-4b80-bc3f-6b2e70024f9b> | 2013-05-18T17:27:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Perrysburg Symphony Orchestra is starting off its season with a bang.
Well, it won't really get around to the bang part until the second movement of Haydn's Symphony No.94 in G, when a quiet piano theme is suddenly interrupted with a hammer stroke before continuing on its gentle way.
"The whole orchestra just goes bam!" said Robert Mirakian, the Perrysburg organization's new music director.
Mr. Mirakian will conduct the Perrysburg Symphony Orchestra through Haydn's nicknamed "Surprise" symphony as well as Beethoven's Symphony No.3 in E-flat, "Eroica," at 3 p.m. Saturday at Owens Community College's Center for Fine and Performing Arts, 30335 Oregon Rd., Perrysburg.
He said the pieces were an excellent exploration of the late 1700s and early 1800s in that Joseph Haydn was at the height of the classical period while Ludwig van Beethoven was aiming to take music in a new direction.
Mr. Mirakian holds a master's degree in conducting from the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, and is completing his doctorate at Indiana University. He is a cellist and assistant conductor of the Toledo Opera, as well as the orchestra director at the University of Toledo and conductor of the Toledo Youth Symphony Orchestra's concert orchestra.
Haydn, especially with 'Surprise,' was innovative in his own way, Mr. Mirakian said.
In London at the end of the 18th century on a sabbatical of sorts from his court musician gig with the Esterházy family in Austria-Hungary, the composer wrote No.94 to give the audience something new. He was an astute businessman and prolific composer who wanted to keep the public engaged, Mr. Mirakian said.
"High classical is all about making it easy to hear [and] clear to the listener," he said.
Haydn was writing his "London symphonies" at a time when accessibility to music was growing. An emerging middle class and the development of the piano forte broadened the audience and spurred more playing in the home.
The French and American revolutions also had an impact, encouraging people to "venture out on their own unique path," Mr. Mirakian said.
Beethoven intended his No. 3 to be dedicated to Napoleon Bonaparte as a liberator, but when the emperor turned his eye toward the rest of Europe, his conquest was not as admirable in the composer's eye.
"Napoleon couldn't be that guy anymore," Mr. Mirakian said. The symphony was dedicated to simply the idea of a hero, someone who brings something to the world for its betterment, he said.
Beethoven began what is called his heroic period of writing after overcoming severe depression brought on by the professionally crippling effects of his deafness. In 1802, Mr. Mirakian said, the composer's hearing was getting so bad that he could not play piano with an orchestra. Beethoven contemplated suicide, but then launched into writing "adventurous" symphonies.
"Instead of giving up, he decided he was just going to double down," Mr. Mirakian said.
The result of those efforts that the Perrysburg Symphony Orchestra will be playing Saturday is indeed heroic in scale alone. "Eroica" is about 50 minutes long, with the first movement alone at 700 bars of music.
The director offered high praise for the Perrysburg Symphony Orchestra, which he said was comprised of a spectrum of talent from high schoolers to retired musicians, to professional gig players and educators to other professionals with a passion for playing.
"They'll be done very beautifully," he said of "Surprise" and "Eroica."
Mr. Mirakian also congratulated the Toledo metropolitan area for cultivating the kind of accessibility and appreciation for classical music that Haydn and Beethoven strove to do in their eras.
"You should be proud of the community you've built here, especially the cultural scene," he said.
The Perrysburg Symphony Orchestra will round out its 2012-2013 season with Bach, Handel, Rossini, Mozart, and Tchaikovsky.
A Holiday Celebration with the Toledo Choral Society is scheduled for 7 p.m. Dec. 14 at Blessed John XXIII Catholic Church, 24250 Dixie Highway, Perrysburg.
Tickets are $10 for adults and $5 for children 12 and younger; they may be purchased at the door or in advance by calling the parish at 419-874-6502.
The program will include Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No.3; Vaughan-Williams' Five Variants on Dives and Lazarus; a Christmas carol sing-a-long; and selections from Handel's "Messiah."
Tchaikovsky's Fifth Symphony will be performed at 3 p.m. April 27 at the Center for Fine and Performing Arts on Owens' Perrysburg Township campus.
Tickets are $12 for adults; $10 for seniors; and free for children and students with ID; tickets may be purchased at the door with cash, check, or credit card.
The program will feature soprano singer Carol Diskieker and include the overture to Rossini's "Semiramide" opera; arias by Mozart, Handel, and Gounod; and Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 4 in E-minor.
Contact Rebecca Conklin Kleiboemer at firstname.lastname@example.org or 419-356-8786. | <urn:uuid:718d2f89-3484-491f-801f-391307481b11> | 2013-05-18T17:38:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Although the image shows the diamonds much larger than actual, this is a beautiful ring, I am very pleased with it.
- Did the image onsite match the product? The diamonds in the image are much larger than actual
- Did the product fit true to size? This ring runs about a half size large so order a half size smaller
- Would you recommend this to a friend? Yes | <urn:uuid:9d08a694-6483-495c-a48b-5636d78fc958> | 2013-05-18T17:57:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Three years of flooding
In 2010 Pakistan was hit by its worst natural disaster - floodwater inundated up to one fifth of the country and affected an estimated 20 million people. Oxfam launched an immediate response to provide aid to more than 2.4 million people.
In 2012 fresh flooding in Pakistan's southern Sindh province put millions of people at renewed risk of disease and widespread malnutrition.
Oxfam has helped 70,000 people worst affected by renewed flooding. | <urn:uuid:7841eae0-2c5b-402e-827a-965dcc7cc2a4> | 2013-05-18T17:28:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hot on HuffPost Parents:
- Dr. Peggy Drexler: The Breadwinner Complex: Are Women Apologizing For…
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Autism Risk Higher With Closely-Spaced Pregnancies
Second children who are conceived within a year of their older sibling's birth were more than three times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than those conceived more than three years after their older sibling was born, according to an article in the journal Pediatrics.
Researchers looked at records of babies born in California between 1992 and 2002 and examined the odds of autism in more than 660,000 second children. They found that the further apart pregnancies were, the lower the risk of autism in the second child, the article says. Compared to children conceived more than three years after their older sibling's birth, children conceived 12 to 23 months after a previous birth were twice as likely to have been diagnosed with autism, and children conceived after a 24- to 35-month gap were one and a quarter times more likely to have been given that diagnosis.
The study's authors don't know why pregnancy timing and autism are linked, but they suggested some factors that may be to blame, although they didn't test for them. Some of the possible culprits are depleted levels of nutrients, such as folate and iron, and higher stress levels, the article says. The results accounted for low birth weight, premature births and the age of the parents, the article says.
The finding is particularly important because the number of babies born within two years of their older sibling is on the rise, up from 11 percent in 1992 to 18 percent in 2002, the authors write.
Start by teaching him that it is safe to do so. | <urn:uuid:b641735d-f4d8-402a-9b37-297e16ab9bb3> | 2013-05-18T17:49:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A rigorous rehab awaits, but Kemp said he expects to be ready once spring training begins in March.
"As long as I do my rehab right," he said, "I'll be able to be back to where I want to be, capable of what I need to do to help my teammates."
A year ago, Kemp spoke of hitting 50 home runs and stealing 50 bases.
That was after a monster 2011 season that saw him fall just short in National League MVP voting.
In 2012, Kemp was limited to 106 games because of injuries to his hamstring and shoulder.
"Be healthy," he said. "If I'm healthy good things should happen."
Kemp can only hope it wasn't a bad omen when doctors discovered extensive damage to his labrum; he was hoping for a minor cleanup procedure that would have allowed him to swing a bat after 6-8 weeks.
Instead, he hasn't been able to run since the surgery and won't be able to start swinging a bat until January.
"They were surprised I was playing," Kemp said. "It was worse than I thought."
In 20 games after he hurt his shoulder crashing into the center-field wall at Coors Field, Kemp batted .159 with two home runs and six RBIs.
However, he recovered to hit .367 with four home runs and nine RBIs in the season's final eight games.
When he isn't rehabbing, Kemp said he plans on watching the World Series. He wouldn't venture a prediction -- "who knows, we'll see, both teams are playing really well right now" -- and said he isn't rooting for either team.
"I'm just watching baseball," he said. "I'd like to be rooting for us, to see us playing."
Kemp on hitting coach Dave Hansen's dismissalKemp said he was "shocked" by news of hitting coach Dave Hansen's dismissal. "Hanny has helped me out with so many things baseball-wise and being a great friend," he said. "I'm a little disappointed he's gone. He found a job really really quick. He's been a great person. I wish him all the best. I'll be talking to him." …
It's cricket for DodgersAccording to a report in the Sydney Morning Herald, the Dodgers are in "well advanced" negotiations with the Sydney Cricket Ground to open the 2014 season there against the Arizona Diamondbacks. The three-game series has been in the works for several years, according to the report. …
Select-a-seat at Dodger StadiumThe Dodgers' "select-a-seat" event for season ticket holders is Thursday and Friday from 10 a.m.-3 p.m. at Dodger Stadium.
On Saturday, the team will hold an Open House at which all fans can choose from the remaining seats from 10 a.m.-3 p.m. | <urn:uuid:b57c427e-ef1d-4bb4-aa49-a4d39aa3b9f6> | 2013-05-18T17:57:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A history of the Tonto Apache
In May 1926, the director of the State Museum on the campus of the University of Arizona, Tucson, answered a letter of inquiry from a Mrs. Matthews in San Francisco about the Tonto Apaches. In his reply was this comment, "Regarding the Tonto Apaches, I fear I can be of very little help to you. I know of nothing that has been written upon this group. They are now mixed into the other groups in the White Mountain's tribe at Fort Apache and at San Carlos. But I know of no one who has traced their history."
If I were to answer Mrs. Matthews I would have to give the same answer today. Much research has been done on the war waged by Euro-Americans against the Apaches, and there have been numerous studies of prehistoric settlement in the territory later occupied by the Tonto Apache. But no one has gathered the available information and provided us with a written history of the small tribe called Tonto Apache.
The reason so little has been written about this fascinating subject can be readily understood. When the European culture began its migration westward across America, Arizona was essentially a bridge to California gold.
As the Pacific connection grew, so did the necessity for better trails to connect the vast stretches of the continent. As trails became roads and then railroads, they followed routes along the Gila River in the south and across the Colorado Plateau in the north. In either case, they skirted the wilderness of central Arizona and left out the territory of the Tonto Apache. The terrain, with its rugged canyons, ridges and mountains lay in a northwest by southeast direction, and created an impossible barrier for east-west travel. The Apaches who lived in these basins and mountains were, therefore, the last Arizona natives to be threatened by the settlement of those they called "White-eyes." This moniker originated because the white of Caucasian eyeballs contrasts with the coffee color of Indian eyeballs.
As for the Apache people, they refer to themselves as "The People." In their language it is Nde, pronounced En-dah, and implies a people set apart and superior to other peoples.
When the California gold rush was over and miners began to prospect in the central mountains of Arizona, word got out about the lush grazing lands and the abundance of game waiting to be exploited by ranchers and miners, and those who serviced them. Once these Americans settled in Arizona they began to encroach on Tonto Apache lands.
Settlers became prime targets for Apaches and the various Pai groups, who stole livestock for food. This created the need for a military presence to protect the settlers, and it was the beginning of the end for the old way of life among the Tontos.
As we shall see, however, they are "The People Who Would Not Be Conquered." Their story deserves to be told, and honor given to their history.
As I attempt to put together the exciting and dramatic story of these people who live in the Rim Country and Verde River Valley, credit must go to many who have helped me over the years. The original research of Alan Ferg, Nicolas P. Hauser, Keith Basso, George S. Esper and Thomas Hinton are among those to whom I am deeply indebted. Also the archives of the Arizona Historical Society of Tucson, the Sharlot Hall Museum library in Prescott; the Fort Verde State Park museum in Camp Verde; the Cline Library at Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff; the Colter Library of the Northern Arizona Museum, Flagstaff; The Hayden Library, Special Collections, at Arizona State University, Tempe; and the Arizona Historical Foundation in that same location; The Department of Library Archives and Public Records at the state capitol in Phoenix; The Smithsonian Institution in Washington and the National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. and in Laguna Niguel, Calif.
In the Payson area, journalist Carroll Cox did much over the years to gather information about the Tonto Apaches and publish it from her several journalistic positions. She deserves much credit for being the first person to systematically write a simple history of the Tonto Apaches, and publish it in a 1987 series in The Mogollon Advisor.
I hope the reader will be inspired and enlightened by this story, and that young Tonto Apaches will be encouraged to embrace the heritage they have all but lost. If I were a Tonto Apache and could speak in the tongue of the ancestors, I could better tell the odyssey, the joy, the struggle, and the terror of their story. However, I am White-eyes, and I write as White-eyes. All I can do is ask forgiveness from the people I have come to appreciate so heartily.
Next week: The Tontos' story of their beginnings. | <urn:uuid:3e04f498-2be4-4bf6-ae0d-a7bb0093d154> | 2013-05-18T18:09:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Joan Hall: Well, when I understood that the NOVA program was going to be made,
I felt that it would be best for me to participate because it would give us the
best chance of doing justice to Ted and his story.
NOVA: How and when did you first meet Saville Sax? What was your reaction to
Joan Hall: I don't remember my first meeting with Savy. He seemed very
likeable, unconventional, fun, a good sense of humor. I really don't remember
that much about him particularly. He was Ted's friend. [Read an interview with
Boria Sax, Saville Sax's son.]
NOVA: As a personality, what was Savy like when you got to know him?
Joan Hall: He was a one-off. I don't think there's ever been anyone like him.
He was unconventional. He was funny. He was poetic. He used to write poetry and
stories. He had never been properly trained in the niceties of normal social
intercourse. His table manners were bad. He didn't know how to behave, in a
sense, but I liked him a lot. I felt those things weren't important. We were
good friends for awhile. We used to hang out quite a bit together when Ted was
busy actually working, which Savy, to my knowledge, didn't do at all. He was
enrolled in the University of Chicago, but I don't remember him doing any
NOVA: What was your reaction upon first meeting Ted Hall?
Joan Hall: I met Ted for the first time at a meeting of a group that was trying
to start a student cooperative house. I had gone there with another friend who
was a member. I thought I might like to join them and live in that cooperative
house. The meeting was held in a house that was then a functioning student
cooperative. We met around a table, and there were maybe a dozen people or
so. I noticed Ted and another young man at the opposite end of the
table. I just noticed these two very nice-looking young guys.
I don't recall that Ted said anything during the meeting, certainly nothing
much. But after the meeting he came up and asked me what my intentions were
with regard to the coop, because he had the feeling that people were coming
along to these meetings who weren't really serious about joining the coop. I
told him that I wasn't sure I was going to stay in Chicago at that point, but
that if I did I would like to be part of the coop. I can't say he made any
great impression on me the first time we met.
"Ted squirted us in
the face with a water pistol, saying afterwards he wanted to liven things up a
The second time we met he certainly made an impression on me. It must have been
the next Sunday. My friend and I were walking towards this house where the
meeting was to be held, which had a front porch up a few steps. As we
approached the steps, Ted, who was standing at the top, squirted both of us in
the face with a water pistol, saying afterwards that he thought these meetings
had become a bit too solemn, and he wanted to liven things up a little
NOVA: Who was the Ted Hall you fell in love with?
Joan Hall: Ted was quite an attractive young guy. He had a handsome face. Not
terribly well shaven, a few pimples here and there. His clothes were mostly his
old army clothes. He didn't take much trouble over his clothes at all. If they
ripped, he would staple them together. Great big army boots that were too big
for him actually and almost ruined his feet. He had a beautiful face. Lovely
big brown eyes. And he had a very soft and warm way of speaking. He was just a
nice, handsome, rather charming guy.
What I really fell in love with was not so much that persona, nice as it was.
It was the way we could talk together. We used to go around with Savy quite a
lot. We used to have dinners in the little Chinese restaurant in the
neighborhood and have conversations. We would get into discussions, the three
of us, about music or politics or whatever. Somehow or other, we just clicked
on that level. We seemed to speak the same language. It's hard to make it sound
so wonderful, but it really was. The first thing that made me really think yes,
this is something special.
NOVA: You decided to get married earlier than you thought, and then Ted took
you aside and told you something.
Joan Hall: Shortly after we decided to get married, having decided that we
would wait six months to get to know each other, I guess it must have been a
few days after that when Ted told me he had something to tell me. We were lying
on my bed, as it happened, in the middle of the day, fully dressed and talking.
He said he had something to tell me that was very serious. I can't remember his
words, but he told me what he had done at Los Alamos. I knew that he had worked
there. Then he told me the secret part.
I said, "You mean you're going to give information about this to the Russians?"
And he said, "I did, yeah. In the past."
"This was very secret, and
I shouldn't tell anybody about it, not even my mother."
Before he started, if I can backtrack, he looked around the room rather
nervously and he said, "You don't have any microphones in here, do you?" I had
seen a film in which there was a microphone hidden in a lampshade. So I looked
at my lampshade. I thought I knew that lampshade pretty well, and there was not
going to be a microphone in there, so I was able to reassure Ted. I must say
that was the only time we spoke about that subject indoors.
Anyway, after that he started telling me how this was very secret, and I
shouldn't tell anybody about it, not even my mother, not even my brother. And I
thought, Are you crazy, man? There's no way I would dream of telling either of
them. I understood perfectly that it was not to be mentioned to anyone.
NOVA: How did you feel about it?
Joan Hall: Well, I was surprised. But it didn't seem like anything particularly bad
to me because I still believed that the Soviet Union was good,
even though the American propaganda machine had turned completely in the other
direction. And I believed that socialism was good.
I was aware that this was something that was not exactly done. It was something
extraordinary. I suppose I was aware that it was somewhat dangerous, but I
didn't realize how dangerous it was really. I wasn't frightened. I certainly
wasn't turned against Ted. It made me feel more than ever that he was someone
NOVA: What did he say he'd done?
Joan Hall: I can't remember the exact words with which he described his action,
I'm afraid. But they were certainly straightforward and very brief.
"He was afraid the United States might become a very reactionary power after
NOVA: Did he say why he had done it?
Joan Hall: Yes. He told me that he had done it because he was afraid the United
States might become a very reactionary power after the war. Those were his
words. And that this would give the Soviet Union a better chance of standing up
to them—or that he hoped it would. That was the explanation that he
NOVA: Would it be fair to say that he was a dedicated Communist Party member
who was in a robot-like fashion handing over to his handlers whatever they
Joan Hall: It's a completely wrong picture of Ted to suggest that he was either
a Communist Party member—he was not, except briefly—or that he was
robot-like, obeying orders from anybody. This thing was entirely his own
initiative. He was not recruited or brought into it by anybody else. He was a
person with a very independent mind; he wasn't a follower. If he had "handlers"
as they're called, they really didn't handle him much. He wasn't a handleable
NOVA: Did he tell you the story of how he and Savy went about giving away
Joan Hall: The stories about the actual details, the anecdotes involved in the
secret operations came from both of them bit by bit during the next few weeks
and months. It wasn't a sort of single narrative that I was given all at once.
I was told little bits and pieces. I must say that there wasn't that much of
it. It wasn't a long story.
NOVA: The notion of these two nearly teenage boys walking around Manhattan
knocking on doors and being turned away. Did he tell you about that? If so,
tell me what he said.
Joan Hall: The notion of the two nearly teenagers walking around Manhattan
knocking on doors is wrong. This never happened. I believe Savy at some point
did something like that. Ted didn't. Ted made up his mind who he was going to
contact, and it was a man called Sergei Kurnakov, who was a Soviet journalist
in New York. [See a Venona intercept detailing their meeting.]
Actually, the first thing he did was to contact the AMTORG, the Soviet American
Trading Organization. That was the first contact he made. And then he described
walking downtown along one of the avenues of New York, walking very fast as he
could do then. He went in there, and he found somebody unpacking boxes who just
didn't want to know, and who was horrified at the idea. So to get rid of him
this guy sent him to Kurnakov. Ted got in touch with Kurnakov, and he went to
NOVA: There was an anecdote about Kurnakov plying Ted with something. Giving
Ted lots of something to drink.
Joan Hall: The way Ted described his first meeting with Kurnakov was rather
comical. I guess Kurnakov didn't know quite what to make of him. Kurnakov was
consuming considerable quantities of alcohol at the time, and he kept pressing
Ted to drink more. Ted had the impression that he was trying to get him drunk
so that he would reveal his true intentions.
"He would drink
quantities of alcohol, and it just didn't seem to affect him at
Ted rarely drank any alcohol, but he thought he should cooperate with this
plan. So he drank the stuff, and it had no effect. I've seen that happen at
other times. He would drink quantities of stuff, and it just didn't seem to
affect him at all.
Finally, Kurnakov asked him, "Well, how do we know that you're not just an
agent of the U.S. government trying to trap me?" Ted said, "You don't." And
Kurnakov said, "Well, why don't you just write up your ideas or whatever you
want to tell us and give it to me." Ted said, "I've already done that." He
reached into his money belt and put the papers on the table. What it consisted
of was a list of scientists who were working at Los Alamos, and a list of sites
in which research was being done on the subject. I don't believe there was any
technical information in that particular piece of paper.
NOVA: What did Ted think were the most important documents he'd given?
Joan Hall: Ted didn't think the stuff he gave was all that important. Now, this
is at a distance of 50 years. Obviously, I can't judge the importance of any of
it. But all I know is that Ted deprecated the importance of anything that he
had passed; he said it wasn't much. He could have been misremembering or that
could be the truth. Ted thought, and I really think there was no question about
this, that the really important technical information that was given to the
Russians was given by Klaus Fuchs. And that if Ted's contribution had any value
it was as a backup for Fuchs. [Read a Venona intercept concerning klaus fuchs.]
NOVA: Did Ted express at that time any concern about having done what he did?
Any feeling that maybe he made a mistake?
Joan Hall: When Ted made his decision to do it, he thought to himself, what if
it's a mistake? He recognized the possibility that it might be a mistake, but
he decided that it was better to make a mistake, even if it was a very serious
mistake that would affect the rest of his life, than to do nothing. Because to
do nothing is also a decision. Afterwards, I never heard him express any
feeling that it was a mistake to have done what he did. I think there were
plenty of times when he wished the whole thing never happened, but that's
NOVA: You said later in life he thought how arrogant youth is.
Joan Hall: One day Ted and I were walking along the street, sometime probably
in the early '90's, talking about this subject for some reason or other. He
said it was hard for him to imagine how he could have been so arrogant at 19 as
to think that he could decide such things.
NOVA: Did you feel exposed when you knew?
Joan Hall: Not right away. When I first heard about his exploit, I reassured
myself, first of all, with the fact that, I thought, it was all over in the
past. He had done it and nothing had happened to him. I felt pretty secure
"They all worked on the bomb because they were afraid the
Nazis would build it first."
NOVA: Did Ted ever express to you any feelings of remorse or sadness at his
playing a part in developing the atomic bomb?
Joan Hall: Like most of the scientists working on the atomic bomb, it was never
something that Ted wanted to do. He didn't like the idea of weapons at all.
They all did it, and he certainly did it, because they were afraid the Nazis
would build it first, which would have been disastrous. It was that that kept
them all going. They not only worked on it, but they worked very hard on it,
around the clock. They were completely dedicated.
I don't think they had any information as to what the Nazis were actually doing
about it at the time. But they just knew they had to make it happen as soon as
possible. So it wasn't something that he regretted. He didn't like the whole
thing, but he did it because it was necessary, and he had no reason to regret
NOVA: You and Ted joined the Communist Party briefly in the late 1940s? What
did you think of it?
Joan Hall: Before we joined, it obviously represented for us the people who
were fighting against what was happening in the United
States. It represented people who were defending labor unions, who were
defending black people against discrimination, who were defending civil
liberties, and so on.
Once we got in, it continued to be all those things. We got to know a few
people in the local group that we belonged to. They were nice people. They were
good people. We liked them. And I believe now that they were good people,
absolutely. But it wasn't very long before we began to feel that the Party
apparatus was dogmatic, rigid, bureaucratic, undemocratic, and full of
phraseology that became meaningless because it was used in such an automatic
We didn't formulate these thoughts at the time. I think it's just something
that we were both feeling. For our political education we were told to read
The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which we
dutifully did. It was awful. It was heavy, badly written, badly translated, and
incredibly doctrinaire. It was a description of all the various wrong
tendencies that Lenin and Stalin had triumphantly opposed. I don't recall our
being involved in any discussions of it.
At the time we were members, the Yugoslav crisis occurred, when the Soviet
Union turned against the Tito regime in Yugoslavia and broke relations with
Yugoslavia and Tito. There were Yugoslav communists in Chicago who were just
desperately upset by this. There were meetings in which they were all shouting
and screaming at each other. There were splits and an awful lot of bitterness,
which of course on two starry-eyed innocents like us really had a pretty
NOVA: You left the Party then. Why and under what circumstances?
Joan Hall: Our membership in the Party only lasted a very few months. In August
of 1948 we made our usual summer trip to New York from Chicago to visit Ted's
family. Savy was, at that time, living in New York with his wife (he had
married in the meantime). He told us that the Russians wanted to meet with Ted
again. We said there was no need, we told them we were dropping out.
They insisted that they wanted to see him one more time. So Ted and Savy went
off to this meeting. I stayed behind with Savy's wife. Ted and I, before he
went to the meeting, agreed very clearly that we were leaving the Russian
thing, and we were now members of the American Communist Party, and that was
where we saw our future.
"When Ted turned his back to me and faced
the wall, I knew what had happened."
But they argued with Ted. He tried afterwards to reconstruct how they managed
to persuade him to leave the Party and come back to them. He thought it was by
appealing to his modesty. They made him think that it was arrogant on his part
to think that he could be of any use in the Party, and that he would be of much
more use to them, which was complete rubbish, because he wasn't being of use
to them at all. He wasn't giving them anything or doing anything. They wanted
to keep him on a string. Anyway, they persuaded him that it was more important
for him to work with them. [Editor's note: Ted Hall never did any further work
for the Russians, according to Joan Hall, though from this point he was back in
contact with them.]
They were very late getting back. I was waiting with Savy's wife in her flat.
They got back about midnight, as I recall. They walked in the door, and Ted
turned his back to me and faced the wall. And when he did that, I knew what had
happened. I said, "Look, this is not going to happen. You just have to cancel
it, because we made an agreement. We're leaving and that's that." He shook his
head. I ultimately had to accept the fact that there wasn't any going back.
NOVA: Did Ted ever show you material he was going to pass on before he passed
Joan Hall: I was not with Ted when he was passing material. I wasn't with him
in Los Alamos. I didn't know him until 1947, and passing material was all over
with. He didn't have any more access to confidential or secret material, and
therefore he didn't pass anything.
NOVA: Did Ted ever recruit people himself to network?
Joan Hall: I'd prefer not to comment on that. I will say that the whole
question is trivial, that there's simply no importance or significance to it. I
refuse to speak about it because, on principle, I don't want to say anything
involving any other person. But there is nothing of importance concealed behind
that. It's just trivia.
NOVA: Tell me about the day you heard on the radio that Truman had announced
that the USSR had exploded an atomic bomb, and what went on between you and
Joan Hall: He used to come home for lunch. We lived quite close to where he had
his lab at the university. When was it? In 1949? I don't know what month.
Anyway, I must have been pregnant. Yeah, I think I was pregnant at the time. So
we sat in the kitchen and had lunch. It was a very grotty little apartment we
had, but it had a south-facing window in the kitchen, and the table was right
there, and the radio on. And they announced this thing.
Of course, we were very excited about it, but we couldn't speak because we
never spoke about this whole thing in the house. So we just looked at each
other and finished our lunch. Then we went out and took a walk and talked about
NOVA: What did you say?
Joan Hall: I can't remember very well what we said. But I thought it was pretty
wonderful, and so did Ted.
"Ted was not a person for whom pride was
a normal feeling."
NOVA: Did he feel any sense of pride in having participated in it?
Joan Hall: I don't know exactly what Ted felt. I think I felt a sense of pride
for him. Ted was not a person for whom pride was a normal feeling. I would
conjecture that what he felt was pleasure and a sense of satisfaction.
NOVA: What information did Ted give to the Russians about the H-bomb?
Joan Hall: Ted gave no information of any kind about the H-bomb. In fact, he
never had anything whatsoever to do with the H-bomb. He was horrified by it. He
had no possibility of giving any information, and he wouldn't have done so if
he had the chance.
NOVA: Why not?
Joan Hall: He hated the thing. It was just a horrible weapon. We were not at
war with the Nazis; the Nazis had been defeated. The Japanese had been
defeated. The only potential enemy that the government now had in view was the
Soviet Union. That's one thing. The other thing was that it was just too
horrible. The weapon was many times more powerful than the bomb that Ted was
working on. The whole thing had just gotten blown out of all proportion. He was
just sick about it; he hated it.
NOVA: Did you yourself ever give secrets, carry secrets?
Joan Hall: I certainly never gave any secrets. I had no role at all in the
whole thing. Well, only in so far as my feelings about Ted's participation were
concerned. But I myself had no role at all and didn't want any role.
NOVA: Did you resent sometimes your role as dutiful wife?
Joan Hall: The presumption of the Soviets always was that I was an appendage
that was going to follow along after Ted, whatever he decided. I resented it.
Yes, I resented it very much.
Ted was not a male chauvinist. When he was with me he was entirely in agreement
with my attitude about this. But when he was with them, if I wasn't there, he
obviously allowed himself to be swayed. That period in which he returned to—I won't say working with them, because he didn't do any work, he resumed his
affiliation with them—affected me as much as it affected him, probably more.
It wasn't until years later that he acknowledged that he had been wrong, and
that it had really been very damaging for me.
NOVA: What do you mean it had been wrong?
Joan Hall: He had been wrong to make a decision without my participation, make
a decision of that kind that involved me. I have to say that was the only time
anything of the kind ever happened. He was very loyal. He respected me and my
full participation in everything. I never had any occasion to complain about
his presumption of male authority or anything of the sort, except on that one
"Ted wasn't an agent. He was a scientist with a
NOVA: Did you ever think of becoming an agent yourself?
Joan Hall: No. For one thing, I didn't see it as being an agent, somebody who
works for them and carries messages for them or does whatever. What Ted had
done, he wasn't a spy, he wasn't an agent. He was a scientist with a conscience
who shared knowledge with the Soviets that he felt needed to be shared with
them. That was how he saw it, and that was how I saw him.
Obviously, I had nothing to share. I wasn't a scientist, and I didn't come into
it. What I wanted for myself was to be politically active in Chicago as an
American in America, not as a clandestine agent for a foreign country. An idea
like that just didn't make any sense to me.
NOVA: What were the kinds of things that you had to do to accommodate now being
back with Ted doing espionage?
Joan Hall: I had been working as a kind of gofer for a left-wing newspaper in
Chicago, unpaid. It was run by communists, of course. I'd hoped to become a
journalist. I had to give that up, which meant I had nothing to do, so I
decided to become a student. I was going to become a scientist. Took some
courses. Failed chemistry. But I took a course in scientific Russian, at
which I was a whiz, because basically I'm a linguist
NOVA: What did you have to develop as a way of communicating? Did you develop
Joan Hall: From the very start we made a hard-and-fast rule never to speak
about the subject in the house. Later on when we got a car, a cast-off '42
Chevy of my mother's, we didn't speak in the car either. Our theory was that we
just never knew when and where they might put their microphones. So the only
time we would discuss anything secret was outdoors walking along the
NOVA: What did Ted know of Julius Rosenberg before or during the war?
Joan Hall: Before and during the war, Ted had never heard of Julius Rosenberg.
He knew nothing whatsoever about him. The first we knew was when the two of
them were indicted. It was absolutely the first we ever heard of them.
NOVA: What did Ted think of the charges brought against Julius and
Joan Hall: The charges against them were obviously based upon information
supposedly transmitted by David Greenglass, Ethel's brother, who had had a
minor technician's job at Los Alamos. Ted was absolutely certain, from his
thorough knowledge of the place and of the project, that a person in
Greenglass's position could have had no access to any significant scientific or
technical details about the atom bomb and therefore could not have transmitted
them. [Read a Venona cable about Ruth and David Greenglass.]
NOVA: He had some suppositions about Julius, didn't he?
Joan Hall: I really don't know why, but Ted did have a feeling that probably
Julius was involved in something. It was just a hunch. That's all I can say
"Ethel didn't do anything. Her only crime to was to have
NOVA: What about Ethel?
Joan Hall: Ethel, it's perfectly clear from the record, didn't do anything. Her
only crime was to have married Julius. She was used to blackmail Julius. The
government hoped that by threatening her life, they could get Julius to give
them information, which was an unspeakably disgusting and horrible thing
for the government to have done. But even then, I think, there was nobody who
would have actually claimed that Ethel did any espionage whatsoever.
NOVA: Did you follow the case closely?
Joan Hall: Oh, naturally as soon as the thing happened, we were very, very
worried and distressed and upset by it. Of course, we followed it very
NOVA: Now, you had a remarkable experience the night of their execution. Could
you tell me about it?
Joan Hall: We followed the case, but we weren't in a position to do anything at
that time. Ted still had his links with the network. There was no question of
our participating in any of the clemency movement or whatever was going on. So
we watched from the sidelines in horror.
Finally, when everything had been lost and they were going to be executed, the
execution was set for eight o'clock in the evening on a Friday night. Because
of the Jewish Sabbath, to preserve its sanctity, the execution had to be
completed before sundown. The hypocrisy of it is mind-blowing.
Anyway, that evening, we had been invited to an evening gathering at the home
of a colleague of Ted's in Westchester. We were driving up from Queens where we
lived. The road took us parallel to the Hudson River past Ossining, the town
where Sing Sing Prison is. It was eight o'clock, and as we drove by the sun was
setting. It was red, and it was large over the river going down. I
absentmindedly switched on the radio and, believe it or not, they were
broadcasting the last movement of Mahler's Ninth Symphony, a farewell symphony,
which is some of the most sad, heartbreaking music that exists. It was a
symphony that Ted and I were both very familiar with.
So we rode along listening to Mahler and watching the sun go down and feeling
indescribable. We didn't say anything, not a word. We got to our colleague's
house and did what people have to do in gatherings like that, then went
NOVA: Were you thinking, God, that could have been us?
Joan Hall: Of course.
NOVA: Tell me about that.
Joan Hall: Of course, we had to think that could have been us. But I remember
thinking about those two children. When we saw the photographs of Michael and
Robert in the newspaper, it was so heartbreaking. [Read an interview with
Michael and Robert Meeropol, the Rosenberg's sons.] Of course, we thought our
little girl, who was then two and a half, could have been orphaned like them.
It was just such a terrible thing, such a terrible loss. We didn't know them,
but they were like our brother and sister, the way we felt about them.
Ted wasn't a person who spoke a lot about his feelings. But during the period
when there was some hope of clemency he felt so terrible about the coming
execution that he thought perhaps if he were to confess what he had done and
say that he had done more than they did, that that would take the pressure off
them to some extent.
"Perhaps Ted felt that he should share their
fate in some way."
I said, "That's crazy. It wouldn't do them any good, and it would ruin us." But
he had a meeting coming up with one of the Russians, and he said he
would ask him about it. So I said, "Well, you can ask, but..." As it turned
out he did, and they did not think it would be a good idea. So thank goodness,
it was forgotten. I think Ted was really quite relieved. But it shows how
strongly he felt about it. It wasn't that he felt guilty. He just felt here are
these two people being subjected to the most terrible fate, and here was he
standing on the sidelines. I don't know, perhaps he felt that he should share
their fate in some way.
NOVA: Now let's talk about another difficult time. What happened with the FBI
Joan Hall: Ted was working at the lab, and along came this FBI guy. He got
permission from the head of the lab to take Ted off downtown to the office. At
the same time Savy, who was at the time driving a taxi, was pulled off the
street and brought into the office. Neither knew that the other was
I didn't know anything about it until about the time he normally would have got
home from the lab, say six o'clock, when he phoned and said in a rather strange
voice, "I've been detained." I intuited right away what was going on. He said
he'd get home as soon as he could. So I waited, and eventually he came home,
not too late, maybe seven or eight o'clock.
That was something we obviously had to talk about in the house, this experience
with the FBI. And what we obviously had to do was get rid of anything in the
house that might create a problem in any way. There was certainly nothing
incriminating in the house, but there was a lot of left-wing books and
At the time I was membership secretary for the local branch of the Progressive
Party, so I had a card file with all the people's names and addresses. We took
all the left-wing stuff, packed it in boxes, and put it in the car. I put
Ruthie into her snow suit and strapped her into her car seat. She was then
just over a year. We took the file with the names and addresses and got in the
The first thing we did was to go to some friends who were also members of the
Progressive Party, handed them the card file, and told them we were dropping
out of everything. We couldn't explain why. That left them completely
flabbergasted and mystified. It was hard. It was hard. These were our friends.
Then we got back in the car and drove to the bridge that crosses over the
Chicago drainage canal. We dumped all the stuff into the canal. I don't believe
we were followed on that occasion. I can't be sure, but I don't think we were.
Then we were out of everything. That was 1951. The fact was that either
formally or informally we had parted company with the Soviets.
"They were keeping the room very, very warm to make him feel
sweaty and anxious."
NOVA: That interrogation was the closest Ted ever came to being caught. What
did he say it was like?
Joan Hall: It's hard to remember just what questions Ted told me they had
asked. I remember he told me that he realized after things had been going on
for some time that they had Savy in the next room, and that they were
exchanging information. He told me that at a certain point he realized that
they were keeping the room very, very warm to make him feel
sweaty and anxious. So he said he deliberately relaxed and just watched them
with amusement as they wiped their brows.
He and Savy had agreed beforehand that if they were interrogated, they would
simply deny everything, which they did. And the FBI agents couldn't get
anything out of them. They kept trying to get them to contradict each other,
but since they weren't saying anything, they weren't contradicting each other.
NOVA: In the end, Ted just got up and walked out, and that was the end of it,
Joan Hall: There were actually two meetings with the FBI. The first, I think,
was on a Friday afternoon and evening. And that evening was when we threw the
stuff in the canal and dropped our political activity. When Ted left them that
evening, he promised to come back on Monday morning. They asked him to
reconsider, and he said he would. So he went back on that Monday morning,
having decided during the weekend that the right approach was simply to
cut things short.
He went, and he told them he didn't want to have anything more to do with them,
that he was cutting it off. They became rather demanding and threatened to lock
him up. He didn't react to that. They said, "We're going to lock you up right
now." At that point Ted picked up his coat. He told me, "I walked out of the
room into the hall. They followed me. I pushed the button for the elevator. The
elevator came. I got in. They didn't come in. The elevator went down to the
street. I got out. I walked out of the building. I was on the street. They
didn't follow me."
He called me right away, and he came home. It was hard to believe they let him
go like that after threatening to lock him up. He just called their
NOVA: Were you aware of the FBI surveilling you after that?
Joan Hall: Well, first of all, they came to repair our telephone, meaning that
they put some kind of bug into it, which is what we expected. Then they
followed us when we were in the car. When Ted noticed that there was someone
following behind us, he would signal me by giving a little wiggle with his
little finger to indicate that we had a tail. But as we never went anywhere
that they were interested in, it never created a problem. I guess it made us
laugh a bit—all of this surveillance for nothing.
The rest of what I know about their surveillance, I think, came from [FBI
agent] Robert McQueen's interviews with some other people, in which he said
that they searched our trash. I love to picture them going through our trash.
I'm sorry that it was before the age of disposable diapers. But it's a very
nice picture; it gives me great pleasure. I know they opened our post, which I
believe is illegal, opening people's letters. But the trash is what I liked
"There was a definite chance that the world was going to
collapse around us."
NOVA: Joan, you're making light, and that's the way people deal with difficult
things. But what were your fears? What was your worst fear?
Joan Hall: We knew that there was a definite chance that the world was going to
collapse around us, that our lives were going to be wrecked, that Ted would be
indicted, that there would be a horrible trial. This was before the Rosenberg
affair had become quite as deadly as it eventually proved to be. But it was
It's odd that we were not more frightened than we were. I think we both had a
feeling of why get scared in advance. If the worst happens it will happen, and
then things will be bad, very bad. But there was no point in going through the
whole angst of it before it even happens. I've always felt that way.
I can't remember palpitating with fear, or going hot and cold, or having
nightmares. I just don't. My greatest fear was that Ruthie was going to end up
in the care of my mother, which would have been a disaster. The idea of a death
sentence was something that never even occurred to us at that stage. It was
NOVA: But once the Rosenbergs had been executed....
Joan Hall: That was different. After the Rosenbergs were executed, the
perceptible danger to us was obviously much greater than it had been
before. We had not thought in terms of a possible death sentence.
But there's another part of the story that needs to be told to make that hold
together. For all the following of us around with cars and whatnot, they never
got their money's worth at all. At a certain point they stopped, and we didn't
have any more tails.
Sometime after they stopped, a Soviet guy came to Chicago and made contact with
Savy, who lived not far from us with his wife and baby. Savy came to the door
of the little pre-fab where we were living and said, "I want Ted to come for a
walk right now."
So Ted went out. A little later he returned, took out the magic slate on which
I used to draw funny pictures for the baby, and wrote, "A friend from NY" on
different places on the slate, then scribbled it all over. I had more or less
guessed that that was what it was about.
They hadn't known about the FBI interrogating Ted and Savy; that was the first
they heard about it. They realized that they had to take account of it and if
possible take measures to prevent disaster. That was when they insisted that
since Ted, I think, wanted to change his job anyway, that we should move to New
York. I actually was quite glad to move to New York. It was sort of an
Ted found it very easy to get a job in New York, a very good job, at the
Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research. And we upped sticks with our two
and a half year old child. That would have been mid-'52.
NOVA: Were you concerned about putting your kid in jeopardy? Did you think
about that a lot, "Ted, Jesus, what are we doing here?" Especially after your
second child was born.
Joan Hall: We broke all connections with the Soviets before Debbie was born.
She was born in May 1954, and by that time it was definitely, definitely over.
They had accepted that we didn't want anymore to do with it. They said goodbye,
we're sorry to lose you, but we have no guns. They were quite amiable about it
in the end. They just accepted defeat. They'd tried and tried to keep him in.
Oh, God, it was a wonderful relief for me and I imagine for him.
About the children? I do think Ted worried about it a bit. I mean, we had the
children after we knew about this whole thing. Debbie was conceived after the
interrogation. We must have decided that we were safe enough. I don't think we
felt we were risking much at the time, and as it turned out, we were
"We don't know why the FBI gave up on us."
NOVA: The FBI gave up on you guys. Why?
Joan Hall: We don't really know why they gave up on us. From a legal point of
view, they apparently didn't have a leg to stand on. I'm not sure about the
timing of it, but they may well have had one or more of the Venona documents
at that time indicating for sure that Ted
was involved. But the Venona documents were probably not usable as evidence
because there were too many stages in the transmission of these things. They
were written in Russian, put in code, and transmitted. Then they were decoded
in the United States, translated into English but with big gaps and lots and
lots of questions, queries, and unclear points. It just wouldn't stand up as
evidence apparently. The original cables were not available. These were copies
of copies of copies of translations and so on.
So my guess is that they didn't feel they could prosecute Ted without either a
confession or some witness who would testify that Ted had done this. Since Ted
and Savy were not about to confess, and no such witness could be found, they
were flat-footed. They obviously could have produced another frame-up like they
did for the Rosenbergs. In the Rosenbergs' case at least they had something
like a witness in the form of David Greenglass. I can conjecture that they
didn't feel like managing two frame-ups at once.
NOVA: You meet the criteria of an accomplice. Did you ever think that?
Joan Hall: I never thought of myself as an accomplice. I suppose if anybody had
suggested it to me, I would have said, "Well, I suppose so." It was
extraordinary how little frightened we were. I don't understand it myself. But
we took it very coolly. Not only Ted, but me. And Savy. I think Savy rather
liked the kind of cloak and dagger aspect of it.
NOVA: Meetings were arranged with Ted and the Soviets. Some of them were
involved in recognition signals, and some of them were in sort of very
Joan Hall: There were several meetings between Ted and agents in New York City,
both before and after we moved there. They were arranged by previous agreement,
of course. And there was a signal that I recall was in the form of a number
10 written in the lower right-hand corner of a certain advertising poster in a
certain underground subway station in the 8th Avenue subway.
I think there were recognition signals. You wear a hat, you carry a folded
newspaper or something like that. I think also there was some ghastly cuff
links or tie clips with pictures of horses on them, which were used for
recognition. But I don't remember very well about that.
The meetings would be held in various locations in New York. It really is
impossible to fathom the idiocy of how this happened, but apparently they
arranged a meeting in the middle of Harlem, where Ted and his contact would
have been the only white faces visible anywhere. But they were never caught.
Those meetings were always successful.
"All that risk, all that
terrible danger, was for nothing."
The thing about those meetings was that nothing happened. There was no exchange
of information. They were nothing but contacts. The meetings were for keeping
the machinery of contact going. They were not for passing any information.
Nothing was happening. So all that risk, all that terrible danger, was for
NOVA: Are you angry about that?
Joan Hall: Yes. Yes, I think, it was a frightful mistake on the part of the
Soviets and on Ted's part too, for anyone to lend themselves to taking that
kind of risk without having some tangible prospect of gain from it for
NOVA: Did you argue with Ted about him staying in the network?
Joan Hall: Probably, but I don't remember. We had very few chances to argue
about that sort of thing because of the problem of not being able to speak in
the house or the car. When we were out, we had Ruthie with us. It was reallyvery difficult to find suitable circumstances and times and places to have
that sort of conversation.
NOVA: Did you ever think you'd have to flee to the Soviet Union?
Joan Hall: Of course there was the possibility that if things got really hot
for us that we might be swept away to the Soviet Union. In fact, that was, I
think, one thing they had in mind when they insisted that we move to New
NOVA: How did you feel about that?
Joan Hall: Two ways. One way was I definitely thought it was an exciting idea.
The prospect of seeing the Soviet Union, of seeing Russia, of learning to speak
Russian, the whole thing. I mean, I was very naïve, and I was a baby
socialist. On one level I thought it would be great. But to take up and leave
your whole life behind was something that didn't particularly attract me. It
certainly would have been pretty miserable. I don't think Ted liked the idea at
all. He didn't have that attraction for foreign parts that I had, or the
interest in Russia that I've always had, irrespective of politics.
NOVA: If you knew then what you know now about the Soviet Union, would you have
counseled Ted to do what he did, passing on atomic secrets?
Joan Hall: That is an unanswerable question because I wasn't with him at the
time that he passed on atomic secrets. He has said that if he knew then what he
knew later, he would not have done so. When he was pressed about this, why
wouldn't he—because, after all, if the problem was to break the American
monopoly it shouldn't have mattered—the only answer he could think of was
just on an emotional level that he wouldn't have wanted to do something if he
knew the Soviet Union was a horrible, repressive dictatorship, as it turned out
NOVA: Robert McQueen says Ted Hall was a traitor. Nothing more, nothing
Joan Hall: Robert McQueen would say that Ted Hall betrayed his country. What
was Ted Hall's country? Was it the American government, which was scheming the
whole while to use the atomic bomb as a threat to hold over the heads of the
rest of the world? The American government, which dropped the atomic bomb on
Japanese cities and killed hundreds of thousands of people for no good reason?
(Like many people, I don't believe that this was necessary to end the war,
because it was ending anyway.) Is his country the American government, or is
his country the American people?
"He certainly broke the law. But
he did not betray his country."
He certainly broke the law. He certainly broke his security oath. He certainly
acted against the interest of the American government at the time. But he did
not betray his country. He didn't betray the people. Everything that he did was
done because of his concern for the people of the United States as much as the
people of any other part of the world. It was a humanitarian act. His motive
was a humanitarian motive.
Now, if you want to call that treason, go right ahead. But I can't see it as in
any way reprehensible. It was sad and painful that it was something that had to
be done secretly, that there was any deception involved. Ted was the least
secretive, the least deceptive person you can imagine. He was honest to a
degree that most people never get near. He didn't tell lies at all, even by
omission. He was so truthful.
I was married to him for 52 years, and he never lied to me, not once. Nor did I
lie to him. It was not in his nature to deceive anyone. He hated the deception
involved. But that's not treason. Robert McQueen can say what he wants about
Ted. I don't think very much of him either.
NOVA: On a trip to New Mexico, you wanted to take a side trip to Los Alamos, he
said no, is that right?
Joan Hall: Around 1987 Ted attended a scientific meeting in his honor in
Albuquerque. I said, "How far is Los Alamos? It would be nice to go there." Ted
absolutely didn't want to, so that was the end of that idea.
NOVA: Did he talk about why he didn't want to?
Joan Hall: He didn't say why he didn't want to go, but it was pretty obvious
from his face. The whole thing was just distasteful to him. He didn't want to
remember. He didn't want to go back to that.
NOVA: Were Ted and Saville double agents?
Joan Hall: Hell no! That is the most ridiculous thing I ever heard in my life!
The answer is no, they were not double agents. Most certainly not.
NOVA: Anything you'd like to say in closing?
Joan Hall: I'd just like to make it clear, in case it's not already clear from
what I said before, that I have the greatest respect and admiration for what
Ted did. He was a magnificent person, and it was really a great honor to have
lived with him for 52 years. He was a normal guy. We had a normal marriage. It
had its ups and downs. But he was an exceptional person. The way his daughters
talk about him makes that clear. [Read an interview with Ruth Hall, the
Hall's elder daughter.] He was a person who inspired tremendous affection and
confidence in the people he came into contact with.
After he died, I received a letter from a woman who was a scientific colleague
working in the lab next door to his at Sloan-Kettering. Her letter said, "Ted
was simply the best person I have ever known in all my life. The best friend,
the best colleague, the wisest advisor." She went on to say that she respected
him enormously for his integrity in acting on his principles. That kind of
sentiment has been expressed by so many people. He was a person who really,
really made people love him. He certainly made me love him.
very glad the secret came out."
NOVA: Are you glad the secret came out?
Joan Hall: Oh, I'm very glad the secret came out. Even though he wasn't. He
would have been happy to go to his grave without having to think about it
again. But I felt it put together the two ends of his life, so to speak. And he
got rid of the secret. The secret was a burden to him. It was something that
made him feel bad.
Once the secret came out, he was still very nervous about what might happen.
But eventually he was reassured that he wasn't going to be prosecuted, and that
people did not reject him. That was something he was very much afraid of. I
think he could hardly believe it. Although it didn't surprise me, not at
But I think that it made his life whole in a way; it wouldn't have been whole
if he had died before this became known. Most of what I know about that early
time, I've learned in the past few years. I wouldn't have been able to give a
coherent explanation of his motives and his thinking if he had died before
anyone asked me. So I'm very glad that it came out early enough for him and me
to set the record straight, and so that people can understand what kind of
person he was, and why he did what he did, which I feel was right. | <urn:uuid:98b70acc-0c23-4b7a-8e8b-0118c5aaf367> | 2013-05-18T17:18:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This video details the dangers of rip currents and explains how to identify rip currents, as well as how to stay safe. Swimming in Prince Edward Island National Park of Canada is an ideal way to spend a summer day. But before heading into the water make sure that you and your family know how to break the grip of the rip.
Rip currents are powerful, fast-moving seaward currents that can pull even the strongest swimmers out to sea. Be safe. Know how to swim, never swim alone and, when in doubt, don’t go out. If you become caught in a rip current, don’t fight the current; swim out of the current, then to shore. If you can’t escape, float or tread water. If you need help, call or wave for assistance. | <urn:uuid:2c4f00f9-b134-4d88-9686-898cc1364182> | 2013-05-18T18:07:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"Ever had problems opening or running applications even when your system has a LOT of free memory? Isn't it puzzling to get "Out Of Memory" errors when you evidently have a lot of free memory??
What you are actually facing is a lack of desktop heap! Today, we will show you just how to fix this annoying problem once and for all!" | <urn:uuid:b66f523e-ab5c-4b3c-ba5e-54728a0783d5> | 2013-05-18T17:17:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Amidst criticism for his comments in a Playboy interview – including racist remarks and racy details of sex with Jessica Simpson – John Mayer issued a tearful, lengthy apology at his concert in Nashville on Wednesday night.
Wringing his hands on stage, the troubled guitarist told his audience at the Sommet Center that he fell into "a wormhole of selfishness, greediness and arrogance" and "in the quest to be clever, forgot about the people who love me and that I love."
Mayer, who was visibly choked up, added that his bandmates were on stage with him "not because they condone what I say in any given interview ... but they support myself as a possible future grown-up."
Mayer also said he's "done" with the media game, saying, "I just want to play my guitar," before introducing the band members individually.
During his emotional apology, the audience cheered and screamed. Before the show Mayer Tweeted: "I just wanted to play the guitar for people. Everything else just sort of popped up and I improvised, and kept doubling down on it." | <urn:uuid:d435c379-7df6-4ea7-bf3b-975853f19862> | 2013-05-18T18:07:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Too early in the morning to think about weak/static/dynamic typing. Also too long since my CS classes (about 20 months!). Perhaps using Perl means I don't care too much about typing. Or is that just stereotyping?
How can you feel when you're made of steel? I am made of steel. I am the Robot Tourist. Robot Tourist, by Ten Benson
Stereotypes are often considered a bad thing, that one tries to avoid and still can't help using. OTHOH how could our brains manage to think and set focus on some things while simplifying others, if not with stereotypes?
Hm ... if there are stereotypes in programming (as a technical term) I don't know its meaning and would be happy to be enlightened about it.
While the word "stereotype" can denote simple "cataloguing" or "categorization" of a concept, the most common connotation of the word implies an oversimplified and often biased mental image. In this sense, it generally means that the person is not actually thinking about the thing itself, but is rather using the conventional image that was received or formed at some previous time. Therefore I wouldn't say that it's any sort of prerequisite for mental functioning, and could even be seen as a hindrance to real "thought".
Is everyone's opinion on what the difference between strong and dynamic typing in sync?
I have the impression that static is that it's known in advance, and strong is that it's enforced. Usually strong typing is a prerequisite to static typing, but does not imply when the type check is made.
I like your definitions, so I'll try to put together a short list of some of the languages I know and where they fit in the scale.
Strong and static: Haskell, ML, PL/SQL, Java (but only if they implemented generics properly so you wouldn't need typecasting)
Strong and dynamic: Perl, Lisp, Scheme
Weak and static: C, C++, Pascal, Java (as is)
The reason (as I understand it) that it is possible to have weakly-typed but also statically-typed languages is because of typecasts: you are essentially instructing the compiler to ignore the type declarations you've already given it. Also note that the first two languages I listed under Strong and Static allow total type polymorphism so that the same functions and data structures can apply to arbitrarily many types, but compile-time resolution still has to be possible.
Your definitions are close to what is in the litature. Really, "strong" and "static" are orthoginal. Being static means that your language needs to have some means of determining the types at compile time, while strong means those types are difficult to change during execution (runtime). Pascal/C/etc. determine the types via special syntax (int foo, bar; and such), while more modern Hindley-Milner type systems can figure it out based on what you do with the variable the first time you use it.
"There is no shame in being self-taught, only in not trying to learn in the first place." -- Atrus, Myst: The Book of D'ni.
touch-typing is the only way to go... writing with pens sucks for my generation... bout 80% of the other options went over-my-head, but who cares? if they were useful to me I guess I would know them...
Touch typing definitely gets it done for me except when
I'm using one of my many Palm-OS devices. Then touch typing
doesn't apply since I never got one of them folding keyboards
that you see on the market for them.
The way I figure it the times I'd want to use a keyboard
with my Palm device is normally when I have access to my
laptop or desktop machine and they have keyboards already.
Stereo-typing? On one hand I avoid it like the
plague and on the other some folks insist on being a living
stereo-type of one fashion or another. At least that is
I get a laugh everytime I meet one of those folks as
they are they ones usually complaining about the stereotype
affecting the "grouping" they belong to and I
don't necessarily refer to race either.
Geno-typing? That stuff scares the hell out of me. If
Big Brother® ever figures out a way to use that to
predict people's behavior we are all in big trouble.
Maybe I'm being paranoid there, but paranoia has saved
my butt on more that one occasion during my lifetime.
Scarier thought: Typing genes and using them for goofy purposes such as carreers to see who is "genetically qualified" for the job, and insurance to see if you are too risky to insure. Although, I do not think this will happen in my lifetime, so I am not worried about it :). If you have not seen Gatica yet, this is where these ideas came from (for me) ;).
Yes, I know all the lewd jokes about one-handed typing. However, I shattered several bones in my left hand when I was younger, and was faced with the need to type one-handed. I learned the right-handed Dvorak layout out of necessity. My old speed was quickly matched, then surpassed.
I've since regained the use of my left hand (gotta love good surgeons), but I continue to use right-hand Dvorak. I type around 80WPM, which is plenty fast for code. And, I have a hand free to look up code in the Cookbook, sip my coffee, adjust my stereo, and so on.
An additional added benefit: if I get RSI in my right hand, I will just learn left-handed Dvorak, and let my right recover. ;-)
Anima Legato .oO all things connect through the motion of the mind | <urn:uuid:e93726b1-bdf4-453e-a7af-c024898cfa3d> | 2013-05-18T17:20:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|To stop your cat from walking across your computer keyboard, you may be able to use the same methods that can be successful at keeping cats off of the counter.
If you see the cat starting to jump up on the desk with the keyboard, you can throw a pop can filled with a few coins and taped shut, toward the cat. We do not want to hit the cat, but want to startle him so he stops what he is doing. This works fine if we are waiting for him, but not when we are not in the room.
There are several devices available commercially which may be helpful. Large plastic devices which look like mousetraps can be placed on the desk near the keyboard, and when the cat jumps on them, the paddle will slap making a loud, scary noise. There may be other items your particular cat does not like because of the sound they make, e.g., cans of air used to clean computer keyboards. Some cats may even come to associate the hissing sound of the air with the sight of the can, and avoid going near the can (which can be conveniently placed next to the keyboard).
Hard plastic keyboard covers are also available. The cover simply goes over your keyboard when it is not in use.
Remember, though, by keeping your cat off the keyboard, you will never know if she has some hidden literary talent! | <urn:uuid:850b5429-f245-492c-b46f-b212c28755b0> | 2013-05-18T17:48:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Bringing a pet to work is certainly an idea that I love. Yet, is it really the best decision from the perspective of pet health and safety? In honor of Take Your Dog to Work Day (6/22/12), I feel compelled to explore this topic. My intention is not to play "Debbie Downer" (cue the "wha-wha-wha" soundtrack), but my own dog has suffered repeat bouts of a life threatening illness that has been kept at bay, in part, due to his current infrequent visits to my workplace.
Here’s some background on my point of view. For years, I looked forward to getting a dog and having him accompany me to my veterinary hospital jobs. I acquired Cardiff as a three-month-old puppy when we lived in Washington and he frequently went with me to work.
Unfortunately, Cardiff’s hospital-bound days turned out to be quite stressful for him. As an energetic puppy in need of constant training, Cardiff didn't take well to being confined to a cage or a plastic airline carrier while I saw my patients. He would vocalize, jump at the cage door in an obsessively circular motion, and occasionally soiled his cage with urine or feces.
I did my best to reduce Cardiff’s stressful experience by providing vigorous pre-work exercise and frequently taking him out for socialization, training, and the opportunity to urinate and defecate. As he matured, the distress behavior reduced but remained, so I sought out activities to expend his exuberant youthful energy outside of the hospital setting. While I worked, Cardiff would often hike with a pet sitter or stay at home with a friend.
Upon moving to Los Angeles, my professional responsibilities included overnight emergency duty. In those circumstances, the quieter late night hospital setting permitted Cardiff to lead a more cage-free existence, but for a leash attaching him to my desk. Occasionally, Cardiff wandered free through the hospital’s treatment area, which seemingly sufficed some of his energetic needs by providing socialization with my coworkers and their personal pets. During my day shifts, Cardiff remained in a cage just like when we lived in Washington. This frequent confinement created stress for him on an ongoing basis. When Cardiff’s illness emerged I was abruptly and urgently forced to address the "bring my dog to work with me" issue.
About a year and a half after we moved to Southern California, Cardiff developed his first episode of Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA). The exact cause of Cardiff’s IMHA is unknown despite an extensive battery of diagnostic blood, urine, and imaging tests I’ve run during each of his three IMHA occurrences.
Besides his immunosuppressive medication, nutraceuticals, Chinese herbs, and whole-food based diet, Cardiff’s ongoing health maintenance plan includes reducing his exposure to infectious organisms, immunostimulants (including vaccinations), toxins, and stress. Optimally functioning adrenal glands are essential for supporting the immune system's management of the stressors pets are exposed to on a day-to-day basis, including environmental variations, food changes, infectious organisms, and others.
I’ve also made positive changes to my professional life, as I’m primarily house-call based, except for weekly responsibilities at the Veterinary Cancer Group (VCG). I don’t take Cardiff with me on my house calls, so he primarily stays at home with his "other daddy." Additionally, VCG is a calmer environment where I keep Cardiff leashed to my desk during the infrequent occasions he does accompany me. Cardiff's holistic wellness plan takes into account all aspects of his existence that I can reasonably control and has contributed to the best management of his IMHA, which last reared its ugly head in December of 2009.
Both veterinary and human hospitals are places of illness where disease frequently walks in and out, or potentially stays (or even takes up residence, as the Salmonella bacteria did at the University of Pennsylvania’s New Bolton Center in 2004). Therefore, it’s really best for veterinarians’ personal pets to primarily stay away from their master’s work place.
Fortunately, the general population of pet lovers who face this dilemma are not veterinarians and their pets likely will not be exposed to the infectious organisms that lurk in veterinary hospitals.
Although I love the idea of bringing my dog to work, my personal experience has led to the professional perspective that it's not in the best interest of his health. As a result, I hope that others who currently take, or plan to take, their dog, cat, or other pet to work highly consider their pet’s health as the utmost of priority in determining if pet accompaniment is really the most appropriate decision.
Dr. Patrick Mahaney
Image: Cardiff shows "self restraint" while he is tethered to my desk at my previous place of work (the emergency hospital), by Dr. Mahaney | <urn:uuid:29278e22-aa6a-49a5-a584-ae1a8c0c405a> | 2013-05-18T17:19:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hematemesis (Vomiting Blood) in Dogs
By: Dr. Bari Spielman
Read By: Pet Lovers
Coagulopathies or bleeding disorders should be considered, especially if there is evidence of bleeding from other body sites as well. There are many different types of clotting disorders that can cause hematemesis.
Hematemesis is the presence of flakes, streaks or clots of fresh blood in the vomitus, or the presence of digested blood in the vomitus. Digested blood is often described as looking like coffee grounds. Hematemesis may be the only clinical sign, or it may be accompanied by other clinical signs. It is sometimes difficult for the pet owner to distinguish between true hematemesis, which involves bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract, from secondary hematemesis, which involves the vomiting of swallowed blood. Sneezing or coughing blood, and/or blood dripping from the mouth are signs of bleeding that may be swallowed into the stomach, and then secondarily vomited. A careful history and thorough physical examination will help distinguish between them.
True hematemesis usually indicates a serious underlying disease, and generally warrants hospitalization, extensive diagnostic testing, and supportive care. It is best to determine the underlying cause, and treat the specific problem, rather than attempting only symptomatic therapy.
There are many potential causes for hematemesis. The most common causes are usually diseases or disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, although in some cases, clotting disorders (coagulopathies) may result in bleeding even though the gastrointestinal tract is essentially healthy.
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) is a syndrome seen in dogs whose cause is unknown. The dog usually experiences acute bloody diarrhea, although vomiting and/or hematemesis is may be seen as well.
Gastrointestinal ulcerations or erosions are one of the more common causes of hematemesis. These ulcers can occur with many different disorders, such as:
The overproduction of stomach acid from stress and certain tumors
Infiltrative diseases of the wall of the stomach or upper intestines, such as inflammatory bowel disease
Chronic inflammation of the esophagus, especially with regurgitation of acidic stomach contents
Chronic inflammation of the stomach, especially from bacteria such as Helicobacter
Metabolic diseases, such as kidney failure, chronic liver disease and hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease)
Administration of drugs that affect the lining of the stomach, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids
Gastrointestinal foreign bodies or tumors, especially of the esophagus, stomach, upper small intestine
Perioperative hemorrhage (bleeding associated with surgical procedures) as in cases of gastrotomy (cutting into the stomach), gastrostomy (creating an opening in the stomach), or repair of a gastric dilatation volvulus (bloat/torsion)
Heavy metal intoxication with arsenic, lead and zinc (uncommon causes of hematemesis)
Following anaphylaxis (a severe life-threatening allergic reaction) or septic shock (shock due to an overwhelming bacterial infection) | <urn:uuid:b9bc048c-6b16-4988-b3a5-260862a8dc82> | 2013-05-18T17:58:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Prints, drawings, and photographs comprise the largest group of objects in the Museum’s collections, including more than 150,000 works of art on paper dating from the fifteenth century to the present.
Highlights from the Collections
Especially distinguished in the areas of European old master prints and American prints from the 1930s and 1940s, the print collection also boasts significant holdings from Latin America and Japan. In addition, it is home to the Ars Medica Collection of medical and pharmaceutical prints, posters, and ephemera—the only such collection housed in an art museum.
Highlights of the drawings collection include many sheets by European old masters, especially Italian drawings. Other strengths include the drawings of Thomas Eakins and Auguste Rodin; modern American and European watercolors, collages, and gouaches; and manuscripts, boxes, and ephemera by Marcel Duchamp.
The Museum's collection of photography includes more than 28,000 prints, with great concentrations of work by Alfred Stieglitz, Paul Strand, and other major American and European figures. Additional strengths are Surrealist photography and work by Eugène Atget.
Because of sensitivity to light and other conservation concerns, the objects on view in these galleries rotate frequently. | <urn:uuid:35e2edfa-b3ad-4513-bd44-5eb99ec9bbc9> | 2013-05-18T17:39:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Which Digital Camera - Camera Finder
Enter this section if you are looking for a more advanced camera with the ability to change lenses to suit your needs. You will find entry-level cameras through to high-end models favoured by professional photographers.
Enter this section if you are looking for the convenience of a compact camera but the photographic power of a DSLR. You will find both point-and-shoot cameras as well models offering more advanced functionality.
Enter this section if you are looking for a small easy-to-use camera. You will find a wide range of models to suit every budget all of which offer a wide range of features for everyday shooting. | <urn:uuid:77da75ab-4428-406b-8769-44bd49b0faf4> | 2013-05-18T17:27:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Click on a subject for more information about formatting rules:
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of the property is everything on the line after the colon. Multiline properties
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to display the actual image.
Any line that starts with at least one space will be fixed-width formatted. Good
for code and simple tables.
Start a line with a tab (or 8 spaces) followed by a star '*'. Two tabs (or 16 spaces)
indents to the next level, etc. For ordered lists, use '1.' instead of '*'
Four hyphens makes a horizontal rule.
Surround the text with three ticks ('''). For example, '''this text will be bold'''
Surround the text with two ticks (''). For example, ''this text will be italic''
Bang (!) at the start of a line for H1. Bang Bang (!!) at the start of a line for
H2. And so on...
Any PascalCased word becomes a link. Surrounding a word with square brackets [ word
] will make non-pascalcased words into links; generally this is considered 'odd'.
Any URL becomes a link (http://www.msn.com)
All the common emoticons like :-) and :-( are turned into the apprpriate graphical
images (like in messenger).
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||Region || Sales||
||East || $100||
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March 5, 06
Just a note to say thank you for the excellent service.
The headstones arrived at my door 8 days after I mailed the order to you! I could not believe it! I would have been satisfied if they had come by April 1st.
Not only that, they are very very nice and I am well pleased with them.
It's been a pleasure to do business with you. | <urn:uuid:2bafae8d-b113-473e-bf90-ca569de8fa4a> | 2013-05-18T17:37:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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a-bull wrote:SisMorphine wrote:756 . . . after a couple of tries
awww, come on . . . I went with my first score!!
SisMorphine wrote:Oooh 883! Damn this is addictive . . .
Asta wrote:Well i suck too haha i got 77 as my best attempt! Might be because i dont have a mouse but tried with the fingerpad? Is that a halfdecent excuse ?
Users browsing this forum: No registered users | <urn:uuid:4701b1cb-db4c-40c8-bc2d-dbe12d04ea77> | 2013-05-18T17:28:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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For my most recent experiment on this thread, I decided to modify the mixing and kneading regimen that I have been using to date. This time I decided to dispense with my KitchenAid stand mixer and instead to use a combination of an electric hand mixer, a bowl-type sieve (to sift the flour), a sturdy wooden spoon, and hand kneading. What I most wanted to see is if this combination could produce a dough with exceptional handling qualities—better than using a KitchenAid stand mixer. If successful, this would mean that one could make a high quality dough without needing a KitchenAid or equivalent stand mixer—only an electric hand mixer, a sieve, and a sturdy spoon—and a bowl, of course.
To conduct the experiment, I settled on the following dough formulation (a modification of the basic Lehmann dough formulation):
KASL Flour (100%): 277.71 g | 9.8 oz | 0.61 lbs
Water (65%): 180.51 g | 6.37 oz | 0.4 lbs
Salt (1.75%): 4.86 g | 0.17 oz | 0.01 lbs | 0.87 tsp | 0.29 tbsp
IDY (0.40%): 1.11 g | 0.04 oz | 0 lbs | 0.37 tsp | 0.12 tbsp
Oil (1%): 2.78 g | 0.1 oz | 0.01 lbs | 0.6 tsp | 0.2 tbsp
Total (168.15%): 466.96 g | 16.47* oz | 1.03 lbs | TF = 0.107
* Actual dough weight = 16.25 oz.
As will be noted from the above formulation, I elected to use a hydration of 65%. This is in line with my recent experiments, which have been successful with that hydration percent. I increased the yeast (IDY) a bit to compensate for the onset of winter in Texas (which means a cooler kitchen), and I used a thickness factor of 0.107 to compensate for minor dough losses during the course of mixing and kneading. Also as a concession to the arrival of winter, I warmed the water to about 72 degrees F before using. Using this water temperature, the finished dough temperature of the dough as it went into the refrigerator was about 74 degrees F. The dough produced using the above formulation was for one 14” pizza.
The following describes the steps used to make the dough:
1) Place the water in a bowl, add the salt, and stir for about 30-45 seconds to completely dissolve. (Note: If sugar is used, it also can be dissolved in the water after dissolving the salt, or separately in warm water, if desired. If ADY is substituted for the IDY, it can be rehydrated in a small amount of the formula water, for about 10 minutes, at around 100 degrees F, and be added to the rest of the formula water, which will be cooler.)
2) Stir the yeast (IDY) in with the flour and place within a bowl-type sieve (see first photo below). The openings in the sieve should be as small as possible but big enough to allow the yeast particles to pass through. In lieu of a sieve, a manually operated flour sifter can also be used.
3) Sift a small amount of the flour/yeast mixture into the bowl and, using an electric hand mixer (see second photo) operating at its lowest speed, incorporate the flour/yeast mixture into the water. Continue to do this in an alternating manner until the hand mixer bogs down and can no longer easily mix the ingredients. Once this occurs, lift the beaters out of the dough and, with the beaters spinning, spin any sticking dough ingredients off of the beaters into the bowl. Set the mixer aside. Its job is done.
4) Continue to sift the flour/yeast mixture into the bowl intermittently and use a sturdy spoon (I use a large wooden spoon) to incorporate. When about 2/3-3/4 of the flour/yeast mixture has been sifted into the bowl and combined, add the oil and incorporate using the spoon. If needed, the hands can also be used.
5) Remove the contents of the bowl and put on a work surface. Continue to sift small amounts of the flour/yeast mixture on top of the dough and incorporate by kneading. Although not necessary, if the dough is too wet and hard to handle without it sticking to the fingers all over the place, a bench knife can be used to turn and fold the dough onto itself. Continue the process until all of the flour/yeast mixture has been sifted onto the dough and the dough takes on a generally smooth, soft and elastic feel with no tears on the outer surface. There may be some small bumps but they will smooth out and disappear once the dough starts to ferment. The total knead time will be about 4 minutes for the batch size involved. At the end of the 4-minute period, the dough should be fully hydrated and have a slightly tacky outer exterior. Unless the dough is obviously too wet and really sticking to the fingers, the temptation to add more flour should be resisted.
6) Form the dough into a ball and knead for about another minute using the punch and fold technique. For those unfamiliar with this technique, it is shown in Images 4a-4c at http://www.woodstone-corp.com/cooking_naples_style_dough.htm
. I do the kneading gently and for only a minute. It may well be that this step is unnecessary, especially for the small amount of dough involved, but it is fun and easy to do. When done, reshape the dough into a round ball, coat with a bit of oil, place into a container (see the third photo below), cover the container, and place it in the refrigerator.
Originally, I had planned to use the dough within about 2-3 days, but because of Christmas chores that period was extended to over 4 days. While in the refrigerator, the dough ball gradually flattened out, making it difficult to gauge the extent of its rise. Whatever dough expansion there was, it was quite modest. The dough was brought out of the refrigerator to room temperature and allowed to warm up for about 2-3 hours before using.
Overall, the dough was of exceptional quality. It was a bit on the extensible side, which was not particularly surprising after four days, but it was easy to handle and shape and stretch out to 14”. As I worked the dough, I could see that it had a uniform thickness and was completely smooth without any noticeable variations, layering or imperfections as I held the stretched out dough to the light and continued to stretch it even further. I could easily have stretched it out to 18” or better. From a handling standpoint, it was as good a dough as I have made, irrespective of machine or process although in the past I have achieved a similar quality of dough with exceptional handling qualities when I used a natural preferment, with a good example being the Raquel dough.
The results achieved suggest that a key element to achieving superior dough handling qualities is fully hydrating the flour. In this case, I would credit sifting the flour and using the electric hand mixer. A dough hook, and especially a C-hook as comes with my KitchenAid mixer, can’t do as good a job. So, for those who don’t have a KitchenAid or equivalent mixer but have a sieve and an electric hand mixer, they can make modest batches of high quality dough using only those simple tools along with hand kneading. Of course, for large dough batches, a machine may be the only logical option. While I didn’t use rest period during the preparation of the dough, doing so will facilitate making larger batches of dough, even with a high-gluten flour, and especially at a high hydration rate.
The final two photos show the finished pizza. The pizza (my standard pepperoni “test” pizza) had excellent flavor, although the cheeses started to brown before I had achieved the desired crust coloration. I used the Frigo brand of low moisture, part skim mozzarella cheese which, I know from past experience, browns quickly and can burn quite easily within a fairly short period of time. Also, I think a shorter fermentation period would have resulted in better crust coloration because of a higher residual sugar content. Although not readily apparent in the photos, there was a fair degree of blistering on the rim of the pizza. This was evidence that the dough was starting to overferment. I don’t mind blistering so that was not an issue for me.
As for the bake process itself, the pizza was baked on a 14” pizza screen for about 6 minutes at the second-from-the-top oven rack position and then moved onto a pizza stone (at the lowest oven rack position) that had been preheated for about an hour at 500-550 degrees F, to get increased bottom crust browning. After about a minute on the stone, the pizza was returned to its original position for about another minute. The broiler element was not needed or used. | <urn:uuid:c6247b01-7ce9-40b7-b2d6-a0ad7e7cd599> | 2013-05-18T18:07:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- 2tablespoonsbrown sugar
- 2tablespoonsbalsamic vinegar
- 2tablespoonsmaple syrup
- 2tablespoonsorange juice
- 1teaspoon mincedgarlic
- 1tablespoonolive oil
- 4boneless skinless chicken breasts
- 1/2teaspoongarlic salt
- 1/2cupbalsamic vinaigrette
- 2tablespoonsolive oil
- 1/2green bell pepper, sliced small
- 1/2red bell pepper, sliced small
- 2ouncessun-dried tomatoes packed in oil, chopped
- 2roma tomatoes, diced
- 4green onions, chopped
- 4ouncesfresh mushrooms, sliced
- 4ouncesfresh asparagus, chopped
- 12ouncesbow tie pasta
- Marinate chicken with salt, pepper, garlic salt, and balsamic vinegar salad dressing.
- Set aside while making the glaze.
- In a small saucepan, mix brown sugar, balsamic vinegar, maple syrup, orange juice, minced garlic, and olive oil.
- Bring mixture to a boil.
- Reduce heat and simmer for about 10 minutes.
- Remove from heat and set aside.
- Grill chicken over medium coals until done.
- Slice into strips when cool and set aside until pasta is ready to assemble.
- Add olive oil to a heated skillet.
- Place prepared vegetable in the olive oil and saute until tender, about 15 mintues.
- While vegetables are cooking, boil water and cook pasta until tender.
- Drain pasta and place in a large bowl.
- Add chicken, sauted vegetables, and balsamic vinegar glaze.
- Toss and serve.
- Add parmesan cheese if desired.
Posted in Recipes | No Comments » | <urn:uuid:69fe3325-7394-41e8-b242-12cdcbb4e850> | 2013-05-18T17:18:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ospreys full-back Hanno Dirksen is facing six months out after undergoing knee surgery.
The South African flyer is set to undergo surgery to repair cartilage in his right knee, with a rehabilitation period of around six months expected.
"We've spoken to several specialists and the view is it is in Hanno's best interests to have the surgery now," said Ospreys physio Chris Towers.
"We've taken a long term view on what is best for Hanno's career.
"At this stage we are probably looking at a post-op rehab process of around five to six months, it's not something we can rush."
Dirksen has been marked down as a long-term prospect for Wales, given that he will qualify to play for his adopted country in 2014.
The 21-year old initially joined the club when he was on a student visa, but was signed full-time in January 2011 and has gone on to score 14 tries so far in 42 appearances. | <urn:uuid:83c046bd-9799-4d13-bed9-6f81fbdd96f2> | 2013-05-18T18:06:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, the Upper Peninsula (or simply, the “U.P.”) is characterized by dense forests and rugged lakeshores. Bordered by Northern Wisconsin, Southern Ontario, and three of the Great Lakes, the Upper Peninsula makes up almost one-third of Michigan’s land mass. Steep highlands in the western portion of the peninsula give way to flatter lands of the Great Lakes Plain in the east.
Marquette is the largest city on the Upper Peninsula, and is a major port on Lake Superior for shipping center for iron ore. The city is also home to Northern Michigan University. Sault Ste. Marie is Michigan’s oldest city, and is separated by its twin city of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario by the waters of the St. Mary’s River. The Soo Locks, which allow ships to pass between Lake Superior and the lower Great Lakes, are located here.
Economy and Industry
Whereas mining was once the predominant industry in the Upper Peninsula, tourism drives the economy of the region today. The unique geography and remote beauty of the U.P. bring in thousands of visitors from the Lower Peninsula and Wisconsin every year. With huge stretches of land and low population densities, the peninsula is a prime spot for camping, hiking, fishing, boating, snowmobiling and hunting. Logging also remains a key business for the U.P. as well.
Sometimes referred to as “The Mitten” or “The Hand” because of its shape, the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is generally flat and comprises two-thirds of Michigan’s land mass. The Lower Peninsula is often divided into the sub regions of Northern Michigan, West Michigan, Mid-Michigan, Southeast Michigan and the Flint/Tri Cities area (also known as “the Thumb”). The peninsula is marked by many lakes, marshes and inland rivers.
Detroit is the largest city in Michigan and is famous as both the Motor City and Motown. Detroit is also the only U.S. city that bordered by a Canadian city on the South. Grand Rapids is the second largest city in Michigan and the primary urban center in the Western half of the state. The city has long been a major manufacturing center. Lansing is Michigan's capital city and is home to Michigan State University. The area is an important center for government, educational and research institutions. Best known as the home of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor is a known for high tech industry and a vibrant arts and entertainment scene. Dearborn the hometown of Henry Ford and is the location of the Ford Motor company’s headquarters.
Known as the nation’s center for the automobile industry, Michigan is also a leader in information technology, business and manufacturing. Mining remains important in the state, in particular limestone, salt, and iron ore. The vast majority of Michigan’s farmlands can be found in the Lower Peninsula. Among the most important crops in the state are corn, soybeans, wheat and sugarbeets.
The state’s lakes and waterways provide ample opportunity for fishing and boating, and in the summer thousands flock to beaches and lake front resorts. Outdoor enthusiasts enjoy 99 state parks and thousands of miles of hiking and bike trails. Hunting is a major pastime in Michigan, and peninsulas offer excellent opportunities to hunt big game, small game, waterfowl and upland game birds. Michigan is also a fantastic place for golfers, with over 900 golf courses (more than any other state) long summer hours and a persistent autumn season. All of the major professional sports leagues have a team that call Michigan home, and heated college rivalries keep sports fans entertained all year long.
Each winter Michigan transforms into a snow covered landscape ideal for winter sports. Michigan boasts some the Midwest’s best downhill skiing and snowboarding resorts, miles of cross-country and snowmobile trails and even the U.S. National Ski & Snowboard Hall of Fame and Museum. All told, some 840 runs, and 40 terrain parks can be found within Michigan’s peninsulas.
Michigan also boasts world-class educational institutions, outstanding museums and extensive public libraries throughout the state. There are at least 7 symphony orchestras in the state, and many cities host individual concert seasons. Over 45 wineries can be found in Michigan, located in some of the most beautiful areas of the state. | <urn:uuid:0e47e606-8fdd-4096-9550-116b1e318091> | 2013-05-18T17:28:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- SPECIAL REPORTS
- THE MAGAZINE
Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Sunnyvale, Calif., successfully launched a GPS satellite on July 16th from Cape Canaveral Air Station in Florida. This was the fourth successful launch of the new-generation replenishment spacecraft, designated GPS IIR. Lockheed will supply 16 more of these satellites to the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center in Los Angeles over the next five years.
The satellite launched, officially known as GPS IIR-5, will join 27 other operational GPS satellites now on orbit. GPS IIR-5 is expected to improve global coverage and increase the overall health of the GPS constellation. Increased navigation accuracy and longer autonomous satellite operation without ground control corrections will improve service for the Air Force customer and other users.
In recent GPS IIR news, the President's 2001 budget request builds in plans to accelerate GPS modernization. The budget, if approved by Congress, will allow the Space Systems team to provide improved capabilities sought by military and civilian users of the navigation system much sooner than previously envisioned. The new capabilities include additional military and civilian signals, increased signal power and the ability to reprogram spacecraft signals and power while in orbit. These improvements will provide for better resistance to enemy jamming and improved accuracy. | <urn:uuid:0d435e84-bd57-47f9-a0c4-d9dafa669e46> | 2013-05-18T18:06:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Depending on whether you are meeting a friend for a casual meal, or hoping to close an important business deal over drinks, finding the perfect place to have lunch is essential. Local lunch restaurants include a diner, a chain restaurant that offers traditional American fare, fast-food options, and an upscale sit-down establishment. For the occasion of having lunch with a friend that is in town for the day, visiting from another state, it would be appropriate to choose the chain restaurant. Here, you are both certain that there are dishes you enjoy, although this time you may decide to try a new entree. The lunch menu offers food different from what is available at dinnertime, though you also are able to order a dinner menu item in a smaller size at lunch. There are hamburgers, chicken, pasta, and steak dishes to choose from. All portions are generously sized, with a variety of sides available. Side dishes include fries, mashed potatoes, steamed vegetables or fresh fruit, and bread is included and served upon seating. This restaurant does not serve breakfast so it is decided that you will meet at noon. Fortunately there is no wait and the restaurant is fully staffed and prompt service is to be expected. | <urn:uuid:c1677dc9-2af9-40d5-a1e2-393be7c17b47> | 2013-05-18T17:57:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Donald Trump's new project: New York reality TV drama
Beats speaking at a hundred chicken dinners:
Donald Trump is creating a TV drama based on a clan of uber wealthy and eccentric New Yorkers who live in his prized property, Trump Tower.Continue Reading
The show will be fictitious, although writers could have a field day ... The 68-story building, at 721 Fifth Ave., has housed Steven Spielberg, arms dealer Adnan Khashoggi, screen legend Sophia Loren, TV host Johnny Carson, Michael Jackson and tennis superstar Martina Navratilova.
Get reporter alerts | <urn:uuid:02dc12e0-fff8-4ccd-8dfa-c82394ba8fc5> | 2013-05-18T17:19:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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White House condemns North Korea missile launch
The White House denounced North Korea's ballistic missile launch as a "highly provocative act" further distancing Pyongyang from the international community.
The launch — North Korea's second of the year — comes in violation of United Nations Security Council resolutions and "is yet another example of North Korea's pattern of irresponsible behavior," National Security Council spokesman Tommy Vietor said in a statement late Tuesday. The United States and the UN, he added, will work together "to pursue appropriate action."
The missile launch took place early Wednesday in Asia and comes just less than a year after the death of longtime North Korean leader Kim Jong Il. The South Korean and Japanese governments reported the launch, and NORAD has since confirmed that "an object" reached orbit from North Korea.
"North Korea is only further isolating itself by engaging in such provocative acts," Vietor said. "Devoting scarce resources to the development of ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons has not brought it security and acceptance by the international community — and never will. North Korea will only truly strengthen itself by abiding by international norms, living up to its commitments and international obligations, and working to feed its citizens, to educate its children, and to win the trust of its neighbors."
President Obama offered a similar message to Kim Jong Un's regime in late March during a visit to Seoul, warning Kim that “bad behavior will not be rewarded." Days later, Kim went ahead with his first launch attempt since taking his late father's place in late 2011.
Vietor offered assurance that the Obama administration is monitoring the situation on the Korean Peninsula and is consulting with allies on next steps. "The United States remains vigilant in the face of North Korean provocations and fully committed to the security of our allies in the region," he said. "Given this current threat to regional security, the United States will strengthen and increase our close coordination with allies and partners."
After the last North Korean launch — which came in April — the UN Security Council voiced a “determination to take action accordingly in the event of a further [North Korean] launch" and in the coming days, Vietor said, the United States will work with its allies "to pursue appropriate action."
"The international community must work in a concerted fashion to send North Korea a clear message that its violations of United Nations Security Council resolutions have consequences," Vietor added. "The international community continues to insist that North Korea live up to its commitments, adhere to its international obligations, and deal peacefully with its neighbors." | <urn:uuid:58800780-cdea-484b-9f93-c6ce140f6315> | 2013-05-18T17:41:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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My pool water is cloudy and I can't clear it up. What could be causing this?
Several things could be the cause.
First, check to make sure that the pH is within proper range. If the pH is within range, it could be that
you have a dirty filter and it needs to be cleaned. If you have a sand filter, this doesn't necessarily
mean to replace the sand, but to use a filter cleaner, such as GLB FILTER CLEANSE, that will remove both
organic materials and minerals.
Check to make sure the sanitizer in the pool is in proper range. If it is not, raise the level.
Another cause could be the amount of calcium in the water. If too much calcium is present, it can become cloudy.
Adding a sequestering agent, such as GLB SEQUA-SOL, on a weekly basis, can prevent this.
Lastly, particles too small to be easily filtered out could be causing the cloudiness. A clarifier, such as Robarb
SUPER BLUE, can be used in order to make these particles filterable.
Should I use a water clarifier in my pool?
Yes. A clarifier is designed as an aid to the efficient operation of the filter by coagulating most materials,
which cause cloudy and hazy water, into larger particles that are removed by the filter. Because the presence
of these materials increases the disinfectant demand, the use of a water clarifier decreases pool maintenance costs.
Why is filtration important to the quality of swimming pool water?
Filtration is the mechanical system for removing visible matter from the water. The filter medium is designed
to remove hair, dirt, minute skin flakes, metal or calcium precipitates and other visible debris that would
otherwise cause the water to be hazy and cloudy.
How do I know when it's time to clean my pool filter?
Normal, periodic rinsing or backwashing will remove most of the dirt from a basically clean filter. However, over
a period of time, grease, oils and scale can attack and build up on the elements. When this occurs, you will see
build up on the removable elements, short filter runs, reduced circulation and water that does not want to clear up.
What does "Vacuum to Waste" mean?
When you "Vacuum to Waste" you are pumping the debris you vacuum out of the pool and sending the water to the waste
line, and not through the pool filter. This method removes a large amount of water from the pool in a short time so
be sure the pool is full before you begin. This method is used for large amounts of debris and dirt. This method
will only work for circulation systems that use a 6-position filter valve. If you have an older "Push-Pull" style
filter valve you must vacuum through the pool filter. Be sure to monitor the location where the waste line is
connected to the sewer system in your home, just in case the sewer line cannot handle the large amount of water
I added algaecide to my pool, but the algae didn't go away. What did I do wrong?
First, you must add the algaecide according to the directions. If you don't add the correct dosage amount, it won't
kill any of the algae. However, be aware that using the entire bottle of algaecide is also ineffective. Not only
will you spend additional money, large doses can also lead to staining and foaming in your pool.
In addition to properly dosing your water, it is also recommended that the algaecide be added in the morning on a
bright sunny day for best results. Algae are plants and grow in the presence of sunlight. Adding algaecide during
algae's best growth time will increase intake of the algaecide and make it more effective. If black algae is present,
brushing the algae at least once daily will also help expedite algae removal. Brushing the dead cells away makes the
living algae more vulnerable to the algaecide.
Why do I need to shock my pool?
Pool water composition always includes some undesirable elements that actually contaminate the water and reduce the
efficiency of the disinfectant or sanitizer. Material such as hair spray, suntan oil, cosmetics, perspiration and
other organic material react to combine with the chlorine in the water to form "combined chlorine".
Once "combined chlorine" forms, it acts as a very poor disinfectant, contributing to eye and skin irritations and
the forming of unpleasant chlorine odor. Pools with this problem are often inaccurately accused of having too much
Routine shock treatment is necessary to destroy combined chlorine compounds and restore the chlorine sanitizer to
"free chlorine" efficiency. A pool can be shock treated by adding large doses of chlorine, commonly referred to as
superchlorination, or by adding a non-chlorine shock such as GLB OXY-BRITE or Applied Biochemists SHOCKTRINE.
My pool has a very strong chlorine odor. Is there too much chlorine in my pool?
No, you don't have enough "free chlorine" in your pool. Most pools contain both good chlorine and bad chlorine. The
good chlorine is called free chlorine and is capable of killing germs. Bad chlorine, on the other hand, is called
"combined chlorine" and is a poor germ killer.
Too much combined chlorine in your pool causes the strong chlorine odor. When the combined chlorine level reaches
0.2 ppm or more, it is time to shock your water. Shocking will eliminate the odor.
When I shock my pool, should I use chlorine or non-chlorine shock?
Both treatments accomplish the goal of destroying and removing bather waste and preventing the formation of combined
Superchlorination, the addition of large amounts of chlorine, has some drawbacks. Because it requires large amounts
of chlorine, it can damage liners and swimsuits and upset water balance. Additionally, it is difficult to determine
proper dosage amounts and it requires swimmers to wait until the level of chlorine drops, often a day or more, until
they can swim.
Non-chlorine shock, on the other hand, does not require excessive chlorine use and allows swimming almost immediately
after application, does not harm liners, has easily determined dosage rates and does not upset water balance.
Do I need to add a sanitizer regularly?
Yes, an E.P.A. registered sanitizer should be added and maintained at proper levels at all times. Non-chlorine shock
treatments contain no chlorine, therefore you must make regular additions of sanitizer to ensure that you are disinfecting
I have an outdoor pool and I am told that the chlorine needs to be stabilized. Why?
The chlorine in a pool can be broken down by ultra violet light from the sun. If stabilizer, also called conditioner, is
not present, the chlorine level will dissipate very rapidly over the course of the day.
It is recommended that you add stabilizer to the pool to prevent this chlorine break down. The stabilizer level should
be between 30-50 ppm to properly stabilize the pool. The use of a stabilizer will reduce your overall chlorine consumption
and save you money. However, many of the products available at your retailer are stabilized chlorine.
What causes the "ring" around my pool's tile line?
The accumulation of oils and dirt from bathers is the biggest cause. Using a tile cleaner specifically designed for
pools can clean it off. Household cleaners do not contain the needed balance of both oil/grease cutters and scale
dissolving ingredients. In fact, these cleaners can actually dull a tile line due to abrasives or cause unsightly
foaming. Even worse, they may react with the sanitizer, such as chlorine, in your pool.
Another helpful hint would be to regularly use an enzyme based product in your pool. These biodegradable products
will control grease and oil before it builds up.
Following chemical treatment, how long do I have to wait before I use my pool?
With the exception of superchlorinating (which requires waiting until the chlorine level drops to recommended levels),
you can generally use your pool when the chemical is dispersed throughout the pool. Fifteen minutes to one hour is a
good rule of thumb.
I have heard of people talking about pink algae. What is that and how do I treat for it?
Pink algae is not an algae at all, but a bacteria. Normal algaecides will not reliably work on them. We have products
that are designed to assist chlorine with removal of this bacteria. To eliminate pink algae, you must superchlorinate
your pool, turn off the filter, and clean it with a good filter cleaner. Let the filter soak overnight then backwash to
waste. Let the chlorine level subside before using again. (Hint: a good rule of thumb is to toss into the pool the
equipment that is normally used for pool maintenance, including hoses, brushes, etc. prior to superchlorinating. These
need to be disinfected too).
What are enzyme based cleaners and how do they work?
Basically, enzymes are substances that speed up chemical reactions. In the case of enzyme based cleaners, they are
designed to speed up the process of breaking down oils, proteins, etc. that may be in your pool. Enzymes will break
up very large particles into smaller ones that can be handled more easily by your sanitizer. Regular use of an enzyme
will help reduce scum line buildup and free up your sanitizer for the work it was intended to do-sanitizing. | <urn:uuid:419547c1-5087-4031-b64d-61177d184c95> | 2013-05-18T17:36:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Efforts by Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) to block the use of conversations secretly recorded by former ADM executive Mark Whitacre have once again failed as the US Supreme Court acting without comment turned away an appeal by the "Supermarkup to the World" and its former president, James R. Randall.
The tapes, which have been sought in a civil price-fixing suit against ADM by plaintiffs who claimed the company also conspired to fix the price of high fructose corn syrup, were used to win convictions against two ADM officials for their role in a conspiracy to fix the prices of citric acid and feed additive lysine. Nearly 200 tapes were requested by plaintiffs in the subpoena at issue before the Supreme Court.
A US district judge in Peoria, Illinois, ruled that the plaintiffs could obtain the tapes made by Whitacre with the cooperation of the FBI of face-to-face conversations, but not the recordings of telephone conversations. The Seventh US Circuit Court of Appeals in June said the plaintiffs could have all of the tapes.
ADM and Randall argued in their high court appeal (Randall vs. Dellwood Farms) that use of the tapes in the civil lawsuit ran afoul of a federal wiretap law. Randall, who curiously was not involved in any antitrust violations, said he feared that "some of the recordings contain embarrassing statements by him on unrelated matters."
After pleading guilty in 1996 to conspiring to fix prices for lysine and citric acid ADM paid $100 million in fines while Whitacre and ADM executives, Michael D. Andreas and Terrance W. Wilson, were convicted in 1998 for their roles in the scandal and each fined $350,000 and are currently serving three-year and two-year, nine-month prison sentences.
Whitacre was already serving a nine-year prison term for allegedly embezzling nearly $9 million from the company and funneling the money into bank accounts in Switzerland and elsewhere.
In what critics are calling "outrageous," "bad trade policy," and "an unconstitutional infringement on the President's foreign-affairs power," US Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott is seeking to give Chiquita Brands International Inc. a veto over any settlement in the contentious banana trade war.
By inserting language into a Senate appropriations bill that would, in effect, block the US trade representative from settling the long-running trans-Atlantic banana war without first getting approval from Chiquita, the Mississippi Republican is attempting to give a US company extraordinary foreign-policy power.
As the Wall Street Journal's Helene Cooper recently reported, some of the measure's proponents are annoyed that White House officials have dragged their feet on issuing an updated list of European products to hit with punitive tariffs in the banana war, after being ordered to do so by Congress last spring.
Lott's Chiquita maneuver, she notes, came a week after Sen. Robert Byrd (D-W.V.) put a provision in a spending bill handing over to US steel companies duties collected from their foreign rivals, imposed to fight dumping practices. The Byrd provision passed in the House; Senate approval is likely, aides say. Lott seeks to put the banana provision in a big end-of-session spending bill; if successful, that would about ensure enactment.
Lott's provision would mean the European Union would be negotiating with Chiquita an end to the banana trade war. "This is pretty outrageous," Gary Hufbauer, a trade economist with the Institute for International Economics told Cooper. "This basically changes the whole nature of the system."
House Ways and Means Chairman Bill Archer (R-Texas) and Senate Finance Committee Chairman William Roth (R-Delaware) have written letters to their colleagues complaining about the Lott maneuver.
"This proposal constitutes, at best, bad trade policy and, at worst, is an unconstitutional infringement on the President's foreign-affairs power," Roth wrote. "It is bad trade policy because it takes control over a trade dispute out of the hands of the President and puts it in the hands of one segment of the domestic industry that is not fully representative of the broader interests of that industry."
Lott, according to Senate GOP staffers, is merely trying to ensure Chiquita doesn't end up with a bad deal.
For the past seven years Chiquita Brands International has been opposed to the EU's existing regime, which favors EU banana traders. Chiquita, prefers a system that would base how much a company can import on the size of its market share before the EU created the current regime in 1993. At the time, Chiquita's share was twice the size of its current level. Dole Foods has now drawn ahead of Chiquita in market shares.
Although the US doesn't grow bananas, the Clinton Administration has been fighting for the rights of Dole and Chiquita to trade with the EU.
Clearly the US bias towards Chiquita stems from the fact that there are no US jobs here at stake here, that there is no danger of a further imbalance of trade, and there is no economic damage about to befall the US. It is simply a case of Clinton & Co. seeking to protect the financial interests of Chiquita's Carl H. Lindner as opposed to the interests of thousands of small banana farmers in the Eastern Caribbean and in Jamaica. Chiquita employs most of its 45,000 workers in Honduras and Guatemala.
As Michael Weiskoff reported in Time magazine, "You wouldn't know how grateful Lindner was by checking records at the Federal Election Commission; he gave the Democratic National Committee only $15,000 in the final 15 months of the campaign. Instead, D.N.C. officials instructed Lindner to give directly to state-party coffers, which are subject to far less public scrutiny than federal-election accounts. On April 12, 1996, the day after [then US Trade Representative Mickey] Kantor asked the WTO to examine Chiquita's grievance, Lindner and his top executives began funneling more than $500,000 to about two dozen states from Florida to California, campaign officials told Time."
Until its StarLink genetically engineered corn, approved only for livestock feed, began to make national and worldwide headlines by turning up in consumer corn products, its creator and designer Aventis SA, despite being one of the world's largest pharmaceuticals and agrichemical companies, had received little public attention.
But as the Des Moines Register's business writer S.P. Dinnen detailed in a November 5 profile the French-based company has a famous (infamous?) corporate pedigree.
Actually Aventis, which sells its technology in the United States through Aventis CropScience, of Research Triangle Park, N.C., is a new company, the product of the December 1999 merger between old-time European manufacturing giants Rhone Poulenc SA and Hoechst A.G.
Rhone Poulenc was founded in 1858 as an apothecary shop in Paris. By the early 1900s the company had developed a synthetic drug to combat previously untreatable syphilis. Hoecsht also traces its roots to the mid-19th century, when it started making chemicals in Germany. In 1925, it joined with drugmaker Bayer A.G. and chemical manufacturer BASF to become part of I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G.
As Dinnen points out in his profile, I.G. Farben, as that company was known, was broken up by Allied forces after World War II because of its involvement in producing gases used in Hitler's death camps. Its "gases" were also the forerunners of the modern-day chemical poisons used in agriculture known more commonly as the euphemistically corporate-dubbed "pesticides."
Neither Hoecsht, Bayer nor BASF were held responsible for I.G. Farben's wartime activities. The three were allowed to maintain their businesses.
After it merged with Rhone Poulenc, Hoechst was Germany's largest drugmaker. About 75% of Aventis' $17 billion in 1999 sales came from its drugs business. The rest was from its agrichemicals sector, based in Lyon, France. Aventis CropScience's popular farm products include Balance and Puma herbicides and the Regent brand of pesticide.
To better concentrate on pharmaceuticals, Dinnen reports, Aventis SA is considering a spinoff of its farm chemicals business, including Aventis CropScience. But Aventis SA spokesman John Abrams said no decision is imminent.
"We are looking at our life sciences strategy and giving ourselves the next 12 to 18 months to see what makes sense," he said.
Predicting that the costs of recovering this year's genetically-engineered contaminated StarLink corn will be "significantly below" $1 billion, Aventis CropScience says it is "assessing the degree of shared responsibility of the different actors" in the agricultural and food business "as well as insurance coverage for such costs."
Aventis CropScience has admitted that not all farmers signed contracts indicating they understood that the corn was to be kept out of the marketing stream for food. StarLink corn was only approved for use in animal feed or for industrial processes; however, it has been found in recent months in a variety of consumer corn products StarLink contains a new form of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that differs from other types of Bt corn.
Aventis has asked the Environmental Protection Agency to temporarily approve StarLink for food use to prevent further recalls of corn products and prevent disruptions among grain handlers and food processors.
"The flap over StarLink," Dinnen notes, "appears to have had little impact on Aventis SA. Its American Depository Shares, traded on the New York Stock Exchange, are up 22% for the year. Since early October, when the StarLink controversy began to mushroom, its shares have fallen about 9%.
Johannah Walton, a securities analyst in London with Lehman Brothers, sees little threat to Aventis SA from StarLink. "There may be some element of StarLink" in a recent weakening of Aventis SA shares, said Walton. But she said it's more likely related to whether Aventis SA will jettison Aventis CropScience.
"I don't think it's a material issue," said Ted Semegran, an agribusiness industry analyst in New York. He called StarLink more an emotional issue than a practical concern, adding that the three-year-old StarLink's problems were "not a big deal" to a company as large as Aventis.
Kuwait's government-run petroleum company, which is the largest single shareholder of Aventis, declined to comment to Dinnen on whether Aventis could be harmed by StarLink backlash.
Ralph Nader has called for legislation to require labels on all genetically altered products, and a reevaluation of public policy towards genetically altered life forms. Polling has shown that about 90% of the public supports labeling on genetically-engineered foods.
"Consumers have a right to know what they are buying when they go to the supermarket, and farmers have a right to know what they are planting in their fields," Nader told reporters recently after a Des Moines, Iowa, pre-election rally.
"Farmers were not even informed that StarLink had not been approved for human consumption until Aventis began contacting them in an attempt to insure that the corn was not mixed with shipments bound for use in food produced for humans. We need to devolve power from corporate agribusiness to the farmers and consumers who should rightfully control food production in this country."
Nader said that the recent taco shell recall provides an example of the potential dangers of genetically altered crops to consumers, some of whom could expect to suffer allergic reactions to the modified corn, and demanded that President Clinton not give into calls from Aventis and other food industry companies to have StarLink exempted from the current regulatory guidelines.
"Such a move would only reward the biotech industry for its malfeasance," Nader said.
"Genetic engineering of food has far outrun the science that must be its first governing discipline. Many unknowns attend the insertion of genes across species, from ecological risks to food allergies," Nader said. "We need a dramatic shift away from the industry-dominated laissez-faire non-regulation of GMOs." Nader has specifically proposed:
(ogonek) Halting release of genetically altered plants into the environment until comprehensive, independent studies are performed as to environmental and food safety risks under a regulatory framework.
(ogonek) Exempting life forms from the purview of patent laws in order to allow broader research and safety testing opportunities by academia and government.
(ogonek) Placing liability for harm on the owners or licensees of biotechnology patent rights in the event of damages caused by environmental release.
(ogonek) Labeling food containing any genetically altered ingredients.
A.V. Krebs operates the Corporate Agribusiness Research Project, P.O.Box 2201, Everett, Washington 98203; email email@example.com; www.ea1.com/CARP/. He also was Committee Cordinator of the Family Farmers National Alliance for Nader/LaDuke. | <urn:uuid:08904beb-424c-440d-b958-7c6d9a208e70> | 2013-05-18T17:49:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Term: January 21, 1879 - January 16, 1883
Born: June 8, 1830
Died: December 1, 1892
Henry Martyn Hoyt was the third straight Civil War general to serve in the state's highest office. Hoyt was born June 8, 1830, on a farm in Kingston, Luzerne County, to a Presbyterian family with Connecticut roots dating back to about 1629. His father, Ziba Hoyt, was a farmer who had fought at Lake Erie during the War of 1812, and his mother, Nancy Herbert, is believed to have been related to General William T. Sherman.
Hoyt was educated at old Wilkes-Barre Academy, Wyoming Seminary, Lafayette College, and Williams College (Massachusetts). After graduating in 1849 from Williams, Hoyt taught school at the Towanda Academy, followed by a school in Memphis, Tennessee, and then was professor of mathematics at Wyoming Seminary. At the same time, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1853. On September 25, 1855, he married Mary Loveland and raised one son and two daughters. Hoyt was active in the Whig Party, ran for district attorney, and campaigned in 1856 for the Whig presidential candidate, John Fremont.
When the Civil War broke out, he became the colonel in charge of the 52nd Pennsylvania Volunteers, but was imprisoned during the expedition against Charleston, South Carolina. On July 3, 1864, Hoyt led about 1,000 troops by boat on the James River to Fort Johnson where they successfully entered the fort. However, Union reinforcements did not arrive in time. Hoyt's men could not hold the fort and Hoyt was captured. An attempt to escape was thwarted when bloodhounds ran him down, but later, a prisoner exchange allowed him to return to the 52nd until the end of the war when he was brevetted brigadier general.
After returning to his law practice, Hoyt resumed his climb on the political ladder. He was first elected to the school board of Wilkes-Barre in 1866 and then appointed as a law judge of Luzerne County in 1867, but lost an election for the same position after being nominated by the Republicans. In 1869, he was appointed collector of internal revenue for Luzerne and Susquehanna Counties. In 1875-76, he served as state Republican chairman, which, along with his Civil War hero status, helped position him to be nominated as governor. The Republican influence was weakening with the economic downturn that dated back to the Panic of 1873. After the Republicans lost control of both the General Assembly and a U.S. Senate seat, it appeared as though the Democrats might win the governor's race. The Democrats, however, were counting on a coalition with the new National-Greenback Party, a party that appealed to the huge voting block of farmers and labor. In the end, Republican Party bosses Robert Mackey and Matthew S. Quay convinced the Greenback Party to back off from supporting the Democratic candidate, Andrew H. Dill, and instead put forth their own candidate, Samuel R. Mason. Hoyt won by 22,000 votes.
Hoyt's administration did not begin smoothly. In the spring of 1879, public outcry met the passage of the General Assembly's "riot bill" that appropriated four million dollars to compensate Pennsylvania Railroad for property damages in the riots of 1877. Allegheny County had responsibility for the damage, but Pittsburgh politicians and special interests succeeded in placing the burden on all of Pennsylvania's taxpayers. A legislative investigation concluded that at least eight persons, including three members of the General Assembly, were guilty of criminal solicitation on behalf of the bill. The legislators were sent to jail, but the attorney general pardoned them.
A second scandal involved Matthew Quay, by then serving as secretary of the Commonwealth. Quay's choice for state treasurer, Samuel Butler, turned out to be an embarrassment for Quay and the former treasurer, Amos Noye. Butler proved to be a high-minded individual who demanded a strict accounting of state funds. He found that Quay and the former treasurer had engaged in speculation with state funds, which led Hoyt to cut his ties to the Quay machine. The Constitution of 1874 prohibited the governor from succeeding himself, but otherwise permitted reelection in the future. However, Hoyt's move toward independent Republicans resulted in alienation from the Quay-Cameron machine, thus his political career ended with his one term as governor. Even so, Hoyt's administration still managed a number of accomplishments.
Under Hoyt's governorship, state debt was reduced by one and half million dollars; mitigation reformed the cruel Pennsylvania solitary confinement prison system; the charters of "diploma mill" medical schools were revoked; a state medical board was established; delinquent taxes were collected; and railroads were prosecuted for rate schedules that were discriminatory. To give additional young male first offenders, between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five, a second chance, a new reformatory was built where they were taught a trade and allowed to further their education. Also during his administration, the Second State Geological Survey was launched, and the legislature banned school segregation.
On yielding his office to the first Democratic governor since the 1850s, Hoyt congratulated the people for taking government out of the hands of professional politicians and, therefore, seeking solutions that might conceivably restore honesty to the political scene.
Hoyt was also known for his 1879 published study of land claims in
Controversy Between Connecticut and Pennsylvania
and an 1885 book,
Protection Versus Free Trade
. Henry Hoyt returned to his law practice for several years before he died in Wilkes-Barre on December 1, 1892, from a protracted illness. He is buried in the Forty Fort Cemetery in Luzerne County. | <urn:uuid:feac7f69-07d8-48de-a23d-61dc50b18a0f> | 2013-05-18T17:38:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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CREATE ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ] where option can be: SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB | CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE | CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER | INHERIT | NOINHERIT | LOGIN | NOLOGIN | REPLICATION | NOREPLICATION | CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit | [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password' | VALID UNTIL 'timestamp' | IN ROLE role_name [, ...] | IN GROUP role_name [, ...] | ROLE role_name [, ...] | ADMIN role_name [, ...] | USER role_name [, ...] | SYSID uid
CREATE ROLE adds a new role to a PostgreSQL database cluster. A role is an entity that can own database objects and have database privileges; a role can be considered a "user", a "group", or both depending on how it is used. Refer to Chapter 20 and Chapter 19 for information about managing users and authentication. You must have CREATEROLE privilege or be a database superuser to use this command.
Note that roles are defined at the database cluster level, and so are valid in all databases in the cluster.
The name of the new role.
These clauses determine whether the new role is a "superuser", who can override all access restrictions within the database. Superuser status is dangerous and should be used only when really needed. You must yourself be a superuser to create a new superuser. If not specified, NOSUPERUSER is the default.
These clauses define a role's ability to create databases. If CREATEDB is specified, the role being defined will be allowed to create new databases. Specifying NOCREATEDB will deny a role the ability to create databases. If not specified, NOCREATEDB is the default.
These clauses determine whether a role will be permitted to create new roles (that is, execute CREATE ROLE). A role with CREATEROLE privilege can also alter and drop other roles. If not specified, NOCREATEROLE is the default.
These clauses are an obsolete, but still accepted, spelling of SUPERUSER and NOSUPERUSER. Note that they are not equivalent to CREATEROLE as one might naively expect!
These clauses determine whether a role "inherits" the privileges of roles it is a member of. A role with the INHERIT attribute can automatically use whatever database privileges have been granted to all roles it is directly or indirectly a member of. Without INHERIT, membership in another role only grants the ability to SET ROLE to that other role; the privileges of the other role are only available after having done so. If not specified, INHERIT is the default.
These clauses determine whether a role is allowed to log in; that is, whether the role can be given as the initial session authorization name during client connection. A role having the LOGIN attribute can be thought of as a user. Roles without this attribute are useful for managing database privileges, but are not users in the usual sense of the word. If not specified, NOLOGIN is the default, except when CREATE ROLE is invoked through its alternative spelling CREATE USER.
These clauses determine whether a role is allowed to initiate streaming replication or put the system in and out of backup mode. A role having the REPLICATION attribute is a very highly privileged role, and should only be used on roles actually used for replication. If not specified, NOREPLICATION is the default.
If role can log in, this specifies how many concurrent connections the role can make. -1 (the default) means no limit.
Sets the role's password. (A password is only of use for roles having the LOGIN attribute, but you can nonetheless define one for roles without it.) If you do not plan to use password authentication you can omit this option. If no password is specified, the password will be set to null and password authentication will always fail for that user. A null password can optionally be written explicitly as PASSWORD NULL.
These key words control whether the password is stored encrypted in the system catalogs. (If neither is specified, the default behavior is determined by the configuration parameter password_encryption.) If the presented password string is already in MD5-encrypted format, then it is stored encrypted as-is, regardless of whether ENCRYPTED or UNENCRYPTED is specified (since the system cannot decrypt the specified encrypted password string). This allows reloading of encrypted passwords during dump/restore.
Note that older clients might lack support for the MD5 authentication mechanism that is needed to work with passwords that are stored encrypted.
The VALID UNTIL clause sets a date and time after which the role's password is no longer valid. If this clause is omitted the password will be valid for all time.
The IN ROLE clause lists one or more existing roles to which the new role will be immediately added as a new member. (Note that there is no option to add the new role as an administrator; use a separate GRANT command to do that.)
IN GROUP is an obsolete spelling of IN ROLE.
The ROLE clause lists one or more existing roles which are automatically added as members of the new role. (This in effect makes the new role a "group".)
The ADMIN clause is like ROLE, but the named roles are added to the new role WITH ADMIN OPTION, giving them the right to grant membership in this role to others.
The USER clause is an obsolete spelling of the ROLE clause.
The SYSID clause is ignored, but is accepted for backwards compatibility.
The VALID UNTIL clause defines an expiration time for a password only, not for the role per se. In particular, the expiration time is not enforced when logging in using a non-password-based authentication method.
The INHERIT attribute governs inheritance of grantable privileges (that is, access privileges for database objects and role memberships). It does not apply to the special role attributes set by CREATE ROLE and ALTER ROLE. For example, being a member of a role with CREATEDB privilege does not immediately grant the ability to create databases, even if INHERIT is set; it would be necessary to become that role via SET ROLE before creating a database.
The INHERIT attribute is the default for reasons of backwards compatibility: in prior releases of PostgreSQL, users always had access to all privileges of groups they were members of. However, NOINHERIT provides a closer match to the semantics specified in the SQL standard.
Be careful with the CREATEROLE privilege. There is no concept of inheritance for the privileges of a CREATEROLE-role. That means that even if a role does not have a certain privilege but is allowed to create other roles, it can easily create another role with different privileges than its own (except for creating roles with superuser privileges). For example, if the role "user" has the CREATEROLE privilege but not the CREATEDB privilege, nonetheless it can create a new role with the CREATEDB privilege. Therefore, regard roles that have the CREATEROLE privilege as almost-superuser-roles.
PostgreSQL includes a program createuser that has the same functionality as CREATE ROLE (in fact, it calls this command) but can be run from the command shell.
The CONNECTION LIMIT option is only enforced approximately; if two new sessions start at about the same time when just one connection "slot" remains for the role, it is possible that both will fail. Also, the limit is never enforced for superusers.
Caution must be exercised when specifying an unencrypted password with this command. The password will be transmitted to the server in cleartext, and it might also be logged in the client's command history or the server log. The command createuser, however, transmits the password encrypted. Also, psql contains a command \password that can be used to safely change the password later.
Create a role that can log in, but don't give it a password:
CREATE ROLE jonathan LOGIN;
Create a role with a password:
CREATE USER davide WITH PASSWORD 'jw8s0F4';
(CREATE USER is the same as CREATE ROLE except that it implies LOGIN.)
Create a role with a password that is valid until the end of 2004. After one second has ticked in 2005, the password is no longer valid.
CREATE ROLE miriam WITH LOGIN PASSWORD 'jw8s0F4' VALID UNTIL '2005-01-01';
Create a role that can create databases and manage roles:
CREATE ROLE admin WITH CREATEDB CREATEROLE;
The CREATE ROLE statement is in the SQL standard, but the standard only requires the syntax
CREATE ROLE name [ WITH ADMIN role_name ]
Multiple initial administrators, and all the other options of CREATE ROLE, are PostgreSQL extensions.
The SQL standard defines the concepts of users and roles, but it regards them as distinct concepts and leaves all commands defining users to be specified by each database implementation. In PostgreSQL we have chosen to unify users and roles into a single kind of entity. Roles therefore have many more optional attributes than they do in the standard.
The behavior specified by the SQL standard is most closely approximated by giving users the NOINHERIT attribute, while roles are given the INHERIT attribute. | <urn:uuid:7d705f37-6629-4132-b6e5-a3eadad153d9> | 2013-05-18T17:38:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Application Without Moralism
How to show the relevance of the text
Average Rating: [see ratings/reviews]
We're facing huge questions about why people are not applying what we tell them. Gallup did a survey that tells us when people claim to be born again, their good behavior actually degenerates. Those who claim to be born again have a higher incidence of drunken driving and divorce than the rest of culture. The incidence of abortion and drug use is not different from the rest of culture among those who claim to be evangelical. So people who say they believe the Scriptures have great difficulties, apparently, applying them.
We need to do application for the sake of our own credibility
One reason we need to be doing application in preaching is for our own personal ethos. You know these terms: ethos, logos, pathos. Ethos is the perceived character of the speaker. Logos is the logical content, the verbal content. And pathos is the emotive content. What would Aristotle say was the most powerful of these three? Ethos. If somebody speaks simply but you believe them to be a person of good character, you listen to them more than to somebody who is eloquent but whom you don't trust. Ethos is more powerful.
The two things that most make up ethos are credibility and compassion. People rate us in terms of our ethos based upon their perception of our credibility and compassion.
Credibility is determined by knowledge and realism. We expect pastors to know facts, but we also expect wisdom and realism. If I as a preacher say, " If you're going to be able to walk with God, you need to learn some Hebrew, " I might as well have thrown the sermon out the window, because the average person thinks that would be nice, but it's unrealistic. So we may be intelligent, but we need to base ethos upon knowledge as well as realism. Much of what happens in application is saying, " I'm not just knowledgeable about exegesis. I know the world you live in. I am able to be realistic. "
Ethos is not just based upon credibility but also compassion. The perceived character of the speaker is based upon a perception of altruism, that you care for people other than yourself. If the perception of the person preaching is, He wants to make an impression, rather than, He's caring for the people to whom he speaks, people will listen. Often they will listen in droves. But they will not trust him. They will find it entertaining, but they will not trust him until they perceive that he cares more about the listener than himself.
What communicates that? What says, " You care about me; you take it out of the ethereal world that makes you impressive, and you put it in my world, where I can do something with it " ? Ethos is tied to the ability to do application, first of all, that is realistic, and second, that is courageous.
Bryan Chapell: Follow | Search | <urn:uuid:44d560ac-8976-4043-96a7-756f0766fc5b> | 2013-05-18T17:17:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Considering that last week's catastrophic earthquake has impacted just about everybody in the video game industry in some manner, it should not come as a surprise that several key games that were scheduled to release in the near future have been delayed or canceled outright in Japan and abroad. Kotaku reports that heavily anticipated titles such as Motorstorm: Apocalypse and Yakuza 4: Of The End have been pushed off into the unspecified future, while Disaster Report 4 has been canned entirely. What is the common thread binding these titles together? As it turns out, all three games revolves around chaos stemming from a massive natural disaster. Meanwhile, Square-Enix has temporarily shut down the online Final Fantasy XI and Final Fantasy XIV in order to conserve electricity and Capcom has delayed the Marvel vs Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds downloadable content release of new characters Jill Valentine and Shuma-Gorath.
Tokyo-based developer Irem has completely canceled action game Disaster Report 4 which had been slated for a spring release. The company has apologized to those connected to the game and those looking forward to the title. In the days following the earthquake, the game was actually rising up the Amazon Japan sales chart. The Disaster Report games are set against the backdrop of natural disasters, and the fourth entry in the series seems to have hit too close to home.
Other games, like Motorstorm 3: Apocalypse and Yakuza: of the End - both with apocalyptic-themes - were delayed. The timing couldn't be worse for both games, which show urban environments in ruins. Sony will provide a new release date for Motorstorm in the future. The game was scheduled for a March 17 release. Likewise, Yakuza: of the End, which was supposed to be out this week, will be released at a later date.
There is a precedent for this kind of thing. Any film or television show that featured the World Trade Center was edited or tossed down the memory hole for a while following the terrorist attacks of September 11, for instance. Sometimes I think the self-censorship in the name of political correctness goes too far (how long was that "The City of New York vs Homer Simpson" episode of The Simpsons out of syndication circulation, anyway?), but I can see the logic in canceling a game that is based around an earthquake immediately following an earthquake. On the other hand, I also sort of expect to see a JRPG or two centered around a tragic earthquake as a main story point in several years when time has started to heal wounds. Sometimes inspiration comes from the dark part of history. | <urn:uuid:4692f906-a5d2-4754-829e-17e2b49ada82> | 2013-05-18T17:49:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Mesa Safe Co. has been a major manufacturer of high quality safes for decades. With so many styles and options to choose from, it's easy to find the perfect safe for your needs.
Even in this technological world, many important items are still made of materials such as paper, or plastic, and they all have a chance of being destroyed or stolen. Items such as jewelry, collectibles, or family heirlooms can be invaluable and require the security and peace of mind of a safe. A Mesa safe is the perfect way to protect your records and items from the unthinkable | <urn:uuid:af3c38bf-155f-47cb-96b7-16b185357acc> | 2013-05-18T17:49:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Summary: Cramble is a competitive, team-based, game where players compete for territory in a limited time frame.
6-12 RFID readers are designated as "game zones". Each one has a colored light or LED display which will display either red or blue. (and can be switched) Players will be on either the Red or the Blue team. Each player needs a bandanna, arm band, jersey, or some other way to visibly denote what team they are on.
The game is divided into rounds. Each round lasts five minutes. Players will run to occupy zones and contest their opponent's zones, hoping to be in a good position for when the round ends.
A buzzer noise will mark the end of the round. Each player is considered occupying the zone whose reader they are closest to. Each team's score will be tallied and displayed on the monitor. It is tabulated as follows:
- Your team gets 1 point for each zones that has more of your teammates than enemies occupying it.
- Your team gets -1 point for each zones that has more enemies than teammates occupying it.
- Your team gets 0 points for each zone with no one occupying it, or an even number of friends and foes occupying it.
We run 1 to 5 rounds. At the end of each round, the score is displayed on the monitor, and everyone gathers up (or spreds out) before the next round begins.
To clarify how this works:
- If two blue players are standing in a blue zone, the red team can contest the zone if three red players occupy it.
- If you're standing in a contested zone, as the clock ticks down, you'll be debating between calling for backup or just fleeing to another zone.
- Optimally, each zone should have a display which shows how many people are standing in each zone. Perhaps a map, with a number of LEDs lit representing the ratio of players at each zone. This means that if you're visually isolated from other zones, you still have some idea whether you should hang out there or jet to another zone.
- There should be a several minute break between rounds so teams have the opportunity to discuss strategy. | <urn:uuid:5fb3bf39-12cc-4e26-8a51-5cc396467e2b> | 2013-05-18T17:27:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hollysys Automation Technologies Wins a High-speed Rail Signaling Contract Valued at US$ 12.36 Million
BEIJING, July 28 /PRNewswire-Asia-FirstCall/ -- Hollysys Automation Technologies, Ltd. (Nasdaq: HOLI) ("Hollysys" or the "Company"), a leading provider of automation and control technologies and applications in China, announced today that it has been awarded a sizable contract to supply its ground-based high-speed rail signaling system to the Phase I of Tai-Zhong-Yin Railway Line, with contract value at approximately US$ 12.36 million or RMB 83.80 million.
Pursuant to the terms of the contract, Hollysys will supply its ground-based high-speed railway signaling system, including Train Control Centers (TCC), Temporary Speed Restriction Servers (TSRS), and Line Side Electronic Units (LEU) to the Phase I of Tai-Zhong-Yin Railway Line. Tai- Zhong-Yin Railway Line connects Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi Province, and Yinchuan, the capital of Ningxia Province, via the city of Zhongwei in Ningxia, with 944 km in total length. The Phase I of Tai-Zhong-Yin Railway Line is approximately 460 km from Taiyuan to Dingbian, with a designed traveling speed of 200km/h. The Phase I of Tai-Zhong-Yin Railway Line is scheduled for commercial operation by the end of 2010.
Dr. Changli Wang , CEO and Chairman of Hollysys, commented: "We are very pleased to announce the contract win of supplying our ground-based high-speed rail signaling system to Tai-Zhong-Yin Railway Line. This contract win is a strong validation of Hollysys' state-of-the-art high-speed rail signaling system, which is built from its advanced technology platform, outstanding project implementation, and excellent after-sales services. It also marks our successful penetration into China's northwest high-speed rail market. This lays a solid foundation for Hollysys to capture its fair share in this geographic segment going forward, to further establish Hollysys as a leading player in China's burgeoning high-speed rail market. "
About Hollysys Automation Technologies, Ltd.
Hollysys Automation Technologies is a leading provider of automation and control technologies and applications in China that enables its diversified industry and utility customers to improve operating safety, reliability, and efficiency. Founded in 1993, Hollysys has approximately 2,100 employees with 9 sales centers and 13 service centers in 21 cities in China and serves over 1700 customers in the industrial, railway, subway & nuclear industries. Its proprietary technologies are applied in product lines including Distributed Control System (DCS) and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) for industrial sector, high-speed railway signaling system of TCC (Train Control Center) and ATP (Automatic Train Protection), subway supervisory and control platform (SCADA), and nuclear conventional island automation and control system.
This release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical fact included herein are "forward-looking statements," including statements regarding: the ability of the Company to achieve its commercial objectives; the business strategy, plans and objectives of the Company and its subsidiaries; and any other statements of non- historical information. These forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "believes," "expects" or similar expressions, involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements, based upon the current beliefs and expectations of Hollysys management, are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ from the forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, they do involve assumptions, risks and uncertainties, and these expectations may prove to be incorrect. Investors should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. The Company's actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including those discussed in the Company's reports that are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and available on its website (http://www.sec.gov). All forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these factors. Other than as required under the securities laws, the Company does not assume a duty to update these forward-looking statements.
For more information, please contact: Hollysys Automation Technologies, Ltd. Web: http://www.hollysys.com Jennifer Zhang Investor Relations Tel: +86-10-5898-1386 Email: firstname.lastname@example.org
SOURCE Hollysys Automation Technologies, Ltd.
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Request more information about PR Newswire products and services or call us at (888) 776-0942. | <urn:uuid:d8ad679c-1266-4ec8-821b-222a39627b93> | 2013-05-18T18:10:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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About the Author
Recent posts by Pat Fitzmaurice
Here are PFW's Week One defensive rankings:
- Houston Texans vs. Dolphins
- New York Jets vs. Bills
- Baltimore Ravens vs. Bengals
- Seattle Seahawks at Cardinals
- Chicago Bears vs. Colts
- Buffalo Bills at Jets
- Philadelphia Eagles at Browns
- Pittsburgh Steelers at Broncos
- San Francisco 49ers at Packers
- Minnesota Vikings vs. Jaguars
- Green Bay Packers vs. 49ers
- Cincinnati Bengals at Ravens
- New Orleans Saints vs. Redskins
- New York Giants vs. Cowboys
- Dallas Cowboys at Giants
- New England Patriots at Titans
- Jacksonville Jaguars at Vikings
- Detroit Lions vs. Rams
- Atlanta Falcons at Chiefs
- Denver Broncos vs. Steelers
- San Diego Chargers at Raiders
- Oakland Raiders vs. Chargers
- Carolina Panthers at Buccaneers
- Cleveland Browns vs. Eagles
- Arizona Cardinals vs. Seahawks
- Kansas City Chiefs vs. Falcons
- Indianapolis Colts at Bears
- Tennessee Titans vs. Patriots
- Miami Dolphins at Texans
- Tampa Bay Buccaneers vs. Panthers
- St. Louis Rams at Lions
- Washington Redskins at Saints
The above player rankings are based on expectations for this week only, not for the entire season, taking into account this week's specific matchups and injuries. The initial rankings are compiled before the release of the NFL's early injury report and are updated Thursday to reflect the status of each player.
We base our rankings on the following scoring system: For skill-position players, one point for every 10 rushing/receiving yards, one point for every 30 passing yards, six points for a TD run or catch, four points for a TD pass, two points for a two-point conversion run or catch, two points for a two-point conversion pass. For kickers, three points for FGs of 18-39 yards, four points for FGs of 40-49 yards, and five points for FGs of 50-plus yards. Defensive rankings are based primarily on points allowed, yardage allowed and sack potential.
Glossary of notations
INJ — player has an injury that may affect productivity or availability.
ILL — player has an illness that may affect productivity or availability.
UP — player was moved up on draft board after original posting.
DOWN — player was moved down on draft board after original posting.
Not listed — player is temporarily sidelined due to injury or suspension but otherwise would be ranked.
ACTIVE — on game day, player has been designated active (posted shortly before kickoff, when available).
INACTIVE — on game day, player has been designated inactive (posted shortly before kickoff, when available).
Players and/or notations added after the original posting are shown in boldface.
Note: Remember to check back for late-week and weekend updates, as well as game inactives (when available) in the 90 minutes preceding the 1 p.m. Sunday kickoffs. You'll also find regular updates in our live fantasy injury reports on Sundays. | <urn:uuid:179db2e7-9e1c-40f4-ad4e-7b77d9958e32> | 2013-05-18T18:08:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, intended to encourage good programming practices using so called structured programming and data structuring.
: What is the reason for this problem? If I leave pascal doing anything
: in loop, After ~30 secs loop is runiing slower than before, but loop returns at normal speed when i move mouse or press a...
: Hi There
: I'm using Turbo Pascal for Windows 1.5, and using WinCrt in my program.
: 1. How can I use color text or color background? I try to use
: Textcolor(1); Textbackground(4);, but it...
: when using this code:
: procedure TForm1.ApplicationEvents1Message(var Msg: tagMSG;
: var Handled: Boolean);
: if (Msg.message = wm_KeyUp) or (Msg.message=wm_KeyDown) then
There are a lot of applications where speed is a critical factor -- such as real-time programs. MS Windows and Unix are not real-time operating systems, so speed is not all that...
Is there any way in Pascal (or asm) to shut down the computer (you know, as in Windows - you press shut down and its turning itself off power).
I'd be grateful. | <urn:uuid:12c439b2-de89-49db-af74-dbe35321f621> | 2013-05-18T18:07:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Nucleic acid binding proteins are required for many processes in living organisms. Transcription factors play an important role in regulating transcription of DNA by binding to specific recognition sites on the chromosome. This regulation is required for cell viability, differentiation and growth(1)
. The ability to detect and confirm the interaction of such proteins with various nucleic acid targets provides valuable information about the cell signaling cascades that govern the ability of a cell to divide, migrate, interact with its neighbors, develop and maintain specialized functions, and terminate viability at the appropriate time.
Two common techniques used to detect the interaction of nucleic acid binding proteins with nucleic acids are the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and fluorescence anisotropy assay(3)
. EMSA involves binding protein to a radiolabeled DNA probe followed by resolution on a polyacrylamide gel. Due to the increase in mass, protein:probe complexes migrate slower than free probe, allowing comparison of free versus bound probe. The specificity of such complexes is determined using competition experiments with unlabeled specific and nonspecific oligos. This method works best with purified protein and can be quite labor intensive, particularly when numerous samples are being processed. In fluorescence anisotropy, a DNA binding protein is bound to a DNA substrate containing a fluorophore. Polarized light is shined onto the sample and then the emitted light is detected. Because a DNA:protein complex tumbles in solution more slowly than the free DNA, there is less deflected light. This method works best with purified protein and requires special equipment.
Protein chips have emerged as an approach for identification of DNA:protein interactions(5)
. Functional protein microarrays are composed of arrays containing full-length functional proteins or protein domains. Fluorescently labeled DNA is used to probe the array and identify proteins that bind to that specific probe. Protein microarrays provide a method for high-throughput identification of DNA:protein interactions. However, microarrays are not easily adaptable. The HaloLink™ Protein Array System offers solutions to these challenges, as described in following paragraph, and certain issues have been specifically addressed. These include preventing false positives.
The HaloLink™ Array System is an alternative approach for analysis of DNA:protein interactions. This system captures nucleic acid binding proteins on a slide surface (Figure 1) and previously has been shown to be a successful method for studying protein:protein interactions and enzymatic reactions(8)
. The system requires the generation of a fusion protein between the DNA-binding protein and the HaloTag® protein(8)
. The HaloTag® protein is a 34kDa modified hydrolase enzyme that can form a rapid, specific and covalent bond with its chloroalkane ligand(10)
. Synthesizing the HaloTag® fusion-DNA-binding protein in cell-free systems adds to the speed and flexibility of the assay. The HaloLink™ Protein Array slides are hydrogel-coated glass slides containing immobilized HaloTag® ligand. Fifty individual wells are created by adding a silicon gasket to the slide. The expressed fusion protein can be bound to the surface covalently, allowing stringent washing and subsequent analysis of DNA binding by adding a DNA probe. This technique is rapid, requires no purified protein, provides a moderate data set (n = 50) and is adaptable to different throughputs.
We used the Rel/NF-κB transcription factor, p50(11)
, as a model DNA binding protein to show that the HaloLink™ Protein Array slide provides a tool for analyzing DNA-binding protein:DNA interactions. Dimers of NF-κB proteins regulate transcription by directly binding enhancer sequences, referred to as κB DNA sequences, which are located in the regulatory regions of numerous genes.
HaloLink™ Protein Array Experimental Design
Figure 1 outlines the experimental design of the HaloLink™ Protein Array System. A HaloTag® fusion protein is expressed with a cell-free expression system and then covalently attached to the slide surface through the HaloTag® protein’s interaction with the HaloTag® ligand (see supplementary information for details). After washing and drying, the slide is processed to determine protein concentration, and is then used to analyze the DNA: protein interaction. To detect the HaloTag® fusion protein, certain wells of the slide are probed with anti-HaloTag® antibody (Cat.# G9281). After a second wash followed with a drying step, the slide is probed with Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-rabbit antibody and analyzed on a Typhoon® 9410 slide scanner to detect the HaloTag® fusion protein. In addition, other wells have a fluorophore-labeled DNA probe added to them. After incubation, the slide is washed, dried, and scanned to detect the DNA:protein interaction.
HaloTag®-p50 binds to the HaloLink™ Protein Array slide and has DNA binding activity.
Two human p50 proteins were expressed as N-terminal HaloTag® fusion proteins in a high-yield wheat germ cell-free protein expression system. One p50 protein contains the DNA binding domain, dimerization domain, and the nuclear localization sequence of the human p50 protein, while the second p50 protein (–DNA BD) has the DNA binding domain removed. Expression of the correctly sized fusion proteins was verified using the HaloTag® TMR Ligand (Cat.# G8251)(12)
followed by SDS-PAGE (Figure 2, Panel A).
Figure 2. HaloTag®-p50 fusion protein attaches to the HaloLink™ Protein Array slide and shows DNA binding activity.
Panel A. TMR-labeled SDS-PAGE of HaloTag® fusions. One microliter of both HaloTag®-p50 and HaloTag®-p50 (–DNA BD) fusion proteins expressed in a cell-free system was labeled with the HaloTag® TMR Ligand and separated using SDS-PAGE. A marker was used to assay for size. Panel B. HaloLink™ Protein Array slide. The numbers correspond to wells, and the letters correspond to columns. Column A: wells 1–10, 5μl of HaloTag®-GST Standard Protein at 0, 1.3, 2.6, 5.2, 10.5, 21, 42, 83, 166, and 332nM, respectively, was added to each well. Each well was then probed with Anti-HaloTag® pAb followed by Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-rabbit IgG antibody. Column B: wells 1–3, 5μl of lysate expressing HaloTag®-p50 fusion protein was added to each well; wells 5-7, 5μl of lysate expressing HaloTag®-p50 (–DNA BD) fusion protein was added to each well. These wells were then probed with Anti- HaloTag® pAb followed with the Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-rabbit IgG antibody. Column C: wells 1–10, 5μl of lysate expressing the HaloTag®-p50 fusion protein was added to each well. WT-DNA was added to the wells at 0, 1, 1.9, 3.9, 7.8, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250nM, respectively. Column D: wells 1–10, 5μl of lysate expressing the HaloTag®-p50 fusion protein was added to each well. Mut-DNA was added at the same concentrations as those in Column C. Column E: wells 1–10, 5μl of lysate expressing the HaloTag®-p50 fusion protein (–DNA BD) added to each well. WT-DNA was added at the same concentrations as those in Column C. Panel C. Graph showing binding of HaloTag®-p50 fusion proteins to DNA. Densities for each well were determined using GenePix® software. The concentration of the DNA was plotted versus the density of each well.
To test DNA binding activity of p50, we used the HaloLink™ Protein Array System. Extract expressing HaloTag®-p50 and HaloTag®-p50 (–DNA BD) were added to the slide (Figure 2, Panel B). Three wells for each protein were probed with anti-HaloTag® antibody followed by Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-rabbit IgG antibody to verify that each protein was bound to the slide (Figure 2, Column B; wells 1–3 for HaloTag®-p50 and wells 5–7 for HaloTag®-p50 [–DNA BD]). A dilution series of the HaloTag®-GST Standard Protein at known concentrations was added to the slide to make a titration curve for bound HaloTag® protein (Figure 2, Panel B; Column A). A titration series of wild-type-DNA (WT-DNA) and mutated-DNA (Mut-DNA) both containing Alexa Fluor® 647 was added to the slide. Following scanning, the fluorescence intensity of each well was determined and plotted (Figure 2, Panel C). The HaloTag®-p50 protein bound the WT-DNA to near saturation levels, and did not significantly bind the Mut-DNA. The HaloTag®-p50 (–DNA BD) protein had no detectable DNA binding activity. Probing with a 32P-labeled nucleotide gave similar results (data not shown). This experiment shows that the HaloLink™ Protein Array slide is able to bind HaloTag®-fusion proteins and is capable of analyzing DNA:protein interactions.
To test further the specificity of the HaloTag®-p50/WT-DNA interaction, we performed a competition assay using unlabeled WT-DNA. Replicates of the HaloTag®-p50 protein expressed in a wheat germ cell-free protein expression system and the HaloTag®-GST Standard Protein (20μg/ml) were bound to a HaloLink™ Protein Array slide (Figure 3, Panel A). The slide was then probed with Alexa Fluor® 647-labeled WT-DNA and mixed with increasing amounts of unlabeled WT-DNA. The binding signal decreased as the amount of unlabeled competitor increased. A plot of the fluorescent intensity of each HaloTag®-p50 well versus the percent of competitor DNA shows a linear decrease in signal (Figure 3, Panel B). The HaloTag®-GST Standard Protein did not bind the WT-DNA. This competition assay shows that the HaloTag®-p50 interaction is specific for the WT-DNA and that competition assays can be performed on the HaloLink™ Protein Array slides.
IκBα Interferes with the DNA Binding Activity of HaloTag®-p50
IκBα is an ankyrin repeat protein that inhibits NF-κB transcriptional activity by sequestering NF-κB outside of the nucleus in resting cells. IκBα forms a very stable complex with NF-κB by binding tightly to the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and weakly to the DNA-binding domain(13)
. In the absence of IκBα, we have shown that the p50 protein can bind the WT-DNA using the HaloLink™ Protein Array slide. We hypothesized that there will be a decrease in the binding of the p50 protein to the WT-DNA when IκBα is bound to the p50 protein.
To detect IκBα, a T7 epitope tag was added to the N-terminus. We expressed both the p50 protein and p50 co-expressed with IκBα in a wheat germ cell-free protein expression system. A Western blot using the T7 antibody verified the expression of IκBα (Figure 4, Panel A). A dilution series of the HaloTag®-GST Standard Protein, the HaloTag®-p50 lysate, and the HaloTag®-p50 + IκBα lysate were added to three HaloLink™ Protein Array slides (Figure 4, Panel C). One slide was probed for HaloTag® fusion protein binding using the Anti-HaloTag® pAb. Another slide was probed for IκBα using the anti-T7 epitope antibody. The third slide was probed with WT-DNA at a concentration of 100nM. After scanning each slide, fluorescent intensities for each well were determined. The concentrations of HaloTag®-p50 in columns B and C were calculated from a titration curve determined using the HaloTag®-GST Standard Protein. These concentrations were plotted versus fluorescent intensities of each spot on slide 3. DNA binding was normalized to compensate for a small decrease in HaloTag®-p50 in column 3 versus column 2 on slide 1. Probing with anti-T7 antibody shows the presence of IκBα in column 3. DNA binding of p50 decreased about threefold when IκBα was present, which is consistent with the reported values(13)
Figure 4. IkappaBalpha inhibits the binding of p50 to DNA.
Panel A. Western Blot analysis of lysate expressing both HaloTag®-p50 fusion protein and IκBα. IκBα contains a T7 epitope tag, which was used for analysis. Panel B. HaloLink™ Protein Array slides. Three slides were imprinted identically with HaloTag®-GST Standard Protein and lysate expressing either HaloTag®-p50 or HaloTag®-p50 + IκBα proteins. Column A: wells 1–9, 5μl of HaloTag®-GST Standard Protein at 0, 2.6, 5.2, 10.5, 21, 42, 83, 166 or 332nM, respectively, was added to the wells. Column B: wells 1–9, 0, 0.039, 0.078, 0.156, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 or 5μl of lysate expressing HaloTag®-p50, respectively, was added to the wells. Column C: rows 1–9 had 0, 0.039, 0.078, 0.156, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, or 5μl lysate expressing HaloTag®-p50 + IκBα, respectively, was added to the wells. Slide 1 was then probed Anti-HaloTag® pAb followed by Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-rabbit IgG antibody. Slide 2 was probed with anti-T7 antibody followed by Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-mouse IgG antibody. Slide 3 was probed with WT-DNA (100nM). Panel C. DNA binding of HaloTag®-p50 fusion protein with and without IκBα was plotted. Densities for each well were determined using GenePix® software. The concentration of the HaloTag®-p50 fusion protein in each well was determined using a calibration curve of HaloTag®-GST Standard Protein. The concentrations were plotted versus the density of each well. The DNA binding signal of HaloTag®-p50 + IκBα proteins was normalized to that of HaloTag®-p50 fusion protein alone to compensate for the small decrease in HaloTag®®-p50 in Column C.
HaloTag®-p50 binds WT-DNA with a greater affinity than HaloTag®-p65
To compare the binding of a similar DNA binding protein, p65, to p50, we expressed p65 (amino acids 19–325) and p50 as HaloTag® fusion proteins in a cell-free protein expression system. Expression of the correctly sized fusion proteins was verified using the HaloTag® TMR Ligand followed by SDS-PAGE (Figure 5, Panel A). To test the ability of these proteins to bind DNA while bound to the HaloLink™ Protein Array slide, we first added lysates expressing HaloTag®-p50 or HaloTag®-65 to the slide (Figure 5, Panel B). Three wells for each protein were probed with Anti-HaloTag® pAb followed by Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-rabbit IgG antibody to verify that each protein was properly bound to the slide (Figure 5, Column B, wells 1–3 for HaloTag®-50 and wells 5 and 6 for HaloTag®-p65). The concentrations of the HaloTag®-p50 and HaloTag®-p65 proteins were calculated to be nearly identical on the slide. Varying concentrations of WT-DNA were added to the slide as shown in Figure 5. After scanning the slide, the densities of each well were determined and fit to a graph. Both proteins bound the WT-DNA, with HaloTag®-p50 binding about twofold better than HaloTag®-p65. These results agree with those reported previously (using fluorescence anisotropy and EMSA)(13)
Figure 5. Binding affinity of p50 and p65 proteins for wildtype DNA.
Panel A. TMR-labeled SDS-PAGE of HaloTag® fusion proteins. One microliter of both HaloTag®-p50 and HaloTag®-p65 fusion proteins expressed in a cell-free expression system was labeled with the HaloTag® TMR Ligand and separated using SDS-PAGE. A marker was used to assay for size. Panel B. HaloLink™ Protein Array slide. Column A: wells 1–10, 5μl of HaloTag®-GST Standard Protein at 0, 1.3, 2.6, 5.2, 10.5, 21, 42, 83, 166 or 332nM, respectively, was added to each well. Each well was then probed with Anti-HaloTag® pAb followed by Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-rabbit IgG antibody. Column B: wells 1–3, 5μl of lysate expressing HaloTag®-p50 was added to each. Wells 5–7, 5μl of lysate expressing HaloTag®-65 was added to each well. Wells 1–3 and 5–7 were then probed with Anti-HaloTag® pAb followed by Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-rabbit IgG antibody. Column C: wells 1–10, 5μl of lysate expressing HaloTag®-p50 was added to each well. WT-DNA was added at to the rows as 0, 1, 1.9, 3.9, 7.8, 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125 or 250nM, respectively. Column D: wells 1–10, 5μl of lysate expressing HaloTag®-p65 added to each. WT-DNA was added at the same concentrations as Column C. The slide was scanned with a GenePix® slide scanner at a wavelength of 635nm. Panel C. The densities for each well were determined using GenePix® software. The concentration of the DNA was plotted versus the density of each well.
The three main components of the HaloLink™ Protein Array system are cell-free expression, the HaloTag® protein and the HaloLink™ Slides. All three contribute to the efficiency, robustness and overall speed of the assay. This system can also be used for functional characterization of purified recombinant protein. In a previous study, the Halolink Protein array system was used to study protein: protein interactions found in the NF-kB complex(17)
. We have shown that the HaloLink™ Protein Array System can be used to analyze Protein: DNA interactions using p50 and p65 transcription factors as model DNA-binding proteins.
First, cell-free translation systems, such as the TNT® SP6 High-Yield Wheat Germ Protein Expression System or the TNT® Rabbit Reticulocyte System, allow for rapid protein production directly from DNA. In addition, protein can be produced in less than two hours using cell-free systems, versus days for production from E. coli-based systems. Cell-free systems also eliminate the expression difficulties some transcription factors have in E. coli-based systems. This adds the flexibility of quickly expressing protein truncations, mutations, or fusions and testing them for activity.
Second, the HaloTag® protein enables covalent and oriented capture of proteins on solid surfaces directly from the cell-free expression system without any prior purification step. The HaloTag® protein forms a covalent bond with its HaloTag® ligand. A HaloTag® ligand with reactive end group is used to activate hydrogel-coated glass slides and, subsequently, to capture proteins of interest expressed as HaloTag®-fusion proteins in cell-free protein expression systems. This approach eliminates the need for protein purification, and allows the fused protein of interest to be oriented for maximum biological activity.
Third, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated glass slides are known to resist nonspecific adsorption of unwanted protein and to prevent surface-induced denaturation of specific proteins. The low-background binding of the HaloLink™ Slides allows the detection of low abundant binding proteins. A silicone gasket creates 50 wells on the glass slide, so that multiple assays can be performed manually on the same slide without any specialized equipment. This offers an improvement over EMSA, which generally allows approximately 15 reactions per gel.
Using the HaloLink™ Protein Array System, we found that p50 bound WT-DNA specifically, and p50 that is lacking its DNA binding domain had no DNA binding activity. This highlights one advantage of using cell-free lysates, truncation and expression is quick, and many different mutations can be tested. The DNA probes used in the experiments were generated synthetically, adding to the speed of the assay. Multiple DNA probes can be tested quickly for binding to one protein, or multiple proteins can be tested for binding to one probe. The DNA can be detected using a fluorophore (as shown in these experiments) or a radiolabeled DNA probe. Both detection methods have similar sensitivity. Using a mutated DNA in a competition assay with wild-type, unlabeled DNA, we showed that the interaction is specific and the HaloLink Protein Array slides have little background binding to the DNA probes.
Furthermore, we compared the binding of two different DNA binding proteins, p50 and p65 and showed that the HaloLink™ Protein Array slide has the sensitivity to show binding differences between different nucleic acid binding proteins and target binding sites, which agrees with previous studies(11)
The HaloLink™ Protein Array slides also provide a platform to study protein:protein:nucleic acid binding. Using the p50 protein and its inhibitor IκBα, we were able to show a decrease in p50 binding to WT-DNA when the inhibitor was present and showed that the HaloLink™ Protein Array slide has the sensitivity to show binding differences between different nucleic acid binding proteins and target binding sites. This decrease in binding was previously observed(13)
. The HaloLink™ Protein Array slide system can be used to analyze the effect that one protein has on the DNA binding activity of another protein.
HaloLink™ Protein Array slides provide a medium-throughput assay for analyzing protein:protein, protein:nucleic acid, and protein:small molecule interactions. Unlike conventional protein arrays, HaloLink™ Protein Array slides allow flexibility of content printing. The user can easily create protein mutations and truncations to assay important binding regions on a protein. Using these slides, a user can screen quickly a number of different potential targets, determine important binding regions and determine the even amino acids required for the interaction. | <urn:uuid:fd95028a-71b3-445c-96ae-ae123a5a9dc7> | 2013-05-18T17:59:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Why would someone want to biotinylate a protein? How can the mechanisms of protein conversion to a mutated form be studied with a biotinylated protein? What else can be studied with a biotinylated protein?
biotinylation of proteins
1 reply to this topic
Posted 18 November 2009 - 03:27 PM
We can help, but won't unless you actually demonstrate that you have put some effort into answering the questions yourself... Think about what biotinylation allows us to do with a protein. i.e. what is special about biotin? | <urn:uuid:ae56b294-85ae-46c1-84ba-529aff80302b> | 2013-05-18T17:21:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- Evening Conflict. In the case of conflict between an evening examination or quiz and other scheduled University approved activities, or in the case of more than one evening examination in any one evening, each student is permitted to make up the examination without penalty.
Non-Evening Conflict. In the case of conflict between a non-evening examination or previously announced quiz and participating in scheduled University-approved activities, the student is permitted to make up the examination or quiz without penalty. (University-approved activities are covered under Section 42-27.)
Initial Legislation: 4/18/89 | <urn:uuid:e3ee751d-2db8-4bbc-8137-25cb411ee15e> | 2013-05-18T18:07:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Dementia can also be caused by endocrine disorders. If hypothyroidism is left untreated, for example, dementia can appear, and aggressive thyroid replacement may not return a patient to his or her previous level of cognitive functioning. The dementia with untreated hypothyroidism is also accompanied by irritability, paranoia, and depression. Cushing disease and Addison disease may lead to dementia. Hypoparathyroidism is the most common cause of basal ganglia calcification with dementia. Hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism may also lead to dementia.
Untreated vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to dementia in the absence of anemia or megaloblastosis. Vitamin B12 replacement may improve cognition, but dementia may still continue. High-dose vitamin B supplements do not slow cognitive decline in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer dementia.14
Head trauma may cause dementia from diffuse axonal injury secondary to shearing forces, focal contusions, hemorrhages, lacerations, and hypoxic ischemia. Symptoms include anterograde and retrograde amnesia, deficiencies in encoding and retrieval of new information, disorganized thinking, poor concentration, and fluent aphasia.
Dementia pugilistica, a syndrome caused by repeated head trauma in boxers, leads to a clinical picture of dementia and ataxia. A study of retired National Football League players found that the incidence of diseases of memory (dementia, Alzheimer disease [AD], or other memory-related disease) was higher in retired players than in the general population.15 However, cognitive tests and neurological examinations were not completed, which significantly limits interpretation of these results.
A chronic subdural hematoma may be caused by mild head trauma in elderly patients and can lead to a clinical picture of dementia. Associated symptoms may include headache, slowed thinking, hemiparesis, change in personality, seizures, and aphasia. Any patient with a subdural hematoma must receive immediate neurosurgical evaluation. Surgical drainage may or may not be required, but an acute bleed can occur, and the pa-tient may have further neurological deterioration.16
Infectious processes can cause a clinical picture of dementia. Neurosyphilis can cause dementia even after 20 years from the time of infection. General paresis, a subtype of neurosyphilis, may present as a progressive dementia, changes in speech, irritability, grandiose delusions, and hallucinations.5,17 The rapid plasma reagin test has a high false-positive rate and results may be negative in late syphilis. A fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test may be a better tool for diagnosis.
HIV-associated dementia affects subcortical structures while sparing the cortex. Forgetfulness, poor concentration, and slowed thinking are early symptoms. Apathy and social withdrawal may arise, and psychosis occurs occasionally. Patients with AIDS may have infections, CNS malignancies, or systemic illness that may lead to cognitive impairment.
Toxins can cause a clinical picture of dementia. Long-term alcohol(Drug information on alcohol) use can lead to alcoholic dementia, which includes anterograde and retrograde amnesia. Alcoholic dementia is mild and slowly progressive; it is associated with impairments on initial letter fluency, fine motor control, and free recall.
Comprehensive treatment planning
Patients with dementia need a comprehensive treatment plan, including biological, psychotherapeutic, social, and family interventions (Table 4).
Biological interventions include treatment of any underlying medical disorders and the appropriate use of medications for target symptoms. Psychotherapeutic interventions can be generally divided into 4 categories:
Although many psychotherapeutic interventions are commonly used in clinical practice, only a few of these interventions have undergone double-blind randomized evaluation.7
Social interventions include assessments of the patient’s living environment, his ability to drive, risk level for abuse and/or neglect, availability of daytime/nighttime supervision, and occupational therapy to ensure home safety. Services such as a home health aide, a house cleaner, and Meals on Wheels may be needed to assist with basic activities of daily living. A discussion about financial/estate planning, health care power of attorney/advanced care directives, and long-term–care facilities may be needed as the dementia progresses.
Family interventions to help prevent caregiver burnout include supporting family caregivers with psychoeducation, respite care, and referral to local support groups through national associations. A list of print and Internet resources that may be useful for those who care for patients with dementia is posted on www.psychiatrictimes.com in the online version of this article.
Table 5 highlights key clinical and neuropsychological features of certain diseases that may cause dementia. The following discussion focuses primarily on cognitive aspects.
The most common cause of dementia in North America and Europe is AD; approximately 4 million persons in the United States have AD.18 Risk factors include increasing age, traumatic brain injury, reduced brain reserve capacity, limited educational/occupational achievement, cerebrovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, athero-sclerosis, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. | <urn:uuid:d30da9d2-a6ac-4001-bdf1-b1978206ea37> | 2013-05-18T17:49:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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NECROPHAGIST was founded in early 1992 to integrate the fury of grinding, fast death metal with progressive music. Shortly after the band formed they entered the studio and recorded their first demo tape entitled 'Requiems of Festered Gore.' 'Requiems of Festered Gore' was never released to the masses as it was sent out solely for promotional reasons in an attempt to help the band secure gigs.
In 1995, NECROPHAGIST re-entered the studio and recorded a self-titled, follow-up demo. The demo's impact sent shock waves through the European underground death metal scene, which helped NECROPHAGIST not only establish their gruesome name, but allowed the band to play numerous shows all over Europe. Soon NECROPHAGIST was recognized as one of the leading bands in the growing underground progressive/technical death metal scene.
In 1999, NECROPHAGIST recorded their self-released, full-length debut 'Onset of Putrefaction.' Despite the limited number of copies that were made, 'Onset of Putrefaction' only solidified the growing reputation that NECROPHAGIST had started with their self-titled demo. Soon, NECROPHAGIST became the standard for progressive death metal. Uniting influences from different styles, including classical music, 'Onset of Putrefaction' showcased NECROPHAGIST's demanding dexterity, inhuman brutality and fury.
With 'Onset of Putrefaction' NECROPHAGIST reanimated the brutal death metal genre that many had left for dead. 'Onset of Putrefaction' actually became an influence for hordes of young musicians and fledgling European death metal bands. The overwhelming response to 'Onset of Putrefaction' helped NECROPHAGIST secure highly sought after support slots with such extreme music luminaries as CANNIBAL CORPSE, NAPALM DEATH and SINISTER. This attention further blossomed into NECROPHAGIST's appearance at numerous festivals, including the Fuck The Commerce in Germany, the legendary Brutal Assault in the Czech Republic and the Maryland Deathfest in the United States.
Now in 2004, NECROPHAGIST have signed to Relapse Records and are prepared to unleash the crushing 'Epitaph' on a pitiful and unsuspecting world. Once again NECROPHAGIST have pushed the boundaries of technical and progressive Death Metal to new heights, setting an extreme standard by which others will follow. NECROPHAGIST have quite literally gone where no band has gone before...
2. The Stillborn One
3. Ignominious & Pale
4. Diminished to Be
6. Only Ash Remains
8. Symbiotic in Theory | <urn:uuid:e1a4d914-a5b1-4457-9713-dfdf25db0ff9> | 2013-05-18T17:56:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Domain Analysis of Mosaic Proteins in Purple Sea Urchin
Purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus or Sp) are invertebrates that share more than 7,000 genes with humans, more than other common model invertebrate organisms like fruit flies and worms. In addition, the innate immune system of sea urchins demonstrates unprecedented complexity. These factors make the sea urchin a very interesting organism for investigations of immunology. Of particular interest are the set of proteins in SP that contain C-type lectin (CLECT) domains, a functional region in the protein which recognizes sugars. Proteins containing CLECTs may be particularly important to immune system robustness because of sugars that are present on pathogens.
The primary goals of this research project are first to identify all the CLECT-containing proteins in the Sp genome, and then to predict their function based on similarity to characterized proteins in other species (protein homology or similarity). The latter goal is particularly challenging and requires new and creative analysis methods.
From an informational viewpoint, proteins are represented by a unique sequence of letters, each letter corresponding to an amino acid. For example G-A-V indicates the sequence glycine, alanine and valine. Commonality between proteins is usually measured by sequence alignments; that is, by directly comparing the sequence of letters between two proteins. Algorithms and tools for these alignments are among the most standardized and available tools in bioinformatics.
Sequence similarity between homologous proteins can degrade over long evolutionary timescales. This is in part because some mutations at the sequence level can occur without compromising a protein's overall function. This is akin to the evolution of a language, e.g modern English and middle English, which initially appear to be separate languages due to spelling differences. Because domains are regions of a protein which can function semi- independently, they are less prone to accommodate mutations. By comparing proteins based on the ordering of their domains, or their "domain architecture", it becomes possible to identify homology, or similarities in domain order, separated by extensive evolution.
Alignment tools based on domain architecture are promising, but are still in their infancy. Consequently, very few researchers utilize both sequence and domain alignment methodologies corroboratively. Using Python scripts in tandem with various web tools and databases, we have identified the top alignment candidates for the CLECT-containing Sp proteins using both methods. With the help of the Enthought Tool Suite, we have created a simple visualization tool that allows users to examine the sequence alignments side-by-side with two types of domain alignments. The information provided by these three results together is much more informative with respect to predicting protein function than any single method alone. Finally, we have developed a systematic set of heuristic rules to allow users to make objective comparisons among the three sets of results. The results can later be parsed using Python scripts to make quantitative and qualitative assessments of the dataset. We believe that these new comparison and visualization techniques will apply in general to computational proteomics. | <urn:uuid:893f21bd-6174-4ac5-a66f-0cd422b375df> | 2013-05-18T18:06:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Nick Heidfeld says he would be open to staying at BMW Sauber if it lived on under new ownership in 2010, as he believes the team could remain competitive if it had sufficient budget.
The Hinwil-based squad is still on the market after BMW announced in late July that it was pulling out of Formula 1, although if it is rescued it would still be in competition with other potential new entrants for the 13th slot in the field.
But despite its poor 2009 season and its current uncertain state, Heidfeld remains confident in the team's potential.
"For me it would be definitely an option as I think the team should stay very similar to what it is now," he said.
"It would be important if the finances were good enough to keep most of the people there, because the performance has been good, apart from the beginning of this year. And now hopefully it's going up again, so I believe that the team could be strong again in the future.
"But there's actually not much going on at the moment because nobody knows if or who will be there, so there's nobody to speak to."
Heidfeld admitted that events like the Renault scandal had thrown the driver market into further confusion.
"They are ongoing, but at the moment nothing that can be said or written," he replied when asked how negotiations for 2010 seats were progressing.
"It was already quite difficult to know exactly what's going on everywhere, and it's become even more crazy now with Renault, not knowing what's going to happen there, if [Nelson] Piquet did it on purpose, if and how is he going to be penalized, and if you imagine there were talks with Renault pulling out, that would not make the position a lot better."
But he ruled out chasing a drive at one of the three new teams to be awarded an F1 entry for 2010.
"No, I'm not speaking to new teams," said Heidfeld. "I try to follow what they do a bit and get an idea of the situation, because obviously there are also rumours that some teams are not doing a lot and maybe will not be on the grid next year, don't have a lot of money, and whatever.
"So it's something interesting, something to follow, but there are no teams there I'm talking to at the moment, simply because I don't expect them to be at the front of the grid in the near future. It's impossible." | <urn:uuid:81242167-5269-4845-9e1b-95e35a0d5423> | 2013-05-18T17:30:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Sebastien Ogier's lead of Rally Mexico has come under threat from officialdom once again, with a Citroen representative requested to talk to the stewards of the event this evening after new evidence relating to his Friday route error emerged.
The clerk of the course felt no action was required following the Frenchman's mistake, when he turn left into service instead of right into the regroup yesterday, but the Ford team requested that the event organizers view video footage of the incident.
A Ford spokesman said: "We made a representation to the clerk of the course and invited them to view the independent footage of the incident."
The footage is alleged to show a Citroen mechanic putting the jack underneath the DS3 WRC and another mechanic touching the car – both of which would be classed as outside assistance.
The regroup area, which Ogier had passed into when he crossed through the time control, is governed by the same regulations as for a parc ferme, meaning nobody from the team is permitted to touch the car.
A decision from the stewards is expected this evening. If the video evidence is found to highlight a contravention of the rules, Ogier is almost certain to be hit with a time penalty, dropping him out of the lead and potentially leaving his team-mate Sebastien Loeb with a healthy advantage over Ford's Mikko Hirvonen going into Sunday's final day.
Citroen declined to comment on the situation. | <urn:uuid:af40592c-c53f-48cd-bece-a6a6a997e46f> | 2013-05-18T17:19:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Michael Schumacher has criticized Formula 1's team bosses for failing to implement the drivers' requests to have qualifying at Monaco split into two groups to reduce traffic.
The 24 F1 drivers were unanimous in their desire to have Q1 run as two separate 10-minute sessions, rather than the normal one 20-minute, to alleviate the problem of potentially having 24 cars on the 2.25-mile circuit at once. But the teams could not reach an agreement on the change of format, and Schumacher believes because some want to gamble on traffic playing into their hands.
"Some team bosses felt they would rather have the chaos and maybe take the profit from this than to have a reasonable, clean qualifying," Schumacher said. "So that's what it is, that's what we have to deal with, and let's see who has to suffer or not."
Although Schumacher has raced at Monaco in times when Formula 1 had more than the current 24 cars, the sessions also lasted longer, so there was less chance of all the cars being out on track at once.
"In a way, the field is probably a bit tighter [now] because, in the past, it was normal to have five or six seconds difference between the first and the last cars, and staggering backward there were bigger gaps," he said. "Now, you have more cars in close competition in terms of lap times, but when you have 24 cars on a track which is 3.6km, it comes down to less than 200 meters between each car if all the cars are on track. That's not much for qualifying, so it's going to be interesting for Q1." | <urn:uuid:dc2f0e52-78d9-49ca-9cd4-43369fb50f8e> | 2013-05-18T17:39:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Discover Adionomy, Your Online Radio Advertising Campaign, Fast, Easy and Custom-Made!
From his native home, near the beautiful Oslo fjord in Norway, Tom made his way to sunny California in the late seventies and now lives and records his music by the beach in Los Angeles. In addition to contributions to the score for Michael Manns film "Ali", Vedvik also worked on the films "Pirates of the Caribbean" and "Ring". In 2001, Vedvik composed the music for the Norwegian television series "Fox Gronland" which won the Amanda award and Gullruten (Norways Oscar and Emmy) for best drama. The 24 episode series also aired in Sweden and Denmark. | <urn:uuid:b29593be-35f9-44f8-ae0b-995c2a7d8ec4> | 2013-05-18T17:19:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation
Text links are shown below
- Home Page -
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Formed at Hainault Farm as a night fighter unit on 12 June 1918 by taking a flight from Nos 44, 78 and 112 Squadrons. The first flight moved to France on 16 June and ten days later the rest of the squadron was also in France. It operated Camels in defence of British bases in the area and by the end of the war had destroyed 26 enemy aircraft. It also introduced the principle of night intrusion, when it made attacks against German bombers returning to their airfields. Having returned to Britain in February 1919, it disbanded at Drem on 10 September.
The squadron reformed on 4 August 1936 at North Weald, equipped with Gauntlets from a detachment of No 56 Squadron. Hurricanes began to arrive in December 1938 and conversion was completed in February 1939. Unlike many Hurricane units, it remained in Britain on defensive duties, instead of going to France. It then covered the Dunkirk evacuation and took part in most of the Battle of Britain, before moving to Digby in September 1940.
The following November, it was decided to transfer the squadron to the night fighting role and it moved to Bramcote where it also received Defiants. Night operations were commenced in February 1941 from its base at Wittering and a detachment at Coltishall. In April 1942, Mosquitos began to arrive and the Hurricanes were immediately retired although it was July before the Defiants left, leaving the squadron solely equipped with the Mosquito. From April 1943, as a result of the declining night interceptions being made, the squadron moved to Colerne, from where it began intruder operations. In October 1944, a move to Castle Camps led to it adopting the bomber support role and these were continued from East Anglia until the end of the war. A few days later the squadron moved back to the West Country, disbanding at Weston Zoyland on 10 October 1946.
From 11 February 1949 until 14 September 1951, the squadron number was linked to No 23 Squadron, but on the 15th, the squadron regained its independence, when it reformed at Leuchars as a Vampire night fighter unit. In April 1953 Meteor NF Mk 11s replaced the Vampires and in July 1955, these were replaced by Venom NF Mk 3s. The squadron's role changed in July 1957, when it became an all-weather fighter unit on re-equipping with Javelins, these being retained until 19 September 1961, when the squadron disbanded, still being at Leuchars.
Its final incarnation lasted from 1 January 1962 to 25 May 1963, when the Signals Command Development Squadron was given the number. Bases at Watton, this unit operated a range of aircraft including Lincolns, Hastings, Varsities and Canberras on radar research and development. The squadron was disbanded by being renumbered No 97 Squadron.
Motto: Foy Pour Devoir (Fidelity unto duty)
Squadron Codes used: -
Formed as a night fighter unit equipped with Camels at Rochford on 1 June 1918, it moved to France in October, but saw little action in the remaining three weeks of the war, returning to Drem in February 1919, where it disbanded on 30 June.
The squadron reformed at Acklington on 1 October 1939 equipped with Gladiators. Conversion to Spitfires began in January 1940 and this process was complete by February. Initially retained in the North-East for defensive duties, it moved south in July 1940 to Warmwell, where it remained throughout the Battle of Britain. It flew convoy patrols from Portreath from April 1941 before moving to East Anglia in August, from were it flew escort missions. In January 1942, it moved to Northern Ireland, in August it was back on convoy patrols from Angle but in September it moved to Wittering and began preparing fro embarkation overseas.
The squadron took part in the Allied landing in North Africa in November and from the 14th of that month it moved onto airfields in Algeria. During the early part of this campaign, it provided fighter cover to fighter-bombers supported 1st Army's advance. March 1943 saw the squadron adopting the fighter-bomber role itself, which it conducted until the end of the campaign. In preparation for the landings on Sicily, the squadron moved to Malta in June 1943, moving onto the island in July and then Italy in September.
However, in November it was on the move to another operational theatre, when it was advised to transfer to India. Arriving in December it re-equipped Spitfire VIIIs and immediately began fighter patrols until April 1944 when it went back to fighter-bomber operations. It was involved in the Battle of Imphal and continued to support 14th Army for the rest of the war. Following VJ-Day, the squadron moved to Singapore, where it disbanded on 10 March 1946.
Two months later on 8 May 1946, No 136 Squadron was renumbered 152. Equipped with Spitfire XIVs, it received Tempests in June but a spares shortage limited flying and the disbanded again on 15 January 1947. From 11 February 1949 until 31 May 1954, the squadron number was linked to No 19 Squadron, but on 1 June 1954, the squadron regained its independence, when it reformed at Wattisham as a Meteor night fighter unit. It disbanded on 31 July 1958. However, on 29 September 1958, No 1417 Flight was raised to squadron status as No 152 Squadron. It was equipped with Pembrokes and Twin Pioneers for communications duties in the Persian Gulf. It finally disbanded on 9 December 1967.
Motto: Faithful Ally
Squadron Codes used: -
There is No 152 Squadron Association but Richard Castle, 1 Battle Close, Sarisbury Green, Southampton, Hampshire, SO31 7ZF: tel 01489 601937 is in contact with some members; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
Formed at Hainault Farm as a night fighter unit on 4 November 1918, but the Armistice seven days later prevented the squadron becoming operational or receiving any aircraft, but it was 13 June 1919, before it actually disbanded.
The squadron eventually formed on 24 October 1941 at Ballyhalbert from 'A' Flight of No 256 Squadron, which had moved there on 14 October from Squires Gate. It operated Defiants on night fighter duties until May 1942 but in December, a Blenheim arrived for training and in January the process of converting the squadron onto Beaufighters began in ernest. Following conversion the squadron continued to provide night defence of Northern Ireland until December when it moved to North Africa.
In North Africa, the squadron provide night cover to Allied forces as well as providing protection to convoys from a range of advanced bases. From July 1944, the squadron was bases in Sardinia, from where it added night intruder operations to its duties. These were conducted against targets in Southern France and Northern Italy and in August, the squadron received a few Spitfires and Hurricanes for use in dawn patrols, but on 5 September the squadron disbanded.
The following month (7 October), the squadron reformed at Kirmington from a nucleus supplied by No 166 Squadron as a Lancaster equipped bomber unit, but almost immediately moved to Scampton. Until the end of the war, it operated as part of Bomber Command's Main Force and then carried out trooping flights to Italy, disbanding on 28 September 1945. The squadron has far been reformed for one other period, 28 February 1955 to 2 July 1958. This was in its original role as a night fighter unit, being based at West Malling with Meteor NF Mk 12 and 14s for the entire period.
Motto: Noctividus (Seeing by night)
Squadron Codes used: -
On 9 May 1918, it was proposed to form the squadron for deployment to France with Bristol F2Bs in October but these plans were cancelled on 4 July. Its formation was immediately rescheduled to form on 3 August for deployment on 3 October, but this plan was suspended on 29 July. Eventually the squadron was formed at Chingford on 7 August for deployment on 29 October, but having received no aircraft, it was disbanded on 11 September.
The squadron reformed at Fowlmere on 17 November 1941, being declared operational in February 1942. Equipped with Spitfires, it moved to Churchstanton in May for convoy escort duties and Hornchurch in June where it began offensive operations over France. However, on 30 August, it flew its last mission and was taken off operations, moving to Welligore the next day to prepare for movement overseas.
The ground echelon left on 1 November by sea, whilst the air echelon flew out to Gibraltar, operating from there until the two components were able to re-assemble in Algeria on 21 November. The squadron provided air defence of the Allied forces along the North African coast until the end of the campaign. After this it moved to Malta, from where it supported the invasion of Sicily, moving onto the island itself on 18 July 1943. In September the squadron moved to Italy but in December it moved to Palestine and the n Cyprus, from where it took part in operations in Syria. April 1944 saw te squadron operating from Corsica and in August it provided cover for Operation 'Dragoon', the Allied invasion of Southern France. It then remained in France provided air cover to the advancing Allied armies until the end of September, when it returned to Italy, disbanding at Naples on 1 November 1944.
Two weeks late (16 November), the squadron reformed at Biggin Hill, acquiring No 131 Squadron's Spitfire VIIs. These were used to provide long range bomber escorts, which was made easier from February 1945, when Mustangs replaced the Spitfires but on 31 March 1945, the squadron disbanded at its latest base of Hunsdon.
Motto: His modis ad victoriam (By this means to Victory)
Squadron Codes used: -
On 9 May 1918, it was proposed to form the squadron for deployment to France with DH9As in September and then October but these plans were cancelled on 4 July. Its formation was immediately rescheduled to form on 6 September for deployment on 6 November, but this plan was suspended on 29 July. It eventually formed as a night bomber squadron at Feltham on 14 September 1918, it received some DH9As but having failed to achieve operational status was disbanded on 7 December.
No 155 reformed on 1 April 1942 at Peshawar, equipped with Curtiss Mohawks, however it was September before the squadron became operational. It was involved in air defence operations and coastal patrols around Madras, but the following month it was transferred to Bengal, where it began to operate over Burma.
The squadron retained its Mohawks on a vareity of operations including ground attack, recce and escort duties until January 1944, when it eventually received more modern equipment in the form of Spitfires. With these it was employed on air defence as well as its previous roles. With the Japanese surrender the squadron moved to Singapore and then in May 1946 it moved to Sumatra, where it disbanded on 31 October 1946.
At the time of writing (2002), the squadron's final incarnation began on 1 September 1954, when it reformed at Seletar as a Whirlwind helicopter squadron. It flew these aircraft in the light transport and casualty evacuation roles during Operation 'Firedog' supporting both the army and police in their fight against Communist terrorist. However, on 3 June 1959, the squadron was disbanded when it was amalgamated with No 194 to form No 110 Squadron.
Motto: Eternal vigilance
Squadron Codes used: -
All Squadron badges on this page are courtesy of Steve Clements
© Crown Copyright is reproduced with the permission of the Directorate of Intellectual Property Rights
This page was last updated on 30/12/11 using FrontPage XP©
Sqns 156 - 160
[Top of Page] Sqns 156 - 160 | <urn:uuid:e7d48deb-3ad5-4587-b01a-c1beb1026064> | 2013-05-18T17:57:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hansen is threatening humanity again with climate dice
Perceptions of Climate Change: The New Climate Dice
We conclude that extreme heat waves, such as that in Texas and Oklahoma in 2011 and Moscow in 2010, were “caused” by global warming
Hansen has been holding the dice since he had a full head of hair, and has been coming up snake-eyes for 25 years.
July, 1936 was the hottest month in US history. Did global warming cause the heat wave? | <urn:uuid:757fd6f8-d93e-4ecd-adb0-aec36d25ca61> | 2013-05-18T17:48:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Deep Chemical Peel Vs Fraxel Resurfacing for Wrinkles
I had the fraxel resurfacing done about a year ago in San Diego,but the results only lasted 2 to 4 months, and I honestly think I have deeper wrinkles a year later. I'm 42 and have some med to deep wrinkles. I'm now considering a deep chem peel, but have no clue if that would be better or worse. help. | <urn:uuid:2acf113c-b920-4297-a776-a43fc254a34e> | 2013-05-18T17:22:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hickory Smoked Bourbon Turkey
Source: Southern Living magazine
1 (11 pound) whole turkey, thawed
2 cups maple syrup
1 cup bourbon
1 tablespoon pickling spice
Hickory wood chunks
1 large carrot, scraped
1 celery rib
1 medium onion, peeled and halved
1 tablespoon salt
2 teaspoons pepper
Garnishes: mixed greens, lemon wedges
Remove giblets and neck from turkey; reserve for other uses, if desired. Rinse turkey thoroughly with cold water, and pat dry.
Add water to a large stockpot, filling half full; stir in maple syrup, bourbon, and pickling spice. Add turkey and, if needed, additional water to cover. Cover and chill turkey for 2 days.
Soak hickory wood chunks in fresh water at least 30 minutes.
Prepare charcoal fire in smoker; let fire burn 20 to 30 minutes.
Remove turkey from water, discarding water mixture; pat dry. Cut carrot and celery in half crosswise. Stuff cavity with carrot, celery, and onion. Pierce lemon with a fork; place in neck cavity.
Combine salt and pepper; rub mixture over turkey. Fold wings under, and tie legs together with string, if desired.
Drain wood chunks, and place on coals. Place water pan in smoker, and add water to depth of fill line. Place turkey in center of lower food rack; cover with smoker lid.
Cook 6 hours or until a meat thermometer inserted into thickest portion of turkey thigh registers 180 degrees F, adding additional water, charcoal, and wood chunks as needed. Remove from smoker, and let stand 15 minutes before slicing.
Garnish, if desired.
Makes 12 to 14 servings.
Cook Time: Chill: 48 hrs., Soak: 30 min., Cook: 6 hrs., Stand: 15 min. | <urn:uuid:566d986d-8764-45f4-8b05-626e42014f28> | 2013-05-18T17:36:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Cannot connect to MySQL server
Please make sure of the following:
- The MySQL credentials in the config.php file are correct.
- Your MySQL server is installed and is up and running properly.
- If you have recently updated the MySQL credentials in the config.php file, moved your store to another server, or updated the password of your hosting control panel (some control panels update the MySQL password automatically if you change the main password), make sure the MySQL credentials specified in your store's config.php file match the MySQL credentials provided by your hosting. | <urn:uuid:a78e7927-e7bb-4251-9e12-14bddf650b47> | 2013-05-18T18:06:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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