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Ticket #9259 (closed bug: duplicate)
1.6 breaks my code
|Reported by:||chuck@…||Owned by:||chuck@…|
JQuery 1.3 - 1.5.2 seems to run this code ok. 1.6 does not.
In my app I dynamically update the status of two radio buttons that indicate the direction off a "pin".
<div id="pinio"> <input type="radio" name="I_O" value="0" onclick="editPin('I_O',0)"> In<br />
<input type="radio" name="I_O" value="1" onclick="editPin('I_O',1)"> Out<br /><br/> </div>
Whenever a new pin is selected the following jquery updates the radio buttons to indicate which direction that pin in pointing.
var $radios = $('#pinForm input[name="I_O"]:radio'); $radios.filter('[value='+pinsMainRaph[i].PT_io_type+']').attr('checked',true);
pinsMainRaph[i].PT_io_type will be either a "0" or a "1" depending on pin direction.
Works great in earlier versions. In 1.6 it sets the radio buttons correctly the first time it runs, but not at all after that. No errors in Chrome, no clue as to why. Tried several variations and still no workie. Happy to answer any questions you might have.
- Priority changed from undecided to low
- Resolution set to duplicate
- Status changed from pending to closed
- Component changed from unfiled to attributes | <urn:uuid:1c8b79c4-d16a-4769-944e-362109a2044f> | 2013-05-21T17:37:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The row centred on a Weetabix–branded app that could be accessed via the cereal brand's homepage.
The Weetabix app, which used QR technology and was created by Bartle Bogle Hegarty, included two games in which players could control a character, called the WeetaKid, to collect items to populate Weetakid's "world".
A character in the game issued messages to players such as " No Weetabix? Disaster! Don't make things harder for yourself!", and "You’re not eating your Weetabix? What about the extra energy? Oh good heavens!"
The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) was hit by complaints, including representations from the Family and Parenting Institute, which questioned the morality of the advergame.
The complaints challenged Weetabix on five separate issues: whether it exploited the credulity, loyalty, vulnerability of children by making them feel inferior or unpopular for not buying a product; that it included a plea to children to buy an advertised product; that the games were identifiable as marketing communications, and that the games advertised as a product, Weetos Bars, which could be classified as a product as a high in fat, salt or sugar and thus encouraged poor nutritional habits.
In its defence, Weetabix said it had purposefully designed the app so that it could be played without purchasing the product. It also said the game was played in an "imaginary" and "fantastical" world, and so the impact of words and phrases used in the game should be viewed in that context.
The cereal brand acknowledged it was possible that messages and actions in the game might impact on children's food preferences, but said that that in itself did not constitute a breach of the CAP Code.
However, in its ruling, the ASA said it disagreed with Weetabix and that the game blurred the lines between the fantastical and real world. It also ruled that the language in the game could mean that children thought they were failing if they did not eat Weetabix.
The advertising watchdog said that although Weetabix had not broken any rules on three out of the four issues that had been complained about, it ruled that it exploited the credulity, loyalty of children by making them feel inferior or unpopular for not buying a product.
It banned the Weetabix ad, adding that, "We told Weetabix to ensure that their marketing communications that were directly targeted at children did not exploit their credulity or vulnerability, or make them feel inferior if they did not buy or ask their parents to buy, Weetabix's products."
This article was first published on marketingmagazine.co.uk
A useful study here from the ‘Pew Research Center’ taking a look at the demographic make-up of US social media users across Twitter, Tumblr, Pinterest, Instagram and Facebook. No data on LinkedIn of Google+, but great stats all the same. | <urn:uuid:b72a86d2-3a32-4fe9-83c4-50ccf3a66933> | 2013-05-21T17:46:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Baked Fried Chicken Breast with Mixed Vegetables
non-stick cooking spray
1/2 cup plain dried bread crumbs
1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
2 tablespoons cornmeal
1/2 teaspoon ground red pepper
1 large egg white
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 1/2 lbs boneless, skinless chicken breast
3 cups mixed vegetables
Pre-heat oven to 350°. Spray a medium baking pan with cooking spray. On waxed paper, mix bread crumbs, cheese, cornmeal, and ground red pepper.
In pie plate, beat egg white and salt. Dip each piece of chicken in egg white mixture, then coat with bread crumb mixture. Place chicken in pan; spray lightly with cooking spray.
Bake chicken for 30 minutes or until coating is crisp and juices run clear when chicken is pierced with the tip of a knife. Add mixed vegetables to chicken. Bake for 5 more minutes. Serve with garlic mashed potatoes. | <urn:uuid:31a96248-7d12-494e-9c32-b21f4f42e6f6> | 2013-05-21T17:31:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I believe that, from the perspective of the C++ Standard, there is no difference between #include "xyz.h" and #include "xyz.cpp" if they both contain the same thing. In practice, an IDE might create the makefile (or other build script) such that "xyz.cpp" is compiled even when it should not be, possibly leading to redefinition errors.
SQLite's amalgamation is an example of an optimisation where the final source code is generated from the various header files and source files such that it becomes one big source file. This might be a better way than trying to develop by including (non-header) source files all over the place.
But it can.Quote:
It would be truly amazing of the Microsoft compiler if it can do that.
I cannot say for sure, but usually when compiling a Release, it is a pretty long process and many files are typically re-compiled, and during a Debug build, you do not use optimizations.Quote:
But is that to say every time a cpp file is changed, the whole project needs to be recompiled? Since that's the only way cross-file inlining can be done?
But I think the optimization is done at the linker stage, so perhaps only the linking stage needs to be redone.
For one thing, it is considered bad practice to include source files. Not that it is really such a bad thing if used like this, but anyway.Quote:
If that is the case... then what's the difference between that and including cpp files? (and keeping dummy header files for human reference, or include all headers before all cpp's?)
Secondly, the entire code base is completely re-compiled everytime, even if nothing has changed in those source files.
Thirdly, I guess there will be complications, such as global variables with internal linkage, and such. Probably much more.
Not sure what you are hinting at?Quote:
I thought one of the main advantages of using headers is that the project can be incrementally compiled.
I think we should not call it "linking" when we're talking of "inlining from all of the source code", because what really happens is that the compiler is doing the work in two or three steps. The first step involves reading and "understanding" the source code. The second step involves generating the actual binary code. In the case of "whole program optimization", you'd only spend a little bit of time parsing the code and making some intermediate form that can be used for producing the final binary. But certainly, some of the steps in the actual code generation step will involve quite a bit of "hard work" for the processor, compared to just linking together already compiled object files. But for a total build from scratch, I'd expect that it's not much difference. And as Elysia says, most development is done in debug builds, where very little time is spent on optimization. | <urn:uuid:2f3a7e6a-1591-4c19-b893-45b791782dd2> | 2013-05-21T17:44:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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CFA Competition Classes
A cat show is composed of a number of separate, concurrently running, individual shows held in the
various judging rings throughout a show hall. Each show is presided over by a different judge, who presents his or her own
awards independent of the decisions of other judges. Hence, a cat which is chosen Best in Show by the judge in Ring 1, may
not always be given the same award by the judge in Ring 2.
Individual judging rings can be classified as either allbreed or specialty. In an allbreed ring all cats,
regardless of coat length or type, compete for various awards. In a specialty ring only those cats of similar coat length
(or type) compete for awards.
Cats compete at CFA shows in one of seven categories.
The KITTEN competition is for unaltered or altered, pedigreed kittens between the ages of four and eight
The CHAMPIONSHIP competition is for unaltered pedigreed cats over the age of eight months.
The PREMIERSHIP competition is for altered pedigreed cats over the age of eight months.
The VETERAN competition is for unaltered or altered, pedigreed cats over the age of seven years. Veterans
are only eligible for awards in the Veteran class.
The HOUSEHOLD PET competition is for non-pedigreed cats over the age of four months. Household pets may
NOT be declawed, and if they over the age of eight(8) months, they must be neutered or spayed. Read more...
The MISCELLANEOUS competition is for those breeds just starting the process for recognition with CFA.
This class puts the breed on exhibition at the shows, and allows judges to examine the cats and discuss their proposed breed
standard. This class receives no awards. Current Miscellaneous Breeds are the Burmilla and Chinese Li Hua
The PROVISIONAL competition is the next step after Miscellaneous for breeds wanting recognition with CFA.
Cats in this class compete for Best of Breed, but are not eligible for finals until they are advanced to Championship status. | <urn:uuid:745ca7f5-d3b7-44de-8092-68c75ea5411c> | 2013-05-21T17:16:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Norton Safe Web result
Domain Traffic Graph of 8d.ro
Google safe browsing result
What is the current listing status for 8d.ro?
This site is not currently listed as suspicious.
What happened when Google visited this site?
Google has not visited this site within the past 90 days.
Has this site acted as an intermediary resulting in further distribution of malware?
Over the past 90 days, 8d.ro did not appear to function as an intermediary for the infection of any sites.
Has this site hosted malware?
No, this site has not hosted malicious software over the past 90 days. | <urn:uuid:166da27d-3941-4d98-b0e6-3b04253a587c> | 2013-05-21T17:09:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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We had been selling Decorative gas fires for many years but we were aware that our sales of these fires were no longer growing as rapidly as in the past and we recognised that consumer demand for heat output and efficiency was becoming an increasingly significant factor.
Around 18 months ago we decided to develop a new range of gas effect fires to supplement our existing Alchemy branded Chesney’s range of decorative gas log and coal fires. We had been selling Decorative gas fires for many years but we were aware that our sales of these fires were no longer growing as rapidly as in the past and we recognised that consumer demand for heat output and efficiency was becoming an increasingly significant factor.
Having said this, many customers are still very happy to purchase a DFE fire. They provide an extremely realistic re-creation of both real coal and log fires but produce a limited level of heat and should only be viewed as a secondary source of heat within any room. As the name suggests,they are primarily intended for visual effect but in many cases this is exactly what the customer requires, where an efficient central heating system already exists and the room would otherwise become overheated..
Our task therefore was to address the growing demand for efficient gas appliances that are economical to run and which generate significant levels of heat and we identified that the best means of achieving this would be to use a convection unit with a sealed glass fascia. Our approach to developing this new range was guided by two principles. Firstly the product had to incorporate the very latest technology delivering levels of performance that at the very least match those of any existing competing products.Secondly, and equally importantly, the new product range had to embody a design aesthetic that would be uniquely distinctive and put it way ahead of the competition.
The challenge we faced in developing this new high efficiency glass fronted range, which we have branded as Chesney’s Alchemy GF range, was how to achieve the realistic look that we wanted given the constraints imposed by the need for a glass fascia and the incorporation of the sophisticated componentry required for a highly efficient convection system.
The first thing that we did was to source a specialist type of non-reflective glass. This glass has the advantage of being virtually invisible and immediately takes the product a large step closer to looking like a real fire. Clearly the logs need to look as lifelike as possible and to achieve this we used the same process as for our DFE fires, vacuum casting and individually hand painting each log. For customers seeking a traditional fireplace we wanted to offer the conventional arrangement of a fire basket with fire dogs. We had to ensure that these wouldn’t rust as a result of the condensation that occurs when a glass fronted fire is first ignited and we overcame this problem by giving both basket and dogs an attractive brushed nickel plated finish. This is a first in the industry as no other manufacturer offers a fire basket and dogs within a sealed glass unit.
We also developed a selection of different interior panel finishes including a hand painted re-creation of an original set of random Cotswold stone panels produced for us by a Somerset based stone mason. Finally,we wanted a totally unique show stopper, quire unlike anything else that is available, and which will, we hope, become indelibly linked with the new Alchemy Glass Fronted range. For this we designed a beautifully elegant elongated urn which was cast in bronze and then hand polished. To get the shape absolutely right we used the services of Aztec Model Makers in South West London. The result is visually stunning and the dancing flame patterns the fire produces are a credit to the mix of engineering and aesthetics that our Research and Development team, based in Yorkshire and headed by Andrew Fayers,bring to every project.
The features I have described make our Alchemy GF range absolutely unique in the market place in terms of its design whilst also delivering outstanding performance levels, with many models achieving levels in excess of 80% efficient in independent testing.
Finally, I am very pleased to note that we have been able to set up production of the entire Alchemy GF range in the UK, guaranteeing the highest standards of quality. | <urn:uuid:4e3ca824-03a0-4853-bcda-29fa13111188> | 2013-05-21T17:29:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Prep Time: 10 minutes
Total Time: 10 minutes
- 1 pound scallops (sea scallops if possible)
- 1 red bell pepper
- 4 cloves garlic
- 2 green onions
- 1/3 cup chicken broth
- 1 tablespoon oyster sauce
- 2 teaspoons Chinese rice wine, dry sherry or rice wine vinegar
- 1 teaspoon granulated sugar
- 3 tablespoons oil for stir-frying, or as needed
- 1 1/2 teaspoons cornstarch dissolved in 1 tablespoon water, optional
- 2 tablespoons chopped fresh cilantro leaves, as garnish, optional
2. Cut the stem off the red bell pepper and remove the seeds in the middle. Cut in half, and then cut into chunks. Peel and finely chop the garlic. Cut the green onion into 1-inch pieces.
3. In a small bowl, combine the chicken broth, oyster sauce, rice wine or sherry or rice vinegar, and sugar. Set aside.
4. Heat a wok over medium-high to high heat. Add the oil to the heated wok. When the oil is hot, add half the garlic cloves. Stir-fry until the garlic is aromatic and begins to brown. Remove with a slotted spoon and reserve.
5. Add the scallops into the wok, laying them out flat. Stir-fry for about 2 minutes, taking care not to overcook the scallops. Remove from the wok and drain in a colander. Wipe out the pan.
6. Add 1 tablespoon oil to the wok. When the oil is hot, add the remaining garlic and the green onion. Stir-fry for 10 seconds and add the red bell pepper. Stir-fry for 1 minute, moving the vegetables around and splashing with a small amount of chicken broth, rice wine or water if needed.
7. Add the reserved garlic and the sauce into the wok. Bring to a boil and add the scallops. Turn down the heat and simmer the scallops and pepper in the sauce, uncovered, for about 5 minutes. Stir the scallops occasionally. (If planning to use the cornstarch water thickener, prepare it while the scallops are simmering).
8. Give the cornstarch/water mixture a quick re-stir and add it into the middle of the wok, stirring quickly to thicken. Mix with the other ingredients.
9. Garnish the scallops with the chopped cilantro if desired. Serve over rice or with noodles.
Each serving contains: Calories 226, 10 g Carbohydrates, 20 g Protein, 11 g Fat, 37 mg Cholesterol, 1 g Fibre, 279 mg Sodium, 510 mg Potassium. | <urn:uuid:ae49ca29-ba8b-4f1a-b8a7-83d007b4d93e> | 2013-05-21T17:30:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Making Gnocchi with Tomato Sauce
is a way of using up ingredients if you have (for example) followed my recipe for Stuffed Tomatoes
and then used the inside of the tomatoes to make a Fresh Tomato Sauce
, because you can use that sauce with your gnocchi.
If not, don't fear, this recipe includes instructions for making a simple but tasty tomato sauce from canned tomatoes.
How to make Basil Gnocchi with Tomato Sauce:
Begin by making the sauce. Place the chopped tomatoes in a pan, then half fill the can with water and add that to the pan. Peel and finely chop the shallot and the garlic. Stir in the shallot, garlic, rosemary (or thyme) and salt and freshly-ground black pepper. Bring to the boil then turn down the heat and simmer gently for at least
one hour until it has thickened and is coloured dark red.
Meanwhile, to make the gnocchi, be sure to use waxy potatoes (like Charlotte or Maris Peer) if possible. Waxy potatoes are translucent and feel moist and pasty. They are good at staying firm and keeping their shape so they make great salad potatoes. Floury potatoes (like Estima, King Edward, Maris Piper, Desiree) are brighter and more granular in appearance with a drier feel. They're better for dishes where you want fluffy potatoes or for mash.
Peel the potatoes and make Mashed Potatoes
according to the recipe. Important: be sure to mash them well because lumps will be noticeable in the gnocchi, so mash the potatoes thoroughly to as smooth a texture as possible.
Finely chop the basil leaves then sprinkle them over the potatoes. Add plenty of salt and freshly-ground pepper, then add the flour. Using a wooden spoon or your hands, bring the mixture together to make a firm dough.
Using your hands (and knuckles) knead the dough gently for a couple of minutes then, on a flat surface, roll it out into sausage shapes about ½" (1cm) thick. Cut the
gnocchi 'sausages' into 1" (2.5cm) lengths.
Gently cook the gnocchi in a pan of simmering water for between one and two minutes until they rise to the surface, then scoop them out as they rise. Toss into the finished tomato sauce and serve straight away with crisp rocket leaves. | <urn:uuid:91bde4dc-be54-4f02-b890-a54b14d1475e> | 2013-05-21T17:43:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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5 And he had prepared for him a great chamber, where aforetime they laid the meat offerings, the frankincense, and the vessels, and the tithes of the corn, the new wine, and the oil, which was commanded to be given to the Levites, and the singers, and the porters; and the offerings of the priests.
8 And it grieved me sore: therefore I cast forth all the household stuff to Tobiah out of the chamber.
10 And I perceived that the portions of the Levites had not been given them: for the Levites and the singers, that did the work, were fled every one to his field.
11 Then contended I with the rulers, and said, Why is the house of God forsaken? And I gathered them together, and set them in their place.
12 Then brought all Judah the tithe of the corn and the new wine and the oil unto the treasuries.
13 And I made treasurers over the treasuries, Shelemiah the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and of the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah: for they were counted faithful, and their office was to distribute unto their brethren.
15 In those days saw I in Judah some treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals.
19 And it came to pass, that when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the gates should be shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the sabbath: and some of my servants set I at the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day.
22 And I commanded the Levites that they should cleanse themselves, and that they should come and keep the gates, to sanctify the sabbath day. Remember me, O my God, concerning this also, and spare me according to the greatness of thy mercy.
25 And I contended with them, and cursed them, and smote certain of them, and plucked off their hair, and made them swear by God, saying, Ye shall not give your daughters unto their sons, nor take their daughters unto your sons, or for yourselves.
26 Did not Solomon king of Israel sin by these things? yet among many nations was there no king like him, who was beloved of his God, and God made him king over all Israel: nevertheless even him did outlandish women cause to sin.
27 Shall we then hearken unto you to do all this great evil, to transgress against our God in marrying strange wives?
29 Remember them, O my God, because they have defiled the priesthood, and the covenant of the priesthood, and of the Levites.
30 Thus cleansed I them from all strangers, and appointed the wards of the priests and the Levites, every one in his business;
31 And for the wood offering, at times appointed, and for the firstfruits. Remember me, O my God, for good. | <urn:uuid:1e43598c-9740-482c-8506-40b02b691552> | 2013-05-21T17:09:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I think that the main way God used to lead people to himself was to use the people of Israel as an example, to show his glory, power and love through them, so that the surrounding peoples could see and accept that he is the only God.
One thing you could do, as a heathen of that time, was to convert and implant yourself in the state and people of Israel, just like we do today (though we are not referring to the state of Israel per se).
In the Old Testament, there are a number of people that were definitely people of God, although they were not Israelites. Four of them are Melchizedek, Jethro, Rahab and Ruth. Let's examine them, one by one:
Melchizedek was a priest of God and king in the city of Salem. Abra(ha)m was greeted and blessed by Melchizedek when they met. Melchizedek is mentioned in Genesis chapter 14. There is no mentioning of how Melchizedek had heard about God and there are many theories about this.
Jethro is introduced in Exodus 2:16, as a priest in the land of Midian. As far as I know, it is not explicitly stated that he was a priest of God, but in the 18th chapter, we can read that Jethro heard about what God had done for the people of Israel and praised him.
Rahab was a prostitute that lived in the city of Jericho. Before the siege, Joshua sent two spies to the city. For some reason they ended up in Rahab's house and she protected them from their enemies. She believed in God, for she had heard about what God had done for the people of Israel and put her faith in him. She asked the spies to protect her and her family and not let them perish with the rest of the people of Jericho and so they became a part of the Israelites, and Rahab became an ancestor to Jesus, our Savior.
Ruth was married to one of the sons of Naomi, a woman of the Israelites. She is mentioned in the book of Ruth. I think it is fair to assume that she heard about God from her mother- and father-in-law, and her husband. Later, she followed her mother-in-law back to the land of Israel and became a part of the Israelites, and ancestor to Jesus, our Savior, just like Rahab. | <urn:uuid:2d660bc7-2528-41fd-9acc-435693649717> | 2013-05-21T17:37:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Lent is a period of penance in preparation for Triduum (Maundy Thurs. through Easter Sun). The faithful are encouraged to increase their works of mercy and decrease their self-indulgence. It begins on Ash Wednesday, which is 40 days (minus Sundays) before the Triduum.
So called because it invokes the ancient practice of covering oneself in ashes when in morning. Often it is accompanied by, "Thou art dust and to dust thou shalt return." As a side note: the ashes are generally from (at least in part), the palms of the previous Palm Sunday.
Well, "Mardi gras" means "Fat Tuesday" in French, so there's that.
Fats and fatty foods are often given up for Lent (at one point abstaining from all meat was a requirement), but fat will go rancid if it is left out for all of Lent. So, instead of letting it go to waste, it would be used for cooking. Often this would mean that there would be a rich supper immediately before Ash Wednesday.
It is called, "Carnevale" because that, originally, was "Carne vale," which means, roughly, "without meat." I believe the relationship with "Fat Tuesday" would be obvious (for more ways of saying the same thing, look up Shrove Tuesday).
Unfortunately, with the rise of secularism, this tradition became bloated and corrupt, and eventually lead to the depravities which can be seen in New Orleans.
We all know what Easter is... I hope. It is the Teutonic name for an ancient pagan festival, brought to mean the celebration of the resurrection of Christ, apparently because the German speakers were too lazy to use the word pasch, which is what it is called in basically every other language on earth. | <urn:uuid:bc4afcd2-eac6-4ebd-b3bf-ea3b228093ff> | 2013-05-21T17:24:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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You can take my heart,
you can cut me,
I'll bleed but I won't say a word.
or maybe I'll say three.
you can hurt me in every way that you want
you can make my whole world dark and black
You can bring up all the shadows that can ever haunt a person
you can bring all the sorrow I could ever feel.
You can drag me from heaven to hell;
from your heaven to my hell.
I would only say three words.
The ones you whisper to me every night,
and I know you'll keep telling me every day.
I love you. | <urn:uuid:839856ec-eac0-4a1b-8e87-62bf2aa7011d> | 2013-05-21T17:37:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The story at that link does seem primarily a case of domestic violence. However, once she was trapped in the garage, the event became a case of Stand Your Ground, IMO.Again, we see with the NAACP's stance that Stand Your Ground is a-okay if the one standing ground is black.
AOW, I agree that a spouse should protect themselves in a domestic violence case. Quite frankly if a man is beating his wife he deserves whatever he gets. If you read the article though, it almost seems as if this chick might be the aggressor. The hypocrisy is stunning though.
Exactly right always, if the victim is black and the person with the gun is white, they're not for it.
Where would the profit be if race baiters, such as Sharpton and Jackson, stopped making blacks look at life through the prism of racism?
Pardon the bluntness, but if you actually believe all this right wing bull-shit then you all are a bunch of idiots.In the case of Trayvon Martin, a child was murdered for no reason other than he "looked suspicious" because he was black and wearing a hoody. He was unarmed, carrying his cell phone and a bag of skittles, and he was shot without a second thought. Trayvon was not dangerous and he never had a history of violence, but now he is dead because a man went against the police's instructions to "stop following him [Trayvon]". This was NOT self defense. This was a man acting out of fear based on a racist hunch. Marissa Alexander's husband had a long history of abuse. He served time in jail for nearly killing her. She, unlike George Zimmerman, did not even shoot anyone, she merely shot a hole in her ceiling as a warning to her husband, who later confessed that he would have beat her if he had the chance. In this case, the woman was actually defending herself against a dangerous man who was attacking her, and no one was even shot let alone killed. Yet she gets 20 years in jail while George Zimmerman, the man who murdered Trayvon, gets out on bail?If you don't see the injustice of this and the distinct difference in application of the law when the perpetrator is black instead of white, then clearly you have no IDEA what you are talking about and maybe you should read more or think twice before posting comments like the ones above, which frankly are just as racist as the "stand your ground" law has proven to be. Unless of course you actually mean to say that it IS ok to shoot 17-year-old black boys walking home late at night but it is NOT ok for a battered black woman to shoot a hole in the ceiling of her own home from a gun that she has a permit for as a warning to stop her abusive husband from attacking her and endangering the life of her new born baby. If this actually is what you believe then I hope none of you are ever in a position of power, because that level of ignorance does not belong in the 21st century. The NAACP has every right to denounce the stand your ground law if it is used to defend a murderer and to support the same law that, which is still in place, if it can help defend an innocent woman who actually committed self defense. Educate yourselves.
MK and Cube, agreed
Shannon, sigh. I would delete your idiotic comment but you did go through a fair amount of trouble to post it so I will respect that and respond. First of all, there is no indication from the evidence to date that Trayvon was murdered. Most legal experts (outside of the NAACP) have attacked the prosecutor for her charges. The charge was clearly to placate the NAACP and get AG Holder off of her back.A judge would not likely have given him bail if he thought the charge of second degree murder was credible.If you read the article, the prosecutor alleges the woman was the aggressor, hence the charges. Finally, most people that post here are very strong gun rights activists and believe in the right of people to arm and protect themselves. This is not about the woman's right to defend herself, I think most here fully support that right. The post isn't even really about the woman herself, she is effectively immaterial. The post is about the hypocrisy of the NAACP in protesting a "white Hispanic" from defending himself with a firearm while supporting a black woman from doing so.I find it telling in how you view these cases.In the Zimmerman case all evidence presented so far has pointed to self defense, with no significant evidence to contradict it. Yet you call it murder.In the case I posted about, the woman was convicted of aggravated assault by a jury. Yet you call it self defense. Who really is the racist here?
Post a Comment | <urn:uuid:20882ad8-5653-482e-8431-237d4419aeea> | 2013-05-21T17:32:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Last Wednesday, Reds starter Mat Latos -- who will again square off with Lowe on Monday as the Reds look to extend their six-game winning streak -- threw an inside fastball to Lowe in the fifth inning. Baker later admitted to ordering Latos to deliver a brush-back pitch. Lowe immediately pointed his bat toward the Reds' dugout, and the skipper responded by waving his finger, which Lowe incorrectly took as Baker saying he had nothing to do with the inside pitch.
"I'm not denying anything. I didn't order anybody to hit him, but I told [Latos] to buzz him and make him uncomfortable. That's what happened," Baker said. "[Dikembe] Mutombo didn't shake his finger to say 'I had nothing to do with it.' That means don't mess with me, or my team. That's what that means. He better learn sign language."
"I have zero respect for the guy," Lowe said of Baker. "Not that it matters. I imagine he'd say the same about me."
Lowe plunked Reds second baseman Brandon Phillips in the bottom of that same inning. With this game being played in an American League park unlike last week's contest at Great American Ball Park, Lowe won't step up to the plate on Monday, but there will likely be some tension in the ballpark.
"It's whatever he wants to think," Latos said after last Wednesday's victory. "We'll let him play into his ego or whatever it is. It's done and over with. If he wants to whine about it, let him whine about it."
Monday should be a good indication of whether this ongoing feud -- which Lowe said dates back to 2008 -- is truly "done and over with."
Reds: Rolen to likely be reinstated from DL
Veteran third baseman Scott Rolen is expected to be reinstated from the disabled list on Monday and join the Reds in Cleveland. Rolen hasn't played since May 11 because of a strained left shoulder.
Rolen made a pair of rehab starts this past weekend with Triple-A Louisville and went 2-for-6 with a home run. In 29 games before landing on the DL, Rolen was hitting .174 with two homers and 11 RBIs for the Reds.
"Since he didn't get hurt, and we'll find out the conditions of how his legs feel and his back [he should return Monday]," Baker said. "When you haven't played, and you're bending up and down and bending over for nine innings, it's like starting all over again in Spring Training almost. If you're playing your position and playing it properly, you're doing movements you have to condition for a month or six weeks to do."
Assuming Rolen remains healthy, Baker will have a decision to make regarding the role of Rolen's replacement, Todd Frazier. Frazier, who has experience at other positions in both the outfield and infield, is hitting .278 with seven home runs and 22 RBIs in 43 games this season.
Indians: Acta not giving up on Sipp
Indians manager Manny Acta said he won't stop using reliever Tony Sipp, despite the lefty's season-long struggles.
On April 7, Sipp was tagged for four runs while recording just one out in his second appearance this season, and his ERA hasn't dipped below 5.40 since. More recently, he's allowed at least one run in five of his last seven outings, and currently has a 6.95 ERA in 27 appearances.
"Not pitching him is not going to help him," Acta said. "We need to get him right. He's scuffling. The only way to get better is pitching."
Ryan Ludwick is 9-for-21 in his career against Lowe, and his four home runs off the right-hander are the most he's hit against any pitcher.
The all-time head-to-head series between the intrastate rivals is split evenly, 39-39, since Interleague Play started in 1997. | <urn:uuid:9532885a-3f15-4f14-a3e7-70b3bdbedaf6> | 2013-05-21T17:11:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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You can lower your risk of heart attack by making modifications to your lifestyle. If you have already had a heart attack, or have several risk factors for heart disease that put you at high risk, your doctor may recommend certain medications to lower your risk of first or recurrent heart attack.
Smoking can increase the amount of fatty material that collects in your arteries. In addition, nicotine contained in cigarette smoke makes your heart work harder. It narrows blood vessels and subsequently increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Also remember that secondhand smoking is detrimental to your health. Make sure you're not exposed to cigarette smoke. When you quit smoking, your risk of heart disease drops significantly within the first year.
A diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol and rich in whole grains , fruits and vegetables will help lower cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and body weight—three heart attack risk factors. The American Heart Association (AHA) also recommends that you add fish, which contains omega-3 fatty acids , to your diet at least twice per week, and talk to your doctor about whether you should take omega-3 supplements.
If you are interested in eating healthier, your doctor can give you a referral to a registered dietician. She can create a meal plan that is right for you, ensuring that you get all of the nutrients that your body needs.
Follow your doctor’s recommendations for physical activity. After a heart attack, he or she will likely refer you to a cardiac rehabilitation program, which will help you establish a life-long exercise plan and monitor your initial program. Choose exercises that you enjoy and that you will make a regular part of your day. Strive to maintain an exercise program that keeps you fit and at a healthy weight. For most people, this could include walking briskly or participating in another aerobic activity for at least 30 minutes per day.
Follow the dietary and exercise plan recommended by your doctor. Being overweight or obese is associated with a higher risk of heart attack, and losing weight lowers that risk. To lose weight, consume fewer calories than you expend. To maintain a healthy weight, eat an equal number of calories than you expend. One indicator of a healthy weight is body mass index. BMI of 25 and above is associated with high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and increased risk of heart disease.
If your healthcare provider has prescribed medications for your heart condition, take them exactly as directed and report side effects to your healthcare provider. Do not skip pills or stop taking them without consulting your healthcare provider.
Ask your doctor whether taking a daily aspirin is right for you. If you are at high risk of heart attack or have had a heart attack, aspirin may help prevent a future heart attack. Since aspirin therapy is not without risk, be sure to consult a health professional before taking an aspirin a day. If you had an angioplasty your doctor may prescribe other anticlotting drugs, like clopidogrel (Plavix), in addition to aspirin.
If you have had a heart attack, your doctor will consider prescribing certain classes of medication to reduce your risk of another heart attack. Your doctor will take into account your personal health history to determine if there are any reasons you should not take these medications. Beta blockers, which lower your blood pressure and heart rate, are generally prescribed for at least a year after a heart attack. People with high cholesterol will be placed on cholesterol lowering medications, like statins. Also, if you had a heart attack that significantly decreased your heart’s pumping capacity you may be given an ACE inhibitor.
Heavy drinking is associated with increased risk of heart attack. Moderate drinking may lower the risk of heart attack. Moderate drinking is one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men. One drink equals 12 ounces of beer or 4 ounces of wine or 1 ounce of 100-proof spirits. In addition, alcohol may interfere with your medications. Make sure to discuss your alcohol intake with your healthcare provider.
When to Contact Your Doctor
- If you experience any chest pain or discomfort, call 911 for emergency medical assistance
- If you become short of breath
- If you have pain in your arms, back, neck, jaw or stomach
- If you develop new symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, lightheadedness, or dizziness
- If any of the medications ordered cause side effects
- Reviewer: Michael J. Fucci, DO
- Review Date: 09/2012 -
- Update Date: 00/91/2012 - | <urn:uuid:9a464536-d3ff-46de-8808-36928b6b1d02> | 2013-05-21T17:44:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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These children had never seen a white person until I arrived. They were always touching the hair on my head and arms. They liked the silkiness of my hair. Margueritte wanted hair like Naka's, so she put corn silk on her head so her hair would be like mine
The children are L to R: Viviane, Boris, older daughter, Timothee (big smile), Ephram, and Margueritte with "blond hair" | <urn:uuid:ee03569d-ee97-48d8-829b-ccb73f679f1f> | 2013-05-21T17:40:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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How to Set a Good Price for Your Home
In the world of real estate sales, setting the right price for your home is considered to be one of the most important factors in the closing of the deal. How you go about setting the price can either make or break the deal. While setting a genuine price for your home, remember that it should be in accordance with the condition of the house. If the price is not in accordance with the current market rate, you stand to lose a lot of money.
The following factors can influence the value of your home:
. The size and condition of the bedrooms.
. The size of the yard.
. Design and planning of the house.
. Easy accessibility to schools, colleges and malls.
. Availability of transportation.
How to Evaluate the Price of your Home?
When striking a deal with potential buyers, it is important to first evaluate the value of your home. Setting a good price for your home is the key to selling it fast. You should neither overprice nor under-price it, because prospective buyers are usually vary of this and term the home undesirable. Research is very important when it comes to selling your home fast and gaining knowledge of the price structure of the other houses in your neighborhood. Once you confirm the current market rates for houses in your neighborhood, you can second this confirmation by getting an online assessment of your homes worth, especially if you are planning to sell it by yourself. On the other hand, consulting an agent or an established realtor can provide you with a rough value of your home, based on the market price prevalent in the neighborhood, together with the current condition of your home.
What will sell your Home cost you?
It is very important to first calculate the expenses that may be incurred while selling your home. This knowledge is absolutely necessary because it helps you to determine a good price for the house, as well as the potential profit that you can realize. The cost of selling your home includes factors like the commission to be paid to the realtor, property taxes, advertising costs, excise taxes and homeowner association charges.
Get Professional Help when Evaluating the Price of your Home
Professional advice can provide you with an unbiased judgment, when it comes to setting the price for your home. This evaluation is based on a number of factors.
. The present condition of your home.
. The location of your home.
. The need for any repairs or renovation.
. Change in market trend.
. Reason for the urgency in selling the house.
The Hampering effects of over pricing
If the price that you set for your house is too high, the following could result:
. A high price may limit the number of potential buyers, as it will be way out of their purchasing reach.
. Less or no buyers might visit your home.
. Your house may be considered as undesirable or defective because of its prolonged stay in the market.
Thus, understanding the factors behind setting an ideal price for your home is extremely important. It requires wise decision-making capability on the part of the seller.
Source: http://www.articlecircle.com/ – Free Articles Directory
About the Author
Fast Homes Sales are a breeze with http://www.asisnow.com. We will buy your house AsIsNow in any condition including Ugly Homes. If you need to Sell Your Home Fast Orlando Homes, Jacksonville, Atlanta, Cincinnati, Fort Lauderdale, Houston, Tampa and Fort Myers. Call 1-800-AS-IS-NOW(800-274-7669)
Leah A. Henderson does not represent nor recommend any of the authors of these articles. The free articles are posted for informational purposes only.
Leah A. Henderson, Realtor
Certified WOSB, EDWOSB | <urn:uuid:51bd07c3-1cc9-45dc-bdc4-09a78e853c62> | 2013-05-21T17:17:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Robert Raggio quit his $97,000-per-year government job
as a financial manager for the Iraq reconstruction effort in September
2005. He said in his resignation form that he wanted to "pursue
That same day, Raggio's newly formed company, Reviewer Management
International (RMI), received a U.S. contract to audit $7.3billion in
Iraqi reconstruction spending, according to Army documents obtained by
USA TODAY under the Freedom of Information Act.
The $1.5 million contract was designed to help investigators fight
fraud in Iraq. Now, Raggio is under investigation.
Before he quit his government position, Raggio wrote the requirements
for the federal contract at the same time he negotiated to obtain it
for RMI, according to the documents. The Army's Suspension and
Debarment Office suspended Raggio and his consulting firm from getting
new government contracts in August amid an ongoing investigation into
whether he violated conflict of interest laws.
The laws, which bar government officials from benefiting from their
official actions, carry penalties of up to five years in prison. Civil
penalties can include fines equal to the amount of the contract, Army
The suspension and the investigation have not been made public
Army contracting officials began looking into the case after the
government's Iraq reconstruction watchdog, Stuart Bowen, passed along
an anonymous complaint his office received about Raggio, documents
Raggio did not respond to repeated telephone messages left at the
phone number he listed as RMI's office, which public records show is
his brother's home in suburban New York.
RMI was hired to create a database to track the $7.3 billion in Iraqi
government money U.S. officials doled out -- much of it in $100 bills
shipped to the country on pallets -- after the 2003 invasion. Federal
auditors had uncovered a bribery scheme involving more than
$8.6million from the Development Fund for Iraq and wanted to determine
whether there was more corruption.
The Army failed to properly oversee Raggio's contract and after nearly
a year of work he delivered a database that was incomplete, unreliable
and nearly unusable, according to a January report from Bowen, the
Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction. The database
couldn't meet one of its primary goals: allowing investigators to
connect payments to the U.S. officials who made them, Bowen's report
RMI told investigators its database included more than 300,000
entries; Bowen's report described it as "only a collection of
records that were not audited or effectively connected to one
Army contracting officials didn't monitor the contract or ensure RMI
filed required status reports every two months, Bowen's report said.
The report faulted the contract's initial requirements, which the Army
documents reveal Raggio wrote.
Raggio had incorporated RMI on Aug. 5, 2005 -- the day after the Joint
Contracting Command-Iraq in Baghdad solicited proposals for auditing
the Development Fund for Iraq. At the time, Raggio was the financial
manager of the Accelerated Iraq Reconstruction Program, one of the
fund's main components, the Army documents say.
RMI was given the contract after the government's aborted attempt to
seek competitive bids, Air Force Lt. Col. Joe Mazur of the Joint
Contracting Command-Iraq said in an interview in April.
Mazur said an unsigned memo in the contract file showed the
competitive bidding process for the contract was canceled because the
process had been "compromised," meaning one or more of the
bidders had inside information about the contract. Mazur said another
unsigned document indicated RMI got the contract because it was the
only company able to do the work in time to meet a deadline at the end
of 2005, which was later extended to the end of 2006.
This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. | <urn:uuid:9d3ea55a-d85f-4b54-a15d-3088c1e10eea> | 2013-05-21T17:45:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Turning Scientists Into Cops
I once knew a scientist who was made into a cop
"I didn't want to do it, but this nonsense must be stopped"
And so he wore a helmet and began his thankless job
Pulling over theories that were put forth by the mobs
"I'd rather be pursuing knowledge in the class
Than wasting all my time on such quantities of gas"
But off he drove across the land, looking for the frauds
Who were also driving off to school and academic quads
And so it came to pass he pulled over an offender
Who drove his points most sloppily and had dings along his fender
"Do you have a license to drive the way you do?
Do you put hands upon the wheel when you practice your voodoo?"
The offender merely smiled and pulled out for all to see
A crumpled wad of paper that he said was his ID
Upon the paper aught was written, as blank as cloudless sky
"What is this?" asked the scientist: "It's my proof" was the reply
"So you have a theory that is nothing but a thought
An unseen hand manipulates and that's all the proof you've got
But now you want to introduce this idea into schools
Do you think that science is a medium for fallacies and fools?"
"Now see here, Officer Scientist, I have much more than that
I have the Human Eye which was divinely spat
And there's the proof that what I say must be taught in schools
That everything that can't be measured must be really cool
What's the harm in making teachers assert that tribal myths
Pass the muster when it comes to explaining kin and kiths?
We all came here from a factory of Intelligent Design
The proof is in the pudding and the pudding is Divine"
Jack Benny was quite famous for the turning of his head
To show during a pause or two the mirth that lay in dread
Here the scientist could have used a class from Jack
On when to be most serious, and when to make wise-cracks
For though it's true that Science can measure what it sees
It cannot measure nothingness in meters or degrees
To ask it to pretend to see that which will not appear
Is to make it a religion and that would be most queer
But the scientist just shook his head and gave back the blank ID
And said goodbye to nuttiness that wanders free in our country
"I've really got to get out more," Officer Scientist muttered to himself
"In the store of life there's some crazy shit upon the shelves"
A scientist cannot prove that which is beyond our mortal senses
And does not ask good folks in church to peek into its lenses
God and evolution are not diametrically opposed
Unless someone knows something that never has been shown | <urn:uuid:3e7d4c15-1619-492b-80a1-99d9ef24f1ef> | 2013-05-21T17:10:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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In the east, meanwhile, three U.S. service members were killed in a bomb attack, according to NATO and a U.S. official. The official confirmed the nationalities on condition of anonymity because the information had not yet been publicly released. Further details were not immediately available.
In the insider attack in southern Kandahar province, an Afghan soldier opened fire with a machine gun from atop a building, killing a U.S. soldier and an Afghan interpreter and wounding three other coalition service members before he was gunned down, a senior U.S. defense official said. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to release details.
The U.S. military officially confirmed only that a man wearing an Afghan army uniform turned his gun on coalition service members late Wednesday, killing one. The incident was under investigation, the military said.
Since the beginning of the year, there have been at least 16 such attacks against American and other international troops. The U.S.-led coalition is trying to mentor and strengthen Afghan security forces so they can lead the fight against the Taliban, and foreign troops can go home by the end of 2014. That mission, however, requires a measure of trust that has been repeatedly undermined by the deaths of coalition troops at the hands of their Afghan partners.
In one of the highest-profile attacks, a man working as a driver at the Afghan Interior Ministry shot dead two U.S. military advisers at close range in March. That incident alone led the U.S. military to temporarily pull all its advisers out of Afghan ministries.
U.S.-Afghan ties have also been under strain following Quran burnings at a U.S. base and the killing spree allegedly by an American soldier in the south in recent months. Relations appeared to be shifting back on track, with Washington and Kabul agreeing to a long-awaited deal earlier this week on a strategic pact to govern the U.S. presence in Afghanistan till 2024.
The U.S. military chooses its language carefully in describing insider shootings because of the possibility that assailants may be insurgents disguised in Afghan army uniforms and not actual members of the Afghan security forces. Such uniforms are easily available in markets in Afghanistan, and the Taliban have used them to mount previous attacks on international or Afghan military installations.
Since 2007, more than 80 NATO service members have been killed by Afghan security forces, according to an Associated Press tally, which is based on Pentagon figures released in February. More than 75 percent of the attacks have occurred in the past two years.
Also Thursday, three Afghan women were killed in the crossfire of a battle in the east. A mortar fired during the fighting in Wardak province hit a house, killing the women inside, said Shahidullah Shahid, a spokesman for the provincial governor
The battle began when Taliban fighters ambushed a NATO convoy, Shahid said. Both sides used heavy weapons, but it was not immediately clear who fired the mortar, he said.
NATO forces spokesman Capt. Justin Brockhoff said reports indicate it was a joint Afghan and international patrol that came under fire. He said they were looking into reports that “civilian casualties may have been caused by the engagement.”
Last year was the deadliest on record for civilians in the Afghan war, with 3,021 killed, according to the United Nations. Taliban-affiliated militants were responsible for more than three-quarters of those deaths. | <urn:uuid:db7d75a3-b003-49bb-9f2f-3535c2e82d90> | 2013-05-21T17:18:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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RMS TITANIC – Third Class or Steerage Passengers aboard the ill-fated liner.
Last photo taken of the RMS Titanic – Sailing away from Queenstown, Ireland.
The majority of the 700-plus steerage passengers on the RMS Titanic were emigrants. Only 25 percent of the Titanic’s third-class passengers survived, and of that 25 percent, only a fraction were men. By contrast, about 97 percent of first-class women survived the sinking of the Titanic.
Newspapers sensationalized the Titanic sinking with fabricated stories…
The term steerage originally referred to the part of the ship below-decks where the steering apparatus was located. However, over time, the term came to refer to the part of a passenger ship below-decks where third-class passengers were housed.
Third Class Ticket – RMS Titanic
On the Titanic, third-class passengers shared common bathrooms, ate in dining facilities with other third-class passengers, and slept in cabins four to a room.
By the standards of the day, the accommodations on the Titanic for third-class passengers were excellent. In fact, the Titanic provided nicer living conditions than many of the steerage passengers were accustomed to at home. It was said that the Titanic’s third-class accommodations resembled other steamships’ second-class accommodations:
• Third-class cabins on the Titanic had running water and electricity.
• Steerage passengers were provided with meals, which were a wonderful perk; most steamships that carried steerage passengers at the time required them to bring their own food.
• Passengers could clean up in their cabins in a washbasin. However, only two bathtubs served all 700-plus third-class men and women.
• Bunk beds in third class had mattresses, pillows, and blankets, but no sheets or pillowcases.
This fact wasn’t a problem because most third-class passengers, who were leaving their native lands forever to start over in America, had all their belongings with them, including their sheets and pillowcases. For these passengers, anything that the ship provided was a bonus that made the voyage more pleasant.
Titanic’s third-class dining room…
Third-class passengers ate three meals a day in two common dining rooms called the dining saloons. These rooms were located on F Deck between the second and third funnels, exactly two decks below the first-class dining room.
Third-class passengers did not get individual tables; they ate on rows of tables lined up next to each other. Combined, the two third-class dining saloons could hold only around 475 people, so diners were served in two seatings.
Titanic’s third-class entertainment options
(General Room Left) The Titanic provided the General Room, where steerage passengers could sit, read, play cards, and otherwise pass the time. Steerage passengers weren’t allowed into the areas of the ship boasting other entertainments, like the gymnasium or the pool, but they could have their own parties and dances.
The party scene in James Cameron’s 1997 movie Titanic offers a perfect example of the spontaneous gatherings in third class, complete with fiddle players and plenty of beer.
Interestingly, all the sitting surfaces in the General Room were made of wood. (Lice can’t find a home on slatted benches the way they can in fabric and upholstered surfaces.) Third-class men also had access to a smoking room complete with spittoons.
The RMS Titanic was build in Belfast as the second in a trio of sister-ships for the White Star Line, to operate the lucrative transatlantic run between Southampton and New York (via Cherbourg in France and Queenstown in Ireland). The RMS Titanic was the largest ship in the world at the time, eclipsing her 1-year-old sister ship RMS Olympic by just over 1,000-tons. (The cause of the weight gain between the two sisters had been extending one of the 1st class restaurants, enclosing the front half of the A-Deck Promenade, adding two larger suites with their own private verandas in 1st class on B-Deck, adding a Parisian café for 1st class passengers and making various adjustments to the 1st class bathrooms, such as installing extra marble baths and cigar holders next to the sinks.) Had she remained afloat, however, the Titanic would only have held the honor until May 1913, when a 52,000-ton German liner, SS Imperator, was launched into service for the Hamburg-Amerika Line.
Third Class Passengers on Deck – They provided strong revenue for the White Star Liner…
Although White Star realized that enormous sums of money could be made from providing the most luxurious 1st class accommodation onboard its flagships, as with all the transatlantic companies, a huge percentage of their profits would came from the booming immigrant trade between Europe and America, with most of the immigrants traveling in 3rd class – sometimes known as “Steerage.” Europe was already over-populated by 1912, particularly in its cities, and it was a place that had not altered much since the Congress of Vienna. To many it seemed that to triumph and become a man of enormous wealth when one was not born into it was the exception in Belle Époque Europe, not the rule. But America, on the other hand, was a vast continent, under-populated, new in comparison to the “Old Countries” and brimming with opportunities – either real or imagined. So, like the Olympic, the Titanic was designed to capitalize on the surge in transatlantic migration with room for 1,134 3rd-class passengers.
Unlike the slightly melodramatic view of impoverished but inexplicably cheery 3rd class passengers offered in James Cameron’s Titanic, the Olympic and Titanic’s steerage accommodation was both of a higher standard and therefore a higher cost than most other 3rd class cabins on smaller ships or upon White Star’s German rivals. (The cheapest 3rd class ticket cost as much as 3-4 weeks’ wages for a skilled labourer.) The result was that the White Star Line’s 3rd class clientele was usually upper working-class or lower middle class. A typical passenger would have been the likes of Frank Dean, who had purchased 3rd class tickets for himself, his wife and their two young children, when he decided to emigrate to join relatives in Kansas, where he could open a tobacco shop, much like he had in London.
The theory behind providing higher levels of comfort for its 3rd class passengers was, predictably, a commercial one for the White Star Line. Whilst many shipping companies showed no real interest in making provision for genuine comfort for its steerage passengers, since they were emigrating and were therefore unlikely to be “return” customers, White Star Line knew that many immigrants were later joined by their family and friends from the homeland and so by making sure their journey to the United States was as enjoyable as possible, White Star Line hoped they would recommend travelling on the Olympic or Titanic to their acquaintances, thus increasing the company’s future profits.
Captain Smith with officers aboard the RMS Titanic…
Third class passengers onboard the Titanic had access to a smoking room (male only), two dining rooms (above, divided in two by one of the ship’s bulkheads) and a general room, which functioned as a cross between a lounge and a nursery, although in the evening it became the recreational area. (It is there in the movie Titanic that Jack and Rose dance at the céilidh – although in reality, 1st class passengers were no more allowed to wander down to 3rd class than 3rd class were free to walk about 1st class.)
Cabins in 3rd class consisted of bunk beds for between 4 and 6 people, with a sink at the far end of the room and some small wardrobe space. An excellent reconstruction is pictured left from the Titanic Museum in Branson, Missouri. Private toilets in the ship’s cabins were unheard of and not even available in 2nd class and so large, clean, public toilets similar to what we might find in restaurants were provided, along with showers and baths. Food onboard the ship was simple but plentiful. The dinner served to 3rd class passengers on Sunday April 14th, destined to be the ship’s last day afloat, consisted of rice soup, fresh bread, biscuits, and roast beef with gravy, sweet corn, and boiled potatoes, followed by plum pudding, sweet sauce and fruit.
At the time of her maiden voyage, which began on Wednesday, April 10th 1912 in Southampton and after a collection of Irish passengers on the following day, the Titanic set out for New York with 708 3rd class passengers. Three days later, twenty minutes before midnight, the ship was involved in a side-on collision with an iceberg, which opened 300ft of the 882ft liner to the sea beneath the waterline. Two hours and forty minutes later, the ship disappeared beneath the waves with the loss of approximately 1,500 lives. As everybody knows, the percentage of 3rd class passengers saved, compared to those in 1st and 2nd class was appalling – of the 462 men in steerage, 75 survived; 76 of the 165 women escaped, along with only 27 of the 76 children.
The enormously high percentage of 3rd-class casualties led to the myth that they had been deliberately detained below deck until 1st- and 2nd-class passengers were boarded into the lifeboats. A version of events which was most memorably dramatized in movies like A Night to Remember and Titanic – A Night to Remember did, however, show that the passengers were eventually allowed up on deck, once the crew realized the ship was actually sinking, rather than just going through a temporary evacuation.
It is true that, at night, many gates in the ship were locked and that tragically this impeded the movements of some 3rd class passengers in trying to reach the Boat Deck. However, the real reason for the high percentage of 3rd class casualties was a lot less sinister, but nonetheless tragic: the 3rd class quarters were the cheapest onboard and, as such, they were located in the bottom section of the ship. As I have said, for some time after the collision, many members of the Titanic’s crew were unaware exactly what had happened – even some of the officers did not seem to know that the ship had suffered a fatal blow and it was not until an hour or maybe even an hour and a half after the collision that a list in the ship became truly noticeable. It therefore not only took the 3rd class passengers far longer to reach the lifeboats than the other passengers because of where their accommodation was, but they were also hampered by the fact that many of their stewards and stewardesses failed to impress upon them the gravity of the situation the Titanic was in.
Investigating the claim that it had been malice rather than incompetence which led to so many deaths in 3rd class, the British Enquiry into the disaster, chaired by Lord Mersey, concluded:
“It has been suggested before the Enquiry that the third-class passengers had been unfairly treated; that their access to the boat deck had been impeded; and that when at last they reached that deck the first and second-class passengers were given precedence in getting places in the boats. There appears to have been no truth in these suggestions. It is no doubt true that the proportion of third-class passengers saved falls far short of the proportion of the first and second class, but this is accounted for by the greater reluctance of the third-class passengers to leave the ship, by their unwillingness to part with their baggage, by the difficulty in getting them up from their quarters, which were at the extreme ends of the ship, and by other similar causes.”
When news of the Titanic disaster broke in Belfast, I can vividly remember my great-grandfather telling me when I was younger that in the Protestant working-class areas of the city, he could see grown men who worked in the Harland & Wolff shipyards, standing in the street crying at the loss of the “Great Ship.” He could still remember the song they sang to commemorate the loss and, at the distance of eighty years, the pride he took in his family having worked on the Titanic and her sisters was palpable.
The Titanic’s sister ship, Olympic, continued in service for the White Star Line for the next twenty years, continuing to turn great profits and eventually being joined in the 1920s by two new running mates for the transatlantic run – the 56,000-ton Majestic and the 34,000-ton Homeric. On most of her sailings between 1911 and 1934, when the Great Depression began to strangle the luxury liner trade, the Olympic regularly sailed with most of the cabins – in all three of her classes – booked. | <urn:uuid:89e8ee5a-6a8b-4e33-9ec9-8e4ae5fa5dee> | 2013-05-21T17:24:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Like in title: which one of these encryption methods (ZipCrypto, AES-256) is more secure and why? I am asking about it because I'd like to know which should be preferred when compressing files with Zip.
According to 7-Zip,
So really there is some balance to be played with. Do you require better security at the sacrifice of compatibility or more compatibility at the sacrifice of security?
According to the Info-Zip FAQ, it sounds like ZipCrypto is pretty weak. Keep that in mind when making your decision. | <urn:uuid:4c495f66-2254-4d77-9f68-1942c93b925f> | 2013-05-21T17:36:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Up to [cvs.NetBSD.org] / src / sys / arch / i386 / i386
Request diff between arbitrary revisions
Default branch: MAIN
Current tag: netbsd-3-0-RC1
Revision 1.33 / (download) - annotate - [select for diffs], Mon Mar 14 21:50:59 2005 UTC (8 years, 2 months ago) by fvdl
CVS Tags: yamt-km-base4, yamt-km-base3, netbsd-3-base, netbsd-3-1-RELEASE, netbsd-3-1-RC4, netbsd-3-1-RC3, netbsd-3-1-RC2, netbsd-3-1-RC1, netbsd-3-1-1-RELEASE, netbsd-3-1, netbsd-3-0-RELEASE, netbsd-3-0-RC6, netbsd-3-0-RC5, netbsd-3-0-RC4, netbsd-3-0-RC3, netbsd-3-0-RC2, netbsd-3-0-RC1, netbsd-3-0-3-RELEASE, netbsd-3-0-2-RELEASE, netbsd-3-0-1-RELEASE, netbsd-3-0, netbsd-3
Changes since 1.32: +3 -1 lines
Diff to previous 1.32 (colored)
Check the passed in address as well as determining the maximum length using VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS in copyinstr and copyoutstr. Problem originally fixed in OpenBSD/i386. This fix suggested by Charles Hannum (mycroft at netbsd dot org).
This form allows you to request diff's between any two revisions of a file. You may select a symbolic revision name using the selection box or you may type in a numeric name using the type-in text box. | <urn:uuid:8f08739a-c41b-4250-8fc3-45647e252ba8> | 2013-05-21T17:09:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Safety Office 1-575-646-3327 (V) Disclose, Don't Presuppose
Personal safety is primarily your responsibility, although others can help. Faculty and staff will help you with safe evacuation in an emergency. Though you are not required to disclose that you have a disability that makes evacuation difficult, you are encouraged to do so for your safety. Presupposing that people know what your needs may be in an emergency can be hazardous. Faculty and staff you have contact with have a need to know this information for your safety's sake and will not arbitrarily disclose it to anyone other than their supervisor on a need-to-know basis. To be able to react better in an emergency, take the following steps now:
Identify yourself to your instructors/supervisors.
Familiarize yourself with the location of areas of refuge and exit routes in building(s) that you frequent.
Identify the primary instructors/supervisors in the buildings you use.
Present your class, study, or work schedule to the instructor/supervisor at the beginning of each term.
Initiate a "buddy" system with a classmate or work mate to assist in case on an emergency.
Practice evacuation with your "buddy," instructor, supervisor, class- mate, or work mate. Be sure to explain your needs, where you will go, and what you will do in an emergency.
Know the safest method people can use to assist you and how many people and/or what equipment they need to provide that assistance. * Carry written emergency and evacuation infor mation if you have communication difficulties.
Carry a loud whistle, horn, or similar device to alert people of your location if you become trapped. Familiarize the instructors, supervisors, buddies, work-mates, and classmates with the sound.
Review your emergency evacuation plan/route, and report any new obstructions.
Under no circumstances should elevators be used to evacuate, unless assisted by the fire department. In an emergency proceed to the stairwell and wait on the landing until evacuated by the Fire Department.
It is advisable to have your buddy with you. Exit stairwells are fire rated and provide a safe area of refuge. Therefore, persons waiting in the stairwell will be quite safe until evacuated. However, if you are unable to evacuate a building via the stairwell and no immediate or apparent danger exists, wait adjacent to the stairwell until the main flow of people has passed. if you are unable to evacuate a building via the stairwell, make your pre- sence known to an instructor, staff member or supervisor in the area. if no personnel are in the area, go to an area of refuge.
If you are on campus, locate the nearest phone and call 911. Do not leave the telephone or that area unless it is not a place of refuge. Your location will be identified by the telephone you use. if no telephone is available, ask someone who is evacuating to call 911 and inform emergency evacuation teams of your location.
Evacuation procedures referred to on this site are intended for anyone with a permanent or temporary disability that makes evacuating a building via the stairwell difficult or impossible.
If you are such an individual, please contact any of the following offices as soon as you arrive at Doña Ana Community College, New Mexico State University: Safety 646-3327 (V) SSD 527-7548 (V) or 527-7647 (TTY) Employee Benefits 646-1722 (V) 646-1741 (TTY) | <urn:uuid:83689785-2d63-4d7c-91a3-badc74cc26be> | 2013-05-21T17:23:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Only 17 when the Nazis invaded his native Holland, Loet Velmans and his family escaped to London in 1940. From there they settled in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), where Velmans was drafted into the Dutch army just before the Japanese captured the archipelago. For three and a half years he toiled in slave-labor camps building the railway made famous by The Bridge on the River Kwai, surviving malaria, dysentery, malnutrition, and unspeakable abuses that killed some 200,000 of his fellow laborers. Velmans returned to that place six decades later—an emotional pilgrimage that inspired this concise and frank account of his experiences and his later encounters with the Japanese in his business career.
"I was moved and fascinated by this well-remembered and impeccably written memoir."—Simon Winchester
"What makes Long Way Back to the River Kwai stand out in the endless stream of war reminiscences is an attempt to come to terms with the Japanese.... This candid, understated book is a useful contribution to our understanding of an essential truth."—Washington Post | <urn:uuid:a9dcf5f3-de33-4c66-ba96-74624ce57dee> | 2013-05-21T17:17:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Đề thi thử ĐH môn Tiếng Anh 2011 – P12
Question 1:Fill only one word in each of the numbered blanks in the reading passage.
It had been a tiring day and I was looking..1..to a quiet evening .My husband would not be back..2..late and I had decided to settle down..3..a comfortable armchair in the living-room and..4..a book. I put the children to bed early and prepared a cold supper and some coffee. Soon I was sitting comfortably with a tray full of food before me and a book at my side.
I was just beginning to eat..5..the telephone rang. I dropped my knife and fork and hurried to answer..6.. By the time I got back to the living room, my coffee had got cold. After I finished my supper, I began..7..with my book open at page one. Suddenly there was a loud..8..at the door. It gave me..9..a surprise that I spilt the coffee and made an ugly..10..on my skirt. Some stranger had lost his..11..and wanted me to direct him. It took me ages to get rid..12..him.At length I managed to sit down again and actually read a whole page without further interruption until the baby woke..13..He began..14..loudly and rushed upstairs. The baby was still..15..at 11 o’clock when my husband came home. I could have screamed when he asked me if I had spent a pleasant evening.
Question 2:Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete these sentences.
1,The Belgian football player, Van Moer, is…….the question of retirement.
a-deciding b-thinking c-contributing d-considering
2,Keeping the ball out of the net is the……responsibility of the goal-keeper.
a-own b-sole c-unique d-individual
3,For this recipe to be successful, you…….cook the meal for at least two hours in the moderate oven.
a-need b-must c-ought d-will
4,She wondered……her father looked like now, after so many years away.
a-how b-whose c-that d-what
5,…….of the committee, I’d like to thank you for your generous donation.
a-According b-On behalf c-Together d-In addition
6,Several items of……were found on the river bank.
a-clothes b-dress c-costume d-clothing
7,The meeting had to be put……until a late date.
a-away b-on c-off d-up
8,The usual reason for exemption from tax does not……in this case.
a-apply b-impose c-regard d-concern
9,The world Bank has criticised Britain for not giving enough financial……to developing countries.
a-allowance b-aid c-loan d-provision
10,The government made serious attempts to raise the……of living.
a-standard b-cost c-level d-mode
Question3:Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown.
1,It was two years ago at the end of this week that I started working here. / At the end…………………
2,”Try going to bed earlier”, the doctor said to Mrs White. / The doctor suggested…………………………
3,You should have an early night, so that you don’t feel tired. / So as………………………………………
4,The weather forecast was inaccurate, so we didn’t take the right precautions.
Had the weather…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5,I went to the zoo last year and that is where I saw a real tiger for the first time. / Before I………………
6,Fischer will require bottlers to use water that Fischer specifies. / Bottlers………………………………
7,The dress was so tempting that I bought it. / I couldn’t resist the…………………………………………
8,The passengers don’t realize how lucky they have been. / Little…………………………………………
9,Most people can understand him when he speaks English. / He can make………………………………
10,We arrived too late to see the first film. / We didn’t…………………………………………………………
Question 4:Supply the correct form of the verbs, using one of the verbs below to fill in each gap.
fall, hurt , celebrate , find , laugh , cannot , spend , take , lose , leave , need , save
Gary Smith yesterday..1..his 18th birthday, but he’s lucky to be alive. In March this year, he was climbing Ben Nevis, Britain’s highest mountain, when he..2..his way and..3..three days in sub-zero temperatures.
“My friends..4..at me for having so much survival equipments, but it..5..my life.”. On the first night, the weather was so bad that it store his new mountain tent to pieces, so he moved into a Youth Hostel for the night.He..6..the hostel at 10.00 the next morning, but he was soon in trouble. “I..7..off a rock and..8.. my knees. I..9..move.”
Mountain rescue teams went out to look for Gary,and..10..him at 1.00 in the morning. A helicopter
..11..to hospital, where he..12..several operations. “Next time I’ll go with my friends,not on my own !” he joked.
Question 5:Fill one preposition in each numbered blank to finish the reading passage below.
Some hundred years ago there was not equality..11..men and women because people then considered women to be the weaker sex. This prejudice..2..women had its origin..3..the dawn of mankind’s history when men lived in caves and went hunting..4..food.The task of food gathering and hunting needed great strength of body. Therefore, the best place for women was not..5..the forest, but at home where they could satisfactorily do their job, namely feeding their children and looking..6..them.
Things have changed much..7..those early days. In the modern life of the twentieth century, more brains are needed, not more strength of the muscle. ..8..a consequence, women play an important role ..9..the modern society. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior..10..men in almost every field.
Question 6:Supply the correct form of the word in brackets.
1,I enjoy taking…….bicycle trips to the countryside when I have a day off. (leisure)
2,Many foreigners love the peaceful…….of Vietnamese countryside. (beautiful)
3,The new year…….has been considered a great holiday in our country.(celebrate)
4,May Day……the spirit of the working class all over the world. (symbol )
5,The children laughed…….at the funny clowns in……trousers. (heart / bag)
6,We had a marvellous holiday and our trip to the mountains was…….( forget)
7,She was very angry but later she apologized for her……..(patient)
8,To win the gold medal you have to beat all the other……..( compete )
9,The main weakness of the book was the……..ending.(predict )
10,Some parents worry about their children’s…….to computer games.(addict )
Question 7:Turn these sentences into passive.
1,Tom was writing two poems. 2,The car knocked a woman down in the street.
3,He isn’t going to buy that house. 4,They will have to pull down that building.
5,He has caught a lion and shot two others. 6,How many books do you give me ?
7,The police haven’t found the murderer yet. 8,Why did people think Halloween was important ?
9,We made her head of the class. 10,I advise my sister to put her money box under the carpet.
Question 8:Change this sentences into indirect speech.
1,Father said: ”The taxi is coming now. Is everyone ready ?”
2,The passenger said to the taxi-driver : “Hurry up. I must be at the station on time. “
3,She asked her boyfriend, “Is it true that your father fought in the last war.”
4,I asked the children: “Who took away the magazines from my desk ? “
5,Henry said to the librarian, “How many books can I borrow at a time ? “
Question 9:Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the reading passage below.
In the..1..days of the cinema, before sound was introduced, silent films were..2..by a pianist, or even a small orchestra playing in the cinema itself. One reason..3..this was to cover up the noise of the projector. However, a more important role was to provide..4..for what was going on in the film,and..5..the audience through the story. Different kinds of music were..6..with different situations,..7..as fights, chases, romantic scenes and so on. Music was..8..used to identify the geographical location or historical setting of the story.In..9..,individual characters often had their own tune, which could also..10..what sort of person they were.
Question10: Find the word which has the main stress syllable different from the others in each group.
1-forward 2-until 3-in 4-read 5-when 6-it 7-reading 8-knock 9-sush 10-stain (stain: vết bẩn ) 11-way 12-of 13- up 14-crying 15-awake
Question 2: (VB T 21 ) 1-d 2-b 3-b 4-d 5-b 6-d 7-c 8-a 9-b 10-a
sole: duy nhất recipe [‘resəpi] công thức làm món ăn
moderate: [‘mɔdərit] vừa phải donation: vËt tÆng generous: thịnh soạn, hào phóng
costume : [‘kɔstju:m] quần áo, trang phục exemption [ig’zemp∫n] sù gi¶m (thuÕ)
impose đánh thuế ai / cái gì mode: cách thức, phương thức
1,At the end of this week, I shall have been working here for two years.
2,The doctor suggested that Mrs White should try going to bed early.
3,So as not to feel tired, you should have an early night.
4,Had the weather forecast been accurate, we might have taken the right precautions. [pri'kɔ:∫n] phòng ngừa
5,Before I went to the zoo last year, I had never seen a real tiger.
6,Bottlers will be required to use water specified by Fischer
7,I couldn’t resist the temptation to buy the dress. Resist the temptation: Chống lại sự cám dỗ
8,Little do the passengers realize how lucky they have been.
9,He can make most people understand him when he speaks English.
10,We didn’t arrive in time / early enough to see the first film.
Question 4 (headway preinter)
1-celebrated 2-lost 3-spent 4-laughed 5-saved 6-left 7-fell 8-hurt 9-couldn’t 10-found 11-took 12-needed
1-between 2-against 3-from 4-for 5-in 6-after 7-since 8-As 9-in 10-to Prejudice [‘predʒudis] thành kiến
1-leisurely 2-beauty 3-celebration 4-symbolises 5-heartily / baggy
6-unforgettable 7-impatience 8-competitors 9-predictable 10-addiction
addict : người nghiện, người đam mê cái gì
1,Two poems were being written by Tom. 2-A woman was knocked down in the street.
3,That house isn’t going to be bought. 4-That building will have to be pulled down.
5,A lion has been caught and two others have been shot. 6,How many books are given to me ?
7,The murderer hasn’t been found yet. 8-Why was Halloween thought to be important ?
9,She was made head of the class. 10 advise my sister that her box money should be put under the carpet.
Halloween: ngày lễ 31-10.
1,Father said that taxi was coming and asked if everyone was ready.
2,The passenger told the taxi-driver to hurry up and added that he had to be at the station on time.
3,She asked her boyfriend if it was true that his father had fought in the last war.
4,I asked the children who had taken away the magazines from my desk.
5,Henry asked the librarian how many books he could borrow at the time.
Question 9: (Nguyen Bao Trang TII )
Tune: [ tju:n]sự hoà âm, đúng giai điệu a’ccompany đi cùng với ai, đệm nhạc cho ai, cái gì
Associate kÕt hîp víi, liªn tëng (ý nghÜ )
1-a 2-d 3-c 4-a 5-b 6-c 7-c 8-b 9-b 10-d
Question 10 : (Nguyen Bao Trang TII )
1-a 2-d 3-b 4-a 5-a
Chúc các bạn vượt qua kỳ thi đại học sắp tới.
Kết bạn với Tuyensinh247 trên Facebook để xem thông tin mới nhất! | <urn:uuid:676bdf8a-0996-462f-b909-372e67003cb6> | 2013-05-21T17:16:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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As far as I understand, Galera does not support table locking, but what information can be retrieved about the last query?
LOCK/UNLOCK TABLES cannot be supported in master-master replication. Lock functions (GET_LOCK(), RELEASE_LOCK(),…) are not supported.
LAST_INSERT_ID()? At some point I read, that the nodes use different auto increment values, but it said nothing whether the last insert id will be returned.
And a related question: In PHP I use the
mysql_info function to retrieve the "rows matched" on
UPDATE. Is this information expected to be availible in a Galera cluster? | <urn:uuid:a5813494-8132-4fa3-9985-92c2c038f779> | 2013-05-21T17:25:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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[Moderator's Note: For quick and easy access...]
The CommanderBond.net Forums have two skin background color schemes. The default background scheme: 'CBn_[Year]' and a lighter backround scheme: 'CBn_[Year] Light'.
To choose between these two background schemes, go to the CBn Forum Main Page and scroll to the bottom. On the lower right is a box that will either say 'CBn_[Year]' or 'CBn_[Year] Light' which is where you can choose the color scheme you prefer.
Is it possible to change the overall colour scheme so the background is not black? I find that very hard to read. | <urn:uuid:678b13f3-2e6c-41e2-a5b1-f73c657159c1> | 2013-05-21T17:43:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- Site Counter: 1,750,820
Notification of rules for Certifying Authorities
THE GAZETTE OF INDIA
Part II- Section 3, Sub-Section (i)
Government of India
Ministry of Information Technology
New Delhi, the 17th October, 2000
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 87 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (21 of 2000), the Central Government hereby makes the following rules regulating the application and other guidelines for Certifying Authorities, namely:-
1. Short title and commencement.-
- These Rules may be called Information Technology (Certifying Authorities) Rules, 2000.
- They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.
In these Rules, unless the context otherwise requires -
- "Act" means the Information Technology Act, 2000 (21 of 2000); means Certifying Authority applicant.
- auditor" means any internationally accredited computer security professional or agency appointed by the Certifying Authority and recognized by the Controller for conducting technical audit of operation of Certifying Authority.
- "Controller" means Controller of Certifying Authorities appointed under sub-section (1) of Section 17 of the Act.
- "Digital Signature Certificate" means Digital Signature Certificate issued under sub-section (4) of section 35 of the Act.
- "information asset" means all information resources utilized in the course of any organisation's business and includes all information, applications (software developed or purchased), and technology (hardware, system software and networks).
- "licence" means a licence granted to Certifying Authorities for the issue of Digital Signature Certificates under these rules.
- "licensed Certifying Authority" means Certifying Authority who has been granted a licence to issue Digital Signature Certificates.
- "person" shall include an individual; or a company or association or body of individuals; whether incorporated or not; or Central Government or a State Government or any of the Ministries or Departments, Agencies or Authorities of such Governments.
- "Schedule" means a schedule annexed to these rules.
- "subscriber identity verification method" means the method used to verify and authenticate the identity of a subscriber.
- trusted person" means any person who has:-
- direct responsibilities for the day-to-day operations, security and performance of those business activities that are regulated under the Act or these Rules in respect of a Certifying Authority, or
- duties directly involving the issuance, renewal, suspension, revocation of Digital Signature Certificates (including the identification of any person requesting a Digital Signature Certificate from a licensed Certifying Authority), creation of private keys or administration of a Certifying Authority's computing facilities.
- words and expressions used herein and not defined but defined in Schedule-IV shall have the meaning respectively assigned to them in that schedule. | <urn:uuid:8c426f53-2ad4-4e13-b55f-f6a1453552c2> | 2013-05-21T17:23:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Remember how you felt after your last trip to the Mexican restaurant? If your first thought is of an upset stomach, consider taking digestive enzymes. Because your body's enzyme production drops off after you hit age 30, foods high in fat and carbohydrates become more difficult to digest — potentially leaving you with bloating, constipation, or diarrhea. Taking enzyme supplements regularly (or eating enzyme-rich foods like pineapple) helps break down foods so that nutrients can be absorbed. They can also help ease symptoms of lactose or gluten intolerance. Never take enzymes, though, if you have open stomach ulcers — the results can be painful. When buying supplements for digestion, look for plant-based products that combine several enzymes — they are more likely to work across the gastrointestinal tracts' broad range of pH levels. And be sure to take the pills with food; try them with two meals a day for at least three months; after that, you may be able to go with your gut and cut back.
|Cellulase||→ Cellulose from plant foods|
|Lactase||→ Lactose in dairy|
|Phytase||→ Grains and legumes|
|Protease (bromelain)||→ Protein|
|Sucrase and maltase||→ Complex sugars| | <urn:uuid:16c90356-5a67-41a1-a988-f56aa4eee69d> | 2013-05-21T17:16:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Table of Contents
Trac supports logging of system messages using the standard logging module that comes with Python.
Logging is configured in the [logging] section in trac.ini.
Supported Logging Methods
The log method is set using the log_type option in trac.ini, which takes any of the following values:
- Suppress all log messages.
- Log messages to a file, specified with the log_file option in trac.ini.
- Output all log entries to console (tracd only).
- (UNIX) Send all log messages to the local syslogd via named pipe /dev/log. By default, syslog will write them to the file /var/log/messages.
- (Windows) Use the system's NT Event Log for Trac logging.
The verbosity level of logged messages can be set using the log_level option in trac.ini. The log level defines the minimum level of urgency required for a message to be logged, and those levels are:
- Log only the most critical (typically fatal) errors.
- Log failures, bugs and errors.
- Log warnings, non-interrupting events.
- Diagnostic information, log information about all processing.
- Trace messages, profiling, etc.
Starting with Trac 0.10.4 (see #2844), it is possible to set the output format for log entries. This can be done through the log_format option in trac.ini. The format is a string which can contain any of the Python logging Formatter variables. Additonally, the following Trac-specific variables can be used:
- The last path component of the current environment.
- The absolute path for the current environment.
- The originating project's name.
Note that variables are identified using a dollar sign ($(...)s) instead of percent sign (%(...)s).
The default format is:
log_format = Trac[$(module)s] $(levelname)s: $(message)s
In a multi-project environment where all logs are sent to the same place (e.g. syslog), it makes sense to add the project name. In this example we use basename since that can generally be used to identify a project:
log_format = Trac[$(basename)s:$(module)s] $(levelname)s: $(message)s | <urn:uuid:b7026369-aa43-49bc-ba36-bb85ff93b4e4> | 2013-05-21T17:44:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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You should always externalize resources such as images and strings from your application
code, so that you can maintain them independently. Externalizing your
resources also allows you to provide alternative resources that support specific device
configurations such as different languages or screen sizes, which becomes increasingly
important as more Android-powered devices become available with different configurations. In order
to provide compatibility with different configurations, you must organize resources in your
res/ directory, using various sub-directories that group resources by type and
For any type of resource, you can specify default and multiple alternative resources for your application:
- Default resources are those that should be used regardless of the device configuration or when there are no alternative resources that match the current configuration.
- Alternative resources are those that you've designed for use with a specific configuration. To specify that a group of resources are for a specific configuration, append an appropriate configuration qualifier to the directory name.
For example, while your default UI
layout is saved in the
res/layout/ directory, you might specify a different layout to
be used when the screen is in landscape orientation, by saving it in the
directory. Android automatically applies the appropriate resources by matching the
device's current configuration to your resource directory names.
Figure 1 illustrates how the system applies the same layout for two different devices when there are no alternative resources available. Figure 2 shows the same application when it adds an alternative layout resource for larger screens.
The following documents provide a complete guide to how you can organize your application resources, specify alternative resources, access them in your application, and more:
- Providing Resources
- What kinds of resources you can provide in your app, where to save them, and how to create alternative resources for specific device configurations.
- Accessing Resources
- How to use the resources you've provided, either by referencing them from your application code or from other XML resources.
- Handling Runtime Changes
- How to manage configuration changes that occur while your Activity is running.
- A bottom-up guide to localizing your application using alternative resources. While this is just one specific use of alternative resources, it is very important in order to reach more users.
- Resource Types
- A reference of various resource types you can provide, describing their XML elements, attributes, and syntax. For example, this reference shows you how to create a resource for application menus, drawables, animations, and more. | <urn:uuid:393c5454-aa47-4d5a-9009-34999bb3ff39> | 2013-05-21T17:17:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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[MarkLogic Dev General] Quirks of generating xhtml with xquery
ian at marklogic.com
Thu Aug 28 15:36:03 PDT 2008
> 1. In every xquery module file, since I almost always have
> xpath-functions (fn:) as the default function namespace, I
> also have to duplicate the module namespace in a its own
> namespace declaration (in this case, the "t" namespace).
> There's no way to avoid this boilerplate line of code?
You can define namespace prefixes through the admin UI, at the app
server or group level. Then you don't need to define them in every
> 2. Is it common to declare a variable for the no-namespace
> (in this case, the "void" namespace), to use in places where
> you're in a default namespace context and don't want to be?
> (See the line poking the page title into the <title> element)
I don't like defining a default namespace context, honestly, just to
avoid this issue.
> 3. Does it make sense to pass $content as an item()? Is it
> too restrictive to specify $content as element(xhtml:div)*,
> or even $content as element(div)* ? $content will almost
> certainly be some xhtml structure, rather than a one-line string.
I don't think you need to go all the way from element(foo) to item().
You could choose to stop at many points in between: element(), node(),
> 4. Any comments on the t:html function specifying it's return
> type as element(xhtml:html)? This could also be
> element(html), or even just element().
If it's what you mean to return, and you want the exception checking
done, then it's good programming practice and will help you catch bugs.
By definition, checking the return type of anything must take slightly
more time than not checking it. But if your world is not based on
milliseconds, this is not a real consideration.
> 5. The xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" attribute in the
> html element -- I know it puts itself and all children into a
> default namespace (in this case, the xhtml namespace), but
> what does this actually do for me? My guess is...if I remove
> that, then the return type of the function should become
> element(html) (or element()), and the fact that IE6 renders
> everything properly in that situation, and FF displays the
> DOM tree, means this has something to do with
> xdmp:set-response-content-type being application/xhtml+xml vs
> I didn't show this above, but I have code similar to what
> cq does in terms of checking if
> xdmp:get-request-header('accept') contains
> application/xhtml+xml, and if so, uses
> xdmp:set-response-content-type to set the content-type to
> application/xhtml+xml, rather than text/html.
I believe you should type the elements correctly for this context, but
can't put my hands on a simple cogent argument as to why. (ie. it's
long since become practice for me, and I can't remember why :-) )
I'll leave it to others to tackle #5 and #6.
More information about the General | <urn:uuid:27882671-baba-4a3b-a580-b257e1a9a4aa> | 2013-05-21T17:15:56Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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muddy the waters
Confuse the issue, as in Bringing up one irrelevant fact after another, he succeeded in muddying the waters. This metaphoric expression, alluding to making a pond or stream turbid by stirring up mud from the bottom, was first recorded in 1837.
|a screen or mat covered with a dark material for shielding a camera lens from excess light or glare.|
|a scrap or morsel of food left at a meal.|
Dictionary.com presents 366 FAQs, incorporating some of the frequently asked questions from the past with newer queries. | <urn:uuid:d971c669-a920-4e8a-94fe-c9a07904d07e> | 2013-05-21T17:45:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Date: April 27, 1984
Creator: Cavanagh, M. Suzanne
Description: This report discusses the growing interest in recent years in providing compensation for the innocent victims of violent crime through programs financed by the Federal and/or State Governments. At issue have been the general propriety, desirability, and feasibility, as well as the cost, of Federal support of such programs.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department | <urn:uuid:6b5cd680-8b38-4243-aa78-d72ef4c37be3> | 2013-05-21T17:13:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Date: May 2007
Creator: Esteves, Jason
Description: I provide in my preface a brief account of my development as a creative writer. Through this development I draw an analogy to the evolution of modern science by stating that my need for personal clarity is analogous to the charge for empirical clarity of modern science. Furthermore, I contrast the objectivism of modern science to the subjectivism of creative writing. The four short stories in my thesis range from a semi-autobiographical story, to two short stories that stem out further and further from the subjective origin of the first story. The story of greatest distance is “Fireflies,” which is not semi-autobiographical, but pure fiction. The final short story returns to the subjective origin of the first. The drive of Distances is thereby to create a sort parabola: a subjective, semi-autobiographical origin, to an objective, purely fictional crest, then a return to that subjective, semi-autobiographical origin. The entire collection is a holistic, ultimately subjective, and therefore personal experience; yet, through the use certain tropes,metaphors others can relate to, the stories are paradoxically sharable.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries | <urn:uuid:75faf1ff-e5b3-4da7-b71b-f5e06b0e018f> | 2013-05-21T17:27:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This analysis, using Current Population Survey data, yields statistically compelling evidence that cyclical variations in gross flows of U.S. workers-that is, variations by business cycle phase in the number of workers transitioning from one labor market state to another each month-were substantially smaller in 1986-2005 than in 1968-86. The authors identify six types of workers who would be expected to contribute to cyclical variations in these flows. Counter-intuitively, one such group consists of individuals whose decisions to enter or exit the labor force are independent of labor market conditions. Estimates suggest that these "noncyclical movers" are an empirically important component of gross flows into the labor force. The authors contend that the presence of noncyclical movers precludes accurate measurement of the contributions of workers whose entry and exit decisions are consciously influenced by labor market conditions. | <urn:uuid:3dec0831-5748-47f6-97e3-98e4de16cc34> | 2013-05-21T17:18:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Date of Award
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Use of multi-nutrient supplements for preterm infants fed mother's milk is common practice in neonatal intensive care units to provide sufficient amounts of minerals and other nutrients. The research delineated in this thesis investigated calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron bioavailability from supplemented mother's milk for preterm infants. Multi-nutrient supplementation to mother's milk had the benefit for preterm infants of achieving short-term growth rates parallel to the fetus of similar gestational age without reducing the dietary bioavailability of calcium, magnesium and zinc. In the infant-piglet model it was demonstrated that the addition of calcium and phosphorus to the diet in similar proportions as to preterm infants fed fortified mother's milk did not reduce iron bioavailability. Multi-nutrient supplementation to mother's milk did not result in better short- or long-term growth, greater whole body bone mineral content or better zinc status in comparison to supplementation with calcium and phosphorus alone. If it is, however, desirable for the preterm infant to attain short-term growth rates similar to the intrauterine fetus of the same post-menstrual age, future investigations should address the impact of multi-nutrient supplementation on the bioavailability of other minerals important for growth and development. Long term outcomes of whole body bone mineral, lean and fat mass and zinc status appeared to be determined by post-hospital discharge nutrition rather than nutrition in early neonatal life. Growth and body composition of breast-fed premature infants in the first year of life followed a different pattern in comparison to preterm infants fed a standard term formula. Therefore, future investigations should establish appropriate references for growth and body composition derived from breast-fed term infants in order to evaluate these outcomes in preterm infants fed mother's milk. The research described in this thesis has contributed to the concept that moderate nutrient and mineral intakes from mother's milk supplemented with a multi-nutrient fortifier or from mother's milk alone with only supplemental calcium and phosphorus may be appropriate for the healthy preterm infant even though current nutrient recommendations are not met. Based on the information provided in this thesis, functional responses to mineral nutrition should be considered in setting nutrient recommendations for preterm infants.
Wauben, Ine P.M., "Supplementation of mothers' milk for preterm infants: Mineral bioavailability" (1997). Open Access Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3375. | <urn:uuid:b2be58ed-38fd-401b-8491-5060725c5cd0> | 2013-05-21T17:09:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The "Instrument Icon" on the Scorch task bar can be used to transpose the lead line of the score for a specific instrument. The "Transpose Icon" may be used to move the key up or down.
Use the "Transpose Icon" to move the key up or down to fit your vocal range.
You will need to install Scorch Viewer. Free install here
Before any sale is to be made: We advise that you check your printer setup. | <urn:uuid:736f5707-ed82-4563-bc64-2fddaf37ff46> | 2013-05-21T17:10:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The prehistoric cave paintings of Chauvet in southeastern France show the work of deft hands: Hundreds of animals appear in lifelike posesstanding, stalking, running, or roaming in packson surfaces specially scraped to make the sketches stand out. Many archaeologists assumed that such sophistication required thousands of years of cultural development and artistic experimentation. Yet a new, improved dating analysis suggests that the Chauvet paintings were made between 32,000 and 29,000 years ago, placing them among the most ancient artworks known.
|Well-rendered animals in France's Chauvet cave show an early period of artistic development.|
Photograph courtesy of Helene Valladas/Jean Clottes
Archaeologist Helene Valladas of the National Center for Scientific Research in Gif-sur-Yvette used a precision form of carbon dating to analyze the animal drawings and various charcoal remains in the cave. Her results confirm that the Chauvet cave paintings are 10,000 to 15,000 years older than those at Lascaux, even though the art in the two locations is similarly fine. The finding implies that prehistoric art did not evolve steadily from crude beginnings to complex representations, as was previously thought, but "in spurts, with lots of apogees and lots of declines," says archaeologist Jean Clottes, who is in charge of the research at Chauvet. If so, there may be earlier cycles of artistic development as yet unknown. "I would be very surprised if much older art was not discovered in the next few years, not only in Europe but mostly in Asia, Australia, and Africa. The big problem is one of preservation and dating," says Clottes. | <urn:uuid:3b61dade-5c45-44dd-bd00-1c3f93c8441d> | 2013-05-21T17:38:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|Photos courtesy of the author|
1. Tell us a little about Sophie Green
Sophie is... well, she's blonde. Even when she dyes her hair brown she's still blonde. She's spent so much of her life being so blonde, in fact, that she's almost forgotten that she's actually a fairly smart cookie. But happily for her, someone else also noticed--although maybe not so happily, since the someone else wanted to recruit her for the Security Service. She made a pretty rubbish spy, truth be told, but she did save the day on a number of occasions, notably when there was no one else around to save it. She lost her job last year due to cutbacks--ie she was the least useful person on the team--and has been trying to get back into the fold ever since.
2. Is there anyone special is Sophie's life?
There is someone special in Sophie's life, yes. He's actually the guy who recruited her, and he's a consummate spy. Or at least he was, until he fell in love with a human hurricane and lost his mind. His name is Luke Sharpe, and he's from a very old, very rich family. He's trained with the RAF, the SAS, and now he's with MI6. He's smart, he's strong and handsome, he's got a sense of humour and he makes James Bond look dorky. So what if he has all the emotional ability of a fruit fly? Sophie can work on that...
3. Hollywood are on the phone....Who would you like to see cast as lead characters ?
I've never cast either Luke or Sophie to my own satisfaction. But, Mr Spielberg, Mr Weinstein, Ms Epron...who am I kidding? This is my fantasy, and it's Joss Whedon directing the movie. So, Mr Whedon, I rather like the look of Michael Fassbender for Luke, or possibly Paul Bettany. Rupert Penry-Jones would also be considered for the role. As for Sophie, well Joss, what do you think? Sophia Myles would be a good choice, or do you think we could get Kate Winslet? And while we're enjoying this little fantasy, let's go back a few years and have a young Johnny Depp playing Jack. What so you mean, impossible? Oh all right, we'll have Robert Pattinson instead. What do you think? Joss? Joss?
Kate Johnson lives behind a keyboard in Essex and belongs to a small pride of cats. She likes wine, shoes and dying her hair, and can be found online most days talking about these things, or about how much she fancies Richard Armitage.
Her first book with Choc Lit, The Untied Kingdom, is shortlisted for the Contemporary Romantic Novel of the Year 2012.
You can find Kate online at http://katejohnson.co.uk and
on Twitter @k8johnsonauthor.
The lovely folks at ChocLit Publishers are generously offering
a 200g Lindt Choc bunny to one lucky reader (UK Only)
To be entered into the giveaway, please answer the following question below.
Winner will be announced here after closing date 13th April, so please look out for the winning announcement when I will ask winner to contact me via email. Not the usual form entry so entrants answers can be shared with readers :)
If Hollywood were on the phone, who would you cast in the movie of your life? | <urn:uuid:54e7dd0d-9a39-4ff5-acd2-64b187c649f0> | 2013-05-21T17:31:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index][Subject Index][Author Index]
Re: The Permo-Triassic extinction killed the dinosaurs, according to Fox News
What an excellent example of sloppy journalism. The sad thing is that the paper
could have made a very interesting news story in the right hands. The authors
found exceptionally high concentrations of nano-scale silica dust in the
end-Permian coals, which they suggest combines with organic pollutants from the
coal to cause elevated rates of lung cancer. They think the acidic fallout from
the Siberian Traps eruptions accelerated erosion to produce the silica dust,
which washed into the peat bogs.
By the way, read that first sentence carefully, and you discover that plants
were walking the earth along with the dinosaurs 250 million years ago. Maybe
give it to your students and say "spot the errors."
At 9:32 AM -0500 1/8/10, Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. wrote:
>"The tremendous volcanic eruption thought to be responsible for Earth's
>largest mass extinction - which killed more than 70 percent of plants and
>dinosaurs walking the planet 250 million years ago - is still taking lives
>Well, to be fair, 0 of the dinosaur individuals present in the latest
>Permian survived into the earliest Triassic. Of course, 0 of the human
>individuals present in the latest Permian survived into the earliest
>But it gets... Er... Better (?):
>"Scientists investigating the high incidence of lung cancer in China's Xuan
>Wei County in Yunnan Province conclude that the problem lies with the coal
>residents use to heat their homes. That coal was formed by the same
>250-million-year-old giant volcanic eruption - termed a supervolcano - that
>was responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs. The high silica content
>of that coal is interacting with volatile organic matter in the soil to
>cause the unusually high rates of lung cancer."
>Coal. Formed by a basaltic eruption.
>(Okay, in the paper itself, it states that the coal formed at the P/Tr
>boundary, but not that it was produced by volcanic action as such. The
>particular coal seam seems to be comparable to the Z Coal in the Hell
>Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.
>Email: firstname.lastname@example.org Phone: 301-405-4084
>Office: Centreville 1216
>Senior Lecturer, Vertebrate Paleontology
>Dept. of Geology, University of Maryland
>Faculty Director, Earth, Life & Time Program, College Park Scholars
>Faculty Director, Science & Global Change Program, College Park Scholars
>Mailing Address: Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.
> Department of Geology
> Building 237, Room 1117
> University of Maryland
> College Park, MD 20742 USA
Jeff Hecht, science & technology writer
email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.org
Boston Correspondent: New Scientist magazine
Contributing Editor: Laser Focus World
525 Auburn St., Auburndale, MA 02466 USA
tel. 617-965-3834 http://www.jeffhecht.com | <urn:uuid:4c38a9aa-d0c0-4113-a0cc-88674c6dd2b9> | 2013-05-21T17:43:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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You can improve voice recognition by completing a short series of prompts that ask you to say specific numbers and words.
- On the home screen or in a folder, click the Options icon.
Call Management >
- In the Voice Adaptation section, click Start.
- Complete the instructions on the screen. | <urn:uuid:868190e3-6d88-4fa4-92d7-fb3b3db7ca4d> | 2013-05-21T17:45:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"Body piercing" means perforating any human body part or human tissue, except an ear, and placing a foreign object in the perforation in order to prevent the perforation from closing.
"Body-piercing establishment" means the premises where a body piercer performs body piercing.
(2) Department; duty.
Except as provided in ss. 250.041
, the department shall provide uniform, statewide licensing and regulation of body piercers and uniform, statewide licensing and regulation of body-piercing establishments under this section. The department shall inspect a body-piercing establishment once before issuing a license for the body-piercing establishment under this section and may make additional inspections that the department determines are necessary.
(3) License required.
Except as provided in sub. (5)
, no person may pierce the body of or attempt to pierce the body of another, designate or represent himself or herself as a body piercer or use or assume the title "body piercer" unless the person is licensed under this section.
(4) Rule making.
The department shall promulgate all of the following as rules:
Except as provided in ss. 250.041
, standards and procedures, including fee payment to offset the cost of licensing body piercers and body-piercing establishments, for the annual issuance of licenses as body piercers or as body-piercing establishments to applicants under this section.
Standards for the performance of body piercing by a licensed body piercer and for the maintenance of a licensed body-piercing establishment, which will promote safe and adequate care and treatment for individuals who receive body piercing and eliminate or greatly reduce the danger of exposure by these individuals to communicable disease or infection.
This section does not apply to a dentist who is licensed under s. 447.03 (1)
or to a physician who pierces the body of or offers to pierce the body of a person in the course of the dentist's or physician's professional practice.
See also chs. DHS 173
and Med 15
, Wis. adm. code.
Denial, nonrenewal and revocation of license based on tax delinquency. 252.241(1)
Except as provided in sub. (1m)
, the department shall require each applicant to provide the department with the applicant's social security number, if the applicant is an individual, or the applicant's federal employer identification number, if the applicant is not an individual, as a condition of issuing or renewing a license under s. 252.23 (2)
or (4) (a)
or 252.24 (2)
or (4) (a)
If an individual who applies for or to renew a license under sub. (1)
does not have a social security number, the individual, as a condition of obtaining the license, shall submit a statement made or subscribed under oath or affirmation to the department that the applicant does not have a social security number. The form of the statement shall be prescribed by the department of children and families. A license issued or renewed in reliance upon a false statement submitted under this subsection is invalid.
The department may not disclose any information received under sub. (1)
to any person except to the department of revenue for the sole purpose of requesting certifications under s. 73.0301
Except as provided in sub. (1m)
, the department shall deny an application for the issuance or renewal of a license specified in sub. (1)
if the applicant does not provide the information specified in sub. (1)
The department shall deny an application for the issuance or renewal of a license specified in sub. (1)
, or shall revoke the license specified in sub. (1)
, if the department of revenue certifies under s. 73.0301
that the applicant for or holder of the license is liable for delinquent taxes.
History: 1997 a. 237
; 1999 a. 9
; 2007 a. 20
Agent status for local health departments. 252.245(1)(1)
In the administration and enforcement of ss. 252.23
, the department may enter into a written agreement with a local health department with a jurisdictional area that has a population greater than 5,000, which designates the local health department as the department's agent in issuing licenses to and making investigations or inspections of tattooists and tattoo establishments and body piercers and body-piercing establishments. In a jurisdictional area of a local health department without agent status, the department of health services may issue licenses, collect license fees established by rule under ss. 252.23 (4) (a)
and 252.24 (4) (a)
and make investigations or inspections of tattooists and tattoo establishments and body piercers and body-piercing establishments. If the department designates a local health department as its agent, the department or local health department may require no license for the same operations other than the license issued by the local health department under this subsection. If the designation is made and the services are furnished, the department shall reimburse the local health department furnishing the service at the rate of 80% of the net license fee per license per year issued in the jurisdictional area.
A local health department designated as the department's agent under this section shall meet standards promulgated under ss. 252.23 (4) (a)
and 252.24 (4) (a)
. The department shall annually evaluate the licensing, investigation and inspection program of each local health department granted agent status. If, at any time, a local health department designated as the department's agent fails to meet the standards, the department of health services may revoke its agent status.
The department shall provide education and training to agents designated under this section to ensure uniformity in the enforcement of s. 252.23
and rules promulgated under s. 252.23
Except as provided in sub. (4m)
, a local health department designated as the department's agent under this section shall establish and collect the license fee for each tattooist or tattoo establishment and for each body piercer or body-piercing establishment. The local health department may establish separate fees for preinspections of new tattoo or body-piercing establishments, for preinspections of existing establishments for which a person intends to be the new operator or for the issuance of duplicate licenses. No fee may exceed the local health department's reasonable costs of issuing licenses to, making investigations and inspections of, and providing education, training and technical assistance to the tattooists and tattoo establishments or body piercers and body-piercing establishments, plus the state fee established under sub. (9)
A local health department designated as the department's agent under this section may contract with the department of health services for the department of health services to collect fees and issue licenses under s. 252.23
. The department shall collect from the local health department the actual and reasonable cost of providing the services.
If, under this section, a local health department becomes an agent or its agent status is discontinued during a licensee's license year, the department of health services and the local health department shall divide any license fee paid by the licensee for that license year according to the proportions of the license year occurring before and after the local health department is designated as an agent or the agent status is discontinued. No additional fee may be required during the license year due to the change in agent status.
A village, city or county may enact ordinances and a local board of health may adopt regulations regarding the licensees and premises for which the local health department is the designated agent under this section, which are stricter than s. 252.23
or rules promulgated by the department of health services under s. 252.23
. No such provision may conflict with s. 252.23
or with department rules.
This section does not limit the authority of the department to inspect establishments in jurisdictional areas of local health departments that are designated as agents if it inspects in response to an emergency, for the purpose of monitoring and evaluating the local health department's licensing, inspection and enforcement program or at the request of the local health department.
The department shall hold a hearing under ch. 227
if, in lieu of proceeding under ch. 68
, any interested person in the jurisdictional area of a local health department that is designated as the department's agent under this section appeals to the department of health services alleging that a license fee for a tattooist or tattooist establishment or for a body piercer or body-piercing establishment exceeds the license issuer's reasonable costs of issuing licenses to, making investigations and inspections of, and providing education, training and technical assistance to the tattooist or tattooist establishment or to the body piercer or body-piercing establishment.
The department shall promulgate rules establishing state fees for its costs related to setting standards under ss. 252.23
and monitoring and evaluating the activities of, and providing education and training to, agent local health departments. Agent local health departments shall include the state fees in the license fees established under sub. (4)
, collect the state fees and reimburse the department for the state fees collected. For tattooists or tattoo establishments and for body piercers or body-piercing establishments, the state fee may not exceed 20% of the license fees established under s. 252.23 (4) (a)
or 252.24 (4) (a)
Violation of law relating to health.
Any person who willfully violates or obstructs the execution of any state statute or rule, county, city or village ordinance or departmental order under this chapter and relating to the public health, for which no other penalty is prescribed, shall be imprisoned for not more than 30 days or fined not more than $500 or both.
History: 1981 c. 291
; 1993 a. 27
; Stats. 1993 s. 252.25. | <urn:uuid:d104417e-f507-4cb1-bc94-f62bf026b047> | 2013-05-21T17:24:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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LogRecord instances are created every time something is logged. They contain all the information pertinent to the event being logged. The main information passed in is in msg and args, which are combined using msg % args to create the message field of the record. The record also includes information such as when the record was created, the source line where the logging call was made, and any exception information to be logged.
LogRecord has no methods; it's just a repository for information about the logging event. The only reason it's a class rather than a dictionary is to facilitate extension.
|name, lvl, pathname, lineno, msg, args, exc_info)|
See About this document... for information on suggesting changes. | <urn:uuid:5b423a49-ce50-48fe-aa8e-8e46ce6a4a37> | 2013-05-21T17:32:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Quotes always amaze me. And inspiring quotes rejuvenate and keep me going. I want to share this particular quote which i first came across in the movie "The world's fastest Indian". The protagonist in the movie quotes these words of Theodre Roosevelt. Simply amazing lines filled with wisdom.
"It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, who comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does actually strive to do the deeds; who knows great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who neither know victory nor defeat."- Theodre Roosevelt | <urn:uuid:5bf933ca-6e84-41bd-8b61-fd2ba7fcd230> | 2013-05-21T17:43:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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In many cases, uterine fibroids are followed and watched. This is particularly true for older women. If you choose to have treatment, your treatment options will depend on your symptoms and age.
One of the most common symptoms of uterine fibroids is increased menstrual bleeding. If a fibroid is causing the increased bleeding, your doctor may do a pelvic exam and order an ultrasound. In addition, your doctor may recommend dietary changes, like increasing iron , folate , and vitamin B12 , to help prevent anemia due to blood loss.
- Reviewer: Andrea Chisholm
- Review Date: 09/2012 -
- Update Date: 00/91/2012 - | <urn:uuid:1043482a-05f3-4e39-b5ee-e2f44f8a258c> | 2013-05-21T17:24:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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My name is Douglas Reed. I'm 21 years old and I am kid in the kingdom of God. Am I perfect? no. Does He love me anyways? Always. I would say knowing God is the outstanding characteristic of my life. Everything else is for me to know and you to find out. | <urn:uuid:7528ebf6-a67d-4cf3-8682-f6e574b7b351> | 2013-05-21T17:10:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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❀ ❀ Im Josie xoxo ❀ ❀
In a forest there was a young boy tree and a young girl tree. They loved each other, but they grew on opposite sides of the forrest. No matter how hard they tried they couldn't touch each other. Only when the wind blew could their leaves float together. Still the girl tree felt very lonely and afterwards a fire broke out in the forrest. Both of them died and became smoke that drifted lightly into the sky. The young girl tree still felt very happy because they could finally be together forever. | <urn:uuid:d8c1cd20-1e6b-489c-905c-a8495590a2dd> | 2013-05-21T17:09:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Dragons are creatures with nearly unlimited life spans. They can survive for long periods of time, and no one has found a dragon that has died of old age. Adolescence is usually marked by the growth of a hatchling’s wings, although not all breeds of dragons grow wings and some breeds have other traits that indicate the beginning of maturation. Once they hit adolescence, hatchlings change quickly, maturing to their full forms in only 2 years.
Dragons don’t communicate with each other verbally, but they will growl to scare off predators and frighten prey. Young dragons will emit an extremely high-pitched squeal when they are frightened. To communicate, they use telepathy with each other and to speak to other creatures.
Green dragons are also sometimes called "earth" dragons. They usually live deep within caves, and have power over the earth. They are capable of launching boulders at high speeds, and can cause earthquakes by slamming down onto the ground. | <urn:uuid:6b4550a5-2224-44a8-a6c5-b0b3cb79d8fe> | 2013-05-21T17:09:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Dragons are creatures with nearly unlimited life spans. They can survive for long periods of time, and no one has found a dragon that has died of old age. Adolescence is usually marked by the growth of a hatchling’s wings, although not all breeds of dragons grow wings and some breeds have other traits that indicate the beginning of maturation. Once they hit adolescence, hatchlings change quickly, maturing to their full forms in only 2 years.
Dragons don’t communicate with each other verbally, but they will growl to scare off predators and frighten prey. Young dragons will emit an extremely high-pitched squeal when they are frightened. To communicate, they use telepathy with each other and to speak to other creatures.
Sunstone dragons are named after the orb on their tails, which resembles the gem of the same name. Their social structure resembles a lion pride, with one dominant male and several females banded together with their young. They prefer arid climates where they can blend in and dig for minerals and gemstones that they not only collect, but eat. The more gems they consume, the larger their tail stone grows. They are an aggressive breed; it is not uncommon to see two males battling for mates and territory. | <urn:uuid:c694bd86-6caf-4934-8e3b-68d5af71010e> | 2013-05-21T17:30:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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High Potency Liquid Vitamins
High Potency Liquid VitaminsHigh Potency Liquid Vitamins, 16 oz by BURIED TREASURE | 016055456709
Benefits of High Potency Liquid Vitamin:
VITAMIN A: (beta carotene) aids in the proper function of the immune system. It maintains healthy skin on all body surfaces inside and out. Vitamin A counteracts night blindness and weak eyesight. It is needed for normal growth and reproduction.
VITAMIN D: (ergocalciferol) is necessary to help the body absorb calcium and phosphorus for the growth and development of teeth and bones. Taken with Vitamins A and C, it can aid in preventing colds and in assimilating Vitamin A.
VITAMIN C: (ascorbic acid) is necessary for optimum utilization of the B vitamins. It benefits the body in many ways such as boosting immunity, reducing cancer rates, enhancing wound repair, and protecting against pollution and cigarette smoke.
VITAMIN E: (d-alpha tocopheryl) is a powerful antioxidant protecting against heart disease, cancer, and strokes. It also enhances the activity of Vitamin A.
VITAMIN B-1: (thiamin) is essential for proper energy production, carbohydrate metabolism, and nerve cell function. It can enhance the digestive process and provide relief from heartburn, and prevent and treats impaired mental function in the elderly.
VITAMIN B-2: (riboflavin) is crucial in the production of energy and is involved in regenerating glutathione, one of the main cellular protectors against free-radical damage.
NIACIN: (niacinamide) is an effective reducer of blood cholesterol levels. It is also involved in the regulation of blood sugar, antioxidant mechanisms, and detoxification reactions.
PABA: (para-aminobenzoic acid) acts as a coenzyme in the breakdown and utilization of protein, maintains healthy skin and hair, and helps form folic acid.
VITAMIN B-5: (pantothenic acid) is important for optimum adrenal function and has long been considered the "anti-stress" vitamin because of its central role in adrenal function and cellular metabolism.
VITAMIN B-6: (pyridoxine hydro-chloride) is needed for the proper functioning of more than 60 different enzymes. It is also needed for healthy blood and proper functioning of the nervous system. It stimulates the repair of red blood cells and it is one of the most utilized and valued nutritional supplements for over 100 health conditions.
FOLIC ACID: is critical to cellular division. It stimulates the production of hydrochloric acid necessary for proper digestion and is also essential for emotional health. When taken with Vitamins B-6 and B-12, folic acid decreases homocysteine levels and thus the risk of blood vessel damage leading to heart attacks.
Provide a day's worth of vital vitamins - FAST! These highly absorbable, high potency vitamins start working for you faster than any tablet, capsule, or gelcap vitamin. This is an important consideration for everyone, but especially for folks over 50.
INOSITOL promotes export of fat from the liver, making it critical to the health of the liver. It is also used in the treatment of depression, panic disorders, and diabetes.
CHOLINE BITARTRATE is essential for proper liver function. It increases acteylcholine within the brain resulting in improved memory.
LEMON BIOFLAVONOIDS are necessary for the proper function and absorption of Vitamin C. They promote healthy capillary walls and connective tissue along with building resistance to infection.
VITAMIN B-12 (cyanocobalamin) is critical for maintaining healthy nerves and a sharp mind. It plays an essential role in the metabolism of fat, carbohydrates and protein.
Enjoy The Most Complete Liquid Vitamin Formula Available Today High Potency Vitamins provide your body with a complete spectrum of vital nutrients! Easy to swallow, this liquid formula is available for immediate absorption, faster than any tablet, capsule or gel cap. Blended with apple, raspberry, grape, and cherry juices, it provides a great tasting product without any added sugars or sweeteners. | <urn:uuid:c4d75b04-2eb6-4e23-836f-3936a36b5ba8> | 2013-05-21T17:38:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Report on the news that matters to your community and don't let us miss a beat. Send in your stories and photos.
My Recent Comments
I have never been given a "flu test" to confirm or dispute that I had the flu by any doctor. How was this case confirmed? There are many, many, many, several temporary viral and bacterial infections and conditions that cause flu-like symptoms. The "flu" is nothing more than a money racket to sell you a bunch of shots with side effects that will cause all kinds of other problems that are far worse. Drink some water and take a nap. You'll be fine in a couple days, even if you actually have the flu. Or, if you're like me, you can't afford the time off to nap. In this case, drink some water and go to work and tough it out -- you'll still be OK.6 months ago
Yeah, let's bring back "Leave it to Beaver" and "Father Knows Best" so our television time can be just as terrible as the world around us. No thanks.6 months ago | <urn:uuid:b8990185-0464-41c0-b549-5bd51b56e0d3> | 2013-05-21T17:18:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A study on match-fixing in sport which maps and analyses criminal law provisions in the 27 EU Member States has been finalised and is now publicly available.
In its Communication on 'Developing the European Dimension in Sport' from January 2011, the Commission recognised that match-fixing violates the ethics and integrity of sport and that, whether related to influencing betting or to sporting objectives, it is a form of corruption and as such sanctioned by national criminal law. In addition, in its Communication on 'Fighting Corruption in the EU' adopted in June 2011, the Commission observed that corruption in sport is an increasingly visible problem with cross-border dimensions, mainly related to opacity of transfers and match-fixing. The Commission also announced its intention to analyse possible solutions to address match-fixing more effectively by first launching a study on how corruption in sport is covered in national legislation, noting that this may offer grounds for further policy actions in this area, such as possibly establishing minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences in this field.
The study on "Match-fixing in sport – A mapping of criminal law provisions in EU 27" [2 MB] was launched by the Commission in September 2011 and has now been completed. The results of the study, which was carried out by KEA European Affairs, are publicly available.
Although the study does not represent the Commission's official position, the Commission considers its results as useful input for future discussions with governmental and non-governmental stakeholders in view of addressing the issues raised by match-fixing in the EU. | <urn:uuid:9a819f59-31a8-4d40-a451-dc59640e7628> | 2013-05-21T17:47:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Distribution of Wealth: A Theory of Wages, Interest and Profits
The Place of Distribution within the Traditional Divisions of Economics
We have undertaken to solve a test problem of distribution—to ascertain whether the division of the social income into wages, interest and profits is, in principle, honest. We have seen that this compels us to enter the realm of production, in order to find whether these incomes are earned. Is each of them specifically created by the agent that gets it? If it is, the entire science of distribution is nothing more than a science of the process of specific production. In any case, the relation of the wealth-creating process to the wealth-dividing process needs a most searching examination.
The terms, Production, Distribution, Exchange and Consumption, have been used to designate four divisions of economic science. These, however, are not distinct divisions; for one of them includes two of the others. The production of wealth, as it is carried on by an organized society, is a process that embraces within itself both exchange and distribution. This fact makes it necessary completely to rearrange economic theory, for purposes of study, and to divide it according to a new principle. The old landmarks of the science will not entirely disappear, for it will still be necessary to speak of production, distribution, etc., as processes that are going on, and that can be defined and understood. As divisions of the science, however, they will vanish; for the demarcations that have been made between them correspond to nothing in actual life. They are forced distinctions, made for the sake of resolving into smaller areas a field that is too large to be dealt with as a whole. As we throw them away, the economic field takes on an entirely new appearance, and it will soon be seen that this is its true and natural appearance. This field will still, however, have its divisions; and it is a striking fact that the study which shows how hopelessly blended are exchange, distribution and production has also the effect of revealing three divisions of economics that are natural and clear. We attain the true divisions, in fact, by perceiving why we may not use the old ones.
Production is the bringing of commodities into existence; and in any state except a primitive one it is accomplished by a division of labor. The producer is a specialist, selling one article, or a part of an article, and buying what he needs with the proceeds. Only society in its entirety is an all-around creator of goods. This is equivalent to saying that social production is now accomplished by means of exchanges. The passing of goods from man to man enables all society to make all goods; and the two expressions, "division of labor," on the one hand, and "exchange," on the other, merely describe in different ways the organized process of creating wealth, as contrasted with the method of isolated and independent production. Where a thing stays in one man's hands until it is finished and in use, production is not yet socialized.*3 Society in its entirety is the one producer of wealth. Exchange is, then, the socializing element in production. It is a characteristic part of the comprehensive process.
The relation of man to Nature in the productive operation remains unchanged, however much society may be organized. The earth still gives matter, and man transforms it. The making of a steel tool in a modern shop is, in this respect, akin to the fashioning of a stone hatchet by a prehistoric man. What is new in social production is the relation of man to man. Interdependence has supplanted independence: a great organization has taken the place of a mass of unconnected producers. Specializing and exchanging have made this difference.
Production by society as a whole, moreover, involves a fixing of values. If we part with our own products, something must decide how much we are to get in return for them. The ratios of exchange that a market establishes have, not unnaturally, been treated in that division of the science which is customarily entitled exchange. Is that, however, the proper place for them?
There is a kind of distribution that does not fix the rates of wages and interest, but determines how much one industry, as a whole, including its laborers, its capitalists and its entrepreneurs, shall get, as compared with other industries. It determines whether one whole branch of business shall be more prosperous than another. This is an intermediate part of the general distributing operation. and it is accomplished by means of prices. When wheat, for example, is high in price, the farming industry is well paid, as compared with others; and when wheat is cheap, that industry is ill paid. If what we have in mind is the so-called "market price" of an article,—the immediate price of any given supply of an article,—this kind of value governs what we may call group distribution. If steel, for example, sells at a high rate, a large income goes to the group that produces it. This income distributes itself somewhere in the group; but how much of it laborers get, and how much capitalists and employers get, is a question that we do not now raise. This is determined by an ultimate distribution taking place within the groups. Group distribution is a preliminary division of the social income, and it deals with branches of industry in their entirety. The terms of this primary division of the social income depend on the prices of different kinds of goods. Farmers want wheat to be dear, as miners want ore to be dear, etc. Prices, then, fix the incomes of these groups.
The great income of all society—that which is to be distributed—really consists of concrete articles, all for some use, Most of them are goods for consumption; and they serve to stock retailers' shops, while waiting for purchasers. In some way this promiscuous stock of consumers' goods gets divided into shares, of which every man, whether he be a laborer or a capitalist, gets a part. There is no way in which the fixing of the terms of this division can be begun and completed after the goods are finished and exposed for sale. If, before the stock of goods was ready to be taken by consumers, nothing had been done to decide how much each laborer and each a capitalist might have, the distribution would have to be made according to some arbitrary rule and by some officer of the state. The terms of the division that is actually made, however, are fixed as the production of the goods goes on: the goods are really apportioned in the making.
The creation of such a general stock of commodities for use is a great synthesis, which goes on in a systematic way. One group of producers makes the article A, another group makes B, another C, etc. As A is sold, the sum that is paid for it is apportioned among the entire group that makes it; and as B is sold, the returns from this sale are divided, in the same way, among all who have helped to make this article. The prices of completed articles thus fix the incomes of groups in their entirety, These sub-groups are, in an equally exact way, divided into sub-groups. Thus it takes farmers, wool merchants, manufacturers, dyers, cloth merchants and tailors to make a coat. Each of these classes constitutes a sub-group; and each gets a share of the returns of the general group—a share in every case dependent on prices. If wool is dear, farmers thrive; and if the difference between the price of wool and the price of cloth is large, manufacturers thrive. It is market values that fix the incomes of sub-groups, as well as those of groups.
Neither of those price-adjusting operations, however, directly fixes wages and interest. This is the final and critical part of distribution. It takes place within the sub-groups, and it constitutes the third and final division that has to be made. The portions of income that fall to farmers, manufacturers, etc., as such, have to be further subdivided; for a share must be paid to every laborer and to every capitalist. This last division is not made, however, as the mere general divisions are made, by a mere sale of finished goods: finer and more difficult adjustments are involved. We need now to have clearly in mind the systematic way in which the division of the grand stock of usable goods proceeds, the manner in which it follows the stages of production and the part that the fixing of exchange values has in it. This distribution goes on in three distinct stages. There are to be made a division, a subdivision and a final subdivision of the social income. The first division fixes the income of industrial groups; the second fixes that of sub-groups, and the final division adjusts wages and interest within each of the innumerable sub-groups in the system. The shares of the groups and those of the sub-groups depend entirely on the prices of goods, and therefore the fixing of market values results in the adjustment of the terms of group distribution,
Thus, let A''' represent some one completed product, any bread; and let A represent raw material, the standing wheat of which it is mode. A' may then represent the wheat as threshed and conveyed to the elevator of a milling company, A''' may represent it as it is ground into flour, and A''' may represent it baked into loaves. In like manner B, B', etc., represent another commodity—say, woollen clothing—in its several stages of advancement, and the series of C's represent still another commodity. All the A's constitute the product of one general group; and the price of A''' fixes the size of its entire group income. The prices of B''' and C''' likewise fix the general incomes of the two groups that make them. Similarly, the difference between the price of A'' and that of A''' fixes the income of the sub-group that transforms the one article into the other. In this case the difference is the gross income of the baking industry. In the same way, the difference between the price of A' and that of A'' determines the income of the flouring industry, etc. The income of each sub-group in the whole series, then, depends directly on prices.
A philosophy that goes behind such market prices, however, brings us to what are called "natural" or "normal" prices. These are the values, expressed in terms of money, to which, in the long run, market values tend to conform. These normal values are also in another way, phenomena of distribution; for a certain force that operates within the sphere of group distribution establishes the normal standards to which market values tend to conform. We have just seen that market prices fix the incomes of the different groups, as such, and so control distribution in its early stages. We have now to see that a deeper force, and one that also acts in distribution, controls normal prices. Market prices are the cause of group distribution; normal prices are the effect of a certain phenomenon of distribution. The adjustment of natural or normal prices is a part of the distributive process. The movements that make prices "natural" are, in fact, efforts on the part of different men to get their natural shares of income.
Prices are at their natural level when labor and capital in one industry produce as much and get as much as they do in any other. Normal prices mean equalized wages and equalized interest. If the prices of wheat, wool, iron, lumber, etc., were such that no laborer and no capitalist could acquire an enlarged producing power by leaving the industry that creates one of these commodities, and betaking himself to one that makes another, the price of each of the commodities would be normal.
The familiar definition of natural price is: that which conforms to the cost of production. The economist has been in the habit of putting himself, in imagination, in the business man's position, and of considering the money that he pays out in producing an article as the cost and what he gets by selling the article as the return. The tendency of competition, according to this conception, is to bring the price down to the point at which the return equals the cost. This is, however, an individualistic and limited view of the law of normal prices. It presents that law as it appears to a man who is performing his one particular part of the social operation of creating wealth. The broad view, on the other hand, presents the law as it appears to a student who has all society within the range of his vision. It is, indeed, true that the normal price of each article is its cost. The cause of this, however, is not local in the industry; it is not anything that takes place within the one group that makes the commodity. The influence that brings, let us say, cotton cloth to a natural price is one that works throughout the productive system. A broadly social tendency it is, in fact, that makes any one price normal. The traditional statement of the law of normal price is not incorrect; but it is misleading, because it is partial and inadequate. It presents things from an entrepreneur's point of view, instead of from a social point of view.
It will be seen, when we make a fuller study of this subject, that a condition in which all things sell for the amount of money that they have cost—including interest and wages of management, as elements of cost—is a state in which the gross gains of the different industrial groups are brought to pro rata equality, that is, to a condition in which the returns of all groups yield the same amounts per unit of capital and also the same amounts per unit of labor. Cost prices, then, are those that give equalized earnings.
It is comparative gains, and not the gains of any one group, that test prices, and determine whether they are normal. Thus, the present price of wheat is such as to afford a larger product per unit of capital than is afforded in some other industries; it is above the natural standard, and would be so even if wages and interest were locally so high that entrepreneurs got nothing above cost of production. If the result of this should be should be to draw men and capital from other occupations to the raising of this cereal, the operation would end by reducing to nothing the excess of gains that is now secured in this occupation. Prices would then be normal, provided that no other causes had meanwhile noted to disturb the equality of the earning power of labor and capital in the group system. It is because the prices then realized would afford to the different industrial groups equalized returns, that the prices themselves are to be called normal. The term really signifies that group distribution is in a natural state. Equal products everywhere per unit of labor and equal products per unit of capital—this is the condition that affords natural prices of goods. Incidentally, this condition gives what have been defined as cost prices.
When, therefore, men have no further inducement to move from one group to another,—that is, when group distribution is natural,—prices are natural. This requires that labor and capital shall be so apportioned among the various industries that there is neither overproduction of one article nor underproduction of another. Society must, in short, so direct its productive energies as to make different goods in the right quantities. The production of each specific article must be normal in amount, in order that the prices of it may be normal. The influence that brings production to this natural state is the effort of laborers and capitalists to seize any special gain that maybe offered to them, by moving to any group in which the price of the product is high. This is clearly an operation in group distribution. Thus an influence that originates in distribution brings about a state of social production in which exchange values are normal. Where, then, within the four traditional divisions of economic science should the study of exchange value be located? The phenomenon itself is directly connected with exchange: the proximate cause of it is a state of production; the ultimate influence that controls it is an action of the forces of distribution.
It is clear that the study of market value falls within the science of distribution. On the surface it is current market prices that control the distribution which takes place among different groups or specific industries. These prices, however, are transient, and they fluctuate about certain more permanent standards. The tendency of group distribution to become normal—that is, to bring wages and interest to an approximate equality in different industries—draws prices toward the normal standard.
What, then, is left to be treated under the title, exchange? Only the actual passing of goods from hand to hand. This process results in ranging men in distinct groups, each of which has its part to play in the process of social production. Exchange fixes the form of organization of industrial society. Back of each finished article that the shops offer to us there is ranged a series of specialized producers, each of whom has taken his turn in putting a touch upon it. Intricate, indeed, is the organization of society for productive purposes; but the principles that give shape to it are simple. They are the subjects of the theory of exchange, which is the theory of the organization of industrial society. When we examine the system of groups of which society is composed, we shall perceive the full meaning of this statement. For the present, be it noted that exchanges divide and subdivide industry: they range its forces in groups and sub-groups, the functions of which are determined by natural law.
It is, further, clear that all this disposing of the agents of production—this putting of some labor and capital here, and other labor and capital there—is a phenomenon of social production, a part of the social productive organization. It is a certain marshalling of the productive forces, placing them where they will do the most good. Production, in fact, embraces every economic operation except consumption. Exchange is merely the typical feature of production, as carried on by groups. Under this head we shall describe the group system of industry. We have seen that an influence which acts in distribution fixes the sizes of the groups and the amount of goods that each shall create. In the way that we have just noted, it guards against the production of too much of one commodity and too little of another. This is also a part of the all-embracing process of social production.
There is another and an even more important kind of distribution that falls within production. The distribution which connects itself with values, and the study of which gives a science of value, is that which takes place between different industries in their entirety. Thus, a high price for wheat makes the raising of that cereal a well-paid occupation, and puts a large sum into the possession of the group of laborers, capitalists and entrepreneurs who jointly raise it. How much of this large return goes to laborers? Hew much goes to capitalists? How much remains in the hands of entrepreneurs? These, as we noted, are questions involving distribution of another kind. Within each industry there is this final division to be made. After the returns of each sub-group, taken as a whole, have been determined, this lump sum is to be apportioned among different claimants within it; and this is the final process in the distributing of the social income.
In the final division that takes place within the sub-groups—the division that separates the gross earnings of each of them into wages, interest and profits—a law of production rules. So far as natural laws are unperverted, labor tends to get, as its share, what it separately produces; and capital does the same. The laborer who has helped a farmer to raise wheat naturally gets the value of that part of the wheat crop which is separately due to his labor. This statement requires proof, and will receive it: but it must stand for the present, as a thesis to be established by a later study. What is now clear is that, if it should be established, the whole of distribution as well as the whole of exchange, would be included within the organized process of producing wealth. Unravel the web of the social product, tracing each thread to its source, and you will have solved the problem of distribution. This is an analytical study. It traces backward, step by step, the synthesis by which, through the putting together of many different things, the great social dividend of usable goods is created. It first traces to each group its share in the creating of the grand total; then it traces the part of this that each sub-group has contributed: : and finally it attributes to labor and capital their several shares in the creating of the sub-group product.
We may, then, gather into the comprehensive science of production all the economic processes that go on in an organized or social way. There is, then, it appears, no separating of the processes that traditional theories have treated as distinct divisions of the science. Here, for example, working in a shoe shop, is a man who gets two dollars a day. Let us set before ourselves the problem of accounting for the amount of his wages. He is a part of a sub-group; and we have first to account for the way in which society has thrown itself into the systematic shape of groups and sub-groups, which exchange products with each other. We discuss the theory of exchange, in the narrow and accurate sense of the term, when we account for this group arrangement which is brought about for the sake of carrying on production in an organized way. In treating exchange, therefore, we are entering on the treatment of production. What the man gets is a part of what his sub-group gets; and this is fixed by the law of group distribution—the law of market value. Market value, however, depends on the relative quantities of the different articles that are produced; and this is saying that it depends on comparative group production. We are, then, still within the more general science of production when we thus try to trace to its causes the income of the sub-group from which the shoemaker's wages are taken. When we have discovered the influences that act on the sub-group's income, we must see why the shoemaker's share of that income is two dollars a day. This will take us into a further study of specific production. We shall have to find out, first, whether the man's pay tends to equal what he separately produces; and, secondly, what fixes the amount that he is able to produce. This is the study of distribution in its final stage, but it is also a study of production. We have, then, studied in part each of the four traditional subjects except consumption, in investigating the causes of the two dollar wage for the shoemaker's labor; and yet we have been, all the while, within the subject of social production.
Consumption alone remains an individualistic process. We produce our food coöperatively, but we eat it each one for himself. Society makes our clothing, builds our houses, etc.; but when we get our clothes, we wear them without assistance; and we dwell under our roofs in the same independent way. Society, however, reacts on our natures, and changes and multiplies our wants. A desire to associate with others, while consumption is going on, may even give a kind of collectivity to the process by which some products are used. Thus, we enjoy dining together; and we listen to music and addresses in assemblies, getting a part of our pleasure from the presence of others; but there is no coöperation in the consumption of goods that resembles what takes place in the production of them. There is no obvious group system, and no coöperation of agents such as labor and capital. It is to the sensibilities of individuals that products address themselves; and therefore consumption is the individualistic part of social economy.
If we look, then, at the relations of man to man, we find that production and consumption are not on the same plane. One is a collective operation: it is nothing, if not organized. The other is an individualistic operation: it consists in the using by each man of what society, by its intricate system of production, has made for him. In an accurate sense, the one process is a part of social economy and the other is not.
If we look at the relations of man to nature, we find that production and consumption are entirely coördinate,—that one of them is the reversal of the other. Man acts on nature in the one case, and nature acts on man in the other. Cultivate the earth till it gives you food, and you have produced a kind of wealth by acting on nature; but the food restores your wasted tissues and your lost energy by acting on you. Man making wealth and wealth making man constitute the whole economic operation. Humanity takes the active and aggressive attitude in the former part of the process, and it takes the passive and recipient attitude in the latter part. In the simplest mode of living these two processes are the only ones that take place. A primitive man, living alone, would kill game and eat it; he would make clothing and wear it; he would build a hut and live in it: in short, he would act on nature and let nature react on him, and that would constitute the whole of his economy. He would have nothing to do with exchange and distribution. This, indeed, is all that an economic society does, if we consider it only as a unit. It produces its food, its clothing, its shelter and its myriad of articles of comfort and luxury; and then it uses them. It produces them in an organized way, indeed, and it uses them in an unorganized way. Incidental to the making of them are the trading and sharing processes that are termed exchange and distribution; but production and consumption still exhaust the whole economy: there is no phenomenon of wealth that lies outside of them.
These are the facts to be recognized in entering on the study of distribution. In carrying that study to completion we cannot get outside of the field of social production, and we cannot avoid including within our more limited field the subject of exchange. Value is the chief subject that has customarily been treated in the division of exchange; but the theory of value and that of group distribution are one and the same.
Notes for this chapter
An article is not finished, in the economic sense, till the retail merchant has found the customer whose needs it satisfies. The sale of completed articles is thus the terminal act of social production.
End of Notes
Return to top | <urn:uuid:abef715e-c6a3-4a46-87c2-fc28ccfe289c> | 2013-05-21T17:30:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Internal organization relies heavily on psychological consistency requirements. This perspective has been emphasized in modern compensation theory, but has not been extended to organization theory. The idea is developed by starting from Williamson's discussion of idiosyncratic exchange. The perspective sheds new light on several topics in the theory of the firm, like the boundaries of the firm (Williamson's puzzle), the importance of fairness concerns within firms, the attenuation of incentives, or the role of routines. It implies a perceptional theory of the firm that is realistic in the sense advocated by COASE . | <urn:uuid:bd06c4f4-ff3d-4fea-a43b-f2af919e9d90> | 2013-05-21T17:30:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Wednesday, July 01, 2009
A day in the life of the internet.
Chris Anderson launched a book 'Free' recently - which has to be bought, of course.
(all of them worth a read)
As I read through these, a question came to my mind on a conversation I recently had with a Mac user in India. If it were not for piracy (well, almost free) would (see comment here) Microsoft still dominate the market as it does today? Assembled computers, pirated software have all played an (unacknowledged?) part in Indias (half) tech revolution. And many of those early pirate users have invested in the original. And India remains a largely untapped market for Mac.
Question: If it were not for rampant piracy of Microsoft in the 90s, would Microsoft still rule India? The difference in architecture is significant, but would India have been Linux country if there were "no" piracy? (Questions about Google cloud notwithstanding. Yes, Linux exists, but it is still far from significant.) | <urn:uuid:70c569c6-ef94-4451-aac5-8ab8371f338c> | 2013-05-21T17:16:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Editor's note: Each month, Inside the Middle East takes you behind the headlines to see a different side of this diverse region.
London (CNN) -- The tumultuous months since January 2011 have confronted Egyptians with uncertainty, triumph and despair on an almost daily basis.
But for one Cairo-based artist, the violence, disruptions and ambiguities of the revolution have also inspired a burst of unprecedented productivity.
Cairo, Year One -- Nermine Hammam's first solo show in the United Kingdom -- contains just a portion of the work she has produced in reckoning with the upheaval reshaping her country.
"Any artist, wherever they are, responds to their surroundings," she said. "It just happens to be that what is happening here is a revolution."
The year following the revolution saw her produce five different bodies of work -- combining elements of photography and painting -- incorporating images from the 70,000 or so snapshots she has taken of events in Tahrir Square and the surrounding neighborhoods.
"I have never done five bodies of work over such a short period, I don't think many people have," she said. "I was responding to each and every feeling I was getting, because everything is moving very quickly. One day you think there's no hope, the next you think there's a lot."
Hammam initially went out every day with her camera, "plunging" herself into Tahrir to document the turmoil playing out around her: "The army, the people taking care of the people on the street."
After that, she said, "when the police were beating up people in the street," she turned to sourcing images of the revolution from the internet. She placed the images incongruously against utopian, postcard scenes from nature -- mountains, flowers and green fields -- or against backdrops modeled on the stylized landscapes of traditional Japanese screens.
Her goal with some of the works was to "conjure harmony" and hope, she said.
Hammam said the momentous events of the revolution were something every Egyptian artist would be drawn to address in their own way, either explicitly or implicitly.
"If other artists haven't yet, they will," she said. "Even if they don't do it directly, psychologically things will change."
But she added that it was too early to say whether the revolution would trigger a lasting artistic revival in her homeland.
Hammam's work was censored under the old regime -- "I took some pictures of the state-run mental asylum and they didn't like that," she said -- and she believed it remained to be seen whether there would be greater space in the new Egypt for artistic expression.
"Maybe perhaps now things will be different; maybe the idea of democracy will allow people to express how they feel," she said. "But for the time being, we have no clue."
The exhibition runs until August 24 at the Mosaic Rooms, London.
Follow the Inside the Middle East team on Twitter. Presenter Rima Maktabi: @rimamaktabi, producer Jon Jensen: @jonjensen, producer Schams Elwazer: @SchamsCNN, writer Tim Hume: @tim_hume and digital producer Mairi Mackay: @mairicnn. | <urn:uuid:19b8b43b-70c1-450c-b2ed-2b984480ef23> | 2013-05-21T17:11:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Medal of Honor recipient declines invitation to State of the Union
February 12, 2013 -- Updated 1725 GMT (0125 HKT)
Former Staff Sgt. Clint Romesha is awarded the Medal of Honor by President Obama Monday.
- Clint Romesha was invited by the first lady to attend the State of the Union speech
- He said it was an honor, but he wants to spend the evening with former Army buddies
- It's also his 13th wedding anniversary, Romesha says
- He was awarded the Medal of Honor Monday by the president
(CNN) -- The former Army staff sergeant who was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Barack Obama Monday is declining the first lady's invitation to be her guest at Tuesday's State of the Union address.
Clint Romesha, who was awarded the prestigious medal for uncommon valor in Afghanistan, told CNN that he has decided to spend the evening with friends from his former unit, Black Knight Troop, 3-61 CAV, his wife Tammy -- with whom he celebrates a wedding anniversary Tuesday -- and their families.
"It's such a great honor to be invited to the State of the Union," Romesha, 31, told CNN. "I really feel bad about not being able to go. But a lot of these guys I haven't seen a really long time and I'd like to hang with them just a little bit more."
Romesha said he also wants "to be there with the family, especially on the 13th wedding anniversary of me and Tammy," his high school sweetheart.
Obama honors soldier's heroics
Little boy steals show at medal ceremony
"I've done some soul searching," he said. "As much as a great honor it would be to be a guest of the first lady, it's also kind of hard to break away from the friends and the family and all the great guys here" from Black Knight Troop, who have come to Washington for the Medal of Honor events. "I just need to spend a little more time with them."
Opinion: Clint Romesha, the bravest of the brave
Romesha has always been a reluctant hero, uncomfortable in the spotlight and eager to share credit with his fellow troops. After the ceremony Monday, Romesha briefly spoke to reporters on the White House grounds, where he was overcome with emotion.
"I stand here with mixed emotions of both joy and sadness for me today," he said. "I don't think I'm much different than Medal of Honor recipients Sergeant First Class Petry and former Staff Sergeant Giunta and feeling conflicted with this medal I now wear. But joy comes from recognition for us doing our jobs as soldiers on distant battlefields, but is countered by the constant reminder of the loss of our battle buddies, my battle buddies, my soldiers, my friends."
Romesha said he accepted "this tremendous honor on behalf of all soldiers who have served with me that day."
"This award is for the eight soldiers that didn't make it and for the rest of the team that fought valiantly and magnificently that day. I will forever be humbled by their bravery, their commitment to service and their loyalty to one another."
Excerpt: 'The Outpost'
Part of complete coverage on
Medal of Honor recipients
May 17, 2013 -- Updated 1637 GMT (0037 HKT)
President Obama awards the Medal of Honor to former Army Staff Sgt. Clint Romesha for his efforts in Afghanistan.
February 12, 2013 -- Updated 1528 GMT (2328 HKT)
His eyes moist and lower lip trembling, Clint Romesha nodded haltingly at family, comrades, military brass and the president standing to applaud him for receiving the nation's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor.
February 8, 2013 -- Updated 0646 GMT (1446 HKT)
It's not often that someone you know and consider a friend is awarded the Medal of Honor.
May 2, 2013 -- Updated 0054 GMT (0854 HKT)
Former Army Staff Sgt. Clint Romesha is known for his valor, but he admits to Jake Tapper that all he feels is guilt.
February 7, 2013 -- Updated 1518 GMT (2318 HKT)
Read an excerpt from CNN anchor and chief Washington correspondent Jake Tapper's book, "The Outpost," detailing Romesha's time in Afghanistan.
February 7, 2013 -- Updated 2210 GMT (0610 HKT)
CNN's Jake Tapper debuts An American Hero: The Uncommon Valor of Clint Romesha Thurs., 2/7 at 10 p.m. ET.
May 17, 2012 -- Updated 0105 GMT (0905 HKT)
Rose Mary Sabo Brown spent just 30 days with her new husband, Army Spec. Leslie Sabo Jr., before he shipped out to fight in Vietnam. But from that month together in 1969 grew a lifetime of love.
In most cases when a soldier does something extraordinarily brave in battle, it happens in a matter of moments. But to reward that bravery often takes years.
Since 1863, it has been awarded the bravest soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines and Coast Guardsmen.
Readers share their thoughts on what actions call for a Medal of Honor.
Today's five most popular stories | <urn:uuid:df55cabd-3273-48c3-b81d-15ee6292015b> | 2013-05-21T17:18:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Today's starting point? Atlanta. Destination? Florida. Although the family in "A Good Man is Hard to Find" lives in Atlanta, their journey to Florida takes them along the relatively new highways of the 1950s, including rural country roads.
The following images of Georgia highways and rural roads can give you a better idea of highway and country road travel. Though these images are from the 1930s and 1940s, the highways and rural roads would have been similar to those described in "A Good Man is Hard to Find." At the EDSITEment-reviewed American Memory website's Farm Security Administration-Office of War Information Collection, examine the following images (found by searching keywords: "Georgia highways"):
Now view the following images (found by searching "rural roads Georgia"):
Next turn to the EDSITEment-reviewed Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History's virtual exhibition America on the Move. Explore in particular the following sections of the exhibition:
You are looking out the window of the sedan when the grandmother points out "the cute little pickaninny!" This is an offensive, slang term to describe an African-American child. The grandmother also users other terms that are considered quite offensive to us, even though they were quite common for her generation. Consider the following questions, keeping in mind the historical context of O'Connor's story, before examining some of the websites listed below:
While the grandmother's racial views seem outdated and racist to us now, O'Connor's story reflects the complex and difficult relationships of the 1950s South. Change was afoot not only in terms of race, but also in terms of gender, as roles for and stereotypes of women are evolving at this time as well.
Go to the EDSITEment-reviewed American Memory Project and examine the following images:
In her essay "The Catholic Novelist in the Protestant South," Flannery O'Connor writes: "I think it is safe to say that while the South is hardly Christ-centered, it is most certainly Christ-haunted." Let's continue our journey through the "Christ-haunted" South. The plot of "A Good Man is Hard to Find" ultimately is about being saved, literally and figuratively, along a rural Southern road. Let's explore images of "Christ-haunted" Georgia from the era between the Depression and WWII. Visit the EDSITEment-reviewed Library of Congress American Memory's "America from the Great Depression to WWII" Collection and browse these images: | <urn:uuid:c851da1b-2cb2-43bb-a672-c83b7d785659> | 2013-05-21T17:18:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Discussions about eggcorns and related topics
You are not logged in.
Registrations are temporarily closed as we're receiving a steady stream of registration spam.
Anyone who wishes to register, please email me at chris dot waigl at gmail dot com with the desired username and a valid email address, and I will register you manually.
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Chris -- 2011-03-08
Yesterday I heard someone use the word “enthrilled” in place of “enthralled.” Makes sense—“enthrall” is often used figuratively to describe the entrainment of delight (“I was enthralled by the performance.”) and the orientation could be described as a thrill.
“Enthrill” is not a current English word. It appears often enough, though, that dictionaries should consider it.
: “I’m truly enthrilled by seeing the amount of new singers he has used. ”
: “Van Damme, enthrilled by the sales and the feedback he got from REGENERATION, will agree to star in the sequel, this time with more screen-time.”
: “Audiophiles, gamers, digital media enthusiasts, and users with home recording studios will gonna be enthrilled by the Velocity ProMagix MSX with Dolby Master Studio” | <urn:uuid:2dcee1fc-ff41-475a-b21c-143589def00f> | 2013-05-21T17:44:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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An Afghan resistance fighter
On Christmas Eve, 1979, Soviet Antonov transport planes began landing at the airport in Kabul, capital of Afghanistan, disgorging tanks and trucks and thousands of troops. Meanwhile, MI-6 and MI-8 helicopters ferried in several thousand elite commandos, some of whom, led by Colonel Boyarinov, head of the KGB's Department 8 (Special Ops), stormed the presidential palace. President Hafizullah Amin was entertaining a young lady in a sitting room; both Amin and his guest were gunned down. Within hours the entire city was under Soviet control. The radio station, airport, and other key locations had been secured. Four motorized infantry and armored divisions crossed the Afghan-Soviet border, negotiating the Hindu-Kush, a formidable range of mountains that for centuries had been a barrier to invasion from the north -- until the Soviets built the Salang Highway through it. In a matter of days all the major Afghan towns had been seized by the Soviet invaders.
Barbak Karmal was installed as the new president, and the USSR quickly executed numerous trade and economic agreements with the puppet government. The KGB revamped the Afghan secret police, renamed the KHAD, which promptly embarked on a bloody reign of terror in which torture and mass executions became commonplace. By early 1980 nearly 30,000 people had been killed in the Poli Charki concentration camp alone -- many of them doctors, teachers, diplomats and other members of the educated elite. Soviet troops and units of the Afghan army committed untold atrocities in the years to come in order to cement their control over a rebellious populace. The result: By 1986 over four million Afghans had fled the country, an almost unprecendented mass exodus. (One study shows that since there were 10 million displaced persons worldwide, this meant that nearly one out of every two refugees on the planet at that time was an Afghan.) By mid-decade, only 10 million people remained in Afghanistan, a nation of 15 million back in 1978.
Russian imperialism in that region had a long history. In the 19th century, Czarist Russia competed with its chief rival, Great Britain, for control of the area, a rivalry historians have described as The Great Game. The British sought to protect their rich Indian empire. The Czars wanted to expand their empire to the shores of the Indian Ocean. After World War II the task of curtailing Russian expansionism fell to the United States. In the early decades of the Cold War, the U.S. and the USSR competed for Afghanistan's favor with economic aid and development. "The Russians built an airport for Kabul, the Americans one for Kandahar," wrote journalist Anthony Paul. "The Russians raised a massive grain elevator in Kabul, the Americans filled it with wheat. The Russians built the 66-mile Salang Highway through the Hindu Kush, the Americans countered with aid for the national airline."
But in the Sixties and Seventies, while the U.S. was bogged down in the Vietnam quagmire, the Soviets gained the upper hand. They trained young Afghan officers -- training that incorporated indoctrination in Marxist-Leninist tenets. The USSR supported the communist People's Democratic Party (PDP) in Afghanistan, and backed the April 1978 coup that ousted the neutral government of Mahammed Daoud, which was replaced by a PDP government headed first by Mohammad Taraki and then Hafizullah Amin. But Afghan mullahs (religious leaders) declared a jihad (holy war) against the pro-Soviet regime. The mujahedin resistance to communist control grew ever stronger. When it appeared that Amin would lose control of Afghanistan, the Soviets launched the invasion -- though of course they claimed an invitation had been extended by the Karrmal puppet government they installed. The mujahedin proved to be redoubtable guerrilla fighters while the Afghan regular army, weakened by several purges and riddled with pro-mujahedin factions, became a liability for the USSR, which had to commit more and more military assets to the struggle. In just 15 months the Soviet occupation force had grown to 85,000. (In a few years that number would increase to 120,000.) Arrayed against them were as many as 500,000 holy warriors. The mujahedin were poorly armed and segmented into rival factions. And yet the Russians could never legitimately claim to control more than half the country.
The Carter administration responded to the invasion with a grain embargo and a boycott of the upcoming Summer Olympics in Moscow. The president complained that Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev had deceived him, but pundits suggested that the administration had deceived itself into believing that the Kremlin was committed to the "peaceful coexistence" premise of detente. The U.S. had turned a blind eye to Russian adventurism in Africa and the Mideast that resulted in pro-Soviet regimes in Angola, Ethiopia and South Yemen. Carter had challenged the presence of a Soviet combat brigade in Cuba -- and then backed down. He had initially urged cuts in defense spending in spite of an unprecedented military buildup by the USSR, while curtailing military and economic aid to friendly countries threatened by Soviet-backed Marxist insurgencies. Experts feared that the Afghanistan invasion was just the first step in a Soviet campaign to control the approaches to the oil-rich Persian Gulf, with an eye to executing a stranglehold on oil exports essential to Western industry. (In addition, Moscow predicted that by the mid-Eighties its own oil production would be insufficient to meets its demands as well as those of its Eastern Block satellites.) Members of Saudi Arabia's royal family were not alone in their conviction that the next target of the Soviets after Afghanistan was Iran.
Although the CIA and the Pentagon believed that the Afghan resistance would eventually be crushed by the Soviet military, the Reagan administration was far more active in support of the mujahedin than the Carter team had been. CIA Director William Casey took the lead. (The State Department lagged behind in its enthusiasm for the Afghan cause; though the courage of the mujahedin was admired, said one diplomat, it was "like being a fan of the Cleveland Indians -- why get your hopes up?") Casey and the CIA became active in providing logistical and economic support to Pakistan, which struggled to provide for 3.5 million Afghan refugees. While the CIA did not usually get involved in humanitarian efforts, Casey's theory was that the Afghan men would not fight the Soviets unless they knew their families were being provided for. The British (Afghan Aid UK) and the French (Medicin Sans Frontier) helped with food, medicine, shelter -- and intelligence links for the resistance. But by 1988, 90 percent of the funding for all foreign aid groups was being provided by the U.S., funneled through the United Nations or the United States Agency for International Development.
The U.S. was also engaged in providing weapons to the mujahedin. In 1980-81 the CIA purchased Soviet weapons from the Egyptians -- some $50 million worth -- and funneled them to the resistance groups with Pakistan's cooperation. This armament proved to be of poor quality, so the CIA found new sources. By 1985 the agency was supplying the mujahedin via three conduits: Arms purchased on the international market with Saudi funds were flown into Islamanad, Pakistan; more weapons were airlifted in from China; contributions from Egypt, Britain and Israel arrived by sea at the port of Karachi. Moving 65,000 tons of war materiel annually, the CIA operation became, according to Peter Schweizer, "one of the most extensive and sophisticated covert operations in history." It was also the largest covert war in American history, costing $100 million a year. Thanks in large part to the efforts of Casey, heavier weapons, including 122-mm rocket launchers and SAM-7 (surface-to-air) missiles went into the pipeline, while the CIA supplied spy satellite images to assist the mujahedin in their campaigns. The CIA encouraged the resistance to focus their efforts on northern provinces, in particular to target the oil and gas facilies as well as copper, iron and gold mines the Russians were exploiting, extracting those resources and transporting them to the Soviet Union while paying ridiculously low prices -- or nothing at all -- for them. The CIA also tried to pave the way for increased cooperation between the rival resistance groups. The agency trained thousands of holy warriors. The American goal was summarized by one Pakistani official who pointed out that the Soviets had "kept the Vietcong supplied with hardware to kill . . . Americans. So the United States would now do the same for the mujahedin so they could kill Soviets. This view was prevalent among CIA officials, particularly William Casey." By early 1983, estimates placed Soviet casualties in Afghanistan at between 12,000 and 15,000.
In time the Kremlin began to contemplate dividing Afghanistan, annexing the northern half. Casey proposed turning the situation to the West's advantage by stirring up ethnic dissent in the heavily -Islamic southern republics of the USSR. The CIA purchased several hundred rubber Zodiak boats to transfer propaganda and mujahedin raiders across the Amu River into Uzbekistan. Meanwhile, CIA-trained resistance fighters conducted bombings and ambushed Soviet leaders in Kabul. The National Security Agency recast its electronic eavesdropping assets to concentrate on Afghanistan. A KH-11 spy satellite was redirected out of standard orbit to gather more intel on Soviet activities, which included night assaults against mujahedin strongholds by elite Spesnatz commandos. The freedom fighters were supplied with advanced burst communicators which enhanced coordination of resistance operations while making their communications virtually undetectable by the enemy.
Despite a Soviet offensive that year, 1985 saw the mujahedin achieve some stunning victories. Commander Ahmad Shah Massoud, the Lion of the Panjshir Valley, seized heavily defended Peshgohor. Mujahedin raids forced the Soviets to abandon Kandahar airfield. A major pipeline moving Afghan natural gas to the USSR was repeatedly sabotaged. Limpet mines supplied by British military intelligence (MI6) were used to send Soviet transport barges to the bottom of the Amu River. And in 1986 the Reagan administration provided the Afghan resistance with Stingers, the best surface-to-air missiles in the world. "When we start knocking $20 million planes out of the sky," Casey assured his aides, "the Kremlin will get nervous." Soviet pilots surely did -- the mujahedin became so skilled in the use of the Stingers that Russian airmen sometimes refused to fly combat missions. The CIA-mujahedin operation designed to encourage anti-Soviet nationalism in the USSR's Central Asian republics met with success, too. On 8 February 1988, Mikhail Gorbachev announced that Soviet forces would be withdrawn from Afghanistan. An aggressive American policy and the daring of defiant Afghan freedom fighters had turned the tide. Afghanistan had become the Soviet Union's Vietnam -- and the ten-year debacle contributed in no small measure to the collapse of the USSR.
Atrocities in Afghanistan
"There are no human rights in Afghanistan." This was the conclusion of a team from the U.S. Helsinki Watch Committee that interviewed more than 100 Afghan refugees in September 1984. "They tied them up and piled them like wood," said a doctor who saw the Soviets punish an entire village after Afghan troops defected. "Then they poured gasoline over them and burned them alive. They were old and young, men, women and children. Forty people were killed." A resistance leader spoke of two old, blind men who stayed behind when a village was abandoned. "The Russians tied dynamite to their backs and blew them up." Another described how Russians held a child over a fire while questioning Afghan villagers about the mujahedin. In 1985, Soviet troops encircled five villages in northern Afghanistan, entered every house, and killed 600 civilians, including women and children, before putting the houses to the torch. Such atrocities were commonplace, and the devastation wrought by the Soviets resulted in near-famine conditions in many provinces; infant mortality caused by malnutrition reached 85 percent in the Panjsher Valley in 1985.
Soviet tanks rolling into Afghanistan
"Agony in Afghanistan"
Jean-Francois Revel & Rosanne Klass, National Review (4 October 1985)
"The Real Stakes in Afghanistan"
William E. Griffith, Reader's Digest (June 1980)
"Report From Afghanistan: Will We Hear Their Cry?"
Anthony Paul, Reader's Digest (April 1981)
Afghanistan: Soviet Vietnam
Vladislav Tamarov (San Francisco: Mercury House, 1992)
Among the Afghans
Arthur Bonner (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1987)
Caught in the Crossfire
Jan Goodwin (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1987)
Holy War, Unholy Victory:Eyewitness to the CIA's Secret War in Afghanistan
Kurt Lohbeck (Washington DC: Regnery Gateway, 1993)
Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State
George P. Shultz (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1993)
Victory: The Reagan Administration's Secret Strategy that Hastened the Collapse of the Soviet Union
Peter Schweizer (new York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1984) | <urn:uuid:4530862d-1614-442f-a11c-5e683de9f694> | 2013-05-21T17:10:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ferrari sign Fisichella for remainder of season
It has been confirmed this afternoon that Giancarlo Fisichella has been released from his contract with Force India to join Ferrari for the remainder of the season, starting next weekend with the Italian Grand Prix.
"I am very grateful to Vijay Mallya for allowing me this opportunity to drive for the Scuderia Ferrari," said Fisichella. "It is true that it has always been an ambition to do this, and for Vijay to have allowed it to become a reality is very generous. I hope in my turn I have helped Force India grow up and be on the right path to achieve their own ambitions. They are now a very competitive team and I wish them all the very best."
With Felipe Massa, currently recovering from injuries sustained in Hungary, out of action for the remainder of the season, and test driver Luca Badoer failing to shine at both Valencia and Spa Francorchamps, the Italian team were left with little alternative other than to look elsewhere.
"Giancarlo and his management team approached me yesterday with the proposal from Ferrari," stated Force India team principal Vijay Mallya. "For any Italian driver, a Ferrari race seat is a long-held dream and for Giancarlo it was no exception. No one should stand in the way of this.
"Furthermore the agreement will secure Giancarlo's long-term future with Ferrari and it would be incorrect to jeopardise this, particularly when Giancarlo has made such a vital contribution to Force India.
Ferrari team principal Stefano Domenicali was keen to praise the outgoing Badoer as well as welcoming Fisichella to the Italian team.
"We have chosen Fisichella because we can expect him to make a valuable contribution in this final part of the season," said Domenicali. "Giancarlo has shown, throughout his long career that he is fast and competitive and we are therefore proud to be able to run an Italian driver in our home race."
For Badoer, his final two Grand Prix were something of a 'thank you' from Ferrari for his long standing service to the team as test driver. "We wish to thank Luca Badoer for the team spirit he demonstrated in these circumstances," said Domenicali. "It is a shame he was unable to show his true worth in these last two races, tackled under conditions which anyone would have found difficult."
Ferrari is third in the constructors' championship and heading to its home race at Monza and will be looking to extend their 12 points cushion over the recovering McLaren Mercedes team.
Force India is expected to promote test driver Tonio Liuzzi to the race team in place of Fisichella with an announcement "in the coming days".
© ESPN EMEA Ltd.
Products you might like at espnshop.co.uk | <urn:uuid:ab9d4b38-31c9-4609-8dbb-d3ae2448eac6> | 2013-05-21T17:15:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hmm . . . this raises an issue that has doubtless come up before. Just what order do we use for related terms, particularly when there are many of them?
My original list was mostly grouped by sense, e.g., checkbook was near "bounce a check" -- or at least I meant it to be. Frankly, I can't discern any order in the new arrangement, but I'm sure there is one.
- It doesn't matter
- Group by meaning, somewhat subjectively
- Use alphabetical order
It's rather like organizing ones CD collection . . . alpha by artist? By genre/sub-genre/sub-sub-genre? by affinity? just throw 'em on the shelf?
-dmh 07:14, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- I disagree. I always arrange related terms by a type of alphabetical order but preffering single words and preferring terms which begin with the exact form taken by the entry:
- word a
- word b
- word c
- a word
- b word
- c word
- Also if it's clear which sense a term is related to (or if I've read the etymology), I'll put a 4th level "related" section under that sense just before the translations. If I can't tell then I put a 3rd level "related" section as the last section in the particular language. &mdash Hippietrail 07:28, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- I'm not sure we have a disagreement here. The arrangement you give is perfectly sensible, but I wouldn't have guessed it just by looking. My poor brain only got as far as "Hmm . . . not alphabetical . . . checkbook is completely separate from "bounce a check" . . . um, I give up."
- In any case, I don't see this as a major issue. Much more important to get the terms in there in the first place. I expect that this will be yet another case of early experimentation followed by consensus and standardization. I don't have a strong opinion in this case. I'm glad to go along with whatever consensus emerges and I'm not bothered if anyone wants to reorder any of the "related terms" lists in order to reach said consensus. basketball would be another good place -- that list will get longer, as well.
- Finally, the general pattern of fourth-level subheads where applicable and third-level as a default is a good one IMHO, applicable to related terms, synonyms, alternate spellings, translations, and probably other categories. -dmh 15:00, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)
check if vs. check whether
Are both versions possible? If so, what is the difference between the two? When would each be used - do you have any examples? I have an example from the computer field: check if a field is empty or check whether a field is empty? Thanks from a non-native English speaker! Bernburgerin 14:59, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
- To me, both are possible, but check whether sounds more formal and erudite, while check if sounds informal and colloquial. The use of check if can sometimes be ambiguous, and it could mean check whether OR if such-and-such is true, then put a check mark. Check whether is unambiguous. —Stephen 01:23, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
The etymology section links to a page that has been deleted, and it doesn't make very much sense without that page, we either need to undo the delete or give a longer explanation in this word's entry.
- Are you referring to چک? If so, that wasn’t deleted, it was misspelled. —Stephen 20:49, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
etymology of check
What was the path by which the Persian word for check entered English, especially with the current meaning, as in checking account. When did the Persian word assume that meaning? Most sources show a flow from Anglo-Norman through Middle English, with the bank check sense not much earlier that 1700. DCDuring TALK 21:10, 4 December 2009 (UTC)
- The chess connection may be somewhat earlier (see w:History of Chess). Chess apparently reached Europe from two directions, and came to be associated etymologically with the Persian shah, "king" (see checkmate). See also "check" and "cheque" at etymonline. Pingku 14:46, 13 December 2009 (UTC)
We should add an interjection sense for check. Used when ticking this off in the checklist in our head
- Swimsuit? Check. Goggles? Check. Sun hat? Check. Sunblock? Check. Beach shoes? Check. OK, I'm all ready for my beach holiday!
You're not ready, you forgot your happy face! :D 22.214.171.124 21:36, 20 July 2010 (UTC)
English verb sense 5 & 6
Is 6 not the same as 5? 126.96.36.199 18:05, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
- Hmm. I'm not sure about this. It seems that if you check your coat in (sense 5) then you are expecting someone to look after it while you do something (e.g. attend a concert) and then to collect it from the same place when you've finished. If you check your bags before a flight (in British English I'd actually suggest it should be check in) then you are expecting someone to look after them while they transport them (and you) to somewhere else, where you will retrieve them afterwards. I'm not certain whether that's enough for a separate sense or not - more opinions needed! Thryduulf (talk) 18:44, 18 July 2010 (UTC)
I'm not sure what this phrase means, but it's usage does not seem to be mentioned here. I found it in James Joyce's book Dubliners, in the first short story, "The Sisters". It seems to mean something like "surprised." --Cromwellt|Talk|Contribs 08:30, 15 August 2010 (UTC) | <urn:uuid:975153a0-d737-4c66-9b9c-1d784dc09677> | 2013-05-21T17:38:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ecuador claims UK prepared to raid London embassy to catch Assange
Ecuador said on Wednesday the British government had threatened to raid its embassy in London if WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange is not handed over, and that Quito would make its decision on his asylum request on Thursday.
Today we've received a threat by the United Kingdom, a clear and written threat that they could storm our embassy in London if Ecuador refuses to hand in Julian Assange, Ecuadorean Foreign Minister Ricardo Patiño told reporters.
We are not a British colony, he added in an angry statement after a meeting with President Rafael Correa.
Ecuador will announce its decision regarding Assange's asylum request on Thursday at 7 a.m. (1200 GMT), he added, amid media speculation that the government has already decided to grant Assange asylum.
Former computer hacker Assange, who enraged Washington in 2010 when his WikiLeaks website published secret US diplomatic cables, is wanted in Sweden to face trial for rape.
Assange has been taking refuge in the Ecuadorean embassy in London since June 19. The Australian anti-secrecy campaigner says he fears he could be bundled to the United States where his life would be at risk.
Even if Ecuador gives him asylum, it is difficult to see how the WikiLeaks boss could physically leave the closely watched embassy and head to an airport without being arrested by British police.
Update Aug 17.2012 2pm GMT.
WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange has been granted asylum in Ecuador, Ecuadorian Foreign Minister Ricardo Patiño says.
Assange has been at the Ecuadorian Embassy in London since June. He wants to avoid being sent to Sweden to face sexual assault allegations. | <urn:uuid:1e4fb8e0-acae-42e9-bc1a-8e0db318f21d> | 2013-05-21T17:10:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Topics I've Started
04.08.2012 @ 16:57Well I have both games but have not played or finsihed them yet...and was wondering which game is better in terms of story and characters....The Witcher 2 or Persona 4 and why? Thanks
03.08.2012 @ 16:10Well I'm watching the witcher 1 on youtube.com right now and am currently watching chapter 2 with Shani and the dwarf and the bard singing a song...Anyways is Shani in The Witcher 2 a simple yes or no would do without any spoilers...
I don't wanna know if she dies or not
01.08.2012 @ 23:58Well I heard there was a new opening, new side quests, well what else...? Thanks
01.08.2012 @ 23:56Well I'm starting to watch the cut scenes on youtube of the Witcher 1 and noticed that there is a king named Foltest...is he the same king in the 2nd game that gets assassinated? Thanks
01.08.2012 @ 19:21Well does does everyone think of this game? Any reviews you wanna post for either Witcher? I have both games....but have not played or finished them yet...I have The Witcher 1 enhanced edition on PC and The Witcher 2 on Xbox 360 dark edition
I may post my reviews after completing both games...thanks
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A Nasty Story
"A Nasty Story" (Russian: Скверный анекдот), also translated as "A Disgraceful Affair", as well as "A Most Unfortunate Incident", is a satirical short story by Fyodor Dostoyevsky concerning the escapades of a Russian civil servant.
Plot introduction
Jessie Coulson, in the introduction to a 1966 Penguin publication that includes the story, states of "A Nasty Story":
"Its theme is the terrible gulf between a man's idea of himself, his ideals, and his motives, and what they prove to be in the harsh light of reality. Its cruelty lies in the recognition that the tragedy of failure to come up to one's own expectations... is essentially comic..."
Plot summary
After drinking a bit too much with two fellow civil servants, the protagonist, Ivan Ilyich Pralinsky, expounds on his desire to embrace a philosophy based on kindness to those in lower status social positions. After leaving the initial gathering, Ivan happens upon the wedding celebration of one of his subordinates. He decides to put his philosophy into action, and so crashes the party. Many more drinks ensue, and Ivan embarrasses himself terribly while failing to gain the admiration of his "lessers", which he so desperately desires.
- Couslen, J, introduction
- Dostoevsky, Fyodor; Jessie Coulson (trans.) (1966). The Gambler/Bobok/A Nasty Story. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-044179-4.
|This short story-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.| | <urn:uuid:4335eb52-5198-46e7-ace9-001d3ed405b9> | 2013-05-21T17:12:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|A statue of Maitreya Buddha in Budai form in Emei, Hsinchu, Taiwan|
|Alternative Chinese name|
|Literal meaning||Laughing Buddha|
|Vietnamese alphabet||Bố Đại|
Budai or Pu-Tai (Chinese: 布袋; pinyin: Bùdài), or Hotei in Japanese, Bố Đại in Vietnamese, is a Chinese folkloric deity. His name means "Cloth Sack," and comes from the bag that he is conventionally depicted as carrying. He is usually identified with (or as an incarnation of) Maitreya, so much so that the Budai image is one of the main forms in which Maitreya is depicted in East Asia. He is almost always shown smiling or laughing, hence his nickname in Chinese, the Laughing Buddha (Chinese: 笑佛). Many Westerners confuse Budai with Gautama Buddha.
Budai is traditionally depicted as an obese, bald man wearing a robe and wearing or otherwise carrying prayer beads. He carries his few possessions in a cloth sack, being poor but content. He is often depicted entertaining or being followed by adoring children. His figure appears throughout Chinese culture as a representation of contentment. His image graces many temples, restaurants, amulets, and businesses.
According to Chinese history, Budai was an eccentric Chán monk (Chinese: 禅; pinyin: chán) who lived in China during the Later Liang Dynasty (907–923 CE). He was a native of Fenghua, and his Buddhist name was Qieci (Chinese: 契此; pinyin: qiècǐ; literally "Promise this"). He was considered a man of good and loving character.
The term buddha means "one who is awake", connoting one who has awakened into enlightenment. Over the history of Buddhism, there have been several notable figures who would come to be remembered as, and referred to as, buddhas. Later followers of the Chan school would come to teach that all beings possess Buddha nature within them, and are already enlightened, but have yet to realize it. This teaching would continue into Zen.
Budai is often conflated with (or simply replaces) the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, in spite of the distinct visual differences in how each has been depicted. In India, Nepal, and throughout southeast Asia, Gautama (who lived during the 6th century BCE) is commonly depicted as being tall and slender in appearance. In contrast, in China and those areas to which Chinese cultural influence spread, the depiction of Budai (who lived during the 10th century CE) is consistently short and round.
Traditions that revere Budai
Budai in folklore is admired for his happiness, plenitude, and wisdom of contentment. One belief popular in folklore maintains that rubbing his belly brings wealth, good luck, and prosperity.
Maitreya, the true Maitreya
has billions of incarnations.
Often he is shown to people at the time;
other times they do not recognize him.
The primary story that concerns Budai in Zen (Chán) is a short kōan. In it, Budai is said to travel giving candy to poor children, only asking a penny from Zen monks or lay practitioners he meets. One day a monk walks up to him and asks, "What is the meaning of Zen?" Budai drops his bag. "How does one realize Zen?" he continues. Budai then takes up his bag and continues on his way.
I Kuan Tao
Statues of Budai form a central part of I Kuan Tao shrines, where he is usually referred to by the Sanskrit name Maitreya. According to I Kuan Tao, he represents many teachings, including contentment, generosity, wisdom and open kindheartedness. He is predicted to succeed Gautama Buddha as the next Buddha, and helps people realize the essence within, which connects with all beings.
Conflation with other religious figures
Angida Arhat
Angida was one of the original eighteen Arhats of Buddhism. According to legend, Angida was a talented Indian snake catcher whose aim was to catch venomous snakes to prevent them from biting passers-by. Angida would also remove the snake's venomous fangs and release them. Due to his kindness, he was able to attain bodhi.
In Chinese art, Angida is sometimes portrayed as Budai, being rotund, laughing, and carrying a bag. In Nepali, he is also called hasne buddha ("laughing Buddha").
Phra Sangkajai / Phra Sangkachai
In Thailand, Budai is sometimes confused with another similar monk widely respected in Thailand, Phra Sangkajai or Sangkachai (Thai: พระสังกัจจายน์). Phra Sangkajai, a Thai rendering of Maha Kaccana or Mahakaccayanathera (Thai: มหากัจจายนเถระ), was a Buddhist Arhat (in Sanskrit) or Arahant (in Pali) during the time of the Lord Buddha. Lord Buddha praised Phra Sangkadchai for his excellence in explaining sophisticated dharma (or dhamma) in an easily and correctly understandable manner. Phra Sangkajai (Maha Kaccana) also composed the Madhupinadika Sutra (Madhupindika Sutta MN 18).
One tale of the Thai folklore relates that he was so handsome that once even a man wanted him for a wife. To avoid a similar situation, Phra Sangkadchai decided to transform himself into a fat monk. Another tale says he was so attractive that angels and men often compared him with the Buddha. He considered this inappropriate, so disguised himself in an unpleasantly fat body.
Although both Budai and Phra Sangkajai may be found in both Thai and Chinese temples, Phra Sangkajai is found more often in Thai temples, and Budai in Chinese temples. Two points to distinguish them from one another are:
- Phra Sangkajai has a trace of hair on his head (looking similar to the Buddha's) while Budai is clearly bald.
- Phra Sangkajai wears the robes in Theravadin Buddhist fashion with the robes folded across one shoulder, leaving the other uncovered. Budai wears the robes in Chinese style, covering both arms but leaving the front part of the upper body uncovered.
- Cook, Francis Dojun. How To Raise an Ox. Wisdom Publications. pp. 166 note 76. ISBN 9780861713172.
- "The Laughing Buddha". About.com. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
- Mark Schumacher. "HOTEI God of Contentment & Happiness". Onmarkproductions.com. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
- "Hotei, Pu-Tai, Maitreya, all known as the Laughing Buddha". Newsfinder.org. 2002-06-16. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
- "The Laughing Buddha". Religionfacts.com. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
- "Hotei". Uwec.edu. 2008-11-16. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
- Stoneware figure of Budai ('Laughing Buddha') at British Museum
- "Osho talks on the fat-bellied laughing Chinese Zen Buddhist arhat named Budai". Livingworkshop.net. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
- "Tao Living: Maitreya Buddha". Taoism.net. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
- Media related to Hotei at Wikimedia Commons
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||This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2008)|
in Rockabye (1932)
|Born||Constance Campbell Bennett
October 22, 1904
New York City, New York, U.S.
|Died||July 24, 1965
Fort Dix, New Jersey, U.S.
|Spouse(s)||Chester Hirst Moorhead (m. 1921–1923)
Philip Morgan Plant (m. 1925–1929)
Henri de la Falaise (m. 1931–1940)
Gilbert Roland (m. 1941–1946)
John Theron Coulter (m. 1946–1965)
Constance Campbell Bennett (October 22, 1904 – July 24, 1965) was an American actress.
Early life
She was born in New York City, the daughter of actor Richard Bennett and actress Adrienne Morrison, whose father was the stage actor Lewis Morrison (Morris W. Morris), a performer of English, Spanish, Jewish, and African ancestry. Constance's sister, actress Joan Bennett, spoke of her famous acting family and their background in her autobiography "The Bennett Playbill." Constance's other sister was actress/dancer Barbara Bennett.
She started off with a spell in a convent but decided to go into the family business. Independent, cultured, ironic and outspoken, Constance, the first Bennett sister to enter motion pictures, appeared in New York-produced silent movies before a meeting with Samuel Goldwyn led to her Hollywood debut in Cytherea (1924).
She abandoned a burgeoning career in silents for marriage to Philip Plant in 1925; She resumed her film career after divorce, with the advent of talking pictures (1929), and with her delicate blonde features and glamorous fashion style, quickly became a popular film star.
In 1931, a short-lived contract with Metro Goldwyn Mayer earned her $300,000 for two movies which included The Easiest Way and made her one of the highest paid stars in Hollywood. The next year she moved to RKO, where she acted in What Price Hollywood? (1932), directed by George Cukor, an ironic and at the same time tragic behind-the-scenes looks at the old Hollywood studio system, in which she gave her finest performance. In this movie she is a star-struck waitress, named Mary Evans, who manages to make a good impression on a prominent film director (played by Lowell Sherman); with his patronage she becomes a movie star. While the director has some serious alcohol problems, she marries a wealthy playboy (played by Neil Hamilton), who genuinely loves his wife but is jealous of the demands made on her by her career. He leaves her, but not before Mary has been impregnated. She begins to turn her attentions to her mentor, but it is too late: he kills himself in her bedroom. Hoping to heal her emotional wounds, Mary flees to Paris with her child, where she is reunited with her contrite husband.
Bennett next showed her versatility in the likes of Our Betters (1933), Bed of Roses (1933) with Pert Kelton, The Affairs of Cellini (1934), After Office Hours (1935) with Clark Gable, the original Topper (1937, in a career standout as Marian Kerby opposite Cary Grant, a role she repeated in the 1939 sequel, Topper Takes a Trip), the ultimate madcap family comedy Merrily We Live (1938) and Two-Faced Woman (1941, supporting Greta Garbo).
By the 1940s, Bennett was working less frequently in film but was in demand in both radio and theatre. Shrewd investments had made her a wealthy woman, and she founded a cosmetics and clothing company.
After World War II
She had a major supporting role in Warner Bros.'s The Unsuspected (1947) opposite Claude Rains, in which she played the program director who helps prove that Rains is guilty of murder. She made no films from the early 1950s until 1965 when she made a comeback in the film Madame X (released posthumously in 1966) playing Lana Turner's mother-in-law. Shortly after filming was completed, Bennett collapsed and died from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 60.
In recognition of her military contributions, and as the wife of Theron John Coulter, who had achieved the rank of brigadier general, she was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Coulter died in 1995 and was buried with her.
Personal life
Bennett was married five times.
- In 1921 Bennett eloped with Chester Hirst Moorehead of Chicago, the son of a surgeon. The marriage was annulled in 1923.
- Bennett eloped with millionaire socialite Philip Morgan Plant (died 1941) in 1925; they divorced in 1929. In 1932, Bennett brought back from Europe a three-year-old child, whom she claimed to have adopted and named Peter Bennett Plant. In 1942, however, during a battle over a large trust fund established to benefit any descendants of her former husband, Bennett announced that her adopted son actually was her natural child by Plant, born after the divorce and kept hidden in order to ensure that the child's biological father did not get custody. During the court hearings, the actress told her former mother-in-law and her husband's widow that "if she got to the witness stand she would give a complete account of her life with Plant. The matter was settled out of court."
- She captured numerous headlines in 1931, when she married one of Gloria Swanson's former husbands, Henri le Bailly, the Marquis de La Coudraye de La Falaise (1898–1972), a French nobleman and film director. Bennett and de la Falaise founded Bennett Pictures Corp. and co-produced two films which were the last filmed in Hollywood in the two-strip Technicolor process, Legong: Dance of the Virgins (1935) filmed in Bali, and Kilou the Killer Tiger (1936), filmed in Indochina. They were divorced in 1940.
- In 1941, Bennett married the actor Gilbert Roland, by whom she had two daughters, Lorinda and Christina (a.k.a. Gyl). They were divorced in 1946.
- In June 1946, Bennett married US Air Force Colonel (later Brigadier General) John Theron Coulter (1912–1995). After her marriage, she concentrated her efforts on providing relief entertainment to US troops still stationed in Europe, winning military honors for her services.
- She was the aunt of Morton Downey Jr.
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François-André Danican Philidor
Portrait from L’analyze des échecs. London, second edition, 1777.
|Full name||François-André Danican Philidor|
|Born||September 7, 1726
|Died||August 31, 1795
François-André Danican Philidor (September 7, 1726 – August 31, 1795), often referred to as André Danican Philidor during his lifetime, was a French composer and chess player. He contributed to the early development of the opéra comique. He was also regarded as the best chess player of his age; his book Analyse du jeu des Échecs was considered a standard chess manual for at least a century, and a well-known chess opening and a checkmate method are both named after him.
Musical family
François-André Danican Philidor came from a well-known musical family, which included:
- Jean Danican Philidor (c. 1620–79), André Danican Philidor's grandfather, was a musician at the Grande Écurie (literally, the Great Stable; figuratively, the Military Band) in Paris. The original name of his family was Danican (D'Anican) and was of Scottish origin (Duncan). Philidor was a later addition to the family name. Jean Danican Philidor was given the nickname of Philidor by Louis XIII because his oboe playing reminded the king of an Italian virtuoso oboist coming from Siena named Filidori.
- Michel Danican (died c. 1659), André Danican Philidor's great-uncle, was a renowned oboist and, together with Jean Hotteterre, coinvented the oboe by modifying the shawm so that the bore was narrower and the reed near could be held near the end by the player's lips.
- André Danican Philidor (c. 1647–1730), François-André Danican Philidor's father, was also known as Philidor l'ainé (Philidor the Elder). He was an oboist and crumhorn player. He was a member of the Grande Écurie military band and later performed at the Court, at the Royal Chapel, in the employ of Louis XIV.
- Jacques Danican Philidor (1657–1708) was the younger brother of André Danican Philidor (Philidor the Elder) and, being a musician, too, was logically known as Philidor le cadet (Philidor the Younger).
- Pierre Danican Philidor (1681–1731), also a musician, was the son of Jacques Danican Philidor.
- Anne Danican Philidor (1681–1728) was François-André Danican Philidor's oldest brother. Anne Danican Philidor is best remembered today for having founded the Concert Spirituel, an important series of public concerts held in the palace of the Tuileries from 1725 to 1791.
François-André Danican Philidor was born to his father’s second wife, Elizabeth Le Roy, whom he wed in 1719 when she was 19 years old and he 72. When François-André was born, his father was 79 years old; he died 4 years later and left his son fatherless.
Music career
Philidor joined the royal choir of Louis XV in 1732 at the age of six, and made his first attempt at the composition of a song at the age of 11. It was said that Louis XV wanted to listen to the choir almost every day, and the singers, while waiting for the king to arrive, played chess to relieve their boredom; this may have sparked Philidor's interest in chess.
From around 1740 he lived and worked in Paris as a performer, teacher and music copyist. He was the teacher of the Bohemian composer and pianist Ludwig Wenzel Lachnith. During this time he met Diderot, who calls him 'Philidor le subtil' in Le neveu de Rameau. He spent much of the period 1745–54 in London after a concert tour of the Netherlands collapsed, and moved in the same circles as Dr Johnson and Dr Burney. He returned to the French capital in 1754, although his music was found by some to be too Italianate (as a result of his travels). However he scored several triumphs at the fair theatres, starting with Blaise le savetier in 1759. His three most successful works were Le sorcier (1764), Tom Jones (after Henry Fielding, 1765), and Ernelinde (1767).
For a time Philidor was among the leading opera composers in France, and during his musical career produced over 20 opéras comiques and two tragédies-lyriques. He also wrote secular cantatas and motets.
Chess career
Philidor started playing regularly around 1740 at the chess Mecca of France, the Café de la Régence. It was also there that he famously played with a friend from 'New England', Mr. Benjamin Franklin. The best player in France at the time, Legall de Kermeur, taught him. At first, Legall could give Philidor rook odds, a handicap in which the stronger player starts without one of his rooks, but in only three years, Philidor was his equal, and then surpassed him. Philidor visited England in 1747 and decisively beat the Syrian Phillip Stamma in a match +8 =1 −1, despite the fact Philidor let Stamma have White in every game, and scored all draws as wins for Stamma. The same year, Philidor played many games with another strong player, Sir Abraham Janssen, who was then the best player in England, and with the exception of M. de Legalle, probably the best player Philidor ever encountered. He could win on an average one game in four off Philidor, at even terms; and Philidor himself declared that he could only give to Janssen the pawn for the move.
In 1754, Philidor returned to France, after nine years of absence spent mostly in Holland and England. He was now a much stronger player, having successfully played with opponents of the calibre of Philip Stamma and Abraham Janssen, but, as G. Allen reports in The life of Philidor, it was not until his match with de Legal in 1755 that he can be considered the strongest player in the world.
When Philidor left Paris, in 1745, although he had for some time been playing even games with M. de Legal... he had not ceased to recognize his old master as still his master and superior. But nine years of practice, with a great variety of players, had authorized him to look for neither superior nor equal; and when, in 1755, a match was arranged between the pupil and his master, who was still at the height of his strength, the result placed the crown firmly and indisputably upon the head of Philidor.
In 1771 and 1773 Philidor made brief stays in London to play at the Salopian coffee-house, Charing Cross and at the St James Chess Club. In 1774 the Parloe's chess club, on St James street, in London, was created and Philidor obtained a remuneration as a chess master every year, for a regular season from February to June. Philidor stayed faithful to this agreement until the end of his life and he was replaced by Verdoni only after his death. It is rightly in this place Philidor encountered Mr. George Atwood, famous mathematician and physician, lecturer at Cambridge University. In an article of J. J. O'Connor and E. F. Robertson , devoted to George Atwood, there is the following passage:
Atwood was a renowned amateur chess-player and among other opponents played games against the famous French player Philidor, who was regarded as the unofficial world champion.
H E Bird records:
Of the players who encountered Philidor, Sir Abraham Janssens, who died in 1775, seems to have been the best, Mr. George Atwood, a mathematician, one of Pitt's secretaries came next, he was of a class which we should call third or two grades of odds below Philidor, a high standard of excellence to which but few amateurs attain. One of most interesting features of Atwood as a chess player is that he recorded and preserved some of his games, an unusual practice at that time. These records have survived, among them the last games that Philidor played which were against Atwood at Parsloe's Club in London on 20 June 1795.
In England, Philidor astounded his peers by playing three blindfold chess games simultaneously in the chess club of St. James Street in London on 9 May 1783. Philidor let all three opponents play white, and gave up a pawn for the third player. Some affidavits were signed, because those persons who were involved doubted that future generations would believe that such a feat was possible. Today, three simultaneous blindfold games would be fairly unremarkable among many chess masters. Even when he was in his late years, when he was 67 years old (1793), he played and won two blindfold games simultaneously in London.
Philidor, both in England and France, was largely recognized in each of his fields and got a lot of admirers, protectors and also friends, like were the French philosophers Voltaire, Rousseau and the famous English actor David Garrick (1717–1779).
In December 1792, however, when he was age 65, Philidor had to definitively leave France for England. He was fleeing the French Revolution (1789–1799), because his name figured on the Revolutionary banishment list, established by the Convention nationale. This was not probably due to his ideas (indeed it seems Philidor was rather reserved about his opinions apart from music and chess), but very likely in view of the traditional attachment of his family to the King's family service .
Andrew Soltis writes that Philidor "was the best player in the world for 50 years. In fact, he was probably about 200 rating points better than anyone else yet alive—set apart by the mysteries of the game he had solved."
500 years ago chess was different from today. Pawns didn't cost as much as they do today. The best players started games with the gambits. Pawns were only a small price to: Open a file or diagonal; Create an immediate attack on an opponent's king. It was the Italian style of chess. All positions of the King's Gambit were very popular... The best chess player of his day was Francois Andre Danican-Philidor... His published chess strategy stood for a hundred years without significant addition or modification. He preached the value of a strong pawn center, an understanding of the relative value of the pieces, and correct pawn formations...
In the same web-article, Alterman also noticed, analyzing the game Count Bruehl–Philidor, F, 0–1, London 1783, that Philidor understood very well modern concepts like: power of passed pawns; bad and good pieces; space advantage; open files; pawn structure; importance of center.
l'Analyse du jeu des Échecs
|This section uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.|
In 1749, Philidor published his famous book Analyse du jeu des Échecs. He printed a second edition in 1777, and a third edition in 1790. The book was such an advance in chess knowledge that by 1871, it had gone through about 70 editions, and had been translated into English, German, Russian and Italian. In it, Philidor analyzed nine different types of game openings. Most of the openings of Philidor are designed to strengthen and establish a strong defensive center using pawns. He is the first one to realize the new role of the pawn in the chess game; and his most famous advice was the saying "The pawns are the soul of chess." More precisely Philidor said:
Mon but principal est de me rendre recommandable par une nouveauté dont personne ne s'est avisé, ou peut-être n'a été capable ; c'est celle de bien jouer les pions ; ils sont l'âme des Echecs : ce sont eux-mêmes qui forment uniquement l'attaque et la défense et de leur bon ou mauvais arrangement dépend entièrement le gain ou la perte de la partie.
Translation: My main purpose is to make myself commendable by a novelty of which no one was aware or perhaps was capable [of discovering]; this is to play the pawns well; they are the soul of chess: it is they which uniquely determine the attack and the defence, and on their good or bad arrangement depends entirely the winning or losing of the game.
It was said that the reason why Philidor emphasized the pawns in the chess game was related to the political background during the eighteenth century of France, and that he regarded pawns as the "Third rank" on the chess board (citizens were regarded as the third rank of the society before the French Revolution started in 1789). He also included analysis of certain positions of rook and bishop versus rook, such analysis being still current theory even today. He is most famous for showing an important drawing technique with a rook and pawn versus rook endgame, in a position known as the Philidor position. The Philidor Defense (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6) is named for him. Philidor’s book was the very first (1) that gave detailed annotations on how to play the middlegame, (2) that presented chess strategy as a whole, and (3) that presented the concepts of the blockade, prophylaxis, positional sacrifice, and mobility of the pawn formation.
Early critics of the Analyse du jeu des Échecs include those of the Modenese School (Ercole del Rio, Lolli or Ponziani), who in contrast to the French, advocated a free piece play, gambit openings and tactical complications; they also found some of the variations reported in the Analyse to be unsound (in particular those related with f7–f5 push in the Philidor Defence 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 f5?!). Some of Philidor's disciples -- Bernard, Carlier, Leger, and Verdoni, who met at the Café de la Régence under the name of Société des Amateurs—also criticized his work. In their book, Traité des Amateurs, they expressed many criticisms and comments on his earlier printed book, arguing that the variations reported in Philidor's Analyse are more instructive than correct. Nevertheless, the games of the Traité can be regarded, together of those of Philidor, as typical examples of the understanding of chess during the Enlightenment, and the Société des Amateurs was much closer to Philidor than to the Modenese school.
Notable chess games
- Captain Smith vs François André Philidor, London, England 1790, Bishop's Opening: Berlin Defense (C24), 0–1 Good sample of Philidor's ideas about pawns; plus a nice mating combination at the end
- François André Philidor vs NN, Unknown 1749, Bishop's Opening: Boi Variation (C23), 1–0 This game—possibly a composition by Philidor—demonstrates the value of passed pawns
Final years
Philidor was stranded in England when the French Revolution occurred. Because of many of his social connections mentioned above, the Revolutionary Government put him on the banned list. He died on August 31, 1795, in London and was buried in St James, Piccadilly. A few days later, his relatives succeeded in getting his name removed from the list.
Chess topics named after him
Philidor's name is used for three well-known chess topics:
- The Philidor Defence, an opening he advocated;
- Philidor's Legacy, a type of smothered mate (in fact invented centuries before Philidor);
- Philidor's position, an endgame position.
Battez Philidor !
A one-act opéra-comique with music by Amédée Dutacq and libretto by Abraham Dreyfus entitled Battez Philidor ! (Beat Philidor!) was premiered on 13 November 1882 at the Opéra-Comique. Set in 1777, a poor musician is required to beat Philidor at chess before he can win the hand of his sweetheart. Although Philidor agrees to lose the match to help out, by distraction he nonetheless wins the game, although all turns out well for the lovers in the end. Battez Philidor ! also features Philidor's sometime collaborator A A H Poinsinet.
- Rushton J. François-André Danican Philidor. In: The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Macmillan, London and New York, 1997.
- H. J. R. Murray, A History of Chess, Oxford University Press, 1913, p. 862. ISBN 0-19-827403-3.
- The Saturday magazine, Volumes 18–19 (1841) Page 238
- The Chess player's chronicle (1879) Page 50
- G. Allen and T. von der Lasa, The life of Philidor, musician and chess-player, Philadelphia 1865, page 51
- H. E. Bird, Chess History and Reminiscences (London, 1882)
- Andrew Soltis, "Tools of the Trade . . .", Chess Life, July 1995, p. 14.
- The Oxford Companion to Chess–David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld (1992) p. 265
- Murray, p. 863.
- This quote first appears on pages xiii–xiv of the preface of Philidor's Le jeu des échecs, 1792 edition.
- David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, The Oxford Companion to Chess, Oxford University Press; 2nd edition (November 21, 1996)
- Soubies A, Malherbe C. Histoire de l'opéra comique — La seconde salle Favart 1840–1887. Flammarion, Paris, 1893.
- World Chess Champions by Edward G. Winter, editor. 1981 ISBN 0-08-024117-4
- Life of Philidor: Musician and Chess-Player by George Allen, Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa; Da Capo Press; 1971. ISBN 0-306-70075-1
- The World's Great Chess Games by Reuben Fine; Dover; 1983. ISBN 0-486-24512-8
- The Batsford Encyclopedia of Chess by Nathan Divinsky; 1990. ISBN 0-7134-6214-0
|Wikisource has original text related to this article:|
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: François-André Danican Philidor|
- François-André Danican Philidor player profile and games at Chessgames.com
- Philidor at Res musica (French)
- Free scores by François-André Danican Philidor at the International Music Score Library Project
- Philidor at mjae.com (French)
- Analyse du jeu des échecs (1777 edition, London) at Google Books. (French)
- Analysis of the game of chess (1790 English edition, London) at Google Books. | <urn:uuid:f1e899c3-6a78-4065-b2ea-6811e96e4dc4> | 2013-05-21T17:38:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ferrigno in September 2012
|Born||Louis Jude Ferrigno
November 9, 1951
Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
|Occupation||Bodybuilder, actor, personal trainer|
Louis Jude "Lou" Ferrigno (born November 9, 1951) is an American actor, fitness trainer/consultant, and retired professional bodybuilder. As a bodybuilder, Ferrigno won an IFBB Mr. America title and two consecutive IFBB Mr. Universe titles, and appeared in the bodybuilding documentary Pumping Iron. As an actor, he is best known for portraying the titular role in the CBS television series The Incredible Hulk and vocally reprising the role in subsequent animated and computer-generated incarnations. He has also appeared in European-produced fantasy-adventures such as Sinbad of the Seven Seas and Hercules, and as himself in the sitcom The King of Queens and the 2009 comedy I Love You, Man.
Lou Ferrigno was born in Brooklyn, New York to Victoria and Matt Ferrigno, a police lieutenant. He is of Italian descent. Soon after he was born, Ferrigno says he believes he suffered a series of ear infections and lost 75 to 80% of his hearing, though his condition was not diagnosed until he was three years old. Ferrigno started weight training at age 13, citing body builder and Hercules star Steve Reeves as one of his role models. He was also a fan of the Hercules films that starred Reeves—and would later play Hercules as well. Ferrigno's other personal heroes as a child were Spider-Man and the Hulk. Ferrigno attended St. Athanasius Grammar School and Brooklyn Technical High School, where he learned metal working.
|Height||6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)|
|Weight||285 lb (130 kg) (1975)|
|Pro-debut||NABBA Mr. Universe, 1972|
|Best win||IFBB Mr. Universe, 1973–1974, two years consecutively|
After graduating from high school in 1969, Ferrigno won his first major titles, IFBB Mr. America and IFBB Mr. Universe, four years later. Early in his career he lived in Columbus and trained with Arnold Schwarzenegger. In 1974, he came in second on his first attempt at the Mr. Olympia competition. He then came third the following year, and his attempt to beat Arnold Schwarzenegger was the subject of the 1975 documentary Pumping Iron. The documentary made Ferrigno famous.
These victories, however, did not provide enough for him to earn a living. His first paying job was as a $10-an-hour sheet metal worker in a Brooklyn factory, where he worked for three years. He did not enjoy the dangerous work, and left after a friend and co-worker accidentally cut off his own hand one day.
Following this, Ferrigno left the competition circuit for many years, a period that included a brief stint as a defensive lineman for the Toronto Argonauts in the Canadian Football League. He had never played football, and was cut after two games.
In the early 1990s, Ferrigno returned to bodybuilding, competing for the 1992 and 1993 Mr. Olympia titles. Finishing 12th and 10th, respectively, he then turned to the 1994 Masters Olympia, where his attempt to beat Robbie Robinson and Boyer Coe was the subject of the 1996 documentary Stand Tall. After this, he retired from competition.
In 1977, Ferrigno was cast in the title role opposite Bill Bixby as the Hulk in The Incredible Hulk. Although Ferrigno and Bixby did not share lines on camera (except for one episode, "King of the Beach"), the two were friends, with Ferrigno describing Bixby as a "mentor" and "father figure" who took Ferrigno under his wing. Ferrigno also singles out the instances in which Bixby directed Ferrigno in some episodes as particularly memorable. Ferrigno continued playing the Hulk role until 1981—although the last two episodes were not broadcast until May 1982. Later, he and Bixby co-starred in three The Incredible Hulk TV movies.
In November 1978 and again in May 1979 Ferrigno appeared in Battle of the Network Stars.
Ferrigno played himself during intermittent guest appearances on the CBS sitcom, The King of Queens, beginning in 2000 and continuing until the program's conclusion in 2007. He and his wife Carla were depicted as the main characters' next-door neighbors. Because of his role as the title character on The Incredible Hulk, he is often the target of Hulk jokes by Doug and his friends.
Ferrigno appeared as himself in the 2009 feature film comedy I Love You, Man.
Ferrigno took part in a Smosh video, titled "I love Lou Ferrigno", in which he is tracked down by one of Smosh's members, Anthony, in Hollywood. The skit ends with Ferrigno knocking Anthony unconscious, in response to Ian's claim that Anthony stole Ferrigno's Butterfinger.
Ferrigno sells his own line of fitness equipment through his company, Ferrigno Fitness. In a January 2009 taping, Ferrigno Fitness provided equipment to The Price Is Right, hosted by Drew Carey for use as a One Bid prize, and demonstrated the equipment himself.[episode needed]
In 2010, Ferrigno appeared in "My Two Chads", an episode of Sonny with a Chance, appearing as himself in an episode of the fictional series MacKenzie Falls.
In November 2010, Ferrigno was sworn in as a member of a Maricopa County, Arizona volunteer sheriff posse, which also includes actors Steven Seagal and Peter Lupus, in order to help control illegal immigration in the Phoenix Valley area.
Ferrigno was a contestant on season five of the NBC reality television series The Celebrity Apprentice, which premiered in February 2012. He appeared on the program in order to raise money for his charity, the Muscular Dystrophy Association. Ferrigno was Team Unanimous' project manager for the task depicted in the fifth episode, "I'm Going to Mop the Floor With You", which was to create a viral video to promote O-Cedar's ProMist Spray Mop, placing him in competition with actress Tia Carrere, the project manager of the women's team, Forte. In addition to the usual $20,000USD awarded to the charity of the project manager of the winning team, O-Cedar pledged an additional $30,000 for that task. Team Unanimous' video—in which Ferrigno appeared dancing while mopping—won the task, winning the $50,000 for Muscular Dystrophy Association. He was fired in the ninth episode, "Ad Hawk", which involved creating a 60-second commercial for Entertainment.com.
Due to ear infections suffered soon after birth, Ferrigno lost 75 to 80% of his hearing and has been using hearing aids since the age of 5. Ferrigno says his hearing loss helped shape his sense of determination in his youth, saying, "I think that if I wasn't hard of hearing I wouldn't be where I am now. Early on, as a youngster it was difficult, but I’m not ashamed to talk about it because many people have misconceptions about hearing loss; like who has hearing loss and what it’s like not to hear, so I do talk about it. I think my hearing loss helped create a determination within me to be all that I can be, and gave me a certain strength of character too. Anytime I do a movie or a TV show, I make them aware of my hearing loss at the beginning, and that makes it much easier for all of us to communicate and get the job done."
Ferrigno married Susan Groff in 1978, divorcing a year later. On May 3, 1980, he married psychotherapist Carla Green, who then also began serving as his manager; she later became a personal trainer. They have three children, Shanna, born 1981; Louis, Jr., born 1984; and Brent, born 1990. Shanna has a recurring role as Nurse Janice in Days of our Lives, and appeared in the NBC series Windfall, as well as the television movie Within, and in 2005 she appeared in the E! reality television series, Filthy Rich: Cattle Drive. Louis, Jr. was a linebacker for the University of Southern California Trojans football team.
- 1971: Pro Mr. America – WBBG, Teen 1st
- 1971: Teen Mr. America – AAU, 4th, Most Muscular 5th
- 1972: Pro Mr. America – WBBG, 2nd
- 1972: NABBA Mr. Universe, Tall 2nd
- 1973: IFBB Mr. America, Overall Winner
- 1973: IFBB Mr. Universe, Tall 1st, Overall Winner
- 1974: IFBB Mr. International
- 1974: IFBB Mr. Universe, Tall 1st, Overall Winner
- 1974 Mr. Olympia, Heavyweight 2nd
- 1975 Mr. Olympia, Tall class, 3rd place
- 1992 Mr. Olympia, 12th
- 1993 Mr. Olympia, 10th
- 1994: Olympia Masters, 2nd
- Muscle & Fitness (March, 1982; September, 1982; March, 1983; January, 1986; June, 1987; July, 1988; April, 1989; March, 1993; March, 1994; April, 1996)
- Flex (November, 1983; August, 1985; August, 1989; August, 1992; October, 1992; June, 1993; March, 1994; November, 1994)
- Muscle Builder (May, 1974; July, 1974; April, 1977; September, 1977; July, 1979; March, 1980; May, 1980)
- Iron Man (July, 1973; August, 1988; October, 1992; November, 1994; April, 2009)
- Bodybuilding Lifestyle (December, 1991; May, 1992)
- Muscle Mag International (March, 1979; December, 1983; November, 1994)
- Muscular Development (February, 1981; October, 1992; April, 2009; 2012)[volume & issue needed]
- Muscle Training Illustrated (May, 1972)
- Natural Bodybuilding (February, 1983)
- Strength & Health (November, 1983)
|The Incredible Hulk||The Hulk||TV pilot movie for the series The Incredible Hulk|
|1978–82||The Incredible Hulk|
|1980||Mister Rogers' Neighborhood||Himself|
|The Fall Guy||Six||Episode: "Trauma"|
|Trauma Center||John Six||13 episodes|
|1985||The Adventures of Hercules||Hercules||Sequel to Hercules|
|The Seven Magnificent Gladiators||Han|
|Amazing Stories||The Hulk (uncredited)||Episode: "Remote Control Man"|
|1988||Family Double Dare||Himself||Celebrity contestant|
|The Incredible Hulk Returns||The Hulk||TV movie|
|1989||Sinbad of the Seven Seas||Sinbad|
|The Trial of the Incredible Hulk||The Hulk||TV movie|
|Liberty & Bash||Bash|
|1990||The Death of the Incredible Hulk||The Hulk||TV movie|
|1994||Cage II||Billy Thomas|
|1996||The Incredible Hulk||The Hulk||Voice|
|2000–07||The King of Queens||Himself|
|2002||Raw Iron: The Making of 'Pumping Iron|
|2003||Hulk||Security guard||Cameo with Stan Lee|
|2004||My Wife and Kids||Gay convict||Episode "Illegal Smile"|
|Reno 911!||Deputy Cletus Senior||Episode: "Department Investigation: Part 2"|
|2008||The Incredible Hulk||The Hulk / Security guard||Voice / Cameo|
|2009||I Love You, Man||Himself|
|2010||Chuck||Sofia Stepanova's bodyguard||Episode "Chuck Versus the Suitcase"|
|Sonny with a Chance||Himself||Episode: "My Two Chads"|
|Adventure Time||Billy||Episodes: "His Hero" (2010), "The Lich" (2012)|
|2012||Celebrity Apprentice||Himself||8 episodes (9th fired)|
|The Avengers||The Hulk (voice)||Uncredited|
- Although Ferrigno's official site does not list a year of birth, it says he was 21 when he won the first of two successive Mr. Universe titles, which occurred in 1973 ("History of the Men's World Amateur Championships", IFBB.com, Accessed 2007-01-01). The results were reported in the July 1973 issue of Muscle magazine ("Lou Ferigno, Mr Universe, 1973". IFBB.com); See also "History of Mr. Olympia: Lou Ferrigno"
- Jim Schmaltz (February 2004). Matt Ferrigno: 1925-2003. Flex. Accessed 2008-08-01.
- Mabe, Catherine "Lou Ferrigno: Living, Acting and Bodybuilding with Hearing Loss". Disaboom. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
- Doughterty, Margot (May 16, 1988). "Green with Indignation, Lou Ferrigno Is Back in Bulk as the Incredible Hulk". People. Vol. 29, No. 19.
- Robson, David. "The Incredible Hulk Returns: Lou Ferrigno Speaks About His Role & Acting Life". Bodybuilding.com. Retrieved 2008-08-01..
- The Incredible Lou.
- Parker, Vernon. "On This Day in History: November 9That Incredible Hulk". Brooklyn Eagle. November 9, 2011
- "ALL ABOUT LOU FERRIGNO". BodybuildingPro.comApril 9, 2013.
- "How Pumping Iron Gave Birth to the Incredible Hulk". Arnold Body Building. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
- "About" at LouFerrigno.com (official site)
- Grech, Ron. "Lou Ferrigno to Hulk up at the Mac". Daily Press. May 2011. Accessed 2011-09-19.
- Bonnie Siegler. Fame & Fortune: Lou Ferrigno. Accessed 2008-08-01.
- Murphy, Matt. "WWLA: "The Incredible Hulk" Retrospective with Lou Ferrigno". Comic Book Resources. March 16, 2008
- The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946-Present. Ballantine Books. 2003. p. 1227. ISBN 0-345-45542-8.
- Jeff Otto (May 27, 2008). Special Report: "Hulk" Edit Bay Visit. Dark Horizons. Accessed 2008-05-27.
- Smith, Michael David. "Lou Ferrigno: Michael Jackson Was Energetic and Happy in Training". AOL News. Retrieved 2009-06-19.
- Lou Ferrigno becomes reserve LA County sheriff's deputy (February 13, 2006) AP. Accessed 2008-08-01.
- "Lou 'The Hulk' Ferrigno Joins Posse Fighting Illegal Immigration". (November 18, 2010). Fox News/Associated Press. Accessed 2011-01-02.
- "I'm Going to Mop the Floor With You". The Celebrity Apprentice. Season 12. Episode 5. March 18, 2012. NBC.
- "Ad Hawk". The Celebrity Apprentice. Season 12. Episode 9. April 8, 2012. NBC.
- Ron Messer (2010-10-10). "NY Comic Con: Lou Ferrigno Interview – Opens Up About THE AVENGERS, Mark Ruffalo as The Hulk, and CHUCK". Collider. Retrieved 2010-10-10.
- Collura, Scott (May 8, 2012). "So Ferrigno *Is* in The Avengers". IGN.
- Interview with Lou Ferrigno Mr. Universe, and TVs “The Hulk” audioligyonline.com Accessed 2012-05-13
- Player Bio: Lou Ferrigno Jr. USCTrojans.cstv.com. Accessed 2007-01-01.
- History of Mr. Olympia: Lou Ferrigno. Schwarzenegger.it Accessed 2007-01-01.
- "History of the Men's World Amateur Championships". IFBB.com. Accessed 2007-01-01.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lou Ferrigno|
- Official website
- Official FaceBook Fan page
- Official YouTube channel
- Lou Ferrigno at the Internet Movie Database | <urn:uuid:a8feed6b-2282-4f46-a1c4-7b42212eb78a> | 2013-05-21T17:45:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|Count / Earl|
A prince regent, or prince-regent, is a prince who rules a monarchy as regent instead of a monarch, e.g., as a result of the Sovereign's incapacity (minority or illness) or absence (remoteness, such as exile or long voyage, or simply no incumbent). While the term itself can have the generic meaning and refer to any prince who fills the role of regent, historically it has mainly been used to describe a small number of individual Princes who were Regents.
Prince Regent in the United Kingdom
In the English language the title Prince Regent is most commonly associated with George IV, who held the style HRH The Prince Regent during the incapacity, by dint of mental illness, of his father, George III (see Regent for other regents). Regent's Park and Regent Street in London are named after him.
This period is known as the British Regency, or just the Regency.
The title was conferred by the Regency Act on February 5, 1811. Subject to certain limitations for a period, the Prince Regent was able to exercise the full powers of the King. The precedent of the Regency Crisis of 1788 (from which George III recovered before it was necessary to appoint a Regent) was followed. The Prince of Wales continued as regent until his father's death in 1820, when he became George IV.
Prince Regent in Germany
In Germany, the title Prinzregent (literally prince regent) is most commonly associated with Prince Luitpold of Bavaria, who served as regent for two of his nephews, King Ludwig II of Bavaria, who was declared mentally incompetent in 1886, and King Otto of Bavaria (who had been declared insane in 1875) from 1886 until 1912.
The years of Luitpold's regency were marked by tremendous artistic and cultural activity in Bavaria, where they are known after the regencies as the Prinzregentenjahre or the Prinzregentenzeit. Numerous streets in Bavarian cities and towns are called Prinzregentenstraße. Many institutions are named in Luitpold's honour, e.g., the Prinzregententheater in Munich. Prinzregententorte is a multi-layered cake with chocolate butter cream named in Luitpold's honour.
At Luitpold's death in 1912, his son Prince Ludwig succeeded as Prince Regent. Ludwig held the title for less than a year, since the Bavarian Legislature decided to recognise him as king.
Prince Regent in Belgium
- The first head of state of Belgium after it seceded from the Dutch monarchy in 1831 was a regent (but not a prince in his own right), baron Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier, before the new nation, which had chosen to become a parliamentary monarchy, had its first king sworn in to the constitution.
- Prince Charles of Belgium served as Prince Regent of Belgium from 1944 to 1950 during the German captivity and then exile to Switzerland of his elder brother, King Leopold III of Belgium.
Prince Regent in Bulgaria
Prince Kiril of Bulgaria was appointed head of a regency council by the Bulgarian parliament following the death of his brother, Tsar Boris on 28 August 1943, to act as Head of State until the late Tsar's son, Simeon II of Bulgaria, became 18. On 5 September 1944 the Soviet Union declared war on the Kingdom of Bulgaria and on the 8th - Soviet armies crossed the Romanian border and occupied the country. On 1 February 1945 the prince regent Kyril, and the two other former regents - Professor Bogdan Filov and General Nikola Mihov, as well as a range of former cabinet ministers, royal advisors and 67 MPs were executed.
Prince Lieutenant in Luxembourg
The heir to the grand duke of Luxembourg may be titled prince-lieutenant ('prince deputy') during a period in which the incumbent remains formally on the grand ducal throne, but (progressively, most) functions of the crown are performed by the 'monarch apprentice', as prince Jean (still alive) did 4 May 1961 - 12 November 1964 in the last years of his mother Charlotte's reign (she lived until 1985), and Jean's own son prince Henri 3 March 1998 - 7 October 2000 until his father abdicated and he succeeded.
King or Queen regent
It has also been known throughout history that when a king is unable to reign or is out of the country for long periods of time, sometimes the consort will step up and will temporarily do the duties of a Prince regent. Sometimes they are unofficially known as regents themselves. In the Kingdom of Swaziland, queen mothers have temporarily stepped in when the sovereign was either a minor or unable to reign for other reasons.
Other notable Princes regent
- More prince-regents (often without such specific title) are to be found in Regent.
- Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark served as regent from 1784 to 1808 for his father, King Christian VII of Denmark, who was insane.
- Prince William of Prussia served as regent from 1858 to 1861 for his older brother King Frederick William IV of Prussia, who had become mentally unfit to rule.
- Prince Charles, Count of Flanders, served as regent from 1944 to 1950 for his older brother king Leopold III of Belgium, whose position had come under scrutiny after the Second World War and his marriage to Lilian Baels.
- Prince Dorgon of the Qing Dynasty served as regent for his nephew, Emperor Shunzhi, from 1643 to 1650, because the latter was only six at the time of his ascension. Dorgon was instrumental in moving Manchu forces into Beijing in 1644, proclaiming the Qing dynasty to be the legitimate successor to the Ming Dynasty. In Qing Dynasty historical records, Dorgon was the first to be referred to as Shezhengwang 摄政王(The Prince Regent).
- Zaifeng, Prince Chun during the Qing Dynasty served as regent from 1908 to 1911 for his young son Puyi, the Xuantong Emperor. Apart from Dorgon, Zaifeng was the only person in Chinese history who was specifically referred to as Prince Regent.
- Prince Paul of Yugoslavia from 1934 to 1941, known in Serbian as Његово Краљевско Височанство, Кнез Намесник (English: His Royal Highness The Prince Regent)
- John, Prince of Brazil (1767–1826) served as regent of Portugal for his mother Queen Maria I, who had become mentally unfit to rule, from 1799 to 1816. His regency was associated with the famous transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil. | <urn:uuid:c9624bb4-a0f0-44b1-bf05-5fa3124eaa88> | 2013-05-21T17:41:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Swat (princely state)
||This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2012)|
|State of Swat|
|Province of the Mughal Empire (1802–1858)
Princely state of the British Raj (1858–1947)
Princely state of Pakistan (1947–1955)
|Wāli of Swat||His Highness Sultan Faghal (first)|
|His Highness Miangul Jahan Zeb, Wāli of Swat (last)|
|Historical era||Mughal Empire (1802–1858) Indian British Empire (22 February 1858-1947) Princely state of Pakistan (1947-1955) Part of West Pakistan (1955-1969) Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (1970-present) Dividing between the Swat, Buner and Shangla|
|-||Merged into West Pakistan||14 October 1955|
|Currency||Rupee, Pakistan Rupee (after 1947)|
This article is part of the series
The Yousufzai State of Swat (Urdu: ریاست سوات) was a province of the Mughal Empire ruled by local rulers known as the Akhunds, then until 1947 a princely state of the British Indian Empire, which was dissolved in 1947, when the Akhwand acceded to Pakistan. The state lay to the north of the modern Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan and continued within its 1947 borders until 1969, when it was dissolved. The area it covered is now divided between the present-day states of Swat, Buner and Shangla.
|This section does not cite any references or sources. (October 2012)|
- See also History of Swat
The Swat region has been inhabited for more than two thousand years and was known in ancient times as Udyana. The location of Swat made it an important stopping point for many invaders, including Alexander the Great and Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. The second century BCE saw Swat forming part of the Buddhist civilisation of Gandhara.
Swat was a center of Hinayana Buddhism and of the Mahayana school that developed from it. The Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hsien, who visited the valley around 403 CE, mentions 500 monasteries. After him, Sun Yun (519 CE), Hsuan-tsang (630 CE), and Wu-kung (752 CE) visited Swat as well and praised the richness of the region, its favourable climate, the abundance of forest, flowers and fruit-trees and the respect in which Buddhism was held.
The Kushan dynasty ruled for four centuries until it was overrun by the White Huns in the 5th century CE and the glory of the Gandhara era came to an end. Hsuan-tsang recorded the decline of Buddhism. According to him, of the 1400 monasteries that had supposedly been there, most were in ruins or had been abandoned. The monks still quoted from the scriptures but no longer understood them. There were grapes in abundance but cultivation of the fields was sparse.
From the 8th century CE onwards, Muslim Arabs started to exert pressure from the west in the most eastern-Iranian lands where the Hindu Shahi Dynasty still ruled. At the beginning of the 8th century, the Gabari Royal Tajik tribe advanced through Laghmanat, Ningarhar, and Dir to invade Swat, defeating the Bhudists and the Hindus. This war was headed by Sultan Pakhal Gabari and later on by Sultan Behram Gabari, both Jahangirian sultans. Rulers of Kuner Pich and cousin of Rulers of Balkh and Kashmir. Later some Dilazak encroached on the area and settled among the Gabaris, who in 1519 and 1520 were ousted in their turn by the Yusufzais backed by the Mughal Badshah Zahiruddin Muhammad Baber,the fierce super power. It is a historical paradox that the Yusufzais were ousted from Kabul by Mirza Ullegh Beg, the uncle of Baber, and killed 600 Malak of Yusufzai, whereas the Gabaris warmly welcomed Yousofzai refugees and settled them within Gabari sultanate areas of Bajour, Dir and Swat. The Yusofzais forgot the generosity of the Gabaris and encroached on their state with the plotted help of Zahiruddin Muhammad Babar.And thus, In 1519 they demolished the Gabar-Kot fortress in Bajour killed the Sultans including Sultan Mir Haider Ali Gabari.Further advanced into Swat, forcing the last Gabari ruler, Sultan Awais Gabari Manglaware Fort, to Retire to Upper Dir. He established his rule in Upper Dir, Chitral Wakhan, Badakhshan and other petty states of the Upper Oxus.
The modern area of Swat was ruled sporadically by religious leaders, who took the title of Akhoond, also spelt Akhund or Akond. The Akhund of Swat who died in 1877 was particularly famous as the subject of a well known humorist poem by Edward Lear, The Akond of Swat. The nonsensical poem suggests a far away place and a mystical person, at least through the eyes of a Victorian poet and painter.
The Islamic State of Swat was established in 1849 under Sayyid Akbar Shah with Sharia law remaining in force, but the state was in abeyance from 1863 to 1915. Sayyid Abdul-Jabbar Khan was made ruler by a local Jirga and had trouble exercising power. In 1917 another Jirga appointed Miangul Golshahzada Abdul-Wadud. The British recognised the state as a princely state in 1926. Following the Partition of India in 1947, the ruler acceded the state to Pakistan, while retaining considerable autonomy. The ruler of Swat was accorded a 15-gun hereditary salute in 1966, but this was followed by the abolition of the state in 1969 due to the policy of Government of Pakistan.
The people of Swat are mainly Pashtuns, Kohistanis and Gujars. Some have very distinctive physical characteristics, including blonde hair and blue eyes. They may be of Dardic extraction, as found in other parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the surrounding area.
The rulers of Swat held the title Amir-e Shariyat and from 1918 were known as Badshah; the title changed to Wali in 1926 when it became a Princely State of the British Raj. Since 1969 the former princely state has been under a civil administration as part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Miangul family is still prominent in Pakistan and has held a variety of appointed and elective posts.
|Tenure||Rulers of Swat||Honorary|
|Sultan Faghal or Sultan Pakhal|
|Sultan Behram Jahangeeri|
|Sultan Ghiyasunddin Abdullah Khan|
|Sultan Owais Jahangeeri|
|1849 - 11 May 1857||Sayyid Akbar Shah|
|11 May 1857 - 1863||Sayyid Mubarak Shah Sahib|
|1863–1915||State in abeyance|
|1915 - September 1917||Sayyid Abdul-Jabbar Khan|
|September 1917 - 12 December 1949||Miangul Golshahzada Abdul-Wadud Badshah Sahib|
|12 December 1949 - 28 July 1969||Miangul Abdul-Haqq Jahan Zeb|
|28 July 1969||(civil administration)||Miangul Abdul-Haqq Jahan Zeb|
|1987 to date||(civil administration)||Miangul Aurangzeb|
See also
- Ben Cahoon, WorldStatesmen.org. "Pakistan Princely States". Retrieved 2007-10-03.
Further reading
- The Last Wali of Swat: An Autobiography as Told by Fredrik Barth (Asian Portraits), by Fredrik Barth
- Sack, John (2000). Report from Practically Nowhere. ISBN 0-595-08918-6.
- Sultan-i-Rome, Swat State, 1915–1969, From Genesis to Merger: An Analysis of Political, Administrative, Socio-Political, and Economic Development, Karachi: Oxford University Press (2008), ISBN 0-19-547113-X
- Sultan-i-Rome. Forestry in the Princely State of Swat and Kalam (North-West Pakistan): A Historical Perspective on Norms and Practices, NCCR IP6 Working Paper No. 6. Zurich: Department of Geography, University of Zurich (2005)
- Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- RoyalArk website on general and dynastic history
- Details on the ruling family of Swat
- Daily Times: NWFP Religious Background
- Geographic Journal article on Swat | <urn:uuid:3b7cfde9-e935-49bc-a507-372968e2468c> | 2013-05-21T17:46:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Thaddeus C. Sweet
|Thaddeus Campbell Sweet|
|Representative for New York's 32nd congressional district|
|Preceded by||Luther W. Mott|
|Succeeded by||Francis D. Culkin|
November 16, 1872|
Phoenix, New York
|Died||May 1, 1928
Whitney Point, New York
|Political party||Republican Party|
He was born on November 16, 1872 in Phoenix, New York to Anthony Wayne Sweet and Sarah Elizabeth Campbell. He attended the public schools, and graduated from Phoenix Academy and High School. Then he entered business and for two years served as a traveling salesman. In 1895, he began the manufacture of paper and was President of the Sweet Paper Manufacturing Co. He also engaged in banking. He was town clerk of Phoenix from 1896 to 1899.
He was elected to the 68th United States Congress in 1923 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Luther W. Mott and served from November 6, 1923 until his death in office, having been re-elected to the 69th and 70th United States Congresses.
Thaddeus Sweet was the first sitting member of Congress to die in an airplane accident. Shortly after breakfast on May 1, 1928, he and the pilot Lt. Bushrod Hoppin, U.S. Army, took off in a new Army observation plane from Bolling Field to fly to Oswego, New York, where he was to make a speech. Lt. Hoppin, known as a careful pilot, flew into a storm between Binghamton, New York and Cortland, New York.
He thought it best to land and selected a field on a stock farm near Whitney Point, New York. The field was knobbly, and the airplane bounced and turned a somersault. Sweet, having unbuckled his safety belt, was pitched against the cockpit wall, and killed by a head injury. Lt. Hoppin, belted in his seat, was unbruised. Sweet was buried at the Rural Cemetery at Phoenix, New York.
- "T. C. Sweet Killed In Airplane Crash. Congressman Meets Almost Instant Death in Landing Upset at Whitney Point, N.Y. On Hop From Washington. Army Pilot Is Slightly Hurt. National and State Leaders Honor House Member". New York Times. May 2, 1928. Retrieved 2011-05-21. "Thaddeus C. Sweet of Phoenix, N.Y., Representative in Congress from the Thirty-second District, was killed ..."
- "Death of Sweet". Time Magazine. 1928-05-14. Retrieved 2008-08-09. "Representative Thaddeus Campbell Sweet of New York telephoned Bolling Field one afternoon last week and asked Lieutenant Bushrod Hoppin, U. S. A., to fly him to Oswego, N. Y., where he was to make a speech. Such calls from Congressmen are encouraged by the War and Navy Departments."
- Mark L. Peckham (February 1990). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Sweet Memorial Building". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 2009-11-10.
- "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Thaddeus C. Sweet|
|New York Assembly|
Frank L. Smith
|New York State Assembly
|Speaker of the New York State Assembly
H. Edmund Machold
|United States House of Representatives|
Luther W. Mott
|Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from New York's 32nd congressional district
Francis D. Culkin | <urn:uuid:4652209c-468f-4139-b255-66c4238e2ab0> | 2013-05-21T17:18:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 87.djvu/86
82 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY
cites the experience of Abbe Hue. Having occasion to send a messen- ger, the latter thought that a Chinese schoolmaster who was working for him might desire to improve the opportunity to send a letter to his old mother whom he had not seen for four years. The schoolmaster, upon hearing that the messenger would leave soon, called one of his pupils, saying: "Take this paper and write me a letter to my mother." M. Hue was surprised and proceeded to inquire whether the boy was acquainted with the teacher's mother. Receiving a negative re- ply, he said : " How then is he to know what to write ? " The schoolmas- ter answered : " Doesn't he know quite well what to say ? For more than a year he has been studying literary composition, and he is ac- quainted with a number of elegant formulas. Do you think he does not know perfectly well how a son ought to write to a mother ? " 8 The boy returned the letter to his teacher sealed, and it was thus forwarded. It would "have answered equally well for any other mother in the Empire."
The tremendous population of China is also largely the outgrowth of the requirement of Confucianism that the son shall worship at the grave of his deceased parents. No greater honor can come to a woman than to be the mother of a son. If she fails of this, she is not infre- quently obliged to make room for another who can bear a son, for no man is content until he has a son who can worship at his grave. Until this superstition is brought under the light of reflection, excessive propa- gation will continue and with it moral development will be retarded.
But withal the situation is somewhat better than it would appear. Fortunately for China, agencies have been at work in the past that were operative in the right direction. Of these, we may distinguish both rationalizing and socializing forces. The value of these agencies as factors in promoting moral development depends largely upon their advancing pari passu. Eationalizing forces make for systematic con- duct based upon natural law as a result of reflection and scientific con- trol; socializing forces contribute to a more equal distribution of the concrete things that satisfy the health, wealth, sociability, knowledge, beauty, Tightness, and religion desires of the human being. Two men stand out very prominently in Chinese history, previous to the present reform movement, as making a serious attempt to break away from custom and advance the moral condition of the Chinese. Their efforts were not crowned with success at the time, but they served to keep alive the spark of progress which was all but extinguished.
The first was Wang An-shih of the Sung Dynasty, a.d. 1055-1085. Realizing the poverty -stricken condition of his people in contrast to their prosperity under the sage emperors Yao and Shun and Chou Kung, he was very anxious to do something for them. The Emperor Shen-
s ibid., pp. 180, 181. | <urn:uuid:b5a28f7b-5b97-4622-a880-a31ed01b2d85> | 2013-05-21T17:24:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The New International Encyclopædia/Schultens, Albert
|←Schulte, Johann Friedrich von||The New International Encyclopædia
|Edition of 1905. See also Albert Schultens on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.|
SCHULTENS, sKụl'tĕns, Albert (1686-1750). A Dutch Semitic scholar. He was born in Groningen, studied there, at Utrecht, and at Leyden, and after two years as pastor at Wassenaar, near Leyden, in 1713 became professor of Oriental languages at Franeker, whence in 1729 he removed to Leyden. There he became professor of Arabic — the study of which he insisted was a necessary adjunct to Hebrew — and of Hebrew antiquities. He was the first comparative philologist in Semitics, and wrote Institutiones ad Fundumenta Linguæ Hebraicæ (1737), Origines Hebrææ (1724-38), the unfinished Institutiones Aramææ (1745-49), and versions, with commentaries, of Job (1737) and of the Book of Proverbs (1748). | <urn:uuid:7ddcd4a9-63e6-4804-97c0-509e23164e1d> | 2013-05-21T17:44:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Vettam movie is wafer-thin about a petty thief who steals a precious chain and is on the run. A police officer (Radha Ravi) is on his trail as Gopi (Dileep) who meets a girl Veena (Bhavana) in the flight. Veena is on her way to break the marriage of her lover to a tycoon's daughter and both are forced to travel together.
Gopi hides the chain in Veena's bag but discovers that it is missing. He follows her and after a love-hate relationship become good friends. Gopi plans to make a fortune out of the chain but all his plans goes awry as the story unfolds. | <urn:uuid:2f46bb96-9f17-440d-afd4-1b24606c907a> | 2013-05-21T17:30:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|Hojo, the White Lion|
From our Oneshot Idea
Kyte draws beautifully, doesn't she~?
YJ Mission 11 A Reason to Say Thank YouYJ Mission 11 A Reason to Say Thank You by ~Enthaga
Mission 11/ A Reason to Say Thank You
["What's wrong, Superboy?" Surged knocked on the glass of Konner's pod. He turned to Doctor Desmond. "How long until he's ready?"
"With the information you gave us, he should be ready by the early July."
"So soon? That's not even two weeks away." He glanced at the pod again. "What about his mental functions?"
"They should all be working, other than the personal programming that is. The genomes are still in the process of giving him an education."
"Good. The higher ups put him in the my group instead of QB's. I look forward to being friends with him."
"Friends? He's a weapon." | <urn:uuid:23279610-a9e4-49bb-b944-c16e1293ebca> | 2013-05-21T17:37:40Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Good Times with Friends are Transcendental!
I recently caught up with some dear friends from The German School. I had not seen them since third grade and it was as if time had never passed. I wonder, are friendships made during childhood 'transcendental?' Do you have friends that you have not seen in decades and when you catch up again, you click, it works, it simply is meant to be! | <urn:uuid:32bf2de8-283d-481a-8b5d-f62aecc9d0af> | 2013-05-21T17:10:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Growth and erosion of a discrete breather interacting with Rayleigh-Jeans distributed phononsB. Rumpf
Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology - 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
received 10 November 2006; accepted in final form 26 February 2007; published April 2007
published online 23 March 2007
The interaction of a discrete breather with Rayleigh-Jeans distributed low-amplitude phonons is studied for the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. A statistical analysis gives a criterion for growth or decay of the breather, depending on its phase frequency, and on the chemical potential of the phonons. If the breather exceeds a critical amplitude, the breather accumulates wave action from the phonons and grows. If the breather amplitude is smaller, the phonons erode the breather.
63.20.Pw - Localized modes.
63.70.+h - Statistical mechanics of lattice vibrations and displacive phase transitions.
05.45.-a - Nonlinear dynamics and chaos.
© Europhysics Letters Association 2007 | <urn:uuid:a87fb6bf-bb9f-4be4-b771-f06df9b62297> | 2013-05-21T17:16:40Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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scala (was RE: checksum for distributed debugging?)
Ulf Wiger (AL/EAB)
Mon Dec 5 09:48:04 CET 2005
> P.S. On a completely different matter, I'd be interested in
> comments on the Scala language (http://scala.epfl.ch/) by
> Erlang experts. It can be used in a fairly pure functional
> style using val declarations, and it seems to support
> Erlang-style message exchange (see chapter 3 of "Scala by
> Example" http://scala.epfl.ch/docu/files/ScalaByExample.pdf).
> Far be it from me to suggest that Erlang might not last
> forever, but if not this seems a possible migration path.
I took a look at that a while back, and was first
impressed with the examples in the intro of how one
could use erlang-style concurrency. I was less impressed
when I read the manual chapter on concurrency, and
discovered that it was all about Java-style concurrency.
It may be a minor point, but the problem I see is
that Scala may end up with the same problem as Java CSP
and other similar initiatives: people will still write
software in the original java style, at least as regards
While you can still use Scala as a nice language for
development from scratch, reusability will hinge on the
degree to which people adopt new ways of thinking.
Scala is a language worth keeping an eye on, though, IMO.
More information about the erlang-questions | <urn:uuid:2ff48d46-a9e5-44d0-aadf-f706da1d781d> | 2013-05-21T17:11:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|"zero in on" = focus on or direction your attention to a particular issue |
"I think we need to zero in on the main causes of water pollution and start solving them one at a time."
"leave no stone unturned" = do everything possible to solve a problem
"Things might look bad, but leave no stone unturned in trying to find the answer to our company's economic problems."
More of Randall's Favorite Learning Resources
[ Quiz Script ]
First, name three environmental problems that face our world today, how people can help solve these problems. What image comes to your mind when you think of "recycling"?
|I. Pre-Listening Exercises [Top]|
HELPFUL TIP: Recycling is one important way of conserving our world's natural resources. Talk with you family about what you can do to better recycle your trash.|
Listen to the conversation by pressing the "Play" button of the audio type you want to hear, and answer the questions. Press the "Final Score" button to check your quiz.
|II. Listening Exercises [Top]
2. Listen to the conversation again as you read the Quiz Script.
|III. Post-Listening Exercises [Top]|
What are five specific things individuals can do to protect the environment? What are some reasons why people do not recycle or are careless when they dispose of garbage? Are there any unique programs in your city or country that promote recycling and protecting the environment?
Now, write your opinions on a similar topic at Randall's ESL Blog HERE.
Randall's Sites: Daily ESL | ESL Blog | EZSlang | Train Your Accent | Tips For Students | Hiking In Utah | <urn:uuid:c9a3e459-11ff-42f8-8718-1ddb3762b1e0> | 2013-05-21T17:16:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Dunfermline ran out 3-0 winners against Cowdenbeath to move to the top of the league.
The Pars dominated proceedings early on but were made to wait until the 28th minute for their opening goal when Joseph Cardle slotted home from 18 yards.
Cowden goalkeeper Thomas Flynn made a smart save from Stephen Husband's penalty on the half hour after John Armstrong fouled Ryan Thomson in the box.
Cowden were then dealt a blow when the in-form stopper had to leave the field injured just before half-time.
The second half was delayed when a linesman was injured and had to be replaced by a paying spectator.
Dunfermline finally got their second when Cowden's Josh Armstrong scored an own goal in the 77th minute.
Craig Drago finished from close range in the 84th minute to make it 3-0 and cap a powerful Dunfermline display. | <urn:uuid:80a2ddd8-6b8e-4192-9275-e1419525f78e> | 2013-05-21T17:37:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Brussels, 24 October 2012
Poverty: Commission proposes new Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived
The European Commission has proposed to set up a Fund to help the most deprived persons in the EU. The Fund would support Member State schemes providing food to the most deprived people and clothing and other essential goods to homeless people and materially-deprived children. The proposal now goes to the European Parliament and the European Union's Council of Ministers for approval.
The Commission foresaw a budget of €2.5 billion for the Fund during the period 2014-2020 as part of its June 2011 proposal for a Multiannual Financial Framework (see IP/11/799). Member States would be responsible for paying 15% of the costs of their national programmes, with the remaining 85% coming from the Fund.
President of the European Commission José Manuel Durão Barroso said: "At the European level, we need new solidarity mechanisms and proper resources to help deprived and poor people who in many cases are living in a real social emergency situation. This is the purpose of the Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived proposed today"
European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion László Andor commented: "The proposed new Fund would provide tangible aid to help Europe's most vulnerable people to integrate into society. It will be a concrete demonstration of EU solidarity with the weakest - those who have been worst affected by the economic and social crisis. I hope Member States and the European Parliament will adopt this proposal, and the accompanying budget, swiftly so that the support reaches those in need without delay. "
Under the proposed Fund Member States would apply for funding to support operational programmes covering the period 2014 to 2020 for schemes providing, through partner organisations, food to the most deprived persons and clothing and other essential goods (such as shoes, soap and shampoo) to the homeless and to materially-deprived children.
The proposal would give considerable flexibility to national authorities to plan and deliver the assistance in line with their national schemes. Detailed criteria to allocate assistance would be the responsibility of Member States, or even partner organisations, as they are best placed to target assistance to local needs.
Partner organisations, often non-governmental, would be responsible for delivering the food or goods to the most deprived persons. To meet the Fund's social cohesion objectives, partner organisations would not only have to provide material assistance to the most deprived persons but also undertake basic activities aimed at their social integration. The Fund would also be able to support such accompanying measures.
National authorities would be able to use the Fund to either purchase food or goods and make them available to the partner organisations or provide the partner organisations themselves with funding to do so. The proposal also foresees the possibility to use food stored in intervention stocks, if there are any.
The Europe 2020 Strategy commits the EU to reducing the number of people in or at risk of poverty by at least 20 million.
Out of the 116 million people in the EU who are at risk of poverty or social exclusion, about 40 million are suffering from severe material deprivation.
One of the main features of material deprivation is the inability to access appropriate quantities and quality of food. The share of the EU population unable to afford a meal with meat, chicken, fish (or vegetarian equivalent) every second day – something which is defined as a basic need by the World Health Organisation – was 8.7% in 2010, i.e. more than 43 million people. The first figures available for 2011 indicate a worsening situation.
A particularly severe form of material deprivation is homelessness, the extent of which is difficult to quantify. Nevertheless, estimates indicate that there were 4.1 million homeless people in Europe in 2009/2010. Homelessness has recently increased due to the social impact of the financial and economic crisis and rising unemployment. Even more worryingly, homeless people increasingly consist of families with children, young people and people with a migrant background.
There are 25.4 million children at risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU. Overall, children are at greater risk of poverty or social exclusion than the rest of the population (27 % against 23 % for the total population). This exposes them to material deprivation going beyond malnutrition. For example, 5.7 million children cannot afford new clothes and 4.7 million do not have two pairs of properly fitting shoes (including a pair of all-weather shoes). Children suffering from material deprivation are more likely than their better-off peers to do badly in school, experience poor health and fail to realise their full potential as adults.
The European Union's main instrument to support employability, fight poverty and promote social inclusion is and will remain the European Social Fund (ESF). This structural instrument invests directly in people's competences and aims at improving their value on the labour market. Yet some of the most vulnerable citizens suffering from extreme forms of poverty are too far away from the labour market to benefit from the social inclusion measures of the European Social Fund.
The EU's Food Distribution programme for the Most Deprived People (MDP) has since 1987 been an important source of provisions for organisations working in direct contact with the least fortunate people providing them with food. It currently distributes some 500 000 tonnes of food per year to the benefit of deprived people. It was created to make good use of the then agricultural surpluses. With the expected depletion of intervention stocks and their high unpredictability over the period 2011-2020, as a consequence of successive reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy, the MDP will be discontinued at the end of 2013. The proposed Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived would replace and improve upon the MDP.
László Andor's website: http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/andor/
Latest European Employment and Social Situation Quarterly Review:
Subscribe to the European Commission's free e-mail newsletter on employment, social affairs and inclusion: http://ec.europa.eu/social/e-newsletter
Follow László Andor on Twitter: http://twitter.com/LaszloAndorEU
Jonathan Todd (+32 2 299 41 07)
Nadège Defrère (+32 2 296 45 44) | <urn:uuid:a3f86fc5-0056-461f-9958-a882ae8709f1> | 2013-05-21T17:24:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The greatest of all Russian composers, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky began his study as a lawyer, but soon became one of the first students of the newly established St. Petersburg Conservatory. All his professional life as a composer Tchaikovsky enjoyed a generous financial support from Nadezhda von Meck, a Tchaikovsky’s admirer. Widely using Russian tunes in his music, Tchaikovsky nevertheless belongs to the international school of composition. Tchaikovsky was appointed professor of the Moscow Conservatory that now carries his name.
More Tchaikovsky sheet music download on EveryNote.com | <urn:uuid:01e16ae0-82fa-47e8-805f-68bdc865b0d0> | 2013-05-21T17:24:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Anything which covers or conceals, as a roof, a screen, a wrapper, clothing, etc.
Noah removed the covering of the ark.
Gen. viii. 13.
They cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that they have no covering in the cold.
Job. xxiv. 7.
A covering over the well's mouth.
2 Sam. xvii. 19.
© Webster 1913. | <urn:uuid:20745e4c-8861-4feb-9754-792b30f9a9b1> | 2013-05-21T17:46:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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concept. The basic idea is that the human mind
can keep track of about seven
at once, or can differentiate between seven or so
different (but similar) things.
The phrase comes from the title of a 1956 paper by Harvard professor George
A. Miller titled, The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information, which begins:
My problem is that I have been persecuted by an integer. For seven years this number has followed me around, has intruded in my most private data, and has assaulted me from the pages of our most public journals. This number assumes a variety of disguises, being sometimes a little larger and sometimes a little smaller than usual, but never changing so much as to be unrecognizable. The persistence with which this number plagues me is far more than a random accident. There is, to quote a famous senator, a design behind it, some pattern governing its appearances. Either there really is something unusual about the number or else I am suffering from delusions of persecution.
Miller goes on to present data from a number of
experiments which support the idea
(by arriving at the number seven). Topics of the
experiments he reviewed included, "span of immediate
memory", "capacity for absolute judgements of the position of a dot
on a square", and (my favorite) "capacity for absolute judgements of saltiness | <urn:uuid:5bad0a5b-bfeb-494a-9f8a-d58ba4c75253> | 2013-05-21T17:11:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I am using OpenCover to determine code coverage for a simple C# project.
Although I can see MSTest running the unit tests (and succeeding) the generated report is empty.
This is the command I am using:
opencover.console.exe -register -arch:32 -target:"%VSINSTALLDIR%\Common7\IDE\mstest.exe" -targetargs:"/testcontainer:calculatortest.dll" -filter:+[calculator.dll]* -output:coverage.xml
Microsoft (R) Test Execution Command Line Tool Version 10.0.30319.1 Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Loading calculatortest.dll... Starting execution... Results Top Level Tests ------- --------------- Passed CalculatorTest.StatisticsTest.AddOccurrenceTest Passed CalculatorTest.StatisticsTest.AvgTest 2/2 test(s) Passed Summary ------- Test Run Completed. Passed 2 --------- Total 2 Results file: e:\Users\erno\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\CodeStatistics\CalculatorTest\bin\Debug\TestResults\erno_ERNO01 2011-07-01 14_27_06.trx Test Settings: Default Test Settings Visited Classes 0 of 0 (NaN) Visited Methods 0 of 0 (NaN) Visited Points 0 of 0 (NaN)
The content of the generated report:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <CoverageSession xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <VisitPoints /> </CoverageSession>
The code is running on Windows 7 64-bits but is executed in a 32-bit Visual Studio command prompt environment.
EDIT I am running the command in the directory with the debug build of the unit tests and I added the OpenCover directory to the environment path.
What I tried
I searched for similar problems with PartCover (because OpenCover appears to be a sort of branch) but could not find anything that matched the problem and presented a solution.
EDIT I also tested with a broader filter
-filter:+[*]* but this did not change the output in any way.
EDIT I also tested with the MSTest
/noisolation argument as mentioned here. Still no results.
EDIT I also tested by removing the filter completely and falling back to the default filter. No results. | <urn:uuid:99484584-38c0-45d4-8dc0-6dab254cea04> | 2013-05-21T17:10:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Title: The Way Things Are
Summary: Arthur and Francis are overjoyed when their shy son, Matthew, becomes fast friends with the new boy in his class. However, not everything is as it seems with Matthew’s new friend.
6. Any Warnings: None | <urn:uuid:a458fe71-b923-4686-abb4-0de1fd3d090e> | 2013-05-21T17:16:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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It is not at all astounding that we live in a time when men and boys are at greater risk than ever of being falsely accused and wrongly charged and convicted of rape. It is astounding that more people didn't see this time coming. The fact is, we've been planting the seeds for this day for decades. We've carefully cultivated, watered, and fertilized the soil from which it sprang. And now we are shocked to see the fruits of our labors in full bloom. How did this happen?
Professor Alan Dershowtz once made the seemingly innocuous statement that "the rules of evidence have been changed to make it easier to convict defendants of rape and harder to cross-examine alleged rape victims."
Dershowitz was right, of course, but he was attacked for saying it.
Dershowitz was referring to the rape reforms of the feminist revolution in the 70s and 80s. Those reforms led to rape shield laws that forbid inquiring into the accuser's sexual past with persons other than the defendant; the law that eliminated the requirement of corroboration; the laws that eliminated the requirements of force and resistance; and the law that made nonconsensual sex during marriage rape.
It would be dishonest in the extreme to refuse to acknowledge that these laws made it easier, and in truth, much easier, to obtain a conviction in a rape trial. Yet, Dershowitz was criticized for supposedly failing to appreciate that the laws reforming rape were designed to do nothing more than treat rape like other crimes.
The problem with that noble-sounding sentiment is that rape isn't like other crimes. The very physical act that constitutes rape is typically precisely the same physical act that constitutes the most natural and fundamental demonstration of love and bonding known to man -- an act that has been performed somewhere, in every land, among every people, every second of every day since the beginning of time. It is simplicity itself for women to transmogrify garden variety consensual intercourse into rape with nothing more than an after-the-fact declaration of non-consent.
Yet, advocates of rape reform point out that in pre-reform days, rape law was alone in requiring a prosecutor to provide corroboration for a victim's testimony. For example, a robber could be convicted on the victim's testimony alone; a rapist couldn't.
The crucial difference lies in the fact that the physical act of robbery doesn't also happen to be the same physical act that constitutes a fundamental and necessary act of human existence. It is, thus, naive to think that rape ever could, or should, be treated like other crimes. And that wasn't really the goal of rape reform advocates anyway. Their goal was to jack up rape convictions, and they have advocated numerous laws and policies to insure that rape isn't treated like other crimes -- that rape accusers are afforded special treatment not afforded any other criminal accuser. Many of these changes have been adopted, and here are a few:
▲Unlike any other criminal trial, a rape trial in federal court and in various state courts allows evidence of the defendant's commission of prior sexual assaults in order to show his propensity for committing the crime at issue. Under this rule, which is unique in all of American jurisprudence and condemned by many legal scholars, the jury is to be informed of the defendant's prior sexual assault even if the defendant was acquitted of it, so long as it is proven by just a preponderance of the evidence (far lower than beyond a reasonable doubt).
▲The UK compenstates victims of even non-forcible rape, and "over the clothing" sex acts, no matter how slight their injuries, but traditionally has refused to compensate men falsely accused of rape, no matter how egregious their harm. Last year, a court ruled that one falsely accused man (who has written to us -- I'll be writing about him next week), is entitled to compensation, but the UK is appealing that ruling.
▲Various U.S. states are extending and even abolishing statutes of limitations for rape; in contrast, false reports are often subject to a limited statute of limitations that will bar most claims if the woman's lie has its intended effect and her fraud is not discovered for several years.
▲Using polygraphs to test the credibility of rape claimants is verboten. To be eligible for VAWA funds, states and territories must certify that they prohibit polygraph testing of victims. VAWA provides: "No law enforcement officer, prosecuting officer, or other government official shall ask or require an adult, youth, or child victim of an alleged sex offense ... to submit to a polygraph examination or other truth telling device." In contrast, using polygraphs on men accused of rape is routine.
▲Rape accusers retain lifelong anonymity, either by law (UK) or by agreement of news sources (U.S.). In contrast, the mere allegation of rape, without any other evidence and no matter how far-fetched, invites a man's name to be splashed all over the newspaper, TV, radio, and Internet for the world to titillate at the details of his humiliation.
▲Many colleges have adopted policies not to punish underage drinking if it is discovered in connection with a sexual assault complaint. This rule does not apply to any other criminal complaint.
▲Rape accusers are afforded all manner of counseling and assistance funded by tax and tuition dollars. No similar assistance is afforded to victims of other crimes, least of all false rape claims.
And these are the milder reforms. Some feminist scholars want to reverse the presumption of consent for intercourse when a woman cries rape so that the burden is shifted to the male to prove consent. This would officially transform intercourse into a presumed crime whenever a woman says it was rape. And recently, the U.K. toyed with targets (quotas) for rape convictions.
Have these reforms made it easier to cry rape, charge for rape, and convict for rape? The question scarcely survives its statement. But they have also, by necessity, made it easier to falsely cry rape, and to wrongly charge and convict for rape.
No Reforms For The Presumed Innocent
While these reforms have been occurring, have there been any reforms to protect the presumed innocent who, too often, turn out to have been falsely accused?
Has any state increased the maximum or minimum sentence under its false reporting statute for rape claims?
Has any major news outlet withheld the names of men accused of rape until conviction?
In fact, while the rape reforms were being enacted, the only attention paid to the falsely accused has been to pretend they don't exist.
We have handed women and girls unprecedented power not only to bring their rapists to justice, but to destroy the lives of innocent males merely by crying rape. But we didn't bother to consider what we should do if they abuse that power. Every day, we see evidence that too many are abusing that power, but we are content to keep our heads in the sand because we've decided that the victimization of our daughters is more worthy of our protection than the victimization of our sons.
The result is that innocent men and boys are at greater risk than ever of being falsely accused, and wrongly charged and convicted, of rape. And that is a fact that should be intolerable to all civilized people. | <urn:uuid:23e7d175-802c-4357-976c-387584e88823> | 2013-05-21T17:16:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Beef Satay with Peanut Sauce
What is it about food on a stick? Is it that you feel like you're eating a Tootsie Pop, or maybe a Fudgsicle? I don't know. I just know that if you put it on a stick, my family will eat it.
Plus, this is just about a perfect recipe. It's sweet and limey and salty and just spicy enough to tingle your lips. And it's quick to assemble. I used flank steak, but I think this would be really good with chicken or tofu -- though with tofu, I'd marinate it longer, maybe even overnight. As for the peanut sauce, I might think about cutting it in half next time, as it made tons. But it is excellent on rice, so the leftovers are welcome.
Active time: 30 minutes
Total time: 1 hour
Yield: Serves 4
1 pound skirt or flank steak, trimmed
3 tablespoons fresh lime juice
2 tablespoons reduced-sodium soy sauce (okay, mine wasn't reduced-sodium, surprise, surprise)
1 tablespoon Asian fish sauce
2 teaspoons brown sugar
2 garlic cloves, minced
1/2 teaspoon curry powder
1/8 teaspoon crushed red pepper
16 (9-inch) bamboo skewers, soaked in water for 30 minutes
Peanut Sauce (Makes 1 2/3 cups):
1 tablespoon canola oil
1/4 cup minced shallots
2 garlic cloves, minced
3/4 teaspoon Thai red curry paste (we used Thai Kitchen brand)
1/3 cup creamy peanut butter
2 tablespoons hoisin sauce
2 teaspoons dark brown sugar
2/3 cup water
1 tablespoon fresh lime juice
- If using skirt steak, cut the meat crosswise into 4 pieces, each about 4 inches long. Slice each piece across the grain into 4 strips 1 inch wide. Lightly pound the strips to flatten them. If using flank steak, halve the meat lengthwise, then thinly slice it across the grain into 30 to 40 1/4-inch strips. (Tip: Partially freezing the meat for 45 minutes makes it easier to slice).
- Whisk the lime juice, soy sauce, fish sauce, dark brown sugar, garlic, curry powder, and crushed red pepper in a medium bowl. Add the steak and toss gently. Cover and set aside at room temperature for 30 minutes.
- Prepare your grill or heat a grill pan to medium-high. Lightly oil the grates or pan. Thread 1 piece of skirt steak, or 2 to 3 pieces of flank steak, onto the skewers, stretching each piece taut to maximize contact with the grill.
- Grill the skewers until the steak is seared and just cooked through, about 2 minutes per side. Serve with the Peanut Sauce. SAFETY NOTE: If you plan to eat right off the skewer, be sure to use bamboo (not metal) to avoid burns.
- For the Peanut Sauce: Heat the oil in a small saucepan. Add the shallots, garlic, and Thai red curry paste and sauté over medium-low heat until the shallots and garlic are just tender and fragrant, about 3 minutes.
- Stir in the peanut butter, hoisin sauce, dark brown sugar, and water. Bring the mixture to a boil and simmer for 1 minute. Stir in the lime juice and let the sauce cool slightly. Serve warm or at room temperature. | <urn:uuid:580584dc-26b8-432a-accf-fa954ca72757> | 2013-05-21T17:45:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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1) Is the Secret Keeper the one who casts the charm?
2) Can the Secret Keeper be the one who is being protected by the charm? (e.g. Could James have been his own Secret Keeper? Why/Why not?)
3) What happens if the Secret Keeper's (or Keepers's) memory (memories) is (are) wiped? | <urn:uuid:4d501127-a910-423c-b70a-1ad66eccf69e> | 2013-05-21T17:26:22Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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TheMusicOrTheMisery - Did you send it to Harry Potter or to Alexis Taylor? Lex is in charge of the sorting now, so you may need to resend it to her.
Lanie - When you are editing, try not to use the return key. If you can see the <br> tags, delete them.
Oppungo - Avatars cannot be larger than 19k. Files saved as .jpg are almost always too large. Try saving the file as a .gif, or if you have an image editing program try using the "save for web" option. That will compress it as much as possible. | <urn:uuid:7e4c9958-3156-45ef-8dc9-9150a804d10c> | 2013-05-21T17:39:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A man who knows when to keep silent can see a great deal. What did Kahn see in Selene when Viktor sent her after Michael? Not a Selene/Kahn pairing.
This is a response to Anthestria's Open Sketch Night challenge on Bloodfeud.
"Fear not my child. Absolution will be yours, the moment you kill the descendant of Corvinus, this ...Michael."
There was no questioning Viktor, at least not out loud.
It was a complete non-sequitur. Amelia was dead. The council, the foundation of power and order in all the covens, was lying in scraps on the floor of a train car. One great era of their kind had ended.
Selene was silent, but the look on her face hummed like a earthquake coming. This was something important and she wasn't happy about it.
The question shifted to the back as his mind ran in more familiar tracks. Orders. Preparations. Ammunition. Transportation.
Other tasks demanded his time. Even the best trained soldiers needed their officers in place. After each man was assembled in the hall, he leaned over to Selene and asked, "Who's this chap Viktor wants you to kill?"
Selene kept her eyes on the path in front of her. "No one."
There wasn't time for talking, not like they'd had two nights before when she'd blown a CC of silver suspension into a half-plaster bust. Still, there was a span of seconds in the armory. "What's all this about absolution?"
Something stirred the haunted look about Selene's eyes as she slid a spare clip of Ag rounds into place. "Nothing."
When the strike teams were ready to leave, he tossed Xavier the keys and turned to Selene again. "Why is this Michael so important? And where've I heard the name before?"
Selene tightened her seat belt around her waist. "Nowhere."
It wasn't the stillness of her voice as she said it. The seat belt. Why the seat belt? She never wore a damned seat belt.
Kahn's mind cleared. "Not the human that you brought back to the house?" he asked.
There was no answer.
"The one who pulled you out of the river? The one Erika's been going around saying was a--"
Two eyes as hard as wet agates turned to his.
There were others with them in the van, Viktor himself. Kahn kept his silence all the way to the city. The van stopped. The doors opened. He put a hand on her shoulder, just barely.
"I can get you a head start," he whispered. "That's all."
She didn't quite turn around. It was more of a tilting of her head back in his direction. After their years together, it was all the answer he needed.
Kahn's fingers settled in to grip his weapon. One great era of his life had ended. Whatever Selene was going to do, he could only let her go once.
It wasn't much, but it wasn't nothing. | <urn:uuid:ee14440e-46e5-4841-acb7-e3d14e44b9ac> | 2013-05-21T17:26:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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From NBC's Kelly O'Donnell
Dismissing President Barack Obama's opposition to earmarks as "an applause line," Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid told NBC News on Wednesday that the president should "back off" and let lawmakers continue to direct spending to their home districts.
Asked during a one-on-one interview with NBC whether Obama was wrong to promise a veto on any bill that contains earmarks, Reid quickly replied, "of course."
"This is an applause line," Reid said. "It's an effort by the White House to get more power. They've got enough power as it is."
Reid, along with other lawmakers who support earmarking, argues that eliminating the practice simply puts more discretion in the hands of executive branch officials who have authority to fund projects. "I have a Constitutional obligation to do congressionally directed spending," he said. "I know much more about what should be done in Elko [or] Las Vegas, Nevada, than some bureaucrat does back here."
Reid said voters should recognize that eliminating congressional earmarks does not, in itself, reduce spending but changes how the same money is spent.
"I think it's absolutely wrong and the public should understand that the president has enough power; he should back off and let us do what we do."
Suggesting almost dismissively that the president is playing to the crowd, he added that Obama may win "in the short term" with conservatives and those in the public who think that the practice should be nixed.
"The president thinks this will help him a little bit. You know, more power to him," he said. "But it's just wrong."
Despite this strong disagreement, Reid says the fight over earmarks will not cause a long-term rift with Obama.
"He's been around awhile. I've been around a while," he noted. "Just because he's wrong on this, [it] doesn't mean he's not right on almost everything else." | <urn:uuid:67075b10-14ef-4de9-b0c4-9d15ae5765f9> | 2013-05-21T17:37:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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On This Day - 9 July 1915
Theatre definitions: Western Front comprises the Franco-German-Belgian front and any military action in Great Britain, Switzerland, Scandinavia and Holland. Eastern Front comprises the German-Russian, Austro-Russian and Austro-Romanian fronts. Southern Front comprises the Austro-Italian and Balkan (including Bulgaro-Romanian) fronts, and Dardanelles. Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres comprises Egypt, Tripoli, the Sudan, Asia Minor (including Transcaucasia), Arabia, Mesopotamia, Syria, Persia, Afghanistan, Turkestan, China, India, etc. Naval and Overseas Operations comprises operations on the seas (except where carried out in combination with troops on land) and in Colonial and Overseas theatres, America, etc. Political, etc. comprises political and internal events in all countries, including Notes, speeches, diplomatic, financial, economic and domestic matters. Source: Chronology of the War (1914-18, London; copyright expired)
Austrian offensive on Zlota Lipa repulsed.
Italians capture Malga Sarta and Costa Bella (Trentino).
Asiatic and Egyptian Theatres
Bomb thrown at Sultan of Egypt.
Naval and Overseas Operations
South-west Africa conquered; German troops surrender unconditionally to General Botha.
Attempted torpedo attack on Cunarder "Orduna".
Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Commerce ratified at Lisbon.
Lord Kitchener appeals for more recruits at Guildhall.
Mr. Walter Long makes statement on conscription.
Export of gold prohibited in France. | <urn:uuid:449d48eb-25b5-4b9a-9b30-dd5cdc0bdb17> | 2013-05-21T17:09:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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When it comes to allergies there are many different types that may affect a person. How each person is affected by these allergies may also vary from one person to another. While some allergies may only be a bother during certain seasons others may be present year round. The ones which are triggered by things such as the blooming of certain flowers or trees or various other forms of pollen or mold which are found in the air are typically considered to be seasonal allergies. This is because these allergens are only present during specific seasons. The most commons seasons for dealing with seasonal allergies are spring and fall.
One of the most common triggers of seasonal allergies is pollen. This is produced by various different flowers when blooming and can be spread through the air. When the levels of pollen are high it causes a person to manifest the various symptoms of seasonal allergies. Various different trees may also present problems for allergy sufferers. Some of the most common types of trees that are known to produce allergy symptoms include oak, sycamore, elm, hickory, birch, cypress, walnut and maple. Tree and flower pollens are generally considered to be spring time allergens because this is typically when flowers and trees bloom.
Summer allergies are usually caused by various types of grass pollen. This is because late spring and summer are the times when grass grows the most. There are many different types of grass depending on the area in which you live. Grass allergies can be seasonal or year round especially if you come in direct contact such as when lying in the grass. This can often produce serious itching and in some cases hives.
Fall allergies are generally caused by various types of weeds such as ragweed, sagebrush and tumbleweed. In some areas however trees also produce pollen in the fall as well as in the spring.
In order to determine what specific pollens you may be allergic to it is generally necessary to consult with an allergist. This is a health care provider that specializes in treating and identifying various allergies. An allergist can perform various tests to determine what specific things you may be allergic to.
Once it has been determined what your specific allergies are your doctor will then be better able to determine what will be best to treat these allergies. This is important because in some cases some medications may not be suitable for all types of allergies. While seasonal allergies are often quite bothersome they are generally not life threatening except in very extreme cases. Knowing the correct medications to take to relieve or prevent allergy symptoms can go a long way in keeping you from spending those seasons in misery.
Even if your allergies don’t produce many symptoms it is still recommended to speak to your allergist. This is because over time these allergies may worsen and knowing about them is essential to proper treatment. | <urn:uuid:da1c2ff6-dbd4-4e00-9db4-cc4755ec5408> | 2013-05-21T17:43:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Abdul Qadeer Khan
Charles F. Kettering
Chris Van Allsburg
Jerry B. Jenkins
Linda M. Godwin
Ralph Waldo Emerson
SummaryH. L. Mencken was a famous Writer from USA, who lived between September 12, 1880 and January 29, 1956. He became 75 years old.
BiographyHenry Louis Mencken was an American journalist, editor, satirist and critic who was biting sharp in their analysis of American life and culture. He was also a literary scholar in American literature.
Mencken, known as "the sage from Balitmore," is considered one of the most influential American writers and pros in the first half of the 1900s.
Mencken wrote a great work The American Language (The American language), a strong pain in many volumes that analyzed how English was spoken and practiced in the United States. He was also known for his satirical reporting from the Scopes trial,("State Tennessee vs. Scopes"), a pioneering American litigation in 1925, where a biology teacher in high school, John T.Scopes, was accused of having violated the state Tennessee Butler law that made it illegal to teach evolution. Mencken renamed the trial to "Monkey trial", meaning "monkey trial". In addition to his literary skills were Mencken known for his controversial ideas. During both world wars were his sympathies on the German side, and he was very distrustful of what he characterized as "British propaganda".
He was an admirer of Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy, and wrote a major work which analyzed the German philosopher's texts. He wrote many articles on society, literature, music, prominent politicians, so-called experts, temperance, and was particularly critical of the anti-intellectual, bigotry, populism, Christian fundamentalism, creationism, organized religion, the question of the existence of God, and so-called alternative medicine. He was a keen admirer of scientific progress, but very skeptical of economic theories.
Zodiac etc.He is born under the zodiac virgo, who is known for Analyzing, Practical, Reflective, Observation, Thoughtful. Our collection contains 124 quotes who is written / told by L. Mencken, under the main topics: Love, History, Marriage, Men, Politics.
Related authors: Friedrich Nietzsche
Source / external links:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._L._Mencken
Famous quotes by H. L. Mencken (124)
"Bachelors know more about women than married men; if they didn't they'd be married too"
"The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary"
"We must respect the other fellow's religion, but only in the sense and to the extent that we respect his theory that his wife is beautiful and his children smart"
"It is inaccurate to say that I hate everything. I am strongly in favor of common sense, common honesty, and common decency. This makes me forever ineligible for public office"
"There is a saying in Baltimore that crabs may be prepared in fifty ways and that all of them are good"
"One may no more live in the world without picking up the moral prejudices of the world than one will be able to go to hell without perspiring"
"It is impossible to imagine the universe run by a wise, just and omnipotent God, but it is quite easy to imagine it run by a board of gods"
"I write in order to attain that feeling of tension relieved and function achieved which a cow enjoys on giving milk"
"Faith may be defined briefly as an illogical belief in the occurrence of the improbable"
"Each party steals so many articles of faith from the other, and the candidates spend so much time making each other's speeches, that by the time election day is past there is nothing much to do save turn the sitting rascals out and let a new gang in"
"We are here and it is now. Further than that, all human knowledge is moonshine"
"The most dangerous man to any government is the man who is able to think things out... without regard to the prevailing superstitions and taboos. Almost inevitably he comes to the conclusion that the government he lives under is dishonest, insane, intolerable"
"Nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American public"
"No matter how happily a woman may be married, it always pleases her to discover that there is a nice man who wishes that she were not"
"It is not materialism that is the chief curse of the world, as pastors teach, but idealism. Men get into trouble by taking their visions and hallucinations too seriously"
"I never lecture, not because I am shy or a bad speaker, but simply because I detest the sort of people who go to lectures and don't want to meet them"
"Nevertheless, it is even harder for the average ape to believe that he has descended from man"
"Every normal man must be tempted, at times, to spit on his hands, hoist the black flag, and begin slitting throats"
"Democracy is the theory that the common people know what they want, and deserve to get it good and hard"
"The older I grow the more I distrust the familiar doctrine that age brings wisdom"
"The difference between a moral man and a man of honor is that the latter regrets a discreditable act, even when it has worked and he has not been caught"
"Love is an emotion that is based on an opinion of women that is impossible for those who have had any experience with them"
"I hate all sports as rabidly as a person who likes sports hates common sense"
"Unquestionably, there is progress. The average American now pays out twice as much in taxes as he formerly got in wages"
"No matter how long he lives, no man ever becomes as wise as the average woman of forty-eight"
"Nine times out of ten, in the arts as in life, there is actually no truth to be discovered; there is only error to be exposed"
"It is now quite lawful for a Catholic woman to avoid pregnancy by a resort to mathematics, though she is still forbidden to resort to physics or chemistry"
"Every man sees in his relatives, and especially in his cousins, a series of grotesque caricatures of himself"
"Democracy is the art and science of running the circus from the monkey cage"
"A society made up of individuals who were all capable of original thought would probably be unendurable"
"A prohibitionist is the sort of man one couldn't care to drink with, even if he drank"
"A politician is an animal which can sit on a fence and yet keep both ears to the ground"
"A newspaper is a device for making the ignorant more ignorant and the crazy crazier"
"A national political campaign is better than the best circus ever heard of, with a mass baptism and a couple of hangings thrown in"
"A man always remembers his first love with special tenderness, but after that he begins to bunch them"
"A cynic is a man who, when he smells flowers, looks around for a coffin"
"A church is a place in which gentlemen who have never been to heaven brag about it to persons who will never get there"
"A bad man is the sort who weeps every time he speaks of a good woman"
"Women have simple tastes. They get pleasure out of the conversation of children in arms and men in love"
"Women always excel men in that sort of wisdom which comes from experience. To be a woman is in itself a terrible experience"
"Whenever you hear a man speak of his love for his country, it is a sign that he expects to be paid for it"
"Whenever a husband and wife begin to discuss their marriage they are giving evidence at a coroner's inquest"
"When women kiss it always reminds one of prize fighters shaking hands"
"When a new source of taxation is found it never means, in practice, that the old source is abandoned. It merely means that the politicians have two ways of milking the taxpayer where they had one before"
"Wealth - any income that is at least one hundred dollars more a year than the income of one's wife's sister's husband"
"There are men so philosophical that they can see humor in their own toothaches. But there has never lived a man so philosophical that he could see the toothache in his own humor"
"Theology is the effort to explain the unknowable in terms of the not worth knowing"
"The worst government is often the most moral. One composed of cynics is often very tolerant and humane. But when fanatics are on top there is no limit to oppression"
"The urge to save humanity is almost always a false front for the urge to rule"
"The theory seems to be that as long as a man is a failure he is one of God's children, but that as soon as he succeeds he is taken over by the Devil"
"The penalty for laughing in a courtroom is six months in jail; if it were not for this penalty, the jury would never hear the evidence"
"The basic fact about human existence is not that it is a tragedy, but that it is a bore. It is not so much a war as an endless standing in line"
"Strike an average between what a woman thinks of her husband a month before she marries him and what she thinks of him a year afterward, and you will have the truth about him"
"Self-respect: the secure feeling that no one, as yet, is suspicious"
"Say what you will about the ten commandments, you must always come back to the pleasant fact that there are only ten of them"
"Puritanism. The haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy"
"Poetry has done enough when it charms, but prose must also convince"
"Platitude: an idea (a) that is admitted to be true by everyone, and (b) that is not true"
"Opera in English is, in the main, just about as sensible as baseball in Italian"
"Most people are unable to write because they are unable to think, and they are unable to think because they congenitally lack the equipment to do so, just as they congenitally lack the equipment to fly over the moon"
"Morality is the theory that every human act must be either right or wrong, and that 99 % of them are wrong"
"Men have a much better time of it than women. For one thing, they marry later; for another thing, they die earlier"
"Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who would want to live in an institution?"
"Man weeps to think that he will die so soon; woman, that she was born so long ago"
"Man is always looking for someone to boast to; woman is always looking for a shoulder to put her head on"
"It is impossible to imagine Goethe or Beethoven being good at billiards or golf"
"It is hard to believe that a man is telling the truth when you know that you would lie if you were in his place"
"It is even harder for the average ape to believe that he has descended from man"
"It doesn't take a majority to make a rebellion; it takes only a few determined leaders and a sound cause"
"In this world of sin and sorrow there is always something to be thankful for; as for me, I rejoice that I am not a Republican"
"In the duel of sex woman fights from a dreadnought and man from an open raft"
"I believe that all government is evil, and that trying to improve it is largely a waste of time"
"Archbishop - A Christian ecclesiastic of a rank superior to that attained by Christ"
"An idealist is one who, on noticing that roses smell better than a cabbage, concludes that it will also make better soup"
"All men are frauds. The only difference between them is that some admit it. I myself deny it"
"A Sunday school is a prison in which children do penance for the evil conscience of their parents"
"I believe in only one thing: liberty; but I do not believe in liberty enough to want to force it upon anyone"
"Have you ever watched a crab on the shore crawling backward in search of the Atlantic Ocean, and missing? That's the way the mind of man operates"
"Giving every man a vote has no more made men wise and free than Christianity has made them good"
"For it is mutual trust, even more than mutual interest that holds human associations together. Our friends seldom profit us but they make us feel safe. Marriage is a scheme to accomplish exactly that same end"
"For every complex problem there is an answer that is clear, simple, and wrong"
"For centuries, theologians have been explaining the unknowable in terms of the-not-worth-knowing"
"Democracy is only a dream: it should be put in the same category as Arcadia, Santa Claus, and Heaven"
"Democracy is also a form of worship. It is the worship of Jackals by Jackasses"
"Democracy is a pathetic belief in the collective wisdom of individual ignorance"
"Conscience is the inner voice that warns us that someone might be looking"
"Communism, like any other revealed religion, is largely made up of prophecies"
"Before a man speaks it is always safe to assume that he is a fool. After he speaks, it is seldom necessary to assume it" | <urn:uuid:1bbadb08-085b-49d6-81c6-008ea75e7217> | 2013-05-21T17:45:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Author Notes: This recipe was inspired by a recipe I came across on LunaCafe with several tweaks and variations. I always like a "kick" in my soup to keep my body & soul warm during the cold winter months! - anniefeldman
- 2 tablespoons butter
- 1 tablespoon extra virgin olive oil
- 2 small-medium sized cauliflower heads
- 3 large leeks
- 1 yellow onion
- 3 garlic cloves
- 2-3 whole carrots
- 1 tablespoon dulcet madras curry mustard (or 2 teaspoons Dijon mustard and one teaspoon yellow curry powder)
- 4 cups vegetable (or chicken) stock
- 1 teaspoon sea salt
- freshly ground pepper
- 1 teaspoon red pepper (preferable cayenne)
- sour cream
- 2 handfuls fresh watercress
- Wash leeks and slice the white and pale green sections. Chop onion.
- Melt butter and olive oil in a soup pot. Add leek and onion to pot. Let cook slowly for about 15 minutes.
- While leeks and onions cook, chop up cauliflower into small florets. Then slice carrots or grate into fine pieces. Slice garlic.
- Add mustard/curry and garlic. Stir to combine.
- Add cauliflower, carrots, and stock and bring to simmer.
- Simmer until cauliflower and carrots are tender (about 15 minutes)
- Puree the soup with an immersion blender or you can let the soup cool and puree in a blender or processor)
- (optional) Adjust consistency and taste by adding ½ -1 cup of coconut milk or water.
- Add ½ teaspoon of cayenne pepper and puree once more.
- Add salt and white or black pepper to taste.
- Ladle into serving bowls. Garnish each serving with a dollop of sour cream and a few watercress leaves.
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Leeks | <urn:uuid:4ce15739-70c4-45bc-ad83-6b092fc6e7d6> | 2013-05-21T17:18:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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