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Valentina is cross-platform SQL and non-SQL columnar database that allows development of client-server [Web] solutions and applications with an embedded local database using the same sources. Valentina DB provides an Object-Relational model, but you can also mix Relational and Extended Navigational. It introduces a revolutionary model abstraction "Link" that greatly simplifies db schema, and therefore simplifies SQL queries. It supports disk and in-memory databases, and field types including Bit, BLOB, Pictures, and Enum. It provides advanced features such as triggers, views, stored procedures, regular expressions, XML, full-text search, and calculated fields. It exists as Valentina Server, Valentina Studio, and a set of Valentina ADKs for all major programming languages.
Aspose.Tasks is a non-graphical .NET Project management component which enables .NET applications to read, write, and manage Project documents without utilizing Microsoft Project. With Aspose.Tasks, you can read and change tasks, recurring tasks, resources, resource assignments, relations, and calendars. Aspose.Tasks works well with both WinForm and WebForm applications.
MUSCLE (Multi User Server Client Linking Environment) is an N-way messaging server and networking API. It includes client-side networking APIs for various languages, including C, C++, C#, Delphi, Java, and Python. MUSCLE lets programs communicate over a network via streams of serialized Message objects. The included server program ("muscled") lets its clients message each other and store information in its server-side hierarchical database. The database supports flexible queries via hierarchical wildcarding, and "live" updates via a subscription mechanism.
CodeBase is a high-speed xBASE compatible database engine for C/C++, Visual Basic, Delphi & Java programmers. You can use CodeBase to write high performance database applications that are multi-user compatible with FoxPro, dBASE and Clipper, create anything from a Java applet to a full-blown Windows database application to a simple DOS utility, write scalable applications that can be deployed as single-user, multi-user or client/server, all without changing any of your source code, and port your applications to Windows, DOS, UNIX, OS/2, and Macintosh. There's a free 30-Day Test Drive option available. CodeBase is available for every major operating system including Windows XP, 2000, 9x, NT, CE, DOS, OS/2, Macintosh, and a variety of Linux and UNIX platforms including Solaris, SunOS, HP/UX, AIX, SCO, and others.
SQLpp is an SQL query generation framework for C++ and .NET. Its main features are .NET assembly, automatic SQL code generation, multiple database support, solving table joins puzzles, support for update, insert, and select queries, C# class wrapper generation (generates an entire Data Abstraction Layer), generation of a DAL for DotNetNuke or your application, Graphviz database representation generation, and smart stored procedure generation. | <urn:uuid:b63f8281-d1c2-4d0c-bd2f-bae24e6c86b9> | 2013-05-24T02:07:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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My ancestor is Isaiah Jeremiah FERGUSON and his Australian descendants have been thoroughly documented by the family. We know that Isaiah Jeremiah's parents were John (a soldier) and Margaret (nee Elliott) and that he was born in Cork, Ireland for these statements were made by the informant (son Robert Wesley) on his death certificate. Isaiah's father is, by deduction, John Ferguson who was discharged from the Cavan Militia in 1829. He was buried 10 June 1847 in the parish of Ballymachugh, county Cavan. The analysis supporting that deduction, a subject of continuing research, is presented here: Ferguson of Tullyboy.The earliest record that has been found of Isaiah is from the Tithe Applotment Books for the parish of Aghabog in County Monaghan, 1833. There have been Ferguson in Aghabog since at least 1663 and thus leads to a topic of current research, i.e. the Ferguson of Aghabog.
Isaiah's first wife was Ann LAHY. In accordance with custom of the day, they married in her parish at St. Paul's Ballymachugh, county Cavan, Ireland on 10 June 1833. They were tenants of Lord Farnham at Clonlohan just north of Ballymachugh until 1839 when Isaiah purchased a farm at Rathwire, Killucan, county Westmeath. After 26 years of marriage, sadly, Ann died in 1859.
In the biography of his son William Jeremiah Ferguson, Gympie, Australia it is stated that William is the "descendant of an old Westmeath family". Herein lies yet another avenue of current research - Joseph Ferguson of Mullingar, M.D.
On March 9, 1864 at 1st Ballybay Pres Church, Derryvalley, county Monaghan Isaiah married Elizabeth BREAKEY. They and their children Robert Wesley FERGUSON, Henry John FERGUSON and Elizabeth Mary FERGUSON emigrated to Gympie, Australia in 1871 aboard the Indus and later moved to Brisbane.
Francis LAHY or Francis LAHEY as he was later known in Australia was Isaiah's brother in law by his first wife. The Lahey family proved to be quite prominent in Australian history - they became Queensland's largest timber operators in the early 1900s and they were influential in establishing National Parks in Queensland. Francis was given some land by the governor of Queensland, Sir George Ferguson BOWEN, and a part of it he named Bellissima Forest after the ship that brought him and his family from Ireland to Australia. The name Bellissima is Italian for most beautiful. Isaiah ultimately bought said forest and refered to the house as Bellissima. The home was demolished in 1953 to accommodate what is now the Nyanda High School, Salisbury, Brisbane.
Census Records | Vital Records | Family Trees & Communities | Immigration Records | Military Records Directories & Member Lists | Family & Local Histories | Newspapers & Periodicals | Court, Land & Probate | Finding Aids | <urn:uuid:0937f579-9f71-4f48-a052-5a34ccac96ed> | 2013-05-24T01:50:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Part 5: Is Pronoia Just for Rich, Comfortable People?(excerpted from the revised and expanded edition of
Pronoia Is the Antidote for Paranoia)
Is pronoia an attitude that only makes sense in the privileged enclaves of the Western world? Or is the developing world experiencing bounties and blessings that remain under-reported in the mainstream media? In the last four weeks, I've been exploring these subjects. This week, I continue the exploration.
Since 1973, Freedom House has evaluated the global state of civil liberties, democratic institutions, and independent media. Its research suggests that the world is steadily becoming more free, and is now the most free it has ever been.
In 1973, Freedom House said that 29 percent of the world's countries were free, 25 percent were "partly free," and 46 percent were "not free."
By 2009, the figures were dramatically improved: 46 percent of the nations on the planet were free, 32 percent were "partly free," and 22 percent were "not free." In 36 years, the percentage of "not free" countries had dropped by over 50 percent.
Of the world's 193 countries evaluated in the most recent report, 151 were judged to be free or partly free. This group accounts for 94 percent of the world's gross domestic product. Freedom House concluded that the majority of the planet's economic, technological, and military resources belong to electoral democracies.
(Some progressives have complained that Freedom House is not sufficiently strong in reporting the abuses of freedom perpetrated by the U.S. and its allies. I think there may be some merit to their arguments, and I don't mean to imply that Freedom House is the ultimate and sole authority in the assessment of global freedom. However, it's also true that the organization assailed the Bush Administration's policies on interrogation and detention during its so-called War of Terror, and has over the years given low rankings to countries the U.S. considers friendly, like Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Chile, and Guatemala.)
(There's also this: In 2009, Forbes magazine named Fareed Zakaria as one of the 25 most influential liberals in the American media. Here's his opinion about Freedom House, published in Newsweek: "While there are many sources of economic data, good political data is hard to find. Freedom House's survey is an exception. For anyone concerned with the state of freedom, or simply with the state of the world, its 'Freedom in the World' is an indispensable guide.")
Richard Falk is a professor of international law at Princeton, and has served on the editorial boards of The Nation and The Progressive magazines as well as on two different United Nations human rights organizations. Writing in the magazine Foreign Policy, he said the following: "Every reliable human rights indicator suggests progress in the direction of self-determination and democratization in all parts of the world."
But then what about the observers who theorize that human rights are in alarming decline? "As with cancer and other diseases," responds Falk, "the ability to identify human rights abuses more accurately and treat their symptoms more effectively creates the illusion that the disease itself is more prevalent."
Read Falk's essay here.
The United Nations organization UNESCO tracks literacy rates. Its latest news is very good. In 1950, 56 percent of the world's population could read and write. As of 2009, that figure had risen to 84 percent. The most dramatic improvement has occurred among young women. For example, not quite half of South Asian females were literate in 1990, while 75 percent are now. There were 10 million East Asian girls who couldn't read in 2000, but that had fallen to a million by 2009.
"There is a strong current of thought in the field of development economics," wrote Andrew Leonard in Salon.com, commenting on this report, "that the single most important factor in improving a variety of outcomes in the developing world -- whether it be overpopulation, economic growth, violence against women, public health -- is increasing female education levels."
Read Part One of the series.
Read Part Two of the series.
Read Part Three of the series.
Read Part Four of the series.
© 1995-2013 -- Rob Brezsny. All rights reserved | <urn:uuid:da4437b6-f79a-4618-b1ef-ea70d9030ad5> | 2013-05-24T01:59:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Federal Trade Commission today issued an administrative complaint against Union Oil Company of California (Unocal) for allegedly committing fraud in connection with regulatory proceedings before the California Air Resources Board (CARB) regarding the development of reformulated gasoline (RFG).
According to the FTC's complaint, in the 1990s, Unocal illegally acquired monopoly power in the technology market for producing Phase 2 "summer-time" CARB gasoline - a formulation of low-emissions gasoline mandated for sale and use in California for up to eight months of the year - by misrepresenting, among other things, that certain information was non-proprietary and in the public domain, while at the same time pursuing a patent that would enable it to charge substantial royalties if the information were used by CARB. As a result, if Unocal is permitted to enforce its patent rights, companies producing Phase 2 "summer-time" CARB gasoline would be required to pay royalties to Unocal to use the patented technology. According to Unocal's own expert, approximately 90 percent of this royalty charge is likely to be passed on to California consumers through higher retail gas prices. Unocal's enforcement of its RFG patents, according to the FTC, could thus potentially result in hundreds of millions of dollars per year in additional consumer costs as a result of Unocal's exercise of its monopoly power.
The FTC complaint further contends that during the CARB rulemaking, Unocal misled industry groups that were participating in the process with regard to its proprietary interests, and that its conduct has resulted in anticompetitive effects in the downstream market for RFG in California, to the detriment of the state's consumers.
"While companies are and must be free to petition the government, the right to petition does not include the right to commit fraud during the CARB regulatory process to obtain monopoly power," said Joe Simons, Director of the FTC's Bureau of Competition. "As a result of Unocal's behavior, companies producing Phase 2 'summer-time' CARB gasoline are liable to pay Unocal very substantial royalties. This action is designed to prevent harm to California consumers that could total hundreds of millions of dollars per year."
Alleged Anticompetitive Conduct
According to the Commission's complaint, Unocal, headquartered in El Segundo, California, violated Section 5 of the FTC Act by subverting California's regulatory standard-setting proceedings relating to low-emissions gasoline. To address California's air pollution concerns, CARB initiated rulemaking proceedings in the late 1980s to determine "cost-effective" regulations and standards governing the composition of low-emissions RFG. Unocal actively participated in these proceedings, the end result of which was the implementation of standards for the production of Phase 2 CARB gasoline. During the rulemaking, Unocal also worked with the industry groups that provided information to CARB during the RFG standard-setting process.
The FTC complaint states that during the RFG rulemaking process, between 1990 and 1994, Unocal made materially false and misleading statements to CARB and other regulatory participants regarding its emissions research results. These research results showed, among other things, the effects of midpoint distillation temperature of gasoline - a property known as T50 - on automobile emissions. While stating that its emissions research results were "nonproprietary" and "in the public domain," according to the FTC's complaint, Unocal failed to disclose that it had pending patent claims on these research results, and that it intended to assert its proprietary interests in the future. The FTC contends that throughout the CARB rulemaking process, Unocal, in its interactions with CARB and other industry participants, intentionally perpetuated the materially false and misleading impression that it had relinquished, or would not enforce, any proprietary interests in its emissions research results regarding T50.
Although the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office notified Unocal in July 1992 that most of its pending patent claims based on its emissions research had been allowed, the FTC alleges that the company concealed this information from CARB and other industry participants during the RFG proceedings.
Resulting Competitive Harm
According to the FTC's complaint, Unocal's alleged misrepresentations have harmed competition and led directly to the acquisition of monopoly power for the technology to produce and supply California "summer-time" RFG, which is mandated from (approximately) March through October. Unocal's "patent ambush" also has allegedly permitted the company to undermine competition and harm consumers in the downstream product market for "summer-time" RFG in California.
In the absence of Unocal's alleged fraud, the FTC's complaint contends, either CARB would not have adopted RFG regulations that substantially overlapped with Unocal's patent claims, the terms on which Unocal was later able to enforce its proprietary interests would have been substantially different, or both.
Unocal's first patent, Patent No. 5,288,393 (the '393 patent) was issued in February 1994, although Unocal did not publicly announce the issuance of this patent and its intention to seek royalties until January 31, 1995. By this time, the refining industry had made billions of dollars in capital expenditures to reconfigure refineries to produce CARB-compliant RFG by the March 1996 effective date of the CARB Phase 2 regulations. Following Unocal's public announcement of the '393 patent in January 1995, the complaint states, the company has obtained four additional patents and vigorously enforced its RFG patent rights through licensing and litigation.
Unocal's enforcement of its RFG patents has led to a court ruling that the major refiners currently producing CARB gasoline that infringes on the '393 patent must pay Unocal 5.75 cents per gallon. Unocal also has filed suit against Valero Energy Company to enforce the '393 patent and its fourth RFG patent, No. 5,837,126 (the '126 patent), and is seeking 5.75 cents per gallon in royalties. The complaint alleges that Unocal's enforcement of its patents could potentially impose hundreds of millions of dollars per year in additional costs to the state's consumers, based on the expert testimony of Unocal's own economic expert that 90 percent of any royalty would be passed on to drivers in the form of higher retail gas prices.
Relief Sought by the Commission
The FTC contends that, through the behavior described in the complaint, Unocal illegally monopolized, attempted to monopolize, and otherwise engaged in unfair methods of competition in the technology market for the production and supply of CARB-compliant "summer-time" RFG. In addition, the FTC contends that Unocal attempted to monopolize and engaged in unfair methods of competition in the downstream CARB "summer-time" RFG market.
Through its complaint, the FTC will seek an order requiring Unocal to cease all efforts it has undertaken to claim infringement or otherwise enforce its RFG patents against companies manufacturing, selling, distributing, or otherwise using motor gasoline to be sold in California. In addition, the Commission will seek an order barring Unocal from undertaking any new efforts to claim infringement or otherwise enforce these patents in the future against companies manufacturing, selling, distributing, or otherwise using motor gasoline to be sold in California. The FTC also is seeking the appointment of a Commission-approved compliance officer to serve as the company's sole representative for communicating Unocal's relevant patent rights to any standard-setting organization of which it is a member and/or any state or federal agency that conducts a rulemaking proceeding in which the company participates.
The Commission vote to issue the administrative complaint was 5-0.
NOTE: The Commission issues or files a complaint when it has "reason to believe" that the law has been or is being violated, and it appears to the Commission that a proceeding is in the public interest. The complaint is not a finding or ruling that the named parties have violated the law. The administrative complaint marks the beginning of a proceeding in which the allegations will be ruled upon after a formal hearing by an administrative law judge.
Copies of the complaint are available from the FTC's Web site at http://www.ftc.gov and also from the FTC's Consumer Response Center, Room 130, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20580. The FTC's Bureau of Competition seeks to prevent business practices that restrain competition. The Bureau carries out its mission by investigating alleged law violations and, when appropriate, recommending that the Commission take formal enforcement action. To notify the Bureau concerning particular business practices, call or write the Office of Policy and Evaluation, Room 394, Bureau of Competition, Federal Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Ave, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20580, Electronic Mail: email@example.com; Telephone (202) 326-3300. For more information on the laws that the Commission enforces, the FTC has published "Promoting Competition, Protecting Consumers: A Plain English Guide to Antitrust Laws," which can be accessed at http://www.ftc.gov/bc/compguide/index.htm.
(FTC File No.: 011-0214) | <urn:uuid:130c9646-29a3-4ab7-8b46-612526b1346e> | 2013-05-24T01:51:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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my network server engine has this architecture and has 3 main threads: SocketServerThread, ScheduledThread, GameServerThread. Game data is stored into DB, so there are other threads for DB connections (using a connectionPool)
-SocketServerThread manages all I/O data and new connections. When this thread receives data, it build a "input" message like (lenght:short, code:int, data:bytes) and send it to a shared structure: inputPriorityQueue. SocketServerThread produces "input" message and the only one that consume "outputMessage"
ScheduledThread manages specific scheduled events (game logic events and general server events) These events aren't generated by players inputs/actions, but usually by interal Cron jobs or scheduler. Example of these events are Monster AI, or player logout per x seconds inactivity. This thread can generate "input" message too, and put them in the "inputPriorityQueue" (processed by GameServerThread) or output messages, processed by SocketServerThread.
Then Another thread, GameServerThread, read "messages" from inputPriorityQueue, process them, update game server status and produces messages in the outputPriorityQueue.
SocketServerThread every 35ms reads all message it could read from "outputPriorityQueue" in a fixed maximum interval (for example 20ms), then for the other 15ms it is free to manage socket new connections and socket new incoming data.
SocketServerThread Appends all socket avaible data into the Client buffer data, and checks this client buffer data for composing all "input" message it cans.
SocketServerThread is the only one who can consume outputPriorityQueue message.
The queues(input and output) are Priorityqueue, so i can manage message processing order.. for example, a server message like: "Server will be restarted in 30 seconds" could have a higher priority and processed immediatly. | <urn:uuid:52f68c36-d230-4ffe-a0c0-b78587d4a590> | 2013-05-24T01:58:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Join games.on.net today and gain direct access to:
full game file for The Desolate Hope, a side-scrolling/top-down platformer.
On a distant edge of an unknown planet, an abandoned structure sits in silence. Constructed by an unmanned research vessel sent from Earth, the Lun Infinus station was designed to run simulations for a five year period, exploring possibilities of human colonization in the case that Earth became uninhabitable. Developed during an age of ambition and wealth, the project was quickly abandoned when interest faded in the following years. The last transmission from Earth occurred more than thirty years ago...
The Lun Infinus station contained five sentient computers, Derelicts, built with certain levels of mobility in the case of emergency or need for relocation. Each of these Derelicts was to formulate their own plan for colonization based on thousands of hours of simulations. Given the amount of time that has passed however, the simulations have become very elaborate and bizarre.
Meanwhile however, a mysterious computer virus has emerged. The virus of unknown origins has been slowly ravaging the Derelicts. Because of this, more and more CPU processing power has been needed for anti-virus measures, leaving less power for the simulations.
Coffee is the last mobile resident of the station, a small service robot who spends his days keeping the station and the Derelicts operational as they perform their daily tasks. Since CPU power is slim, Coffee has been cutting corners to find ways around the virus. By using small subsystems and less vital CPU’s scattered through the station in lesser devices, Coffee has designed a line of digital helpers, each simply called a D-Co, or “Digital Counterpart”, to assist him in fighting the virus and keeping the station operational. Eventually the virus gets the best of each D-Co, and Coffee tries to create an improved D-Co using a different CPU. The latest is D-Co 9, built using the code of a simple computer game. Coffee dedicates his own CPU to be used for the main simulations, putting D-Co in charge of moving his body throughout the station, taking care of the needs of the Derelicts, and fighting off virus attacks when they occur.
We know you love cheap games, so we are proud to work with Green Man Gaming to deliver the best prices in Australia for all gamers. Check out The Desolate Room on Green Man Gaming today! | <urn:uuid:5553d330-871a-4974-8f4d-e6252c281802> | 2013-05-24T01:46:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Congressional security sent a memo to all House members today outlining a three-step response guide for encounters with gunmen: "run, hide, and if all else fails, attack," as Politico summarizes. Why does the fun response have to be last?
Recommendations like this won't help them when they have zero seconds to respond, as was Rep. Gabrielle Giffords' case. That was the worst possible scenario. But it's important, albeit chilling, for the Sergeant at Arms to use this opportunity to brief members on protocol. First you run. Then hide. And if neither of these work, then fine, go completely nuts and send that chickenshit crying for mommy:
It instructs readers first to try to get away from a shooter, then to hide, and finally "as a last resort, and only when your life is in imminent danger, attempt to disrupt and/or incapacitate the active shooter by: Acting as aggressively as possible against him/her; Throwing items and improvising weapons; Yelling; [and] Committing to your actions."
This is also a good formula for encounters with members of the press, which are much more common. It shouldn't be too hard. Try flicking ballpoint pens and old tissues at them while screaming lyrics to "Since U Been Gone;" see if they still want their precious "quote."
[Image via AP] | <urn:uuid:59e93b92-1471-414d-b04c-c85e6152fe20> | 2013-05-24T01:51:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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What is an Advance Directive?
None of us, but especially seniors, is immune to serious illness or injury. When these conditions are so severe that death is imminent, it is important that doctors, family, and friends know your wishes in those situations. One way to share your wishes is through an advance directive.
Advance directives are a legally binding document that expresses your wishes in the event of serious illness or injury. These documents can be quite detailed or quite general. One detail is what you want done in each specific medical possibility. For example:
- What do you want done if you stop breathing?
- What do you want done if you develop inoperable cancer? What about tumors?
- Do you want breathing machines or feeding tubes used?
These documents empower someone to make decisions about your medical care if you are unable to make these decisions yourself.
It makes sense to speak with the people you appoint. Let them know your wishes. Only appoint people who are willing to accept the responsibility of making medical decisions for you when are no longer able to make them for yourself. Also be sure and discuss your wishes with those close to you such as your family or friends.
Such documents must follow the laws in your state in order to be legally binding. It is best to have one or two people witness and sign the document. In order for these documents to be effective, your doctor and hospital must have copies.
Do I Need One?
It is important for senior citizens to prepare these documents. However, any of us at any age may encounter a life threatening illness or injury. If you have strong feelings about what you want done in these situations, you need to have these wishes written down in a legally binding document.
What is a Living Will?
A living will is a type of advance directive. It is a document outlining explicit instructions regarding medical treatment and life-sustaining procedures if you are permanently unconscious or terminally ill. Usually, a doctor (or even two) will have to certify that you are in either of these states before the living will comes into effect. Since modern medicine now has the ability to prolong life indefinitely, it is necessary to prepare a living will when you are still healthy in body and mind.
What is a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care?
A durable power of attorney for health care names someone to manage your health care and make all medical treatment decisions for you when you are not able to. This person is usually called a “healthcare proxy” or a healthcare agent.”
Your chosen representative can make decisions such as consenting or refusing treatment, choosing doctors, selecting medical care facilities, and accessing medical records. This durable power of attorney usually does not give explicit instructions to the healthcare agent. This is another reason why it’s important to have an advance directive that provides this person with your wishes.
What is a Do Not Resuscitate Order?
Do not resuscitate orders or DNRs tell doctors and hospitals what you want done should your breathing or heart stop functioning. Examples of treatment that you can decline include CPR, artificial respiration, medicine to keep your heart functioning, artificial nutrition, or specific surgeries.
If you fill out a DNR, your doctor should put the order in your medical records. Without a DNR order, hospitals will typically do what they can to resuscitate someone whose heart has stopped. DNR orders are especially important for seniors with a heart condition.
Resources for Preparing an Advance Directive
Sometimes your medical facility will have these forms on hand for you to express your wishes. You will sign the document and have it witnessed right there in the hospital, long term care facility, or doctor’s office. The doctors and nurses caring for you want to make sure that your decisions are honored.
Another option is to contact your state bar association or state government office for the proper forms.
You can also hire an attorney who is knowledgeable in health care directives. Working with an attorney helps ensure that your directive meets the state legal requirements. It does no good to prepare a health care directive if it is not legally recognized.
Another option for obtaining a health care directive is purchasing software that allows you to fill in your information and print the document. By searching online you can find online services that will guide you through preparing the directive.
It may be unpleasant to think of serious illness and death. Detailing your wishes in advance will relieve some stress from you and your family in these situations.
What’s A Caregiver?
A caregiver or home health aide is an individual that gives personal care to patients in a large variety of settings, although their role may vary greatly from one setting to another. Caregiving often takes place in the patient’s home, but may also be available in nursing homes, assisted living facilities and even hospitals. Often the patient is elderly, but sometimes an illness necessitates the need for a paid companion in the home to assist an adult or care for a child.
What Does A Caregiver Do In The Home?
Essentially, the main purpose of a home care helper is the responsibility they shoulder for assisting their patients with their physical and cognitive health. The variety of duties performed by the caregiver depends on the needs of the patient.
Some of the more common duties in the home environment include:
- Grooming assistance for brushing teeth, bathing, shaving, nail care and toileting as required.
- Monitoring medications and reminding patients to take medications.
- Assisting the patient with exercise, which may include simply providing help with walking around the house or moving in place.
- Helping the patient maintain their memory.
- Deciding the number of meals that are required to meet the patient’s nutritional needs.
- Preparing meals, then, cleaning up the items related to the meals.
- Performing necessary grocery shopping or errands with or without the patient.
- Check foods in the patient’s pantry for expiration dates.
- Providing conversation and companionship.
- Light housekeeping duties, such as dusting and vacuuming, making beds, doing laundry, and maintaining sanitation.
- Accompanying the patient to doctor appointments as necessary.
- Notifying doctors of any significant change in the patient’s condition.
More serious home situations may be supervised by a Senior Helper RN, who should complete a customized plan of care and supervise the home health aide.
Approximately 90 percent of dependent patients use the services of a home health care service or a family member to keep the patient at home, rather than in a nursing home. Patients who have mild to moderate cognitive impairment still want to be involved in decisions concerning their care and their life. A physician will often set the boundaries to ensure the responsibility for medical decisions do not fall on the shoulders of the home companion.
When is Caregiving Needed?
There are some simple ways to assess when a loved one might need to have in-home care. Does the person:
- Have trouble with their normal movement around the house such as getting from the bedroom to bathroom?
- Need medical assistance such as cleaning wounds or administering insulin?
- Need help with normal daily activities such as bathing and getting dressed?
Obviously, a person affected by dementia or Alzheimer’s disease needs help in the home. Changes in eating habits, personal hygiene, social habits and any safety issues that might occur in the home all need to be evaluated.
Hiring a personal companion for your loved one can also help relieve the stress on family members, and it assures the family members that their loved one is receiving proper care. This help can be critical if the family member doesn’t live near the loved one.
Is Caregiving Available Outside the Home?
Most seniors would like to have caregiving take place in their own home. There are situations, however, when the person who is ill will receive more appropriate care in an institution.
Caregivers working in an assisted living facility or nursing home, like home caregivers, assist patients with their activities of daily living. The health aide can also play an important role in helping patients experience meaningful leisure activities, which helps keep the patient’s mind active. Demonstrating compassion for those suffering from Alzheimer’s disease or dementia is essential. Often the companion works with pets, particularly dogs, cats or birds, as these pets can provide a great deal of pleasure for the patient. Sometimes caregiver working hours in these facilities can be irregular and include weekends or holidays.
Caregiving can be difficult work, whether the patient is a senior citizen, a parent, a spouse or a child with special needs. Family members are often caregivers, which can be quite stressful as they are on-call 24 hours a day, seven days a week. In these cases good caregiver resources may involve support groups, which can be quite helpful.
Caregiver resources should include information on the role of Medicare for patients. Specific classes that can provide useful training are often available to empower the companion or home care helper.
Resources are available at the following sites:
http://caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/home.jsp Family Caregiver Alliance home page
http://www.caregiving.com/ A community of family caregivers sharing stories, support and solutions
http://www.caregiverresource.net/ Caregiver Resources.
http://www.caregiverslibrary.org/home.aspx National Caregivers Library full of useful information in all areas of caregiving
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/homecareservices.html U.S. Government resources about Home Care Services
http://www.medicare.gov/campaigns/caregiver/caregiver.html Information about caregiving from Medicare
http://womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/caregiver-stress.cfm#c Specific information about caregiver stress | <urn:uuid:3764b5c0-be64-4132-a47b-ea9311b0b318> | 2013-05-24T01:36:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Monday, August 18, 2008
Preface: If you question the FBI's anthrax investigation, but don't want to read anything questioning the government's 9/11 investigation, please read this first.
There are numerous parallels between the anthrax and 9/11 investigations. This essay will touch on a couple of them.
1. Continuously-Changing Story When Caught in Misstatements
The government has continuously changed it story each time it has been caught in a misstatement in both the anthrax and 9/11 investigations.
AnthraxWhen it was pointed out that the FBI's timeline made no sense, they simply changed it without explanation.
And the government initially claimed that Iraq was behind the attack. When the Iraqi connection was disproven, the government tried to blame it on Mark Hatfill. After Hatfill won a multi-million dollar judgment against the FBI for defamation, they had to change their tune yet again.
"In April, it was reported that the FBI had been focusing on as many as four suspects. Fox News identified them as a “former deputy commander,” presumably in the U.S. Army, a “leading anthrax scientist,” and “a microbiologist.” The fourth suspect was given no description. Now the bureau is “confident that Dr. Ivins was the only person responsible for these attacks,” according to the assurances of the U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia."And yet, after Ivins' death, the FBI is now trying to pin it solely on the dead guy.
The military put out 3 entirely different stories about what happened on 9/11. Specifically, Norad was forced to give 3 entirely different versions of what happened that day, as each previous version was exposed as false, or as providing evidence that the government could in fact have intercepted the hijacked planes had they followed standard protocols.
The Senior Counsel to the 9/11 Commission, who led the 9/11 staff's inquiry, said "I was shocked at how different the truth was from the way it was described .... The tapes told a radically different story from what had been told to us and the public for two years.... This is not spin. This is not true."Indeed, the falsity of Norad's explanations were so severe that even the 9/11 Commission considered recommending criminal charges for the making of false statements.
2. Pre-Ordained Conclusions
In regards to both anthrax and 9/11, the government decided on a politically-acceptable explanation, discounted any other possibilities, and then made arguments to support the acceptable conclusion.
The government's pre-ordained conclusion is that only one person was involved in the anthrax attacks. However, leading experts say that it would have taken more than one person to produce the advanced, weaponized anthrax.
Once the alleged Iraqi connection became impossible to maintain (and once the false connection had already succeeded in helping to provide a justification for launching the Iraq war), the blame switched to a single rogue U.S. scientist (Hatfill), and then - once Dr. Ivins died - to the conclusion that Ivins was the culprit, as that would provide a tidy ending to the story. In fact, as shown below, the FBI had not been convinced that Ivins was the culprit even a few months before his death.
The Joint Congressional Inquiry was only authorized to look at "intelligence failures", and nothing else. The pre-ordained conclusion, therefore, is that intelligence failures were the sole cause of the 9/11 attacks, a politically acceptable conclusion.
The 9/11 Commission could only publish a report which was approved by the White House. Moreover, the Commission specifically said that "it is not our purpose to assign blame" for the attacks. It necessarily follows that if blame could not be assigned, then the only possible conclusion could be that "no one could have foreseen" 9/11.
As shown elsewhere, other agencies tasked with investigating other aspects of 9/11 were tasked with supporting the pre-ordained conclusions of the official account.
3. Failure to Follow Leads
In both cases, the government failed to follow any leads which contradicted the pre-ordained conclusion.
The FBI apparently failed to conduct investigations at the most likely points of origin: Dugway, Battelle, or the numerous other labs which had the strain.The FBI also failed to follow up on investigating a letter sent before the attacks which may very well have pointed to the culprit.
Because a Bush White House insider was executive director of the 9/11 Commission, and determined which issues and lines of evidence would be considered, many relevant lines of inquiry were not followed.
As examples of uninvestigated leads, the the 9/11 investigators did not follow up on the substantial evidence that the White House had specific warnings before the attacks.
The government allowed members of the Saudi royal family, including the Bin Ladens, to leave the country right after 9/11, without meaningful interrogation.
4. Suppression of Evidence
The government suppressed evidence in both cases.
The FBI kept Congress in the dark about the investigation for many years. Until recently, "the FBI has completely shut Congress out of its ... investigation into anthrax attacks on Capitol Hill and around the nation".
The FBI has also failed to share with the public even details of its investigation which could not conceivably threaten national security.
Investigators for the Congressional Joint Inquiry discovered that an FBI informant had hosted and rented a room to two hijackers in 2000 and that, when the Inquiry sought to interview the informant, the FBI refused outright, and then hid him in an unknown location, and that a high-level FBI official stated these blocking maneuvers were undertaken under orders from the White House.
The official investigators into the collapse of the World Trade Centers were denied access to the site and the evidence contained there, or even access to such basic information as the blueprints for the world trade center.
The government claims that no flight recorders were recovered from the airplanes which hit the Twin Towers. However, firefighters stated they did recover the flight recorders. And Dan Rather confirmed that they were recovered.
The 9-11 widows who pressured the administration to create the 9/11 Commission have declared it a failure which ignored 70% of their detailed questions and "suppressed important evidence and whistleblower testimony that challenged the official story on many fronts".5. Destruction of Evidence
The government allowed important evidence to be destroyed in both cases.
The FBI allowed 70 years of Ames-related anthrax samples to be destroyed. As noted in the San Francisco Chronicle:
"Scientists in and out of government say the rush to destroy the spores may have eliminated crucial evidence about the anthrax in the letters sent to Congress and the media."As a top bioweapons expert and insider to the FBI investigation said:
“This was an astonishing thing to do. It should have been preserved as evidence. This was a roadmap of everybody and anybody that had gotten access to develop the super-strain that hit Leahy and Daschle.”Moreover, according to the Associated Press:
"FBI scientists early on had — but destroyed — the unique strain of anthrax used in the deadly 2001 attacks that years later would lead them to Dr. Bruce Ivins...:The FBI's excuse for destroying the anthrax sample which Ivins gave them makes no sense.
[This was anthrax that] Ivins took from his Army lab in February 2002 and gave investigators"
The government filmed the interrogations at Guantanamo of 9/11 suspects, who - according to the 9/11 Commission - were the key basis for the Commission's findings - but hid the existence of the tapes, and then destroyed the tapes before any outside observers could watch them.
The tape of interviews of air traffic controllers on-duty on 9/11 was intentionally destroyed by crushing the cassette by hand, cutting the tape into little pieces, and then dropping the pieces in different trash cans around the building as shown by this NY Times article (summary version is free; full version is pay-per-view) and by this article from the Chicago Sun-Times.
And the government hauled away and then promptly shipped overseas virtually all of the steel from ground zero before it could be analyzed by scientists. Indeed, the former head of the fire science and engineering division of the agency now investigating the world trade center disaster, who is a professor of fire protection engineering, wrote that evidence necessary to determine the cause of the collapse of the World Trade Centers was being destroyed.6. Allegations of Bribery
The government apparently attempted to bribe people to support its story in both cases.
According to a Pulitzer-prize winning reporter, the U.S. paid $5 million to an Iraqi for his assistance in letting the CIA forge and backdate a letter falsely linking 9/11 to Iraq.
7. Skeptical Congressmen
Congress people who have examined the evidence are skeptical about the government's explanation in both cases.
Senators Grassley, Daschle and Leahy, and Congressman Holt question the FBI's anthrax conclusions.
Congress people from both sides of the aisle question the government's version of 9/11.
8. Skeptical Experts
Experts who have examined the evidence are also skeptical about both cases.
Many top anthrax experts are skeptical that Ivins could have done it by himself (and see this).
Top scientists, engineers, arthitects, high-level intelligence officials, military leaders and others with relevant expertise are skeptical of the government's explanation of 9/11.
The foregoing list just begins to document the many parallels between the anthrax and 9/11 investigations. I started with a list of 14 major parallels but - for the sake of brevity - reduced it to 8. There are many other parallels which could be written about. Writers should take up the task of listing additional parallels.
Even for the parallels mentioned, the list is in no way intended to be exhaustive. Again, for the sake of readability, I solely gave a couple of examples for each parallel, when entire essays could (and hopefully will) be written about each one. | <urn:uuid:30203865-0201-47a4-a2e8-bcf0eb53d04b> | 2013-05-24T01:50:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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For Immediate Release
Office of the Press Secretary
September 14, 2004
Responding to Hurricanes Charley and Frances
- President Bush on September 14, 2004 submitted a supplemental budget request totaling $3.1 billion to the Congress to help Florida and other affected areas respond to the damage caused by Hurricanes Charley and Frances.
The funds requested will go primarily to help the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA), which is leading response and recovery
efforts in Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, and elsewhere.
This request is in addition to an earlier, already approved request for
$2 billion to help in the immediate aftermath of the hurricanes.
Funding will also be provided to the Departments of Health and
Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, the Interior,
Defense, and Veterans Affairs. Funds are also being sought for the
Corps of Engineers, NASA, the Small Business Administration, and for
the American Red Cross. These funds will provide for a variety of
disaster-relief efforts and the repair and restoration of federal
It is extremely rare for two hurricanes -- a Category IV followed
by a Category II -- to hit the same geographical area within a
three-week period. With this request, the total supplemental budget
request for Hurricanes Charley and Frances will exceed $5 billion,
bringing total federal grant and loan assistance to hurricane-affected
areas to more than $7 billion.
President Bush remains concerned that Hurricane Ivan may cause
further damage to the Southeastern United States, and so he has
alerted Congressional leaders that he may recommend, prior to final
action on this current request, additional supplemental funding for
emergency cleanup, protective measures, and individual assistance
associated with Hurricane Ivan.
Presidential Action: Funding Response, Recovery, and Repairs
The $3.1 billion request will be divided among several federal
agencies. The key categories of assistance are:
- Emergency Response and Recovery
- FEMA-led direct assistance to families and individuals, including
payments to help cover uninsured damages to property and public
infrastructure: $2.0 billion.
- Small Business Administration loan supports and guarantees for
affected small businesses: $457 million.
- Department of Health and Human Services programs, including those that provide free meals and medicines for affected seniors: $50
- Direct assistance to the American Red Cross, which plays a critical
role in providing disaster relief, and whose resources have been
severely tested by back-to-back major disasters. The American Red
Cross traditionally relies on the support of private donors, and is
expected to continue to do so; but in this instance, the President
believes assistance to the work of the Red Cross is appropriate: $70
- Critical Infrastructure Repairs
- HUD Community Development Block Grants to pay for emergency repairs
to damaged homes, including migrant farm-worker housing, and for
economic redevelopment projects: $150 million.
- Repairs to major federal facilities, including Veterans Affairs
hospitals and clinics, national wildlife refuges and national parks,
and key structures owned and run by NASA, the U.S. Coast Guard, and the
Department of Defense: $252 million.
- Repair and restoration of federally-maintained shipping navigation
channels and flood-control projects: $118 million.
The supplemental request is in addition to Department of
Agriculture efforts to assist nurseries, and citrus and vegetable
growers for lost crops and trees, using existing funding. The
Department is also helping to pay the costs for clearing debris. In
addition, other federal agencies will continue their ongoing relief
efforts using existing resources and programs.
Background: Federal Recovery Efforts to Hurricane Charley and
For several weeks, federal agencies have worked to help Florida and
other areas respond to Hurricanes Charley and Frances. As damage to
Hurricane Frances has become known, the federal government has
contributed some of the following emergency response efforts (as of
- FEMA has received 193,000 registrations for assistance, and
has disbursed over $108 million in assistance to families and
individuals in response to Hurricane Charley.
- FEMA has received 111,000 registrations for assistance, and has disbursed over $35
million in assistance to families and individuals in response to
- There are 17 FEMA/State Disaster Recovery
Centers currently open, providing victims with information on various
disaster assistance programs and advice on how to rebuild wisely in the
wake of the hurricane.
- 435 truckloads of water are on hand at
various staging areas in response to Frances.
- 20 truckloads of
donated food were received this week; 56 truckloads will arrive this
- 6 million MREs (Meals Ready to Eat) have been purchased and
delivered to Florida, with an additional 5 million additional MREs
ordered to respond both Frances and Charley.
- FEMA has provided
more than 86,000 tarps to county Emergency Operations Centers for
distribution for victims of both hurricanes. Plastic sheeting has been
installed as a temporary roof repair on about 8,000 homes.
- The U.S. Small Business Administration has approved $39 million in
low-interest disaster loans to homeowners, renters and businesses.
- Approximately 5 million cubic yards of debris has been cleared.
- Six Disaster Medical Assistance teams are in the field, with two
additional teams staged for assignment if needed. To date, more than
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I am new to QGIS and working with QGIS 1.7.3 version, I have my all layers in WGS 84 CRS but even though they are not overlapping to each other, What should I do ?
It's difficult to tell what is being asked here. This question is ambiguous, vague, incomplete, overly broad, or rhetorical and cannot be reasonably answered in its current form. For help clarifying this question so that it can be reopened, see the FAQ.
My first guess would be that the spatial references are not correct or may be missing. If you have a layer that you know is correct (i.e. other layers overlap) then take an incorrect layer and try to reproject using the coordinate system from a correct layer. This walk-through may be of some use to you. | <urn:uuid:5b57af44-87f9-4f9b-87e9-8c55a7d2e235> | 2013-05-24T01:52:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Welcome to the Kwansei Gakuin University official web site.
On March 27, 2013, This web site was renewed and has changed its address(URL).
New address(URL) is as follows.
If you're a bookmark, please change your bookmarks.
* If you can not jump to the new web site after 15 seconds, please click here. | <urn:uuid:0c1b0324-9d41-4962-aeb3-ffa056b563c6> | 2013-05-24T02:04:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Swaziland is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. It is bordered to the north, west, and south by South Africa and to the east by Mozambique. Swaziland has a varied geography from mountains along the Mozambique border to savannas and rainforests. The government system is a monarchy. The chief of state is the King and the head of government is the Prime Minister. Swaziland has a traditional economy in which a majority of the population engages in subsistence agriculture. Swaziland is a member of the African Union (AU), African Economic Community (AEC), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). | <urn:uuid:85c0cadf-0bf2-40ca-8bc4-8c0ec5f01310> | 2013-05-24T01:57:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"The Road Not Taken" Word Cloud
The Road Not Taken
"The Road Not Taken" is a poem by
Robert Frost, published in 1915 in the collection Mountain Interval,
it is the first poem in the volume and is printed in italics. The
title is often mistakenly given as "The Road Less Traveled", from
the penultimate line: "I took the one less traveled by".
Word cloud or tag cloud (or
weighted list in visual design) is a visual depiction of
user-generated tags, or simply the word content of a site, used
typically to describe the content of web sites. Tags are usually
single words and are typically listed alphabetically, and the
importance of a tag is shown with font size or color. Thus both
finding a tag by alphabet and by popularity is possible. The
tags are usually hyperlinks that lead to a collection of items
that are associated with a tag. | <urn:uuid:c3799453-b116-44b9-a2d7-acdd21f1553b> | 2013-05-24T01:43:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Leonardo DiCaprio: Tennis on the set of "The Wolf of Wall Street"
Killing two birds with one stone by getting his exercise while acting, Leonardo DiCaprio was spotted on the set of "The Wolf of Wall Street" in New York City on Wednesday (November 14).
The "Titanic" actor started off in a black fleece jacket and gray sweatpants before taking off his jacket to reveal a white T-shirt as he hit tennis balls on the court.
In the Martin Scorsese-directed film, the 38-year-old actor plays Jordan Belfort, a New York stockbroker who refuses to cooperate in a large securities fraud case involving corruption on Wall Street, the corporate banking world, and mob infiltration.
The crime drama, set for release in 2013, also stars Matthew McConaughey, Jonah Hill, and Jon Favreau.
Enjoy the pictures of Leonardo DiCaprio on "The Wolf of Wall Street" set in NYC (November 14). | <urn:uuid:77134b0e-42ae-43b9-bbaf-e156c219bc33> | 2013-05-24T01:31:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The oldest form of runic scripts, Elder Futhark is named for the first six runes in its alphabet, F, U, Th, A,R, and K. It was used in the North West of Europe from around the second to the eighth centuries AD and has been found on numerous artefacts ranging from jewellry and amulets to tools, weapons and the ever-popular runestone. From the sixth century, Younger Futhark began to develop out of the Elder form before it became prominent in scandinavia from the late eighth century. Later still the Anglo-Saxons and the Frisians developed it further into Anglo-Saxon Futhark. Unlike other forms of runes, the skill of reading Elder Futhark was lost overtime until it was rediscovered with its decipherment in 1865 by the Norwegian Sophus Bugge.
The Elder Futhark alphabet consists of twenty-four runes which are traditionally set out in three groups known as aett. The alphabetic order which gives the script its name is first attested from around 400 AD. The direction of the text tends to vary in the earliest inscriptions but it later appears to settle into running from left to right. There are no word divisions in the majority of inscriptions except in a few cases where a series of dots were used to separate words. The angular shapes that the runes are formed by are probably the result of the original incisions make by writing materials like those made by the reed implements to form cuneiform.
The alphabet itself is believed to be a derivation from Italic alphabets, possibly a form of Etruscan or Raetic or even Latin. There was a popular theory previously that the alphabet was derived from the Greek alphabet via the Gothic. However, the date of early inscriptions predates the Gothic communications with the Greeks and so this theory has been ruled out. It is believed that development of Elder Futhark was composed by a single person or group around the first century AD. The definite purpose for its invention is unknown but epigraphic purposes have been suggested alongside the magical, practical and the playful. Baeksted (1952) suggests use in graffiti.
The runes for F, A, G, T, M, and L appear to be identical to old Italic or Latin alphabetic forms. There is also some correspondence in the runes for U, R, K, H, S, B, and O. The rest of the runes are likely adaptations from other sources or original innovations with the creation of the scripts. The rune names are based on the sounds of the runes themselves but also have a basis in mythology, nature and the environment, daily life and the human condition.
As mentioned, inscriptions are found on a range of artefacts between the Carpathians and Lappland with the majority of examples hailing from Denmark. The oldest inscription found dates to 160 AD and is found on the Vimose Comb reading simply HARJA. The longest inscription found consists of 200 characters and dates to the eighth century Eggjum stone containing a stanza of Norse poetry.
Younger Futhark developed out of Elder Futhark in a transitional phase dating from around 650-800 AD. It is also known as Scandinavian runes and is referred to in the Book of Ballymore as the ‘Ogham of the Scandinavians’. It is a reduced form of Elder Futhark and is found in inscriptions from Scandinavia and Viking Age settlements. Younger Futhark is also known as the alphabet of the Norsemen and is believed to have been developed for use in trade and diplomatic contracts.
The alphabet consists of only sixteen characters which were in use from the ninth to the twelfth centuries. Its format consisted of distinct sounds and minimal pairs. One key rule in the younger Futhark texts is the avoidance of having the same rune twice in consecutive order.
Younger Futhark actual includes two scripts. The first is made up of long-branch runes which are believed to have been used for documentation on stone. The second script is made up of short-twig runes which were likely used for everyday uses, for private and official messages on wood. The short-twig forms include nine runes which appear as simplified variants of the long branch runes.
The Younger Futhark developed later into a range of additional scripts including Halsinge Runes, Middle Age Runes, and Latinised Dalecarlian Futhark.
Some Examples of Futhark Inscriptions:
Kalleby Runestone - The Kalleby Runestone dates to the Iron Age and includes a short text. It was found in Sweden in the region of Bohuslan and is believed to have been produced in the fifth century AD. It is an example of Period I Elder Futhark (150-550 AD). It reads:
þrawijan * haitinaz was
Yearning was imposed (on him). / Þrawija’s (monument). (I/he) was commanded/called. / (I/He) was promised to þrawija
Vadstena Bracteate - The Vadstena Bracteate is a gold C-bracteate found in Sweden dating to around 500AD. It consists of an image of a four-legged animals with a man’s head above it with a bird separated by a line. This image is commonly associated with the Norse God Odin. The inscription reads:
tuwatuwa; fuþarkgw; hnijïpzs; tbemlŋo[d]
The translation is highly debated
Skåäng Runestone- The Skåäng Runestone is an elaborate stone dating to around the sixth century. It hails from Sweden and contains two inscriptions. The first inscription consists of Younger Futhark while the second is of Elder Futhark. The inscriptions reads:
§A Harja, Leugaz
§B Skammhals ok Olof þau letu gæra mærki þausi æftiR Svæin, faður sinn. Guð hialpi salu hans
§A Harja, Leugaz
§B Skammhals and Ólôf, they had these landmarks made in memory of Sveinn, their father. May God help his soul
Istaby Runestone - The Istaby Runestone is found amoung the Rundata catalog (DR 359) and is a proto-Norse runestone found in Sweden dating to the Vendel era. It is currently located in the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm. It is an example of Period II Elder Futhark (550-700 AD). It reads:
AP Aftr Hariwulfa. Haþuwulfz HeruwulfizAQ Haþuwulfz Heruwulfiz aftr HariwulfaB wrait runaz þaiaz
AP In memory of Hariwulfar. Haþuwulfar, Heruwulfar’s son,AQ Haþuwulf(a)r, Heruwulfar’s son, in memory of HariwulfarB wrote these runes.
Spearhead of Kovel - The Spearhead of Kovel is the head of a lance found in 1858 in Ukraine. It dates to around the third century AD and measures 15.5cm. The inscription on its blade reads from right to left TILARIDS meaning ‘thither rider’, which is interpreted as either the name of a warrior or of the spear itself. It is believed to be Gothic in origin.
- Futhark, a Handbook of Rune Magic
- Elder Futhark
- Runes: An Introduction
- A practical guide to the runes: their uses in divination and magick
- Norwegian runes and runic inscriptions
- Runes and runic inscriptions: collected essays
- Runes and Germanic Linguistics
- The Magick of Runes (ankhafnakhonsu.net)
- The Language of Trees: Ogham (Archaic Irish Script) (graecomuse.wordpress.com)
- Runes in Christian Contexts (wolfslair88.wordpress.com)
- Swedish Runic Corpus On-line (scienceblogs.com)
- Surviving Material Evidence (wolfslair88.wordpress.com)
- Runes in Manuscripts (wolfslair88.wordpress.com)
Note that this website can be followed by pressing the ‘Follow by Email’ option on the right hand side of the screen | <urn:uuid:3985eaa0-9fc6-4fb9-8ec2-e92fa4f049d8> | 2013-05-24T01:59:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Only a few days after Roland Emmerich's latest film, Anonymous, opened in theaters, another well-known Hollywood director came out of the shadows and dropped a bombshell on us all. Steven Spielberg sat down with GPS and set the record straight on what was thought to be Emmerich's best film, Stargate. "Roland Emmerich did not direct Stargate," Spielberg told us. "I did."
The Hugo-nominated sci-fi picture has always been a favorite of mine, so the news that Emmerich had a ghost director on it came as a huge shock. When asked whose idea it was, Spielberg said "It was mine. Roland was an up-and-commer back then, and we all wanted to help him out. He had a lot of enthusiasm. A lot of ideas. They just weren't coming together. I was initially brought in as a consultant, but it quickly became apparent I needed to step in and take over."
Spielberg shows Emmerich how to not let special effects overshadow actors' performances.
Spielberg was quick to defend the decision to keep his directorship secret, saying, "Look, I was riding high off the whole Oscars thing. I had just won twice for Schindler's List. I didn't want to over-do it. After some thought, I decided to give Roland credit for that one. So sue me."
Spielberg, left, during "the whole Oscars thing."
The thought then occurred that maybe, just maybe, all of Emmerich's films have been directed by others. When asked to comment, Spielberg played stupid. "I don't know anything about that. All I know is that I did Stargate. I might have given him a few suggestions for Independence Day, but that's it. I swear." I mentioned The Patriot, and after a long silence, Spielberg said "No, no. Not me." Alright, but there's also The Day After Tomorrow, which, in an alternate universe, I could see being directed by him. After another long pause and a few squirms in his chair, Spielberg denied that one as well. "I do quite like that one, but no. I really am proud of Jake's performance, though. Bravo. But, um, I was never on that set. I don't even know where it was filmed. In fact, what year was it made? '91 or something? Hell, I don't even know. What movie are we talking about again?"
In 1997, Emmerich's film, Independence Day, was nominated for a Razzie award as one of the Worst Written Film[s] Grossing Over $100 Million. Again, in 1999, Emmerich was nominated as Worst Director for his work on Godzilla. Most prestigious, however, was Emmerich's 2009 Honorary Bambi award win under the category of Germans in Hollywood. A Bambi awards rep recently told us they have never heard of Werner Herzog.
Emmerich gives a sad speech to his fans after narrowly losing out to Gus Van Sant's Psycho in 1998's Razzie award for Worst Remake or Sequel.
Police released this mug shot of Gus Van Sant after he was picked up for doing a shot-for-shot remake of Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho.
Emmerich couldn't be reached for comment, but a rep for the maybe-director told us that "Roland's name is on every poster of every movie. He's listed as Director for 15 - count 'em - 15 titles on IMDB. I think his record speaks for itself."
As Spielberg was walking out of the interview, our worst-behaved intern shouted out "What about Universal Soldier?!?" The 3-time Oscar winner turned around, glared, and pointed at him while mouthing the words "just leave it" before hauling ass away from our property. | <urn:uuid:cffeb123-95fa-4d27-ac2d-b82ee406a2e1> | 2013-05-24T02:05:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The GSD's high intelligence, strong athletic physique and silky smooth movement have seen the breed excel at all kinds of duties.
German Shepherds are trained and considered invaluable in such jobs as seeing eye dogs, police work, search and rescue, herding, protection, bomb and drug detection and as guard dogs. They also relish activities which stimulate their acute senses such as tracking, agility, fly ball, endurance work, schutzhund and German Shepherd obedience training.
Dogs have their own set of behavioral problems. Lack of proper training methods may badly affect your dog's behavior and turn your beloved pet into a disobedient, aggressive or unruly dog. As a dog owner you should be aware of these problems and train your dog accordingly.
If your dog bites or tears up your furniture, this is not the dog’s fault. These are types of behavior problems that most dogs show signs of having and it’s up to you, the owner, to train your dog to know what is acceptable and what is not.
Aggression related dog behavior problems include biting, jumping, barking uncontrollably and not obeying commands.
Once a dog ages from a puppy to an adult, it will become much harder to train. Training should start from an early stage, so that these tendencies do not become dog behavior problems. | <urn:uuid:00c34e5b-a812-4c14-bda2-d35b1e549be6> | 2013-05-24T01:45:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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HP Support Forums
Join in the conversation.
02-16-2012 05:48 PM
I can understand if you feel/think there is some cause to edit my statement, because of "legal" concern; however, my post is not a rant, but legitimate concern about the nonexistent, 'Paper Jam' alert problem which disables 8500 Pro printer.
Like many others, I'd like to know what is beiing done about it? Is there a solution(s)?
Should I just throw the an entire piece of equipment away?
02-25-2012 12:24 PM
Please use this thread to provide feedback on your search experience. It is helpful if you provide the search terms you used and a general idea of what you were looking for. Did the search help you? Why or why not? We will take your feedback to make improvements. Thanks
02-27-2012 10:45 AM
This support forum is a joke. When I wanted to post, I got a message saying I wasn't allowed to (what's the point of this forum, uh?). I entered "uninstall microsoft office" and received a "sorry" message saying there was no such animal in the forum. Again, very big help from HP TOTAL care! | <urn:uuid:6ece62c0-a6f5-41c5-a07d-b138014054ec> | 2013-05-24T01:52:22Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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GHC Trac Home
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12/20/11 05:47:06 (
This page gives additional implementation details for the `-XPolyKinds` flag. The grand design is described in the paper [http://dreixel.net/research/pdf/ghp.pdf Giving Haskell a Promotion]. Most of the work has been done and merged into GHC 7.4.1. The relevant user documentation is in [the user's guide (add link when it's up)] and on the [http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/GHC/Kinds Haskell wiki page]. What still doesn't work, or doesn't work correctly, is described here.
= Explicit kind variables =
Since the core language has all the support for kind variables, this shouldn't be too hard.
= Kind defaulting in type families =
At the moment, when you define a type family without `-XPolyKinds` like this:
type family F a
it gets kind `* -> *`. There are no constraints on the kind of `a`, so we
default it to `*`. We also default the return kind of `F` to `*`.
The same happens for data families, and also for plain datatypes with phantom
When you turn `-XPolyKinds` on, however, we currently give `F` the kind
`forall (k :: BOX). k -> *`. This is unsatisfactory for two reasons:
1. The behaviour of kind generalisation changes when we turn `-XPolyKinds` on,
even though it doesn't really have to. We could still default to `*` unless
you give a kind signature. So if you want `F` to be kind polymorphic, you
should write `type family F (a :: k)`. This, of course, requires supporting
[GhcKinds#Explicitkindvariables explicit kind variables].
2. Unlike the parameters, however, the return kind of `F` is defaulted to `*`.
This seems rather arbitrary. We should either generalise both arguments and
return kind, or default both. In case we choose to default, the more
general kind can be obtained by giving a signature:
type family F (a :: k1) :: k2
'''Future work:''' do more consistent kind defaulting.
= [http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/5682 #5682] (proper handling of infix promoted constructors) =
= Kind synonyms (from type synonym promotion) = | <urn:uuid:5fec70eb-bf1a-4065-b0f6-6ddef331f1e7> | 2013-05-24T01:51:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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§ Not amended (in the Standing Committee), considered.
§ 11.5 a.m.
§ Mr. John Wells (Maidstone)
I beg to move, That the Bill be now read the Third time.
The Bill follows the recommendations of the Fifth Report of the Criminal Law Revision Committee under the chairmanship of Lord Justice Sellers. This was published last year as Cmnd. Paper 2349.
Until 1925, if a juror died or was discharged, the trial had to begin again. Under Section 15 of the Criminal Justice Act, 1925, this was altered. As the law now stands, if a juror dies or is incapacitated from acting, it is necessary to have the consent of both prosecutor and the defence given in writing before the trial can continue. It can continue only so long as the number of jurors does not fall below the figure of 10.
Although both parties usually agree and it is rare for the number of jurors to be reduced to as low as 10, it is only as regards long trials that there is ever any difficulty and the problem can arise and the present rule causes some inconvenience. In a long trial either party may refuse consent in the belief that it would be more likely to succeed in a fresh trial, or the defence might refuse in the mistaken idea that it would be putting off the evil day of inevitable punishment.
Two courses seem open in revising the present law on jurors. The first course would be that there should be alternate jurors, as is done in some American States, where they are sworn at the outset of the trial and listen to the evidence and replace any juror who falls out. But 1758 I believe that this would be wasteful of manpower, inconvenient and much resented.
Therefore, the second alternative, which is what I propose in my Bill and which entirely follows the recommendations of Lord Justice Sellers's Committee, is that so long as the total number of jurors does not fall below nine, it should not be necessary to have these consents in writing, except, of course, in capital cases. I provide in the Bill that this is subject to an overriding power of the court to discharge the whole jury and to order a fresh trial if that seems to be in the interests of justice.
There are many good precedents for having smaller numbers of jurors. During the war, Regulation 15 of the Administration of Justice (Emergency) Regulations, 1940, allowed trials to continue with 10 jurors left out of 12, or five left out of seven, which was the more usual figure during the war in non-capital cases. This reduction of juries to as small as seven in standard cases was allowed in the war under Section 7 of the Administration of Justice (Emergency Provisions) Act, 1940. There are other good precedents, besides those in our own country, in other Common-wealth countries. In Victoria and South Australia the minimum number of jurors is five-sixths of the total in non-capital cases.
In suggesting nine as the minimum number, I am following the recommendation of Lord Justice Sellers's Committee. It pointed out that juries of seven had given general satisfaction in the war but that it was a big change from our present tradition and pattern and it felt that a change to so small a minimum would be a rather large change. Indeed, it is extremely unlikely that the number will ever fall as low as nine, but it leaves a certain amount of comfort to the 10 surviving jurymen to feel that, if one of them is suddenly taken ill, the trial can still go on.
As at present we still have the death penalty, Clause 1(2) is generally desirable, because most people would expect consent in capital cases. Obviously, I would not wish to comment this mornning on another Bill which is before a Committee of the whole House. The fact remains that this subsection should be 1759 left in, irrespective of what may happen to that other Bill, because it might be possible for the death penalty to be reintroduced at a later date and I would not like my modest little Measure to be in any jeopardy because of failing to include such a subsection.
I hope that the House will give the Bill a Third Reading. I am grateful to the House for having given it a Second Reading on the nod.
§ 11.11 a.m.
§ The Minister of State, Home Office (Miss Alice Bacon)
When the Bill was considered in Standing Committee, I made it clear that the Government fully supported it. I am glad to have this opportunity of congratulating the hon. Member for Maidstone (Mr. John Wells) on introducing it and, I hope, getting it successfully passed through the House.
As the hon. Gentleman has said, the Bill derives from the Fifth Report of the Criminal Law Revision Committee. We welcome the implementing of yet another of the useful reforms proposed and prepared by that Committee. The proposals in the Bill involve no more than some small changes in the procedure at criminal trials. They do not involve any radical departure of principle. It has long been accepted that the death or illness of a juror during a trial, or his discharge for some other reason, ought not to prevent the continuation of the trial, subject to certain safeguards.
The Bill simply adjusts these safeguards to enable the procedure to operate a little more smoothly and without unnecessary impediment.
As the Criminal Law Revision Committee pointed out in its Report, the problem arises only in relation to long trials; but, as such, it is a problem which is increasing rather than decreasing. It is, I believe, a fact that there are many more long criminal trials than there used to be. This is no more than a reflection of the complicated world in which we now live. A complex society inevitably makes for complex rules and procedure for dealing with those who are thought to have broken the rules.
1760 A prosecution under the highly technical laws which are now necessary, for example, for protecting the public from commercial fraud, may involve the examination of a mass of detailed evidence and require the patient attention of a judge and jury for many days. The longer trials become, the greater the risk of their interruption through death or illness and the more important it becomes to avoid the cost and the inconvenience of starting again, unless it is clearly necessary in the interests of justice.
Under the terms of the Bill, it will still be open to the court to order a fresh trial if justice requires it, but the possibility of either prosecution or defence being able to insist on this without a good reason will be removed.
The Bill, quite properly, makes an exception in the case of a trial for murder or for an offence punishable with death. Like the hon. Gentleman, I do not want to talk about another Bill which is before a Committee of the whole House. It is right that it should bea trial for murder or for any offence punishable with deathbecause, even if the death penalty is abolished, a trial for murder could mean imprisonment for life. Because of that, I think that the words which the hon. Gentleman has included in the Bill are the right ones. The gravity of the charge in a trial for murder is such that a decision ought not to be imposed on the accused, and I am glad that in this instance the requirement of the written consent of both parties is preserved. Since the exception applies to all trials for murder, irrespective of what punishment may be imposed on conviction, it will not be affected in any way by the proposals of the other Bill which the hon. Gentleman and I have mentioned and which is before a Committee of the whole House.
The Report of the Criminal Law Revision Committee on this subject received a good Press and the changes now proposed have, I understand, the full support of the General Council of the Bar and of the Law Society. I hope that the House will now add its final approval.
§ Question put and agreed to.
§ Bill accordingly read the Third time and passed. | <urn:uuid:ffb258cd-9836-4aab-a6ad-2c9105c16dc0> | 2013-05-24T02:05:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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7 December is the 341st day of the year (342th in leap years). There are 24 days remaining.
- 1992: Hermione Granger continues brewing Polyjuice Potion in the second-floor girls' lavatory. Professor Minerva McGonagall takes the name of those staying at Hogwarts during the holidays.
- 1994: Rita Skeeter turns up at a Care of Magical Creatures lesson and takes an interest in Hagrid. Later, Hermione leads Ron and Harry down to the kitchens, where she reveals that Dobby and Winky have now come to work at Hogwarts.
- 1995: Ron and Hermione's prefect duties become more onerous: they must supervise castle decoration, patrol the corridors at night and supervise first and second years on their breaks.
- 7 December on Wikipedia | <urn:uuid:50e6b771-d2f3-42d6-9f33-06a066b92b60> | 2013-05-24T01:45:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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What GIS does
One common misconception is that a GIS is simply a computer package to make maps. While maps are one product of a GIS, there is much more
that a GIS can do. GIS has become recognized as a tool of unlimited potential.
At the most basic level, a GIS manages information about locations and their physical relationships to each other. It also looks at how
things move through space, whether they are animals, humans, or pollutants. A GIS then combines information about where things are with what things are.
This management of spatial information allows a GIS to create new knowledge about something.
A GIS is called a system, because rather than than just software, it is an integration of five basic components:
The most important component of a GIS. People make a GIS work. These include not just technical specialists to run the system, but planners, managers,
scientists, and engineers. People must develop procedures and define the tasks of a GIS
Data is a very important, and often the most expensive component of a GIS. Data includes any information that relates to geography and specialty fields.
This could include information about air and water quality, parcels, flood zones, or census data. The quality and accuracy of data is an important consideration, as is
information describing the data itself, or metadata.
Hardware is the computer system on which a GIS operates. GIS software runs on a wide range of hardware types.
GIS software provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyze, and display geographic information. It can include other non-GIS
software such as databases, drawing, and statistical software.
A successful GIS operates requires well-designed implementation plans and business rules describing how the technology is applied
GIS can be useful in discovering sources of environmental pollution.
By displaying potential contaminating sources in an area, you can quickly assess visual relationships that could help identify
possible pollution sources.
This map shows the waters off of Bellows Air Station and the locations of cesspools, septic tanks, streams and storm drains.
These sources may have contributed to elevated levels of
enterococcus bacteria at DOH monitoring stations in Waimanalo Bay.
Underground Injection Control Line
The Underground Injection Control (UIC) Line is a line that separates areas above drinking water and non-drinking water groundwater resources. It is meant to protect
Hawaii's precious aquifers from possible contamination by chemical, physical, radioactive, or biological material due to
injection well activity.
Well construction is permitted and regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Branch
's UIC Program based on the potential for contamination due to the siting of injection wells.
Click here for more information about the UIC
Program and UIC permits.
To use the map below, use the navigation tools to zoom to your area of interest. Click on the map to find the UIC Code for that location:
Code1 - BELOW (makai) UIC LINE
- Underlying aquifer not considered drinking water source
- Wider variety of wells allowed
- Injection wells need UIC Permit or Permit Exemption
- Permit limitations are imposed
Code100 - ABOVE (mauka) UIC LINE
- Underlying aquifer considered drinking water source
- Limited types of injection wells allowed
- Injection wells need UIC Permit or Permit Exemption
- Permit limitations are imposed and requirements are more stringent
View Larger Map
Using GIS to discover historic areas of contamination
The Department’s Hazard Evaluation and Emergency Response (HEER) Office
has been investigating soil contamination from Historic sugar plantation sites
in Hawaii for a number of years. When a HEER staff member came across photos taken in 1914 showing a plantation worker standing amidst containers marked
“poison” at Kilauea, Kauai, efforts began to investigate the site.
The Kilauea Sugar Company had operated at this location from 1877 to 1971. After the
plantation had closed, the land was put up for sale and later developed into a residential community. The HEER Office obtained old fire insurance maps of
the site showing buildings that were formerly used for pesticide mixing and storage. Although these buildings had been torn down since, several other original
warehouse buildings in the area were surprisingly still standing.
The scanned maps were overlaid onto an aerial image of the area and georeferenced using
the warehouses as reference points.
Since the map image was now properly spatially located, it could be placed on a parcel
layer showing property boundaries. This allowed the property owners and addresses in the area to be identified.
HEER staff contacted property owners and conducted soil testing in the vicinity of the former pesticide mixing/storage facility. Soil samples showed
high levels of arsenic and moderate levels of
dioxin residues. These levels exceeded State and
Federal Environmental Action Levels (EALs) at two residential
properties and in a stormwater drainage ditch behind a commercial warehouse.
An extensive cleanup program began, resulting in the removal of 814 tons of contaminated soil in the area. Sampling of other
properties in the community showed that the surface and subsurface soils did not pose a health risk. The contaminated soils were removed and replaced with new
clean soil. The drainage ditch was capped with a concrete barrier to provide stormwater drainage while continuing to isolate any additional contaminated soils.
230 air samples were taken throughout the process and showed no detection of any contaminants being released by the work.
This project involved the cooperation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Hawaii Deparment of Health, the Kilauea Community, and the County
of Kauai. Cleanup activities were completed on September 17, 2012. The HEER Office will oversee implementation of
Environmental Hazard Management Plans to ensure long-term protectiveness of the remedies at the affected properties.
A story detailing the discovery of the Kilauea site and its resolution was recently published in the Hawaii Journal of Public Health. It can be found
If you have any questions, please contact:
Environmental Planning Office
919 Ala Moana Blvd., Room 312
Honolulu, HI 96814
Back to Top of Page
Last update: 10 April 2013 | <urn:uuid:d6c6ddec-2fda-4367-aa05-f64fce58d885> | 2013-05-24T01:31:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Attention: Temporary ImageIf you have a better picture, please add it to the page.
Figure has blonde hair and blue eyes. She is dressed in a white body suit with gold starburst design and silver jewel. She also has gold boots and gold cuffs. The feature is that both arms raise at the same time. Can be found with a side-to-side head and a swivel head.Accessories:- two-sided cape (pink on one side, gold with starburst design on the other) with gold collar/holster- sheer white skirt with gold elastic waist- silver crown with pink decal- pink sword with pink decal- pink shield- pink comb
Figure has blonde hair and blue eyes. She is dressed in a white body suit with gold starburst design and silver jewel. She also has hole in her right shoulder, gold boots and gold cuffs. Has a swivel head.Accessories:- gold headdress - gold sword- gold shield- gold comb- bubble blaster - bubble solution- gold cape- gold choker- gold armor
Figure has blonde hair and blue eyes. She is dressed in a white body suit with gold starburst design and silver jewel. She also has gold boots and gold cuffs. Has a side-to-side head.Accessories:- iridescent red cape with sheer white frills- sheer white skirt with gold belt- gold crown with gold decal- gold sword with silver jewel- gold shield- lavender comb
Real Name: Adora Of The House Of RandorChanneling the combined Power of the Universe and the Wisdom of the Elders of Eternia, Adora transforms into She-Ra, the most powerful woman in the Universe. Her strength comes not from brute force but from sheer will and her cunning magical powers and healing abilities. She also has the power to communicate telepathically with animals. As both She-Ra and Adora, she helped lead the Great Rebellion of Etheria against the Horde invaders. Later, when Hordak found an escape to Eternia, she followed him along with several of her friends and allies. Once there, the Princess of Power joined forces with the now renegade Masters of the Universe, who without King Randor, had becomes outcasts in their own land, fighting against Hordak's new tyranny!
Real Name: Adora of the House of Randor™
After crossing over from Etheria to Eternia® with the help of Light Hope, She-Ra® joined forces with her brother and the Masters of the Universe® who were caught in a four-way war with the Snake Men™, Skeletor® and Hordak®. She used her cloned sword to harmonize with and channel the Powers of Grayskull™ to form new arms and armor in the midst of battle. Her Bubble Power™ Armor greatly enhances She-Ra's stamina and allows her to funnel great fumes of energy at her foes. She remained on Eternia® to fight off evil until both she and He-Man® were called to the stars to fulfill their destiny, traveling to the Tri-Solar System to end the oppression of the Horde Empire. | <urn:uuid:566b66ef-5a93-4745-8677-326c3a5a8377> | 2013-05-24T01:58:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Classification of Burns
What are the classifications of burns?
Burns are classified as first-, second-, or third-degree, depending on how deep and severe they penetrate the skin's surface.
First-degree (superficial) burns
First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters. Mild sunburn is an example. Long-term tissue damage is rare and usually consists of an increase or decrease in the skin color.
Second-degree (partial thickness) burns
Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of skin. The burn site appears red, blistered, and may be swollen and painful.
Third-degree (full thickness) burns
Third-degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis. Third-degree burns may also damage the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons. The burn site appears white or charred. There is no sensation in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed. | <urn:uuid:d3e51a07-18ee-4328-b77c-1bb70f80bd53> | 2013-05-24T01:51:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Tips for Eating More Fruit
The USDA offers these tips on adding more fruit to your diet:
Choose fresh fruits, fruit juices and frozen, canned or dried fruit. Don't buy fruit canned or frozen in heavy syrups and sweetened fruit juices.
Eat whole fruits rather than fruit juices because whole fruit has more fiber and is more filling with fewer calories.
Citrus fruits, melons and berries are a good source of vitamin C.
If you want to drink fruit juice, buy only products marked as 100 percent fruit juice. Most fruit drinks and fruit cocktails contain only a little juice and lots of sugar. | <urn:uuid:e0a94fe6-47d2-4f1c-8b3a-6cf28af22321> | 2013-05-24T01:51:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hello Out There…
I am an educated person who has made some foolish mistakes and bad decisions.
I am hoping to find someone..anyone out there & maybe we can pool our resources and get through this economy together.
Where did you grow up?
Mississippi Gulf Coast
Where do you live now?
Starkville...please help..get me out of here
What is the highest level of education you have attained?
What subjects did/do you enjoy the most at school?
What's your favorite sport or sports?
What kinds of jobs have you held? Industries too!
Tutor.....& lots of others
What hobbies are you into?
What causes are you concerned about today?
The whole country is a mess...& I am part of it
If you claim a political party affliation, which is it?
They all suck....we need a revolution
Which religion (if any) do you follow? | <urn:uuid:05c67c4a-8be1-4a46-9b53-6e083c90569a> | 2013-05-24T02:04:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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March 31, 2011
Mutual interest between UW and Wright?
Before UW lost assistant linebacker and secondary coach Greg Jackson to the NFL's San Francisco 49ers, it seemed as though he was starting to make progress along his recruiting territory on the east coast.
...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now for a FREE Trial | <urn:uuid:3de3d572-55a4-48ac-b3b7-5885e18a4d46> | 2013-05-24T02:06:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Register now for free, or sign in with any of these services:
It was a record-setting day for Colleen Humel.
She beat her own record in the 200 freestyle (2:13.85) and 100 backstroke (59.76).
Natalia Koczor won the 50 and 100 freestyles for the Pacers.
Chicopee is co-champs of the C Division. | <urn:uuid:1d28bad6-233b-4103-91d0-f29a59156a4c> | 2013-05-24T01:58:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Results 1 to 2 of 2
Thread: The Horth Withperer
03-13-2008, 11:17 AM #1Regular Guest
- Join Date
- Dec 2003
The Horth Withperer
A guy calls his buddy, the horse rancher, and says he's sending a friend over to look at a horse.
His buddy asks, "How will I recognize him?"
"That's easy; he's a midget with a speech impediment."
So, the midget shows up, and the guy asks him if he's looking for a male or female horse.
"A female horth."
So he shows him a prized filly.
"Nith lookin horth. Can I thee her eyeth"?
So the guy picks up the midget and he gives the horse's eyes the once over.
"Nith eyeth, can I thee her earzth"?
So he picks the little fella up again, and shows him the horse's ears.
"Nith earzth, can I see her mouf"?
The rancher is getting pretty ticked off by this point, but he picks him up again and shows him the horse's mouth.
"Nice mouf, can I see her twat"?
Totally mad as fire at this point, the rancher grabs him under his arms and rams the midget's head as far as he can up the horse's fanny, pulls him out and slams him to the ground.
The midget gets up, sputtering and coughing.
"Perhapth I should rephrase that.
Can I thee her wun awound a widdlebit"?
03-13-2008, 10:15 PM #2 | <urn:uuid:3d50a516-b7e6-4e95-a3cf-59ee18c60c16> | 2013-05-24T01:46:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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My life that morning was not particularly enjoyable. I felt like my internal organs had been punched by someone who is really enthusiastic about punching and therefore punches a lot. In fact, they love punching so much that when they finished punching my internal organs, they moved on to punching my skin and all my muscles and also my eyes.
The thermometer read 102.3, so by my calculations, I was running a fever of about 103.5. I took a couple aspirin and tried to get some work done. That's when I wrote/illustrated this post. I may have also responded to a few emails. If you got an email from me last Wednesday that didn't make a lot of sense, I apologize. I wasn't drunk. I was just very ill.
I eventually gave up on trying to be responsible and just sat on the couch staring off into space really intensely.
That evening, my friend called to ask me if I'd like to meet her and another friend for drinks. I didn't feel much like drinking, but I was feeling a little better and I'm almost tragically impulsive, so I was like "heck yeah I'll meet you guys for drinks!" Then I staggered into the bathroom to try and clean myself up enough to go out in public.
At the bar, I ordered tea because I was really, really cold and even though I'm impulsive and irresponsible, I know enough not to complicate illnesses with alcohol. The bartender looked at me like I was the first person ever to order raspberry tea in a bar.
I knew I should probably go to the hospital, but I'm still too poor for insurance, so I tried to convince myself that I was okay and I should just crawl home and sleep it off. I tried to stand up, but I ended up head-butting the wall and crumpling to the floor again. I lay there on the ground staring at some graffiti that just said "poop poop poop poop poop." I started wondering whether that would be the last thing I ever saw. It was a depressing thought for a few reasons.
After several more unsuccessful attempts at getting to my feet, I finally made it. I used this as an excuse to not go to the hospital. "Hey, look at me!" I thought. "I'm doing great!
I staggered out of the bathroom and toward my friends. I remember my limbs making all sorts of spastic movements as I tried to glide along and look like nothing was wrong. I ran into the wall and ricocheted off into the other wall. It felt like I was competing against my need to go to the hospital: if I could stay upright, it meant I was fine and goddamn it, I was not about to lose that game and give up the entirety my newfound income just to make sure I wasn't dying.
I finally made it back to the bar and collapsed onto it. That's when I lost the game and decided to go to the hospital because I was legitimately scared of dying. That's also where things get hazy again. I remember the next 20 minutes in little clips. There's me lying face down in a puddle on the bar, blowing little bubbles in it while trying to breathe. Then I'm being carried out of the bar. Then I'm being driven to the hospital. I was breathing really fast; I remember that because once we got to the hospital, the intake nurse kept yelling at me to slow down my breathing and I couldn't. My entire body was shaking convulsively and I felt more cold than I have ever felt in my life. My blood pressure was 70/35. When I caught a glimpse of those little numbers on the screen, I immediately regretted ever knowing anything about medicine because my knowledge only contributed to making me feel positive that I was going to die. "Well," I thought, "this is it. My last words are going to be 'fuck you, I can't breathe any slower!'" It was all very dramatic.
As is often the case with medical emergencies, it was not immediately apparent what was wrong with me, so the doctor called for tests. Lots and lots of tests.
Blood samples are easy because they are passive. You just lie there and let the nurses stick needles in you until they are done. But urine tests require your active participation. When you are in the throes of death like I was, providing a urine specimen is a veritable quest. I could have rewritten The Iliad about my experience peeing into a cup.
I was still having a lot of trouble maintaining consciousness, so the doctor had to supervise me in the restroom.
Despite my herculean efforts, the urine test didn't tell them anything. The blood test showed a slightly high white blood cell count, but other than that, it was normal. The only thing that even hinted at what could be wrong with me was my heart. After looking at my EKG, the doctor was like "Your heart is being weird." And I was like "Why is it doing that?" And the doctor was all "I don't know."
Four hours later, I wasn't dead and the doctors still couldn't figure out what was going on, so they sent me home.
As I'm sure is the case with many of you, I walk that thin line between hypochondriac and a normal level of concern about my health. So when I go through a terrifying medical saga only to come out the other side with a tentative diagnosis of "weird heart," I panic a little.
The past week has basically just been a string of moments in which I feel almost positive that I'm going to die.
I still don't know what is wrong with me, but I'm definitely not dead and I'm feeling a lot better, so that's good. | <urn:uuid:f0d930de-443c-4107-b17f-7d3e4f5c9878> | 2013-05-24T01:37:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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If I come across a person who seems to completely ignore the existence of apostrophes and capital letters and types things like "im an eagle and im typing with my talons, so dont make fun of me cuz this is hard," I like to imagine that they actually are an eagle typing with their talons. It would be a hassle if you had to hop in the air and use your feet to karate-chop two keys simultaneously every time you wanted to use the shift key to make a capital letter. Also, eagles lack manual dexterity, so I can understand why they'd want to leave out apostrophes. Eagles are all about efficiency.
But there is one grammatical mistake that I particularly enjoy encountering. It has become almost fun for me to come across people who take the phrase "a lot" and condense it down into one word, because when someone says "alot," this is what I imagine:
The Alot is an imaginary creature that I made up to help me deal with my compulsive need to correct other people's grammar. It kind of looks like a cross between a bear, a yak and a pug, and it has provided hours of entertainment for me in a situation where I'd normally be left feeling angry and disillusioned with the world.
For example, when I read the sentence "I care about this alot," this is what I imagine:
Similarly, when someone says "alot of _______", I picture an Alot made out of whatever they are talking about.
If someone says something like "I feel lonely alot" or "I'm angry alot," I'm going to imagine them standing there with an emo haircut, sharing their feelings with an Alot.
The Alot is incredibly versatile.
So the next time you are reading along and you see some guy ranting about how he is "alot better at swimming than Michael Phelps," instead of getting angry, you can be like "You're right! Alots are known for their superior swimming capabilities." | <urn:uuid:9b953f15-6812-4b2d-9f74-7ba16cc1ad6f> | 2013-05-24T01:43:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ahmedabad: Members of Muslim community on Saturday held an anti-Pakistan demonstration at Kalupu locality of the city to protest Friday’s blasts in Malegaon town of Maharashtra, in which 38 people were killed and 189 injured.
About 150 members of the minority community came out on the streets and shouted anti-Pakistan slogans, denouncing yesterday's multiple blasts in which several members of the minority community were killed. They also urged people to maintain peace.
One of the demonstrators, Rauf Bengali said, "We Muslims can see a larger picture behind the blasts that happened in Malegaon yesterday. We strongly believe it to be a handiwork of Pakistan's ISI."
"First, in order to create a rift between Muslims and Hindus, elements connected with Pakistan's ISI bombed temples (like at Varanasi) and now they are exploding bombs around mosques and graveyards," he said.
"We urge the Hindus and Muslims to stand united against such terrorist activities, directed to create communal tensions between the two communities," Bengali added. | <urn:uuid:795144b8-f9c7-4107-a29c-728e21ce85d7> | 2013-05-24T01:57:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I am trying to collect cache performance statistics with PAPI 4.1.0. It is an Intel Core i7 (Nehalem) processor. The OS is linux 2.6.31 Ubuntu 9.10 with perfctr 2.6.x installed.
When I run the test program using "make test" I got an error "pfm_initialize(): not supported" followed by "pfmlib not initialized." I checked the functionality perfctr by running programs in the "./example" directory like "perfex" and they all look good. Is there any thing I have missed?
I am kind of new on this, so sorry if somebody has justified before. I really appreciate any advice you could give me. | <urn:uuid:8393d20e-d4c7-4db0-abce-a9e9716a6dc7> | 2013-05-24T01:37:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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An economy can has a lot of sectors: agriculture, industry, services, etc. I mean, the agriculture economy, the industry economy, the services economy. If a country bases its growth in one sector for example the agriculture sector, the country has an agriculture-based economy.
The knowledge-based economy (kbe) is an economy based on the knowledge sector (design, arts, research, software, etc). A kbe is focused on the economy growth of a region. A knowledge-based development…Continue | <urn:uuid:0bb06a25-1ffd-4939-9d06-cd55fffddb44> | 2013-05-24T01:43:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Skip to Main Content
An analysis of the impact of the presence of high levels of interference in wireless sensor networks in residential buildings is presented. Furthermore, this is accompanied by WLAN measurement data to provide a quantitative illustration of actual interference levels experienced and associated signal statistics. The analysis use the excess energy needed with a simple retransmission scheme to maintain a predefined packet error rate as a figure of merit. Based on the analysis results and the example measurement data, a strategy to mitigate the effect of interference utilising the offered figure of merit is proposed.
Date of Conference: Feb. 28 2011-March 3 2011 | <urn:uuid:1034c421-16bc-4bba-b2c9-3e369b0239c9> | 2013-05-24T01:33:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Georg Philip Telemann’s father was a LUTHERAN deacon, who passed away when Telemann was only four years old. Georg Philipp showed musical talent from an early age, but the LUTHERAN elders told his mother that musical studies would lead to him becoming: “a clown, a tightrope walker or a marmot-trainer.” After Telemann studied music in secret for a while, his mother relented and let him begin musical studies with a nearby Kantor. While Telemann did not become a tight-rope walker, nor a marmot trainer, he did retain his sense of humor. Late in life, he wrote the whimsical violin concerto we just heard, which includes musical imitations of frogs. And if you like musical frogs, perhaps you’d be interested in Herpetology—that’s the scientific study of lizards and amphibians! | <urn:uuid:1acc752c-6c58-440f-9206-49c5a0230990> | 2013-05-24T01:38:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Some of your best thoughts and ideas come to mind when you're not soo much yourself. This is where I let loose and let my alter ego out! PROCEED WITH CAUTION! Follow @inebriatedlogic
A woman was shopping at her local supermarket where she selected:
A half-gallon of 2% milk,
A carton of eggs,
A quart of orange juice,
A head of romaine lettuce,
A 2 lb. can of coffee, and
A 1 lb. package of bacon.
As she was unloading her items on the conveyor belt to check out, a drunk standing behind her watched as she placed the items in front of the cashier.
While the cashier was ringing up her purchases, the drunk calmly stated, “You must be single.”
The woman was a bit startled by this proclamation, but she was intrigued by the derelict’s intuition, since she was indeed single.
She looked at her six items on the belt and saw nothing particularly unusual about her selections that could have tipped off the drunk to her marital status.
Curiosity getting the better of her, she said, “Well, you know what, you’re absolutely correct. But how on earth did you know that?”
The drunk replied, “‘cause you’re ugly.” | <urn:uuid:f6aed986-63aa-4fba-a4d5-c0c9e5bc78b0> | 2013-05-24T01:36:56Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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What is the basic foundation for a family unit? A family is more than a household unit. In the Bible, every family represented a microcosm of the community within which it lived. Therefore, when families failed, the community itself failed. In times of crisis, families were relied upon to support and strengthen the community. For example, Moses was charged to offer the following order to his followers: "Make sure there isn't a man or woman among your families or tribes who turns away from the Lord our God (Deuteronomy 29:18)." The family served as a keeper of the core values of the community in which it lived. Thus, family is something more than a household unit.
A family is more than a political or religious concept. According to the Bible, "family" is not a man-made concept. Rather, it originates from the mind of God. As recorded in the book of Genesis, family is an intentional creation of the creator, and it is directly blessed by God. No sooner after God create man and woman that he blessed them and told them to create a family: "God blessed them," states Genesis 1:28, continuing, "He said to them, 'Have children and increase your numbers.'" The concept of family predates politics and organized religions. So, rather than simply being a political or religious concept, family is an undeniably divine concept.
A family is more than an Old Testament biblical teaching. Even deep into the New Testament, the concept of family is valued as a foundation that was especially designed by God. Paul verifies this fact in his letter to the Ephesians, commenting, "I bow my knees unto the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, from whom the whole family in Heaven and earth is named (Ephesians 3:14-15)." The New Testament reminds us that you will find families in heaven and earth, and in ancient and modern day times. Families are a universal concept that supersedes the Old Testament.
What is a family? It is an important part of today's society. Family is more than a domestic unit that is only defined by the number of parents and children. It connects us to others outside of our households. Your bloodline is only one part of your family construct. Although your family unit is defined by you, it is measured by your community. Your culture, religion, and language are also important ingredients and they will bind you with others of like conviction. Family is natural and spiritual. Forged in the mind of God, it is and will forever be divinely created.
Timothy Houston is an author, minister, and motivational speaker who is committed to guiding positive life changes in families and communities. For questions, comments or more information, go to www.tlhouston.com. | <urn:uuid:6b699da9-4481-4d02-8882-bdeba3aa9696> | 2013-05-24T01:46:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Giuseppe Donati invented the modern 10-hole ocarina.
Although oceanography has been recognized as a formal scientific discipline for only 150 years, the quest for this understanding and its practical application to commerce and war - often unwitting - goes back much further.
History of the odometer.
In the late 19th century, commercial offices for conducting business first appeared in the United States. See also - Office Machinary
Ellen Ochoa invented the optical analysis system.
Tuan Vo-Dinh invented optical diagnostic equipment. Vo-Dinh's patents were for a badge worn on a worker's shirt that recorded exposure to toxic chemicals and for a optical scanner that would read that badge.
David Paul Gregg first envisioned the optical or laser disc in 1958 and patented it in 1969.
The inventors behind the first oral contraceptives.
Dr Wilhelm Reich invented the orgone accumulator.
Today's dynamic o-ring was the result of experimental work done in the early 1930's by Mr. Niels Christensen.
Ole Evinrude invented the outboard motor.
The first historical record of an oven being built refers to a stove built in 1490 made entirely of brick and tile.
If you cannot find what you want by invention, try by the inventor. | <urn:uuid:ba13b9b8-22cb-44a1-99c6-f43f27283b1c> | 2013-05-24T01:44:22Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Joined: 10 Oct 2010 Posts: 33 Location: Galway Ireland
Posted: Wed Mar 28, 2012 3:12 pm Post subject:
I have just a quick follow up question!
When using fixpix, if the gap to interpolate over is equal in both the horizontal and vertical directions, you can specify if you want fixpix to interpolate using either good pixels along a row or along a column (by using a specific value for the flag in the mask.). What I am not sure of though is how fixpix interpolates in the diagonal case, ie. conside a 3X3 block of pixels with good pixels at each of the corners:
G I G
I ..I .. I
G I G
above is my rough attempt at representing, where "G" represents Good pixels and "I" represents pixels to be interpolated over. clearly the "I" pixels on the border will be interpolated over using the adjacent "G" pixels. But what is done for the central pixel? is an interpolatiion done along the two diagonals, ie. all 4 "G" pixels are involved in the interpolation?
Unless you specifically set the linterp/cinterp params to specify the direction, the task will attempt to choose the narrowest dimension, or all things being equal, will preferentially work along lines. AFAIK, diagonals aren't ever used.
You cannot post new topics in this forum You cannot reply to topics in this forum You cannot edit your posts in this forum You cannot delete your posts in this forum You cannot vote in polls in this forum | <urn:uuid:ac4259db-a944-4c7f-9502-3115984556a0> | 2013-05-24T02:04:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Some of my friends have pictures of me and I asked them for these pictures so that I could destroy them, fearing the punishment of Allaah. Some of them gave them to me but others refused, saying that the sin will be on them and not on me. Is this correct? I hope that you can advise me.
Allaah erases sin by means of sincere repentance from sin, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And all of you beg Allaah to forgive you all, O believers, that you may be successful”
And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Islam destroys that which came before it [of sin], and repentance destroys that which came before it [of sin].” You have to destroy the pictures that you have, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to ‘Ali (may Allaah be pleased with him): “Do not leave any image without blotting it out and do not leave any elevated grave without leveling it.” Narrated by Imam Muslim in his Saheeh. With regard to the pictures of you that other people have, if you ask them to return them and they refuse, then you are free from any blame and your sincere repentance includes these pictures too; the sin is on those who are keeping them. May Allaah guide us all. | <urn:uuid:cc1c0fda-0666-4700-a7cb-41b314e819f7> | 2013-05-24T01:44:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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SommarioVisualizza tutti i dettagli
"merely" traduzione polacco
That is, our new technologies don't merely remove humans from risk.
Not excrement merely, not merely surface and orifice going unwashed, rediffusion of rum,
And all of a sudden, he would no longer appear to be merely human.
What is being remembered – merely the past half-century since the Treaties of Rome, or does our memory reach farther back?
So democracy has become merely one political choice among many other forms of political choices available in those societies.
It is not God that I do not accept. ~~~ I merely, most respectfully, return Him the ticket."
And the actions that are advocated are not even purported to solve the problem, merely to postpone it by a little.
And that's why, you know, when you're sitting here and something happens in your background, you merely move your eyes to it.
I'm merely trying to ascertain the facts.
Just the mere fact of doing that fills such a sense of adequation with our deep nature.
It turns out, merely watching a romantic comedy causes relationship satisfaction to plummet.
OK, now, I'm not hypnotizing you, I'm merely placing you in a heightened state of synchronicity, so our minds are along the same lines.
This is the spruce Gran Picea, which at 9,550 years is a mere babe in the woods.
Leopards have plummeted from 700,000 down to a mere 50,000.
He managed to do it in a mere 1,400 minutes.
To put that into perspective, this red vertical bar here marks the divergence time of humans from chimpanzees, a mere seven million years
Sinonimi (inglese) per "merely":
Esempi di utilizzo
Esempi di utilizzo "merely" in Polacco
merchandising · merchandizer · merchandizing · merchant · merchants · merciful · merciless · Mercury · mercy · mere · merely · merger · mergers · merging · meridian · meringue · merino · merit · merited · meritorious · merits | <urn:uuid:b492ad25-cdeb-42ea-b703-d3b371c9440c> | 2013-05-24T01:44:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Updated 09/22/2012 05:00 AM
Recipe: Eggs Benedict with Smoked Ham, Spinach and Cheddar Cheese Sauce
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8 large eggs
4 -6 ounces sliced smoked deli ham
4 English muffins
6-8 cups fresh leaf spinach
for the sauce:
2 Tbs butter
1 1/2 - 2 Tbs all-purpose flour (scant 2 Tbs)
1 tsp Dijon mustard
1 cup milk
4-ounces grated cheddar cheese
cracked black pepper for garnish
Bring 4 - 5 inches of water to simmer on the stovetop in a deep pot and add a little splash of white vinegar as well.
While that is heating up, melt 2 Tbs butter in a heavy bottomed pan on medium heat and then whisk in a scant 2 Tbs all-purpose flour.
Let that cook along for a minute, add 1 tsp Dijon mustard and 1 cup milk. Whisk that together and bring it up to a simmer.
Just as it comes to a simmer and starts to thicken up a bit, slowly add and whisk in 4-ounces grated cheddar cheese. Let that melt in, turn the heat off and set it aside.
Next, saute 4-6 cups of spinach in a little olive oil in a pan on the stovetop. And then, once that has wilted down, take it out of the pan.
Add a little more oil to the pan and warm up and crisp up the sliced smoked deli ham.
Once all of those things are good to go, turn the heat off on the ham, toast the English muffins and then crack and carefully add the large eggs to the simmering water, one at a time.
Poach the eggs at a gentle simmer for exactly 4 minutes and then carefully scoop them out and serve them over the top of the toasted English muffins, spinach and ham. Finish by spooning some of the cheddar cheese sauce over the top of everything.
If the cheddar cheese sauce seems too thick at any point, thin it out by whisking in a tiny bit of warm water.
Cook the eggs in batches so that you can keep track of the 4 minute timing required. | <urn:uuid:12f4da40-3ba9-4b25-91c0-8ce9f2050584> | 2013-05-24T01:50:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Above is clip from a Tennessee news channel which ran a report on a woman whose butt-implant surgery yielded less-than-desirable results. It's not clear what exactly went wrong with her new ass, or why she feels the need to keep squishing it upward, because the newscasters are laughing and exclaiming, "Wow!" so much that they don't completely relay the story. After the jump, some analysis.
OK, if you saw this still, with no background story, what would you think it was?
I IM'd a bunch of people randomly and sent them that jpeg and asked them what it remind them of. Someone said a gut, another said, "a guy with a tumor-baby." Someone else said a penis, and another said, "an ugly pregnant belly." It actually reminds me of a nose. Specifically, that of Mr. Magoo's.
No No Booty Implant [Random Good Stuff] | <urn:uuid:f1fd5a08-3a20-492f-a2a7-4415fad76bb0> | 2013-05-24T01:51:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I'm reading Lezama Lima for my graduate seminar. What a true Mother(F) of invention! It's hard to imagine a more central Latin American poet of the last century. He was Catholic and the story goes that a priest told him that he had to believe in the existence of Hell to be a good Catholic. He was having trouble with the concept and finally came up with the perfect solution: there is a Hell, but there is no one in it. | <urn:uuid:5ccf9436-d1a5-41d2-8377-45a0584cfd85> | 2013-05-24T01:30:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Chancellor's Parashah Commentary
Hayyei Sarah 5758
Genesis 23:1 - 25:18
November 22, 1997 22 Heshvan 5758
This week's comment has been written by Rabbi Morton M. Leifman, senior vice president of the Seminary
This week's Torah portion, Haye Sarah, provides us with yet another ancient episode that eventually contributed to the molding of the mythic consciousness of our people in a profound way. It begins with the death of Sarah and continues on with a lengthy description of the legal and business arrangements necessary for Abraham's acquisition of land for Sarah's burial. Abraham's status in the land of Canaan is that of ger v'toshav, a resident alien, and though a man of great substance, even a person of renown, one honored in the community, his legal status required that he obtain special permission both from the owner of the land and from the community as a whole to buy and to own property. Members of the native clans were reluctant to confer full rights even to resident aliens — especially the right to land ownership which conceivably might deplete the holdings of the progeny of those currently blessed with political control.
Abraham obtains permission to buy the field and the burial cave that it contains. The text makes no explicit comment about Abraham's discomfort at the process which required humbling himself before the residents of Kiryat Arba in order to acquire a small piece of property.
Be that as it may, as soon as Sarah is properly buried, Abraham immediately begins the process of securing the future of his destiny by attempting to assure a proper marriage for his son Isaac, and thus the potential for his own progeny. Only then can the covenant with God become real and everlasting; for the promise to Abraham was that his descendants will inherit the land.
Abraham sends his servant to his ancestral home, to Aram Naharayim for the search. The Canaanites are steeped in idolatry and immorality, and not fit to provide the proper wife for Isaac.
Not that Abraham's relatives back home are all saints either. Laban, Abraham's nephew, will soon come on stage, and the Midrash will shortly play with the name Lavan ha Arami, Laban the Aramean, and read it Lavan ha rama'i, Laban the deceiver.
But back to Abraham, the friend of God, the great iconoclast, he who gave up hearth and home, family and tradition and began a new life in Canaan. He also gave up his native language, and adopted the language of Canaan! His relatives in Mesopotamia spoke Aramaic. Hebrew is, after all, the language of the Canaanites. Abraham will, while doing his own thing, assimilate part of the culture of his adopted land; and language, one must admit, is a pretty important element of a culture. Abraham's Hebrew language will become the holy tongue, the language of Scripture.
Abraham is a complicated ancestor of a complicated people. His descendants are destined often to feel uncomfortable in alien environments — to teach and live "Torah" while all the while assimilating major elements of the cultures in which they live. They will speak dozens of languages while trying to remember the Holy Tongue, assume the dress codes of various cultures, feel relatively comfortable and uncomfortable in different eras and in varied environments and continue to search for the meaning of a covenanted relationship with the one eternal God — an interesting, an overwhelming, a magnificent but not always a comfortable destiny.
This last week the Seminary hosted a conference devoted to the culture of Ashkenaz — the music, the religious development, the literature, the hopes and aspirations of one thousand years in the German-speaking lands of Central and Western Europe. What an array of Jewish creativity and piety, cultural blossoming, eventual identification with large elements of German culture — and of terrible horror and disappointments. What glory and what horror and humiliation.
Perhaps the high point of the conference was the spoken memoir of a ninety year old gentleman, the last pre-war rabbi of the large synagogue in Mannheim, Germany, who witnessed the destruction of his synagogue on the terrible Night of Broken Glass, November 10th, 1938, and watched the horror and humiliation of dignified and law-abiding citizens and the end of 1000 years of the German-Jewish civilization.
With grace and dignity, the rabbi affirmed his faith in Israel's destiny in the Diaspora and in Israel's homeland, in the covenant of God with His people, and with the ultimate redemption of mankind.
This Jewishness is a fascinating destiny — that of Abraham's descendants; not always pleasant, not always glorious, yet always challenging in a world that badly needs God and His Jews.
Shabbat shalom u-mevorach,
Morton M. Leifman | <urn:uuid:1d230744-3c09-45f5-84e2-bcb3c09297a9> | 2013-05-24T01:37:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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In this rotation, students are encouraged to seek a wide range of experiences, which will help them understand the dynamics of working in the pulpit. Working as a USY adviser or learners' minyan leader, without exposure to the tasks in the areas listed below, will not be sufficient to fulfill this rotation's requirements.
Potential settings for the congregational rotation include:
- Working with a pulpit rabbi for the forty-hour commitment. The rotation should not consist of shadowing exclusively, nor should the supervising rabbi simply assign the student a task and leave him or her to do the job unsupervised.
- Working at your own regular pulpit. Students working at their own pulpits should meet twice per semester with experienced pulpit rabbis to discuss their work. To merit rotation credit, pulpit duties should not be restricted to leading Shabbat tefillot, but should include some exposure to working with a lay board, as well as education, programming, counseling, and life-cycle events.
Students should try at least three of the following activities during a congregational rotation:
- Working with a lay board/committees
- Accompanying and/or assisting the rabbi on life-cycle events
- Leading public tefillot and speaking before the kahal
- Leading youth groups
- Handling education/programming
- Leading children's/learners' minyanim
- Leading bikkur holim | <urn:uuid:cd87b93a-8f13-43be-82ad-81a8ba7c787f> | 2013-05-24T01:30:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Well, here's what comes to mind.
- Bowing is not reserved for G-d. There are many cases in the Bible when prominent Jews bowed to kings such as the prophet Natan bowing to David (Melachim 1:1:23) and Yosef’s brothers bowing to Yosef (Breishit 42:6). Even Avraham (Breishit 18:2) bowed to strangers whom he suspected of being idolaters (Rashi to verse 4).
Bowing in the direction of the Ark (or Aron Kodesh, as I shall call it) is not bowing to the Aron Kodesh at all, but rather bowing in the direction of the Holy of Holies in Yerushalayim (Jerusalem). When there is no Aron Kodesh (like a minyan that is not in a synagogue), we bow in the direction of Yerushalayim. Wikipedia (quoting Rambam and Shulchan Aruch) says:
"...the Aron Kodesh should be placed "in the direction in which people pray in that city," i.e. toward Yerushalayim. The Shulkhan Arukh records the same rule, but it also recommends that one turn toward the southeast instead of east to avoid the semblance of worshiping the sun".
The law is (not sure if this is across the board) that if the Aron Kodesh is not on the eastern wall (for whatever reason), one faces Yerushalayim irregardless, and does not face the Aron Kodesh.
The Shulchan Aruch Harav says:
"...One should turn towards Eretz Yisrael if they are in the diaspora, and to Yerushalayim if one is in Eretz Yisrael, and towards the Temple if one is in Yerushalayim. We are located in the west so we face east, and therefore we put the Aron Kodesh on the eastern wall, however, even if the Aron Kodesh is on a different wall, one should still face east"
As regards why we should pray in a specific direction at all if G-d is everywhere, I seem to remember learning that the main thing is that your heart be pointed (focused on) towards the Holy of Holies because that is where G-d's presence was strongest on earth.
Edit: (Thanks to
Tom Shmuel for the source)
The Mishna (Berachot 4:5) says that if one is unable to face Yerushalayim:
"he should direct his heart toward Yerushalayim."
As regards what you were taught in hebrew school, my guess is it was probably over-simplified - depending on how old you were. When I was young, I was taught similarly, but the truth is one is forbidden to worship idols in any way. Some idols are worshiped, not by bowing, but by other means, i.e. throwing rocks at them (source here), sacrificing one's children (not Isaac style, they went all the way, (according to some1)), sacrificing animals to them, burning incense, as well as other things we won't mention here. The point is, worshiping an idol in any way that we worship Hashem is forbidden, as well as worshiping them in any way in which they (specifically) are worshiped. But it must be an idol, or the intent must be that it is, for it to be forbidden. Bowing out of respect to someone is not worship.
1: Some do say that they just passed them through fire. | <urn:uuid:671b2c19-2a69-49d8-859e-6be14a4651a6> | 2013-05-24T01:30:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Bavli, Chulin 60:2, says (in my own loose translation):
Rabbi Shim'on ben Pazi noted a contradiction: [B'reshis 1:16] says, "God made the two big luminaries" and "the big luminary… and the small luminary".
The moon said to God: "Master of the world, is it possible for two kings to use one crown?"
He told her: "Go diminish yourself."
She told him: "Master of the world, because I said something proper to you I have to diminish myself?"
He told her: "Go and rule [=shine] by day and night."
(And the conversation continued further.)
Presumably this midrash is not meant literally. (Moons don't talk, for one thing.) But my question will assume it's literal. In other words, my question will be about the storyline of the midrash, assuming its premise.
My question is: In what sense was the moon diminished? Here are the two most reasonable possibilities I can see:
- The sun and moon were the same size (say, a million kilometers' diameter, like the sun is now), and the moon shrank to the 3500 kilometers' diameter it is now.
- The sun and moon were the same apparent size as viewed from earth (same angular diameter) — as they are in fact now! — and the moon shrank in the sense that now it wanes. | <urn:uuid:46a2929d-aac9-4a47-b3a3-1fcb35a7da08> | 2013-05-24T01:50:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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disclaimer: i think waterbirth is amazing, i really do. but in doing some soul searching, i've come to the conclusion that it's just not for me. i don't think it's bad or 'less than' or anything. it's just not me. so please don't take offense if you've had a waterbirth. this isn't about you, it's about me.
i started this pregnancy being overwhelmingly drawn to waterbirth. i read stories, watched videos, surfed around waterbirth websites....started gathering supplies, too. posted questions on forums on what all i would need, etc.
and then, i stopped. not consciously. i wasn't even aware that my interest had waned....until i started going over my supply list a few days ago. i realized i hadn't gotten any more waterbirth supplies. hadn't wanted to, actually. why? why would i suddenly go from being drawn to waterbirth, to now ignoring it?
i thought about the stories i'd read and videos i'd seen. they all looked and sounded wonderful...why didn't i want that? why was my mind rebelling? i compared what i had seen and read to my UC 3 years ago...what were the differences? what was it about land that seemed so much better than water?
i don't know why, but it suddenly hit me....the mess. yes, the mess. one of the things people freak out about or have umpteen million questions about when they hear 'homebirth' in the first place...some women actually go to hospitals and birthing centers because they don't want to deal with it. me? i want it. and i'm afraid the water in the pool would lessen the experience for me.
yes. i want to grab a slippery baby, maybe covered in vernix, maybe not, and hold it next to my heart, smelling the amniotic fluid and the blood and everything else, and i want to have that unadulterated mess on my skin for as long as i want it there, to be washed off at a time that is convenient and appropriate for me and the baby. i don't want to miss it. i don't want it to be in the water i'm sitting in, to be pumped out of the pool and washed away.
there's just something about it that taps into a primal part of my brain and triggers hormones and endorphins and makes it all so vivid...it's a trip. really. that's the only way i can think of to phrase it. suddenly you're the most powerful thing in the universe, having just pushed out and brought forth a new life, and here you are, holding this new life, sitting in the mess that helped create and nurture it for 9 months...and the rest of the world falls away. this is it. this is all that exists, all that matters for right now. and you know in the back of your mind, if anything threatened this tiny creature, you'd bare your teeth and rip the threat to shreds. you'd call up reserves of strength you never thought you possessed and set the world on fire if that's what it took.
and that's what i want. again.
waterbirth is beautiful, it is. but, in my mind, on my most basic, primal level, water dampens, it puts out fires. and the fire is what i need. | <urn:uuid:aaacef70-07bf-467e-94b2-b4da71b1c4eb> | 2013-05-24T01:44:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Closing a Business
Is your business closing? Is its legal status changing? This section offers a wide array of resources for both closing businesses and businesses whose legal status has changed. Find out what you need to do in order to terminate operations, including information on what licensing and regulation requirements must be met. This section also provides links to a number of counseling and other human resources sites. | <urn:uuid:009a0f54-4cca-4e6b-9e65-87f2c87268fb> | 2013-05-24T01:44:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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MELBOURNE (Reuters) - Former Wallabies flanker George Smith, who led Tokyo-based Suntory Sungoliath to their fifth All-Japan title on Sunday, is set to return to Super Rugby after agreeing to a short-term contract with his former club ACT Brumbies.
Smith debuted for the Brumbies in 2000 and notched 128 caps before heading overseas in 2010 after retiring from international rugby. He returns to Canberra after stints with French clubs Toulon in 2010 and Stade Francais last year.
The 32-year-old, one of Australia's finest loose forwards in a glittering 110-cap career, will start training with the Canberra-based side next week and could be considered for selection for their home game against the New South Wales Waratahs on March 9.
"It's exciting news for the club that we have been able to bring George back to Canberra," Brumbies coach Jake White said in a statement on the team's website | <urn:uuid:9afd99bc-2e2a-4c04-8025-ac9e9d6621ce> | 2013-05-24T01:50:56Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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We have a cocker spaniel named Magoo. He smells like a corn chip (unless he's been freshly bathed). He's roughly the same color of a corn chip. I want to rename him Corn Chip.
He doesn't speak English very well, so I'm thinking I can do it without him knowing it. I would alter his name a tiny bit every month.
I believe this would also work with very young children. | <urn:uuid:e09a3462-7592-4f58-85e1-f202bc80ff67> | 2013-05-24T02:05:40Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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If you have any questions or comments please feel free to e-mail us. | <urn:uuid:9a47e082-408f-4c0d-9a9d-a548470c37c8> | 2013-05-24T02:04:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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You can't touch it, but it affects how you feel. You can't see it, but it might be there when you look at yourself in the mirror. You can't hear it, but it's there when you talk about yourself or when you think about yourself.
What is this important but mysterious thing? It's your self-esteem!
What Is Self-Esteem?
Self-esteem can have a big part to play in how you feel about yourself and also how much you enjoy things or worry about things.
To understand self-esteem, it helps to break the term into two words. Let's first take a look at the word esteem (say: ess-teem), which means that someone or something is important, special, or valuable. For example, if you really admire your friend's dad because he volunteers at the fire department, it means you hold him in high esteem. And the special trophy for the most valuable player on a team is often called an esteemed trophy. This means the trophy stands for an important accomplishment.
And self means, well, yourself! So put the two words together and it's easier to see what self-esteem is. It's how much you value yourself and how important you think you are. It's how you see yourself and how you feel about the things you can do.
Self-esteem isn't about bragging, it’s about getting to know what you are good at and not so good at. A lot of us think about how much we like other people or things, but don't really think much about whether we like ourselves.
It's not about thinking you're perfect, because nobody is perfect. Even if you think some other kids are good at everything, you can be sure they have things they're good at and things that are difficult for them.
The most important thing to know about self-esteem is that it means seeing yourself in a positive way that's realistic, which means that it's the truth. So if you know you're really good at piano but can't draw so well, you can still have great self-esteem!
Self-esteem isn't like a cool pair of sneakers you really want but can wait until your next birthday to get. All kids have self-esteem, and having healthy or positive self-esteem is really important. It can help you hold your head high and feel proud of yourself and what you can do, even when things don't seem to be going so well.
Self-esteem gives you the courage to try new things and the power to believe in yourself. It lets you respect yourself, even when you make mistakes. And when you respect yourself, adults and other kids usually respect you, too.
Having positive self-esteem can also help you can learn to make healthy choices about your mind and body. If you think you're important, you'll be less likely to follow the crowd if your friends are doing something wrong or dangerous. If you have positive self-esteem, you know you're smart enough to make your own decisions. You value your safety, your feelings, your health — your whole self! Positive self-esteem helps you know that every part of you is worth caring for and protecting.
How Kids Get Self-Esteem
Babies don't see themselves in a good or bad way. They don't think "I'm great!" when they let out a big burp or worry "Oh, no, this diaper makes my legs look weird!" Instead, people around a baby help him or her develop self-esteem. How? By encouraging the baby when he or she learns to crawl, walk, or talk. They often say, "Good job. Good for you!" Or, they might just smile and look proud. When people take good care of a baby, that also helps him or her feel loved and valuable.
As kids get older, they can have a bigger role in developing their own self-esteem. Working hard to finish a project or assignment, getting a higher grade on a math test, or trying out for a new sport are all things kids can be proud of for trying. Some kids are not very athletic, but they might be good readers or know how to do magic tricks or are really good friends or help other people out — these are all accomplishments that help kids feel good about themselves.
A kid's family and other people in his or her life — like coaches, teachers, and classmates — also can boost self-esteem. They can help a kid figure out how to do things or notice his or her good qualities. They can believe in the kid and encourage him or her to try again when something doesn't go right the first time. It's all part of kids learning to see themselves in a positive way, to feel proud of what they've done, and to be confident that there's a lot more they can do.
Maybe you know kids with low self-esteem who don't think very highly of themselves or seem to criticize themselves too much. This can also be called negative self-esteem, and it's the opposite of positive self-esteem. Maybe you have low self-esteem sometimes and don't always feel very good about yourself or think you're important.
Sometimes a kid will have low self-esteem if his mother or father doesn't encourage him enough or if there is a lot of yelling at home. Other times, a kid's self-esteem can be hurt in the classroom. A teacher or other kids might make a kid feel like he or she isn't smart, or maybe there are mean kids who say hurtful things about the way a kid looks or acts.
For some kids, classes at school can seem so hard that they can't keep up or get the grades they'd hoped for. This can make them feel bad about themselves and hurt their self-esteem. When some kids do well and win prizes and awards, other kids might feel like they’re not as good or there's something wrong with them.
Some kids have positive self-esteem but then something happens in their lives to change that. For example:
If a kid moves and doesn't make friends right away at the new school, he or she might start to feel bad and think they are not a good friend.
Kids whose parents divorce might find that this can affect self-esteem. They may feel bad when a parent can't give them attention or come to their game, or they might feel that if they had behaved better or kept their room clean, their parents would not have split up.
Kids who look different from other kids may not feel good about themselves because they feel "different" or someone makes fun of them.
A kid who's dealing with an illness, such as cancer, diabetes, or asthma, might feel different and less confident than before.
Kids who have learning differences or know they have trouble reading a book report aloud might start losing confidence and focus too much on things they're not good at.
Even going through the body changes of puberty — something that everybody does — can affect a kid's self-esteem.
Of course it's OK to have ups and downs in your feelings, but having low self-esteem isn't OK. Feeling like you're not important can make you sad and can keep you from trying new things. It can keep you from making friends or affect how hard you try at school.
Having strong self-esteem is also a very big part of growing up. As you get older and face tough decisions — especially under peer pressure — the more self-esteem you have, the better. It's important to like yourself.
If you think you might have low self-esteem, try talking to an adult you trust about it. He or she may be able to help you come up with some good ideas for building your self-esteem.
Self-esteem can improve when you start trying things you thought were too hard and then do well at them, or when a parent, family member, or other adult encourages you, is patient, and helps you get back on track. When you start to do well, self-esteem will skyrocket!
Here are a few other things that you can try to increase your self-esteem:
Make a list of the stuff you're good at. It can be anything from drawing or singing to playing a sport or telling a good joke. If you're having trouble with your list, ask your mom or dad to help you with it. Then add a few things to the list that you'd like to be good at. Your mom or dad can help you plan a way to work on those skills or talents.
Give yourself three compliments every day. Don't just say, "I'm so great." Be specific about something good about yourself, like, "I was a good friend to Jill today" or "I did better on that test than I thought I would." While you're at it, before you go to bed every night, list three things in your day that really made you happy or that you feel thankful for.
Remember that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it is. If you are worried about your weight or size, you can check with your doctor to make sure you're healthy. Remind yourself of things about your body that are cool, like, "My legs are strong and I can skate really well."
Remember that there are things about yourself you can't change. You should accept and love these things — such as skin color and shoe size — because they are part of you.
When you hear negative comments in your head, tell yourself to stop. Remind yourself of things you're good at and if you can't think of anything, ask someone else! You can also learn a new skill (for example, karate, dance, a musical instrument) so you can feel good about that!
By focusing on the good things you do and all your great qualities, you learn to love and accept yourself — the main ingredients for strong self-esteem! Even if you've got room for improvement (and who doesn't?), knowing what you're good at and that you're valuable and special to the people that care about you can really help you deal with growing up.
Part of growing up is learning to focus on your strengths and to accept and work on your weaknesses — and that, in a nutshell, is self-esteem! | <urn:uuid:9d8200de-a4a3-4578-8249-f4a56f9d4848> | 2013-05-24T02:00:56Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Many things just seem to come naturally to some people. Maybe you know a girl who's a natural at sports — put her in a uniform and she's off and running. Some people are naturals at playing an instrument; it's like they were born knowing how to count in 4/4 time. Others are naturals at math; give them a test on theorems or equations and they're happy.
But some people have a problem with something that you'd think would come naturally to everyone: breathing. When someone has asthma, it can make breathing very difficult. And when it's hard to breathe, it can affect a person's game, that trumpet solo, and even the all-important geometry test.
What Is Asthma?
Asthma (pronounced: az-muh) is a lung condition that causes difficulty breathing. Asthma is a common condition: About 7 million kids and teens in the United States have it.
Asthma affects the bronchial (pronounced: brahn-kee-ul) tubes, also known as airways. When a person breathes normally, air is taken in through the nose or mouth and then goes into the trachea (windpipe), passing through the bronchial tubes, into the lungs, and finally back out again.
But people with asthma have airways that are inflamed. This means that they swell and produce lots of thick mucus. They are also overly sensitive, or hyperreactive, to certain things, like exercise, dust, or cigarette smoke. This hyperreactivity causes the smooth muscle that surrounds the airways to tighten up.
The combination of airway inflammation and muscle tightening narrows the airways and makes it difficult for air to move through.
In most people with asthma, the difficulty breathing happens periodically. When it does happen, it is known as an asthma flare-up also known as an asthma attack, flare, episode, or exacerbation.
Someone having an asthma flare-up may cough, wheeze (make a whistling sound while breathing), be short of breath, and feel an intense tightness in the chest. Many people with asthma compare a flare-up to the sensation of trying to breathe through a straw —it feels extremely hard to get air in and out of their lungs.
An asthma flare-up can last for several hours or longer if a person doesn't use asthma medication. When an asthma flare-up is over, the person usually feels better.
Between flare-ups, breathing can seem completely normal, or a person may continue to have some symptoms, such as coughing. Some people with asthma feel as if they are always short of breath. Others may only cough at night or while exercising and they might never have a noticeable flare-up.
What Causes It?
No one knows exactly what causes asthma. It's thought to be a combination of environmental and genetic (hereditary) factors. A teen with asthma may have a parent or other close relative who has asthma or had it as a child. Teens who are overweight may be more likely to have asthma, although a person doesn't have to be overweight to have it.
Asthma isn't contagious, so you can't catch it from someone who has it.
Asthma symptoms can be brought on by dozens of different things, and what causes asthma flare-ups in one person might not bother another at all. The things that set off asthma symptoms are called triggers.
These are some common triggers:
Allergens. Some people with asthma find that allergens — certain substances that cause an allergic reaction in some people — can be a major trigger. Common allergens are dust mites (microscopic bugs that live in dust), molds, pollen, animal dander, and cockroaches.
Airborne irritants and pollutants. Certain substances in the air, such as chalk dust or smoke, can trigger asthma because they irritate the airways. Cigarette smoke is a major cause of asthma symptoms, and not just for smokers — secondhand smoke can trigger asthma symptoms in people who are around smokers.
Scented products such as perfumes, cosmetics, and cleaning solutions can trigger symptoms, as can strong odors from fresh paint or gasoline fumes. And high levels of air pollutants such as ozone may irritate the sensitive tissues in the bronchial tubes and can aggravate the symptoms of asthma in some people with the condition.
Exercise. Some people have what's called exercise-induced asthma, which is triggered by physical activity. Although it can be especially frustrating, most cases of exercise-induced asthma can be treated so that people can still enjoy the sports they love.
Weather. Cold or dry air can sometimes trigger asthma symptoms in certain people, as can extreme heat or humidity.
Respiratory tract infections. Colds, flu, and other viral infections can trigger asthma in some people.
Lots of other things can trigger asthma symptoms. For example, a girl's asthma can get worse just before her period. And even laughing, crying, and yelling can sometimes cause the airways to tighten in sensitive lungs, triggering an asthma flare-up.
Many people with asthma are diagnosed with the condition when they're kids, but some don't find out that they have it until their teen years or even later. In diagnosing asthma, a doctor will ask about any concerns and symptoms you have, your past health, your family's health, any medications you're taking, any allergies you may have, and other issues. This is called the medical history.
The doctor will also perform a physical exam and may recommend that you take some tests, such as spirometry (pronounced: spye-rah-muh-tree) and peak flow meter tests, which involve blowing into devices that can measure how well your lungs are performing.
Your doctor may also recommend allergy tests to see if allergies are causing your symptoms, or special exercise tests to see whether your asthma symptoms may be brought on by physical activity. Doctors occasionally use X-rays in diagnosing asthma, but these are usually only to rule out other possible problems.
Your family doctor may refer you to a specialist for diagnosis and treatment. Doctors who specialize in the treatment of asthma include those who have been trained in the fields of allergy, immunology (how the immune system works), and pulmonology (affecting the lungs).
There's no cure for asthma, but it can usually be managed and flare-ups can be prevented. Asthma is treated in two ways: by avoiding potential triggers and with medication.
Teens who have asthma need to avoid the things that can cause their symptoms. Of course, some things that can cause symptoms can't be completely avoided (like catching a cold!), but people can control their exposure to some triggers, such as pet dander, for example.
In the case of exercise-induced asthma, the trigger (physical activity) needs to be managed rather than avoided. Exercise can help a person stay healthier overall, and doctors can help athletes find treatments that allow them to them participate in their sports.
Doctors treat every asthma case individually because the severity of each person's asthma and what triggers the symptoms are different. For this reason, doctors have a variety of treatment medications at their disposal.
Most asthma medications are inhaled (which means that a person takes the medication by breathing it into the lungs), but asthma medications can also take the form of pills or liquids. They fall into two categories:
Rescue medicationsthat act quickly to halt asthma symptoms once they start. Some medications can be used as needed to stop asthma symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath) when a person first notices them. These medications act fast to stop the symptoms, but they're not long lasting. They are also known as "reliever," "quick-relief, " or "fast-acting" medications.
Controller medicationsto manage asthma and prevent symptoms from occurring in the first place. Many people with asthma need to take medication every day to control the condition overall. Controller medications (also called "preventive" or "maintenance" medications) work differently from rescue medications. They treat the problem of airway inflammation instead of the symptoms (coughing, wheezing, etc.) that it causes.
Controller medications are slow acting and can take days or even weeks to begin working. Although you may not notice them working in the same way as rescue medications, regular use of controller medications should lessen your need for the rescue medications. Doctors also prescribe controller medications as a way to minimize any permanent lung changes that may be associated with having asthma.
Some people with asthma rely only on rescue medications; others use rescue medications together with controller medications to keep their asthma in check overall. Each person needs to work closely with a doctor to create an asthma action plan that's right for them.
In addition to avoiding triggers and treating symptoms, people with asthma usually need to monitor their condition to prevent flare-ups and help their doctors adjust medications if necessary.
Two of the tools doctors give people to do this are:
Peak flow meter. This handheld device measures how well a person can blow out air from the lungs. A peak flow meter reading that falls in the meter's green (or good) zone means the airways are open. A reading in the yellow zone means there's potential for an asthma flare-up. A reading in the red zone means the flare-up is serious and could mean that a person needs medication or treatment immediately — maybe even a trip to the doctor or emergency room.
Teens who take daily medicine to control their asthma symptoms should use a peak flow meter at least one to two times a day and whenever they are having symptoms.
Asthma diary. Keeping a diary can also be an effective way to help prevent problems. A daily log of peak flow meter readings, times when symptoms occur, and when medications are taken can help a doctor develop the most appropriate treatment methods.
Dealing With Asthma
The best way to control asthma is prevention. Although medications can play an essential role in preventing flare-ups, environmental control is also very important.
Here are some things you can do to help prevent coming into contact with the allergens or irritants that cause your asthma flare-ups:
Keep your environment clear of potential allergens. For example, if dust is a trigger for you, vacuum (or remove) rugs and drapes where dust mites can hide. Placing pillows and mattresses in dust-proof covers can help. If pets trigger your symptoms, keep a pet-free household. If you can't part with Fido or Fluffy, keep certain rooms pet free and bathe your pet frequently to get rid of dander.
Pay attention to the weather and take precautions when you know weather or air pollution conditions may affect you. You may need to stay indoors or limit your exercise to indoor activities.
Don't smoke (or, if you're a smoker, quit). Smoking is always a bad idea for the lungs, but it's especially bad for someone who has asthma.
Be smart about exercise. It's a great way to keep the body and mind healthy, so if you're prone to exercise-induced asthma flare-ups, talk to your doctor about how to manage your symptoms. If you get flare-ups during a game or workout, stop what you're doing until the flare-up has cleared or you've taken rescue medication. When the symptoms have gone, you can start exercising again.
Asthma doesn't have to prevent you from doing what you love! Sure, it takes a bit of work (and remembering!) but if you follow your asthma action plan, take your medications properly, recognize your symptoms and triggers, and check in with your doctor regularly, you can do anything that other teens do. That includes any sports activity, even cross-country skiing, swimming, or playing basketball. | <urn:uuid:4e38d098-32f2-49c4-ba21-aea120355500> | 2013-05-24T01:44:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Columbia/Legacy RecordingsArt Garfunkel knows all about the sound of silence. The Rock and Roll Hall of Famer was forced to take a hiatus from performing for about two years after he experienced a condition called vocal cord paresis that severely affected his esteemed singing voice. Now, however, Garfunkel has recovered enough to return to the stage, and has scheduled a series of shows that run well into the fall. The concerts also are being held to help promote his new two-CD, 34-track compilation, The Singer, which gathers together highlights from his years with Paul Simon and standout tracks from his long solo career.
In a new interview, Garfunkel tells ABC News Radio that he's "tremendously proud" of The Singer, which he compiled himself. "Like nothing I've ever done before, this is the baby," he declares. "It is my life's body of work. The best of what I have done with Mr. Simon and without, through my entire life of 50 years of trying to be a good singer."
Rather than arrange the songs chronologically, Garfunkel explains that he chose the sequence by the "feel" of the tunes.
"I know my work so well. I know the tone and the quality of their opening intros," he notes. "So, as I had a first song, I just reviewed all my body of work in my head and I knew which song felt like it wanted to come next."
Among the songs featured on The Singer are original versions of Simon & Garfunkel tunes and solo Garfunkel numbers, some alternate live or studio renditions his classics, lesser-known gems and two brand-new recordings -- "Long Way Home" and "Lena" -- that were laid down only a few months back.
Regarding his decision to include the new material on the retrospective, Garfunkel says, "Here I have an album of the best of my work through five decades, but nothing represents today, and I wanted to show that my voice is functional again…So, it's a way of saying, 'I'm all right, Jack.'"
Both tunes were brought to him by singer/songwriter Maia Sharp, with whom he collaborated -- along with Buddy Mondlock -- on the 2002 album Everything Waits to Be Noticed.
Another interesting track included on The Singer is a 2004 live version of the 1966 Simon & Garfunkel gem "Kathy's Song," which originally was sung by Paul.
Garfunkel tells ABC News Radio that he picked the updated rendition because "I thought I sang it really nice that night…and I think Paul Simon's guitar playing is just incredible."
He adds, "If you want to understand Simon & Garfunkel, just listen to what Paul is playing. The guitar playing is just the most wonderful carriage to put a passenger on, and I'm the passenger, singing."
On August 24 in Williamstown, Massachusetts, Garfunkel gave his first concert in more than two years. However, a bad cold forced him to postpone three subsequent shows this month. With regard to his vocal issues, he stresses, "I'm doing everything I can to try and bring [my voice] back, like see the doctor, relax, be silent, now start warming it up, now bring it onto the stage…Things are coming along nice."
As for how he felt at the concert in Williamstown, he says, "I was fragile, but there it was. I can sing again."
Copyright 2012 ABC News Radio | <urn:uuid:7ac91781-ba5d-45a7-a6b2-4ac0a7c146ac> | 2013-05-24T01:37:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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What Are the Health Benefits of Krill Oil?
Krill oil has been called one of the most effective all-natural supplements in the modern market. Containing Omega 3 essential fatty acids DHA and EPA, the supplement is easily absorbable and retained by the body along with astaxanthin, a potent anti-oxidant. If you are looking for a powerful supplement that has many benefits for your body, krill oil may be the answer you are looking for.
Your brain requires high levels of DHA for optimal retinal and brain health. DHA is body’s building blocks for the retina, brain, and central nervous system. DHA is found in large amounts throughout the body, yet the human body cannot produce it naturally. That means we must acquire our DHA through food. If you have a DHA deficiency, you may have an increase in risk for mood problems, irregular blood glucose levels, memory decline, focus problems and other potential nervous system disorders. The EPA contained in krill oil provides anti-inflammatory benefits to the benefits provided by the DHA. Women with a deficiency of EPA and DHA have a higher risk of developing postpartum depression after pregnancy, and there is a potential that baby may have a lower IQ.
Krill oil is also an effective source of vitamins A, and E. Clinical studies have found krill oil to be effective for improving heart-related health issues and cardiac functioning, and the EPA and DHA contained in the krill oil can help achieve healthy cholesterol levels, while reducing blood pressure and inhibiting blood clots and plaque in arteries. In addition to maintaining healthy cholesterol levels, krill oil also helps to control blood glucose levels.
The EPA contained in krill oil can also provide comfort through its anti-inflammatory properties for those suffering from stressed joints by reducing tenderness in stiffness and joints and increasing grip strength. In addition, EPA found in krill increases the body’s calcium which can support bone strength which is very important in adults. Other common health concerns and ailments can also be treated with the daily use of krill oil. Some users take krill oil supplements in order to promote weight loss by managing their cholesterol levels and controlling blood sugar levels. Some use it to improve mood and prevent mood disorders. Studies have found that children with attention problem often have a deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids, which can cause behavioral and learning problems. By increasing their levels of omega-3, researchers improved behavior and academic abilities of a group of students suffering from attention problems. The omega-3s were also shown to alleviate issues for those suffering from intolerance to light, people suffering from breathing issues, and women experiencing problems during their menstrual cycle.
High Quality Krill oil contains ingredients that can help your body in many ways, whether you are looking to prevent or manage certain health issues. When you take one or two krill oil supplements each day, your body will experience positive results. If you are looking for a superior Omega 3 product, Krill Oil might be the optimal solution for your overall health. | <urn:uuid:5b55d564-1535-47c1-8dc0-5b3164cfba9e> | 2013-05-24T01:50:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Autopsy confirms Mindy McCready's death as suicide
HEBER SPRINGS, Ark. (AP) - Authorities in Arkansas say preliminary autopsy results confirm country music singer Mindy McCready's death was a suicide.
The Cleburne County sheriff said in a statement Wednesday that preliminary autopsy results from Arkansas' state crime lab show McCready's death was a suicide from a single gunshot wound to the head.
Investigators have said McCready apparently shot and killed her late boyfriend's dog before she turned the gun on herself Sunday at her home in Heber Springs, Ark. Authorities found McCready's body and the dog on the front porch where her longtime boyfriend, musician David Wilson, died last month of a gunshot wound to the head.
Authorities are investigating Wilson's death as a suicide but they haven't determined an official cause of death yet.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.) | <urn:uuid:1167da46-88a5-4ce7-acc5-bdda15183a3c> | 2013-05-24T01:37:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Happy Birthday Son! You are such a bright, energetic, sweet soul! You have taught me so much about patience, and kindness, in our four years together. The first moment I held you in my arms, I felt like I'd known you forever. I was so smitten with you as a baby, those amber, honey colored eyes and mischievous smirk. I couldn't take my eyes off you- watching you nurse, watching you sleep, just watching, and waiting to see who you'd be. What you would like, interests, dislikes. You always know what you want, typically running on extremes. Hot or cold, night or day- but on your terms.You struggled to be heard for years, and when you finally were, I was shocked at how much you had to say. The depth of your knowledge and thoughts was immense. How intrigued you were with us, and the world around you. Such deep, deep thoughts for a little, little boy.
I'm still watching, and waiting to see who you become tomorrow, and the day after. I'm proud to call you my son, and love you more as each day passes. | <urn:uuid:713ec056-b42f-4880-a8e5-843d4d10bf76> | 2013-05-24T01:44:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"'It's an alternative fuel that is friendly for the environment. But it's complete nonsense to suggest dead cats. I've never used cats and would never think of that."
-- CNN.com - Inventor denies dead cat fuel story - Sep 15, 2005
With thanks to the the del.ico.us 'wonderful' feed for the link. | <urn:uuid:4e02089c-f1c6-49aa-affc-4e3ec5a695c7> | 2013-05-24T01:45:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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by Andy Grover
John Ousterhout, the inventor of TCL, observed that languages could be grouped into "scripting" and "system" categories, with very few falling in-between.
I believe not only that all working programmers should be familiar with at least one of each, but that familiarity with scripting language X will make one a _better_ programmer in system language Y, and vice versa. This talk will discuss the lessons each has for the other, using C and Python as primary exemplars, but also touching on other popular languages from both camps, and those that have attempted to bridge the gap.
17th–19th June 2009 | <urn:uuid:498f41d1-1462-4500-861a-fe21f34251ff> | 2013-05-24T01:57:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Principal Proposed Natural Treatments
Bruising and bleeding both occur because of damage to blood vessels. When a vein, artery, or capillary is torn or cut, blood flows out into the vessel's surroundings; if the escaped blood is contained within the tissues directly under the skin, we see a bruise.
While all of us bruise from time to time, some people bruise particularly easily. A number of factors, besides being accident-prone, can make this occur.
One factor contributing to easy bruising is thinning skin, caused by aging or by medications such as corticosteroids . Easy bruising can also be due to fragile blood vessel walls. Finally, difficulties with blood clotting, including problems with platelets or clotting factors, can also increase bruising. For this reason, strong blood-thinning drugs such as heparin and warfarin (Coumadin) can lead to excessive bruising. Warning : If you’re taking these or other anticoagulant drugs and notice increased bruising, contact your doctor, as this situation could be dangerous.
Aspirin or natural remedies, such as policosanol , ginkgo , garlic , and high-dose vitamin E , may also thin the blood, possibly raising the risk of bruising and other bleeding problems; and if you combine two blood-thinning substances, these effects might multiply.
Rarely, severe bruising from minor or unnoticed injuries can be a sign of leukemia or another serious health problem. Especially if this is a new development, discuss your symptoms with a doctor.
However, in most cases, there is no identifiable medical cause for easy bruising, and no conventional treatment. Furthermore, once you have a bruise, there is no conventional therapy to help speed its resolution.
Principal Proposed Natural Treatments
A number of natural substances might be helpful for easy bruising, including citrus bioflavonoids, the related substances OPCs and bilberry, and vitamin C. In addition, if you already are bruised, you may find some help with a combination of two proteolytic enzymes, trypsin and chymotrypsin or a topical preparation, of escin (an extract of horse chestnut).
Citrus Bioflavonoids and Related Substances
Bioflavonoids (or flavonoids) are plant substances that bring color to many fruits and vegetables. Citrus fruits are a rich source of bioflavonoids, including diosmin, hesperidin, rutin, and naringen; studies have found these bioflavonoids may help decrease bruising. Two types of natural compounds related to bioflavonoids—OPCs (oligomeric proanthocyanidins) and anthocyanosides—have also shown promise for decreasing the tendency to bruise.
Anthocyanosides, which are present in high concentrations in bilberry, may also strengthen capillaries through their effects on collagen. Some European physicians believe that these vessel-stabilizing properties make bilberry useful as a treatment for easy bruising, but the evidence as yet is only suggestive.
Vitamin C is essential for healthy collagen; severe vitamin C deficiency, called scurvy, can lead to easy bruising. Fortunately, scurvy is extremely rare in Western countries today—but marginal vitamin C deficiency is not rare, and might lead to increased risk of bruising.
If your diet is low in fresh fruits and vegetables, you may wish to supplement it with vitamin C. In the study mentioned above, bruising in elderly people decreased significantly with 1 g of oral vitamin C given daily for 2 months.
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Vitamin C article.
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Proteolytic Enzymes article.
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Horse Chestnut article.
Other Proposed Natural Treatments
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Bromelain article.
Other Herbs Used for Bruising
The herbs comfrey, arnica, and sweet clover are widely used externally on bruises and other minor injuries, but despite this traditional use, there is no real scientific evidence that they work.
Note : There are various safety concerns involved in using comfrey, arnica, and sweet clover internally. For the treatment of bruising, they are used as topical ointments and salves.
For a discussion of homeopathic approaches to easy bruising, see the chapter on bruises in the Homeopathy Database
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 07/2012 -
- Update Date: 07/25/2012 - | <urn:uuid:9dffa843-0592-48f7-bb30-29aca2c93ff3> | 2013-05-24T01:38:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"Prometheus" LaRouche sends reply to would-be Gods of Olympus
The would-be "gods of Olympus," who claim to control the Reagan administration, the incoming Bush administration, and the U.S. judicial system up to the level of the Supreme Court, have chosen to dispatch me a series of messages. For reasons to be made clear, my reply is being transmitted via the public news media, via this and other appropriate publications.
The first message, delivered a few weeks ago, was in the nature of a
"calling card." This message predicted the rigged, corrupt verdict which those agencies claimed they had rearranged in the Alexandria Federal court case concluded last friday. That message was an accurate prediction of results accomplished by means of "sleepers" planted inside the jury.
As that predicted result was occurring, a second message was sent from
the same source via the same channel. This message predicts that I have approximately thirty days to accept the terms of submission to be proferred by the messenger's principals, or see myself and those associated with me destroyed through the U.S. courts. The messenger stated that his principals control the U.S. courts up to the highest level in this matter, to the effect that everything is already fixed up to the highest level of both the courts and the Reagan and Bush administrations.
I am informed that the proposed terms of my submission are | <urn:uuid:26de6552-514c-44a5-92e0-8758404fb14a> | 2013-05-24T01:50:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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From the Wisconsin State Journal: A 7-year-old boy who was picnicking with his family died Tuesday after a vehicle left Mineral Point Road, hit a tree and landed on the picnic table behind a business in University Research Park on Madison's West Side.
The Dane County Medical Examiner's Office identified the boy as Aiden Mueller.
The boy's 36-year-old mother was critically injured, but stable Wednesday, said Madison police spokesman Joel DeSpain....
According to police:
The family was having dinner at a picnic
table at about 6 p.m. when a driver went off Mineral Point Road and hit
a small tree. The vehicle then went airborne and landed on the picnic
The driver of the vehicle, who was not injured, might have had a medical condition at the time of the crash.
said the 59-year-old Madison woman got out of her car after the crash
and "was wandering around and appeared disoriented."
Your out on a picnic with your family, minding your own business, far away from the road the traffic and then all of a sudden, a car literally flies through the air and kills a 7 year old boy. How can you even explain this. An act of God?
I am not an atheist, but it's incident's like this that make you really wonder why. | <urn:uuid:529eb445-550d-40b9-8988-6a882410669e> | 2013-05-24T01:51:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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When the Crusaders came to Latvian land they had to look for a suitable place to establish a base of operations. Since the mouth of river Daugava was a perfect place for merchants and port making they first landed on the shores of Riga Bay and sailed in the inner waters of the Daugava. The place around the mouth of Daugava was perfect because it was located in the center between territories of four Latvian tribes and could be supported from Germany by supply ships.
The Christian missionary Meinard came along with merchants who knew the land before and brought him to the Livonian town of Ikšķile. Ikšķile is located further from Riga, the German could not get the permission to establish a trade base there because they had to deal with trade rivals from the Duchy of Polock. The local Livonians had to pay fees to Polock or risk bloody attack. This was not a full time enslavement and the annexation of Livonian lands from Polock. It was rather close to protection payment as practiced by criminal gangs to extract money from weak shopkeepers. The Russians did not interfere much in local Livonian politics or their religion. The Germans on the other hand wanted more power on Livonians mainly their land.
Meinard became the first Bishop on the Ikšķile he built the stone first church and stone palace in Latvia. There was records of Scandinavian built wooden church in Courland but its remains were never found. There was a wooden Orthodox Church in Jersika but no stone buildings built by Latvians themselves are not found until this day. The church of Ikšķile now lies in ruins and is located on the separate island in the result of flooding done by the Riga Hydroelectric power plant.
As already mentioned in some previous post the mission of baptizing local Livonians was not successful. When Livonians discovered that Germans will be another oppressor far worse than Russians, they rejected the Christianity by simply “washing it away” in Daugava. Meinard was forced to ask to the Pope for permission to organize Crusade. But he died in 1196 giving his job to his heir Bishop Berthold. He started to organize Crusade and managed to get justification for his war by getting a bulla (the sacred church delclaration against its enemies) against Livonian issued by the Pope. In year 1198 he on the horseback accompanied by knights approached Livonian castle of Sala. He demanded Livonians to baptize immediately. The Livonians refused and Berthold returned at the “spot of Riga” (ad locum Rige), because the castle was located on the island and Berthold needed ships to attack it. Livonians realising the danger decided to make preventive attack by joining forces and surprise the crusaders at their weakspot. The battle resulted in defeat on both sides- Livonians were forced to flee, but the Berthold was killed. Livonians were forced to pay fees but Crusaders needed a new much better leader.
In year 1198 the new more greater and powerful leader came to Latvian lands. The new Bishop Albert had everything to manage Crusade against Latvian Pagans. At this same year the new Roman Pole Innocent III recognized as the most glorious Middle Age Pope was elected. They both had much in common- they willed for supreme power, they both organized Crusades and were far better diplomats than secular kings of their time. However they both suffered a crucial failure; Pope Innocent III was swindled by greedy Venetian merchants who diverted the Fourth Crusade (1204) from the Holy Land to Constantinople compromising the whole idea of Crusades because a Christian capitol was destroyed in the name of Holy War. Same thing happened to Albert when he was forced to give protection rights to the greedy knights of the Brothers of the sword. Albert outlived Innocent III by 14 years (Innocent III died in 1216) dying in 1229. The last resting place of both great church leaders is unknown until this day.
Albert did not rush to Latvian land; he wanted to “study the circumstances without the help of army first”. He first went to Gotland where he recruited men for his Crusade and then came back to Germany where he looked for more Crusaders. The Pope Innocent III issued bulla against Livonian barbarians “who gives the God’s honour to dull creatures and bushes”. In 1200 he finally entered the Latvian land visiting Crusader outposts at Ikšķile and Sala. He was attacked by Livonians on the way and escaped defeat with difficulty because according to Chronicle of Henry he was not supported by German knights. This however doubtful giving question where the 500 German knights whom Albert brought with him were hiding when Albert was in danger? That can be more a propagandist claim by Chronicler Henry making Albert’s achievements too great. The historian Indriķis Šterns insists that the story of Bishop Albert recruiting more than hundred men to Latvian land is a propagandist claim. He rather entered the river Daugava alone without Crusaders or with smaller amount of them.
Albert at year 1200 already started to move to the site of Riga. The German merchants already may have even a wooden settlement there. Albert knowing that this is the best spot decided to establish his base there. The site of Riga was not first settled by Germans- there were small Livonian villages there already. He requested the Pope Innocent III for giving monopoly rights to the port of Riga. It was done but the document is not preserved until this day, giving no details about it. But it sure was the juridical basis for Albert to start “building the city of Riga” in 1201 as claimed in Chronicle of Henry. So the year 1201 is officially considered as the founding date of Latvia. At year 2001 Riga celebrated the 800 year birthday. Albert moved his residence from Ikšķile to Riga. The first citizens of Riga were German merchants, Russian merchants, clergyman and Crusader knights as well as local Livonians. Riga started as a small German trade settlement absorbing nearby Livonian villages, gaining more emigrants from Germany and Western Europe and becoming a strong natural center of Latvian land. Riga has no clear date of founding because there were settlements before 1201 and there is no official founding document. The Bishop Albert also cannot be clearly called as the founder of Riga because he in reality just moved his residence to Riga were first settlements were already built. As Indriķis Šterns insists Riga can be compared to Rome which also started as an group of small settlements joined by the Romans, and founded with no documents and claimed to be built by two brothers Romulus and Rem. However this does not prevent us from considering that Riga founded in 1201 by Bishop Albert because the every good legend has the legacy of making history.
Šterns,Indriķis. (2002) Latvijas vēsture, 1180-1290: krustakari. Riga: Latvijas vēstures instūta apgāds.
Zeids, Teodors (Ed.) (1978). Feodālā Rīga. Riga: Latvijas PSR Zinātņu akadēmija. Vēstures institūts.
Caune, Andris, Ose, Ieva. (2010) Latvijas viduslaiku mūra baznīcas : 12. gs. beigas – 16. gs. sākums : enciklopēdija. Riga: Latvijas vēstures institūta apgāds. | <urn:uuid:8a049fd4-ba97-4fb5-8b9d-06958606e0ae> | 2013-05-24T01:29:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I'm basically the coolest person you will ever meet.
I love cupcakes. Preferably red velvet ones. I am a survivor in every sense of the word. I hate sharks. I have manners and I like to sneeze. Google me. It's fun. I'm not kidding. :) Lauren Michelle Cootes. | <urn:uuid:5b34006c-ceae-41d6-9f14-dfa95790b904> | 2013-05-24T01:31:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The resources included on this page are designed to help you assess and develop your students' report writing skills.
Resources for tutors
This resource provides suggestions and practical help for those delivering student workshops/classroom activities.
You may also find the following resources helpful when considering listening and interpersonal skills.
To access full range of tutor resources click here. | <urn:uuid:6ed5145f-5fa8-4958-9c60-16c05238e8fe> | 2013-05-24T01:44:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Who is this guide for?
For researchers interested in American life in the various decades of the 20th century. It contains the following areas: Special Collections, Chronologies, Fads & Crazes, Decade-by-decade list.
This guide is by no means a comprehensive list of what resources are available. It is merely a place to get started. | <urn:uuid:d4b03393-3ded-413c-87c7-fedb6df8be7e> | 2013-05-24T01:56:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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If you have read the whole website Iím surprised. I thank
you can take the quiz. To take this quiz you will need to learn the
rules. The rules for first game is simple all you have to do is read the
question and answer if remember you can look back. The quiz also can tell you how many
you got wrong or right.
Question 1. What is the color of Jupiter's coldest and
Question 2. How many moons does Jupiter have?
Question 3. How many moons does Saturn have?
Question 4. What is one of Saturn's moons' name?
Question 5. How many moons does Uranus have?
Question 6. How many moons does Neptune have?
Question 7. What is Pluto's moon | <urn:uuid:0b9dc119-6f68-4aab-8a9d-ceb1f6a4fe04> | 2013-05-24T01:30:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Alternative Energy Coalition, ca.1975-1985. 9 boxes (13.5 linear feet).
A product of the vibrant and progressive political culture of western Massachusetts during the early 1970s, the Alternative Energy Coalition played a key role in the growth of antinuclear activism. In 1974, the AEC helped mobilize support for Sam Lovejoy after he sabotaged a weather tower erected by Northeast Utilities in Montague, Mass., in preparation for a proposed nuclear power plant, and they helped organize the drive for a referendum opposing not only the proposed plant in Montague, but existing plants in Rowe, Mass., and Vernon, Vt. Forming extensive connections with other antinuclear organizations, the AEC also became one of the organizations that united in 1976 to form the Clamshell Alliance, which made an art of mass civil disobedience.
The AEC Records provide insight into grassroots activism of the 1970s and 1980s, galvanized by the seemingly unrestrained growth of the nuclear power industry. The records, emanating from the Hampshire County branch, contain both research materials used by the AEC and organizational and promotional materials produced by them, including publications, minutes of meetings, correspondence, and materials used during protests. Of particular interest are a thick suite of organizational and other information pertaining to the occupation of the Seabrook (N.H.) nuclear power plant in 1979 and minutes, notes, and other materials relating to the founding and early days of the Clamshell Alliance. The collection is closely related to the Antinuclear Collection (MS 547).
- Antinuclear movement--Massachusetts
- Hampshire County (Mass.)--History
- Nuclear energy--Massachusetts
- Political activists--Massachusetts
- Renewable energy source
- Seabrook Nuclear Power Plant (N.H.)
- Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Station
- Alternative Energy Coalition
- Clamshell Alliance | <urn:uuid:7fbb58c4-80c3-403c-b18c-a16ad367d531> | 2013-05-24T01:44:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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“Let's discuss how to enter the realm of true feeling in the world of illusion, before Earth Changes alter that reality into a hard-working, joyful expression of love.
Your Earth has been printed with 144 crystal quarries that are connected to the Central Earth spiritual kingdom, known as Shambhala.Shambhala receives currents of electromagnetic energy from a primary core collector on the Giza plateau in Egypt. Normally, this energy is diverted to the tectonic plate seams that keep continental land masses in place. As zero point is reached, some of this energy is diverted by Shambhala directly to these 144 crystal quarries, and they are activated.
As the Second Coming occurs and star vessels position themselves within Earth's own merkabah structure, an alignment is created between the 144 star tetrahedrons of Earth's merkabah and these 144 subterrestrial crystal configurations. On the surface of Earth, these quarries create a very special vortex. You have observed some of these vortexes as sacred sites such as Mt. Shasta in California, Sedona in Arizona, and Stonehenge in England, whose last full activation point was about 30,000 years ago.
“There exist twelve in the United States and Canada, twelve in Mexico and Central America, and twelve in South America. There are twelve in Africa, western Europe, Sweden and Norway. and twelve in eastern Europe through Turkey and Greece. The Middle East has twelve, including Egypt to the south and southern Russia to the north. The remaining portions of Russia, northern China and Tibet share twelve, as do southern China, India, Cambodia, Viet Nam, and Laos. Twelve serve Australia and Malaysia. Twelve serve the western Pacific including Japan, and twelve serve the eastern Pacific and polar regions.
The final twelve are independent and represent ancient vortexes that are distributed globally as 'time portal' vortexes. These are activated first and handle the beginning of the ascension of the 144.000. The two nearest to your area lie in southwestern Colorado and on the Big Island of Hawaii. All remaining vortexes will be activated as the number of Ascending Masters increases.
“Once zero point is achieved, it will become a highly intuitive and frequent impulse within you to travel to one or many of the activated vortexes. You will feel 'true feelings' and realize that this is perhaps your ascension point. You will take these feelings back home with you, but will desire to return as often as possible until you unite with your retribalizing soul group and finally move to your ascension vortex.
Excerpt from Celestial Reunion, A Channeled Tale by Peter Phalam | <urn:uuid:38fa2f8f-37da-439f-9a48-3616d4e74d08> | 2013-05-24T01:51:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I lol'd big time when I saw the results of this. Dragons? Right, okay. I understand the idea of maybe something that metaphorically 'breathes fire' and the whole concept of "Hey, it's almost the same as a dinosaur" but serious, 40% said dragons? Okay, so I voted for unicorns and yes, my vote is biased just like yours! Either way, what animal (whether reptile or mammal or otherwise) has ever actually been proven to breath fire? Is it even remotely related to the family dragons might fall under? RIGHT, there's that one beetle or whatever... case in point. So unicorns were supposed to have healing powers. So is green tea. So is meditation and incense. That's not fire breath... or ice breath or acid breath or whatever other nonsense. Basically, if you use the most common description of a unicorn, they're pretty much like... big deer (note: not like white tail. More like caribou size or something) but with only one "antler". Basically, it's sort of the same idea as SirenGarg has goin on there. Look at me, getting all defensive. The results of this poll are just kinda one-sided if you ask me.
Not all dragons were believed to have breathed fire. Dragons was my second choice- because they're bound to be a wyvern around. (Kinda like Skyrim dragons, except with correct membranes and didn't have magic and etc)
About unicorns, as much as I love and adore unicorns, I don't believe they ever existed. I think it was more mistaken identify and exaggeration. Just look at unicorn myths. We have every description from being a horse, to deer/goat like, to having the feet of an elephant...Frankly I think legends of unicorns were inspired by the rhino. As well as seeing antelope in profile or with a broken horn. I saw video of an antelope in Africa with a broken horn and it looked very unicorn-ish.
Yeah, I'm sure someone has said it, but dragons...if many different cultures have a dragon creature in legend, then there had to be SOMETHING that inspired them!
But I voted for Bigfoot...if humans evolved, then there's bound to be some kind of Sasquatch out there that evolved similar to us, right?
Unicorns I believe in the least...I mean, it's not too out there, a horse creature with a horn (part horse, part goat, lol...or part rhino)...doesn't have to be magical or anything...but I dunno...just doesn't seem practical for a horse to have a horn when they can run like the wind and kill you with a kick (and their biting isn't fun either!). Are their necks strong enough for ramming to be practical for a horn?
Gee, make it HARD why don't ya! LOL! I believe they ALL either STILL exist, a variation of them exists, or were hunted to extinction before we knew how valuable and irreplacable they were. I still believe that Yeti/Bigfoot/Sasquatch and all other variations exist to this day and are either Giganto-pithicus Erectus (sp? Oh well) evolved or another type of primate similar in intelligence to humans who CHOOSE to be elusive.
There is evidence to suggest that 2-3 species of Humanoid primates co-existed in the same time frame and that OUR species quickly became the most dominant and either 1) interbred with eachother to dilute and evolve our genetics--2) wiped them out because of our superior intelligence/weapons/tools etc or 3) those who survived our attempts to be the most superior drove them into hiding and they have been that way since-- OR 4) ALL of the ABOVE to some extent or another on differing continents.
When we go on "hunts" or exploratory expeditions to "discover" them, I think we are STILL trying to treat them like lesser intelligent Primates like Gorillas and Chimpanzees--which don't get me wrong, ARE intelligent too---but I really think we are dealing with a LIKE-minded creature more than some "DUMB animal" and that with "camera traps", research expeditions and "Monster Quests" we are still thinking we are in pursuit of another APE, instead of a semi-other-humanoid-intelligent-primate. We get closer to revealing the truths, but come on, are there really HUNDREDS of hoaxers out there waiting in the MOST remote areas (that may only see people once or twice a year???) to jump out and run through the woods in an elaborate monkey suit to "freak people out" or leave monstrous tracks with actual dermal ridges--I seriously think NOT---sure there ARE hoaxers, but not ALL of these sightings, photos or videos can be a hoax---and when Native cultures WORLD WIDE have ANCIENT stories/pictographs/histories/drawings about these creatures LONG before it was a way for free attention, SHOULDN'T that hold some merit???
Call me crazy, but I even believe that SOME Bigfoot sightings are of Shape-shifters between forms and that the reason you can't track them is that they either finish shifting to their animal (bear, wolf, coyote, cougar etc) form, or that later on you encounter them in their Human form as a hiker or party of hunters or something...hey, in my world ANYTHING is possible!
Unicorns could have been a deformed deer/antelope/goat in some areas and a Rhino or one horned Oryx in another, but it's not fun to imagine that people were seriously that delusional to describe the SAME animal , again, WORLD WIDE! EVEN Native Americans have stories about Unicorns!It's no fun to not believe, and having an imagination about these creatures keeps my artistic mind in motion to keep creating art, so hey, I am ALL for it!
Dragons are another world-wide phenomenon, with MANY cultures describing giant reptilian animals that could fly, spit fire/ice/water, and resembled crocodiles or other reptiles like snakes. So I believe these things have merit too.
I look at the idea of Nessie/Champ/Ogopogo etc. and think, maybe these are our "Dragons"? AND that it is totally possible that if the Crocodiles, Alligators, snakes, monitor lizards, Komodo Dragons etc could survive the MASS extinction that happened to EVERY OTHER animal in their era, and that THEY survived, WHY on EARTH couldn't OTHER reptiles/reptoids (my own word) ???????? I just feel that there are too many modern belief systems and even sciences that discount the existence of world-wide creatures as MASS hysteria, MASS hallucinations or a primal urge to explain things by creating entities of similar make-up to worship/fear...
I can't just throw it out because we can't find bodies or bones (ever heard that even ANCIENT cultures of Cro-Magnon (sp?) had burial rituals?) WHY can't a Sasquatch be congnicent enough to bury or dispose of their dead too--maybe because they have a culture of their own and KNOW how WE are likely to behave if one of them is found/captured/killed etc???? If WE exist, why can't they too?!?!?!
Sorry for the LONG post, but I am an amateur-Cryptozoologist and I believe in possibilities before religion OR science comes into play to explain things away---
You know what, unicorns are very possible if you do a little research. There's a disease/condition/something or other that makes horn-like growths appear on ones body. Humans have had it before, and so have other animals. So if at one time or another that disease effects a horse, then that would count as a unicorn, yes?
Nessie supposidly was a dinosaur, and I don't think they exist since the ice age, but there may have been one in the lake long ago.
Bigfoot may just be an ape that is a bit unique. I watched a documentary on an ape once who stood like a human and was very creepy to me, but real. Only thing is he was normal size, not human size. But if something like that creature was larger he could be mistaken for Bigfoot.
Dragons? Depends what you think a dragon is. I don't believe fire breathing flyers ever existed. But we have large lizards, one of which we call a dragon, so who's to say there isn't an undiscovered species out there that more or less resembles the mythical form?
But, I voted for unicorns since the first thing that came to my mind was that horned disease. I think it's funny most people voted for dragons. | <urn:uuid:58ca2ea3-aeed-477f-af78-89aee1ee2b49> | 2013-05-24T01:29:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"I am a Conservative to preserve all that is good in our constitution, a Radical to remove all that is bad. I seek to preserve property and to respect order, and I equally decry the appeal to the passions of the many or the prejudices of the few."
"Power To The People!" Wolfie Smith
"We the people are the rightful masters of both Congress and the courts, not to overthrow the Constitution but to overthrow the men who pervert the Constitution"
Sunday, 14 March 2010
Always Read The Instructions On The Superglue Packet
Apply soapy water to the affected area and spin until released. | <urn:uuid:0037a45d-d577-4a62-9078-a3b85545b60c> | 2013-05-24T02:05:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Why is this difference? Am I missing something here?
Another is that sys_mbox_post takes the pointer to the message. But the size of the message isn't passed. If the size of the message is passed in the buffer it self, it hasn't been documented. So, how does this work?
A couple of functions require that time spent waiting, be returned in milliseconds. How accurate should this be? What are the practical limits that you would suggest? | <urn:uuid:b39f1ea6-e214-4bd9-8ba8-5a78cfb0594e> | 2013-05-24T01:50:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Example implementation of SIOCSIWPMKSA?
ramalhais at serrado.net
Wed Oct 26 10:54:26 EDT 2005
On Tue, 2005-10-25 at 18:10 -0700, Jouni Malinen wrote:
> On Tue, Oct 25, 2005 at 07:43:34PM +0200, Henrik Brix Andersen wrote:
> > Are there any driver(s) out there implementing SIOCSIWPMKSA which can be
> > used as a reference for implementing this ioctl in other drivers?
> ndiswrapper implements SIOCSIWPMKSA. Many Linux drivers don't have
> support for driver controlled roaming (ap_scan=2 mode in wpa_supplicant)
> and as such, they don't need SIOCSIWPMKSA.
Could you explain a bit more what the driver/card would do when
receiving the SIOCSIWPMKSA ioctl commands "add", "remove" and "flush"?
Pedro Ramalhais <ramalhais at serrado.net>
More information about the HostAP | <urn:uuid:048c4e7d-a885-4012-95b6-583606258885> | 2013-05-24T01:58:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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[whatwg] onshow event
ian at hixie.ch
Tue May 4 21:47:13 PDT 2010
On Tue, 4 May 2010, Perry Smith wrote:
> I see in the html5 spec an 'onshow' event but no text describing when
> the 'show' event is triggered.
It's part of the context menu mechanism:
> It would be wonderful if an element had an event that would fire when
> that particular element is shown on the page. This might be due to the
> display attribute changing or it might be due to it scrolling into view.
That's more of a presentation issue; I recommend raising this in the
context of CSSOM. Anne, is there a bug database or issues list for CSSOM
where things like this can be logged?
Ian Hickson U+1047E )\._.,--....,'``. fL
http://ln.hixie.ch/ U+263A /, _.. \ _\ ;`._ ,.
Things that are impossible just take longer. `._.-(,_..'--(,_..'`-.;.'
More information about the whatwg | <urn:uuid:5fc77e68-4eba-4200-b0be-42079ab46fcd> | 2013-05-24T01:51:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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- Putting salt on a railroad track may be punishable by death
- It is illegal for a driver to be blindfolded while operating a
- In Fairbanks, it is illegal to feed alcoholic beverages to a moose.
- Another law in Fairbanks, does not allow moose to have sex on city streets.
- Community leaders passed an ordinance that makes it illegal for
anyone to try and stop a child from playfully jumping over
puddles of water.
- In Ventura County, California cats and dogs are not allowed to have sex
without a permit.
- You can be stopped by the police for biking over 65 miles per
- You are not allowed to walk across a street on your hands.
- Women may be fined for falling asleep under a hair dryer, as can
the salon owner.
- A special law prohibits unmarried women from parachuting on
Sunday or she shall risk arrest, fine, and/or jailing.
- If an elephant is left tied to a parking meter, the parking fee
has to be paid just as it would for a vehicle.
- It is illegal to sing in a public place while attired in a swimsuit.
- Men may not be seen publicly in any kind of strapless gown.
- It is illegal for a man to be in public with a "visible" erection.
- It is illegal to masturbate
- If two persons of the opposite sex are under a blanket with their
shoes off, they are considered to be having sex.
- It is illegal for anyone to give lighted cigars to dogs, cats,
and other domesticated animal kept as pets.
- Bathing is prohibited during the winter.
- Citizens are not allowed to attend a movie house or theater nor
ride in a public streetcar within at least four hours after eating
- Kisses may last for as much as, but no more than, five minutes.
- A state law in Illinois mandates that all bachelors should be called master,
not mister, when addressed by their female counterparts.
- In Oblong, Illinois, it's punishable by law to make love while hunting or
fishing on your wedding day.
- It is illegal to have uncastrated livestock in city limits.
- By law, anyone who has been drinking is "sober" until he or she
"cannot hold onto the ground."
- It is illegal to transport an ice cream cone in your pocket.
- An excerpt from brilliant Kentucky state legislation. "No female shall appear
in a bathing suit on any highway within this state unless she be escorted by
at least two officers or unless she be armed with a club".
- It is illegal to rob a bank and then shoot at the bank teller
with a water pistol.
- Biting someone with your natural teeth is "simple assault," while
biting someone with your false teeth is "aggravated assault."
- It is illegal to win more then 3 dollars while gambling!
- No gorilla may be in the backseat of any car at any time.
- Mourners at a wake may not eat more than three sandwiches.
- Snoring is prohibited unless all bedroom windows are closed and
- An old ordinance declares goatees illegal unless you first pay a
special license fee for the privilege of wearing one in public.
- Taxi drivers are prohibited from making love in the front seat of
their taxi during their shifts.
- Married women may not cut their own hair without their husbands
- It is illegal for a man to ride faster than 20 on a bike and no less than 3.
- It is legal to smoke marijuana in public.
- When you get out of prison you are legaly entitled to a gun, a horse and a suit.
- No man is allowed to make love to his wife with the smell of garlic, onions,
or sardines on his breath in Alexandria, Minnesota. If his wife so requests,
law mandates that he must brush his teeth.
- It is illegal to drive without shoes on
- In Merryville, Missouri, women are prohibited from wearing corsets because
"The privilege of admiring the curvaceous, unencumbered body of a young
woman should not be denied to the normal, red-blooded American male."
- Bozeman, Montana, has a law that bans all sexual activity between members of
the opposite sex in the front yard of a home after sundown-if they're nude.
- A law in Helena, Montana, mandates that a woman can't dance on a table
in a saloon or bar unless she has on at least three pounds, two ounces of
- A parent can be arrested if her/his child cannot hold back a burp
during a church service.
- The owner of every hotel in Hastings, Nebraska, is required to provide each
guest with a clean and pressed nightshirt. No couple, even if they are
married, may sleep together in the nude. Nor may they have sex unless they
are wearing one of these clean, white cotton nightshirts.
- Females are strictly forbidden to appear unshaven in public.
- During lunch breaks in Carlsbad, New Mexico no couple should engage in a
sexual act while parked in their vehicle, unless their car has curtains.
- Any couple making out inside a vehicle, and accidentally sounding the horn
during their lustful act, may be taken to jail according to a Liberty Corner,
New Jersey law.
- A fine of $25 can be levied for flirting. This old law specifically
prohibits men from turning around on any city street and looking
"at a woman in that way." A second conviction for a crime of this
magnitude calls for the violating male to be forced to wear a
"pair of horse-blinders" wherever and whenever he goes outside for
- An ordinance was passed last year banning hurricanes from entering
the city limits. (Topsail Beach)
- Attempted suicide was considered attepted murder. At one
time, this was subject to the death penalty.
- Beer and pretzels can't be served at the same time in any bar or restaurant.
- Women are prohibited from wearing patent leather shoes in public.
- In Cleveland, Ohio, it's illegal to catch mice without a hunting license.
- In Oxford, Ohio, it's illegal for a woman to strip off her clothing while
standing in front of a man's picture.
- Violators can be fined, arrested, or jailed for making ugly faces at a dog.
- Females are forbidden from doing their own hair without being licensed by the state.
- Dogs must have a permit signed by the mayor in order to congregate in
groups of three or more on private property.
- Clinton, Oklahoma has a law against masturbating while watching two people
having sex in a car.
- In Willowdale, Oregon no man may curse while having sex with his wife.
- Any motorist who sights a team of horses coming toward him must pull well off the road,
cover his car with a blanket or canvas that blends with the countryside, and let the horses pass.
If the horses appear skittish, the motorist must take his car apart, piece by piece, and hide it
under the nearest bushes.
- A special cleaning ordinance bans homemakers from hiding dirt and dust under a rug
in a dwelling.
- No man may purchase alcohol without written consent from his wife.
- In Harrisburg, Pennsylvania it is illegal to have sex with a truck driver
inside a toll booth.
- A city ordinance states that a person cannot go barefoot without first
obtaining a special five-dollar permit.
- It is illegal to take more than three sips of beer at a time while standing.
- It's illegal to put graffiti on someone else's cow.
- Law forbids carrying around a fence cutter or a pair of pliers that could cut fence.
- In Kingsville, Texas there is a law against two pigs having sex on the city's
- A Tremonton, Utah law states that no woman is allowed to have sex with a man
while riding in an ambulance. In addition to normal charges, the woman's
name will be published in the local newspaper. The man does not receive any
- Utah state legislation outlaws all sex with anyone but your spouse. Next to
that adultery, oral and anal sex, masturbation are considered sodomy and can
lead to imprisonment. Sex with an animal - unless performed for profit -
however is NOT considered sodomy. Polygamy - provided only the missionary
position has been applied - is only a misdemeanor.
- Lawmakers made it obligatory for everybody to take at least one bath
each week- on Saturday night.
- Seattle residents may not carry concealed weapons longer than six feet.
- All lollipops are banned.
- A law to reduce crime states: "It is mandatory for a motorist with criminal intentions
to stop at the city limits and telephone the chief of police as he is entering the town.
- The only acceptable sexual position in Washington D.C. is the
missionary-style position. Any other sexual position is considered illegal.
- In the state of Washington there is a law against having sex with a virgin
under any circumstances. (Including the wedding night).
- No children may attend school with their breath smelling of "wild onions."
- In Connorsville, Wisconsin no man shall shoot off a gun while his female
partner is having a sexual orgasm.
- An ordinance in Newcastle, Wyoming, specifically bans couples from having sex
while standing inside a store's walk-in meat freezer!
From: http://home.scarlet.be/patrick.verboven ... rlaws.html | <urn:uuid:67f331f5-4cf9-47d9-a2c3-73f948de4892> | 2013-05-24T01:45:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.04150390625,
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0.11279296875,
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-0.01202... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942344 | 2,068 | http://lithiumstudios.org/blog/EXreaction/strange_american_laws_b-59_sid-e6a9f12d7ddb22599c67d314aa575c2a.html | 0.256713 |
Do you have a unique and interesting idea for a short film or animation? Not sure of the potential of such an idea and how best to take it to the world?
Have you made a production schedule and budget for your idea? Have you found a cast and crew to bring your idea to life?
Are you aware of all the possible options available to fund your idea? Are you overwhelmed by the process of applying for grants or meeting financial reporting requirements? | <urn:uuid:1bb1f144-231d-4608-b34e-48784ee27060> | 2013-05-24T02:06:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.03488004952669144,
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The partner of the late MP David Cairns has been told he will only receive a personal apology over remarks by the incoming Archbishop of Glasgow if he asks for one.
Dermot Kehoe said he had been offered a "non-apology apology" after Bishop Philip Tartaglia insinuated that Mr Cairns's death at the age of 44 was linked to his sexuality.
Mr Kerhoe said he had been angered by press reports that the archbishop-elect had agreed to meet him, insisting no approach had been made.
Mr Cairns, who served as a priest before becoming Labour MP for Inverclyde, died from pancreatic cancer in May 2011.
A spokesman for the Catholic Church confirmed that Bishop Tartaglia would not approach Mr Kehoe, but would respond to any approach from him.
The row centres on remarks made by the archbishop-elect at a conference at Oxford University in April, when he raised concerns about the "physical and mental health of gay men".
"Recently in Scotland there was a gay Catholic MP who died at the age of 44 or so and nobody said anything. And why his body should just shut down at that age?
"Obviously he could have had a disease that would have killed anybody but you seem to hear so many stories about this kind of thing, but society won't address it."
Bishop Tartaglia later offered a "general apology" to "everybody who has taken offence" at his remarks.
'What children say'
A spokesman for the Archdiocese of Glasgow said: "The archbishop-elect has said he will be amenable to meeting with (Mr Kehoe). The meeting will be in private and will take place after the current media storm has passed.
"The bishop will not be approaching (Mr Kehoe). He will respond to the approach but won't make his own approach."
Mr Kehoe said: "He is saying there will be a meeting when things have all died down. He may want people to think that but it is simply not true.
"If he invited me to a meeting I would come to a meeting, private or otherwise, but he simply hasn't.
"His apology was that: he was taken out of context and didn't mean to cause offence but if anyone has taken offence I apologise for that.
"That's a non-apology apology. That's what children say: I didn't do it but I apologise if people were foolish enough to be offended by it."
- Gay behaviour 'leads to early death', says spokesman for Catholic Church
- Scottish Government confirms it will legalise same-sex marriage
- New Catholic Archbishop 'made homophobic remark' about late MP David Cairns
People who read this story also read
- Tommy Sheridan hints at political comeback as he is freed from tag
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- Man raped sleeping woman on her first night out after having baby
- Pedestrian had purse stolen as she lay on ground after car collision
- Tributes paid to pipe band drummer who died on holiday in Turkey | <urn:uuid:8df36339-7181-4bc8-908b-f6f439622197> | 2013-05-24T01:29:56Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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-0.... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.99075 | 644 | http://local.stv.tv/glasgow/112628-partner-of-late-mp-david-cairns-told-to-ask-catholic-church-for-apology/ | 0.18797 |
Hiya, I'm Lucy, a Scottish illustrator with a penchance for Diehard films, the yellows of eggs as well as dark chocolate and inappropriate cartwheeling. Take a look at my work and make these noises - 'oooh!' and 'ah!' and perhaps make comments such as 'she's good isn't she' and 'what time's tea again?'. Feel free to get in touch regarding work or simply to forward mildly pornographic images. | <urn:uuid:4babd677-ea82-479f-8eab-244025859ffc> | 2013-05-24T01:36:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
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Before attempting to remove stubborn stains from a garment always
circle the stain in permanent pen so that when you remove the
garment from the washing machine you can easily locate the area
of the stain and check that it has gone.
High blood pressure sufferers: Simply cut yourself and bleed for
a while, thus reducing the pressure in your veins.
Olympic athletes. Conceal the fact that you have taken
performance enhancing drugs by simply running a little slower and
letting someone else win.
Heavy smokers: Don't throw away those filters from the end of
your cigarettes. Save them up and within a few years you'll have
enough to insulate your attic.
Create instant designer stubble by sucking a magnet and dipping
your chin in a bowl of iron fillings.
X File fans: Create the effect of being abducted be aliens by
drinking two bottles of vodka. You'll invariably wake up in a
strange place the following morning, having had your memory
A sheet of sandpaper makes a cheap and effective substitute for
costly maps when visiting the Sahara desert.
Convince neighbors that you have invented a 'SHRINKING' device by
ruffling your hair, wearing a white laboratory coats and parking
a MAC Truck outside your house for a few days. Then dim and
flicker the lights in your house during the night and replace the
MAC Truck unseen, with a Tonka toy of the same description. Watch
their faces in the morning!
Nissan Micra drivers: Attach a lighted sparkler to the roof of
your car before starting a long journey. You drive the things
like dodgem cars anyway, so it may as well look like one.
Tape a chocolate bar to the outside of your microwave. If the
chocolate melts you will know that the microwaves are escaping
and it is time to have the oven serviced.
A mouse trap, placed on top on of your alarm clock will prevent
you from hitting the snooze button, rolling over and going back | <urn:uuid:fc8f1198-6da0-4340-b54f-f56b4d95a754> | 2013-05-24T01:29:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
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0.02790178544819355,
0.02580915205... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915517 | 428 | http://lunaticoutpost.com/Topic-Which-one-is-you?pid=3801942 | 0.15772 |
Incentives likely to include large payments to soldiers now working as translators.
The Army may begin paying a retention bonus of as much as $150,000 to Arabic speaking soldiers in reflection of how critical it has become for the US military to retain native language and cultural know-how in its ranks.
Only one other job in the Army, Special Forces, rates such a super-sized retention bonus. Now, as the military makes a fundamental shift toward rewarding the linguistic expertise it needs the most, it is expanding a program to train and retain native Arabic and other speakers from the same regions in which it is fighting.
"This is a war not only against the US, but against our way of freedom," says Sergeant Madi, a native interpreter and US citizen who asked to be identified only by his surname due to security concerns for him and his family. "We have been fighting for over 16 years against Islamic extremism. It is also my war."
After the invasion of Iraq and the insurgency that followed, the US military recognized its dearth of linguistic competence in the country it had just toppled, and it scrambled to identify Arabic and other linguists.
The military's conventional language training program, the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, Calif., could not churn out enough American soldiers proficient in Arabic, Kurdish, Dari, Pashtu, and Farsi, and the military quickly turned to private contractors to fill the gap. Numerous programs have sprouted up, including one at Fort Lewis, Wash., where soldiers are given a 10-month immersion program in language and culture.
Page 1 of 4 | <urn:uuid:9bb674d8-f99a-460a-95b8-10cb22e7b099> | 2013-05-24T01:44:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
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0.0625,
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-0.0038... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969969 | 327 | http://m.csmonitor.com/USA/Military/2008/0805/p01s01-usmi.html | 0.366693 |
KOLLAM (Kerala): The two Italian naval guards, facing murder charges in Kerala, today surrendered their passports at the trial court here within hours of returning to India after Christmas holidays at home.
The naval guards -- Massimiliano Latorre and Salvatore Girone -- drove to Kollam after arriving in Kochi to comply with the court direction that they should surrender their passports as soon as they returned to India.
As part of the procedures, the naval guards filed an affidavit before District and Sessions Judge P D Rajan stating they had not only kept their assurance to the court but had returned to India a few days earlier than the time-frame set by the court.
The naval guards also urged the court to return the Rs six crore bank guarantee submitted by them as part of the condition set by the Kerala high court for allowing them to join their families in Italy for a few days.
The judge extended the residence permit of the naval guards upto May 13, 2013 and asked them to appear before the court on January 15 for further proceedings in the case.
On December 22, the naval guards had left for Rome after the Kerala high court permitted them to go for Christmas for two weeks.
The naval guards were arrested on February 19 last for shooting to death two Indian fishermen -- Ajesh Binki (25) and Jelestine (45) from onboard merchant vessel 'Enrica Lexie' off Alapuzha coast, 'mistaking' them for Somali pirates. | <urn:uuid:6f988225-4127-413d-aae7-027978ada0fa> | 2013-05-24T01:31:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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BEIJING: Amidst military tensions with its neighbours, a top Chinese general has warned countries in conflict with China not to underestimate its will to safeguard its sovereignty or its "military's staunch power" to protect Beijing's core national interests.
Speaking at a discussion to strengthen maritime struggle and maritime security cooperation conducted by People's Liberation Army (PLA) on Monday, Gen Qi Jianguo, deputy chief of general staff, said no country should underestimate China's determination to safeguard territorial integrity.
"He stressed in his speech that countries cannot underestimate the Chinese nation's strong will of safeguarding its state sovereignty, cannot underestimate Chinese government's firm determination of safeguarding its territorial integrity and cannot underestimate Chinese military's staunch power of safeguarding the core national interests", a brief report in state run People's Daily online said.
His comments followed growing military tensions between China and a host of its neighbours, specially Japan and South East Asian countries over maritime disputes.
China is also exercised by US new defence doctrine shifting majority of its military assets to Asia Pacific.
Gen Qi, who was elevated to the deputy chief rank in the recent shuffle after a once-in-a-decade leadership change of the ruling Communist Party of China (CPC), evinced interest in improving defence ties with India during his talks with the Indian defence team headed by defence secretary Shashi Kant Sharma here last month.
The 2.3 million strong PLA is now headed by new CPC leader Xi Jinping who would be taking over as president next month following the retirement of Hu Jintao.
With him, a new political administration formally takes over power replacing the decade old structure headed by Hu. | <urn:uuid:53aca73e-4dde-433a-9f68-5d7c8c3562d6> | 2013-05-24T01:59:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.02604166604578495,
0.07916666567325592,
-0.0026599701959639788,
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0.09583333134651184,
-0.0565476194024086,
-0.03035714291036129,
0.10476190596818924,
0.0024739583022892475,
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-0.... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952263 | 335 | http://m.timesofindia.com/world/china/Do-not-misjudge-our-military-power-China-warns-neighbours/articleshow/18353294.cms | 0.535142 |
[Tutor] adding together strings
Fri, 7 Apr 2000 08:02:02 -0700
> Hello python tutors,
> I hope you can help me with a little problem. (I am a beginner).
> I am working on a program which will access some files in a folder on the
> desktop without me having to type in the whole address every time.
> Here is what I would like to do.
> filename = raw_input("type name of file ")
> filename="C:\windows\desktop\targetfolder\" + filename
> When I try this kind of thing at the command line it works fine, but when I
> put it into a module it tells me that "filename" is an "invalid token"
I'm suprised it works at the command line - you have a problem here with
Python's rules for escaping special characters in strings. The primary
problem is that the \ before the final " on the second line escapes the ",
so that Python thinks of it as being a quote within the string rather than
the quote that ends the string.
Similarly, although you may not have noticed it, the \t in \targetfolder
gets turned into a tab.
You can fix this immediately by something like:
filename = raw_input("type name of file ")
filename="C:\\windows\\desktop\\targetfolder\\" + filename
In other words, in regular strings in Python, whenevr you want a "\" you
should type a "\\".
A better solution to your problem, because it will be breeding good habits
for the future, is to use the os.path module's functions, particularly
os.path.join. This will help if you ever have to work with unix or mac
systems in python; and means you don't have to work with all those double
backslashes on your system.
Hope this helps. | <urn:uuid:6b44b8a1-5afb-4888-b8f0-8c82c30d88d9> | 2013-05-24T01:51:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.04244730621576309,
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0.0450819656252861,
0.0... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899846 | 409 | http://mail.python.org/pipermail/tutor/2000-April/001361.html | 0.793886 |
The Elliott Wave Principle is a detailed description of how financial markets behave. The description reveals that mass psychology swings from pessimism to optimism and back in a natural sequence, creating specific Elliott wave patterns in price movements. Each pattern has implications regarding the position of the market within its overall progression, past, present and future. The purpose of Elliott Wave International’s market-oriented publications is to outline the progress of markets in terms of the Wave Principle and to educate interested parties in the successful application of the Wave Principle. While a course of conduct regarding investments can be formulated from such application of the Wave Principle, at no time will Elliott Wave International make specific recommendations for any specific person, and at no time may a reader, caller or viewer be justified in inferring that any such advice is intended. Investing carries risk of losses, and trading futures or options is especially risky because these instruments are highly leveraged, and traders can lose more than their initial margin funds. Information provided by Elliott Wave International is expressed in good faith, but it is not guaranteed. The market service that never makes mistakes does not exist. Long-term success trading or investing in the markets demands recognition of the fact that error and uncertainty are part of any effort to assess future probabilities. Please ask your broker or your advisor to explain all risks to you before making any trading and investing decisions. | <urn:uuid:7cf5435e-352a-43d0-abfd-08120af5f326> | 2013-05-24T01:31:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.023509174585342407,
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0.0005733944708481431,
0.05848623812198639,
-0.08830275386571884,
0.003249235451221466,
0.09709480404853821,
-0.014812691137194633,
-0.027714068070054054,
0.10244648158550262,
-0.0009257931960746646,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927464 | 272 | http://mailto:media@elliottwave.com/freeupdates/tag/cash.aspx | 0.202234 |
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same,
SECTION 1. The position of light plant manager in the town of Hull shall be exempt from the provisions of chapter thirty-one of the General Laws.
SECTION 2. The provisions of section one shall not impair the civil service status of any incumbent holding the position of light plant manager in the town of Hull on the effective date of this act. | <urn:uuid:c0829d9b-e9cf-43bc-9e8b-0d00917aecf7> | 2013-05-24T01:54:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
[
-0.05676605552434921,
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-0.009604358114302158,
-0.006163991056382656,
0.09518348425626755,
-0.019065367057919502,
-0.055905964225530624,
0.051032111048698425,
-0.022219035774469376,
-0.04873853176832199,
0.0791284367442131,
0.035693805664777756,
... | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.882619 | 96 | http://malegislature.gov/Laws/SessionLaws/Acts/1985/Chapter248 | 0.75466 |
Provided by: portslave_2010.04.19ubuntu1_i386
pslave.conf - configuration file for portslave(8)
A line that starts with '#' is a comment. Any other line is a
configuration statement. Configuration statements may be extended to
cover multiple lines with a '\' character at the end of a line.
In previous versions of Portslave there are two main types of
configuration directives, global directives that start with 'conf.'
and line directives starting with 'all.' or 'sXX.' The configuration
directives were divided (somewhat arbitarily) into global directives
that apply to all lines and line directives that may have different
values for each line. This distinction makes no sense to me, so I have
removed it. Now all directives can have different values for each
line! This gives this version of Portslave many new configuration
options that were previously absent.
If a line starts with 'conf.' or 'all.' then it's value is a default
value for all lines. If a line starts with 'sXX.' then it's value
applies to the specified line (where 'XX' specifies the number of the
'NAS port' - a non-negative number). This number is the command-line
parameter used on the portslave command line.
Configuration directives are all comprised of a name followed by a
value. The value may be of type int, dynamic int, bool, string, enum,
hostname, hostname service, IP number, IP number service, dynamic IP
number, and chat-script.
int A simple number.
Number which may end in a '+' character to specify that the it
is to have the port number added to it.
bool A boolean value, 0/no/false or 1/yes/true.
string A string may comprise multiple lines, non-terminal lines must
end with a '\' character. Strings do not need quotes around
them (double quotes around strings are accepted but ignored,
useful if you want leading or trailing white-space I guess).
The null string representation is "". All the usual string
escape sequences are supported, \n for a new line, \r for
carriage return, ^D or ^d means the controll-D sequence
(character ASCII 4 EOT).
enum One of several string values that are internally translated to a
Hostnames are resolved to IP addresses immediately upon startup!
You must have your name server running before Portslave is
hostname and IP service (either a number or a name to be
resolved from /etc/services). The IP service is optional, if it
is specified then the IP address must be enclosed in "[" and
Simple dotted-quad IP address.
dynamic IP number
Dotted-quad IP address which may end in a '+' character to
specify that the IP address is to have the port number added to
Lines may be expanded in the following fashion:
This means the same as the following:
s32.tty tts/C0 s33.tty tts/C1 ... s63.tty tts/C31
bool - whether to write users' passwords to syslog (default no).
A chat script is at it's simplest a series of expect send pairs.
The system will expect a string and then send another string in
response if/when it receives the expect string. An
expect-string may be of the form A-B-C in which case if the
sub-string A is not found due to timeout then the sub-string B
will be sent and then the sub-string C will be expected. NB
There must be exactly three parts to an expect-string that has
sub-strings and they are to be delimited by "-" characters.
Also note that to wait for a "-" you must escape it as "\-".
The send string may have the following special escape sequences.
"\d" for a one second delay, "\p" for a 100ms pause, "\l" to
lower DTR for one second, "\c" to specify that the string is not
to end with a "\r" character, and "\K" to send a break
Also special strings may be inserted before the expect strings
in any part of the chat script. The special strings are as
TIMEOUT XX to specify that the new timeout when waiting for an
expect string is to be XX seconds.
WAIT DCD to wait for the DCD line of the modem to be asserted.
STATUS USER-NAME HOST-NAME writes an entry to the /var/run/utmp
file with the user name field set to the first parameter
(portslave uses "Incoming" and "Connected" as the default values
for the first two phases of connecting). It also uses
"%p:I.HANDSHAKE" as the default for the hostname. See
ctlportslave for the use of this.
ABORT XX to abort the connection if the string XX (which may
contain multiple words surrounded by quotes) is received.
SETVAR Z=XX to set the variable specified by the character Z to
the text following the string XX (quote the entire Z=XX part if
the string XX contains a space). The variable Z may be 'C' for
the connect string, 'S' for the source of the call (from caller
line identification), or 'D' for the number dialled (from CLI).
Here is an example to recognise the connect strings from common
configurations of Hayes compatible modems:
SETVAR "C=CARRIER " SETVAR C+PROTOCOL: SETVAR C?CONNECT
The first line does an unconditional assignment when the string
"CARRIER " is found, the second appends data to the variable
when the string "PROTOCOL" is found, and the third will do an
assignment when the string "CONNECT" is found if the variable is
Note that in the variable assignment white-space preceeding the
value is removed.
String - Hostname of the current system. Defaults to the
hostname returned by gethostname().
IP number - address for local end of SLIP and PPP connections,
defaults to a DNS lookup of the value from hostname.
String - Lock directory, defaults to /var/lock which is the
directory for FSSTD compliant systems. If set to an empty
string then it will turn off locking.
rlogin String - Where to find the rlogin binary that accepts the -i
flag for specifying the local user-name.
Defaults to the location where we install rlogin-radius.
telnet String - Where to find telnet. This can just be the system
Defaults to where telnet is detected on the local system.
ssh String - Where to find ssh. This can just be the system SSH.
Defaults to where ssh is detected on the local system.
pppd String - Where to find our patched pppd that supports the
Defaults to the location where we install pppd-radius.
bool - If you set this to true, you can login locally by putting
a '!' before your loginname. Useful for emergencies when the
RADIUS server is down. Setting this is a potential security
bool - Set to true if you want CHAP authentication. Turned off
by default at the moment because the chap code in pppd doesn't
allow setting the IP address.
syslog hostname - The host to send remote syslog data to. Leave empty
for only local logging.
int - The local facility number. A number from 0 to 7 inclusive
means syslog facility local0 to local7.
string - Directory where your scripts that set up IP filtering
(typically using ipchains or iptables) are stored. To invoke
them, just add the RADIUS-attribute Framed-Filter-Id = "foo" to
your profile, where foo is the name of script. Then the script
will be run as: script <start:stop> <remote ip> <local ip>
bool - whether to remove a preceeding 'P', 'C', 'S', '!', or 'L'
or a trailing '.slip', '.cslip', or '.ppp' before storing the
user-name in the utmp.
tty string - this is the only line directive that can't be used as
an 'all.' or path or relative to /dev) that is used for the
device. If you want devices /dev/tts/0 and /dev/ttr/5 to be NAS
ports 1 and 2 respectively and have them use the default line
settings (from the 'all' values) then you can use the following
s1.tty tts/0 s2.tty ttr/5
debug int - 0 means no debug output, 1 means some, 2 means all. 2
means lots of data!
bool - if true then log to utmp like a regular getty/login. Do
not set this to false unless you really know what you are doing,
it breaks ctlportslave (amoung other things).
bool - if true then log to wtmp like a regular getty/login (NB
we will never log to wtmp if utmp logging is off).
string - format of the utmp/wtmp FROM field. See the expansion
directives section. The default value is "%p:%P.%3.%4", for
ctlportslave to work properly the start of the string must be
bool - emulate a modem. This is for when Portslave is directly
connected to a machine that thinks it is connected to a modem.
Portslave will emulate a Hayes compatible modem.
enum - 'async', 'sync', 'isdn', 'isdn-v120', or 'isdn-v110'. If
you don't understand this then you probably want 'async'.
enum - 'none', 'radius', 'tacacs', 'remote', 'local',
'radius/local', 'tacacs/local', 'local/radius', or
'local/tacacs' for which type of authentication to use. 'none'
means that we just use the supplied user-name for logging
purposes and don't talk to the RADIUS server on login.
string - file name for configuration file for radclient
bool - true means to accept RADIUS logins with a null password,
false means to reject them. Default true.
hostname - host names for the TACACS Authentication host if
Portslave is compiled with TACACS support.
enum - 'login', 'rlogin', 'telnet', 'ssh1', 'ssh', 'slip',
'cslip', 'ppp', 'ppp_only', 'tcpclear', 'tcplogin', 'console',
'socket_client', 'socket_server', or 'socket_ssh'.
Login is to exec /bin/login. Rlogin, telnet, and ssh are for
executing those programs to login to other machines. Slip,
cslip, and PPP are for running those IP connectivity protocols,
ppp_only is for leased line configuration. Tcplogin and console
are apparently not implemented, with tcpclear I have not been
able to work out what it does. Contributions welcome! Default
host hostname - default host for rlogin/telnet/ssh sessions.
dynamic IP number - used as the client IP address if the RADIUS
server doesn't send an IP address, or when it tells us to use a
IP number - in almost all cases it should be 255.255.255.255,
leave it at that unless you really know what you are doing.
mtu int - MTU for connection, 1500 is a good value as that's what
Ethernet uses and most packets get routed over Ethernet in some
way so 1500 avoids fragmentation and reduces the number of
packets needed to transfer data.
mru int - MRU for connection, generally should be the same as the
string - PPP command-line options to be used when we autodetect
a PPP session. Note that the expansion directives apply.
pppopt string - PPP command-line options to be used when we have
already authenticated the user and the service type is known to
be PPP. Same format as autoppp.
issue string - message that is issued on connect. Expansion
directives are applied.
prompt string - login prompt, default is "%h login: ". Expansion
directives are applied.
term string - terminal type for rlogin/telnet/ssh sessions. Defaults
speed int - port speed in bps.
dynamic int - port number used for telnet targets.
parity enum - 'none', 'odd', or 'even'.
int - number of stop bits.
int - size of a character 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits.
dcd bool - use the DCD line or not (this sets CLOCAL if off). This
means that the session will get hung up if the modem hangs up.
flow enum - 'none', 'hard', or 'soft'. Hardware (RTS/CTS), software
(XON/XOFF AKA ^S/^Q), or no flow control.
chat-script - the chat script for initialising the modem and
answering. Needs much more documentation on this.
string - configuration file for radclient (default
string - the times that are allowed for logins.
bool - if true then the maximum length of the call will be
determined by the value of the login_time setting.
These directives can be used for the format of the utmp/wtmp field, for
the autoppp, pppopt, issue, prompt fields, and others.
%l login name
%L stripped login name
%p NAS port number
%b port speed
%H host for telnet/ssh connections
%i local IP
%j remote IP
%1 first byte (MSB) of remote IP
%2 second byte of remote IP
%3 third byte of remote IP
%4 fourth byte (LSB) of remote IP
%M multilink if the RADIUS server has PW_NAS_PORT_LIMIT set to > 1,
otherwise empty string
%I idle timeout
%T session timeout
%d dcd setting, expands to "modem" if DCD line is to be used or to
"local" if it isn't. Put this on the ppp command line to give
it the right setting to match the value of the "dcd" attribute.
The documentation section for protocol in the line directives section
needs to be improved. I intend to do so as soon as I work out what the
The initchat option needs heaps more documentation. As soon as I
figure it out...
The realm section needs to be improved, to do this I have to go through
the code and comment what it does so I can understand it.
This man page was written by Russell Coker <email@example.com>. May
be freely used and distributed without restriction.
portslave(8), pppd(8), cltportslave(1)
Russell Coker <firstname.lastname@example.org>010.03.30 pslave.conf(5) | <urn:uuid:d6ef08fd-33fc-4539-9d00-01d75dbea706> | 2013-05-24T01:45:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Edited by Henry Altemus
it, took poor Tom and the thistle at one mouthful. While the cow was chewing the thistle Tom was afraid of her great teeth, which threatened to crush him in pieces, and he roared out as loud as he could: "Mother, mother!"
"Where are you, Tommy, my dear Tommy?" said his mother.
"Here, mother," replied he, "in the red cow's mouth."
His mother began to cry and wring her hands; but the cow, surprised at the odd noise in her throat, opened her mouth and let Tom drop out. Fortunately his mother caught him in her apron as he was falling to the ground, or he would have been dreadfully hurt. She then put Tom in her bosom and ran home with him.
Tom's father made him a whip of barley straw to drive the cattle with, and having one day gone into the fields, he slipped a foot and rolled into the furrow. A raven, which was flying over, picked him up and flew with him to the top of a giant's castle that was near the seaside, and there left him.
Tom was in a dreadful state, and did not know | <urn:uuid:c7bde9e0-7070-4fcc-87cb-1a0546de4da1> | 2013-05-24T01:38:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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rtists in their native state and stalk some authors and poets, maybe, and study their habits.
Oh boy, you ought to have seen Harry Donnelle. He just sat there on the edge of Council Rock (that's where we have important meetings at Temple Camp) and laughed and laughed and laughed.
Mr. Ellsworth said, "It is hoped that these brave scouts may succeed in capturing a poet and bringing him home as a specimen, and that they may find other fossils of interest. Meanwhile, the Ravens and the Elks and myself will drift down in our house-boat and endeavor to find someone to tow us from Poughkeepsie to New York and up our own dear river to Bridgeboro. The Ravens and the Elks wish me to offer the brave explorer, Mr. Harry Donnelle, a vote of thinks for taking the Silver Foxes away. They appreciate that he does this for the sake, not of the Silver Foxes, but as a good turn to the Ravens and the Elks. The Ravens and the Elks hope to have a little peace meanwhile. They thank him. In the familiar words of one of | <urn:uuid:1c46c730-0a07-436e-9a62-62a5d6b4455f> | 2013-05-24T01:37:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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To say what was in THE BOOK OF ALL POWER, that book which was desired by so many from Soviet officials to His Imperial Highness, would be to rob Mr. Edgar Wallace of half of the thunder. Suffice it to say that what the book really does contain comes as a splendid surprise in the last few pages of an especially vivid story. For from the moment that the hero gets his appointment with an oil company in Russia, to his emergence from that country with a Grand Duchess as his wife, there is not a page empty of pulsation and excitement.
e great happenings which must follow."
She was silent for awhile, then she asked whether it was safe, and he laughed.
"Safe!" he scoffed. "There are no secret police in London. This is a free country, where one may do as one wishes. No, no, Sophia Kensky, be not afraid."
"I am not afraid," she answered, "but tell me, Yakoff, what is this great meeting about?"
"You shall learn, you shall learn, little sister," said Yakoff importantly.
He might have added that he also was to learn, for as yet he was in ignorance.
They drove into a labyrinth of narrow streets and stopped suddenly before a doorway. There was no sign of a restaurant, and Yakoff explained, before he got out of the cab, that this was the back entrance to the Silver Lion, and that most of the brethren who used the club also used this back door.
He dismissed the cab and pressed a bell in the lintel of the door. Presently it was opened and they passed in unchallenged. They were in a small hallway, lighte | <urn:uuid:64268de5-ddef-45a7-a256-2525ee43495e> | 2013-05-24T02:08:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Song Dynasty (960–1279) of China was a period
of Chinese history marked by
commercial expansion, economic prosperity, and revolutionary new
Private trade grew and a market economy
began to link the coastal provinces with the interior. The enormous
population growth rate from increased agricultural cultivation in
the 10th to 11th centuries doubled China's overall population,
which rose above 100 million people (compared to the earlier
, with some 50 million
Beyond domestic profits made in China, merchants engaged in
overseas trade by investing money in trading vessels that docked at
foreign ports as far away as East
. The world's first development of the banknote
, or printed paper money (see Jiaozi
), was established on a massive scale.
Combined with a unified tax system and efficient trade routes by
road and canal, this meant the development of a true nationwide
market system in China. Although much of the revenue in the central
was consumed by the
needs of the military defense
, government taxes imposed on the rising commercial base
in China refilled the monetary coffers of the Song government. For
certain production items and marketed goods, the Song government
imposed monopolies in order to boost revenues and secure resources
that were vital to the empire's security, such as steel, iron, and
chemical components for gunpowder
Massive Expansion of ploughland
The Song government encouraged people to reclaim barren lands and
put them under cultivation. Anyone who opened up new lands and paid
taxes were granted permanent possession of the new land. Under this
policy, the cultivated land in the Song Dynasty is estimated to
have reached a peak number of 720 million mu
, and was not
surpassed by later Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Prominent statesman and economist Wang
issued the Law and Decree on Irrigation in 1069 that
encouraged expansion of the irrigation system in China. By 1076,
about 10,800 irrigation projects were completed, which irrigated
more than 36 million mu
of public and private land.
irrigation projects included dredging the Yellow River at northern
China and artificial silt land in the Lake Tai
As a result of this policy, the crop in China
Improvements in Farm Tools, Seeds and Fertilizer
The Song Dynasty inherited the curved iron plough invented in the
(618–907) as described in
detail in Lu Guimeng's The Classic of the Plough
. The Song
Dynasty improved on the Tang Dynasty curved iron plough and
invented a special steel plough design specificily for reclaiming
wasteland. The wasteland plough was not made of iron, but of
stronger steel, the blade was shorter but thicker, and particularly
effective in cutting through reeds and roots in wetlands in the
valley. A tool designed to
facilitate seedling called "seedling horse" was invented in Song
Dynasty; it was made of jujube
paulownia wood. Song Dynasty farms used bamboo water wheels
to harness the flow energy of
rivers to raise water for irrigation of farmland.
The water wheel was about 30 chi
in diameter, with
ten bamboo watering tubes fastened at its perimeter. Some farmers
even used three stage watering wheels to lift water to a height of
over 30 chi
High yield Champa
paddy seeds, Korean yellow
paddy, Indian green pea
, and Middle East
were introduced into China
during this period, greatly enhancing the variety of farm produce.
Song farmers emphasized the importance of night soil
. They understood that using night soil
could transform barren wasteland into fertile farmland. Chen Pu
wrote in his Book of Agriculture
of 1149: "The common
saying that farmland becomes exhausted after seeding three to five
years is not right, if frequently top up with new soil and cure
with night soil, then the land becomes more fertile".
introduced from Hainan Island into
Song Dynasty tribute tea, the big
Cotton flowers were collected, pits removed,
beaten loose with bamboo bows, and drawn into yarns and weaved into
cloth called "jibei"." The cotton jibei made in Hainan has great
variety, the cloth has great width, often dyed into brilliant
colors, stitching up two pieces make a bedspread, stitching four
pieces make a curtain Hemp was also widely planted and made into
linen. Independent mulberry farms flourished in the
Mount Dongting region in Suzhou.
mulberry farmers did not make a living on farmland, but instead
they grew mulberry trees and bred silkworm
to harvest silk.
first appeared in China during
the Warring States Period
During the Song Dynasty, Lake Tai valley was famous for the
sugarcanes cultivated. Song writer Wang
described in great detail the method of cultivating
sugarcane and how to make cane sugar flour from sugarcane in his
monography "Classic of Sugar" in 1154, the first book about sugar
technology in China.
plantation in the Song Dynasty was three
times the size that it was during the Tang Dynasty. According to a
survey in 1162, tea plantations were spread across 66 prefectures
in 244 counties. The Beiyuan Plantation (North Park Plantation) was
an imperial tea plantation in Fujian prefacture. It produced more
than forty varieties of tribute tea for the imperial court. Only
the very tip of tender tea leaves were picked, processed and
pressed into tea cakes, embossed with dragon pattern, known as
"dragon tea cakes".
With the growth of cities, high value vegetable farms sprung up in
the suburbs. In southern China, on average one mu
farm land supported one man, while in the north about three
for one man, while one mu
of vegetable farm
supported three men.
Flower nurseries also flourished. Peony
the favourite of the rich and powerful. Up to ninety varieties of
peony were cultivated. Jasmine and crabapple from Persia were also
Organization, investment, and trade
During the Song Dynasty, the merchant class became more
sophisticated, well-respected and organized than in earlier periods
of China. Their accumulated wealth often rivaled that of the
administered the affairs of government. For their organizational
skills, Ebrey, Walthall, and Palais state that Song Dynasty
...set up partnerships and joint stock companies, with a separation
of owners (shareholders) and
In the large cities, merchants were organized into
guilds according to the type of product sold;
they periodically set prices and arranged sales from wholesalers to
When the government requisitioned goods or assessed
taxes, it dealt with the guild heads.
Although large government run industries and large privately-owned
dominated the market system of
urban China during the Song period, there was a plethora of small
private businesses and entrepreneurs
throughout the large suburbs and rural areas that thrived off the
economic boom of the period. There was even a large black market
in China during the Song period,
which was actually enhanced once the Jurchens
conquered northern China and established
the Jin Dynasty
example, around 1160 AD there was an annual black market smuggling
of some 70 to 80 thousand cattle
. There were
multitudes of successful small kilns
shops owned by local families, along
with oil presses, wine
-making shops, small
local paper-making businesses, etc. There was also room for small
economic success with the "inn
keeper, the petty
diviner, the drug seller, the cloth trader," and many others.
Rural families that sold a large agricultural surplus to the market
not only could afford to buy more charcoal, tea, oil, and wine, but
they could also amass enough funds to establish secondary means of
production for generating more wealth. Besides necessary
agricultural foodstuffs, farming families could often produce wine,
charcoal, paper, textiles, and other goods they sold through
brokers. Farmers in Suzhou often
specialized in raising bombyx
mori to produce silk wares, while in
Fujian, Sichuan, and
Guangdong farmers often grew sugarcane.
In order to ensure the
prosperity of rural areas, technical applications for public works
projects and improved agricultural techniques were essential. The
system of China had to be
furnished with multitudes of wheelwrights
and square-pallet chain pumps
that could lift water from lower
planes to higher irrigation planes.
For clothing, silken robes
worn by the wealthy and elite while hemp
was worn by the poor; by the late Song
clothes were also in use.
Shipment of all these materials and goods was aided by the 10th
century innovation of the canal pound
in China; the Song scientist and statesman Shen Kuo
(1031–1095) wrote that the building of
pound lock gates at Zhenzhou (presumably Kuozhou along the Yangtze)
during the 1020s and 1030s freed up the use of five hundred working
laborers at the canal each year, amounting to the saving of up to
1,250,000 strings of cash
annually. He wrote that the old method of hauling boats over
limited the size of the cargo to 300 tan of rice per vessel
(roughly 21 tons/21337 kg), but after the pound locks were
introduced, boats carrying 400 tan (roughly 28 tons/28449 kg)
could then be used. Shen wrote that by his time (c. 1080)
government boats could carry cargo weights of up to 700 tan (49½
tons/50294 kg), while private boats could hold as much as 800 bags,
each weighing 2 tan (i.e. a total of 113 tons/114813 kg).
Sea trade abroad to the South East
, the Hindu world
, and the East African
world brought merchants great
fortune. Although the massive amount of indigenous
trade along the Grand Canal,
River, its tributaries and lakes, and other canal systems
trumped the commercial gains of overseas trade, there were still
many large seaports during the Song period
that bolstered the economy, such as Quanzhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, and Xiamen.
These seaports, now heavily connected to the hinterland via canal,
lake, and river traffic, acted as a long string of large market
centers for the sale of cash crops produced in the interior. The
high demand in China for foreign luxury goods and spices
coming from the East
facilitated the growth of Chinese maritime trade abroad
during the Song period. Along with the mining
industry, the shipbuilding industry of
Fujian province during the Song period increased its
production exponentially as maritime trade was given more
importance and as the province's population growth began to
increase dramatically. The Song capital at Hangzhou had a large canal that connected its waterways
directly to the seaport at Mingzhou (modern Ningbo), the center
where many of the foreign imported goods were shipped out to the
rest of the country.
Despite the installation of fire stations
and a large fire fighting
force, fires continued to
threaten the city of Hangzhou and the various businesses within it.
In safeguarding stored supplies and providing rented space for
merchants and shopkeepers to keep their surplus goods safe from
city fires, the rich families of Hangzhou, palace eunuchs, and
empresses had large warehouses
the northeast walls; these warehouses were surrounded by channels
of water on all sides and were heavily guarded by hired night
watchmen. Shipbuilders generated means of employment for many
skilled craftsmen, while sailors for ship crews found many
opportunities of employment as more families had enough capital to
purchase boats and invest in commercial trading abroad. Foreigners
and merchants from abroad had an impact on the economy from within
China as well. For example, many Muslims
went to Song China not only to trade, but dominated the import and
export industry and in some cases became officials of economic
regulations. For Chinese maritime merchants, however,
there was risk involved in such long overseas ventures to foreign
trade posts and seaports as far away as
In order to reduce the risk of losing money
instead of gaining it on maritime trade missions abroad:
[Song era] investors usually divided their investment
among many ships, and each ship had many investors behind
One observer thought eagerness to invest in overseas
trade was leading to an outflow of copper cash.
He wrote, "People along the coast are on intimate terms
with the merchants who engage in overseas trade, either because
they are fellow-countrymen or personal acquaintances...[They give
the merchants] money to take with them on their ships for purchase
and return conveyance of foreign goods.
They invest from ten to a hundred strings of cash, and
regularly make profits of several hundred percent."
Wealthy landholders were still typically those who were able to
educate their sons to the highest degree. Hence small groups of
prominent families in any given local county would gain national
spotlight for having sons travel far off to be educated and
appointed as ministers of the state. Yet downward social mobility
was always an issue with the matter of divided inheritance.
Suggesting ways to increase a family's property, Yuan Cai
(1140–1190) wrote in the late 12th century
that those who obtained office with decent salaries shouldn't
convert it to gold and silver, but instead could watch their values
grow with investment:
For instance, if he had 100,000 strings worth of gold
and silver and used this money to buy productive property, in a
year he would gain 10,000 strings; after ten years or so, he would
have regained the 100,000 strings and what would be divided among
the family would be interest.
If it were invested in a pawn
broking business, in three years the interest would equal the
He would still have the 100,000 strings, and the rest,
being interest, could be divided.
Moreover, it could be doubled again in another three
years, ad infinitum.
(1031–1095), a minister of
finance, was of the same opinion; in his understanding of the
velocity of circulation, he stated in 1077:
The utility of money derives from circulation and
loan-making. A village of ten households may have 100,000 coins. If
the cash is stored in the household of one individual, even after a
century, the sum remains 100,000. If the coins are circulated
through business transactions so that every individual of the ten
households can enjoy the utility of the 100,000 coins, then the
utility will amount to that of 1,000,000 cash. If circulation
continues without stop, the utility of the cash will be beyond
The author Zhu Yu
wrote in his
(萍洲可談; Pingzhou Table Talks) of 1119 AD
about the organization, maritime practices, and government
standards of seagoing vessels, their merchants, and sailing crews.
His book stated:
According to government regulations concerning seagoing
ships, the larger ones can carry several hundred men, and the
smaller ones may have more than a hundred men on
One of the most important merchants is chosen to be
Leader (Gang Shou), another is Deputy Leader (Fu Gang Shou), and a
third is Business Manager (Za Shi).
The Superintendent of Merchant Shipping gives them an
unofficially sealed red certificate permitting them to use the
light bamboo for punishing their company when
Should anyone die at sea, his property becomes forfeit
to the government...The ship's pilots are acquainted with the
configuration of the coasts; at night they steer by the stars, and
in the day-time by the sun.
In dark weather they look at the south-pointing needle
(i.e. the magnetic compass).
They also use a line a hundred feet long with a hook at
the end which they let down to take samples of mud from the
sea-bottom; by its (appearance and) smell they can determine their
Foreign travelers to China often made remarks on the economic
strength of the country. The later Muslim Moroccan Berber traveler
Ibn Batutta (1304–1377) wrote about many
of his travel experiences in places across the Eurasian world,
including China at the farthest eastern extremity.
describing lavish Chinese ships holding palatial cabins and
saloons, along with the life of Chinese ship crews and captains,
Among the inhabitants of China there are those who own
numerous ships, on which they send their agents to foreign
For nowhere in the world are there to be found people
richer than the Chinese.
Steel and iron industries
Accompanying the widespread printing of paper money was the
beginnings of what one might term an early Chinese industrial revolution
. For example the
historian Robert Hartwell
estimated that per capita iron
sixfold between 806 and 1078, such that, by 1078 China was
producing 127000000 kg (125,000 t) in weight of iron per
year. However, historian Donald Wagner
questions Hartwell's method used to estimate these figures (i.e. by
using Song tax and quota receipts).
In the smelting process of using huge bellows
driven by waterwheels
, massive amounts of charcoal
were used in the production process,
leading to a wide range of deforestation
in northern China. However, by
the end of the 11th century the Chinese discovered that using
could replace the role
of charcoal, hence many acres of forested land in northern China
were spared from the steel
and iron industry
with this switch of resources. Iron and steel of this period were
used to mass produce ploughs
needles, pins, nails for ships, musical cymbals
, chains for suspension bridges
, Buddhist statues, and
other routine items for an indigenous mass market. Iron was also a
necessary manufacturing component for the production processes of
salt and copper. Many newly constructed canals
linked the major iron and steel production centers to the capital
city's main market. This was also extended to trade with the
outside world, which greatly expanded with the high level of
Chinese maritime activity abroad during the Southern Song
Through many written petitions
central government by regional administrators of the Song Empire,
historical scholars can piece evidence together to appropriate the
size and scope of the Chinese iron
during the Song era. The famed magistrate Bao Qingtian (999–1062) wrote of the iron
industry at Hancheng, Tongzhou Prefecture, along the Yellow River in what is today eastern Shaanxi province, with iron smelting households that were
overseen by government regulators.
He wrote that 700 such
households were acting as iron smelters, with 200 having the most
adequate amount of government support, such as charcoal supplies
and skilled craftsmen (the iron households hired local unskilled
labor themselves). Bao's complaint to the throne was that
government laws against private smelting in Shaanxi hindered
profits of the industry, so the government finally heeded his plea
and lifted the ban on private smelting for Shaanxi in 1055. The
result of this was an increase in profit (with lower prices for
iron) as well as production; 100,000 jin
) of iron was produced annually in Shaanxi in
the 1040s AD, increasing to 600,000 jin
produced annually by the 1110s, furbished by the revival of the
industry in 1112. Although the
iron smelters of Shaanxi were managed and supplied by the
government, there were many independent smelters operated and owned
by rich families. While acting as governor of Xuzhou in 1078, the
famous Song poet and statesman Su Shi
(1037–1101) wrote that in the Liguo Industrial Prefecture under his
administered region, there were 36 iron smelters run by different
local families, each employing a work force of several hundred
people to mine ore, produce their own charcoal, and smelt
During the Song period, there was a great deal of organized labor
and bureaucracy involved in the extraction of resources from the
various provinces in China. The production of sulfur
, which the Chinese called 'vitriol liquid',
was extracted from pyrite
and used for
purposes as well as
for the creation of gunpowder
. This was
done by roasting iron pyrites, converting the sulphide
, as the ore
was piled up with coal briquettes in an earthenware furnace with a
type of still-head to send the sulphur over as vapour, after which
it would solidify and crystallize
historical text of the Song Shi (History of the Song,
compiled in 1345 AD) stated that the major producer of sulfur in
the Tang and Song dynasties was the Jin Zhou sub-provincial
administrative region (modern Linfen in southern
bureaucrats appointed to the region managed the industrial
processing and sale of it, and the amount created and distributed
from the years 996 to 997 alone was 405,000 jin (roughly 200 tons).
It was recorded that in 1076 AD the Song Dynasty government held a
strict commercial monopoly on sulfur production, and if dye
houses and government workshops sold their products
to private dealers in the black market
they were subject to meted penalties by government authorities.
before this point, in 1067 AD, the Song government had issued an
edict that the people living in Shanxi and Hebei were
forbidden to sell foreigners any products containing saltpetre and sulfur.
This act by the Song
government displayed their fears of the grave potential of
gunpowder weapons being developed by Song China's territorial
enemies as well (i.e. the Tanguts
Zhou was in close proximity to the Song capital at Kaifeng, the latter became the largest producer of
gunpowder during the Northern Song period.
sulfur from pyrite instead of natural sulfur (along with ehanced
), the Chinese
were able to shift the use of gunpowder from an incendiary
use into an explosive one for early
. There were large manufacturing
plants in the Song Dynasty for the purpose of making 'fire-weapons'
employing the use of gunpowder, such as fire
and fire arrows
. While engaged in a
war with the Mongols, in the year 1259 the
official Li Zengbo wrote in his Ko Zhai Za Gao, Xu Gao Hou
that the city of Qingzhou was manufacturing one to two thousand strong
iron-cased bomb shells a month, dispatching to Xiangyang and Yingzhou about ten to twenty
thousand such bombs at a time.
One of the main armories
for the storage of gunpowder and weapons
was located at Weiyang
, which accidentally
caught fire and produced a massive explosion in 1280 AD.
This arrangement of allowing competitive industry to flourish in
some regions while setting up its opposite of strict
government-regulated and monopolized
production and trade in others was not exclusive to iron
manufacturing. In the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the
government supported competitive silk mill and brocade workshops in the eastern provinces and in the
capital city of Kaifeng. However, at the same time the government
established strict legal prohibition on
the merchant trade of privately produced silk in Sichuan
This prohibition dealt an economic blow to Sichuan
that caused a small rebellion (which was subdued), yet in the Song
Dynasty Sichuan was well-known for its independent industries
and cultivated oranges
. The reforms of the Chancellor Wang
(1021–1086) sparked heated debate amongst ministers of
court when he nationalized
industries manufacturing, processing, and distributing tea
, and wine
. The state monopoly on Sichuan tea was the
prime source of revenue for the state's purchase of horses in
Qinghai for the Song army's cavalry forces.
restrictions on the private manufacture and trade of salt were even
criticized in a famous poem by Su Shi
while the opposing politically-charged faction at court gained
advantage and lost favor, Wang Anshi's reforms were continually
abandoned and reinstated. Despite this political quarrel, the Song
Empire's main source of revenue continued to come from
state-managed monopolies and indirect
. As for private entrepreneurship, great profits could
still be pursued by the merchants in the luxury item trades and
specialized regional production. For example, the silk producers of
Raoyang County, Shenzhou Prefecture, southern Hebei province
were especially known for producing silken headwear for the Song
emperor and high court officials in the capital.
Copper resources and receipts of deposit
The root of the development of the banknote
goes back to the earlier Tang Dynasty
(618–907), when the government outlawed the use of bolts of
as currency, which increased the use of
coinage as money. By the year 1085 the
output of copper currency
was driven to a
rate of 6 billion coins a year up from 5.86 billion in 1080
(compared to just 327 million coins minted annually in the Tang Dynasty
's prosperous Tianbao period
of 742–755, and only 220 million coins minted
annually from 118 BC to 5 AD
during the Han Dynasty
). The expansion of the economy was
unprecedented in China: the output of coinage currency in the
earlier year of 997 AD, which was only 800 million coins a year. In
the year 1120 alone, the Song government collected 18,000,000
ounces of silver in taxes.
With many 9th century Tang era merchants avoiding the weight and
bulk of so many copper coins in each transaction, this led them to
using trading receipts
from deposit shops
where goods or money were left previously. Merchants would deposit
copper currency into the stores of wealthy families and prominent
, whereupon they would receive
receipts that could be cashed in a number of nearby towns by
accredited persons. Since the 10th century, the early Song
government began issuing their own receipts of deposit, yet this
was restricted mainly to their monopolized salt industry and trade.
first official regional paper-printed money can be traced back to
the year 1024, in Sichuan
Robert Temple says that the Sichuan bills can be
traced back to 1023; before that year, sixteen private businesses
' issued notes of exchange, but in
that year the Song government took over this enterprise under an
Although the output of copper currency had expanded immensely by
1085, some fifty copper mines were shut down between the years 1078
and 1085.Ch'en, 615. Although there were on average more copper
mines found in Northern Song China than in the previous Tang
Dynasty, this case was reversed during the Southern Song with a
sharp decline and depletion of mined copper deposits by 1165.Ch'en,
615–616. Even though copper cash was abundant in the late 11th
century, Chancellor Wang Anshi's tax substitution for corvée
labor and government takeover of
agricultural finance loans meant that people now had to find
additional cash, driving up the price of copper money which would
become scarce.Ch'en, 619. To make matters worse, large amounts of
government-issued copper currency exited the country via
international trade, while the Liao
and Western Xia
pursued the exchange of their iron-minted coins for Song copper
coins.Ch'en, 621. As evidenced by an 1103 decree, the Song
government became cautious about its outflow of iron currency into
the Liao Empire when it ordered that the iron was to be alloyed
with tin in the smelting process, thus depriving the Liao of a
chance to melt down the currency to make iron weapons.
government attempted to prohibit the use of copper currency in
border regions and in seaports, but the Song-issued copper coin
became common in the Liao, Western Xia, Japanese, and Southeast Asian
The Song government would turn to other types of
material for its currency in order to ease the demand on the
government mint, including the issuing of iron coinage and paper
banknotes.Ch'en, 620. In the year 976, the percentage of issued
currency using copper coinage was 65%; after 1135, this had dropped
significantly to 54%, a government attempt to debase the copper
The world's first paper money
The central government soon observed the economic advantages of
printing paper money, issuing a monopoly
right of several of the deposit shops to the issuance of these
certificates of deposit. By the early 12th century, the amount of
banknotes issued in a single year amounted to an annual rate of 26
million strings of cash coins. By the 1120s the central government
officially stepped in and produced their own state-issued paper
money (using woodblock printing
Even before this point, the Song government was amassing large
amounts of paper tribute
. It was recorded that
each year before 1101 AD, the prefecture of Xinan (modern Xi-xian, Anhui) alone would
send 1,500,000 sheets of paper in seven different varieties to the
capital at Kaifeng.
In that year of 1101, the Emperor Huizong of Song
lessen the amount of paper taken in the tribute quota, because it
was causing detrimental effects and creating heavy burdens on the
people of the region. However, the government still needed masses
of paper product for the exchange certificates and the state's new
issuing of paper money. For the printing of paper money alone, the
Song court established several government-run factories in the cities of Huizhou, Chengdu, Hangzhou, and Anqi.
The size of
the workforce employed in these paper money factories were quite
large, as it was recorded in 1175 AD that the factory at Hangzhou
alone employed more than a thousand workers a day. However, the
government issues of paper money were not yet nationwide standards
of currency at that point; issues of banknotes were limited to
regional zones of the empire, and were valid for use only in a
designated and temporary limit of 3-year's time. The geographic
limitation changed between the years 1265 and 1274, when the late
Southern Song government finally produced a nationwide standard
currency of paper money, once its widespread circulation was backed
by gold or silver. The range of varying values for these banknotes
was perhaps from one string of cash to one hundred at the most.
Ever since 1107, the government printed money in no less than six
ink colors and printed notes with intricate designs and sometimes
even with mixture of unique fiber in the paper to avoid counterfeiting
subsequent Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties
would issue their own paper money as well.
Even the Southern
Song's contemporary of the Jin
to the north caught on to this trend and issued their
own paper money. At the archeological
there was a printing plate found that
dated to the year 1214, which produced notes that measured 10 cm by
19 cm in size and were worth a hundred strings of 80 cash coins.
-Jin issued paper money bore a
, the number of the
series, and a warning label that counterfeiters would be
decapitated, and the denouncer rewarded with three hundred strings
Urban employment and businesses
Within the cities there were a multitude of professions and places
of work to choose from, if one weren't strictly inheriting a
profession of his paternal line. Sinologist historians are
fortunate enough to have a wide variety of written sources
describing minute details about each location and the businesses
within the cities of Song China. For example, in the alleys and
avenues around the East Gate of the Xiangguo Temple in Kaifeng,
historian Stephen H. West quotes one source:
Along the Temple Eastgate Avenue...are to be found
shops specializing in cloth caps with pointed tails, belts and
waiststraps, books, caps and flowers as well as the vegetarian tea
meal of the Ding family...South of the temple are the brothels of
Manager's Alley...The nuns and the brocade workers live in
Embroidery Alley...On the north is Small Sweetwater Alley...There
are a particularly large number of Southern restaurants inside the
alley, as well as a plethora of brothels.
Similarly, in the "Pleasure District" along the Horse Guild Avenue,
near a Zoroastrian temple
West quotes the same source, Dongjing meng Hua lu
In addition to the household gates and shops that line
the two sides of New Fengqiu Gate Street...military encampments of
the various brigades and columns [of the Imperial Guard] are
situated in facing pairs along approximately ten li of the
approach to the gate. Other wards, alleys, and confined open spaces
crisscross the area, numbering in the tens of thousands—none knows
their real number. In every single place, the gates are squeezed up
against each other, each with its own tea wards, wineshops, stages,
and food and drink. Normally the small business households of the
marketplace simply purchase [prepared] food and drink at food
stores; they do not cook at home. For northern food there are the
Shi Feng style dried meat cubes...made of various stewed
items...for southern food, the House of Jin at Temple Bridge...and
the House of Zhou at Ninebends...are acknowledged to be the finest.
The night markets close after the third watch only to reopen at the
West points out that Kaifeng shopkeepers rarely had time to eat at
home, so they chose to go out and eat at a variety of places such
as restaurants, temples, and food stalls. Restaurant
on this new clientele, while restaurants
that catered to regional cooking targeted customers such as
merchants and officials who came from regions of China where
cuisine styles and flavors were drastically different than those
commonly served in the capital. The pleasure district mentioned
above—where stunts, games, theatrical stage performances, taverns
and singing girl houses were located—was teeming with food stalls
where business could be had virtually all night. West makes a
direct connection between the success of the theatre industry and
the food industry in the cities. Of the fifty some theatres within
the pleasure districts of Kaifeng, four of these could entertain
audiences of several thousand each, drawing huge crowds which would
then give nearby businesses an enormous potential customer base.
Besides food, traders in eagles and hawks, precious paintings
well as shops selling bolts of silk and cloth, jewelry of pearls,
horn, gold and silver, hair
ornaments, combs, caps, scarves, and aromatic incense thrived in
The Song Dynasty actively promoted overseas trade. About fifty countries
carried out overseas trade with the Song Dynasty, among them
Ceylon, Langkasuka, Mait, Samboja, Borneo, Kelantan, Champa, Chenla, Bengtrao, Java, India, Calicut, Lambri, Bengal, Kurum, Gujara, Mecca, Misr, Bagdad, Iraq, Aman, Almoravid
dynasty, Sicily, Morroco,Tanzania, Somalia, Ryukyu, Korea, and
Pearls, ivory, rhinocero horns,
frankincense, agalloch eaglewood, coral, agate, hawksbill turtle
shell, gardenia, and rose were imported from the Arabs and Samboja,
herbal medicine from Java, costusroot from Foloan (Kuala Sungai
Berang) cotton cloth, cotton yarn from Mait, and ginseng, silver,
copper, and quick silver from Korea.
promote overseas trade and maximize government profits in control
of imported goods, in 971 the government established a Maritine Trade Supervisorate at
Guangzhou, in 999 established a second one at Hangzhou, a third at Mingzhou (now Ningbo city),
followed by Quanzhou (Zaitung) in 1079, Huating County (now part of
Shanghai) in 1113, and Jiangyin in 1145.
Initially the Maritime Trade
Supervisorate was subordinate under the Department of
Transportation or prefecture official, later made into a separate
agency with its own supervisor. The roles of the Maritime Trade
- Taxation of imported goods, tax rate varied over the Song
Dynasty, from 10% to as high as 40%; however, during the reign of
Emperor Shenzong (1048 – 1085), the tax rate for imports was
lowered to 6.67%. The tax was goods in kind, not money.
- Government purchase and sale of imported goods. In 976, all
imported goods from overseas merchants had to be sold only to the
government, private sales was prohibited, penalty for violation
depended on the quantity of goods involved, and the highest penalty
was tattooing of the face and forced labor. Later the 100% rule was
relaxed somewhat. The Maritime Trade Superisorate purchased a
portion of the finest quality goods, for example 60% for pearls,
40% for rhinocero horn; the low quality leftover goods were allowed
to be traded in the market. The purchase rate applied to after tax
goods, then paid in money, not according to market price, but
according to a government-accessed "fare value". In the Southern
Song Dynasty, the Maritime Trade Supervisorates were short of funds
and were not paid on time, causing huge losses in profits for
overseas merchants; the volume of incoming ships also dropped.
- Issue foreign trade permits for local merchants.
- Ebrey, 156.
- Ebrey, 167.
- Qi Xia, Economy of the Song Dynasty, Part I, Chapter
1, page 65 ISBN 7-80127-462-8/F
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- Yunming, Zhang (1986). Isis: The History of Science
Society: Ancient Chinese Sulfur Manufacturing Processes.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Zhou Qufei, (1178) Ling Wai Dai Da(Report from Lingnan), Zhong Hua Book Co ISBN7-101-01665-0/K | <urn:uuid:e2986220-9e9a-4d11-a5d2-70e791695a52> | 2013-05-24T01:50:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Iran, one of the largest producers of oil in the world, has shortages of gasoline and has just introduced a rationing scheme causing riots in the streets.
Need I explain why the shortage exists?
Under the rationing plan, owners of private cars can buy 26 gallons of
fuel per month at the subsidized price of 38 cents per gallon.
and this tidbit is interesting.
Conservatives in Iran’s parliament, especially those aligned with
the country’s national oil company, have long pushed for higher
gasoline prices to curtail demand and free up government funds for
investment in more oil and gas production.
Ahmadinejad had resisted allowing increases because of his campaign promises to share Iran’s oil wealth with the nation’s poor. | <urn:uuid:b59ec4a8-e365-4aa3-a6ab-7cb0125b1c0e> | 2013-05-24T01:30:52Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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19 year old Sohrab Arabi is another youth killed by the regime. He disappeared after joining the June 15 protests in
Some reports say Sohrab died in prison under torture. Others say he was shot dead by the Baseej in the intersection of Azadi and Jenah Streets during the protests.
His older brother went to collect his body Saturday and was shown 50-60 photos from which he identified Sohrab’s body. Sohrab’s body had bullet wounds to his chest and head.
Sohrab was in 12th grade and preparing for the university entrance exam.
His memorial ceremony will be held tomorrow. | <urn:uuid:afbd2379-b456-4edd-a8d8-d28a60b49e60> | 2013-05-24T01:43:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A new study released on Thursday finds teachers are concerned that the amount and types of electronic media that children interact with at home may be harming their performance in the classroom.
Common Sense Media, a think tank focused on children's media use, polled 685 public and private elementary and high school classroom teachers on how children's increasing use of television, video games, texting, social networking, music and other forms of media is affecting their performance in school.
The study found that 71% of teachers polled said students' media use hurts their attention spans in school, while 59% said students' use of entertainment media has also harmed their ability to communicate face to face. A slightly smaller amount, 58%, said they believe it's had a negative impact on their writing skills, according to the study conducted by Knowledge Networks May 5-17.
Nearly half of the teachers surveyed also said their students' use of media at home is hurting the quality of their homework. "Many teachers think students spend so much time with media that they neglect their homework and aren't prepared in class," according to the report, which noted that children between the ages of 8 and 18 spend more than seven-and-a-half hours a day using media for fun.
Elementary school teachers pointed to video games, television, and computer games as causing the most problems for their students, while teachers said middle and high school students are more negatively impacted by texting and social networking. Two-thirds of teachers also said they believe that entertainment media has a "very" or "somewhat" negative impact on students' sexualization.
Still, teachers did point to some benefits from students' increased use of entertainment media at home with 63% saying it has helped students find information more quickly and efficiently, while a minority, 34%, said they believe it has improved students' ability to multitask.
"We know that our children learn from the media they consume. This survey is yet another reminder of how critical it is to consistently guide our kids to make good media choices and balance the amount of time they spend with any media and all of their other activities," Common Sense Media founder and CEO James Steyer said in a statement.
Image courtesy of Flickr, woodleywonderworks
- Congress Demands to Know if Google Glass Will Violate Your Privacy
- How to Get Google Fiber—Without Google
- A Staggering Share of Americans Would Use Google Glass if They Could
- What the AP Subpoena Scandal Means for Your Electronic Privacy
This article originally published at National Journal here | <urn:uuid:7c84ae4e-20f5-4dd1-a0d8-e92975fc0c9c> | 2013-05-24T01:52:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This is just a funny question that I was elaborating... I know one way to solve (or maybe it's wrong...), but I want know if there is another way to solve this (when we keep adding conditions, there is an possibility of letting the exercise trivial and don't see this, I think...)
The month and day of my birthday are perfect squares and its product is an power of an prime, with positive exponent. Denote by $x$ the square root of the month and $y$ the square root of the day. Then
- If you know the value of the product $xy$, you can certainly deduce the sum $x+y$.
- Knowing the sum $x+y$, even knowing that condition 1 holds, doesn't exists the possibility of deduce the product $xy$.
The sum $x+y$ is relatively prime with the product of the month by the day.
(This isn't my real birthday,
but I accept gifts =p)
Thanks in advance!
And excuse my English... | <urn:uuid:cff62824-d957-4e74-bd05-505a72ced170> | 2013-05-24T02:05:22Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Let us say $x$ varies over the reals and I have a matrix $T$ which is a function of $x$. (The entries of $T$ depend on $x$)
Then I can enter such a matrix to some software and ask it to calculate the rank and the size of its kernel. The software promptly gives me back some integers as answers.
It seems that for $x=0$ I get a certain value of the rank and kernel dimension and for all other non-zero values of $x$ I get a different fixed set of numbers.
Is the above a generic case. Won't in general the kernel size and the rank depend non-trivially on the parameter?
If this behaviour (i.e a certain answer for $x=0$ and another answer for all other values of $x \neq 0$) is the generic behaviour then how does one prove such a thing?
It seems that the computer software (Mathematica) that I have been using gives the answer for $x \neq 0$ when I ask it to do the calculation for general $x$ and I need to check the $x=0$ case separately.
Is something like this known or can be known that the rank and kernel dimension of a parametrized matrix will vary smoothly with the parameter? (..obviously since the rank and kernel dimension are integers the only way they can depend nicely on the parameter is by being constant!..)
I would like to know if there are other caveats in general about doing such a calculation. | <urn:uuid:3ba13957-5465-4afb-906e-58f397b2adcf> | 2013-05-24T01:44:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Visualizing 1 + 1/x
Date: 10/10/2003 at 21:25:38 From: Mary Subject: logic How can I show that the sum of a positive number and its reciprocal is at least two?
Date: 10/11/2003 at 06:06:27 From: Doctor Luis Subject: Re: logic Hi Mary, Adding a positive number x > 0 and its reciprocal 1/x gives you the function f(x) = x + 1/x If you're familiar with calculus, you can see that solving for the extrema points gives you f'(x) = 1 - 1/x^2 = 0 1 = 1/x^2 x^2 = 1 x = 1 (reject negative root since x > 0) Since f"(x) = 2/x^3 is positive for x>0, we know that f(x) is concave upward. This means that the critical point x=1 gives you a minimum. This minimum value is f(1) = 1 + 1/1 = 2. In the following diagram, I've graphed the two functions y = x + 1/x and y = 2. Even if you are not familiar with calculus maybe you can follow the following chain of reasoning: The square of any nonzero real number is positive. As an inspired guess, pick x-1 as the real number to be squared. Then, (x-1)^2 >= 0 (True for all x. Equality holds only for x=1.) x^2 - 2x + 1 >= 0 x^2 + 1 >= 2x Now, let x > 0, since we are only interested in positive numbers. This means that 1/x > 0 too. So, we can multiply by 1/x without reversing the sign of our inequality: (1/x)*(x^2 + 1) >= (1/x)*(2x) x + 1/x >= 2 This proves that the sum of x > 0 and its reciprocal 1/x adds up to at least 2. I hope this helped! Let us know if you have any more questions. - Doctor Luis, The Math Forum http://mathforum.org/dr.math/
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© 1994-2013 The Math Forum | <urn:uuid:46a4f20a-ca55-4a81-bcfd-57c978a4eebf> | 2013-05-24T01:29:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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