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Sure it can feed 5,000, but a Fritos Chili Pie that was cooked up in Texas this week did more than just kick up some snack cravings. It also managed to set a Guinness World Record weighing in at 1,325 pounds.
According to a news release, the mega-sized pie effort was in celebration of Fritos corn chips' 80th anniversary, which was marked during the opening weekend of the State Fair of Texas in Plano.
The record-setting snack sensation was made up of 635 bags of Fritos chips, 660 cans of Hormel Chili and 580 bags of shredded cheddar cheese.
When the Guinness title was set, an official adjudicator verified the accomplishment and announced the record.
The tasty mixture was then distributed to fairgoers who were eager to see if the Texas-sized treat lived up to Lone Star standards.
The company states on its website that Fritos were born in 1932 when Elmer Doolin purchased a corn chips recipe from a Texas businessman and began making the first Fritos chips right from his mother's kitchen with a converted potato ricer.
Doolin's mother, Daisy Dean Doolin, is credited with creating recipes to help her son market Fritos corn chips by using them as an ingredient in a wide range of dishes -- including her now-famous Fritos Chili Pie. | <urn:uuid:288fbcbe-fd1e-4d91-b8d6-de7ac5745a0c> | 2013-05-24T02:00:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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It turned out gorgeous! The color striping and the texture make this look like a strip of tightly woven carpet. I don't mean that in a bad way. I just mean that it looks like something you would find in a commercially manufactured item. In other words, very professionally done! | <urn:uuid:ad66d50e-1850-43a4-8cce-5ecc91377273> | 2013-05-24T02:07:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I got this question emailed to me, and I thought maybe one of y'all would know. Perhaps any article that mentions KH would be just the thing? I'm curious to read such an article myself! I'll tell Kim to watch this thread for suggestions. TIA.
Hope that you can help me. I am currently taking a computer class and need to write a paper from an article about how computers have influenced our lives. I am a knitter and have learned so much about knitting and how to knit from your site. Thank you! I'm wondering if you can tell me if there is an article out there about you and your site and how on line knitting has helped so many. I have done a pretty extensive search and can't find any articles discussing computers/online info and knitting. Do you know of any?? If so, can you give me the source or attach a copy of the article.
Thanks much for your time, | <urn:uuid:24aa5973-41d6-433b-93b7-300af8ac77c5> | 2013-05-24T02:06:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Before I begin my next project I was hoping to find out if there is a way to increase, in pattern, with the horizontal herringbone stitch? (i.e. go from 70 sts to 82 sts, while maintaining the herringbone look)
I'm trying to design a baby blanket that uses two edgings in herringbone, I want to pick up stitches around the blanket and increase at the corners.
The little I was able to find was from another thread on here from 5 years ago, http://www.knittinghelp.com/forum/sh...ad.php?t=93256
, which sums up saying to use the KRL increase. I imagine when I can get around to testing my idea out this will be my source to try and create increases at the corners. But if someone actually knows that this is how it's done or if there is a different way I'd greatly appreciate hearing about it!
OR if someone knows of a way to knit two separate edgings onto one blanket at the same time I wouldn't mind knowing how to do that either! | <urn:uuid:4e20ff66-e839-445d-b4ab-76b65ce9ef0e> | 2013-05-24T01:38:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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How Reflective Listening Can Help You Communicate More Effectively
Reflective listening is a communication style that can be employed to steer a conversation toward being healthy and productive. It originates from the idea of “client-centered therapy,” the favored method of psychologist Carl Rogers.
This technique is a valuable tool in de-escalating arguments and clearing up confusion. When properly employed, reflective listening will enable you to have a conversation free from emotional triggers and regretful words. It can help you to create a situation where a reasonable understanding can be reached.
We’ve all been part of a conversation that has gone off track and strayed in to unfriendly territory. Once emotions start to flair, it seems that the risk of misunderstanding is high. If things continue to escalate without resolution, abusive language – and even violence – can ensue.
How It’s Done
In effect, reflective listening consists of respectfully listening to someone, thoughtfully considering what they are saying, and confirming with them that you understand what they have said. When a conversation turns volatile, this style of communication can be a saving grace. Follow these guidelines when practicing this method.
- Listen closely to what is being said – be present in the moment and allow the person to fully state their case.
- Observe the person’s body language as well as other cues that can clue you in to how they are feeling.
- Empathize – put yourself in the other person’s place as well as you can to try and understand where they are coming from.
- Restate what has been said and ask if your interpretation is accurate. Paraphrase, using your own words, to show that you are not just parroting what they’ve said, but that you understand.
- Focus on the issue at hand. If the conversation starts to divert from the main point of discussion, steer it back right away. Don’t banter or get sidetracked.
- Be specific. Say exactly what you mean.
- Reduce distractions. Reflective listening is optimally effective when the conversation can take place in a calm quiet environment. Minimize the presence of others, especially those who would interfere in your discussion.
- Acknowledge the other person’s feelings and treat them as valid.
- Stay calm and rational at all times.
How Not to Do It
- Don’t use criticism or judgmental statements. Your goal is to solve the problem at hand, not to assess the person’s character or morality.
- Don’t argue or engage in a debate-style conversation. This idea isn’t to find right or wrong, simply to cut through confusion and achieve true understanding.
- Don’t support them or agree with them if they are complaining. This is a way of enabling them to continue dwelling in the problem instead of working to solve it.
- Don’t feel sorry for the person. You want to empathize, not sympathize.
When you effectively use reflective listening, you avoid the usual pitfalls of communication and take control of the situation. By commandeering the conversation in a positive way, you create a safe place where constructive problem solving can happen.
By engaging someone in this way, you will encourage them to communicate openly in the future – you are setting a new mood for the way your interactions with this person will go.
You will become enlightened as to how they people are really feeling because and emotional behavior usually masks the real problem and conversations blow up into arguments or are ended without resolution because neither party wants to truly empathize or understand.
Successfully employing this method will likely get you noticed in a good way at work. Bosses will see you as a valuable leader if you are able to effectively manage disagreements.
Perhaps most rewardingly, people will want to confide in you because they trust that you will use your reflective listening skills to make them feel comfortable and understood. | <urn:uuid:03787cbd-3808-4593-b47d-2124c0bc2cac> | 2013-05-24T02:07:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The verbal battle between Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj might be turning into a war.
On Thursday, as "The View's" Barbara Walters told Carey's side of the "American Idol" argument that took place earlier this week, Nicki Minaj unloaded her side on her Twitter account.
ABC, which airs "The View," reports that Walters interviewed Carey about the dust-up prior to Thursday's show.
Walters said that the singer told her she "doesn't feel comfortable emotionally," and that "multiple people heard" Minaj say, "If I had a gun, I would shoot the b****" after the rapper's outburst at the judges' table. Walters said that Carey plans to continue working with "Idol," and has also hired extra security.
Minaj took to Twitter Thursday to deny that she ever said anything about a gun.
Perhaps referring to a meeting Walters said occurred between Minaj, Carey and the "Idol" producers on Wednesday, Minaj posted, "I thought we resolved it yesterday but I see u want ur pity party to continue. ... I don't call tmz n Barbara Walters cuz I stand on my own two feet. Never needed an army. God is good. Insecurity is as cruel as the grave. .... I guess it hurts 2 have the producers tell u to ur face that nicki is the best judge we've had since simon. Awww, poor u. Keep them lies cmn."
Minaj tweeted that "The View" didn't reach out to her camp for comment, quipping "I guess we're too dangerous," and said that "Ironically no camera or mic heard the gun comment tho ... Not even the producers believed u."
She continued, "Hey yAll. Lets just say nicki said smthn about a gun. ppl will believe it cuz she's a black rapper. Lmao. I'll then hit up Barbara n milk it ... The struggle to be a victim is real in these streets. Lmaooooooooooo," Minaj tweeted. "All I do is compliment u. That's not enuff? Ur a legend, cheer up. U don't have to run down ur resume or feel intimidated. Shady McGrady..."
The argument between Carey and Minaj happened at the "Idol" auditions in Charlotte, North Carolina, on Tuesday, and TMZ obtained video in which Minaj could be heard speaking loudly. Their disagreement was over a contestant, and at one point Minaj reportedly said, "I told them I'm not f****n' putting up with your f*****g highness over there ... Figure it the f*** out."
"Idol" host Ryan Seacrest confirmed that things went "a little far" at the "Idol" auditions, explaining on his radio show Wednesday that the dispute grew so heated producers called it a wrap with a few more contestants left to go. | <urn:uuid:f55795a6-80c4-454e-9ffa-0cb7921ed5ee> | 2013-05-24T01:51:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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North Korea's threat to launch a preemptive nuclear strike against the United States has puzzled American officials, who see the regime ramping up its threats and rhetoric.
It's leading to the belief that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un is more unpredictable, more dangerous and harder to read than his late father, Kim Jong Il.
"The new leader is acting in ways a bit more extreme than his father, who was colder and more calculated," a senior administration official said. "Kim Jong Il was more aware of the off-ramps to end these escalations.
"I don't recall he ever went this far in terms of the pace and scope of the rhetoric. Threatening to launch nukes directly against the United States and South Korea confirms what a lot of people have been saying, which is we are dealing with someone new," the official added.
Comparing Kim Jong Il, who died last December, to a chess player, the official said the son is more like a boxer.
"Nobody knows what he has planned, what he is thinking or contemplating doing or why the North Koreans are tripling down on their rhetoric," the official said.
Another senior administration official said Kim's youth and education abroad offered promise for many North Korea watchers that he would be more willing to engage with the West.
"Unfortunately, he is following the example of his father and grandfather pretty closely," the official said. "It's hard to be optimistic."
His grandfather, Kim Il Sung, was the founding leader of North Korea.
Officials said the latest threats, coupled with North Korea's nuclear test last month and its launch of a long-range rocket into space in December, have the United States and South Korea bracing for the possibility of a violent response by Pyongyang to tougher U.N. sanctions approved on Thursday. | <urn:uuid:17d75fd5-5993-4c5b-973c-5152a876d61d> | 2013-05-24T01:58:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I'd like to add some custom info (like the adress of the view) to the panoramas and export them to the KRPano xml conf file. Is it possible to develop my own plugin for PTP that will enable my users to enter the adress of a view and export it in a $(ADDRESS) variable in a temple for KRPano ?
Actually, i'd like a plugin for Panotour Pro, so that I can embed some extra info in the data.xml file exported for krpano. This could be a new element in the project properties panel, as you can see in the screen shot I've made.
The most wonderfull would be to be able specify some fields that could be added to the exported file : city, way, number, even a specific id for managing lot of panoramas with industrial procedures.
By the way, I've checked and you seem to be a french company. Could we toogle to french ? Ce serait plus facile.. | <urn:uuid:7173025c-92ba-49fa-acd5-efa4f2f47c01> | 2013-05-24T01:37:29Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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NEW YORK (AP) - A musical based on the woman behind such pop standards as "It's Too Late," ''You've Got a Friend" and "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" hopes to make it to Broadway.
Producers on Friday announced plans to take "Beautiful: The Carole King Musical" to the Great White Way by spring 2014. The story is written by Academy Award-nominated filmmaker Douglas McGrath.
King composed dozens of 1960s hits with then-husband Gerry Goffin before emerging as a recording artist in her own right. Her 25 million-selling "Tapestry" launched the singer-songwriter era in 1971 and became the first real blockbuster album.
The musical will chart King's rise, alongside husband and co-writer Gerry Goffin and fellow song writers Barry Mann, and Cynthia Weil, set to the music that made her an icon.
Copyright 2013 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:05ffefd1-f958-42cc-83e3-882bbbb08fa6> | 2013-05-24T01:59:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Questions for relatives I don't see often
Tips for holiday gatherings
By Pam Gaulin, Contributing writer
When family members are relative strangers, starting a conversation may pose a challenge.
It's easy to talk to relatives who you do not see often if you prepare some questions ahead of time and go in with a game plan.
Keep the focus on positive topics and keep the conversations lighthearted and non-controversial, especially at the dinner table. Save more in-depth or personal conversations for more private settings in a living room or when taking an after-meal walk together.
Use questions as invitations to a conversation, but join in the conversation by adding your own experiences and observances.
Brush up on some appropriate workplace jokes and humor at Monster.com. One thing you probably have in common with relatives you don't see often is that you all work.
Ask questions related to the nature of the work that your relatives do. If you are unsure of a relative's current employment situation, try not to ask direct questions about their job.
Be the host or hostess of your own conversation. Talk and behave in a warm manner, with plenty of head nodding and an open ear. Be a gracious host to the conversation by encouraging further conversation at a more in-depth level. Ask related questions that cannot be answered with a "yes" or "no" answer. Offer your own similar experiences to form a connection with the relative you may not see often.
Small Talk: Questions For Kids
Children who are preschoolers or toddlers are an entertaining group. Ask questions about their favorite animals, their favorite foods or their favorite season and holiday.
Try not to ask kids if they like school. Instead, ask kids what is their favorite part of school. Continue the conversation by asking kids if they have any favorite subjects in school.
For tweens and teens, engage them in conversations about the latest video games, books, gadgets and movies.
The Out of Towners
Do a little research about the states or cities where your relatives live. Ask adult relatives about the favorite places in their area, and where they might recommend a visitor go.
It's all Relative: Questions For Parents
Relatives that are parents are easy to talk to at family gatherings. Asking questions about the children's activities in sports or school will start the conversation rolling.
Something to Talk About: Questions For Grandparents
Grandparents, great uncles and great aunts offer a wealth of entertainment and family history when given the chance to share. Ask older relatives about their favorite holiday memories as children, or what they were most grateful for as children.
Family Ties: Questions For Your Peers
You may relate to relatives who are within 10 years of your age by asking them about recent home purchases or sales or improvement projects. Asking about previous or upcoming vacations can also open the conversation to a host of entertaining stories.
Copyright Internet Broadcasting. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:892e5b76-d7e7-4b36-88d7-34a530172b13> | 2013-05-24T01:44:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Click here for an introduction to some basic
concepts and design principles of secret key cryptography.
3-Way is a simple and fast cipher designed by Joan Daemen. 3-Way features
a 96-bit key length and a 96-bit block length. 3-Way is an iterated
block cipher that repeats some relatively simple operations a specified
number of rounds. David Wagner,
John Kelsey, and Bruce
Schneier of Counterpane Systems
have discovered a related key attack on 3-Way that requires one related
key query and about 222 chosen plaintexts, described in this
paper. 3-Way is unpatented.
Blowfish is a block cipher designed by Bruce
Schneier, author of Applied
Cryptography. Blowfish combines a Feistel network, key-dependent
S-Boxes, and a non-invertible F function to create what is perhaps one
of the most secure algorithms available. Schneier's paper is available
is also described in the Concepts of Cryptography
page. The only known attacks against Blowfish are based on its weak
Blowfish is implemented in Kremlin.
CAST, designed by Carlisle Adams and Stafford Taveres, is shaping
up to be a solid algorithm. Its design is very similar to Blowfish's,
with key-dependent S-Boxes, a non-invertible f function, and a Feistel
network-like structure (called a substitution-permutation network).
David Wagner, John Kelsey,
and Bruce Schneier
have discovered a related-key attack on the 64-bit version of CAST that
requires approximately 217 chosen plaintexts, one related
query, and 248 offline computations (described in this
paper). The attack is infeasible at best. CAST is patented by Entrust
Technologies, which has generously released
it for free use. The CAST cipher design process is described in
this paper and the
128-bit version is described in this
addendum. Carlisle Adams has submitted a version of CAST (CAST-256)
as an AES candidate.
CAST-128 is implemented in Kremlin.
CMEA is the encryption algorithm developed by the Telecommunications
Industry Association to encrypt digital cellular phone data. It uses
a 64-bit key and features a variable block length. CMEA is used to encrypt
the control channel of cellular phones. It is distinct from ORYX, an
also insecure stream cipher that is used to encrypt data transmitted
over digital cellular phones. It has been broken by David
Wagner, John Kelsey, and Bruce
Schneier of Counterpane Systems.
Their paper, which also provides an excellent description of the CMEA
algorithm, is available here.
Designed at IBM during the 1970s and officially adopted as the NIST
standard encryption algorithm for unclassified data in 1976, DES has
become the bastion of the cryptography market. However, DES has since
become outdated, its long reign as official NIST algorithm ending in
1997. Though DES accepts a 64-bit key, the key setup routines effectively
discard 8 bits, giving DES a 56-bit effective keylength. DES remains
widely in use. During the design of DES, the NSA
provided secret S-Boxes. After differential cryptanalysis had been discovered
outside the closed fortress of the NSA, it was revealed that the DES
S-boxes were designed to be resistant against differential cryptanalysis.
DES is becoming weaker and weaker over time; modern computing power
is fast approaching the computational horsepower needed to easily crack
DES was designed to be implemented only in hardware, and is therefore
extremely slow in software. A recent
successful effort to crack DES took several thousand computers several
months. The EFF has sponsored the development
of a crypto chip named "Deep Crack" that can process 88 billion
DES keys per second and has
successfully cracked 56 bit DES in less than 3 days.
DES is implemented in Kremlin (accessible
through Kremlin SDK API).
A variant of DES, Triple-DES
(also 3DES) is based on using DES three times. This means that the input
data is encrypted three times. The Triple-DES is considered much stronger
than DES, however, it is rather slow compared to some new block ciphers.
DEAL is an interesting AES submission and, like all AES submissions,
it uses a 128 bit block and accepts 128 bit, 192 bit, and 256 bit keylengths.
It uses DES as its inner round function and its authors suggest at least
6, preferably 8 rounds (there are some attacks against DEAL). There
is a paper available here
that describes some attacks, all of which can be cured by using at least
Developed by the Nippon Telephone & Telegraph as an improvement
to DES, the Fast Data Encipherment Algorithm (FEAL) is very insecure.
FEAL-4, FEAL-8, and FEAL-N are all susceptible to a variety of cryptanalytic
attacks, some requiring as little as 12 chosen plaintexts. FEAL is patented.
GOST is a cryptographic algorithm from Russia that appears to be the
Russian analog to DES both politically and technologically. Its designers
took no chances, iterating the GOST algorithm for 32 rounds and using
a 256 bit key. Although GOST's conservative design inspires confidence,
John Kelsey has discovered a key-relation attack on GOST, described
in a post to sci.crypt on 10 February 1996. There are also weak
keys in GOST, but there are too few to be a problem when GOST is
used with its standard set of S-boxes. You can read the official GOST
algorithm description (translated from Russian) here.
There is also a description of the GOST algorithm here.
IDEA, developed in Zurich, Switzerland by Xuejia Lai and James Massey,
is generally regarded to be one of the best and most secure block algorithm
available to the public today. It utilizes a 128-bit key and is designed
to be resistant to differential cryptanalysis. Some
attacks have been made against reduced round IDEA. Unfortunately,
IDEA is patented; licensing information can be obtained from Ascom.
LOKI was designed as a possible replacement for DES. It operates on
a 64-bit block and a 64-bit key. The first version of LOKI to be released
was broken by differential cryptanalysis and was shown to have an 8-bit
complementation property (this means that the number of keys that need
to be searched in a brute force attack is reduced by 256). LOKI was
revised and re-released as LOKI91. LOKI91 is secure against differential
cryptanalysis, but LOKI easily falls to a chosen-key attack. The designers
of LOKI have proposed LOKI97
as an AES candidate, but linear
and differential attacks on LOKI97 have already been proposed.
Lucifer was one of the first modern cryptographic algorithms. It was
designed at IBM in the 1960s by Horst Feistel, of Feistel network fame.
Lucifer is often considered to be a precursor to DES. There are several
incarnations of Lucifer, each with the same name, which creates a good
deal of confusion. No version is secure. A paper on the differential
cryptanlysis of Lucifer was written by Ishai Ben-Aroya & Eli
MacGuffin is a cipher developed by Matt Blaze and Bruce Schneier as
an experiment in cipher design. It uses a Feistel network (see the cryptography
overview for details), but does not split the input evenly, instead
dividing the 64 bit block into one 16 bit part and another 48 bit part.
This is called a generalized unbalanced Feistel network (GUFN). Details
are available here.
A differential attack on MacGuffin has
been found that requires approximately 251.5 chosen plaintexts.
MARS is IBM's AES submission. There
is a MARS web
page with a link to the MARS
paper. MARS uses 128 bit blocks and supports variable key sizes
(from 128 to 1248 bits). MARS is unique in that it combines virtually
every design technique known to cryptographers in one algorithm. It
uses addition and subtractions, S-boxes, fixed and data dependent rotations,
Misty is a cryptographic algorithm developed by Mitsubishi Electric
after they broke DES in 1994. It is designed to withstand linear and
differential cryptanalysis, but has not yet been cryptanalysed. As it
has not undergone intensive peer review, the usual caution is recommended.
It is being considered for inclusion into the SET 2.0 standard. Visit
web page or read the author's paper
MMB was designed as an alternative to IDEA that uses a 128-bit block
instead of IDEA's 64-bit block. It was designed using the same principles
as IDEA. Unfortunately, it is not as secure as IDEA and several attacks
exist against it. Its author, Joan Daemen, abandoned it and designed
Although NewDES was developed by Robert Scott to possibly replace
DES, NewDES has fallen short of expectations. NewDES has been proven
to be weaker than DES, requiring 24 related-key probes and 530 chosen
plaintext/ciphertext queries, as described in this
NewDES is implemented in Kremlin
RC2, like RC4, was formerly a trade secret, but code purporting to
be RC2 was posted to sci.crypt. It is archived here.
David Wagner, John Kelsey,
and Bruce Schneier
discovered a related-key attack on RC2 that requires one related-key
query and approximately 234 chosen plaintexts. RC2 is not
patented by RSA Data Security, Inc;
it is just protected as a trade secret.
RC5 is a group of algorithms designed by Ron Rivest of RSA Data Security
that can take on a variable block size, key size, and number of rounds.
The block size is generally dependent on the word size of the machine
the particular version of RC5 was designed to run on; on 32-bit processors
(with 32-bit words), RC5 generally has a 64-bit block size. David
Wagner, John Kelsey, and Bruce
Schneier have found
weak keys in RC5, with the probability of selecting a weak key to
be 2-10r, where r is the number of rounds. For sufficiently
large r values (greater than 10), this is not a problem as long as you
are not trying to build a hash function based on RC5. Kundsen has also
found a differential attack
on RC5. RC5 is described in this
RSA document. RC5 is patented by RSA
RC6 is Ronald Rivest's AES submission. Like all AES ciphers, RC6 works
on 128 bit blocks. It can accept variable length keys. It is very similar
to RC5, incorporating the results of various studies on RC5 to improve
the algorithm. The studies of RC5 found that not all bits of data are
used to determine the rotation amount (rotation is used extensively
in RC5); RC6 uses multiplication to determine the rotation amount and
uses all bits of input data to determine the rotation amount, strengthening
the avalanche effect.
There are two versions of the REDOC algorithm, REDOC II, and REDOC
III. REDOC II is considered to be secure; an attack has been made against
one round of REDOC II, but could not be extended to all 10 recommended
rounds. REDOC II is interesting in that it uses data masks to select
the values in the S-boxes. REDOC II uses a 160-bit key and works on
an 80-bit block. REDOC III was an attempt to make the painfully slow
REDOC II faster. REDOC III, like REDOC III, operates on an 80-bit block,
but can accept keys up to 20480 bits. However, REDOC III falls to differential
cryptanalysis, as described in this
Rijndael is an AES
winner by Joan Daemen and Vincent
Rijmen. The cipher has a variable block and key length, and the
authors have demonstrated how to extend the block length and key length
by multiples of 32 bits. The design of Rijndael was influenced by the
SQUARE algorithm. The authors provide a Rijndael
specification and a more theoretical paper on their design
principles. The authors have vowed to never patent Rijndael.
Safer was developed by Robert Massey at the request of Cylink Corporation.
There are several different versions of Safer, with 40, 64, and 128-bit
keys. A weakness in the key schedule was corrected, with an S being
added to the original Safer K designation to create Safer SK. There
are some attacks
against reduced round variants of Safer. Safer is secure against differential
and linear cryptanalysis. However, Bruce
Schneier, author of Applied
Cryptography, recommends against using Safer because, "Safer
was designed for Cylink, and Cylink is tainted by the NSA."
Safer SK-128 is implemented in Kremlin.
Serpent is an AES submission by Ross Anderson, Eli Biham, and Lars
Knudsen. Its authors combined the design principles of DES with the
recent development of bitslicing techniques to create a very secure
and very fast algorithm. While bitslicing is generally used to encrypt
multiple blocks in parallel, the designers of Serpent have embraced
the technique of bitslicing and incorporated it into the design of the
algorithm itself. Serpent uses 128 bit blocks and 256 bit keys. Like
DES, Serpent includes an initial and final permutation of no cryptographic
significance; these permutations are used to optimize the data before
encryption. Serpent was released at the 5th International Workshop on
Fast Software Encryption. This iteration of Serpent was called Serpent
0 and used the original DES S-boxes. After comments, the key schedule
of Sperpent was changed slightly and the S-boxes were changed; this
new iteration of Serpent is called Serpent 1. Serpent 1 resists both
linear and differential attacks. The Serpent paper is available here.
SQUARE is an iterated block cipher that uses a 128-bit key length
and a 128-bit block length. The round function of SQUARE is composed
of four transformations: a linear transformation, a nonlinear transformation,
a byte permutation, and a bitwise round-key addition. SQUARE was designed
to be resistant to linear and differential cryptanalysis, and succeeds
in this respect. The designers of SQUARE have developed an attack on
SQUARE, but it cannot be extended past 6 rounds. A paper on SQUARE is
and there are links to the paper and source code on the designers' web
In what surely signals the end of the Clipper chip project, the NSA
released Skipjack, its formerly secret encryption algorithm, to
the public. Skipjack uses an 80 bit key. A fuzzy scan of the official
NSA paper is available here
at the NIST web site, but it has been
transcribed by the folks
over at jya.com. A reference implementation
(in C) is available here,
and an optimized version is available here.
Eli Biham and Adi Shamir have published some
initial cryptanalytic results (which are growing more and more interesting
as time progresses).
Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA)
TEA is a cryptographic algorithm designed to minimize memory footprint,
and maximize speed. However, the cryptographers from Counterpane
Systems have discovered
three related-key attacks on TEA, the best of which requires only
223 chosen plaintexts and one related key query. The problems
arise from the overly simple key schedule. Each TEA key can be found
to have three other equivalent keys, as described in a
paper by David Wagner,
John Kelsey, and Bruce
Schneier. This precludes the possibility of using TEA as a hash
function. Roger Needham and David Wheeler have proposed
extensions to TEA that counter the above attacks.
Twofish is Counterpane Systems'
AES submission. Designed by the Counterpane Team (Bruce
Schneier, John Kelsey, Doug Whiting, David
Wagner, Chris Hall, and Niels Ferguson), Twofish has undergone extensive
analysis by the Counterpane Team. There is a paper
available from the Twofish
web page and source
is provided in optimized C and assembly.
ORYX is the algorithm used to encrypt data sent over digital cellular
phones. It is a stream cipher based on three 32-bit Galois LFSRs. It
is distinct from CMEA, which is a block cipher used to encrypt the cellular
data control channel. The cryptographic tag-team from Counterpane
Systems (David Wagner,
John Kelsey, and Bruce
Schneier) have developed
an attack on ORYX that requires approximately 24 bytes of known
plaintext and about 216 initial guesses.
The RC4 algorithm is a stream cipher from RSA
Data Security, Inc. Though RC4 was originally a trade secret, the
alleged source code was published
anonymously in 1994. The published algorithm performs identically
to RC4 implementations in official RSA products. RC4 is widely used
in many applications and is generally regarded to be secure. There are
no known attacks against RC4. RC4 is not patented by RSA
Data Security, Inc; it is just protected as a trade secret.
The 40-bit exportable version of RC4 has been
broken by brute force!
RC4 is implemented in Kremlin.
SEAL, designed by Don Coppersmith of IBM Corp, is probably the fastest
secure encryption algorithm available. The key setup process of SEAL
requires several kilobytes of space and rather intensive computation
involving SHA1, but only five operations per byte are required to generate
the keystream. SEAL is particularly appropriate for disk encryption
and similar applications where data must be read from the middle of
a ciphertext stream. A paper is available here.
SEAL is patented, and can be licensed from IBM.
MD2 is generally considered to be a dead algorithm. It was designed
to work on 8-bit processors and, in today's 32-bit world, is rarely
used. It produces a 128-bit digest. MD2 is different in design from
MD4 and MD5, in that it first pads the message so that its length in
bits is divisible by 256. It then adds a 256-bit checksum. If this checksum
is not added, the MD2 function has been found to have collisions. There
are no known attacks on the full version of MD2. MD2 is described in
Although MD4 is now considered insecure, its design is the basis for
the design of most other cryptographic hashes and therefore merits description.
First, the message to be operated on is padded so that its length in
bits plus 448 is divisible by 512. Then, in what is called a Damgård/Merkle
iterative structure, the message is processed with a compression function
in 512-bit blocks to generate a digest value. In MD4 this digest is
128 bits long. Hans Dobbertin developed an attack on the full MD4 that
will generate collisions in about a minute on most PCs. An overview
of the design and a description of the security of MD2, MD4, and MD5,
are described in this
While MD4 was designed for speed, a more conservative approach was
taken in the design of MD5. However, applying the same techniques he
used to attack MD4, Hans Dobbertin has shown that collisions
can be found for the MD5 compression function in about 10 hours
on a PC. While these attacks have not been extended to the full MD5
algorithm, they still do not inspire confidence in the algorithm. RSA
is quick to point out that these collision attacks do not compromise
the integrity of MD5 when used with existing digital signatures. MD5,
like MD4, produces a 128-bit digest. An RFC describing MD5 in detail
is available here.
The use of MD5, as well as MD4, is not recommended in new applications.
RIPEMD and its successors were developed by the European RIPE project.
Its authors found
collisions for a version of RIPEMD restricted to two rounds. This
attack can also be applied to MD4 and MD5. The original RIPEMD algorithm
was then strengthened and renamed to RIPEMD-160. As implied by the name,
RIPEMD-160 produces a 160-bit digest. A comprehensive description of
RIPEMD-160 can be found here.
SHA1 was developed by the NSA for
NIST as part of the Secure Hash Standard (SHS). SHA1 is similar in design
to MD4. The original published algorithm, known as SHA, was modified
by NSA to protect against an unspecified attack; the updated algorithm
is named SHA1. It produces a 160-bit digest -- large enough to protect
against "birthday" attacks, where two different messages are
selected to produce the same signature, for the next decade. The official
FIPS description of SHA1 can be found
SHA1 is implemented in Kremlin.
Snefru is a hash function designed by Ralph Merkle, the designer of
the Khufu and Khafre encryption algorithms. 2-round Snefru has been
broken by Eli Biham. Snefru 2.5, the latest edition of the hash algorithm,
can generate either a 128-bit or a 256-bit digest.
Tiger is a new hash algorithm by Ross Anderson and Eli Biham. It is
designed to work with 64-bit processors such as the Digital Alpha and,
unlike MD4, does not rely on rotations (the Alpha has no such rotate
instruction). In order to provide drop-in compatibility with other hashes,
Tiger can generate a 128-bit, a 160-bit or a 192-bit digest. The Tiger
home page contains more information.
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263 Kan. 685
(952 P2d 1289)
STATE OF KANSAS, Appellee, v. GEORGE BAILEY, Appellant.
SYLLABUS BY THE COURT
1. The Confrontation Clause of the United States Constitution operates in two ways when determining the admissibility of hearsay statements. First, the Sixth Amendment establishes a rule of necessity. In the usual case, the prosecution must either produce or demonstrate the unavailability of the declarant whose statement it wishes to use against the defendant. Second, once a witness is shown to be unavailable, the witness' statement is admissible only if it bears adequate indicia of reliability. Reliability can be inferred where the evidence falls within a firmly rooted hearsay exception. If the evidence does not fall within a firmly rooted hearsay exception, the evidence must be excluded absent a showing of particularized guarantees of trustworthiness.
2. Particularized guarantees of trustworthiness required for admission of a hearsay statement under the Confrontation Clause must be shown from the totality of the circumstances that surround the making of the statement and that render the declarant particularly worthy of belief. Evidence possessing particularized guarantees of trustworthiness must be at least as reliable as evidence admitted under a firmly rooted hearsay exception and must be so trustworthy that adversarial testing would add little to its reliability.
3. On appeal, this court's review of a departure sentence is limited to whether the sentencing court's findings of fact and reasons justifying a departure sentence (1) are supported by evidence in the record and (2) constitute substantial and compelling reasons for departure. K.S.A. 21-4721(d).
4. In an appeal from a conviction of second-degree murder, the record is examined and it is held the district court did not commit error in (1) instructing the jury and (2) admitting the out-of-court statements of two unavailable witnesses. The district court did commit error in imposing a departure sentence.
Appeal from Sedgwick district court; GREGORY L. WALLER, judge. Opinion filed January 23, 1998. Conviction affirmed, sentence vacated, and case remanded for resentencing.
Michael J. Helvey, assistant appellate defender, argued the cause, and Steven R. Zinn, deputy appellate defender, was with him on the brief for appellant.
Debra S. Peterson, assistant district attorney, argued the cause, and Nola Foulston, district attorney, and Carla J. Stovall, attorney general, were with her on the brief for appellee.
The opinion of the court was delivered by
ALLEGRUCCI, J.: George Bailey was convicted by a jury of the intentional second-degree murder of Thomas Dunigan. The guidelines sentence range was 92 to 103 months; Bailey was sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 154 months. He appeals the conviction and sentence. The case was transferred from the Court of Appeals on this court's motion, pursuant to K.S.A. 20-3018(c).
There is no dispute that George Bailey shot Thomas Dunigan in the head with a .22-caliber pistol in the early morning hours of October 20, 1995. Dunigan died 10 days later as a result of the gunshot wound. Bailey was charged with premeditated first-degree murder. He was convicted by a jury of intentional second-degree murder.
Bailey lived alone in a duplex apartment. Dunigan lived with Helen Reed in the apartment on the other side of the duplex. The night of the shooting, Dunigan's sister, Cordia Willrich, also was staying at his apartment. She testified that Dunigan and Bailey sold cocaine out of Bailey's apartment. Jimmy Thomas provided protection for them, and James McKinney supplied the drugs.
The afternoon of October 19, Willrich and James Washington were in front of Dunigan's apartment when Bailey came walking down the street. Bailey was acting strangely and he was talking out loud. He said, "I'm going to kill that nigger," and, "I'm going to kill that mother fucker." Washington asked Bailey who he was talking about, and Bailey said, "That damn Thomas." That same day, Willrich told her brother what Bailey had said. Dunigan assured her that Bailey was his friend and that Bailey was just talking and was not going to do anything.
At approximately 3:00 the next morning, Willrich was awakened when a woman named Doris knocked on the door of Dunigan's apartment to tell them that Bailey had shot Dunigan. Willrich went to the hospital where her brother had been taken. Dunigan never regained consciousness. He was disconnected from life support systems after 10 days.
James Washington testified that he heard Bailey and Dunigan shouting at each other the evening of October 18. Then Bailey threatened to kill Dunigan. Bailey was violent when he was drinking. He carried "an old [type gun] . . . like [a] .22 or something" in his pocket all the time. When Bailey was lying on the couch, he would lay the gun right by the sofa where he could reach it.
Sherry Baker went to Bailey's apartment at about 4 a.m. on October 20. She went with someone identified as Louis Franklin, who did not want to go to Bailey's by himself. Dunigan, Bailey, and Thomas were in the living room. Bailey was on the couch, and Dunigan was sitting in a chair. Shortly after Baker and Franklin arrived, Bailey said, "I'm tired of you all stealing from me." Baker thought Bailey was talking to Dunigan and Thomas. Looking at Dunigan and Thomas, Bailey continued, "I'll kill you MF for always stealing my stuff." Bailey reached under the couch and got a handgun. Thomas ran into the kitchen, but the others sat still. Bailey shot Dunigan and then said, "[G]et this MF out of here before I shoot him again." While Bailey remained seated, Thomas ran out the door, and Franklin picked Dunigan up under the arms and dragged him outside. After Bailey went to the bathroom, he walked Baker to the corner. According to Baker, he had the gun in his hand as they walked. At the corner, Baker went on toward her house, and Bailey returned to his apartment.
Bailey testified that Dunigan had moved next door to him around the first of the year in 1995. In approximately June 1995, Bailey complained to Dunigan about Dunigan's dealing drugs in front of Bailey's door. Dunigan responded that he and his partners needed Bailey's apartment. Thomas virtually moved in with Bailey, and Dunigan was in and out. Bailey said that they were selling drugs in his apartment 24 hours a day. Bailey testified that he went along with what they wanted because they threatened him and his parents. Bailey claimed that Dunigan and Thomas forced him to miss work in order to get him fired so that he would have to stay at home. The night he shot Dunigan, he took a bus to Oklahoma City to stay with his sister. He described it as his chance to get away.
With regard to his shooting Dunigan, Bailey testified that he had been drinking most of the day. He fell asleep in the afternoon or early evening. He was asleep on the couch when Sherry Baker and her companion came in. They were arguing about cigarettes. According to Bailey, "[Dunigan] moved from the divan over in the chair. By doing so he left the gun laying down on the floor, side of the divan." Thomas "was in the kitchen cooking up dope." As the argument about the cigarettes began again, according to Bailey, Thomas shouted from the kitchen that they could "trash" Bailey. Bailey's account of the shooting continues: "So at that time I reached down. I saw the gun--butt of the gun down by the divan. I reached down and grabbed it. I shot really to frighten everybody so they can run. I would get a chance to get out of there. In the process I guess I hit him." All Bailey could remember saying was, "[Y]ou all get the hell out of here."
Bailey first argues that the district court should have instructed the jury on the lesser included offenses of reckless second-degree murder and reckless involuntary manslaughter. The trial court instructed the jury on premeditated first-degree murder, intentional second-degree murder, voluntary manslaughter, and involuntary manslaughter. Defense counsel also requested instructions on reckless second-degree murder and a somewhat different instruction on involuntary manslaughter. On appeal, he complains of the trial court's refusal to give the requested instructions.
"In a criminal action, a trial court must instruct the jury on the law applicable to the defendant's theories for which there is supporting evidence. When considering the refusal of a trial court to give a specific instruction, the evidence must be viewed by the appellate court in the light most favorable to the party requesting the instruction." State v. Bornholdt, 261 Kan. 644, Syl. 16, 932 P.2d 964 (1997).
The jury was instructed on second-degree murder and involuntary manslaughter as follows:
"To establish this charge [of second-degree murder], each of the following claims must be proved:
1. That the defendant intentionally killed Thomas Dunigan; and
2. That this act occurred on or about the 20th day of October, 1995, in Sedgwick County, Kansas."
"To establish this charge [of involuntary manslaughter], each of the following claims must be proved:
1. That the defendant unintentionally killed Thomas Dunigan;
2. That it was done during the commission of the lawful act of self defense or defense of a dwelling in an unlawful manner by the use of excessive force; and
3. That this act occurred on or about the 20th day of October, 1995, in Sedgwick County, Kansas."
Defendant requested an instruction pursuant to K.S.A. 21-3402(b), which states: "Murder in the second degree is the killing of a human being committed . . . unintentionally but recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life." The involuntary manslaughter instruction requested by defense counsel would have stated the following:
"To establish this charge, each of the following claims must be proved:
1. That the defendant unintentionally killed Thomas Dunigan;
2. That it was done:
. . . recklessly;
3. That this act occurred on or about the 20th day of October, 1995, in Sedgwick County, Kansas." See PIK Crim. 3d 56.06.
The trial court gave the following reason for not instructing the jury on reckless second-degree murder:
"Primarily, it is this Court's belief that the evidence as it has unfolded insofar as the defendant's theory of the case would be that he acted in self-defense and in defense of his dwelling. Any individual acting in self-defense cannot act recklessly. That, of course, is set forth in State versus Warren, also numerous other cases within this jurisdiction. The jury perhaps could believe that the defendant was not acting in self-defense.
"However, from the testimony of the defendant, I believe it quite clear he intentionally fired the gun. His actions were not done in a reckless or wanton manner. Therefore, I am not going to give . . . second-degree reckless."
Defense counsel responded,"[I]n the event the jury could disregard Mr. Bailey's testimony entirely, that they base it on the testimony they heard from various State's witnesses. Considering the fact that the alcohol use, they could find it was a reckless act." The jury was instructed that voluntary intoxication could be a defense insofar as it impaired the defendant's mental ability to form premeditation or intent to kill. It also was instructed on self-defense and defense of a dwelling.
The trial court reiterated its stated reason for not instructing on reckless second-degree murder with respect to not instructing the jury on reckless involuntary manslaughter. Defense counsel asked that the instruction be given because Bailey's testimony was that he was simply firing in Dunigan's direction. When the trial court noted that the instruction "would not . . . jive with your self-defense theory," defense counsel responded that the jury could disregard Bailey's testimony. On appeal, Bailey adds the argument that it is immaterial whether the shooting was intentional because the controlling factor is whether the killing was intentional. His point is that he had not intended to kill Dunigan, even though he pointed the gun at him and pulled the trigger. In other words, he contends that an intentional act done without regard to the consequences is reckless. Neither the case law nor the legislative history supports this argument.
In State v. Pierce, 260 Kan. 859, 927 P.2d 929 (1996), the court considered a request for a reckless second-degree murder instruction in circumstances comparable to those in the present case. The evidence in Pierce showed that defendant shot and killed one young boy out of a group of three. In defendant's account, the boys tried to rob him and the one he shot had pulled a knife on him. In the court's words, "the defendant's statement clearly and consistently seeks to establish that he shot in self-defense." 260 Kan. at 866. The court concluded:
"There is no evidence of recklessness. The defendant's actions were intentional, according to the only evidence admitted, including his own statements. At best the evidence on behalf of the defendant suggested that he did not intend to kill the victim but only defended himself by shooting the victim in the leg. The instructions given by the court, including the involuntary manslaughter instruction, are consistent with the defendant's theory. Under these circumstances, since all evidence supports an intentional shooting, the evidence, when viewed in the light most favorable to the defendant's theory of reckless second-degree murder, would not have justified a jury verdict on this offense. Accordingly, the trial court was under no duty to instruct on this lesser included offense." (Emphasis added.) 260 Kan. at 867.
We find Pierce controlling in the present case. Bailey cites Pierce but ignores its clear message--a defendant's actions in pointing a gun at someone and pulling the trigger are intentional rather than reckless even if the defendant did not intend to kill the victim. Bailey also relies on a discussion of legislative history in State v. Mitchell, 23 Kan. App. 2d 413, 420, 932 P.2d 1012 (1997):
"The fundamental rule of statutory construction is that the intent of the legislature governs if that intent can be ascertained. City of Wichita v. 200 South Broadway, 253 Kan. 434, 436, 855 P.2d 956 (1993). The legislature has given us a clue as to its intent in creating K.S.A. 21-3402(b). The Supplemental Note on S.B. 358 explained:
'The crime of second degree murder . . . is expanded to include unintentional but reckless killings under circumstances manifesting an extreme indifference to the value of human life--the so-called "depraved heart" murder which would include firing an automatic weapon into a crowded restaurant or a crowd of people on a street corner. The majority of states and the Model Penal Code recognize this category of murder. Without such a category of murder, extremely reckless killings likely can only be charged as involuntary manslaughter.'"
Rather than supporting Bailey's argument, the examples of conduct that could be charged under the reckless second-degree murder statute are readily distinguishable. They illustrate that the defendant's singling out an individual seated only a few feet away, pointing a gun directly at his head, and then firing was not conduct contemplated by the legislature. Just as the evidence does not show reckless conduct for the purpose of instructing on reckless second-degree murder, it does not show reckless conduct for the purpose of instructing on reckless involuntary manslaughter. Even viewed in the light most favorable to defendant, the evidence does not support defendant's theories of the lesser included offenses. Thus, the district court acted properly in refusing to give the requested instructions.
Bailey next argues that his federal constitutional right to confront the witnesses against him was violated by the admission of police testimony about the out-of-court statements of two unavailable witnesses. Louis Franklin and Jimmy Thomas gave tape-recorded statements to police during the investigation of this case. At the time of trial, they were subpoenaed to testify and were named in material witness warrants. Neither could be found. The State sought leave to use the witnesses' statements. Defense counsel objected at all appropriate times.
K.S.A. 60-460(d)(3) provides:
"Evidence of a statement which is made other than by a witness while testifying at the hearing, offered to prove the truth of the matter stated, is hearsay evidence and inadmissible except:
. . . .
(d) . . . . A statement which the judge finds was made . . . (3) if the declarant is unavailable as a witness, by the declarant at a time when the matter had been recently perceived by the declarant and while the declarant's recollection was clear and was made in good faith prior to the commencement of the action and with no incentive to falsify or to distort."
The district court found that the witnesses were unavailable. On appeal, Bailey does not question this finding.
The district court further found that the other requirements of 60-460(d)(3) were satisfied--the matters described were recently perceived by the declarants and while the memory was fresh, and the statements were given before there were charges filed and in circumstances indicative of good faith. The district court, therefore, preliminarily ruled that the statements would be admissible. With regard to the defendant's Confrontation Clause rights, the district court required a further showing of reliability of the statements. For this purpose, the prosecutor submitted to the court the reports of detectives Relph and Herbel, which contained the content of their interviews with the missing witnesses. Asserting that there were variances with regard to Louis Franklin's statements in the detectives' reports and Officer Kimball's report, defense counsel asked the trial court to compare them.
In State v. Bratt, 250 Kan. 264, 824 P.2d 983 (1992), this court considered the effect of the Confrontation Clause on the admissibility of hearsay statements in a criminal trial. Taking into account the United States Supreme Court's decisions in Idaho v. Wright, 497 U.S. 805, 111 L. Ed. 2d 638, 110 S. Ct. 3139 (1990), and Ohio v. Roberts, 448 U.S. 56, 65 L. Ed. 2d 597, 100 S. Ct. 2531 (1980), this court stated and applied the following principles:
"The Confrontation Clause operates in two ways when determining the admissibility of hearsay statements. First, the Sixth Amendment establishes a rule of necessity. In the usual case, the prosecution must either produce or demonstrate the unavailability of the declarant whose statement it wishes to use against the defendant. Second, once a witness is shown to be unavailable, the witness' statement is admissible only if it bears adequate indicia of reliability. Reliability can be inferred where the evidence falls within a firmly rooted hearsay exception. If the evidence does not fall within a firmly rooted hearsay exception, the evidence must be excluded absent a showing of particularized guarantees of trustworthiness." (Emphasis added.) 250 Kan. 264, Syl. ¶ 1.
"Particularized guarantees of trustworthiness required for admission of a hearsay statement under the Confrontation Clause must be shown from the totality of the circumstances that surround the making of the statement and that render the declarant particularly worthy of belief. Evidence possessing particularized guarantees of trustworthiness must be at least as reliable as evidence admitted under a firmly rooted hearsay exception and must be so trustworthy that adversarial testing would add little to its reliability." 250 Kan. 264, Syl. 2.
In Ohio v. Roberts, the United States Supreme Court explained that allowing reliability to be inferred, without more, from the evidence's falling within a firmly established hearsay exception was a reflection of "the truism that 'hearsay rules and the Confrontation Clause are generally designed to protect similar values,' . . . and 'stem from the same roots.'" 448 U.S. at 66.
Without actually discussing it, Bailey assumes in his brief that the statements of Franklin and Thomas do not fall within a firmly rooted hearsay exception. In ruling that the statements were admissible, the district court came to the contrary conclusion. In addition, the district court found particularized guarantees of trustworthiness. The guarantees of trustworthiness found by the trial court (1) corresponded to the statements and the physical evidence in the case and (2) corresponded to the statements and the sworn testimony of Baker, the other eyewitness to the shooting. The location of the .22 cartridge shell was given as an example of correspondence between the statements and physical evidence. The trial court added that certain particularized guarantees of trustworthiness were built into a 60-460(d)(3) exception. This last seems to be a reiteration of and rationale for the rule that reliability can be inferred where the evidence falls within a firmly rooted hearsay exception. It also may be seen as directed at the requirement that particularized guarantees of trustworthiness must be shown from the totality of the circumstances. That is, the same inquiry is necessary in order to satisfy the statutory requirements for admissibility.
In its brief, the State notes: "The defendant makes no claim that K.S.A. 60-460(d)(3) is not a firmly rooted hearsay exception." The State, however, does not follow up on its observation.
In Idaho v. Wright, hearsay statements made by a 3-year-old child declarant to an examining pediatrician were admitted at trial under the State's "residual hearsay exception." 497 U.S. at 811. It applied to statements "not specifically covered by any of the foregoing exceptions but having equivalent circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness." 497 U.S. at 812. In its opinion, the Supreme Court discussed what constitutes a firmly rooted hearsay exception:
"We note at the outset that Idaho's residual hearsay exception, Idaho Rule Evid. 803(24), under which the challenged statements were admitted, App. 113-115, is not a firmly rooted hearsay exception for Confrontation Clause purposes. Admission under a firmly rooted hearsay exception satisfies the constitutional requirement of reliability because of the weight accorded longstanding judicial and legislative experience in assessing the trustworthiness of certain types of out-of-court statements. See Mattox, 156 U.S., at 243; Roberts, 448 U.S., at 66; Bourjaily, 483 U.S., at 183; see also Lee, supra, at 552 (Blackmun, J., dissenting) ('[S]tatements squarely within established hearsay exceptions possess "the imprimatur of judicial and legislative experience" . . . and that fact must weight heavily in our assessment of their reliability for constitutional purposes') (citation omitted). The residual hearsay exception, by contrast, accommodates ad hoc instances in which statements not otherwise falling within a recognized hearsay exception might nevertheless be sufficiently reliable to be admissible at trial. See, e.g., Senate Judiciary Committee's Note on Fed. Rule Evid. 803(24), 28 U.S.C. App., pp. 786-787; E. Cleary, McCormick on Evidence § 324.1, pp. 907-909 (3d ed. 1984). Hearsay statements admitted under the residual exception, almost by definition, therefore do not share the same tradition of reliability that supports the admissibility of statements under a firmly rooted hearsay exception. Moreover, were we to agree that the admission of hearsay statements under the residual exception automatically passed Confrontation Clause scrutiny, virtually every codified hearsay exception would assume constitutional stature, a step this Court has repeatedly declined to take. See Green, 399 U.S., at 155-156; Evans, 400 U.S., at 86-87 (plurality opinion); Inadi, 475 U.S., at 393, n.5; see also Evans, supra, at 94-95 (Harlan, J., concurring in result)." 497 U.S. at 817-18.
This court, in State v. Bratt, concluded that the hearsay statements of the 5-year-old victim were inadmissible under the Confrontation Clause, and the convictions of his parents were reversed. 250 Kan. at 273. The hearsay exception which had been invoked in admitting the 5-year-old's statement was K.S.A. 1990 Supp. 60-460(dd), which governed an "apparently reliable" statement made by a child crime victim who was not available as a trial witness and which was not made under threat or promise.
In Ohio v. Roberts, the Court referred to "certain hearsay exceptions [that] rest upon such solid foundations that admission of virtually any evidence within them comports with the 'substance of the constitutional protection.' Mattox v. United States, 156 U.S. at 244." 448 U.S. at 66. Footnote 8 states:
"See, e.g., Pointer v. Texas, 380 U.S., at 407 (dying declarations); Mattox v. United States, 156 U.S., at 243-244 (same); Mancusi v. Stubbs, 408 U.S. 204, 213-216 (1972) (cross-examined prior-trial testimony); Comment, 30 La. L. Rev. 651, 668 (1970) ('Properly administered the business and public records exceptions would seem to be among the safest of the hearsay exceptions')." 448 U.S. at 66 n.8.
The evidence at issue in Roberts was preliminary hearing testimony of a witness who was not present for trial.
The hearsay exception at issue in the present case would seem to lie somewhere between the hearsay exceptions carved out for child victims and the preliminary hearing testimony in Roberts. It is richer in indicia of reliability than a small child's statement on a grown-up subject, but it lacks some indicia of reliability that one would associate with cross-examined testimony. It is included as part of the Kansas Rules of Evidence, which indicates the legislature's longstanding recognition of its trustworthiness. We question whether K.S.A. 60-460(d)(3) meets the above criterion of a "firmly rooted" hearsay exception for confrontation purposes. See Klemme and Prater, Res Gestae Raises Its Ugly Head, 65 J.K.B.A. 24, 32 (Oct. 1996). However, defendant does not take issue with the trial court's determination that 60-460(d)(3) is a firmly rooted hearsay exception but, instead, argues that based on the totality of the circumstances, the statements do not have a particularized guarantee of trustworthiness.
The district court took the additional step and concluded that there were particularized guarantees of trustworthiness-- the statements and the physical evidence corresponding to the statements and Baker's sworn testimony--as well as the indicia of reliability required by K.S.A. 60-460(d)(3). Bailey does not seem to contest the correspondences found by the district court. Bailey contends, however, that in looking at details of the shooting, the court was looking at an aspect of the case where corroboration would not tend to show reliability. He did not deny shooting Dunigan. Instead, he defended his action by testifying that "he was held hostage for the purpose of selling drugs from his house."
With respect to Franklin, Bailey asserts: "Cross-examination of Franklin . . . would likely have revealed the real reason for the early morning visit to the crack house, and impeached Baker's credibility." Bailey cross-examined Baker, however, and there really is no reason to believe that cross-examination of Baker's companion would have accomplished anything more along these lines for the defense. In response to defense counsel's questions, Baker said she had been to Bailey's apartment two or three times before October 20, that she was not aware that it was known as a drug house, that she never saw any drug activity there, that Bailey and a woman named Michelle had been the only ones there when she had gone before, and that on October 20 she did not observe anyone drinking or using drugs.
With respect to Thomas, Bailey asserts: "Cross-examination would have exposed the involvement of Thomas in the drug sales, and clearly exposed his motivation to blame Bailey for the killing." The latter part of the assertion is immaterial under Bailey's own argument--Bailey does not deny shooting the victim. Detective Relph testified that Thomas said he had been at Bailey's apartment approximately 5 or 6 hours before the shooting and that he and Bailey had been drinking and using drugs. As far as drug sales are concerned, defense counsel asked the detective what Thomas had said about selling drugs:
"Q. When you asked him about whether there was illegal activity as far as drugs sales--you asked him about drug sales whether they were involved in that?
"A. Yes, I did.
"Q. Did he answer you? What kind of answer did he give you?
"A. I think he didn't really know what the business--if there was a business. He said he indicated he didn't know. But I asked him if he thought the argument may have been over the money involved in that business. He indicated probably.
"Q. He didn't take any responsibility for participation in the business; is that right?
. . . .
"Q. You asked him whether George Bailey was a dope dealer?
"A. Yes, I did.
"Q. On Page 13, what was his answer on that?
"A. I don't know.
"Q. Did you ask him whether Mr. Dunigan was a drug dealer?
"A. No, I did not ask that.
"Q. Did you ask him how often he frequented the--Mr. Bailey's residence?
"A. I don't recall during the taped portion, but I do recall that he indicated he had been going there. He would say I've been going there for a whole while."
The trial court is given considerable discretion in admitting statements under the hearsay exception for unavailable witnesses. State v. Stafford, 255 Kan. 807, 810, 878 P.2d 820 (1994) (quoting State v. Hobson, 234 Kan. 133, 158, 671 P.2d 1365 ). Noting this standard of review, Bailey focuses his argument on the constitutional aspect of admission of the evidence. Indeed, no reason has been shown for this court to conclude that the district court abused its discretion in admitting the statements of Franklin and Thomas under K.S.A. 60-460(d)(3). This court's confrontation analysis, in contrast, is undertaken without deference to the district court's interpretation of the law. It appears from this court's review of the record that the district court considered the totality of the circumstances surrounding the making of the statements when considering requirements of the hearsay statute and then transferred those considerations and properly applied them in the constitutional analysis. We conclude that the out-of-court statements of Franklin and Thomas possessed sufficient particularized guarantees of trustworthiness so that cross-examination would add little to their reliability. Thus, although this use of hearsay by the prosecutor presents a close question, it satisfies the requirements of reliability and trustworthiness under the approach used by the United States Supreme Court and followed by this court. Furthermore, contrary to Bailey's assertions, the evidence would seem unlikely to detrimentally affect his defense theory. In other words, if there was error, it was harmless.
Bailey also asserts that it was error for the district court to impose an upward departure sentence. The presumptive sentencing range was 92 to 103 months. The sentence imposed was for a term of 154 months' imprisonment. The district court's reasons for upward departure, stated at the time of sentencing and in the journal entry of judgment, were that Bailey created a danger of harm or death to more than one person and that he committed the murder while engaged in the operation of a crack cocaine house, a danger to society as a whole.
By statute, this court's review of a departure sentence is limited to whether the sentencing court's findings of fact and reasons justifying a departure (1) are supported by evidence in the record and (2) constitute substantial and compelling reasons for departure. K.S.A. 21-4721(d).
"K.S.A. 21-4721(d)(1) requires an evidentiary test--are the facts stated by the sentencing court in justification of departure supported by the record? K.S.A. 21-4721(d)(2) requires a law test--are the reasons stated on the record for departure adequate to justify a sentence outside the presumptive sentence?" State v. Davis, 262 Kan. 711, 714, 941 P.2d 946 (1997).
The second question is "whether, as a whole, the factors are substantial and compelling reasons for imposing a departure sentence in light of the offense of conviction, the defendant's criminal history, and the purposes of the sentencing guidelines." State v. Grady, 258 Kan. 72, 89, 900 P.2d 227 (1995).
Bailey cites State v. Favela, 259 Kan. 215, 238, 911 P.2d 792 (1996), for the proposition that "[a]n upward departure based on nonstatutory aggravating factors is subject to greater scrutiny than a departure based on aggravating factors listed in the statute." This court quoted the following passage from the Court of Appeals' concurring and dissenting opinion in Favela:
"'Cases in which the sentencing court does not rely upon any statutory aggravating or mitigating factors to depart should be viewed with a stricter scrutiny. However, when the sentencing court relies upon statutory aggravating or mitigating factors to depart, these reasons should be given great deference by a reviewing court.' 21 Kan. App. 2d at 215." 259 Kan. at 238.
Although it did not expressly adopt this rule, the court's quoting the passage from the concurring and dissenting opinion would indicate agreement with it. In the present case, neither of the reasons given by the district court for imposing a departure sentence is a statutory factor. See K.S.A. 21-4716(b)(2).
Bailey contends that the first reason given by the trial court, that defendant created a danger of harm or death to more than one person in committing the crime, is not supported in the record. To some extent, whether the other people present were in danger can be deduced from their perceptions of threat or danger. There does not seem to be support in the record for finding that Franklin or Baker was endangered. Baker was one of the people present when Bailey shot Dunigan. She testified that she was afraid when Bailey pulled the gun out from under the sofa, but there is nothing in her testimony from which one could conclude that she was afraid for her own safety after Bailey pointed the gun at Dunigan. The prosecutor asked what was going through her mind and whether she was afraid when she saw that Bailey had shot Dunigan. Baker testified that Bailey said to get Dunigan out of there before he shot him again, and she was thinking that somebody should get Dunigan out of the apartment. Franklin picked Dunigan up under the arms and dragged him out the door. According to Baker, Bailey remained seated while Dunigan was being removed. In response to the question, "Were you scared he might hurt you?," Baker said, "No." She also testified that the only other person Bailey pointed the gun at was Jimmy Thomas. Thomas' statement suggested that his immediate fear gave way, upon reflection, to the conviction that he was never really in danger. According to Baker, Thomas ran out the door after the shooting and then Franklin took Dunigan out the door. When it was just Baker and Bailey left in the apartment, Bailey went to the bathroom. Baker remained. It reasonably can be inferred from Baker's testimony that Bailey went to the bathroom without the gun. She said, "Yeah, he came out of the bathroom, got the gun. He walked me to the corner. I went on home, and then he turned around, went back to where he stayed. I didn't see him no more then." Bailey carried the gun as he walked Baker to the corner.
The portions of the record that lend any support for a finding that defendant endangered more than one person are Detective Relph's account of what Thomas said to him, Baker's testimony that Bailey pointed the gun at Jimmy Thomas, and defendant's own theory of defense. The State suggests that Thomas' statement to Relph established that Thomas believed himself to be in danger, but examination of Relph's testimony reveals very little support. It was not until Relph had told the jury what Thomas said to him and had been cross-examined that he mentioned any threat to Thomas. Defense counsel wrapped up cross-examination with the question, "Doesn't he indicate to you, he said, 'I'll kill you, too'? Isn't that what Mr. Thomas said about Mr. Bailey?" Relph answered, "Yes, he said, 'I'll kill you, too.'" On redirect examination, Relph gave the following response to the question asking whether defendant threatened Thomas: "I think I asked him that. He doesn't recall ever being--the gun being pointed at him." Baker, however, testified that Bailey pointed the gun at Thomas. If Bailey was striking back at the people who had taken over his apartment for their drug operation, Jimmy Thomas would have been a target just as Dunigan was. As can be seen from the trial court's second reason for imposing a departure sentence, however, the trial court did not credit Bailey's defense. The trial court, instead, believed that Bailey was a willing and active participant in the drug operation. It would seem incongruous to find support for the first finding of the trial court in the defense theory, a portion of the record intentionally disregarded by the trial court. In particular, it would be inappropriate where, as here, the other finding of the trial court is based on its rejection of the defense theory. The trial court found that Bailey was involved in the operation of a crack house rather than being forced by thugs to let them sell drugs out of his house.
The quantum of support in the record is greater for the second finding than for the first. Willrich testified that her brother, Dunigan, and Bailey sold cocaine out of Bailey's apartment. She said that Jimmy Thomas provided the protection for their drug operation. When she was asked to whom Bailey and Dunigan sold cocaine, Willrich stated, "Several people that knocks on his door. If you rode down the street, you would see what was going on. It was no secret." She said that Bailey, Dunigan, and Thomas all worked for James McKinney, who supplied them with the drugs they sold out of Bailey's apartment. Willrich's testimony, combined with the evidence of Franklin and Baker going to defendant's apartment in the early morning hours confident that they would find the door open to them, would seem to satisfy the evidentiary requirement.
Even if it does satisfy the requirement, Bailey argues, the reason given by the trial court for departure is not adequate to justify a sentence outside the presumptive sentence. In the journal entry, the trial court made the following statement of the second reason for departure: "Crime committed during operation of illegal drug activity that affects the community." Bailey contends, however, that there is no evidence "that the shooting had anything to do with drug sales. The record shows the shooting was the result of an argument over cigarettes." The State does not rebut defendant's contention. The State simply reiterates that "the evidence indicated the offense was committed during the operation of a crack house." By the same logic, any crime that occurred within the four walls of Bailey's apartment would be "committed during the operation of a crack house" because the actual sale or use of drugs would not need to be occurring at the time in order for the prosecution to characterize the activities in that residence as "the operation of a crack house."
Bailey also argues that uncharged crimes should not be the basis for departure: "If the State chose not to prosecute on aggravated assault and sale of cocaine, it should not be allowed to bootstrap punishment for these offenses onto the sentence for the conviction at issue." The State argues that the departure was not due to Bailey's committing aggravated assault or selling cocaine. Instead, it was due to Bailey's creating a risk of danger to people other than the murder victim. It is generally accepted, however, that the reason we, as a society, prosecute and punish such conduct is because it creates a risk of danger to others.
In summary, Bailey's contention that the evidence of his endangering more than one person is too thin to support departure from the sentencing guidelines has merit. There is a more substantial evidentiary base for the trial court's second finding, the drug activities, but not that Bailey committed the murder while engaged in those activities, and thus it would not be a substantial and compelling reason for imposing a departure sentence for Dunigan's murder. By all accounts, Dunigan was a major player in the drug operation. The State's evidence tended to establish that Bailey's violent behavior was connected to his consuming alcohol, not drugs. Bailey, too, testified, "[O]nly drug I use is good booze." The nonstatutory reasons given by the trial court do not hold up well under strict scrutiny. In addition to looking at the factors "as a whole," this court is to view them "in light of the offense of conviction, the defendant's criminal history, and the purposes of the sentencing guidelines." Grady, 258 Kan. at 89. Bailey was charged with premeditated first-degree murder and convicted by the jury of intentional second-degree murder. He was 58 years old at the time of sentencing and had no prior felony convictions. The various purposes of the sentencing guidelines, which have been stated by this court--reserving incarceration for serious or violent offenders who present a threat to public safety and standardizing sentences--would seem to have no obvious bearing on this question.
"The appellate court may reverse or affirm the sentence. If the appellate court concludes that the trial court's factual findings are not supported by evidence in the record or do not establish substantial and compelling reasons for a departure, it shall remand the case to the trial court for resentencing." K.S.A. 21-4721(f).
Thus, pursuant to the statute, the sentence should be vacated and the case remanded to the trial court for resentencing.
The conviction is affirmed, the sentence is vacated, and the case is remanded for resentencing. | <urn:uuid:b07550b9-e81d-4b6e-a17a-ab88a9b66400> | 2013-05-24T01:51:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"I rode along a wide valley, surrounded by hills. Soon I saw Kars, standing out white on one of them. My Turk kept pointing it out to me, repeating '"Kars, Kars!'" and put his horse into a gallop. I followed him tormented by anxiety: it was in Kars that my fate would be decided."
Alexander Pushkin, "A Journey to Arzrum", 1829 | <urn:uuid:81ba7585-274b-46f5-93c8-5cd13b4c0381> | 2013-05-24T01:50:28Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Bus passengers complain after deputy verbally abuses and hits woman.
When Jermaine Green and his fiancee Violet Roberts got on a Metro bus in Bellflower, California Monday night they took notice of another passenger.
"The lady got on the bus with a stroller full of pillows, she was very polite, said hello to everyone and sat down," Green said.
At the next stop, two LA County sheriff's deputies, one male and one female, boarded the bus and called the passenger by name.
"They said get off the bus. She then started cursing at (the female deputy). You could tell she had special needs. After that they grab her, she curses him out, calls him a big shot, next thing you know he gives her a big shot," Green said.
Green captured the incident with his cell phone's video camera.
"It was like they were tired of dealing with her so they didn't try to talk to her or anything," Roberts said.
"I couldn't believe it. He seen me taping. He looked up at the camera a few times, and he still hit her like that, and I can't believe he didn't try to diffuse the situation at all," Green said.
Green recently returned home from serving six years in the Army, including tours of duty in Iraq and Afghanistan.
"In the Army they gave us extensive training for rules of engagement. There's proper protocols and steps you take. This lady didn't do anything, she wasn't combative and he actually turned combative on her," Green said.
Green claims the deputies then tried to intimidate him when he refused to hand over his cell phone.
"He comes to me and says you can be under arrest if you don't give me that video," Green said.
Green said the deputy then asked if he had any warrants.
"I said no, I'm a veteran, I just came back, I have six years, I have no record, and he said 'We'll see about that.'"
Why didn't Green want to hand over this video to the deputies involved?
"I think they would try to cover it up. I think a lot of things get covered up and people need to come forward if they see something, report it because it can't be fixed unless it's brought to the public's attention," Green said.
A sheriff's department spokesman said the department would not comment on this case and would not look at the videotape, but the spokesman said the department does investigate all use of force claims. | <urn:uuid:c183cf8e-2250-45bd-8369-01b3554ec30f> | 2013-05-24T01:59:55Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A tip led to an arrest Thursday in a holdup at a local convenience store during which the clerk was stabbed.
A 37-year-old man was in custody Thursday, charged in connection with a bizarre crime spree.
A man who ran and managed to elude authorities for more than a day after a local deputy was assaulted was in custody Thursday.
Police say an attorney from Mexico who was shot to death as he sat next to his wife in an SUV in the town square of an upscale Texas city was targeted.
Two people were taken to the hospital after a wreck that closed down part of I-35 Wednesday night.
A man killed as he attempted to rob a Texas couple had falsely-labeled anthrax containers with him when he died, police said. | <urn:uuid:d7c35ade-8f8b-4649-a6d5-f0befcc8306f> | 2013-05-24T01:58:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Boy burned after Blackberry bursts into flames
Family wants phone recalled in time for Christmas
An 11-year-old British boy suffered serious burns after his brother's Blackberry burst into flames.
Kian McCreath, 11, was sleeping when the Blackberry Curve 9320, which was charging, made a loud "pop" in the middle of the night and appeared to spontaneously combust, The Daily Telegraph reported.
His mother told WGN News she awoke to her son screaming about his legs being on fire.
She used his comforter to put out the flames, but Kian suffered serious burns and is now permanently scarred.
"It was just horrific," Sarah McCreath told the Telegraph. "He was in a lot of pain as his feet had pretty much been engulfed in flames. The bed was charred and the phone itself was just a blackened shell. It could have easily been much worse if he hadn't have woken up."
Kian's family is asking that the phone be recalled from stores in time for Christmas.
A spokesman for RIM, the company that owns Blackberry, said an investigation is a priority.
Distributed by Internet Broadcasting. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:ee1c0c64-f0de-4c2d-a95e-ab3f2ba50089> | 2013-05-24T01:54:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Glenn Beck's 'Obama in Pee Pee' rejected by eBay
Reports: Bids had topped $11,000
Conservative media personality Glenn Beck tried to sell a piece of artwork he called "Obama in Pee Pee" on eBay this week but the sale was rejected by the auction site, according to reports by NBCNews.com and U.S. News & World Report.
Beck said he created the piece, which featured a President Barack Obama toy submerged in a urine-colored liquid in jar, to exercise his First Amendment rights. He had been discussing a painting entitled "The Truth" which depicted President Barack Obama in a Christ-like pose with a crown of thorns.
Beck was given a letter from eBay on Wednesday saying the auction had been removed because it contained "bodily waste," NBCNews.com reported. Beck's website claimed the liquid was actually beer.
Bids on eBay had topped $11,000, NBCNews.com said. Beck said he would take bids by email instead. | <urn:uuid:1cf9e2e0-3fdc-4033-828e-1c8f0ae4dae3> | 2013-05-24T01:39:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Founded in 1992 by Princeton All-America Defenseman David Morrow, Warrior revolutionized the game of lacrosse with their very first product - the titanium lacrosse shaft. Since then, Warrior has led the industry by constantly bringing new technologies to the game. Warrior introduced the first curved lacrosse head and ventilated lacrosse gloves in 1994. Over the past 20 years, Warrior has expanded from just offering a few shafts, heads and gloves to now offering the widest selection of lacrosse equipment, lacrosse cleats, footwear and apparel in the game. Warrior Lacrosse also sponsors many current NCAA lacrosse teams as well as Major League Lacrosse, the sport's only outdoor professional lacrosse league. Warrior Lacrosse has used several inspirational 'tag-lines' throughout the years such as The Means to Dominate and Cross the Line. Warrior is the brand choice of MLL and Team USA players Drew Westervelt, Matt Danowski, Kyle Hartzell, Geoff Snider and Nicky Polanco. | <urn:uuid:eb467282-b8c5-447d-9dd6-b8507159d70c> | 2013-05-24T01:51:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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He stared at his feet for a long time. Finally, he said, "I rolled over to wake up my wife but she was already awake. She was on her side with her head propped up on her hand. Her other hand had a tape recorder in it. She pressed a button, and the sound stopped. 'That was you five minutes ago,' she said. 'Wanna hear it again? Wanna tell me that you don't snore?'
My patient offered a weak smile. "I guess I snore," he said. "I guess it can be kinda loud."
Snoring had obviously been a bone of contention between my patient and his wife. Her manner of ending their debate almost made me laugh. Almost.
Fifteen years ago, I would have laughed. For decades, the snoring of cartoon characters, Curly of The Three Stooges, Bulldogs, and great grandmothers was comedic fodder for countless knee-slappers. No longer. In 2012, snoring is not a laughing matter. Like great suntans, a couple of beers or a Margarita with lunch, and cigarette smoking, snoring is no longer acceptable. It's unhealthy. It's bad.
Fifteen years ago, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) was a diagnosis of which I was vaguely aware. Now, it is a diagnosis I make so often that I sometimes wonder if its absence is abnormal and its presence the norm. I write so many prescriptions for CPAP, the means of treating OSA, that I'm tempted to burn my Winston Churchill tie.
FULL DISCLOSURE: Yes, Sir Winston was a champion snorer. So was Abraham Lincoln, Queen Victoria, and Beethoven.
If it seems I have doubts about the validity of OSA as a diagnosis--I don't. I have seen its treatment turn tired, grouchy folks into alert, friendly, and much happier CPAP users.
OSA is a condition where the muscles of the throat and larynx allow the collapse of a patient's airway. As the patient tries to force air through this obstruction, the airway sometimes vibrates. The patient snores. Sometimes the airway becomes completely obstructed, and the patient stops breathing. This is apnea--the cessation of breathing.
The net effect of this condition is a reduction in air delivered to the lungs and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the blood. This decrease can be great enough to cause a gradual death of brain cells and weakening of heart muscle.
OSA generates a characteristic breathing pattern--snore, snore, snore, silence. This in turn often generates a characteristic response from wives or hunting buddies. "Breath, would you? Breathe .....BREATHE DAMMIT!"
OSA patients may claim they sleep well, but we know that they slip into consciousness every time they have an apneic episode. Thus, their sleep is ineffective. During the day, their sleep deprivation may cause episodes of microsleep. They spontaneously fall asleep for two or three minutes. Some patients are unaware of these events.
I had a lung doctor tell me that OSA was like placing a plastic bag over a patient's head and briefly suffocating him--twenty or thirty times a night.
The symptoms associated with OSA are sleepiness during the day, constant fatigue, congestive heart failure, headaches, irregular heart rates, depression, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, irritability, and fits of anger. It is no longer considered to be a disease limited to men. There have been recent studies suggesting OSA is a significant risk factor for pregnant women.
CPAP, constant positive airway pressure, is the most common means of treating OSA. CPAP utilizes a pump that forces air or oxygen through a mask or "nasal pillow" into patients' airways. This keeps the airway open and eliminates the periods of decreased oxygen in their bloodstreams.
Early on, CPAP pumps were bulky, cumbersome, and very loud. It was not uncommon for someone with OSA to end up sleeping in the guest room. Spouses simply could not tolerate "sleeping next to the engine of a 747." It was also not uncommon for OSA suffers to give up CPAP so they could sleep in their own beds. "I'd rather be blue because I'm suffocating," one of them told me, "than blue because I'm lonely."
That is no longer a problem. The current CPAP devices are no larger than a small fish tank pump. They are almost silent. Many of the newer units are battery powered. This allows their use on camping trips.
CPAP masks have also become patient friendly. Constrictive, confining, claustrophobia engendering masks that looked like props from "The Adventures of Rip Ringle ... Space Cadet!" have been replaced by comfortable nasal "pillows" made of hypoallergenic substances.
I've no doubt that Winston Churchill had OSA. He was an overweight alcoholic with a shortened Celtic nose who lit one of his cigars upon awakening and smoked as many as ten before retiring. These are all risk factors for the condition. I've also no doubt that Sir Winston would have ignored entreaties that he use CPAP or alter any of these health hazards.
I know this because his personal aide recalled an instance where Churchill's physician rather aggressively demanded that he give up either his cigars or his brandy. Sir Winston blew out a cloud of cigar smoke, looked at the physician, turned to the aide, and asked, "Where is that list of personal physicians whom I've outlived?"
Lest we forget, strength of character and investment in the process of living are powerful forces. Winston Churchill died at the age of 90.
I'll not burn that tie.
Dr. Waggoner is a family practice specialist with Weisbrod Memorial Hospital and sees patients in Wiley and Eads Colo.. His column appears on Fridays in The Lamar Ledger. | <urn:uuid:614977f6-b3c1-43a3-b394-c3b739886ab9> | 2013-05-24T01:50:28Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Mark Lasky was an artist witht he United Feature Syndicate. He graduated from the University of Bridgeport and also studied at the Art Students League of New York. He has worked as a scriptwriter on comic books like 'Underdog', 'Mighty Mouse', and 'Bullwinkle', and worked on other comic strips like 'Peanuts', 'Miss Peach' and 'Momma'.
He was an editor on Ernie Bushmiller's 'Nancy' for several years. He succeeded Bushmiller as the artist and writer of the strip in August 1982. In addition to 'Nancy', he produced a syndicated panel, 'Antennas'. Unfortunately, Lasky died from cancer a year after taking over 'Nancy', at the age of just 29. | <urn:uuid:b173e088-f436-432a-90de-574b50536c2d> | 2013-05-24T01:31:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Rural.fi website is a website for rural Finland and a window into rural development in this unique country. It features key organisations working in rural development, and provides information about work being done to maintain the vitality of the Finnish countryside.
This work is based on two parallel programmes: the Rural Development Programme for Mainland Finland and the Rural Development Programme for the Åland Islands. The programme for the mainland is run by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, who also run the Rural.fi website. The programme for Åland is administered by the Åland's autonomous regional government.
These wide-ranging programmes provide a variety of tools that can be used by all kinds of stakeholders to promote rural development. This work involves farmers, rural enterprises, rural residents and their organisations, as well as Leader Local Action Groups (LAGs) and ultimately everyone interested in the future of the Finnish countryside.
Rural development work is based on the principle that the well-being of rural Finland is vital and beneficial for the whole country. | <urn:uuid:39a4c597-641a-458f-9f77-b87a52833790> | 2013-05-24T02:05:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Phi-Alpha Honor Society
"Through knowledge - the challenge to serve"
The Social Work Department at La Sierra University is proud to sponsor the Iota Theta Chapter of the Phi Alpha Honor Society, a national honor society for outstanding social work students. The honor society states its purpose as to "provide a closer bond among students of social work and promote humanitarian goals and ideals. Phi Alpha fosters high standards of education for social workers and invites into membership, those who have attained excellence in scholarship and achievement in social work." Eligibility for membership is based on meeting the following national requirements:
a. Declared social work as a major
b. Achieved sophomore status
c. Completed 12-quarter hours of required social work courses
d. Achieved an overall grade point average of 3.0 (on a 4.0 scale)
e. Achieved a 3.25 grade point average in required social work courses.
Social work students who meet the above criteria are invited into membership at an induction ceremony held annually in April. Honor society members are eligible to wear a medallion at graduation to signify this academic achievement
Pictured left to right top row.
Joseph Treadwell, Stephanie Johnson, Dina Aguilar, Kanako Miyata, Deborah Howard
Melinda Powell, Kim Anaya, Vincent Tamayo, Stephanie Martinez, Dane Beckford | <urn:uuid:bd9e7b6c-ae16-4636-9b9e-819f6bc9363f> | 2013-05-24T01:33:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Published Friday, June 27, 2008 | 5:13 p.m.
Updated Tuesday, Oct. 28, 2008 | 10:15 a.m.
New information about the arrest of Clark County Senior Family Service Specialist Deborah Ann Edmonston has surfaced - though there are still several questions to be answered.
Edmonston, who was charged with two counts of battery with a deadly weapon related to domestic violence, child endangerment and malicious destruction of private property, was driving her 14-year-old daughter to her father's house and pulled the girl by her hair back into the car when she tried to get out, according to an arrest report.
Back in the car, Edmonston steered her own pickup truck directly next to her the girl's father, so that the rear-view mirrors of the cars were touching, and the 14 year old could only barely squeeze out of her mother's car. When she was out, and wedged between the two cars, Edmonston reportedly began pulling forward, "endangering (the teen) by pushing her body with the door frame and making her afraid of being crushed between the vehicles," the arrest report said.
The teenager got into the passenger seat of her father's car, and the parents reportedly exchanged angry words. Then Edmonston drove her truck into the father's car and chased him as he sped away. He called the police, and she apparently gave up chase. | <urn:uuid:1e4f0c9b-a49e-44af-9bc9-da5e7e590b1b> | 2013-05-24T01:59:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Holy Bible - The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans, Chapter 2 (Latin)
aus Latein Wiki, der freien Wissensdatenbank
1Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.
2But we are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things.
3And thinkest thou this, O man, that judgest them which do such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?
4Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance?
5But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God;
6Who will render to every man according to his deeds:
7To them who by patient continuance in well doing seek for glory and honour and immortality, eternal life:
8But unto them that are contentious, and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, indignation and wrath,
9Tribulation and anguish, upon every soul of man that doeth evil, of the Jew first, and also of the Gentile;
10But glory, honour, and peace, to every man that worketh good, to the Jew first, and also to the Gentile:
11For there is no respect of persons with God.
12For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law: and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law;
13(For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified.
14For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves:
15Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another;)
16In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ according to my gospel.
17Behold, thou art called a Jew, and restest in the law, and makest thy boast of God,
18And knowest his will, and approvest the things that are more excellent, being instructed out of the law;
19And art confident that thou thyself art a guide of the blind, a light of them which are in darkness,
20An instructor of the foolish, a teacher of babes, which hast the form of knowledge and of the truth in the law.
21Thou therefore which teachest another, teachest thou not thyself? thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou steal?
22Thou that sayest a man should not commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou commit sacrilege?
23Thou that makest thy boast of the law, through breaking the law dishonourest thou God?
24For the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles through you, as it is written.
25For circumcision verily profiteth, if thou keep the law: but if thou be a breaker of the law, thy circumcision is made uncircumcision.
26Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the righteousness of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision?
27And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the law?
28For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:
29But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God.
1propter quod inexcusabilis es o homo omnis qui iudicas in quo enim iudicas alterum te ipsum condemnas eadem enim agis qui iudicas
2scimus enim quoniam iudicium Dei est secundum veritatem in eos qui talia agunt
3existimas autem hoc o homo qui iudicas eos qui talia agunt et facis ea quia tu effugies iudicium Dei
4an divitias bonitatis eius et patientiae et longanimitatis contemnis ignorans quoniam benignitas Dei ad paenitentiam te adducit
5secundum duritiam autem tuam et inpaenitens cor thesaurizas tibi iram in die irae et revelationis iusti iudicii Dei
6qui reddet unicuique secundum opera eius
7his quidem qui secundum patientiam boni operis gloriam et honorem et incorruptionem quaerentibus vitam aeternam
8his autem qui ex contentione et qui non adquiescunt veritati credunt autem iniquitati ira et indignatio
9tribulatio et angustia in omnem animam hominis operantis malum Iudaei primum et Graeci
10gloria autem et honor et pax omni operanti bonum Iudaeo primum et Graeco
11non est enim personarum acceptio apud Deum
12quicumque enim sine lege peccaverunt sine lege et peribunt et quicumque in lege peccaverunt per legem iudicabuntur
13non enim auditores legis iusti sunt apud Deum sed factores legis iustificabuntur
14cum enim gentes quae legem non habent naturaliter quae legis sunt faciunt eiusmodi legem non habentes ipsi sibi sunt lex
15qui ostendunt opus legis scriptum in cordibus suis testimonium reddente illis conscientia ipsorum et inter se invicem cogitationum accusantium aut etiam defendentium
16in die cum iudicabit Deus occulta hominum secundum evangelium meum per Iesum Christum
17si autem tu Iudaeus cognominaris et requiescis in lege et gloriaris in Deo
18et nosti voluntatem et probas utiliora instructus per legem
19confidis te ipsum ducem esse caecorum lumen eorum qui in tenebris sunt
20eruditorem insipientium magistrum infantium habentem formam scientiae et veritatis in lege
21qui ergo alium doces te ipsum non doces qui praedicas non furandum furaris
22qui dicis non moechandum moecharis qui abominaris idola sacrilegium facis
23qui in lege gloriaris per praevaricationem legis Deum inhonoras
24nomen enim Dei per vos blasphematur inter gentes sicut scriptum est
25circumcisio quidem prodest si legem observes si autem praevaricator legis sis circumcisio tua praeputium facta est
26si igitur praeputium iustitias legis custodiat nonne praeputium illius in circumcisionem reputabitur
27et iudicabit quod ex natura est praeputium legem consummans te qui per litteram et circumcisionem praevaricator legis es
28non enim qui in manifesto Iudaeus est neque quae in manifesto in carne circumcisio
29sed qui in abscondito Iudaeus et circumcisio cordis in spiritu non littera cuius laus non ex hominibus sed ex Deo est | <urn:uuid:15d7d715-f042-4bba-bff3-57b4b93dd9dd> | 2013-05-24T01:58:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BALTIMORE, , v. WILLIAM H. STAAKE, Trustee.
202 U.S. 141 (26 S.Ct. 580, 50 L.Ed. 967)
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BALTIMORE, Petitioner, v. WILLIAM H. STAAKE, Trustee.
Argued: March 15, 16, 1906.
Decided: April 30, 1906.
- opinion, Brown [HTML]
Messrs. This writ of certiorari was allowed to review an order of the circuit court of appeals, affirming a decree of the district court in favor of Staake, as trustee in bankruptcy of the estate of Chester R. Baird, bankrupt, subrogating him to the rights of certain creditors, and authorizing him to enforce their attachment liens with like force and effect as the attaching creditorsone of which was the First National Bank of Baltimoremight have done had not the bankruptcy proceedings intervened.
The facts of the case are substantially as follows: Chester R. Baird, doing business under the name of C. R. Baird & Company, and owning certain real estate in Virginia known as the West End Furnace Company, sold the same, December 7, 1899, to the Roanoke Furnace Company, subject to certain encumbrances, executed a contract in writing, and received from the furnace company the entire consideration, namely, $500,000, in the capital stock of the furnace company. Under this contract of sale the furnace company took immediate possession, but no deed to the company was made until November 5, 1900, when a deed was executed and recorded.
Meantime, however, and on October 26, 1900, nine different attachments, among them one by the petitioning bank, were sued out of the hustings court for the city of Roanoke, amounting to over $40,000, against Baird as a nonresident, and were levied upon the furnace property. Under the provisions of the law of Virginia the attachments, having been levied before the deed of the furnace property had been executed and recorded, the attaching creditors acquired, as against Baird and the furnace company, a lien on the properties attached.
Within four months after the levy of the attachments, namely, December 24, 1900, Baird was adjudicated a bankrupt in the district court for the eastern district of Pennsylvania, and on January 2, 1901, the district court for the western district of Virginia assumed ancillary jurisdiction of such property as was located in Virginia. On December 29, 1900, the Roanoke Furnace Company was also adjudicated a bankrupt. On March 26, 1901, Staake was appointed trustee of Baird's estate, and on June 29, 1901, John M. N. Shimer was appointed trustee of the Roanoke Furnace Company.
It was further agreed that the deed of November 5, 1900, from Baird to the Roanoke Furnace Company, was a valid conveyance to a purchaser in good faith for a then fair consideration, and was not affected by the bankruptcy proceedings.
The proceedings in question here were instituted by a petition filed by Staake, entitled both in the cases of Chester R. Baird and the Roanoke Furnace Company, averring that under the laws of Virginia the rights of the attaching creditors were superior to those of the furnace company, and that as to them the property attached was the property of Baird; but that, by reason of his insolvency and of the fact that these attachments had been levied within four months preceding the filing of the petition in bankruptcy, such attachments were null and void, unless the court should order them preserved for the benefit of the estate. He therefore prayed that they be decreed null and void as regards plaintiffs, but that they be preserved for the benefit of petitioner.
The bank demurred to this petition, and also answered, denying that its attachment was null and void, and also denying the right of the court to enter an order preserving the attachment for the benefit of the petitioner; and alleging that respondent is entitled to the benefit of the attachment, said property when sold by an interlocutory order having realized enough to pay said attachment, as well as all prior liens.
Shimer, trustee for the Roanoke Furnace Company, also answered, praying that, if the attachment be continued for the trustee of Baird, the petitioner should be required to abate a large claim which he filed against the estate of the Roanoke company, by the amount of said attachments.
Upon a hearing before the district court, that court overruled the demurrer to Staake's petition, and authorized him to enforce the attachment liens for the benefit of the estate. 126 Fed. 845. The court of appeals affirmed this action (66 C. C. A. 547, 133 Fed. 717), and the bank petitioned this court for a writ of certiorari, which was granted.
S. Hamilton Graves, William Gordon Robertson, Holmes Conrad, E. W. Robertson, and Abram P. Staples for petitioner.
Messrs. Arthur G. Dickson, John Dickey, Jr., S. Griffin, M. Griffin, and H. Gordon McCouch for respondent.
Statement by Mr. Justice Brown:
Mr. Justice Brown delivered the opinion of the court:
At the time these attachments were levied, the title to the property in question stood in the name of Baird, and the attaching creditors, by their levies, secured a preferential lien upon the property, not only as against Baird, but also as against the furnace company, which received a deed to the property November 5, 1900, after the attachments had been levied. These attachments, however, were annulled by the filing of a petition in bankruptcy against Baird within four months after the attachments were levied, and if the case stood upon this fact alone there could be no doubt that the property would pass to the trustee of the furnace company, discharged of the lien of the attachments. We are not concerned here with any conflicting rights of the two trustees, Staake and Shimer, since they were both appointed receivers of the Roanoke Furnace Company, and the only claim made by Shimer now is that, if the attachments be continued, the petitioner Staake be required to abate his claim against the estate of the furnace company by the amount of these attachments. It is therefore unnecessary to consider whether, if the attachments were annulled, the property would pass unencumbered to the trustee of the furnace company, since, as stated by the district judge, the demurrer to the petition is intended merely to raise the question whether the trustee of Baird's estate or the attaching creditors shall have the benefit of the attachments.
This depends upon the peculiar terms of § 67 of the bankrupt act, which provides as follows:
'Sec. 67f. That all levies, judgments, attachmants, or other liens obtained through legal proceedings against a person who is insolvent, at any time within four months prior to the filing of a petition in bankruptcy against him, shall be deemed null and void in case he is adjudged a bankrupt, and the property affected by the levy, judgment, attachment, or other lien shall be deemed wholly discharged and released from the same, and shall pass to the trustee as a part of the estate of the bankrupt, unless the court shall, on due notice, order that the right under such levy, judgment, attachment, or other lien shall be preserved for the benefit of the estate; and thereupon the same may pass to and shall be preserved by the trustee for the benefit of the estate as aforesaid. And the court may order such conveyance as shall be necessary to carry the purposes of this section into effect: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall have the effect to destroy or impair the title obtained by such levy, judgment, attachment, or other lien, of a bona fide purchaser for value who shall have acquired the same without notice or reasonable cause for inquiry.'
Section 67c, which also treats of liens created by attachments on mesne process, and provides for their dissolution, in the last clause declares that'if the dissolution of such lien would militate against the best interests of the estate of such person, the same shall not be dissolved, but the trustee of the estate of such person, for the benefit of the state, shall be subrogated to the rights of the holder of such lien, and empowered to perfect and enforce the same in his name as trustee, with like force and effect as such holder might have done had not bankruptcy proceedings intervened.' 30 Stat. at L. 564, 565, chap. 541, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, pp. 3449, 3450.
This section (67f) makes two distinct provisions for the disposition of the property of an insolvent attached within four months prior to the filing of a petition in bankruptcy against him. First, such attachments shall be declared null and void, and the property affected shall be deemed released, and shall pass to the trustee of the estate of the bankrupt; or second, the court may order that the right acquired by the attachment shall be preserved for the benefit of the estate. In the first case the whole property passes free from the attachment. In the second, so much of the value of the property attached as is represented by the attachments passes to the trustee for the benefit of the entire body of creditors; that is, 'for the benefit of the estate,'in other words, the statute recognizes the lien of the attachment, but distributes the lien among the whole body of creditors.
The first provision contemplates the attachment of property to which the bankrupt has the complete, legal, and equitable title, which, as soon as the attachment is dissolved, passes at once to the bankrupt's trustee as part of his estate. The second provision evidently does not apply to this, as there is no object in preserving the lien of the attachment for the benefit of the estate, since, under the first clause, the entire value of the property attached passes to the trustee, free from the attachment. The second clause contemplates property in which the bankrupt has an interest which has been secured to attaching creditors by the levy of the writ, but which might have passed to another person, as, for instance, a purchaser under an unrecorded deed, but for the fact that the attaching creditors had acquired a prior lien thereon. In such case the statute recognizes the validity of the lien, but preserves it for the benefit of the entire body of creditors, by reason of the fact that the attachment was dissolved as a preferential lien in favor of the attaching creditors, by the institution of proceedings in bankruptcy.
In the present case Baird had contracted to convey the property to the Roanoke Furnace Company, possession had been taken, and the consideration paid, but the deed was not actually executed and recorded until after the attachment had been levied. Hence, under the Virginia statute, the validity of which is not questioned, the lien of the attachment took precedence of the deed, and would have remained a prior lien, had it not been for the institution of the bankruptcy proceedings within four months. This dissolved the attachment, and, had the case rested here, the property would have apparently passed to the furnace company, or to its trustee in bankruptcy, Shimer; but at this point the court, under the second proviso of § 67f, interposed and recognized the lien of the attachment; not, however solely for the benefit of the attaching creditors, but for the benefit of Baird's estate. Shimer made no objection, and the court declined to express an opinion as to his rights.
This is one of the very contingencies provided for by the second clause of the section, which apparently vests in the court a certain discretion with regard to the preservation of the right acquired under the attachment or other lien. In this case the court recognized the validity of the lien, the trustee of the furnace company making no objection to this; but the attaching creditors imsist that, as the lien was acquired for their own benefit, they should not be required to share with the general creditors of Baird's estate.
Their argument is based upon the theory that the second clause was not intended to apply to liens acquired upon the estate of third parties, but to property which would have passed to Baird's trustee had the attachment not been levied. In other words, that the bankruptcy court has nothing to do with the property, since it really did not belong to the bankrupt, and would have passed to his vendee if the attachments had not been levied upon it. Indeed, the opinion especially finds that 'had valid attachments not been levied, the property would have passed to the trustee of the Roanoke Furnace Company.'
To what extent liens obtained by prior judicial proceedings shall be recognized is a matter wholly within the discretion of Congress. It might have validated all such liens, even though obtained the day before proceedings were instituted. It might probably have invalidated all such liens whenever obtained. It took a middle course, and invalidated all liens obtained through legal proceedings within four months prior to the filing of the petition, but at the same time preserved to the general body of creditors, as against third parties (such as purchasers under an unrecorded deed), such liens as attaching creditors had secured upon property which would have passed to the subsequent purchaser in case the attachment had not been levied. It is true that the attaching creditors are thereby deprived of the fruits of their diligence, but the same thing would have happened had the attachment been levied upon property to which the bankrupt had the whole and undisputed title, or of which he had made a fraudulent conveyance. As remarked by the district judge, 'In cases where the bankrupt makes a valid conveyance, or where his fraudulent vendee makes a valid conveyance, the purpose of the law is worked out by preserving and enforcing the liens of the attaching creditors for the pro rata benefit of all the creditors.' 126 Fed. 847.
Section 67f is merely carrying out the general purposes of the act, of securing to the creditors the entire property of the bankrupt, reckoning as part of such property liens obtained by attaching creditors against real estate which had been transferred to another, though no deed had been actually executed and recorded.
The argument that § 67f in question here refers only to liens upon property which, if such liens were annulled, would pass to the trustee of the bankrupt, we think is unsound, since that contingency is amply provided for by the prior clause of the section annuling all such liens and providing that property affected thereby shall pass to the trustee as a part of the estate. Under the argument of the attaching creditors in this case, the subsequent clause would be entirely unnecessary. This clause evidently contemplates that attaching creditors may acquire liens upon property which would not pass to the bankrupt if the liens were absolutely annulled, and therefore recognizes such liens, but extends their operation to the general creditors. Had no proceedings in bankruptcy been taken, doubtless this property would have been sold for the benefit of the attaching creditors.
The general rule relied upon by the bank in this case, that the words 'property of the bankrupt' mean only the property to which the bankrupt is beneficially entitled, and do not include property to which he has only a bare legal title, is perhaps justified by our decision in Hewit v. Berlin Mach. Works, 194 U. S. 296, 48 L. ed. 986, 24 Sup. Ct. Rep. 690. But the extent to which the bankruptcy court shall recognize the rights obtained by creditors upon property attached as the property of the bankrupt, though in fact such property had been conveyed by an unrecorded contract, is a matter solely within the discretion of Congress. The liens acquired in this case were liens upon property which, as to attaching creditors, was the property of the bankrupt, and Congress may lawfully insist that it shall be reckoned as a part of his estate, and pass to the trustee. As remarked by the court of appeals: 'The rule that the trustee takes the estate of the bankrupt in the same plight as the bankrupt held it is not applicable to liens which, although valid as to the bankrupt, are invalid as to creditors.' 66 C. C. A. 550, 133 Fed. 720.
If the interest of Baird in this property were sold solely for the benefit of the attaching creditors, it would obviously result in a preference to those creditors over the general creditors of his estate, and in fraud of the bankruptcy act, which is designed to secure equality among all creditors.
The judgment of the Court of Appeals is affirmed.
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Indeed, Jackass, a very nice name, like yours and mine,
Indeed, K 9!Terrorists, serial killers, and mass murderers can be phenomenologically described as narcissists in a constant state of deficient narcissistic supply. The "grandiosity gap" - the painful and narcissistically injurious gap between their grandiose fantasies and their dreary and humiliating reality - becomes emotionally insupportable. They decompensate and act out. They bring "down to their level" (by destroying it) the object of their pathological envy, the cause of their seething frustration, the symbol of their dull achievements, always incommensurate with their inflated self-image. They seek omnipotence through murder, control (not least self control) through violence, prestige, fame and celebrity by defying figures of authorities, challenging them, and humbling them. Unbeknownst to them, they seek self punishment. They are at heart suicidal. They aim to cast themselves as victims by forcing others to punish them. This is called "projective identification". They attribute evil and corruption to their enemies and foes. These forms of paranoia are called projection and splitting. These are all primitive, infantile, and often persecutory, defence mechanisms. When coupled with narcissism - the inability to empathize, the exploitativeness, the sense of entitlement, the rages, the dehumanization and devaluation of others - this mindset yields abysmal contempt for the narcissist's victims. The overriding emotion of terrorists and serial killers, the amalgam and culmination of their tortured psyche - is deep seated disdain for everything human, the flip side of envy. It is cognitive dissonance gone amok. On the one hand the terrorist, or serial killer derides as "false", "meaningless", "dangerous", and "corrupt" common values, institutions, human intercourse, and society. On the other hand, he devotes his entire life (and often risks it) to the elimination and pulverization of these "insignificant" entities. To justify this apparent contradiction, the mass murderer casts himself as an altruistic savior of a group of people "endangered" by his foes. He is always self-appointed and self-proclaimed, rarely elected. The serial killer and the mass murderer rationalize and intellectualize their murders by purporting to "liberate" or "deliver" the victims from a fate worse than death. The global reach, the secrecy, the impotence, and growing panic of his victims, of the public, and of his pursuers, the damage he wreaks - all serve as external ego functions. The terrorist cut pasted and serial killer regulate their sense of self esteem and self worth by feeding slavishly on the reactions to their heinous deeds. Their cosmic significance is daily sustained by newspaper headlines, ever increasing bounties, admiring copycats, successful acts of blackmail, the strength and size of their opponents, and the devastation of human life and property. Appeasement works only to aggravate their drives and strengthen their appetites by emboldening them and by raising the threshold of excitation and "narcissistic supply". Terrorists and killers are addicted to this drug of being acknowledged and reflected. They derive their sense of existence, parasitically, from the reactions of their (often captive) audience.Erich Fromm suggested that both Hitler and Stalin were narcissistic mass murderers. Hitler and Nazism are often portrayed as an apocalyptic and seismic break with European history. Yet the truth is that they were the culmination and reification of European history in the 19th century. Europe's annals of colonialism have prepared it for the range of phenomena associated with the Nazi regime - from industrial murder to racial theories, from slave labour to the forcible annexation of territory.Germany was a colonial power no different to murderous Belgium or Britain. What set it apart is that it directed its colonial attentions at the heartland of Europe - rather than at Africa or Asia. Both World Wars were colonial wars fought on European soil. Moreover, Nazi Germany innovated by applying prevailing racial theories (usually reserved to non-whites) to the white race itself. It started with the Jews - a non-controversial proposition - but then expanded them to include "east European" whites, such as the Poles and the Russians. Germany was not alone in its malignant nationalism. The far right in France was as pernicious. Nazism - and Fascism - were world ideologies, adopted enthusiastically in places as diverse as Iraq, Egypt, Norway, Latin America, and Britain. At the end of the 1930's, liberal capitalism, communism, and fascism (and its mutations) were locked in mortal battle of ideologies. Hitler's mistake was to delusionally believe in the affinity between capitalism and Nazism - an affinity enhanced, to his mind, by Germany's corporatism and by the existence of a common enemy: global communism.Colonialism always had discernible religious overtones and often collaborated with missionary religion. "The White Man's burden" of civilizing the "savages" was widely perceived as ordained by God. The church was the extension of the colonial power's army and trading companies. It is no wonder that Hitler's lebensraum colonial movement - Nazism - possessed all the hallmarks of an institutional religion: priesthood, rites, rituals, temples, worship, catechism, mythology. Hitler was this religion's ascetic saint. He monastically denied himself earthly pleasures (or so he claimed) in order to be able to dedicate himself fully to his calling. Hitler was a monstrously inverted Jesus, sacrificing his life and denying himself so that (Aryan) humanity should benefit. By surpassing and suppressing his humanity, Hitler became a distorted version of Nietzsche's "superman".But being a-human or super-human also means being a-sexual and a-moral. In this restricted sense, Hitler was a post-modernist and a moral relativist. He projected to the masses an androgynous figure and enhanced it by fostering the adoration of nudity and all things "natural". But what Nazism referred to as "nature" was not natural at all. It was an aesthetic of decadence and evil (though it was not perceived this way by the Nazis), carefully orchestrated, and artificial. Nazism was about reproduced copies, not about originals. It was about the manipulation of symbols - not about veritable atavism.In short: Nazism was about theatre, not about life. To enjoy the spectacle (and be subsumed by it), Nazism demanded the suspension of judgment, depersonalization, and de-realization. Catharsis was tantamount, in Nazi dramaturgy, to self-annulment. Nazism was nihilistic not only operationally, or ideologically. Its very language and narratives were nihilistic. Nazism was conspicuous nihilism - and Hitler served as a role model, annihilating Hitler the Man, only to re-appear as Hitler the stychia.What was the role of the Jews in all this? Nazism posed as a rebellion against the "old ways" - against the hegemonic culture, the upper classes, the established religions, the superpowers, the European order. The Nazis borrowed the Leninist vocabulary and assimilated it effectively. Hitler and the Nazis were an adolescent movement, a reaction to narcissistic injuries inflicted upon a narcissistic (and rather psychopathic) toddler nation-state. Hitler himself was a malignant narcissist, as Fromm correctly noted. The Jews constituted a perfect, easily identifiable, reification of all that was "wrong" with Europe. They were an old nation, they were eerily disembodied (without a territory), they were cosmopolitan, they were part of the establishment, they were "decadent", they were hated on religious and socio-economic grounds (see Goldhagen's "Hitler's Willing Executioners"), they were different, they were narcissistic (felt and acted as morally superior), they were everywhere, they were defenseless, they were credulous, they were adaptable (and thus could be co-opted to collaborate in their own destruction). They were the perfect hated father figure and parricide was in fashion.This is precisely the source of the fascination with Hitler. He was an inverted human. His unconscious was his conscious. He acted out our most repressed drives, fantasies, and wishes. He provides us with a glimpse of the horrors that lie beneath the veneer, the barbarians at our personal gates, and what it was like before we invented civilization. Hitler forced us all through a time warp and many did not emerge. He was not the devil. He was one of us. He was what Arendt aptly called the banality of evil. Just an ordinary, mentally disturbed, failure, a member of a mentally disturbed and failing nation, who lived through disturbed and failing times. He was the perfect mirror, a channel, a voice, and the very depth of our souls.
It is said that Sisyphus, being near to death, rashly wanted to test his wife's love. He ordered her to cast his unburied body into the middle of the public square. Sisyphus woke up in the underworld. And there, annoyed by an obedience so contrary to human love, he obtained from Pluto permission to return to earth in order to chastise his wife. But when he had seen again the face of this world, enjoyed water and sun, warm stones and the sea, he no longer wanted to go back to the infernal darkness. Recall, signs of anger, warnings were to no avail. Many years he lived facing the curve of the gulf, the sparkling see, and the smiles of the earth. A decree of the gods was necessary. Mercury came and seized the impudent man by the collar and, snatching him from his joys, led him forcibly back to the underworld, where his rock was ready for him.You have already grasped that Sisyphus is the absurd hero. He is, as much through his passion as through his torture. His scorn of the gods, his hatred of death, and his passion for life won him that unspeakable penalty in which the whole being is exerted towards accomplishing nothing. That is the price that must be paid for the passions of this earth.. Nothing is told us about Sisyphus in the underworld. Myths are made for the imagination to breathe life into them. As for this myth, one sees merely the whole effort of a body straining to raise a large stone, to roll it and push it up a slope a hundred times over; one sees the face screwed up, the cheek tight against the stone, the shoulder bracing the clay-covered mass, the foot wedging it, the fresh start with arms outstretched, the wholly human security of two earth-clotted hands. At the very end of his long effort measured by skyless space and time without depth, the purpose is achieved. Then Sisyphus watches the stone rush down in a few moments toward that lower world whence he will have to push it up again toward the summit. He goes back down to the plain. It is during that return, that pause, that Sisyphus interests me. A face that toils so close to stones is already stone itself! I see that man going back down with a heavy yet measured step towards the torment to which he will never know the end. That hour like a breathing-space which returns as surely as his suffering, that is the hour of consciousness. At each of those moments when he leaves the heights and gradually sinks towards the lairs of the gods, he is superior to his fate. He is stronger than his rock. If this myth is tragic, that is because its hero is conscious. Where would his torture be, indeed, if at every step the hope of succeeding upheld him? The workman of today works every day of his life at the same tasks, and his fate is no less absurd. But is tragic only at the rare moments when it becomes conscious. Sisyphus, proletarian of the gods, powerless and rebellious, knows the whole extent of his wretched condition: it is of what he thinks of during his descent. The lucidity that was to constitute his torture at the same time crowns his victory. There is no fate that cannot be surmounted by scorn.
Camus develops the idea of the "absurd man", the man who is periodically conscious of the ultimate futility of life. The lingering memory of this realization forms a basis for perception without the unjustified infusion of meaning. Camus presents Sisyphus's ceaseless and pointless toil as a metaphor for modern lives spent working at futile jobs in factories and offices. "The workman of today works every day in his life at the same tasks, and this fate is no less absurd. But it is tragic only at the rare moments when it becomes conscious."
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Superior Court Judge Michael Silverstein gave the Legion until Feb. 15 to ask the state Supreme Court to intervene in the tug-of-war over the records, which are from a lawsuit filed by a woman contesting the will of a wealthy aunt who left the Legion $60 million.
The judge had ruled on Wednesday that the public had a right to access the documents despite concerns from the Legion's attorney, Joseph Avanzato, that they could taint a future jury. Avanzato, in asking the judge to stay his ruling, said Friday that it would be wrong to release the documents before the Legion had an opportunity to appeal the decision that unsealed them.
"The Legion has a right of appeal here, which would be destroyed if there is no stay," Avanzato said.
The Associated Press, The New York Times, The Providence Journal and the National Catholic Reporter had asked the judge to unseal the documents, saying they could shed light on the Legion's operations and there was no justification to seal them. The media organizations' attorney, Joseph Cavanagh, asked the judge not to grant the delay.
"He (Avanzato) keeps arguing that once the cat is out of the bag, they're done," Cavanagh said. "Let it out."
The Legion, founded in Mexico City in 1941, calls
The Legion, which has facilities in Rhode Island, has faced other complaints, including one from a Connecticut man who claims to be Maciel's son. Another Connecticut man has alleged the Legion used predatory means to persuade his ailing father to hand over hundreds of thousands of dollars, but the Legion says it doesn't pressure anyone to make a contribution.
The wealthy aunt whose will is the focus of the current case, Gabrielle Mee, a widow, died in 2008. Mee's niece Mary Lou Dauray had sought to challenge her will, saying Mee had been defrauded by the Legion into leaving it her fortune. The judge last year threw out the challenge because he determined the niece lacked standing, and her attorney plans to appeal.
Dauray's attorney, Bernard Jackvony, also had sought the documents' release. He said the documents, compiled in the course of the lawsuit and sealed by a probate court judge in 2009, contain information about the Legion that isn't known by the public. | <urn:uuid:0823b6ff-3702-4708-b6c9-a0d88f524e63> | 2013-05-24T01:52:06Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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02206_000_006When my testimony of eternal families began to waver, I sought answers in the temple.
I love the message in the hymn “Families Can Be Together Forever,” and yet following the untimely death of my husband, I found my testimony of eternal families wavering. I needed to find out for myself if what I had grown up believing was really true.
I made my search a matter of prayer, but I did not receive an answer right away. Eventually, I decided to attend the temple often and spend as much time as I could praying and pondering over my question. Early one morning as I entered the temple chapel, I immediately recognized the person playing the organ. I glanced in her direction in hopes of being able to give her a friendly smile, but she was intent on her playing and seemed unaware of the people gathering in the chapel. I focused on the quiet music in hopes it would bring peace to my troubled soul while I prayed. After playing several hymns, the organist began to play “Nearer, My God, to Thee.” This hymn had been one of the songs sung at my husband’s funeral. I sang the words of the hymn in my mind and then returned to my prayer.
Soon the time came for us to leave the chapel. As we did so, I glanced at my friend, who was hurriedly turning the pages in her binder as though she were having trouble finding a particular hymn. Just as I was walking out the door, she began to play the hymn “Families Can Be Together Forever.” Tears filled my eyes, for this was the other song we had sung at my husband’s funeral. I couldn’t remember if the organist had attended his funeral or not, but even if she had, I doubted she could remember the songs we had sung. It occurred to me that this probably was not a coincidence that she had played both of those songs, and I knew I had received an answer to my petition. Yes, families can be together forever.
Later, I called my friend and asked if she had seen me in the temple. When she said she had, I told her what had happened. She began to cry, and for several moments could not speak. Then she told me that each time she sits at the organ, she asks Heavenly Father to help her know what songs she should play to touch the hearts of people who have come to the temple with questions or concerns. After seeing me in the chapel, she offered a quick prayer on my behalf. Then feeling the promptings of the Holy Ghost, she knew the hymns she needed to play. This had happened to her many times in the past, but she never knew if what she played had made a difference to anyone. My call confirmed to her that her prayers had indeed been answered this time and most assuredly on other occasions as well.
We both cried as we realized that the Lord, through His tender mercies, had answered both our prayers. Our experience in the temple that day helped each of us gain a profound testimony of our Heavenly Father’s love and concern for each of His children. We learned that He truly hears our prayers and answers them.
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1 a the b was the Word, and the c was with God, and the d was e.
2 The same was in the a with God.
3 All things were a by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.
4 In him was a; and the life was the b of men.
5 And the a shineth in b; and the darkness c it not.
6 ¶There was a man sent from God, whose name was a.
7 The same came for a a, to bear b of the Light, that all men through him might c.
8 He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light.
9 That was the true a, which b c that cometh into the world.
10 He was in the a, and the b was c by him, and the world d him not.
11 He came unto his own, and his own a him not.
12 But as many as a him, to them gave he b to become the c of God, even to them that believe on his d:
13 Which were a, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.
14 And the Word was made a, and b among us, (and we c his d, the glory as of the e f of the Father,) full of g and truth.
15 ¶John bare a of him, and cried, saying, This was he of whom I spake, He that cometh after me is preferred before me: for he was before me.
16 And of his a have all we received, and b for grace.
17 a the b was given by Moses, but c and d came by Jesus Christ.
18 No a hath b God c; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath d him.
19 ¶And this is the record of a, when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, Who art thou?
20 And he confessed, and denied not; but confessed, I am not the Christ.
21 And they asked him, What then? Art thou a? And he saith, I am not. Art thou that prophet? And he answered, No.
22 Then said they unto him, Who art thou? that we may give an answer to them that sent us. What sayest thou of thyself?
23 He said, I am the a of one crying in the wilderness, Make b the c of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias.
24 And they which were sent were of the Pharisees.
25 And they asked him, and said unto him, Why baptizest thou then, if thou be not that Christ, nor Elias, neither that prophet?
26 John answered them, saying, I baptize with a: but there standeth one among you, whom ye know not;
27 a it is, who coming after me is preferred before me, whose b I am not worthy to unloose.
28 These things were done in a beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing.
29 ¶The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the a of God, which taketh away the b of the world.
30 This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is preferred before me: for he was before me.
31 And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water.
32 And John a record, saying, I saw the b descending from heaven like a c, and it abode upon him.
33 a I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the b.
34 And I saw, and bare a that this is the Son of God.
35 ¶Again the next day after John stood, and two of his disciples;
36 And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the a of God!
37 And the two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus.
38 Then Jesus turned, and saw them following, and saith unto them, What seek ye? They said unto him, Rabbi, (which is to say, being interpreted, Master,) where dwellest thou?
39 He saith unto them, Come and see. They came and saw where he dwelt, and abode with him that day: for it was about the tenth hour.
40 One of the two which heard John speak, and a him, was Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother.
41 He first findeth his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, We have found the a, which is, being interpreted, the Christ.
42 And he brought him to Jesus. And when Jesus beheld him, he said, Thou art Simon the son of Jona: thou shalt be called a, which is by interpretation, A stone.
43 ¶The day following Jesus would go forth into Galilee, and findeth Philip, and saith unto him, Follow me.
44 Now Philip was of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter.
45 Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom a in the law, and the prophets, did b, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.
46 And Nathanael said unto him, Can there any good thing come out of Nazareth? Philip saith unto him, Come and see.
47 Jesus saw a coming to him, and saith of him, Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no b!
48 Nathanael saith unto him, Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered and said unto him, Before that Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree, I saw thee.
49 Nathanael answered and saith unto him, Rabbi, thou art the a; thou art the b of Israel.
50 Jesus answered and said unto him, Because I said unto thee, I saw thee under the fig tree, believest thou? thou shalt see greater things than these.
51 And he saith unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Hereafter ye shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man. | <urn:uuid:4e355618-5517-40b2-80d8-d02a9048d9da> | 2013-05-24T01:33:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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1 Observe the month of a, and keep the b unto the Lord thy God: for in the month of Abib the Lord thy God brought thee forth out of Egypt by night.
2 Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the a unto the Lord thy God, of the flock and the herd, in the b which the Lord shall choose to place his name there.
3 Thou shalt eat no a bread with it; seven days shalt thou eat b bread therewith, even the bread of affliction; for thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt in c: that thou mayest remember the day when thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt all the days of thy life.
4 And there shall be no a bread seen with thee in all thy b seven days; neither shall there any thing of the flesh, which thou sacrificedst the first day at even, c all night until the morning.
5 Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover within any of thy a, which the Lord thy God giveth thee:
6 But at the place which the Lord thy God shall choose to place his name in, there thou shalt sacrifice the a at even, at the going down of the sun, at the b that thou camest forth out of Egypt.
7 And thou shalt a and eat it in the place which the Lord thy God shall choose: and thou shalt turn in the morning, and go unto thy tents.
8 Six days thou shalt eat a bread: and on the seventh day shall be a b to the Lord thy God: thou shalt do no work therein.
9 ¶Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: begin to number the seven weeks from such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the a.
10 And thou shalt keep the feast of a unto the Lord thy God with a tribute of a freewill offering of thine hand, which thou shalt give unto the Lord thy God, according as the Lord thy God hath b thee:
11 And thou shalt rejoice before the Lord thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite that is within thy gates, and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are among you, in the place which the Lord thy God hath chosen to place his name there.
12 And thou shalt remember that thou wast a a in Egypt: and thou shalt observe and do these statutes.
13 ¶Thou shalt observe the feast of a seven days, b that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine:
14 And thou shalt rejoice in thy feast, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite, the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that are within thy gates.
15 Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn feast unto the Lord thy God in the place which the Lord shall choose: because the Lord thy God shall bless thee in all thine increase, and in all the works of thine hands, therefore thou shalt surely rejoice.
16 ¶a times in a year shall all thy males b before the Lord thy God in the place which he shall choose; in the c of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles: and they shall not appear before the Lord empty:
17 Every man shall a as he is able, according to the blessing of the Lord thy God which he hath given thee.
18 ¶a and b shalt thou make thee in all thy gates, which the Lord thy God giveth thee, throughout thy tribes: and they shall judge the people with just judgment.
19 Thou shalt not a b; thou shalt not respect persons, neither take a c: for a gift doth d the eyes of the wise, and pervert the words of the righteous.
20 That which is altogether just shalt thou follow, that thou mayest live, and inherit the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.
21 ¶a shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees near unto the altar of the Lord thy God, which thou shalt make thee.
22 Neither shalt thou set thee up any a; which the Lord thy God hateth. | <urn:uuid:b665e456-ad4f-4182-868f-7fb72b5c2b7c> | 2013-05-24T02:05:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Suspect arrested for allegedly threatening neighbor
- A Leavenworth man was arrested after he allegedly threatened a neighbor with a shotgun, a police spokesman said.
A Leavenworth man was arrested after he allegedly threatened a neighbor with a shotgun, a police spokesman said.
The incident was reported at 12:36 p.m. Wednesday in the 1400 block of Sixth Avenue.
Maj. Dan Nicodemus, deputy chief of the Leavenworth Police Department, said the suspect, a 24-year-old man, allegedly had fired a BB gun at the window of a neighbor who lives across the street.
The neighbor, a 27-year-old man, went to the suspect’s home to ask if he was shooting BBs.
The suspect allegedly grabbed a shotgun and ordered the victim off his property. The incident is reported to have occurred on the front porch of the suspect’s home, according to Nicodemus.
The victim left the suspect’s home and contacted police. No injuries were reported.
The suspect was arrested for an allegation of aggravated assault.
Nicodemus said he doesn’t know why the suspect allegedly fired the BB gun at the neighbor’s window.
The deputy chief said police recovered a BB gun and shotgun. | <urn:uuid:1049f90b-98e2-4d3e-9a8b-d85f240661c6> | 2013-05-24T01:46:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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(1) The total amount of compensatory damages recoverable by the plaintiff;
(2) The portion of the damages that represents damages for noneconomic loss;
(3) The portion of the damages that represents damages for each category of economic loss;
(4) The percentage of fault, if any, attributable to each plaintiff; and
(5) The percentage of fault, if any, attributable to each of the defendants.
(b) In assessing percentages of fault, the trier of fact shall consider only the fault of the parties in the litigation at the time the verdict is rendered and shall not consider the fault of any other person who has settled a claim with the plaintiff arising out of the same medical injury. Provided, That, upon the creation of the patient injury compensation fund provided for in article twelve-c, chapter twenty-nine of this code, or of some other mechanism for compensating a plaintiff for any amount of economic damages awarded by the trier of fact which the plaintiff has been unable to collect, the trier of fact shall, in assessing percentages of fault, consider the fault of all alleged parties, including the fault of any person who has settled a claim with the plaintiff arising out of the same medical injury.
(c) If the trier of fact renders a verdict for the plaintiff, the court shall enter judgment of several, but not joint, liability against each defendant in accordance with the percentage of fault attributed to the defendant by the trier of fact.
(d) To determine the amount of judgment to be entered against each defendant, the court shall first, after adjusting the verdict as provided in section nine-a of this article, reduce the adjusted verdict by the amount of any pre-verdict settlement arising out of the same medical injury. The court shall then, with regard to each defendant, multiply the total amount of damages remaining, with interest, by the percentage of fault attributed to each defendant by the trier of fact. The resulting amount of damages, together with any post-judgment interest accrued, shall be the maximum recoverable against the defendant.
(e) Upon the creation of the patient injury compensation fund provided for in article twelve-c, chapter twenty-nine of this code, or of some other mechanism for compensating a plaintiff for any amount of economic damages awarded by the trier of fact which the plaintiff has been unable to collect, the court shall, in determining the amount of judgment to be entered against each defendant, first multiply the total amount of damages, with interest, recoverable by the plaintiff by the percentage of each defendant's fault and that amount, together with any post-judgment interest accrued, is the maximum recoverable against said defendant. Prior to the court's entry of the final judgment order as to each defendant against whom a verdict was rendered, the court shall reduce the total jury verdict by any amounts received by a plaintiff in settlement of the action. When any defendant's percentage of the verdict exceeds the remaining amounts due plaintiff after the mandatory reductions, each defendant shall be liable only for the defendant's pro rata share of the remainder of the verdict as calculated by the court from the remaining defendants to the action. The plaintiff's total award may never exceed the jury's verdict less any statutory or court-ordered reductions.
(f) Nothing in this section is meant to eliminate or diminish any defenses or immunities which exist as of the effective date of this section, except as expressly noted in this section.
(g) Nothing in this article is meant to preclude a health care provider from being held responsible for the portion of fault attributed by the trier of fact to any person acting as the health care provider's agent or servant or to preclude imposition of fault otherwise imputable or attributable to the health care provider under claims of vicarious liability. A health care provider may not be held vicariously liable for the acts of a nonemployee pursuant to a theory of ostensible agency unless the alleged agent does not maintain professional liability insurance covering the medical injury which is the subject of the action in the aggregate amount of at least one million dollars.
Note: WV Code updated with legislation passed through the 2012 1st Special Session | <urn:uuid:64cfe7f7-a0f8-4a42-bda0-fef02e832f62> | 2013-05-24T01:38:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|VII. Why is the Progress of Evolution Cyclic?
question is one which necessarily appalls us and makes us wonder.
Let us, therefore, deal with it as follows: Certain ideas are involved in the thought
of cyclic progression, and these ideas it might pay us well to contemplate.
1. The Idea of Repetition
This repetition involves the following factors:
- Repetition in time: The thought of cyclic activity necessitates periods of time
of differing length - greater or lesser cycles - but (according to their length) of
uniform degree. A manvantara, or Day of Brahma, is always of a certain length, and so is a
mahamanvantara. The cycles wherein an atom of any plane revolves upon its axis are uniform
on its own plane.
- Repetition in fact: This involves the idea of a key measure, or sound of any
particular group of atoms that go to the composition of any particular form. This grouping
of atoms will tend to the makeup of a particular series of circumstances and will repeat
the measure or sound when an animating factor is brought to bear upon them. When the
vitalizing force is contacting at stated periods a certain set of atoms, it will call
forth from them a specific sound which will demonstrate objectively as environing
circumstances. In other words, the interplay of the Self and the not-self is
invariably of a cyclic nature. The same quality in tone will be called forth by the Self
as it indwells the form, but the key will ascend by gradual degrees. It is similar to the
effect produced in striking the same note in different octaves, beginning at the base.
- Repetition in space: This concept is involved deep in the greater concept of
karma, which is really the law that governs the matter of the solar system, and which
commenced its work in earlier solar systems. We have, therefore, cycles in order, and
repetition in an ever-ascending spiral, under definite law.
The thoughts thus conveyed might be expressed likewise as follows:
chain repeating its activity - Repetition in Time.
consecutive reverberation of a plane note, of a subplane note, and of all that is called
into objectivity by that note - Plane Repetition.
of atoms to perpetuate their activity, and thus produce similarity of circumstance, of
environment, and of vehicle - Form Repetition.
- The solar system repeating its activity - Repetition in Space.
carry these ideas on to every plane in the solar system, and from thence to the cosmic
planes, we have opened up for ourselves infinitude. | <urn:uuid:97d621c5-2aa2-4a5e-a287-29f90bd8b15b> | 2013-05-24T02:05:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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World's Richest Woman Wants to Pay Employees $2 (a Day!) [VIDEO]
Meanwhile, She Reportedly Makes $611 … Per Second
Guess who doesn't have to worry about getting a "World's Greatest Boss" coffee mug in the office Christmas gift exchange this year? Yep, it's this woman, at left, Gina Rinehart, the world's richest, and soon to be, the world's most notorious, woman.
Read: Woman Says She Was Fired After Donating Kidney for Her Boss [VIDEO]
Australian Rinehart, the head of her family's iron-ore mining business, recorded a video for the Sydney Mining Club in which she says people in her country should be willing to work for $2 a day.
"Africans want to work. Its workers are willing to work for less than $2 per day," she says in the video. "We must be realistic, not just promote class warfare … Indeed, if we competed at the Olympic games as sluggishly as we compete economically, there would be an outcry."
The video comes on the heels of an article Rinehart wrote last week, telling people that if they want to make more money, they should "spend less time drinking or smoking and socializing, and more time working."
And how exactly, you might be wondering, did Rinehart come to be worth an estimated $30 billion? As we mentioned above, via her family's iron-ore mining business …
Which she inherited.
Watch a BBC news report with video of Rinehart's wackadoo wage plot below: | <urn:uuid:a7a74d9e-6ee8-476e-b5cc-d7229be9e7cc> | 2013-05-24T01:30:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I'm wondering if it is possible to change RSA key into DSA key or vice versa using ssh-keygen.
I know there is import and export facility in ssh-keygen but it's only to import into Open SSH key format or to export into SECSH format, am I right?.
Also, if I'm not wrong, the exported or imported key is still using the same algorithm (ie RSA or DSA). It's just using a different format (OpenSSH format or SECSH format). Please correct me if I am wrong. | <urn:uuid:45596acb-efb5-402e-b6ac-e5f980aa3b66> | 2013-05-24T01:30:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Mazzucato believes Italy could punish England in the RBS 6 Nations clash should they take their eye off the ball.
He said: "I still believe they are strong favourites against us, but after the World Cup can be a dangerous time for the strongest team."
Mazzucato's expectations have also been raised by playing against Wasps in this season's European Cup.
New England captain Lawrence Dallaglio and full-back Josh Lewsey did not play in either game, and Mazzucato believes those involved Down Under may be feeling the strain of their exertions.
He added: "I played few games in the Heineken Cup and I saw few of them a little tired and this could be a big advantage for us.
"I do not say we can win this match, but we can take something very positive."
Before the clash in Rome's Stadio Flaminio, Italy will face a World XV side made up of foreigners playing in the Super 10.
Mazzucato is very excited by the inaugural event, and hopes to win a place in the starting line-up against the English with a strong performance.
He said: "I'm very happy to be part of the team which will challenge the World XV at Treviso and hopefully I will on the pitch against the world champions.
"I'm in good condition and I'm very much looking forward to playing in the Six Nations. It will be a wonderful dream for me if I get the chance to play against the reigning champions." | <urn:uuid:43b5bf67-a227-4ff9-96e1-776e22476304> | 2013-05-24T02:07:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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England look less intimidating without injured World Cup hero Wilkinson but Johnson is confident coach Sir Clive Woodward has picked a formidable team.
He said: "They are always under pressure but everyone wants to beat us a little bit extra with the World Cup - I think the guys will relish the challenge and look forward to it.
"The challengers have made some noises about giving us a big fright and let's hope it's a great game and I'm sure the boys will be up for it.
"It's an exciting team, a few guys out from the World Cup team, a few injured, but some good guys are in there so they will be looking forward to it.
"Like any team, it's about who's there, not about who's not there. There's plenty of experience.
"It's the same every week - once you get on the field it's 15 against 15, whether it's a World Cup final, Six Nations, or whatever, and they will be looking forward to it.
"They will want to play the game, play it well, and get a good win. It's about winning and there's no pressure about winning well, it's just about winning games and trying to retain the Grand Slam." | <urn:uuid:e8dd8df9-979e-4909-a1cb-8d971d2c32fc> | 2013-05-24T01:38:22Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Chapter 4 - The Story of the Bald-Headed Man
We followed the Indian down a sordid and common passage, ill-lit and worse furnished, until he came to a door upon the right, which he threw open. A blaze of yellow light streamed out upon us, and in the centre of the glare there stood a small man with a very high head, a bristle of red hair all round the fringe of it, and a bald, shining scalp which shot out from among it like a mountain-peak from fir-trees. He writhed his hands together as he stood, and his features were in a perpetual jerk -- now smiling, now scowling, but never for an instant in repose. Nature had given him a pendulous lip, and a too visible line of yellow and irregular teeth, which he strove feebly to conceal by constantly passing his hand over the lower part of his face. In spite of his obtrusive baldness he gave the impression of youth. In point of fact, he had just turned his thirtieth year.
"Your servant, Miss Morstan," he kept repeating in a thin, high voice. "Your servant, gentlemen. Pray step into my little sanctum. A small place, miss, but furnished to my own liking. An oasis of art in the howling desert of South London."
We were all astonished by the appearance of the apartment into which he invited us. In that sorry house it looked as out of place as a diamond of the first water in a setting of brass. The richest and glossiest of curtains and tapestries draped the walls, looped back here and there to expose some richly mounted painting or Oriental vase. The carpet was of amber and black, so soft and so thick that the foot sank pleasantly into it, as into a bed of moss. Two great tiger-skins thrown athwart it increased the suggestion of Eastern luxury, as did a huge hookah which stood upon a mat in the corner. A lamp in the fashion of a silver dove was hung from an almost invisible golden wire in the centre of the room. As it burned it filled the air with a subtle and aromatic odour.
"Mr. Thaddeus Sholto," said the little man, still jerking and smiling. "That is my name. You are Miss Morstan, of course. And these gentlemen --"
"This is Mr. Sherlock Holmes, and this Dr. Watson."
"A doctor, eh?" cried he, much excited. "Have you your stethoscope? Might I ask you -- would you have the kindness? I have grave doubts as to my mitral valve, if you would be so very good. The aortic I may rely upon, but I should value your opinion upon the mitral."
I listened to his heart, as requested, but was unable to find anything amiss, save, indeed, that he was in an ecstasy of fear, for he shivered from head to foot.
"It appears to be normal," I said. "You have no cause for uneasiness."
"You will excuse my anxiety, Miss Morstan," he remarked airily. "I am a great sufferer, and I have long had suspicions as to that valve. I am delighted to hear that they are unwarranted. Had your father, Miss Morstan, refrained from throwing a strain upon his heart, he might have been alive now."
I could have struck the man across the face, so hot was I at this callous and offhand reference to so delicate a matter. Miss Morstan sat down, and her face grew white to the lips.
"I knew in my heart that he was dead," said she.
"I can give you every information," said he; "and, what is more, I can do you justice; and I will, too, whatever Brother Bartholomew may say. I am so glad to have your friends here not only as an escort to you but also as witnesses to what I am about to do and say. The three of us can show a bold front to Brother Bartholomew. But let us have no outsiders -- no police or officials. We can settle everything satisfactorily among ourselves without any interference. Nothing would annoy Brother Bart- holomew more than any publicity."
He sat down upon a low settee and blinked at us inquiringly with his weak, watery blue eyes.
"For my part," said Holmes, "whatever you may choose to say will go no further."
I nodded to show my agreement.
"That is well! That is well" said he. "May I offer you a glass of Chianti, Miss Morstan? Or of Tokay? I keep no other wines. Shall I open a flask? No? Well, then, I trust that you have no objection to tobacco-smoke, to the balsamic odour of the Eastern tobacco. I am a little nervous, and I find my hookah an invaluable sedative."
He applied a taper to the great bowl, and the smoke bubbled merrily through the rose-water. We sat all three in a semicircle, with our heads advanced and our chins upon our hands, while the strange, jerky little fellow, with his high, shining head, puffed uneasily in the centre.
"When I first determined to make this communication to you," said he, "I might have given you my address; but I feared that you might disregard my request and bring unpleasant people with you. I took the liberty, therefore, of making an appointment in such a way that my man Williams might be able to see you first. I have complete confidence in his discretion, and he had orders, if he were dissatisfied, to proceed no further in the matter. You will excuse these precautions, but I am a man of somewhat retiring, and I might even say refined, tastes, and there is nothing more unaesthetic than a policeman. I have a natural shrinking from all forms of rough materialism. I seldom come in contact with the rough crowd. I live, as you see, with some little atmosphere of elegance around me. I may call myself a patron of the arts. It is my weakness. The landscape is a genuine Corot, and though a connoisseur might perhaps throw a doubt upon that Salvator Rosa, there cannot be the least question about the Bouguereau. I am partial to the modern French school."
"You will excuse me, Mr. Sholto," said Miss Morstan, "but I am here at your request to learn something which you desire to tell me. It is very late, and I should desire the interview to be as short as possible."
"At the best it must take some time," he answered; "for we shall certainly have to go to Norwood and see Brother Barth- olomew. We shall all go and try if we can get the better of Brother Bartholomew. He is very angry with me for taking the course which has seemed right to me. I had quite high words with him last night. You cannot imagine what a terrible fellow he is when he is angry."
"If we are to go to Norwood, it would perhaps be as well to start at once," I ventured to remark.
He laughed until his ears were quite red.
"That would hardly do," he cried. "I don't know what he would say if I brought you in that sudden way. No, I must prepare you by showing you how we all stand to each other. In the first place, I must tell you that there are several points in the story of which I am myself ignorant. I can only lay the facts before you as far as I know them myself.
"My father was, as you may have guessed, Major John Sholto, once of the Indian Army. He retired some eleven years ago and came to live at Pondicherry Lodge in Upper Norwood. He had prospered in India and brought back with him a con- siderable sum of money, a large collection of valuable curiosi- ties, and a staff of native servants. With these advantages he bought himself a house, and lived in great luxury. My twin- brother Bartholomew and I were the only children.
"I very well remember the sensation which was caused by the disappearance of Captain Morstan. We read the details in the papers, and knowing that he had been a friend of our father's we discussed the case freely in his presence. He used to join in our speculations as to what could have happened. Never for an instant did we suspect that he had the whole secret hidden in his own breast, that of all men he alone knew the fate of Arthur Morstan.
"We did know, however, that some mystery, some positive danger, overhung our father. He was very fearful of going out alone, and he always employed two prize-fighters to act as porters at Pondicherry Lodge. Williams, who drove you tonight, was one of them. He was once lightweight champion of En- gland. Our father would never tell us what it was he feared, but he had a most marked aversion to men with wooden legs. On one occasion he actually fired his revolver at a wooden-legged man, who proved to be a harmless tradesman canvassing for orders. We had to pay a large sum to hush the matter up. My brother and I used to think this a mere whim of my father's, but events have since led us to change our opinion.
"Early in 1882 my father received a letter from India which was a great shock to him. He nearly fainted at the breakfast-table when he opened it, and from that day he sickened to his death. What was in the letter we could never discover, but I could see as he held it that it was short and written in a scrawling hand. He had suffered for years from an enlarged spleen, but he now became rapidly worse, and towards the end of April we were informed that he was beyond all hope, and that he wished to make a last communication to us.
"When we entered his room he was propped up with pillows and breathing heavily. He besought us to lock the door and to come upon either side of the bed. Then grasping our hands he made a remarkable statement to us in a voice which was broken as much by emotion as by pain. I shall try and give it to you in his own very words.
" 'I have only one thing,' he said, 'which weighs upon my mind at this supreme moment. It is my treatment of poor Morstan's orphan. The cursed greed which has been my besetting sin through life has withheld from her the treasure, half at least of which should have been hers. And yet I have made no use of it myself, so blind and foolish a thing is avarice. The mere feeling of possession has been so dear to me that I could not bear to share it with another. See that chaplet tipped with pearls beside the quinine-bottle. Even that I could not bear to part with, although I had got it out with the design of sending it to her. You, my sons, will give her a fair share of the Agra treasure. But send her nothing -- not even the chaplet -- until I am gone. After all, men have been as bad as this and have recovered.
" 'I will tell you how Morstan died,' he continued. 'He had suffered for years from a weak heart, but he concealed it from every one. I alone knew it. When in India, he and I, through a remarkable chain of circumstances, came into possession of a considerable treasure. I brought it over to England, and on the night of Morstan's arrival he came straight over here to claim his share. He walked over from the station and was admitted by my faithful old Lal Chowdar, who is now dead. Morstan and I had a difference of opinion as to the division of the treasure, and we came to heated words. Morstan had sprung out of his chair in a paroxysm of anger, when he suddenly pressed his hand to his side, his face turned a dusky hue, and he fell backward, cutting his head against the corner of the treasure-chest. When I stooped over him I found, to my horror, that he was dead.
" 'For a long time I sat half distracted, wondering what I should do. My first impulse was, of course, to call for assis- tance; but I could not but recognize that there was every chance that I would be accused of his murder. His death at the moment of a quarrel, and the gash in his head, would be black against me. Again, an official inquiry could not be made without bring- ing out some facts about the treasure, which I was particularly anxious to keep secret. He had told me that no soul upon earth knew where he had gone. There seemed to be no necessity why any soul ever should know.
" 'I was still pondering over the matter, when, looking up, I saw my servant, Lal Chowdar, in the doorway. He stole in and bolted the door behind him. "Do not fear, sahib," he said; "no one need know that you have killed him. Let us hide him away, and who is the wiser?" "I did not kill him," said I. Lal Chowdar shook his head and smiled. "I heard it all, sahib," said he; "l heard you quarrel, and I heard the blow. But my lips are sealed. All are asleep in the house. Let us put him away to- gether." That was enough to decide me. If my own servant could not believe my innocence, how could I hope to make it good before twelve foolish tradesmen in a jury-box? Lal Chowdar and I disposed of the body that night, and within a few days the London papers were full of the mysterious disappearance of Captain Morstan. You will see from what I say that l can hardly be blamed in the matter. My fault lies in the fact that we concealed not only the body but also the treasure and that I have clung to Morstan's share as well as to my own. I wish you, therefore, to make restitution. Put your ears down to my mouth. The treasure is hidden in --'
"At this instant a horrible change came over his expression; his eyes stared wildly, his jaw dropped, and he yelled in a voice which I can never forget, 'Keep him out! For Christ's sake keep him out!' We both stared round at the window behind us upon which his gaze was fixed. A face was looking in at us out of the darkness. We could see the whitening of the nose where it was pressed against the glass. It was a bearded, hairy face, with wild cruel eyes and an expression of concentrated malevolence. My brother and I rushed towards the window, but the man was gone. When we returned to my father his head had dropped and his pulse had ceased to beat.
"We searched the garden that night but found no sign of the intruder save that just under the window a single footmark was visible in the flower-bed. But for that one trace, we might have thought that our imaginations had conjured up that wild, fierce face. We soon, however, had another and a more striking proof that there were secret agencies at work all round us. The window of my father's room was found open in the morning, his cup- boards and boxes had been rifled, and upon his chest was fixed a torn piece of paper with the words 'The sign of the four' scrawled across it. What the phrase meant or who our secret visitor may have been, we never knew. As far as we can judge, none of my father's property had been actually stolen, though everything had been turned out. My brother and I naturally associated this peculiar incident with the fear which haunted my father during his life, but it is still a complete mystery to us."
The little man stopped to relight his hookah and puffed thought- fully for a few moments. We had all sat absorbed, listening to his extraordinary narrative. At the short account of her father's death Miss Morstan had turned deadly white, and for a moment I feared that she was about to faint. She rallied, however, on drinking a glass of water which I quietly poured out for her from a Venetian carafe upon the side-table. Sherlock Holmes leaned back in his chair with an abstracted expression and the lids drawn low over his glittering eyes. As I glanced at him I could not but think how on that very day he had complained bitterly of the commonplaceness of life. Here at least was a problem which would tax his sagacity to the utmost. Mr. Thaddeus Sholto looked from one to the other of us with an obvious pride at the effect which his story had produced and then continued between the puffs of his overgrown pipe.
"My brother and I," said he, "were, as you may imagine, much excited as to the treasure which my father had spoken of. For weeks and for months we dug and delved in every part of the garden without discovering its whereabouts. It was maddening to think that the hiding-place was on his very lips at the moment that he died. We could judge the splendour of the missing riches by the chaplet which he had taken out. Over this chaplet my brother Bartholomew and I had some little discussion. The pearls were evidently of great value, and he was averse to part with them, for, between friends, my brother was himself a little inclined to my father's fault. He thought, too, that if we parted with the chaplet it might give rise to gossip and finally bring us into trouble. It was all that I could do to persuade him to let me find out Miss Morstan's address and send her a detached pearl at fixed intervals so that at least she might never feel destitute."
"It was a kindly thought," said our companion earnestly; "it was extremely good of you."
The little man waved his hand deprecatingly.
"We were your trustees," he said; "that was the view which I took of it, though Brother Bartholomew could not altogether see it in that light. We had plenty of money ourselves. I desired no more. Besides, it would have been such bad taste to have treated a young lady in so scurvy a fashion. 'Le mauvais godt mene au crime.' The French have a very neat way of putting these things. Our difference of opinion on this subject went so far that I thought it best to set up rooms for myself; so I left Pondicherry Lodge, taking the old khitmutgar and Williams with me. Yester- day, however, I learned that an event of extreme importance has occurred. The treasure has been discovered. I instantly commu- nicated with Miss Morstan, and it only remains for us to drive out to Norwood and demand our share. I explained my views last night to Brother Bartholomew, so we shall be expected, if not welcome, visitors."
Mr. Thaddeus Sholto ceased and sat twitching on his luxurious settee. We all remained silent, with our thoughts upon the new development which the mysterious business had taken. Holmes was the first to spring to his feet.
"You have done well, sir, from first to last," said he. "It is possible that we may be able to make you some small return by throwing some light upon that which is still dark to you. But, as Miss Morstan remarked just now, it is late, and we had best put the matter through without delay."
Our new acquaintance very deliberately coiled up the tube of his hookah and produced from behind a curtain a very long befrogged topcoat with astrakhan collar and cuffs. This he but- toned tightly up in spite of the extreme closeness of the night and finished his attire by putting on a rabbit-skin cap with hanging lappets which covered the ears, so that no part of him was visible save his mobile and peaky face.
"My health is somewhat fragile," he remarked as he led the way down the passage. "I am compelled to be a valetudinarian."
Our cab was awaiting us outside, and our programme was evidently prearranged, for the driver started off at once at a rapid pace. Thaddeus Sholto talked incessantly in a voice which rose high above the rattle of the wheels.
"Bartholomew is a clever fellow," said he. "How do you think he found out where the treasure was? He had come to the conclusion that it was somewhere indoors, so he worked out all the cubic space of the house and made measurements everywhere so that not one inch should be unaccounted for. Among other things, he found that the height of the building was seventy-four feet, but on adding together the heights of all the separate rooms and making every allowance for the space between, which he ascertained by borings, he could not bring the total to more than seventy feet. There were four feet unaccounted for. These could only be at the top of the building. He knocked a hole, therefore, in the lath and plaster ceiling of the highest room, and there, sure enough, he came upon another little garret above it, which had been sealed up and was known to no one. In the centre stood the treasure-chest resting upon two rafters. He lowered it through the hole, and there it lies. He computes the value of the jewels at not less than half a million sterling."
At the mention of this gigantic sum we all stared at one another open-eyed. Miss Morstan, could we secure her rights, would change from a needy governess to the richest heiress in England. Surely it was the place of a loyal friend to rejoice at such news, yet I am ashamed to say that selfishness took me by the soul and that my heart turned as heavy as lead within me. I stammered out some few halting words of congratulation and then sat downcast, with my head drooped, deaf to the babble of our new acquaintance. He was clearly a confirmed hypochondriac, and I was dreamily conscious that he was pouring forth intermi- nable trains of symptoms, and imploring information as to the composition and action of innumerable quack nostrums, some of which he bore about in a leather case in his pocket. I trust that he may not remember any of the answers which I gave him that night. Holmes declares that he overheard me caution him against the great danger of taking more than two drops of castor-oil, while I recommended strychnine in large doses as a sedative. However that may be, I was certainly relieved when our cab pulled up with a jerk and the coachman sprang down to open the door.
"This, Miss Morstan, is Pondicherry Lodge," said Mr. Thad- deus Sholto as he handed her out. | <urn:uuid:08425971-7e51-4351-9b3e-6d44148f1785> | 2013-05-24T01:44:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Please click here to download the latest version of Flash Player to view the match centre.
Liverpool return to action following the international break against Reading at Anfield.
The Reds will be out to secure a first home league win of the season.
Reading's last visit to Anfield ended in a 2-1 win for the Royals in an FA Cup third-round replay in January 2010.
However, they were beaten by the same scoreline on their last league to the Reds in March 2008. | <urn:uuid:98a97c28-5172-47d1-a239-5da86cf919cf> | 2013-05-24T01:59:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Secrets of Prince Rupert's Exploding Glass Drops
Six years ago, I was looking out the window of a plane bound for England, admiring the sunlight illuminating the slightly pink clouds. My British companion remarked that the clouds were just like candy floss—Britspeak for cotton candy. Those sweet thoughts were rudely interrupted by a small popping noise from within my handbag, then another . . . and another. Unfortunately it wasn't candy. My heart sinking, I discovered that the bottom of my bag was littered with powdered glass. Three of the little Prince Rupert’s drops I had so carefully made for a lecture at Oxford University had exploded.
I first came across Prince Rupert's drops when I was reading an early "chymical" text at the British Library. In it the drops were called "Greatricks glasses." After a week of trying to find out who Greatricks was—mostly by reading up on a seventeenth-century faith healer named Valentine Greatrakes—I e-mailed a desperate SOS out to my colleagues. A kind soul informed me that "Greatricks" might have simply meant "great tricks": King Charles II of seventeenth-century England had used the drops as practical jokes after being introduced to them by his nephew, Prince Rupert of Bavaria.
Typical of "virtuosi" of this period, gentlemen who dabbled in everything and excelled at much, Prince Rupert had a varied career as an artist, military officer, and scientist. His scientific curiosity focused on the great-trick glasses: teardrop-shaped beads formed by dropping molten glass into cold water. The bulbous head can withstand hammering on an anvil, but breaking the curved, tapered tail shatters the entire drop into fine powder. The king would have subjects hold the bulb end in their palms, and then he'd break off the tip, startling the victims with a harmless little explosion.
Science gets involved
Charles II, the founding patron of the Royal Society, directed its members to explain why the "chymical glasses" exploded. So riveted was the Society by the glasses that in 1663, an enterprising satirist wrote a ballad about the group's obsession:
And that which makes their Fame ring louder
With much adoe they shew'd the King
To make glasse Buttons turn to powder,
If off the[m] their tayles you doebut wring.
How this was donne by soe small Force
Did cost the Colledg a Month’s discourse.
Robert Hooke, the Society's Curator of Experiments, did the first detailed examinations of the drops: he coated them with a transparent glue, wrapped them in leather, broke off their tails, and then viewed the glass fissures under his microscope. But it was not until 1994 that their secret was fully revealed. Munawar M. Chaudhri of the University of Cambridge, England, and Srinivasan Chandrasekar of Purdue University in Indiana did high-speed photographic analyses of the drops, observing the cracks accelerating from the drop's tail towards the head at more than 4,000 miles per hour.
The two engineers realized that when a drop is formed, the cold water rapidly cools and solidifies the molten glass on the outside. The glass within, still hot, then gradually contracts, causing large compressive stresses on the surface as well as interior tension. That inner tension is enough to blow the drop apart at the tiniest crack, making the thin tail vulnerable. But that tension also accounts for the round head's toughness, by pulling the outer layers of the head tight.
Give it a try
Finding some instructions for making Prince Rupert's drops in The Art of Glass, written by a Florentine chemist, Antonio Neri, in 1662, I decided to try myself.
Neri advised, "The best way of making them, is to take up some of the Metall [molten glass] out of the pot upon the end of an Iron rod, and immediately let it drop into cold water, and there lye till it cool." Using a crème brûlée torch on steroids, I heated up a glass rod, placing it very close to the surface of a beaker of ice water to catch the drops. Some of the glass tears broke when I fished them out of the water, but soon I was armed with a dozen, carefully taped to an index card to take with me for my lecture.
Though a few drops did not endure the plane trip, because a change in air pressure can destabilize the glass, my audience was delighted with those that survived. Recently, a video of exploding drops has even appeared on YouTube. Prince Rupert had discovered a “great trick” indeed to entertain royals and Internet junkies alike.
- Great Inventions: Quiz Yourself
Anna Marie Roos is a research associate at the Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine at the University of Oxford; she recently wrote The Salt of the Earth: Natural Philosophy, Medicine, and Chymistry in England, 1650-1750 (Brill, 2007).
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In this day and age, keeping a low carbon footprint has grown in popularity at a rapid pace. Everything from water conservation to renewable energy has become a hot topic among the public. While some of the ways to live a greener life are fairly obvious, there are some that people may not think about on a regular basis.
According to the Chicago Tribune, one of the best ways to live an environmentally-friendly lifestyle is to switch an exercise routine from inside to outdoors. Treadmills and other high-powered machines require a decent amount of electricity to function. The source recommends those who prefer to work indoors to try to enjoy the summer weather and hit the streets for their workouts.
Another way to get greener is by cutting down on using plastic bottles for water. There are a variety of options available such as using portable, reusable containers, or, for those who prefer filtered water, to purchasing an at-home water-filtering system.
A Chicago-based company recently started making environmentally friendly water bottles. The bottles are 100 percent plant-based and were created after the owner discovered that 40 million water bottles were being tossed into landfills on a daily basis, according to the source. | <urn:uuid:72ebba09-d901-4135-8d4a-c6c64f1ba9fc> | 2013-05-24T01:38:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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NATO foreign ministers have approved Turkey's request for Patriot missiles to defend its borders, a statement of "solidarity" with its fellow alliance member.
"Today NATO agreed to augment Turkey's air defense by deploying Patriot missiles to Turkey. Turkey has asked for NATO's support and we stand with Turkey in the spirit of strong solidarity," said NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen.
"To Turkish people we say, we are determined to defend you and your territory. To anyone who would want to attack Turkey, we say, don't even think about it. "
The move is in response to the spilling over of the Syrian civil war into Turkey, where errant Syrian artillery shells struck the border town of Akcakale and killed five Turkish civilians in October.
Turkey asked NATO to deploy Patriot missiles along its border to bolster its air defenses against Syrian threats.
The United States, Germany and Netherlands, which all have Patriot capabilities, have signaled they would be willing to contribute missiles. Rasmussen believes the "actual deployment will take place within weeks."
"We welcome the intention of Germany, the Netherlands and the United States to provide Patriot missile batteries, subject to their respective national procedures. These systems will be under the operational command of the Supreme Allied Commander Europe. Any deployment will be defensive only. It will in no way support a no-fly zone or any offensive operation," Rasmussen said.
The decision was made as news surfaced about fears of Bashar al-Assad's government using chemical weapons. Rasmussen echoed warnings from U.S. President Barack Obama that the Syrian government may be toying with the idea of using chemical weapons to crush the 21-month rebellion.
"The Syrian stockpiles of chemical weapons are a matter of great concern," Rasmussen told reporters.
"We know that Syria possesses missiles. We know they have chemical weapons and, of course, they also have to be included in our calculations. And this is also the reason why it is a matter of urgency to ensure effective defense and protection of our ally Turkey," he said.
"Let me add to this that the possible use of chemical weapons would be completely unacceptable for the whole international community, and if anybody resorts to these terrible weapons I would expect an immediate reaction from the international community."
Violence raged Tuesday in Syria, with at least 155 people killed across the country, the opposition Local Coordination Committees of Syria said.
In one key development, rebel fighters scored a major gain where government forces once ruled.
The rebels have cut off a sprawling military base outside Aleppo with some 450 government soldiers trapped inside. The rebels could easily overrun the base, fighter Ali Jadlan said, but they want to give government soldiers a chance to defect.
Already, about 250 soldiers have defected from units at the base since the Syrian uprising began in 2011, and most of them have joined the opposition. It's another indication al-Assad is losing his grip on a country he once firmly commanded.
The government has tried air-dropping food to its soldiers, often missing the targets. Opposition fighters have shot out their water supply.
While the soldiers still have stockpiles of artillery, their options are dwindling.
"They have reached a point where they think that they can't go back," said Jamal, a defector. "They have reached a dead end. Slowly, they are weakening."
In another incident, rebels and the government are reporting deadly shelling on a school in a refugee camp in the Damascus area. The LCC said 30 students were killed there.
Alexia Jade, a spokeswoman for the opposition in Damascus, said the school was "showered by mortars leaving between eight and 12 dead, including children and a teacher."
"I cannot say if this area was state loyal," she said, adding it was very remote and inhabited by refugees from the Golan Heights whose kin had suffered from government shelling in the south of the capital.
"We have not reached a concrete conclusion at this point" about who fired the shells, Jade added.
Rasmussen stressed that a Patriot missile deployment will be "purely defensive" and that NATO has "no intention to prepare offensive operations."
The deployment would be an "effective deterrent" and de-escalate tensions along the border, he said.
Such a deployment would compel "any potential aggressor to think twice before they even consider attacking Turkey." | <urn:uuid:a4a1b674-fac9-45f2-9248-409274a64478> | 2013-05-24T01:45:57Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Usher, I suppose. D:
Alpha) A man you're heavily infatuated with, is insanely hung (let's say 9x6.5), treats you like any other random acquaintance and clearly isn't into you. He's a social butterfly and always exciting to be around and seems to be well adjusted... outside of a painkiller and pot addiction.
Beta) A man clearly infatuated with you, is pretty well hung (let's say 8x6), treats you as well as he would a lover, but requires a long-term committed relationship for anything sexual. You only see him as a friend, though. Not to mention, he isn't always the most sociable.
Did I suck the fun out of it? ;p | <urn:uuid:167b52bc-2d05-4bd9-b333-7cd5f294209e> | 2013-05-24T02:04:30Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Very well done! ALMOST makes me wish I had a use for the snowshoes and toboggan that are still stored in the basement.
You wouldn't want to spoil a scene like that with snowshoes or a toboggan?
Still waiting for the first snowfall in the West of Scotland at low level. A very nice scene. A good capture before the hand of man interfered and spoilt it. | <urn:uuid:007b6cad-8a84-4564-942c-b581c4e49de4> | 2013-05-24T01:45:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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“I'm completely blown away by the quality and quantity of training you offer. I feel like Neo in The Matrix when they would insert a training program and within a few minutes he could say, "I know jiujitsu!"” —Zolla M.
start free trial
more from our members » | <urn:uuid:834f1a59-bb10-4006-815d-a51b215046b5> | 2013-05-24T01:44:44Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same,
SECTION 1. There shall be a board of selectmen in the town of Swampscott to consist of five members elected by the voters for terms of three years each, so arranged that the term of office of as nearly an equal number of members as is possible shall expire each year.
SECTION 2. There shall be a special election held in April, nineteen hundred and ninety-three for the purpose of filling the positions created under the provisions of this act. Candidates for such election shall be nominated and the election conducted in the same manner as for regular town elections. Each of the two candidates receiving the highest number of votes shall be elected for a term of office of three years. Each of the two candidates receiving the third and fourth highest number of votes shall be elected for a term of office of two years. The candidate receiving the fifth highest number of votes shall be elected for a term of office of one year.
A member elected to the board at the annual town election commencing in nineteen hundred and ninety-four and thereafter shall be elected for a term of office of three years.
SECTION 3. The state secretary shall cause the following question to be placed on the official ballot to be used in the town of Swampscott at the biennial state election to be held in the year nineteen hundred and ninety-two. "Shall an act passed by the general court in the year nineteen hundred and ninety-two, entitled 'An Act providing for a five member board of selectmen in the town of Swampscott', be accepted " If a majority of the votes cast in answer to said question is in the affirmative, then this act shall take effect but not otherwise. | <urn:uuid:1fda3723-0c16-44fc-93f9-55cd6c27605d> | 2013-05-24T01:32:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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the heads on last page are looking great (:
With this drawing, here are just somethings I notice. You seem to be unhappy with it, so I don't know if you notice this too, but whatever, I'll point it all out:
1. Her neck indicates that her head would be at a 3/4th view, however her head is facing towards us. It isn't aligned and looks kind of weird.
2. The arm reaching up is too short. Measure it and then place it against her side. If she relaxed her arm, basically it would only reach her hip, which is obviously not right
4. I was contemplating whether or not stating this since the style is anime, and anime typically doesn't have much shading, but I think it's fine to say. I think you should use darker values, especially on the face, which is hidden behind her hair and the fact that theres a bright light source she's forming out of her raised hand. That would create some intense lighting, I believe. This is just kind of a quick example I found of what I mean. Basically it would just create more depth in the image.
Otherwise, I think you did an overall cool job. From what I can tell, you didn't seem to mess up the angle of the right arm. If I'm wrong though, anyone feel free to say so :P | <urn:uuid:af8560bf-a61f-480e-8aeb-8204f80200d0> | 2013-05-24T01:47:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Organizers stuck closely to the latest rankings to seed 32 players for each of the men's and women's draws. The year's first Grand Slam tournament starts next week.
Djokovic is followed by Roger Federer, U.S. Open champion Andy Murray and David Ferrer. Ferrer replaces fellow Spaniard Rafael Nadal, who has withdrawn because a stomach ailment delayed his comeback from a knee injury.
On the women's side, French Open champion Maria Sharapova is seeded second. Serena Williams, the reigning Wimbledon, Olympic and U.S. Open champion, is third.
Agnieszka Radwanska is seeded fourth, followed by Angelique Kerber and Li Na. American teenager Sloane Stephens is seeded after advancing to a No. 29 ranking. | <urn:uuid:954a677e-e728-4d39-9a66-b03bb2eca94e> | 2013-05-24T01:52:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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“The 64DD sat under your N64. Well, not yours — you didn't have a 64DD.”
The Nintendo 64DD (Nintendo 64 Disk Drive) was a machine that attached to a Nintendo 64 and could play games in a disc format. There were also several peripherals used for it. It was released in Japan in December 1999. It was scheduled for release in America in 2000, but it ended up being a commercial failure due to the way it was sold (only through subscription to the RanDnetDD online service), so it was never released outside Japan.
There were four Mario games released on this console, all in the Mario Artist series; there were also several cancelled Mario titles. Overall, there were only nine games released on the Nintendo 64DD, although other games planned for the console were released as Nintendo 64 cartridges instead.
Mario series games | <urn:uuid:9051f62b-166b-4f85-87b5-944d2fcf9258> | 2013-05-24T01:29:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Greece gambling with 'financial armageddon'
People walk at central Athens square on May 14, 2012. Greece on Monday faced the prospect of fresh polls after political parties failed to narrow divisions over a painful EU-IMF bailout deal, with few expecting progress at talks to form a government.
David Brancaccio: The president of Greece is trying to push the main parties there to form an emergency government. If not, there will be new elections. That could up-end the promises Greece made to cut budgets in return for bailout money.
George Christides covers the economy as a freelance journalist based in the Greek city of Thessaloniki. Good morning.
George Christides: Good morning.
Brancaccio: What do you think happens to the promises that Greece made to cut its budgets if there is indeed another election?
Christides: Yes, I think it's quite clear that if the left-wing Syriza party that is currently leading the polls gets the majority along with other leftist parties, then there will be no following up with our commitments toward the troika. So I think it's a poker game, they'll play the card that if we go down, we take Europe with us. If, on the other hand, there is a majority of pro-bailout parties, then I think there will still be an effort to renegotiate the terms for the bailout, but Greece will have a better chance of staying in the euro.
Brancaccio: Are people coming to grips with the idea that the country might, just might have to leave the euro and go back to the drachma?
Christides: Although 80 percent of the Greek people wish to remain the eurozone, I'm afraid to say that for many people, returning to the drachma might seem like a salvation instead of a doomsday scenario. This is where the major political parties have failed to convince them that a financial armageddon might ensue in case we have to leave the eurozone. The same stands for Europeans as well, coming to grips with a possible Greek exit.
Brancaccio: George Christides is a freelance journalist with United Reporters, based in Thessaloniki in Greece. Mr. Christides, thank you very much.
Christides: Thank you, it's been my pleasure. | <urn:uuid:712abf27-5a09-4920-990b-a0f76fa9a599> | 2013-05-24T01:57:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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There are no listings that match your search criteria. Please modify your search or try a new search.
Check for spelling errors and spell out abbreviations in full.
Use variations of names (i.e. "Tom" or "Thomas"), or use the first three letters of a name or term followed by * ("Tom*").
Remove some criteria to broaden your search.
Broaden the geographic scope of your search.
Eliminate the choice of English as a language in English-speaking countries. | <urn:uuid:e2ca149e-e9fd-486d-a387-7d83abc6fede> | 2013-05-24T01:50:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I love the simple life,yet me know to get there we must compromise. I'm looking for simple, down to earth person who enjoys outdoors activities, road trips and stays healthy. Someone who knows the meaning of loving and forgiving. Someone who I may be able to learn from new things everyday. I do enjoy cooking and staying home watching a movie. Though I enjoy going out, not partying irrationally. | <urn:uuid:31194113-8d2b-4f43-978e-597e465ff230> | 2013-05-24T02:06:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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My friends have described me as very sweet, funny, sarcastic, outgoing, hardworking, fun, and down to earth. I like to surround myself with positive people who enjoy the simple pleasures in life: a home-cooked meal, a great cup of coffee or a cold beer, a hike on a beautiful day, a funny movie, etc. I love to spoil the people who mean the most to me. I constantly laugh at myself, because life is too short not to! Respect and loyalty mean a lot to me. I give great shoulder/neck massages. I like to work out and stay pretty healthy, although every once in a while, a good feast is in order.
I'm interested in meeting a man who is intelligent, funny, witty and genuine, as I believe that I possess all of those qualities as well. I am definitely attracted to a confident yet humble man, and one who is appreciative of a good woman. A strong sense of self is very important, because it makes us aware of what we're worth and capable of loving others. My family and close friends mean the world to me, so my match would also go to great lengths for the people that he cares about.
As far as going out, I enjoy going to comedy clubs, the movies, bowling, hiking, or to a great restaurant/brewery. Exploring NYC and seeing shows is another one of my favorite things to do when I can get there, as I'm a performer by nature. But at the end of a busy day or week, there's nothing better than laughing with someone who makes you uncontrollably smile.
If you're looking for a fun woman with a great sense of humor, feel free to drop me an email. Thanks for reading and good luck in your search! | <urn:uuid:c5e0f69b-6f11-401b-be1e-ac1e28c77989> | 2013-05-24T01:30:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Google Reveals Spanner
Google released information about Spanner, a database system to distribute data globally. The distributed database and technology aims to enable applications to read and write data without latency issues. Jack Clark explains that the software helps the system replicate data across countries and continents, while offering extremely fast read times. The applications use Spanner to quickly identify the bits and bytes scattered on servers throughout the world. | <urn:uuid:b398faf4-c9b6-4ba8-98ef-9f6a9b922395> | 2013-05-24T01:54:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Fasting girls is a Victorian term for young females, usually preadolescent, who, it was claimed, were capable of surviving over indefinitely long periods of time without consuming any food or other nourishment. Fasting girls were not only girls who refused food but who also drew attention to their fast by claiming to have special religious and/or magical powers. The ability to survive without nourishment was attributed to some saints during the Middle Ages, including Catherine of Siena and Lidwina of Schiedam, and regarded as a miracle and a sign of sanctity. Numerous cases of fasting girls were reported in the late 19th century. Believers regarded such cases as miraculous. In some cases, the fasting girls also exhibited the appearance of stigmata. Doctors, however, ascribed the phenomenon to fraud and to hysteria on the part of the girl. Joan Jacobs Brumberg believes it to be an earlier incarnation of anorexia nervosa.
Mollie Fancher, otherwise known as the "Brooklyn Enigma," was extremely well known for her claim of not eating, or eating very little for extended periods of time. She attended a reputable school and by all reports was an excellent student. At age 16, she was diagnosed with dyspepsia. At around the age of 19, reports came out that she had abstained from eating for seven weeks. It was after two accidents in 1864 and 1865 that she became famous for her ability to abstain from food. As a result of the accidents Mollie Fancher lost her ability to see, touch, taste, and smell. She claimed to have powers that involved her being able to predict events as well as to read without the ability of sight. By the late 1870s she was claiming to eat little or nothing at all for many months. Her claim to abstinence from food lasted for 14 years. Doctors and people in the public began to question her abilities and wished to perform tests to determine the truthfullness of her claims. The claims to abstinence were never verified, and she died in February 1916.
A tragic case was that of Sarah Jacob (May 12, 1857-December 17, 1869), the "Welsh fasting girl," who claimed not to be eating any food at all after the age of twelve. A local vicar, initially skeptical, became convinced that the case was authentic. She enjoyed a long period of publicity, during which she received numerous gifts and donations from people who believed she was miraculous; but doctors were becoming increasingly skeptical about her claims. Doctors eventually proposed that she be monitored in a hospital environment to see whether her claims about fasting were true. In 1869, her parents agreed for a test to be conducted under strict supervision by nurses from Guy's Hospital. The nurses were instructed not to deny Sarah Jacob food if she asked for it, but to see that any she got was observed and recorded. After two weeks, she was showing clear signs of starvation. The vicar told the parents that she was failing and that the nurses ought to be sent away so that she could get food. The parents refused. They continued to refuse even when informed that the girl was dying, insisting that they had frequently seen her like this before and that lack of food had nothing to do with her symptoms. Sarah Jacob died of starvation a few days later because she had actually been consuming very little amounts of food, which she could no longer do under medical supervision.
Another tragic case was that of New Jersey's Lenora Eaton in 1881. Reputable citizens in Eaton's town promoted her as someone who had "lived without eating". During these times, Eaton was marked as a "special person and symbol of faith in the miraculous". When these claims were investigated and doctors were sent to help her, Eaton continued to refuse to eat and died after forty-five days.
In 1889, the Boston Globe ran a story, "Who Took the Cold Potato? Dr. Mary Walker Says the Fasting Girl Bit a Doughnut." Dr. Walker reported that Josephine Marie Bedard, known as the Tingwick girl, was a fraud. The evidence was circumstantial: "At the hotel I searched her clothing and found in one of her pockets a doughnut with a bite taken out of it.... On Fast day I had a lunch served to me... I left a platter with three pieces of fried potato on it. I went there and one of the pieces was gone... when I returned, Josephine had her handkerchief to her mouth." Asked whether that was all the evidence, she said "after I accused her of it she broke down and cried."
Writing in 1954, Bergen Evans called Therese Neumann (1898-1962) "the most famous of contemporary non-eaters. The number of ecclesiastical and medical dignitaries who have vouched for the truth of her claims is impressive.... millions of sober, sensible people believe beyond doubt that this woman does not eat or drink." She claimed that after 1927, nothing but the Eucharist had passed her lips. She was also a stigmatic. Evans said "The Roman Catholic church has never, officially, recognized her claims as true."
Because fasting girls were such a curiosity in the Victorian era, many companies and individuals rushed to put them on display. In the case of Josephine Marie Bedard, two different Boston-based enterprises, the Nickelodeon and Stone and Shaw's museum, competed in court for the right to "exhibit the girl" publicly. Still, even as she was used for blatant commercial gain, there was also an element of scientific inquiry in regarding Bedard as a medical phenomenon. This shows the general shift throughout the Victorian era from seeing the fasting girls as pious figures to seeing them as diseased ones, and from regarding religion as the ultimate authority to putting that faith in science and medicine.
Saturday, May 9, 2009
Wasting Away -
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A group of individuals agreeing in common attributes, and designated by a common name; a conception subordinated to another conception, called a genus, or generic conception, from which it differs in containing or comprehending more attributes, and extending to fewer individuals. Thus, man is a species, under animal as a genus; and man, in its turn, may be regarded as a genus with respect to European, American, or the like, as species.
In science, a more or less permanent group of existing things or beings, associated according to attributes, or properties determined by scientific observation.
A sort; a kind; a variety; as, a species of low cunning; a species of generosity; a species of cloth.
An officinal mixture or compound powder of any kind; esp., one used for making an aromatic tea or tisane; a tea mixture.
A group of living things that appear to have common ancestry so closely related that their characteristics definitely separate them all from any other group; a further division of a genus.
n. (L. species, particular kind) a group of interbreeding individuals, not interbreeding with another such group, being a taxonomic unit including two names in binomial nomenclature, the generic name and specific epithet, similar and related species being grouped into a genus.
A group of organisms that differ from all other groups of organisms and that are capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring. This is the smallest unit of classification for plants and animals.
A group of closely related plants under the same Genus.
The lowest group of creatures in the tree of life. The hierarchy is as follows: Kingdom; Phylum; Class; Order; Family; Genus; Species. The species is the group of creatures which share a great number of similarities and share a common name with other groups.
a group of animals or plants of the same kind ....... back
A group of organisms (individuals) that can interbreed and reproduce with each other. Used to distinguish sexually reproducing organisms into groups. Individuals from two different species cannot have offspring. They are said to be reproductively isolated. The biologist Ernst Mayr formulated this definition of a species advancing our understanding of the mechanism of evolution of higher organisms. For microbes, the species definition does not properly apply, because they do not reproduce sexually, but have an efficient mechanism to exchange genetic material even between evolutionarily distant forms. This exchange of genes is known as horizontal gene transfer. Unlike sexual reproduction, it usually involves only a fraction of an organisms genome that is being transferred and is a mechanisms of increasing genetic variability among microorganisms that does not depend on cellular reproduction (cell division).
The scientific name of a plant; the genus name and the specific epithet together; also equal to the latin name or binomial
A reproductively isolated aggregate of interbreeding organisms.
In chemistry, a distinct kind of molecule, ion, or other structure.
Groups of actually (or potentially) interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. Reproductive isolation implies that interbreeding between individuals of two species normally is prevented by intrinsic factors.
In biological systematics, group of organisms of common ancestry that are able to reproduce only among themselves and that are usually geographically distinct. See NT chemical species.
group of living things that share many common traits. Each species is different from every other species in one or more ways.
Term used to describe the group of like individuals. Classically species were defined as organisms that share certain characteristics.
kind or sort
a group of animals or plants that have one or more characteristics in common .............. back
A certain type of plant or animal
The division of animal classification below Genus. A group of animals having common attributes, designated by a common name, that has the same structure, and that can breed together.
a group of organisms that are very much alike and reproduce in their natural environment. We belong to the human species.
A cohesive historical lineage of ancestral-descendant populations of organisms that maintains its identity from other such lineages. A species comes into being at a branching event (when one lineage becomes one or more lineages), and ceases to exist either at a branching event (when it gives rise to new species) or when the lineage is terminated through extinction.
A group of animals or plants, whose members breed naturally only with each other.
a single kind of organism; white-tail and mule are different species of deer
more information for scientifically naming a plant. The species name follows the genus. Caesalpinia (genus) pulcherrima (species). Red bird-of-paradise (common name).
Level of taxonomy below Genus. The second part of a bird's scientific name is the species name. The species name is never capitalized.
a group of similar individuals that can breed among themselves. A biological category used to classify organisms.
A group of plants or animals that are uniquely distinguished from others, sharing various characteristics, and usually that are able to reproduce. Species are often broken down into additional subcategories, such as sub-species or varieties.
One of the major classifying categories of taxonomy, representing divisions of a genus, and sometimes further classified into subspecies.
Used when naming plants. Designates a specific species of the 'Genus' and is best described as the plant worlds equivalent to our Christian names (or first names). Will follow the Genus name and is usually in Latin. Note: Once a plants full name is used, i.e. Hedera helix, future listings will abbreviate the Genus name and follow it with the species name. An example would be, H. helix, as the next plant in a listing.
group of organisms which interbreed and are reproductively isolated from all other such groups.
The basic unit of taxonomic classification, designating a group of closely related individuals that are capable of interbreeding.
A group of organisms defined by their ability to interbreed with only each other.
A segment of a population-level lineage that is evolving separately from other such lineage segments as indicated by one or more lines of evidence (e.g., distinguishability, reproductive isolation, monophyly, etc.).
the most specific taxonomic classification; an interbreeding population of individual organisms; often abbreviated as 'sp.' in reference to a single species or 'spp.' when referencing several species
The fundamental biological classification consisting of very similar plants or animals.
genetically distinct population(s) that interbreed but are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
a group of individuals that share features and are able to interbreed under natural conditions to yield fertile offspring.
a group of populations capable of successfully interbreeding and reproductively isolated from other such populations (The White-tailed Deer is a common species of mammal found in the Pinelands.)
A biological type; on MSDSs, species refers to the test animals -- usually rats, mice, or rabbits -- which were used to obtain the toxicity test data reported.
A class of individuals having common attributes and designated by a common name; a category of biological classification ranking immediately below the genus or subgenus; comprising related organisms or populations potentially capable of interbreeding.
1. Freely interbreeding population of organisms. The organisms in a species usually share a large number of characters. Their offspring are fertile. (Some species can interbreed, but their offspring are infertile.) 2. Generally the lowest level in a taxonomy. A category of animals or plants below a genus. Sometimes breed is specified below it, such as for cultivated plants.
A group of organisms that are closely related
a taxonomic category of individuals or populations capable of breeding among themselves, but not usually with other individual or populations
A group of organisms with many common characteristics; a collection of closely related strains sufficiently different from all other strains to be recognized as a distinct unit.
Animals, plants or micro-organisms that are so similar that they are able to have offspring.
Group of similar individuals having a number of correlated characteristics and sharing a common gene pool. The species is the basic unit of taxonomy on which the binomial system has been established. The scientific name of a plant or animal gives the genus first and then the species as in Abies (genus) grandis (species). Species is both the singular and plural form of the word.
groups or individuals of closely connected plants within a genus.
a natural population that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
A distinct population that tends, in nature, not to mix reproductively with other populations.
a group of organisms that can breed or produce offspring
Taxonomic designation for the unique name of a living organism.
A group of individuals of common ancestry that closely resemble each other structurally and physiologically and that can interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
Part of the plant classification system. This is used to describe closely related plants. See also genus and family.
A class of individuals having some common characteristics or qualities.
The taxonomic unit (the most specific taxonomic category). It designates individuals with similar morphologic structures, who can reproduce with each other.
a particular kind of plant or animal; all members of a species share certain characteristics and are known by a specific name. A subspecies is a division of a species.
It is hard to define a species absolutely because the process of one species becoming two or changing into another species is so slow that there is no point at which one can say 'Now! It's a different species from yesterday!'. The most simple definition is a group of organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring. Species are the smallest unit of biological taxonomy, and are grouped together with similar species to form a genus.
The name given to a single kind of organism. Species can be divided into sub-species.
a group of interbreeding organisms that can produce offspring with the capacity for viable reproduction.
the smallest unit in biological classification. Members of the same species are able to breed among themselves successfully. Similar species are grouped within one genus.
A group of individuals with certain common characteristics
A group of individuals or populations that are similar in structure and physiology and are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. Separate species typically are different in structure and/or physiology from each other and normally do not interbreed. A species name is the second word of a scientific name and is not capitalized.
Living things such as plants and animals.
a genetic subdivision whose numbers are capable of mating and producing fertile progeny
Group of animals or plants subordinate in classification to genus that can interbreed and differ only in minor details.
A population of individuals that are more or less alike and that are able to breed and produce fertile offspring. A category of biological grouping just below the genus or subgenus level.
a group of biologically distinct organisms that are self-perpetuating
A naturally occurring population or group of potentially interbreeding populations that is reproductively isolated (i.e., cannot exchange genetic material) from such other groups. This definition does not apply to asexually reproducing forms such as many types of Monera or Protista, etc.
individuals of the same type which are able to interbreed to produce fertile offspring under natural conditions contributing to a common gene pool.
Living things that are grouped by their common attributes and can reproduce only among themselves. Human beings are one species; dogs are another.
distinct kinds of individual plants or animals that have common traits and share a common name.
Population of organisms that can interbreed and produce offspring that can also reproduce with one another. A closed gene pool.
Taxon for biological species based on binomial nomenclature, italicized and using genus and trivial name; e.g., Triceratops horridus, Tyrannosaurus rex.
a group of related plants or animals that can interbreed to produce offspring.
(SPE· cies). A population of interbreeding organisms that are capable of, and do under natural conditions, reproduce fertile offspring.
A group of organisms that are similar and can interbreed.
a group of animals that can have young who can also have young (this word should really be in a science glossary)
A group of animals and plants that have many things in common, and are different in at least one other way from all others.
a group of similar creatures that produce viable young when breeding.
A population or group of populations that are in reproductive contact but are reproductively isolated from all other populations.
A group of interbreeding plants or animals. Subspecies and races are subgroups of individuals of the same species in the process (called speciation) of becoming a separate species.
A distinct kind of wood.
Plants or animals that are the same as each other and breed only with one another.
A population of plants whose members are potentially able to breed with each other and which is reproductively isolated from other populations.
Living things of the same kind that are potentially able to breed together and produce fertile offspring (i.e., offspring that themselves can reproduce). Usually, different species cannot interbreed but this rule is not absolute (for example, a horse and donkey can interbreed to produce a mule, although this animal cannot reproduce, see hybrid). Even within one species, interbreeding may not always occur because of natural barriers. Among some plants and many micro-organisms, the concept of a species does not always work. In these groups, species that appear different may be able to successfully create offspring under certain circumstances.
a group of similar organisms that have a shared origin and the ability to breed freely with one another.
The basic category in the Linnaean sequence. A species may best be defined as a group of inter-breeding individuals with so many features in common that they form a distinct, and generally recognisable, group. In practice, the interbreeding criterion cannot always be used, for example with fossils, so species can often only be defined subjectively. One or more species are included in a genus. more on the species concept
a group of individuals taxonomically ordered according to common attributes and designated by a common name.
A single type of plant or animal, not a group like genus or family. Each species has a two-word scientific name that includes the name of the genus it belongs to and then the name of the species. Another way to think of this is the Genus is the "Generic" name and the Species is the "Specific" name.
a specific kind of something; "a species of molecule"; "a species of villainy"
a breeding population that can produce fertile offspring among its members, but not outside its group
a classification of life forms that share enough genetic traits that they can interbreed to produce offspring that are still able to breed
a collection of genetically similar individuals
a collection of organisms that evolved according to Darwin's Five Laws
a collection of populations, all genetically related
a constant succession of similar individuals that can reproduce together
a diagnosable cluster of individuals within which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent, beyond which there is not, and which exhibits a pattern of phylogenetic ancestry and descent among units of like kind
a distinct, qualitatively definite state of living matter
a freely interbreeding population whose members do not interbreed with those of other populations
a grouping of individuals that interbreed successfully
a group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations reproductively isolated from other such populations
a group of animals or plants all of which are similar enough in form to be considered as minor variations of the same organism
a group of animals which can breed together, but who can't breed with others
a group of animals which have a number of features in common and which are not shared by any other group of animals
a group of animals with similar physical characteristics that can and do interbreed and share the same gene pool
a group of freely interbreeding individuals that will not interbreed with other members of the same genus in its natural environment
a group of individuals that can reproduce together
a group of insects having many characteristics in common which differ from all other forms in one or more ways
a group of living organisms (plants, animals, or microbes) that breed under natural and to which many human cultures have become adapted
a group of living organisms (plants, animals, or microbes) that breed under natural conditions and are reproductively isolated from other populations
a group of morphologically similar organisms that can and do interbreed, thus sharing the same gene pool
a group of morphologically similar organisms which can and do reproduce with one another
a group of organisms - plant, animal, or microbe - of a single kind
a group of organisms sharing a closely related common gene pool because of frequent interbreeding
a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can INTERBREED
a group of organisms that a) have the same evolutionary ancestor
a group of organisms that are so genetically similar that they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
a group of organisms that can interbreed and create viable offspring
a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature to
a group of organisms that can willingly and successfully interbreed, creating reproductively capable offspring of a similar type
a group of organisms that have structural, functional, and developmental similarities and that are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
a group of organisms that interbreed naturally among themselves but not with individuals from other groups
a group of organisms that look alike and can breed among themselves and a genus is a broader division of classification
a group of organisms that normally interbreed in nature to produce fertile offspring
a group of organisms that recognize each other for the purpose of mating and fertilization
a group of organisms whose members can interbreed in nature and produce viable, offspring, though this concept cannot apply to organisms or to fossils
a group of organisms with a unique set of characteristics (body shape and behavior, for example) that distinguishes them from other organisms
a group of plants or animals that are genetically similar and so are able to reproduce with each other
a group of plants or animals that breed together but do not breed outside the group
a group of plants or animals whose genes are so similar that they can breed together and produce fertile offspring
a group of populations through which genes can flow and whose offspring have a fitness equal to the parents
a group of population s whose individual members would, if given the opportunity, interbreed
a group of populations whose individual members would, if given the opportunity, interbreed with individuals of other populations of that group
a group of related individuals or populations which are potentially capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
a group of sexually-reproducing, interbreeding individuals that under normal conditions are unable to interbreed with another group
a group of similar organisms that can mate to produce fertile, viable offspring
a group or population of similar organisms that reproduce among themselves but do not naturally reproduce with any other kinds of organisms
a life form that cannot breed successfully other than with its own kind
a lineage (an ancestor descendant sequence) of populations or organisms that maintains its identity from other such lineages and which has its own evolutionary tendencies
a more finely tuned group whose members share the same general characteristics
an actually or potentially interbreeding population that does not interbreed with other such populations when there is opportunity to do so
an arbitrary class or cluster of organisms given a name as a handle
an array of populations which are actually or potentially interbreeding, and which are reproductively isolated from other such arrays under natural conditions'
an article from the Business (International) category
an assemblage of individuals agreeing with each other in all essential characters of vegetation and fructification, capable of reproducing perfect seed from which progeny can be reared
an evolved or evolving, genetically distinctive, reproductively isolated, natural population
an excellent diagnostic characteristic for S
an important biological grouping of organisms whose members have similar structures, normally interbreed, and produce fertile offspring
an intrabreeding population, which rarely breeds with a different breeding population
an isolated group of individuals whose sum of characters tends to keep constant by natural inbreeding
an organic form which, for periods of great and indefinite length as compared with the duration of human life, fluctuates only within narrow limits
a particular kind of organism
a pool of organisms that can exchange their genetic information
a population of beings that can reproduce sexually and produce fertile offspring
a population of individual organisms that can interbreed in nature, mating and producing fertile offspring in a natural setting
a population of indiviuals who interbreed, as opposed to a population of organisms who merely share the same environment
a population of organisms that can interbreed with eachother, not not other populations
a population of organisms which are capable, under natural conditions, of interbreeding and producing viable offspring, and which are reproductively isolated from other similar groups
a population that interbreeds and is reproductively isolated from other populations
a set of individuals who can interbreed and have fertile progeny
a set of populations capable of combining with each other but not with other similar sets of populations on the basis of affinity and co-direction in ecological speciation
a single lineage of ancestral descendant populations of organisms which maintains its identity from other such lineages and which has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate
a single organism, not a group
a single type of organism
a special group
a specific name given to a plant or animal
a subjective unit insofar as it is based on only a sample of the population and insofar as the point of separation where there is some overlap must be arbitrary
a group of related living things that have characteristics in common
a group of animals that mate together successfully; a naming classification
A unique group of animals, different from other groups.
A class of individuals or objects grouped by virtue of their common attributes and assigned a common name.
Populations of organisms that may interbreed and produce fertile offspring having similar structure, habits, and functions.
A group of related animals or plants that differ only in minor attributes; able to interbreed among themselves
A group of individuals that are capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring under natural conditions.
A basic taxonomic group consisting of individuals of common ancestry who strongly resemble each other physiologically and who interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
The sub-genus classification of salmonids being sampled.
a kind of organism; organisms that are very similar to one another; they usually reproduce only among themselves
One of the lowest principal biological classification units, which recognizes distinct (non-interbreeding) groups of similar organisms.
A particular group of plant or animal that can only reproduce with others of the same kind.
Usually, the smallest unit of classification; includes individuals which can breed with each other, produce viable offspring, have the same chromosome number, and share a common gene pool.
group of similar plants which can freely interbreed.
a group of similar plants or animals which will interbreed
A group of living things that is very closely related and can interbreed.
A gem with distinctive characteristics that are well defined.
A group of very similar plants that can freely interbreed and are signified by the second word of the botanical name. See Genus.
the smallest taxonomic unit defining a group of animals or plants that are unable to breed to produce fertile offspring.
the smallest taxonomic unit defining a group of animals that are unable to breed to produce fertile offspring. (see classification)
a certain kind of animals within a closely related group
subordinate classification to a genus; reproductively isolated organisms that have common characteristics, such as eastern white pine or white-tailed deer.
Generally regarded as a group or organisms that resemble each other to a greater degree than members of other groups and that form a reproductively isolated group that will not normally breed with members of another group.
The lowest-ranking common taxonomic rank. These names are not capitalized.
The lowest major level of classification.
a group of organisms that form an interbreeding population that is reproductively isolated from other populations
All the individuals in a population that can breed and produce fertile young.
A group of organisms different from all others in that they do not interbreed with any others.
a group of individuals or populations that are similar and are able to mate and have offspring.
A group of plants (or animals) showing intergradation among its individuals and having in common one or more characteristics which definitely separate it from any other group; a kind of plant distinct from other plants.
A group of similiar animals, reproductively isolated from all other such groups and able to breed and produce viable offspring.
a group of plants or animals that share common characteristics
A classification ranking just below the genus and made up of closely related plants that possibly can cross with one another.
organisms that can reproduce their own kind (see also Genus) (A distinct animal or plant group that shares similar characteristics and can produce offspring within its group.)
A population of organisms which are able to interbreed freely under natural conditions.
(singular or plural): A group of plants or animals whose members breed naturally only with each other and resemble each other more closely than they resemble members of any similar group.
A class of individuals having common attributes and designated by a common name; a logical division of a genus or more comprehensive class (Merriam-Webster 1996).
Most specific level of scientific classification; below Genus
the basic unit of classification which usually refers to one or several groups of plants or other living organisms that interbreed and maintain their distinctive identity through successive generations
A class of individual plants or animals having some common characteristics or qualities which makes them distinct from other classes of plants or animals.
the basic category of biological classification, ranking below the genus; a species consists of related organisms or populations potentially capable of interbreeding; a species is designated by a two part name consisting of its genus and a specific epithet; see also subspecies
a group of organisms (living things) capable of reproducing to give fertile off-spring.
momo Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
A group of individuals biologically capable of interbreeding and which have a common ancestor.
Organisms that are genetically related, similar physically, and can reproduce viable offspring. This is the most useful taxonomical name because every living creature is assigned a unique species name, which is composed of two parts.
A class of plants or animals having common attributes and designated by a common name. Theoretically, plants or animals of different species cannot interbreed. However, occasionally this does not hold true.
Espèce Familienbezeichnung, f Especie A population or series of populations whose individuals have the potential to freely breed with one another and that is discontinuous in variation from other populations or series of populations; a fundamental category of taxonomic classification, ranking
A kind of plant that is distinct from other plants.
A group of organisms that are biologically capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring. It is the lowest normal taxonomic unit in use. Meagher, 1991
A population of morphologically similar organisms that can reproduce sexually among themselves but that cannot produce fertile offspring when mated with other organisms.
A group of organisms that have similar characteristics and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
This is the defining identification of a living organism. Based upon taxonomy it is usually a latinised adjective or noun and is never capitalised and is usually italicised. Species may only have varieties after it, although the specific name may also be double-barreled.
the basic unit of biological classification. Generally defined as an aggregation of individuals similar in appearance and structure, mating freely and producing young that themselves mate freely and bear fertile offspring. Abbreviated to sp. for one species and spp. for two or more species.
A group of organisms with a unique set of characteristics (like beak shape and behaviour) that distinguishes them from other organisms. If they reproduce, individuals within the same species can produce offspring that can make more offspring.
Groups of plant or animal organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. In the taxonomic hierarchy, 'species' joins with the higher level 'genus' to give the binomial term 'Genus species'.
A taxonomic category ranking which is beneath genus. Individuals of the same species are genetically, morphologically, and physiologically differentiated from any other population. The specific name is designated by an uncapitalized Latin noun or adjective, and it constitutes the second term in a scientific name.
group of related organisms or populations capable of interbreeding.
A group of organisms capable of interbreeding freely with each other but not with members of other species (this is a simplified definition; species concept is much more complex). - A taxonomic rank below a genus, consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes( gene) or interbreeding.
Creatures that are extremely similar to one another belong to the same species.
A group of organisms which are biologically capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring with each other but not with members of other species
The fundamental category of biological classification, ranking below the genus and in some species composed of subspecies or varieties; of various definitions, the most common is the "Biological Species Concept" "Species are actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups."
Numbers of domains present in a variety of selected taxa ( animal, archaea, bacteria, fungi, plants and protozoa) are shown in annotation pages.
All plants and animals are divided into groups with similar characteristics. The basic building block for this division is the species. Organisms of the same species can interbreed. Species with common characteristics are grouped into a genus (plural genera). Genera with similar characteristics are grouped into a family. Each species is given a scientific name of two words, the genus and species. These names are latin so they can be recognized worldwide. Common names, on the other hand, vary from nation to nation, and even within a nation. Examples: Species: Mallard Scientific Name: Anus platyrhynchos Species: Northern Pintail Scientific Name: Anus acuta Both the Mallard and Pintail are in the same genus Anus and are also grouped into the family of ducks, geese, and swans.
individual plants bearing certain characters in common.
the fundamental and unique category in the classification of all living things, for example, the song sparrow, the bluebird, the monarch butterfly, the azure butterfly, the lion, the tiger, etc.
A taxonomic level above genotype. All creatures in a species are similar on a functional and structural level, but not necessarily in all instruction positions on their genome. Species can be used to study clouds around an archetype ( quasispecies) in genome space.
A biological classification that combines organisms sharing common characteristics and are able to mate and produce fertile offspring.
a subdivision of a genus—second word in a plant's botanical name such as Rosa moschata—musk rose
a population of individuals that are more or less alike, and that breed and produce fertile offspring under natural conditions.
One or more animals which closely resemble one another. A group of them together forms a genus.
The category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus consisting of related organisms capable of interbreeding.
Organisms that are capable of interbreeding and is designated by a binomial term in Latin. The species designation of timber wolf or gray wolf is Canis lupus.
A group of organisms which resemble each other to a greater degree than members of other groups and which form a reproductively isolated group that will not normally breed with member of another group. Similar species are grouped into genera, genera are grouped into families, families into orders, orders into classes, classes into phyla (for animals) and divisions (for plants), these are grouped into Kingdoms.
a group of individuals that share certain physical characteristics and are capable of producing fertile offspring.
A group of living organisms that can interbreed to produce viable offspring.
A category of biological classification; a class of individuals having common attributes and designated by a common name. "Species" is always properly used with the "s" when referring to trees or other biological classifications.
a biological species is a group of individuals that can actually or theoretically interbreed successfully with one another but not with members of other groups or species.
a class of individual organisms having some common characteristics or qualities; usually similar or alike in appearance; always able to breed among themselves; by some defintions unable to breed with members of other species. The following papers by Kenneth Cumming provide more information: On the Changing Definition of the Term "Species" | Patterns of Speciation | Reticulate Evolution
A group of organisms that is formally recognized as distinct from other groups; also a taxon of the rank of species, i.e., a category below genus.
Species is a group of living things that can mate to produce fertile offspring.
groups of animals with shared characteristics that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring Red-headed and red-bellied woodpeckers are two different species of woodpeckers.
One or more populations of interbreeding or potentially interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated in nature from all other organisms. Populations of individuals capable of interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring. The least inclusive taxonomic category commonly used. PICTURE
One kind of organism. Of sexually reproducing organisms, one or more natural populations in which individuals are interbreeding and are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
A population or series of populations whose individuals have the potential to freely breed with one another and that is discontinuous in variation from other populations or series of populations; a fundamental category of taxonomic classification that ranks below genus.
A group containing all the individulas of a particular kind of plant.
the basic lower unit of classification. Biological species refers to individuals capable of interbreeding.
a "kind" of bird, usually referring to a group of interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups; a species represents a unique evolutionary lineage
A distinction for a specific type of animals. For example, geese are a species and ducks are a species. There may be many breeds of each species. Typically species cannot interbreed successfully, for example a duck and a goose can not produce offspring together. If species can cross the offspring are typically sterile like a mule (horse x donkey).
The “global family†of a organism, that can breed or reproduce with one another (“global family†refers to all of the human, rabbits, cats, dogs; etc; they all are the same, no matter the color of fur or eyes; etc.)
(both singular and plural) a natural population or group of populations that are reproductively isolated and transmit specific characteristics from parent to offspring.
a group of individuals that has similar characteristics and breeds only with another member of the same group
Group of organisms with common or similar characteristics and capable of inter breeding.
A reproductively isolated group of interbreeding organisms.
The main category of taxonomic classification into which living organisms are subdivided, comprising a group of similar individuals having a number of correlated characteristics.
a group of closely related organisms capable of mating and producing fertile offspring.
A group of natural relations that can interbreed.
Difficult to define rigorously in two or three lines. Defined very simply in a phylogenetic context, species are the smallest lineages that are mutually exclusive of other lineages. The internal branches of a phylogeny may be viewed as ancestral species. Note, however, that the unit lineages of a gene phylogeny are not species (see also terminal).
a singular or plural term for a population or series of populations of organisms that are capable of interbreeding freely with each other but not with members of other species. Includes a number of cases: endemic species: a species originating in, or belonging to, a particular region. Both "endemic" and "indigenous" are preferred over "native." exotic species: a species introduced accidentally or intentionally to a region beyond its natural range. "Exotic" is preferred over "alien," "foreign" and "non-native.' subspecies: a subdivision of a species. A population or series of populations occupying a discrete range and differing genetically from other subspecies of the same species.
Taxa) Richness: A biological index of river health, species ( taxa) richness is the number of species or taxa present in a biological sample.
A group of similar animals that are isolated reproductively and produce viable offspring. They may include on or more subspecies.
All of the organisms that are capable of interbreeding with each other under natural conditions to produce fertile offsprings (bisexual organisms) or all of the morphologically and genetically similar descendants of some inferred ancestral individual (asexual organisms).
The species is the primary or fundamental concept in the understanding of the forms of life. It is the basic unit in classification. Species are combined into genera and variations or subordinate forms of these may be distinguished as subspecies, variety and form in descending order of the botanical hierarchy.
A basic taxonomic category.
members of a species of plants or animals can breed with another member and produce fertile (capable of reproducing) offspring. In this way, a species maintains its ‘separateness' from other species; for example, yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna are two distinct tuna species, whereas the general term ‘tuna' includes all tuna species.
a type of animal or plant.
The species designations of animals under study.
The taxanomic category subordinate to a genus. A group of like individuals. The second part of a scientific name identifies a particular species. (See Genus)
Species: Organisms with similar phenetic and genetic characteristics that can mate and produce viable offspring that can also mate and produce viable offspring.
Biological _ A small group of organisms formally recognized by the scientific community as distinct from other groups. legal _ refers to joint policy of the USFWS and NMFS that considers a species as defined by the ESA to include biological species, subspecies, and DPSs.
(spee´ shees) [L.: kind] • The basic lower unit of classification, consisting of a population or series of populations of closely related and similar organisms. The more narrowly defined "biological species" consists of individuals capable of interbreeding freely with each other but not with members of other species.
Taxonomic groups, usually defined by inability to interbreed and produce viable offspring. Species are reproductively isolated from each other. Genes in one species cannot combine with genes from another species and produce a successfully reproducing vehicle (individual).
A group of individuals, usually identifiable by a set of distinctive features, with a unique evolutionary history. Classically, the members of a species can interbreed only with each other to produce fertile offspring.
a class or specific type of organism; a group of individuals related by descent, and able to breed among themselves but not with other animals
(sp' sh z) The category of organization for taxonomy below genus, representing animals capable of interbreeding with each other. The scientific name for a species is generally written with the genus in binomial form. Example: Homo sapiens.
the basic unit of Linnaean classification; a taxonomic subdivision of genus represented by plants that can freely interbreed but rarely with other species. In the scientific name Sambucus nigra, the genus is Sambucus and the species epithet is nigra ; together Sambucus nigra constitutes the species
A group of animals or plants having common characteristics and able to breed together to produce fertile (capable of reproducing) offspring, so that they maintain their ‘separateness' from other groups. For example, yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna are two distinct tuna species, whereas general terms like ‘tuna' and ‘trout' each represent groups of species.
a taxon comprising one or more populations of individuals capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
seeing, appearance, shape, kind or quality
the smallest classification group of organisms. organisms of the same species mate and produce healthy young
subdivision of biological classification composed of related organisms that share common characteristics and can interbreed.
Group within a genus, the members of which share similar characteristics and can breed successfully together.
The basic unit of biological classification. This definition is open to very wide interpretation and what one person regards as just another species, may be seen by someone else, to be a totally separate genus or only a form.
A group of plants or animals that have certain common features which set them apart from others.
The species, an adjective, often refers to a place, the plant's characteristics/appearance, or the name of the person credited with discovering it. Species is abbreviated sp. or spp.
Different definitions are available dependent upon the characters being used to define a species. See also biological species concept, morphospecies concept and phylogenetic species concept.... More
A group of animals that have the same characteristics
a group of organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring
A group of plants, animals, or microorganisms that have a high degree of similarity and generally can interbreed only among themselves.
a group of similar organisms whose members can breed with one another to produce fertile offspring.
the second or specific part of the scientific name of a plant
Organisms in the same genus that have similar characteristics.
The subdivision of Genus; the second name in Latin nomenclature i.e. Acer PALMATUM.
A group of organisms that can interbreed with each other and produce fertile offspring. It is the fundamental unit of biological evolution.
A population or series of populations of closely related and similar organisms. The individuals within a species are able to interbreed freely with each other, producing healthy, fertile offspring. Members of a species are not able to interbreed successfully with members of other species.
(1) a group of organisms that have a unique set of characteristics (like body shape and behavior) that distinguishes them from other organisms. If they reproduce, individuals within the same species can produce fertile offspring. (2) the basic unit of biological classification. Scientists refer to species using both their genus and species name. The house cat, for example, is called Felis catus.
the taxonomic division of freely interbreeding population of wild or naturally occurring individuals below genus.
Living things of the same kind that are potentially capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring. Theoretically, plants or animals of different species cannot interbreed. However, occasionally this does not hold true.
Database entry containing a sequence and associated information. Not necessarily consistent with a taxonomic species
Any subspecies of fish, wildlife, or plants, and any distinct population segment of any species or vertebrate fish or wildlife that interbreeds when mature.
A group of animals that under normal conditions can have offspring together.
in the same or like form or kind. There are many species of finches available today, and many look a lot a like. Always know what species of finch you have before attempting to locate a mate. Society Finches and Zebra Finches are examples of two different species.
pl. A category of classification, ranking below a genus, consisting of closely related organisms capable of interbreeding. An organism belonging to a species is represented by an uncapitalized Latin name and a capitalized genus name, as in Hyacinthoides non-scripta, the Bluebell.
all the populations of organisms that are capable of breeding under natural conditions and that are reproductively isolated from other organisms; the basic lower unit of biological classification.
the basic unit of taxonomy. A species is defined as a group of individuals that are genetically related and can interbreed to produce fertile young of the same kind.
the basic category of biological classif ication, designating a single kind of animal or plant. Abbreviation: sp. &endash; plural: spp.
The most basic level by which plants and animals may be grouped. Scientists have an ongoing friendly debate about how to define a species. One commonly held view is that the group is the lowest level of organisms that can breed with one another and that cannot breed freely with other groups of plants and animals. As technology allows researchers to peer ever more deeply into the genetic makeup of organisms, the definition comes under increasing challenge. Perhaps the most valuable characteristic of a species is the fact that it’s the basic unit of classification.
a group of very similar plants. Species are grouped together into Genera.
A gem with distinct characteristics that are well defined.
a group of organisms that breed with each other to produce fertile offspring.
A distinct group of organisms that interbreed to produce organisms substatively the same as the parents. Species roses are roses that appear naturally in the wild - at least most of them are.
As usually used within this article, a species is a reproductively isolated group of organisms capable of interbreeding in the wild and producing viable, fertile offspring. This is known as the Biological Species Concept (BSC). An alternative statement of the BSC defines a species as the most inclusive group of sexual and cross-fertilizing individuals which share a common gene pool. However, this concept breaks down for asexual species, fossil species, and even sexual species in many cases. In reality there are only degrees of reproductive and genetic isolation, so species are not absolute entities. Joseph Boxhorn has given a more detailed analysis of the species concept in the "Observed Instances of Speciation" FAQ. Note, the BSC has interesting implications for the nature of the last universal common ancestor of all life, especially if horizontal genetic transfer was extensive then (as it is today between the different unicellular "species" of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes).
a subdivision of a genus, almost identifcal organisms, a clone
A group of interbreeding populations that are more or less reproductively isolated from all other kinds of organisms.
division of plants or herbs which contain individuals capable of reproducing with each other.
A classification of related organisms that can freely interbreed.
A group of similar organisms within the same genus which are usually capable of interbreeding, and are distinctly different from other members of the genus.
a group of organisms which normally can interbreed
organisms that successfully reproduce among themselves and cannot reproduce successfully with other organisms.
A group of similar fish that can freely interbreed.
A group of animals or plants that are the same and breed together, eg. the New Zealand robin.
a single kind of plant or animal; about 34,000 species of spiders known so far worldwide in a little over 100 families; presumably many more species are undiscovered
The smallest unit of classification. Individuals in a species are assumed to have emanated from a single original genetic source and are sexually compatible with each other.
A group of generally related tree species for which similar management practices have been developed.
Depending on how they were listed under the ESA, species is defined as species, subspecies, distinct population segment (DPS), or Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU).
A set of creatures which, in their natural setting, breed among themselves.
Different types of plants e.g. cocksfoot and ryegrass are different species
Species generally grouped for marketing convenience and identified with a single commercial name. (See ASTM D 1165, Standard Nomenclature of Domestic Hardwoods and Softwoods, for commercial practice in the United States and Canada.)
a group of organisms that are similar in structure and can mate and produce fertile offspring
species is a group of living things that breed with each other in nature and produce offspring that can also breed. Coyotes can breed together, and the pups can breed when they grow up, so all coyotes are one species. Bobcats can't breed with coyotes, so they're a different species. In nature, living things in the same species usually look pretty much alike.
A taxon of the rank of species; in the hierarchy of biological classification the category below genus; the basic unit of biological classification; the lowest principal category of zoological classification.
Organism classification that includes individuals that share the same heredity, are similar in morphology and behaviour, and can produce similar offspring.
A subdivion of a genus in the classification of plants. Species of plants are distinguished by the characteristics of fruits,flowers, leaves, bark and wood.
The basic unit of classification in biology. Examples are the bald eagle, the polar bear, the monarch butterfly, and the tawny mole cricket. The word is both singular (a species) and plural (two species). Species are grouped into genera, and genera are grouped into family. The words kind, sort, type, strain, and variety are not part of this classification even though newspaper reporters often use them as if they were.
A group of related organisms with common characteristics that are capable of interbreeding. Loblolly and Virginia pine are examples of two different tree species.
A group of biological organisms that interbreed to produce fertile offspring or possess common characteristics derived from a common gene pool.
groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reporductively isolated from other such groups
The unit of classification for a plant having particular characteristics. In the botanical name of the plant, the species is identified by the second word of the name: for example Acer palmatum.
One or more populations of freely interbreeding organisms which are reproductively isolated (for reasons other than geography) from other closely related populations. A more modern definition might be a chronologically continuous genome which is isolated from other genomes by non-geographical factors. See also subspecies and species complex.
the basic unit of Linnaean classification; a taxonomic subdivision of genus represented by plants that can freely interbreed but rarely with other species. In the Latin name Ulmus americana, the genus is Ulmus and the species epithet is americana; together Ulmus americana constitutes the species
taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
Group of animals or plants with common characteristics
A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinised adjective or noun.
In the same or like form or kind. For the purposes of the CWCP, we refer to scientific animal groupings of genus and then a subgroup called "species."
A group of living things that can interact to produce offspring like themselves. Tigers do not have lion cubs, and an eagle and owl cannot interact to produce offspring like themselves.
Is a group of similar organisms with the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
distinct populations of plants or animals that can and do interbreed and produce fertile offspring
A species is a fundamental category of taxonomic classification ranking after genus and consisting of organisms capable of interbreeding.
A category of closely related and similar organisms. More narrowly defined, a population of individuals capable of interbreeding but not of breeding with members of another species.
A group of individuals that interbreed with each other but not with other such groups. There are however many definitions of species.
a natural group of plants composed of similar individuals that can produce similar offspring.
The basic unit of living things, consisting of a group of individuals which all look more or less alike and which can all breed with each other to produce another generation of similar creatures. Many species are subdivided into sub-species. These normally inhabit different areas and they may differ in appearance, but they can still all interbreed.
a group of living things that share common biological characteristics
Plant species are usually variable in the wild and may be split into three botanically recognized but occasionally overlapping subdivisions; the subspecies (subsp.), the variety (var.) and the form (forma, f.).
Biological classification comprising related organisms that share common characteristics and are capable of interbreeding.
Type of plant genetically different from others.
taxonomic division that generally refers to a group of animals which are similar in structure and descent and are able to breed among themselves.
A population or group of potentially interbreeding populations that is reproductively isolated from other such populations or groups.
A separate and integral reproductive community. (Eldrege)
A group of plants with very similar characteristics; and, a plant originally found in the wild and not the result of hybridisation or plant breeding by horticulturalists
A group of related organisms having common characteristics and capable of interbreeding. Loblolly and Virginia pine are common tree species that can interbreed.
a group of grasses with similar form and/or reproductive mechanisms; the basic unit of biological classification.
A distinct kind of plant.
A fundamental biological classification, comprising a subdivision of a genus and consisting of a number of plants or animals all of which have a high degree of similarity, can generally interbreed only among themselves, and show persistent differences from members of allied species.
An established classification into which similar individuals in the plant or animal kingdom are placed. A species is described as a morphologically distinctive and genetically isolated natural population.
A particular type of plant, animal, or other organism. Species differ from one another in at least one characteristic, and generally do not interbreed. In biology, species is a category that's part of the scientific system for grouping together related plants, animals and other organisms (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species).
Used to refer to individual gems that have distinct characteristics which may be defined and verified.
A group of animals or plants that share similiar characteristics such as can reproduce.
individuals that are grouped together by having common characteristics and that are capable of interbreeding
A group of organisms different fro...
Basic classification unit of plants comprised of individuals that are recognized as distinct from other species, and which can freely interbreed among themselves.
A set of individuals sharing distinctive characteristics likely to produce common, fertile descendents. The notion of species is used in its broadest sense here and refers not only to species proper but also to subspecies, isolated geographic populations, strains and varieties, whether plant or animal.
a genetically distinctive group of natural populations that share a common gene pool that are reproductively isolated from all other such groups.
a group of closely related individuals that have the potential to reproduce with each other; a unit of classification.
A "species" is generally accepted as a group of individuals that look the same and can breed with each other but not usually with individuals of another species. "Species" is the the lowest level of plant classification. This is part of the science called " taxonomy". Scientists refer to living things by a combined "genus" and "species" name, using Latin terms. For example, people are called " Homo sapiens". A white pine would be called " Pinus strobus". A scientist anywhere in the world can look up information about any living organism by knowing the Latin or scientific name. The genus name is always capitalized. The species name is usually not capitalized. Incidentally, the word " specie" is incorrect. " Species" is the correct singular and plural form of the word. [To return to previous page, click your browser's BACK button then scroll through the page to your last location
In biology a species generally taken to be either the lowest level of taxonomic classification or a group of interbreeding individuals that are reproductively isolated from other organisms. A species in biology is not a "kind" in Plato's sense of the word.
This is the scientific, taxonomic name of a living thing.
In plant classification, a group of plants with common characteristics that can cross-breed with one another.
a group of organisms that mate freely in nature and can produce viable offspring
Populations whose individuals freely breed with one another and vary only slightly from one another.
The basic category of biological classification consisting of similar organisms that are capable of mating and reproduction
is one of the most specific of several levels of classification for a plant. They are ranked in levels from largest to smallest groupings first by kingdom, then by phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
The name of a category that is part of the scientific classification of all organisms. The category species is located in the classification system after kingdom, phylum, class, order, family and genus. Humans, for example, belong to the species sapiens and are identified by the scientific name Homo (genus) sapiens (species).
A group of closely related organisms that are capable of interbreeding and are reproductively isolated from other groups of organisms (in other words, they can breed among themselves and not with others); the basic unit of biological classification.
Major subdivision of a genus of plants. A biological classification composed of related plant individuals.
The type of wood, such as spruce or fir. Each species has different characteristics as well as strengths and weaknesses.
A group of organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring
A group of organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. See also "classification."
(n) A group of animals or plants within a genus differing only in minor details form the others, and able to breed with each other but not with other groups
An internationally established botanical classification of trees.
a genetically distinct group, consisting of related individuals that resemble each other in appearance and behavior, and can breed among themselves but not, with some exceptions, with other species
1. In biological classifications, it is the lowest and most basic unit of the Linnaean taxonomic hierarchy (although it is also divisible into subspecies), and one of the two required titles of a binomial name. In nature, a species is a group of organisms that breed only amongst themselves and produce offspring that are also capable of reproducing. 2. In chemistry, a group of constituents or molecules, that share major chemical similarities. For example, Hg0 and Hg+2, or CO and CO2.
Abbreviated to spp. (singular = sp.). A group of individuals which interbreed with each other, but generally not with other species.
A fundamental category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus.
A group of related organisms which are capable of interbreeding.
In classification, a species is a group of closely related organisms that can reproduce. A group of similar species forms a genus. In the scientific name of an organism, the second name is its species (for example, people are Homo sapiens - our species is sapiens).
The biological species concept is the most widely accepted method for categorizing living species, especially for vertebrates. It defines a species as members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature, not according to similarity of appearance. Although appearance is helpful in identifying species, it does not define a biological species.
A single, distinct class of living creature with features that distinguish it from others.
a group of plants or animals that are of the same type or origin
A group of interbreeding individuals, not interbreeding with another such group, being a taxonomic unit including two names in binomial nomenclature, the generic name and specific epithet, similar and related species being grouped into a genus. From the Latin, species, "particular kind."
Related strains of a plant that occur naturally.
A group of organisms that are biologically capable of exchanging genes with each other but are incapable of exchanging genes with other such groups.
n: The boundaries of this taxonomic level (the most precise in the hierarchical system of binomial nomenclature ) are hotly debated among scientists and there is little real consensus about where to draw the lines between species, subspecies, morphs, races, variants, etc. In general, a species is a group of organisms that resemble one another in appearance, general behavior, ecological niche, chemical makeup and processes, and genetic structure. Organisms that reproduce sexually are classified as members of the same species only if they can actually or potentially interbreed with one another and produce fertile offspring. It should be noted that some (though quite few) taxonomists believe the species level of classification is frequently invalid and these scientists only recognize classifications down to the level of genus (again, these taxonomists represent a very small minority view).
Fundamental unit of biological taxonomy. Generally spoken, two individuals belong to the same species if they can produce fertile offspring
The basic category of biological classification, displaying a high degree of mutual similarity determined by a consensus of informed opinion; a subcategory of genus. ( 16)
Group of closely related individuals, resembling one another in certain inherited characteristics.
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. Species is the smallest group of classification. A species generally consists of all the individual organisms of a natural population which are able to interbreed, generally sharing similar appearance, characteristics and genetics due to having relatively recent common ancestors.
Species (used as a noun) in metaphysics are defined by their genus (genos) and differentia (diaphora).
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February 8, 1999
Tour dates for Metallica's upcoming world tour have finally been officially announced.
January 7, 1999
Two very special Metallica shows will happen at the Berkeley Community Theater on April 21 and 22 in San Francisco, CA.. The show will feature Metallica and the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra as conducted and arranged by Michael Kamen.
November 14, 1998
On Friday November 6th whilst in the midst of a European press and promotion tour, Kirk was rushed to a London hospital suffering from severe abdominal pains.
November 5, 1998
Short diary of Lars and Kirk's promo tour for Garage Inc. in Europe.
November 3, 1998
Metallica will perform live at the following locations to support the release of Garage Inc.
November 2, 1998
Members of Metallica will appear in the following cities to promote the upcoming album, Garage Inc.
October 18, 1998
Metallica played a 45-minute gig in front of some of the most beautiful women in the world and other celebrities. Not the typical Metalli-crowd. | <urn:uuid:2b7ccb7e-10c1-4973-9bcb-937a3ffbce1b> | 2013-05-24T01:45:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Until the mid-1870s, furniture styles in America were largely influenced by European, particularly French, taste. Style was disseminated by European design books and fashion periodicals; the great international exhibitions, beginning with the London Crystal Palace in 1851; and immigrant craftsmen who adapted their skills and artistic traditions to the American market. Alexander Roux, a French-born cabinetmaker active in New York from 1836 to 1881, was an ever tasteful proponent of the latest fashion, working in the 1840s in the Gothic Revival style, in the 1850s in the Elizabethan, Renaissance, and Rococo styles, and in the 1860s, as here, in the Néo-grec style. Néo-grec was an inventive combination of motifs from antiquity, the Renaissance, and the late-eighteenth-century Louis XVI style introduced in France and popularized by Empress Eugénie, wife of Napoleon III, during the Second Empire (1852–1870). The form of this cabinet is derived from the Italian Renaissance credenza, and its ornament, with delicate incising, gilt-metal mounts, rich marquetry panels, and porcelain plaques encircled by ormolu ribbons, is an eclectic combination of Louis XVI and classical motifs. Fragments of a German newspaper, the "New-Yorker Staatszeitung" dated September 22, 1866, were found behind one of the porcelain plaques and together with Roux's label, which gives the addresses for the showrooms he used between 1856 and 1867, provide the basis for dating of this piece. | <urn:uuid:007f407a-77ec-49a4-ab47-de00191d535c> | 2013-05-24T01:47:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This armor can be identified by its decoration as having belonged to Pedro II (reigned 1683–1706). The decoration includes the crowned monogram PR for Pedro Rex (Pedro the King) and the cross of the commander of the Order of Christ, a hereditary office held by the kings of Portugal.Harquebusiers were armored cavalrymen generally equipped with a carbine (known as a harquebus) carried at the right side on a shoulder belt, a pair of pistols holstered at the front of the saddle, and a sword. This form of armor, consisting of a triple-barred helmet, a cuirass with a bulletproof reinforcing breastplate, and an elbow gaunlet, was commonplace in England up to about 1645. The armor of King Pedro is significant not only as a very late example of this type but also as the probable work of the London armorer Richard Holden. A very similar armor made by Holden in 1686 for James II of England (reigned 1685–88) is in the Royal Armouries in the Tower of London. The armor is shown with an associated buff coat. This sturdy leather defense, which provided effective protection against sword cuts, was worn throughout the seventeenth century, first in conjunction with armor and later alone. | <urn:uuid:4f9f040c-d7ff-4529-908b-2e14521ef587> | 2013-05-24T01:59:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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For many years much of monetary policy was influenced by an economic theory known as monetarism. Monetarism is an economic theory which argues that management of the money supply should be the primary means of regulating economic activity.
Find everything you're looking for in your city
Find the best happy hour deals in your city
Get today's exclusive deals at savings of anywhere from 50-90%
Check out the hottest list of places and things to do around your city | <urn:uuid:fb3c1dc0-a94e-4294-b2fe-e24d698f60e5> | 2013-05-24T01:29:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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| Return to Rolled/Pressed Cookies
• 1 package pie crust mix (for 2 crusts)
• 1/4 cup granulated sugar
• 3 to 4 tablespoons water
• 1 cup finely chopped nuts
• 1/3 cup granulated sugar
• 2 tablespoons honey
• 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
• 1 teaspoon lemon juice
• 1/2 cup semisweet chocolate pieces
• 1 teaspoon shortening
1. In a medium bowl stir together pie crust mix and the 1/4 cup sugar. Add enough water to form a ball. Divide dough in half.
2. On a lightly floured surface, roll each half of the dough into a 9-inch circle. Transfer 1 circle to an ungreased cookie sheet.
3. For filling, combine the nuts, the 1/3 cup sugar, honey, cinnamon, and lemon juice. Spread over dough circle on cookie sheet. Top with remaining dough circle. Use tines of fork to seal edges and prick dough. Brush with milk.
4. Bake in a 375 degree F oven for 15 to 20 minutes or until pastry starts to brown. Cool 10 minutes on a wire rack. While warm, cut into 16 to 20 wedges. Cool completely.
5. In a small saucepan combine the chocolate pieces and shortening. Cook and stir over low heat just until melted. Drizzle over wedges. Makes 16 to 20. | <urn:uuid:cf78a0d1-b61a-4cef-9236-12c6cf7c1980> | 2013-05-24T01:37:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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By downloading any material from this website, you hereby agree to all of the terms and conditions set forth below. Any attempt to download any material without first agreeing to all of these provisions is a violation of Minifig Customization Network and is strictly prohibited.
1. You understand and acknowledge that all of the materials on this website are owned by the creator / poster and MCN and are protected by copyright, trademark and other intellectual property laws.
2. You may download materials that are specifically identified on the website as being available for download. If you download any such materials, ownership, and all intellectual property rights, in and to such materials, in whole and in part, remains with the owner / poster and MCN.
3. All materials that you download from this website must be for your own personal use. You may not sell, publish, distribute to others, or commercially exploit in any manner whatsoever any material downloaded from this website.
4. If you use or alter the downloaded materials in any way all credit for the original materials must be given to the creator / poster. | <urn:uuid:26ae5c5b-1878-40f4-81bf-24a94825df29> | 2013-05-24T01:38:15Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Taikodom is a free-to-play sci-fi MMORPG from Hoplon Infotainment and GamersFirst set in a fictional universe co-created with famed sci-fi writer Gerson Lodi-Ribeiro. Set in the 23rd century, the game finds humankind taken by surprise when a mysterious energy field blocks Earth, leading the human race to travel to outer space. Taikodom features two factions, three career paths, crafting, PvP, and much more.
- Two Factions | Choose between the Consortium and Renegades factions.
- Three Career Paths | Pick from the Assault, Suppressor, and Vanguard careers.
- Real-Time Combat | Engage in intense action combat with direct control of your ship.
- Crafting | Build your own weapons, warships, upgrades, and more with the right blueprints and raw resources.
- Corporations | Team up with your allies and lead your corporation to success with business savvy or battle strength.
- Territory Conquest and PvP | Participate in strategic conquest of territories, or engage in regional open world PvP and instanced Battlespaces. | <urn:uuid:1ad751c6-a0d3-44a4-a948-b6c3b1f2c5e8> | 2013-05-24T02:01:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Originally Posted by Jellby
Percents and ems are only equivalent when they're used in font sizes (or in line-height, I believe). In margins, indents, widths, etc. they are two very different things. Percent values are measured relative to the container block's width (generally), while ems are referred to the current font size.
Hmm I see. Thank you for the clarification... Guess I should have read those wikis more closely as well. | <urn:uuid:e5193a1e-a9ae-436e-b47d-396af7d8514b> | 2013-05-24T01:58:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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, you play the part of Michael Jones. Mike's uncle (Dr. Jones, a famous archaeologist) is on C-Island looking for some lost ruins and has invited Mike to come visit him. However, shortly after arriving on the island Mike learns from Chief Coralcola that Dr. Jones has recently been abducted! Now it is up to Mike to locate Dr. Jones and find out why he was abducted. StarTropics
is an action game with light role-playing elements, played from an overhead point of view. Starting out with just an island yo-yo, Mike will need to search the island for Dr. Jones. The villagers may be able to offer some clues, there are many dangerous enemies to defeat, and along the way there are a variety of new weapons and other items to be found which will help Mike on his quest. The cartridge uses a battery backup to allow games to be saved.
Part of the Following Group
The Press Says
There are currently no topics for this game.
Included in the original package was a typed letter from uncle Steve printed in a unique parchment-style paper. This "feelie" served a unique purpose, as dipping it in water (as instructed in the letter) revealed a puzzle clue vital to complete the game. | <urn:uuid:b9e7a988-0285-4648-ad31-50ff40d81f16> | 2013-05-24T02:06:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Title screen. Note that the title of the UK version is just "The Nomad Soul", without "Omikron".
Your soul must possess Kay'l's body, as Kay'l himself explains to you.
The game's sense of humor is not to be ignored.
Cut-scene with the panorama of the city
Those three rings in the corner of the kitchen are the infamous save point.
Kay'l's apartment. Nice sofa...
Your "sneak" device, which is used as statistics and options screen, and also as inventory.
Need a ride? Call a slider!
In the elevator of the police HQ
Policemen also need candy and coke!
Morgue. It's not a pretty sight.
In a sleezy part of the town
Realistic weather effects...
Does your mother know you are visiting such places?
Blasting your opponent to pieces in a shooting sequence.
This is a room with a special device which will allow you to train your character in combat.
Fighting sequence. Your HP is always to the left, the opponent's to the right.
Jaunpur, the first district in the game that does not have the cyberpunk-look of the first two districts.
Solving a puzzle in a cave.
Taking a little swim in front of a bookstore in Lahoreh.
After taking over another person's body, you can often visit their apartment.
A shot of Telis injured and Kay'l in the background.
Being shot by a Mecaguard.
Dakobah - one of the Awakened
Shooting sequence in the Antenna mission
Shooting sequence while controlling a Mecaguard.
Boz - the leader of the Awakened - his face was based in David Bowie's face. | <urn:uuid:e73fcbbc-d096-4c7e-8b8e-5dd221fafb7e> | 2013-05-24T02:05:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Definition of behalf
n. - Advantage; favor; stead; benefit; interest; profit; support; defense; vindication. 2
The word "behalf" uses 6 letters: A B E F H L.
No direct anagrams for behalf found in this word list.
Adding one letter to behalf does not form any other word in this word list.
List shorter words within behalf, sorted by length
All words formed from behalf by changing one letter
Browse words starting with behalf by next letter | <urn:uuid:7f9e9117-8ad0-4220-b568-6f5a4198a5bf> | 2013-05-24T01:44:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Definition of goneness
n. - A state of exhaustion; faintness, especially as resulting from hunger. 2
The word "goneness" uses 8 letters: E E G N N O S S.
No direct anagrams for goneness found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after goneness (in bold), or to eegnnoss in any order:
v - evensongs
All words formed from goneness by changing one letter
Browse words starting with goneness by next letter | <urn:uuid:c23dd777-65cb-4ed6-8d64-308d0356757d> | 2013-05-24T01:37:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The word "inhalations" uses 11 letters: A A H I I L N N O S T.
No direct anagrams for inhalations found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after inhalations (in bold), or to aahiilnnost in any order:
r - annihilators
All words formed from inhalations by changing one letter
Browse words starting with inhalations by next letter | <urn:uuid:af5f5bba-9149-435e-9487-653235c38742> | 2013-05-24T01:37:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Meet the Other Navy Seals (and Dolphins)Cute—and creepy—photos of the US Navy program that trains marine mammals as minesweepers and underwater sentries.
You've likely heard of the Navy SEAL dog that took part in the raid that killed Osama Bin Laden. Now meet the other Navy seals. Actually, they're sea lions. And dolphins.
For more than five decades, the Navy has enlisted sea lions, dolphins, and other marine mammals as an elite corps of underwater sentries, searchers, and mine-sweepers. Its Marine Mammal Program started in 1960 when weapons researchers studied a Pacific white-sided dolphin named Notty to see if she might teach them something about designing speedier torpedoes. She didn't, but the service has remained intriguiged by sea mammals' speed, stealth, sonar, and smarts. During the Vietnam War, specially trained dolphins were deployed to protect ships in Cam Ranh Bay. The Navy denies that they were dispatched to kill enemy divers as part of a "swimmer nullification program", though more recently sea lions have been trained to "attach restraint devices to swimmers." (The notion of dolphins as trained killers inspired The Day of the Dolphin, a 1973 movie starring George C. Scott.) Since the mid-1970s, the program has expanded to include beluga whales, seals, and and killer whales, though bottlenose dolphins and Californa sea lions have become its two mainstays due to their "their trainability, adaptability, and heartiness in the marine environment."
The Navy says its 100 or so marine mammals' primary missions are mine-hunting and "swimmer defense." Dolphins were first sent to the Persian Gulf in the late 1980s. In 1996, Navy dolphins assisted the Secret Service (PDF) during the Republican National Convention in their home port of San Diego, and NASA reportedly expressed interest in using sea lions to protect Space Shuttle launches (PDF). More recently, both dolphins and sea lions have been sent to the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea to help clear mines and guard ships. The Navy has hailed "swimmer defense dolphins" as "a strong deterrent against terrorist attacks" like the one on the USS Cole in 2000.
Animal-rights activists have long objected to the Navy's marine-mammal program, criticizing the use of benign sea creatures in military operations and the cramped conditions in which they are housed and transported. "Using animals for military defense is unnecessary and cruel and could very well cost lives—not save them," PETA wrote in response to a plan to use dolphins and sea lions to guard a naval base in Washington. The Navy claims that it treats its flippered conscripts humanely, noting that they are fed "higher-than-restaurant-quality fish" and travel in pools designed "to keep the animals in an environment as much like San Diego as possible." It also argues that its work has added to the scientific knowlege of these animals: "The more we know about marine mammals, the better we can protect them." | <urn:uuid:11997bd1-f2fe-47da-89b0-763102886b9b> | 2013-05-24T01:39:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The complaint was filed by Jasper attorney Thomas Carmichael on behalf of Gerald Garrison. The defendents named in the suit are sheriff’s deputy Adam Hadder, Walker County Sheriff John Mark Tirey, the Walker County Commission and Commission Chairman Bruce Hamrick.
The incident which initiated the suit happened on July 17, when Garrison attempted to serve Hadder with a subpoena to appear in a civil case in Marshall County involving Hadder’s sister and brother-in-law. The complaint alleges Garrison made two earlier attempts to serve Hadder and returned to Hadder’s home on July 17 just after 6 a.m.
At that time, Garrison parked across the street from Hadder’s residence for almost two hours, until Hadder came out of his home wearing his Walker County Sheriff’s Office uniform and got into his patrol car. The complaint says that Garrison attempted to serve the subpoena, but Hadder continued driving, rolled down his driver side window and verbally threatened Garrison that he was close to being arrested. The complaint continues to say that Garrison placed the subpoena into the rolled down window of the patrol car with it landing in Hadder’s lap.
According to the complaint, Hadder then slammed on his brakes and jumped out of his patrol car, throwing the subpoena on the ground. The complaint alleges that Hadder yelled for Garrison to put his hands behind his back, then grabbed and assaulted Garrison by pushing him into the side of his vehicle and placing him in handcuffs. The complaint also alleges Hadder then illegally searched Garrison’s vehicle and began a barrage of profane, vulgar, insulting and degrading verbal assaults at Garrison.
The complaint says Hadder then arrested Garrison for criminal littering, criminal trespass and criminal mischief. Garrison’s vehicle was impounded and he was taken to the Walker County Sheriff’s Office.
Walker County Jail personnel refused to book Garrison into the jail, because there was no legal basis for his arrest, the complaint said. According to the complaint, Garrison was later released by Hadder after signing papers which would release Hadder and others for the incident. The complaint alleges Hadder took Garrison to where his vehicle was impounded but forced him to pay $150 to have the vehicle released.
“Deputy Hadder is intimately familiar with the service of process. Particularly with it being one of the things entrusted to the Sheriff’s office routinely, and he knows, better than most people, that it is a routine, ministerial duty and that process servers are not parties, have no interest in the matter, and that it is not a personal issue to them,” Carmichael said. “In spite of that, he avoided being served, made it unnecessarily difficult for my client to do his job, and then when served, exploded into a rage, and used his position as a Deputy Sheriff to arrest and abuse my client.”
Hadder responded to the complaint on the Daily Mountain Eagle’s Facebook page by saying the lawsuit is frivolous and is a response to Hadder attempting to prosecute Carmichael in the past. Hadder said Carmichael and Byron McMath are the only two attorneys who have sued him during his time at the Walker County Sheriff’s Office.
“Can anyone else see a pattern? Guess if you continue to file lawsuits, the odds are you will eventually win one. It's a numbers game to them. I just know I am sick and tired of having my name run through the mud by idiots...,” Hadder posted.
Sheriff John Mark Tirey said Friday morning he could not comment on the complaint, because it was pending litigation. Tirey did say that Hadder was currently on duty and employed by the Walker County Sheriff’s Office.
Friday afternoon, Hamrick also said he should not comment on the matter, and Hank Wiley, attorney for the Walker County Commission, said he could not comment on the complaint. | <urn:uuid:221a41b1-5bac-4eb8-8317-78631b82066b> | 2013-05-24T01:52:39Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I don't think that is accurate. According to the autopsy Kelly never had an injury. He may have been cold or tired, but not injured in any significant way. Also, the snow cave issue seems to be confusing to everybody. There was only one big snow cave, and that's where they found the body. The other "cave" was actually just a platform on the snow, not really a cave at all.Originally Posted by mk10
I'm sure a more detailed investigation (a book) will emerge once they find the other two. Their bodies will tell us a lot. A cut rope, missing equipment, and what they had with them. | <urn:uuid:76e206f6-af49-48d3-aa0e-1cbfb8cb5eee> | 2013-05-24T01:58:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Famed as much for their video-ready space age image as for their music, the Los Angeles-based new wave outfit Missing Persons formed in 1980, a year after the marriage of singer Dale Bozzio and her hsuband, drummer Terry. A one-time member of Frank Zappa's backing band, Terry Bozzio met the former Dale Consalvi (an ex-Playboy Bunny) at a Hollywood recording studio; after founding Missing Persons -- initially dubbed U.S. Drag -- the couple recruited fellow Zappa alumnus Warren Cuccurullo on guitar and Patrick O'Hearn on bass, and with classically trained keyboardist Chuck Wild in tow, they began playing area clubs.
In 1981, the band released its self-titled debut EP; after signing to Capitol, the label reissued the record in 1982, and the singles "Words" and "Destination Unknown" both nearly hit the Top 40. Their videos also helped Missing Persons find success on the fledgling MTV network, where Dale Bozzio's hiccuping voice and campy look (comprised of shocking-pink hair and sci-fi outfits capped off with Plexiglass bras) combined with the group's synth-driven songs to make them naturals for heavy rotation. Later in 1982, the group issued its first full-length album, Spring Session M (an anagram of their name), which launched the underground smash "Walking in L.A."
After 1984's Rhyme and Reason notched only a minor hit with the single "Give," Missing Persons enlisted Chic's Bernard Edwards to produce 1986's dance-pop effort Color in Your Life; the album stiffed, however, and both the band and the Bozzios themselves broke up. While Dale Bozzio issued one solo album on Prince's Paisley Park label, Terry Bozzio went on to work with Jeff Beck; Cuccurullo, meanwhile, joined Duran Duran, O'Hearn recorded several instrumental new age albums, and Wild composed music for films and television. ~ Jason Ankeny, Rovi | <urn:uuid:2d2fa0f6-7942-49ff-b569-00c0fa0833f0> | 2013-05-24T01:33:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Mozart complete edition
|Jean-Baptiste LULLY (1632–1687)
Thésée - tragédie en musique in a prologue and five
van Doren, Suzie LeBlanc, Amanda Forsythe, Ellen Hargis,
Laura Pudwell, Teresa Wakim (sopranos); Mireille
Lebel (mezzo); Howard Crook, Marc Molomot, Aaron Sheehan
(tenors); Aaron Engebreth (baritone); Harry van der Kamp,
Olivier Laquerre, Marek Rzepka (bass)
Boston Early Music Festival Orchestra and Chorus/Paul O'Dette,
rec. September 2006, Studio, Radio Bremen, Germany. DDD
CPO 777240-2 [3
CDs: 66:04 + 48:22 + 58:52]
Jean-Baptiste Lully was the dominant force in French music
during the reign of Louis XIV. His operas reflect the ideas and
visions of the king. A good example of this is 'Thésée',
which was Lully’s third 'tragédie-lyrique'. It was a resounding
success. Its popularity was such that almost thirty performances
in the Paris Opéra and in the royal residences are documented
between 1675, when the first performance took place, and
1779. It was then taken out of the repertoire by the Opéra
as it was considered a bit old-fashioned.
Let me first give a synopsis. King Aegeus of Athens has promised to
marry the sorceress Medea. But he falls in love with Aegle,
although she loves Theseus, son of the king (although still
unrecognized as such), who also loves her. Aegeus strikes
a deal with Medea, who has set her eyes on Theseus: she gets
him, he gets Aegle. This is summed up in their duet: "Happy
are two inconstant lovers when they are inconstant at the
same time". But Theseus and Aegle don't want to be split
up. Therefore Medea uses all her powers to destroy their
love. But it doesn't have the effect she hoped.
Theseus, who has played a crucial role in the defence of Athens against
its enemies, is going to be named crown prince at the request
of the Athenian people. But when Medea learns that Theseus
is in fact Aegeus's son, she talks the king into giving Theseus
a poisoned chalice during the ceremony. Only in this way
can he avoid losing his power and losing Aegle. But just
as he is about to do so he recognizes Theseus by his sword
as his own son and makes way for Theseus to marry Aegle.
Seeing that her manipulations have had no effect Medea takes
revenge: "the palace appears ablaze, and the dishes
prepared for the feast change into horrible creatures".
The people pray to the gods, and then Minerva appears to
put everything right. The opera ends in a duet with chorus,
praising the power of love.
Operas in France were written within a specific political and social
context. When Philippe Quinault started to write the text,
France was in the middle of a war, in which it was threatened
from several sides at the same time. This must have inspired
Quinault to choose this subject: in the first act we hear
how Athens is in the middle of a war, in which Theseus is
heroically defending the city against its enemies. The battles
are depicted here by choruses of soldiers, who time and again
sing: "We must perish, we must perish, we must triumph
or die". The orchestra plays with trumpets and timpani.
But it is also in this act where Aegle declares her love
The subject of the opera is the conflict between love and war, which
is already indicated in the prologue. The prologue had to
be changed during the process of writing the libretto: in
January of 1675 French troops gained a decisive victory and
the opponent armies were driven out of the country. As a
result some of the original lines, like "Let us flee,
war has returned" had to be replaced. The opposition
between Venus and Mars "neatly represents the 'real-life'
Louis returning victoriously from the battlefront to court
his new mistress", Gilbert Blin, Stephen Stubbs and
Rémy-Michel Trotier write in the booklet. In the prologue – usually
devoted to a glorification of the king – Venus and Mars join
in praise of Louis: "All must love him, all must fear
him. Let us mix chants of victory with the sweet songs of
Although the opera is named after Theseus its central character is
Medea. It is her machinations which decide the course of
events. The subject of the opera – the conflict between love
and war – is most clearly depicted in the direct confrontation
between Medea and Aegle. The first is completely overwhelmed
by thoughts of revenge and is willing to do everything to
realise her wishes, whereas Aegle is true to her love and
is even willing to sacrifice Theseus in order to save his
life. The casting of these two roles is very convincing.
Laura Pudwell gives a brilliant characterisation of the role
of Medea. She has a very strong low register which she uses
to great effect to express the anger of Medea. The sharp
edges of her voice contrast nicely with the much sweeter
voice of Ellen Hargis who gives a moving portrayal of Aegle.
Harry van der Kamp does well in portraying the somewhat split
personality of King Aegeus, good-hearted and loving on one
hand, treacherous on the other. The role of Theseus is less
well developed, but Howard Crook – a veteran in French baroque
opera – sings that role quite beautifully. The other characters,
some of which appear only in one or two acts, are all well
cast – in fact, there are no weak links here.
The choir and orchestra deserve special mention. They play a very
important role in French baroque opera. The choir, including
members of the cast, is excellent and sings with great power
and energy. The orchestra is very colourful and plays the
instrumental dances with great flair and rhythmic flexibility.
Choir and orchestra are decisive in making the most dramatic
moments really telling, like the closing scenes when Medea
unleashes her full powers to take revenge and Minerva and
her followers intervene.
It is understandable that Lully's Theseus was a great success
and was regularly performed for more than a century after
it was created. It is definitely one of Lully's masterpieces.
In general I tend to think that his younger contemporary
Charpentier was a greater dramatist, but here Lully demonstrates
that he knows how to create a musical drama. And this performance
makes that abundantly clear. The recording quality is excellent,
and the booklet not only contains the full text of the libretto,
with an English translation, but also a synopsis, interesting
programme notes - as referred to above - and equally interesting "Notes
on the Dances in Lully's Operas" by Rebecca Harris-Warrick.
The only regret - and it is something I don't understand – is
the modern pronunciation of the French text. But this can't
hold me back from strongly recommending this splendid production.
Gerard Hoffnung CDs
and get a free CD
Follow us on Twitter | <urn:uuid:de56d1f6-fa01-4fab-894f-ea87a914ed19> | 2013-05-24T01:31:26Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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An off-duty Dallas County Sheriff's deputy was killed in a crash on Monday night along CR 2538 in Hunt County, near Quinlan.
According to Department of Public Safety investigators, Sgt. Kenneth Riggins died after his Ford F-150 pickup, being driven by a 15-year-old relative, veered off the road at about 8:30 p.m..
The girl lost control of the vehicle in the westbound lanes of the roadway and crashed into a tree, investigators said.
Riggins, 52, was taken to Hunt County Regional Medical Center, where he was pronounced dead.
The driver suffered minor injuries.
It was not clear what caused the crash.
In response to the incident, the sheriff's office released a statement, which read in part:
"'Our hearts and prayers go out to the family of Sgt. Riggins,'" Sheriff Lupe Valdez said. "'It is a sad day for us at the Dallas Sheriff's Department. He will be missed dearly.'
The sergeant most recently served in the Dallas Sheriff's Department's strategic planning section. Sgt. Riggins served 20 years with the Dallas Sheriff's Department. He began his career as a detention service officer on February 17, 1992. He became a deputy in 1997 and served the department in various capacities."
KDFW FOX 4
Main Station Directory:
Didn't find what you were looking for? | <urn:uuid:b5199f2a-43ea-430e-a628-f6b3d38b1bdb> | 2013-05-24T01:31:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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When a police officer with a gunshot wound to the head and uncontrollable laughter is admitted, House and the team are baffled. When Foreman begins showing the same symptoms, they race to determine the cause of the illness before Foreman's condition takes the same path.
Foreman continues to experience the same progression of symptoms as the police officer. When he realizes he may be facing imminent death, he calls his father who comes to his son's side. As it comes down to a race against time, House believes the solution to the illness is in the police officer's apartment.
A young mother has a seizure while bathing her newborn son and nearly drowns him. House and the team have two cases at one time as they try to save the infant and determine the cause of the mother's seizures.
A 16-year-old Hurricane Katrina victim suffering from hallucinations as a result of the tragedy is brought to House by his former bandmate who recently found out the girl is his daughter. Although House fears his friend is being scammed, he takes the case. As he works his way through the girl's lies so he can diagnose and treat her, he's forced to tell a few lies of his own.
When a six-year-old boy is brought in with the same symptoms as another patient who died years ago under House's care, House believes the cases are identical and he can predict the course of the boy's illness. Meanwhile, the clinic hosts a poker night to benefit the oncology department.
House uncovers a startling secret when he treats a teenage supermodel for heroin addiction. Meanwhile, Wilson hopes the increased leg pain in House's leg is an indication his leg nerves are regenerating.
House takes the case of a man who experienced a seizure but wasn't aware it happened. When the man suffers a heart attack and needs a heart transplant, the team races to diagnose a dead woman's illness so they can harvest her heart to save their living patient.
House believes a woman is trying to kill her husband and tries to find the proof to confirm his suspicions. When Wilson moves in with House after separating from his wife, he learns Wilson is a great cook. | <urn:uuid:004d30e6-2efa-4821-b422-d8d4c9ee26f3> | 2013-05-24T01:53:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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There have been shakes on a plane, "The Simpsons" are doing the dance, and even a brave guy was shaking it out with wild abandon in the middle of Times Square -- it's the Harlem Shake craze.
It was inspired by a recently released song by the same name, but the dance moves aren't new.
Experts say it originated more than 30 years ago in Harlem, but most agree that the new version is a departure from the old school moves.
YouTubers have been making up their own version of the Harlem Shake. In the early 2000s the Shake made a comeback when artists Eve, Jadakiss, and P. Diddy all featured the bold move in their videos.
The commercial exposure made the dance popular, but didn't quite get the same attention as it is today because YouTube was still a few years away.
Now, more than 220,000 videos of the dance are posted online. The only question is: how long will it last? | <urn:uuid:1d71d6b5-b2dd-4d38-a0c4-56bcc8cd812b> | 2013-05-24T01:46:06Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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OK all you moms out there! Kennedy's lips are chapped. Seriously. I put on chapstick, she licks it off. I've tried Vasoline, it didn't help. Any other suggestions on how to cure this:
It's on her bottom lip too... you just can't see it very well. It's cracking and I'm afraid it's going to bleed. Someone must know the magic cure!!! | <urn:uuid:02850ea4-c306-4f27-8a94-4c5f63e60789> | 2013-05-24T01:52:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Howie Dorough Howard Dwaine Dorough Flores (born August 22, 1973 in Orlando, Florida) is a member of the American boy band The Backstreet Boys. A native of Orlando, Florida, his mother (Paula Flores) is Puerto Rican and his father (Hoke Dorough) is an Irish American.
Dorough had a passion for the entertainment business since he was 3 years old, when he would jump on his grandparents bed, singing Baby Face while strumming his tiny guitar. At the age of 6, Dorough participated in an Orlando production of The Wizard of Oz to get his start in show business, this would only be the start of a string of musicals he would do in the local Orlando scene. Throughout high school he was actively involved in theatre and chorus. He rented out the production equipment often, having participated and created a show by the name of Macho & Camacho during his high school years.
He later auditioned for the Backstreet Boys, where he reached worldwide fame along with group mates AJ McLean, Brian Littrell, Kevin Richardson and Nick Carter. After the group reached stardom, Dorough and the rest of the band became staples on the covers of such magazines as Tiger Beat and 16 In 1998, Howie's sister, Caroline Dorough, died of the Lupus form of cancer. After her passing, Howie helped create The Dorough Lupus Foundation, in which he is still involved. His foundation helps raise awareness about the disease, financial support for those who cannot afford treatment, and money for research. To date over half a million dollars have been raised for finding a cure.
He is currently in a two-year relationship with his girlfriend, Leigh Boniello. | <urn:uuid:ff2cb107-0fc7-4c1d-adfc-d50c5db3ea3c> | 2013-05-24T01:36:58Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has selected 15 individuals to receive awards honoring their outstanding scientific achievements. The awards will be presented on April 23 at a ceremony in Washington, D.C., during the Academy's 143rd annual meeting.
GIBBS BROTHERS MEDAL– a medal and prize of $20,000 awarded every three years for outstanding contributions in the field of naval architecture and marine engineering – goes to DONALD LIU, retired executive vice president and chief technology officer, American Bureau of Shipping, Houston. Liu was chosen "for first introducing finite element techniques into ship design and being the driving force behind the revolution in basing classification society rules on scientific principles." The medal was established by a bequest from William Francis Gibbs and his brother, Frederic H. Gibbs, and has been presented since 1965.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit honorific society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Since 1863, the National Academy of Sciences has served to "investigate, examine, experiment, and report upon any subject of science or art" whenever called upon to do so by any department of the government.
Date: January 20, 2006 | <urn:uuid:2cee94d2-2974-4aa5-90f4-1f1f65ee614f> | 2013-05-24T01:45:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online
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Please use the page image
as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy.
rizes some of the more robust findings by listing some phyla from which rRNAs were studied to the right and the inferred branching patterns of the rRNAs on the left, with the implied appearance of some design elements in metazoan body plans indicated. A few of the design elements require comment. For present purposes, the unqualified terms "hemocoel" and "coelom" refer to fluid-filled spaces usually used as hydrostatic skeletons—the former being developed from the topological position of the blastocoel, the latter being developed within mesoderm. Spaces devoted only to serving organs (commonly as ducts or as buffering against solid tissues) are termed "organ hemocoels" or ''organ coeloms." "Seriation" refers to longitudinal repetition of organs, muscles, or other features but not necessarily in a correlated fashion, while "segmentation" refers to serial repetition with correlation among organ systems.
Many of the metazoan relationships indicated in Figure 4 are quite conventional, such as the sequence of choanoflagellates/poriferans/cnidarians/platyhelminths, the sister-group relationship of platyhelminths with higher metazoans, and the sister-group relationship of protostomes with deuterostomes. Less conventional, though hardly shocking, is the sister-group relationship of the arthropods with the unresolved cluster of protostomes, which includes mollusks and annelids. This is a particularly important branching, because it suggests that the last common ancestor of the protostomes was hemocoelic and that the coelom(s) of the deuterostomes arose independently of the coelom(s) of the protostomes. This branching also suggests that arthropod and annelid segmentation arose independently. The next deeper branching, between protostomes and deuterostomes, suggests that while their last common ancestor was not coelomic and need not have been hemocoelic, it did have a blood-vascular system. Other interpretations are possible but they are less parsimonious.
Late Precambrian Body Plans. The list of phyla on the right of Figure 4 indicates the body plans of the living organisms studied but certainly does not indicate the body plans of the common ancestors deeper within the branching pattern. On present evidence all of the branching between the choanoflagellate/poriferan and the arthropod/unresolved protostome branches occurred during the Precambian. The bilaterian traces of the Vendian must have been made by descendants of the platyhelminth/higher metazoan branch. The simple earliest trails require active worms with some hydrostatic system, possibly a tissue skeleton, or fluid in part; the relief indicated by these traces implies a non-flat body and that, in turn, a blood-vascular system. Such a worm, a vascularized "roundish flatworm," acoelomate (except possibly for organ spaces), probably | <urn:uuid:ab2466f4-885d-4222-a959-20159d4ab266> | 2013-05-24T02:05:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Old Town of Narva
The capital of Estonia - Tallinn (Old Town) is told to be a city, built in gothic style; Tartu is told to be a town of classicist style (university, buildings of the central part of the town). Up to the World War II, Narva was famous for its universal style where the gothic, baroque and classicism were mixed. Later, when Narva started expanding and its suburbs were actively built, the Old Town began to be called the Old Narva. Its story began with the terrible fire in 1659, after which only three houses and the fortress remained. After this accident, stone buildings were only allowed to be built in the central part of the town. Incomes from the flourishing trade allowed to erect the stone buildings and, at the same time, build them at breakneck speed. Thus, in two decades, the new stone town centre extended for approximately twenty hectares. For Narva of the 17th century, the two-stored plastered buildings with plentifully decorated portals (main entrances) and the majestic weathercocks were typical. Houses' corner towers (bay windows) were one of the characteristic features of Narva architecture. The heart of the Old Narva was at the Town Hall's square. Town Hall, a striking example of the classicism, was the most important building at the square. At the southern side of the square, the vazhnya was situated (Board of Weights and Measures). There were Baroque residential constructions beside it. Moreover, there also was a chemist's shop. The exchange building (1695-1704), situated across the Town Hall, was opposite the vazhnya and the chemist's shop. The house of the burggraf Jurgen Thunder (in the Middle Ages, the town's head with military and court duties) situated in the eastern part of the square, at the corner of the Suur and Ruutli streets, across the Town Hall's building. Narva's Old Town was destroyed because of the Soviet Union's air force's bombing attacks on March 6 and 8, 1944. In summer 1944, when German forces were retreating, they blew up a few churches, Ivangorod's fortress, Krenholm manufactory's production buildings and many houses. The majority of Old Narva buildings' walls remained after the artillery and bombing attacks. First, the roofs and interior structures of the buildings were destroyed. A part of Old Narva was planned to be reconstructed soon after the war, and the whole Old Narva was taken under State's protection in 1947. In 1950, however, Narva town authorities decided to pull down building's ruins, situated in the town centre. As a result, only three buildings were reconstructed - Narva Town Hall and two houses. Until the last moment it was planned to reconstruct Peter the Great's house and the exchange building. After all, its walls were also pulled down. It is frequently asked why Old Narva was not reconstructed. However, there is no direct response. Then, the walls' destruction was grounded on the necessity of obliterating wars' vestiges. It was also said that the vagabondage was settling among the ruins.
Certainly, huge expenses, needed for its restoration were the main reason of the rejection of Old Narva reconstruction. At last, the point of the ideological causes is that the Old Town represented the culture of the West town architecture and, by taking the ruins away, it became possible to built there the Soviet town. Today, blue and yellow Narva flag is hung out in the anniversary of the bombing of Narva on March 6.
The Town Hall
Being built at the end of 60ies of the 17th century, Narva Town Hall was the most representative public-service building in Narva. Swedish king Charles XI gave an order to the town authorities to build the Town Hall. The project of the master George Teuffel from Lubeck formed the basis of the building, the construction of which started in 1688. After three years, at the latest in 1691, the building was finished when a gold-plated forged weathercock in the form of a crane was put at the top of the tower (it was made by master Grabben). Interior furnishing lasted for another four years. In succeeding years, the clock was installed at the attic, building of the stairs in the Town Hall was finished and portal, brought from Stockholm, was set. Grate of the artistic smithery that connected stairs and handrails (at that time it was gold-plated) and the door-bell (metal ring striking against the door used as a door-bell) were finished last. Indoor wall painting beautified the Town Hall in abundance. During the World War II, the Town Hall was severely damaged: the tower, the roof, the flooring were destroyed, the stairs and the figures at the portal got considerable damages. During the renovation works in the Town Hall (1956-1963), the tower was rebuilt, and the building attained the new roof; the facade and the portal were reconstructed, and the grate that connected stairs and handrails was restored. During the reconstruction, festive entrance hall was only kept from the all-indoor decoration where the stair and the ceiling girders, decorated with the painting were restored. Today the Town Hall is a three-stored stone building with a huge socle store. Elevation of the building is divided by eight Tuscan pilasters where there is a high roof with a well-proportioned tower and baroque cupola, crowning it. There is a crane, the symbol of the vigilance, at the top of the tower. The windows lie in the same plane with an outside wall, which is typical for Narva town. The building is beautified by the portal with three figures that are symbols of three ethical principles: equity, wisdom and moderation. Exactly on the basis of these principles, justice in the Town Hall had to be administered. Historical town's emblem was situated among the figures: at the dark blue escutcheon, there were sword, sabre and three shots that are the symbols of importance of the town as a fortress at the border of the East (sabre) and the West (sword). Two fishes were represented between the symbols of the boundary town. According to one of the hypothesis, they represent the fishery, given to the town by its rulers. In the old days, Estonian ponds were renowned for its fair amount of fish. According to the folk rumours, Peter the Great, while ratifying the emblem of the town in 1585, said: "Be silent as fishes are, and thus you will be obedient to the new rule."
After the renovation works in the Town Hall (1960-1963), there resided the Palace of Pioneers in the name of Victor Kingisepp. For the recent years, the Town Hall is abandoned. However, in the distant prospect, it is planned to become a representative building of town counc | <urn:uuid:f3d1a475-b5af-40b2-b5c9-b71b64a829fa> | 2013-05-24T01:37:56Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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June 14, 1966, Darren Rhodes, screamed his way into the world in Windber, Pennsylvania. Six pounds/seven ounces, with dark hair, dark eyes and lusty (ready to make some music) lungs. He was surrounded by music at an early age, listening to his parent's favorite country records. Every year, he and his sister watched Mom and Dad singing and playing at family reunions. His dad played guitar and his mom played her accordion, singing the old country songs Darren learned to love. Darren seemed to be a natural with music. He was quick to learn lyrics to both old and new country songs. This gift would be an asset as he began to look to music as a career. His dream was to be on the Grand Ole Opry. This dream began to take hold at age seven, after seeing Marty Robbins perform. Darren surprised his parents by playing the Wabash Cannonball on the guitar at age nine, after closely watching the way his dad played the chords. From then on, the guitar became Darren's best friend and companion. Darren's best friend and companion. Darren's formal singing lessons came from school choral groups he joined from sixth grade through twelfth. After moving to Florida with his family in 1982, he auditioned for and was picked to sing in a local Opry show.
Wanting to pursue a career in music, he moved to Alabama in 1993 with the Opry show. Later he joined an area band as the lead singer. Their country music and his personal style of singing were well received. He appeared on the Country Boy Eddy Show, a local TV show based in Birmingham, Alabama. He also performed at the Alabama Country Music Association near Cullman, Alabama. Darren performed at several VFW's and Moose Lodges, Starting in July 1993 through 1998 with his band the Cheaha Wranglers.
In November 1998, Darren recorded a 2 song CD at Chelsea Studio in Nashville, TN. The first song on the CD debuted at ..48 on the Independent Tracker Charts on March 10, 2000. In November 2000, Darren recorded his first album at KMA Records. The album, "Jesse Told Becky Goodbye," was released in February 2001. Darren has performed several times at the VFW in Chattanooga, TN, where his music has been well received. Darren seems to increase his following every place he performs. His first album continues to climb up the Independent charts.
On March 18, 2001, Darren performed with Grand Ole Opry Star, Ernie Ashworth, at the Holiday Inn Select in Nashville, TN. This performance was to benefit the Children's Rights Council (CRC). Darren's song, "Jesse Told Becky Goodbye," appeared on a compilation CD along with music by Ernie Ashworth. Sales from the CD go to help the CRC National organization. In April, 2001, Darren released a single to radio stations entitled "Politically Incorrect Redneck." This song has proven to be very popular.
Darren performed live in Chattanooga, TN, on May 19, 2001. He and a live band performed for Penske Oil's Customer Appreciation Day in the K-Mart parking lot. Everyone who hears Darren knows he is on his way to seeing his dream come true. If you ask him, Darren will tell you God has given him his talent and remains in the spotlight - center stage - a very important place in Darren's life!
Darren Rhodes "Jesse Told Becky Goodbye" has just won International Song of the Year at the International Airplay King Eagle Awards in Nashville, 9th month 2001. Darren Rhodes also receives an award from the Best Of Texas Awards held in Beumont, Texas for (Male Vocalist Of The Year.) 10th month 2001.
On October 2nd, 2003 Darren Performed at Loretta Lynn's Ranch during the Nashville Songwriters Festival.
On August 5th 2011 Darren Audition for NBC's the Voice in Atlanta, Ga.
On October 2nd 2011 Darren Performed in Rockford, Alabama for their first ever October fest. | <urn:uuid:a89f84ae-6b85-4880-b74f-e8e29701730d> | 2013-05-24T01:44:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Nur Khan rendered colossal services for the uplift of national sports of hockey, cricket and squash and enabled Pakistan to reach the pinnacle. Under his tenure as hockey chief, Pakistan won two Olympics, World Cup and Champions Trophy titles with later two tournaments being his own brainchild apart from many new innovations to uplift these sports from decline and decadence. When he became chairman PCB (then BCCP) in February 1980, he made the Asia Cup an enduring reality and introduced neutral umpiring in cricket matches.
He also played a pivotal role in bringing the Cricket World Cup to the subcontinent for the first time. When Nur Khan took over the responsibility of reviving squash in the country, the game saw its zenith. His revolutionary steps for the uplift of the game included introduction of talent hunt scheme which paid dividends and produced a surfeit of world class Pakistan players in the 70s: Qamar Zaman, Gogi Allauddin, Hidayat Jahan, Mohibullah Khan Junior and others. ln 1975, his efforts bore fruit as Qamar Zaman brought back the British Open title to Pakistan after 12 years. He during his short stints as Minister of Education and Governor of West Pakistan made all endeavours to promote education and improve the social fibre of the nation.
Pakistan’s squash greats Jahangir Khan and Jansher Khan were discovered by the PIA when air marshal had the administrative reins of the national career. An ace fighter pilot, a visionary commander and an epitome a leader, Air Marshal Nur Khan emerged on the global landscape a true icon, a legend and a national hero. | <urn:uuid:18260389-d224-4190-8422-ab3b2bb89b68> | 2013-05-24T01:50:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|Bailey's Ecoregions and Subregions of the
United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands
What this map layer shows:
Ecoregions defined by common climatic and vegetation characteristics,
shown as domains, divisions, provinces and sections.
Ecoregions are ecosystems of regional extent. Bailey's ecoregions distinguish
areas that share common climatic and vegetation characteristics. A
four-level hierarchy is used to differentiate the ecoregions, with the
broadest classification being the domain. Domains are groups of related
climates and are differentiated based on precipitation and temperature.
There are four domains used for worldwide ecoregion classification and
all four appear in the United States: the polar domain, the humid temperate
domain, the dry domain, and the humid tropical domain. Divisions represent
the climates within domains and are differentiated based on precipitation
levels and patterns as well as temperature. Divisions are subdivided
into provinces, which are differentiated based on vegetation or other
natural land covers. Mountainous areas that exhibit different ecological
zones based on elevation are identified at the province level. The
finest level of detail is described by subregions, called sections,
which are subdivisions of provinces based on terrain features.
The purpose of ecological land classification is to provide information
for both the development of resources and the conservation of the environment.
Government and private land managers use this information to estimate
ecosystem productivity, to determine probable responses to land management
practices, and to address environmental issues over large areas, such
as air pollution, forest disease, or threats to biodiversity. This
map layer was compiled by the USDA
The Bailey's Ecoregions and Subregions of the United States, Puerto
Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands map layer shows the ecoregion domains,
divisions, provinces, and sections for this area. Further information
on domains, divisions, and provinces is available from the USDA Forest
Service Rocky Mountain Research Station page describing Ecoregions
of the United States, and detailed information on sections is available
through the USDA Forest Service page, Ecological
Subregions of the United States.
The National Atlas also includes a map layer showing Omernik's
Level III Ecoregions, which are defined by a wide variety of characteristics,
including vegetation, animal life, geology, soils, water, climate,
and human land use, as well as other living and non-living ecosystem components. | <urn:uuid:5e0305d0-788d-465d-9c1a-318233c38eba> | 2013-05-24T01:29:49Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Does President Obama have a problem with his political base? That conclusion seems inescapable in recent weeks, as prominent liberal voices have expressed their unhappiness with the president, especially in regards to compromises in the health care reform legislation passed last month in the Senate. Howard Dean, for one, said he would prefer to "kill the Senate bill" and start over, as did groups like MoveOn.org and prominent progressive bloggers like Jane Hamsher of Firedoglake and Markos Moulitsas of DailyKos.
Encapsulating the theme, Doonesbury's Mark Slackmeyer -- the comic strip's most "unreconstructed" liberal -- vented his frustration with Obama during a week in which the fictional NPR talk show host pronounced Obama a "complete disappointment" and declared that Obama had "totally lost me."
Now of course, Doonesbury is a work of fiction, but you still have to assume that if a pollster asked, Slackmeyer would have answered "disapprove" when asked to rate the president's performance. How many real-world liberal Democrats share that sentiment?
According to the daily tracking poll conducted all year by the Gallup organization, very few.
The chart below shows Obama's approval rating tabulated by a combination of party and ideology (published on Gallup's Web site). While Obama's rating has declined across the political spectrum, nearly nine out of 10 liberal Democrats -- an average of 87 percent in December -- approve of the job Obama is doing as president.
While Obama's numbers have declined modestly among liberal Democrats since last April (from 95 percent to 87 percent), the declines have been more pronounced among conservative Democrats, moderate to liberal Republicans and "pure independents" (those who do not "lean" to either party).
The less familiar pattern in the Gallup data is the way Obama's approval rose slightly among all Democrats during the first few months of his presidency before receding modestly over the summer and fall of 2009. As a result, Obama's rating among liberal Democrats the week before Christmas (89 percent) was just a single percentage point lower than in the first week of his presidency (90 percent). None of this suggests a full revolt.
Now we should add this caution: Self-described ideology and party identification are attitudes that can change over time and, according to Gallup's data, they have shifted slightly during 2009. Over the course of the year, Gallup shows a roughly 5 percentage point decline in the "leaned Democrat" category and a matching increase in "leaned Republicans." The liberal Democrat subgroup fell slightly from 17 percent of all adults in February to 15 percent in December.
But wait. Perhaps liberal discontent is not evident in the simple approval rating but might be more evident in a measure of the strength of liberal support. Obama may not have "totally lost" liberals like the fictional Slackmeyer, but the first year of the Obama presidency may have them feeling dispirited if still generally supportive.
Unfortunately, the Gallup Daily tracking does not probe for intensity of feeling about the presidential approval question, but the monthly surveys conducted by ABC News and the Washington Post include a follow-up that asks respondents whether they approve (or disapprove) "strongly or somewhat."
Between late February and mid-December, the ABC/Post survey shows an overall decline in Obama's strongly favorable rating from 43 percent to 31 percent. Among liberal Democrats, strong approval started out at 77 percent in February and varied between a low of 72 percent and a high of 81 percent through mid-September. It fell in October (65 percent) and November (67 percent) before rebounding in December (76 percent).
Given the small sample sizes involved, it is probably best to focus on the averages: Among liberal Democrats, the ABC/Post poll found a decline in strong approval from 78 percent in the first three months of the Obama presidency to 69 percent over the last three. A decline, to be sure, but at least two-thirds of liberal Democrats still say they strongly approve of the job Obama is doing as president.
Some on the left quarrel with the notion of measuring "the base" with a public opinion poll. Blogger Bob Brigham, for example, argues at the site MyDD that Obama's base is small if defined in terms of Obama's campaign contributors or volunteers. By his estimate, these were just 6 percent and 2 percent, respectively, of the 69 million Americans who voted for Obama. As such, he argues, "there is little reason to believe that national polls of Democrats represent the base."
Perhaps, but given that liberal Democrats as defined by Gallup currently represent just 15 percent of adults, the math necessary to suggest a smaller hidden revolt among Obama's most enthusiastic supporters in 2008 gets harder.
And any discussion of the Democratic base needs to consider African-Americans. Gallup's data shows virtually no change in Obama's approval rating from African-Americans over the course of the year. It averaged 92 percent, with very little variation over the course of the year. In December it averaged 90 percent.
Obama may have an enthusiasm problem among his 2008 volunteers and donors, although that case remains empirically unproven. The chart above illustrates the bigger and more readily apparent problem for 2010: declines in Obama's job approval rating over the latter half of 2009 that came mostly from voters in the middle, among liberal and moderate Republicans, true independents and, to a lesser extent, conservative Democrats. | <urn:uuid:4594fb51-d429-4ad6-b048-3dcc03605409> | 2013-05-24T01:37:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The division between the white and non-white share of the vote profoundly affects the results because all of the surveys show a racial gap between Obama and Romney that could be at least as large as 2008. In that campaign, Obama became the first candidate ever to lose whites by double-digits and still win the presidency. John McCain outpolled Obama among whites by 55 percent to 43 percent, but Obama won decisively anyway by carrying a cumulative 80 percent of minorities, including 95 percent of African-Americans and two-thirds of Hispanics. The race also produced a sharp divide within the white population: McCain amassed big margins among white men with and without a college degree, and non-college white women, the so-called waitress moms. Obama carried a majority only of white women with at least a four year degree.
All four of the new polls, with some variation, show patterns consistent with 2008. Obama's advantage among all non-white voters varies in the four surveys only modestly: he leads over Romney among them by 71 percent to 23 percent in the CNN poll; 74 percent to 20 percent in the ABC/Post survey; 77 percent to 17 percent in the new Gallup track; and 78 percent to 17 percent in the new Pew survey.
Romney in turn draws between 57 percent and 62 percent of the vote among white men without a college degree in the four surveys, holding Obama between 27 percent (in the Gallup track) to 37 percent (in CNN). In both Pew and ABC/Washington Post, Obama draws 32 percent of non-college white men. In 2008, he carried 39 percent of those blue collar men. In other words, all four of the surveys find Obama losing ground among working-class white men, consistently his toughest audience.
Among white men with at least a four-year degree, Romney in the four surveys draws between 53 percent (CNN) and 58 percent (Gallup), again only a relatively small variation. Obama attracts between 36 percent (Gallup) and 42 percent (ABC/Post and Pew). That compares to Obama's 42 percent among those men in 2008.
The variation among the polls is somewhat wider with the waitress moms. In 2008, Obama won 41 percent of those non-college white women; his showing in the new surveys varies from a low of 37 percent (in Gallup and Pew) to 42 percent (in ABC/Washington Post) to 46 percent (in the CNN survey). Romney's numbers among them varies from 46 percent in CNN to 54 percent in Pew.
In all four surveys, Obama's best group among whites is the college-educated white women. His showing among them varies from 60 percent (in the ABC/Post survey) to 55 percent (in Pew) to a narrower 51 percent to 45 percent advantage in the CNN survey. Only the Gallup track shows him trailing among them, by 45 percent to 47 percent for Romney. That means three of the four surveys show him matching or exceeding his 2008 number with those well-educated women, who tend to be not only socially liberal but more open to activist government than other whites. All four surveys show a gap between the preferences of the college white women-who appear to have been alienated by the intense focus on social issues during the GOP primaries-and the non-college white men even larger than in 2008.
Even with their modest variations, these four surveys paint a similar picture. Obama is largely holding the minority and college-educated white women who comprise two pillars of the modern Democratic base (along with young people.) But he is facing erosion among blue-collar white men and struggling to maintain even his modest 2008 support among the two swing quadrants in the white electorate: the college-plus white men and non-college white women.
For the moment, that division of allegiances is enough to provide Obama an overall advantage (he would lead slightly even in the Gallup track if the minority share of the vote was adjusted to its level in 2008). But it's not enough of an edge for him to breathe easy-and the fact that most of the white electorate is resisting him at least as much as it did in 2008 suggests he may never entirely get to such a comfortable place before November, even if he remains ahead overall. Check back here Thursday for another snapshot, from the first University of Phoenix/National Journal Next America Poll. | <urn:uuid:97cd46ad-eacf-4d45-87d8-7bf5c28692ad> | 2013-05-24T01:44:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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If you are interested in kicking up your next Western Party a notch, consider getting everyone involved with some fun and creative Western Party Games.
Your guests, especially the more macho men, always enjoy contests or competitions related to the outfits worn to these parties. Handing out awards for things like the most authentic cowboy/cowgirl, or the most outrageous cowboy/cowgirl, or the yuppiest cowboy/cowgirl always turn into a roaring good time.
In addition, no real western party would be complete without some serious western trivia. You can design a competition between the cowboys and the cowgirls, centered on lines from famous western movies, popular country western song trivia, famous real-life cowboys and cowgirls, and an endless list of other interesting and nostalgic topics.
When it comes to fun at a western party, let your imagination take over. I’m sure it won’t disappoint you | <urn:uuid:9f813006-a2f3-466e-bd06-9d7d9412457a> | 2013-05-24T01:38:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Sener - 25 Years in Space, Aerospace and Healthcare11 June 2012 by Sener
Sener has released a magazine, highlighting its 25 years in the space, astronomy and healthcare industries.
The magazine contains a variety of features and a range of news updates from the company.
For more information, please download this free white paper.
Sener - 25 Years in Space, Aerospace and Healthcare | <urn:uuid:7de4f9f4-5a8b-48a6-afab-7ab41354e1c4> | 2013-05-24T01:37:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hillary Clinton continues a tour through South Asia as she worries about her daughter's upcoming wedding.
Her daughter Chelsea is getting married on July 31 in upstate New York, and both parents are, she says, nervous wrecks.
She joked about husband Bill Clinton that "You should assume that if he makes it down the aisle in one piece it's going to be a major accomplishment.
"He's going to be so emotional, as am I," Clinton told NBC's Andrea Mitchell, speaking from Islamabad, Pakistan.
Clinton refused to reveal further details about the wedding. "My lips are sealed. I am under very strict orders not to talk about it," since it is a private matter.
Chelsea, 30, plans to marry investment banker Marc Mezvinsky on July 31 in Rhinebeck, NY. | <urn:uuid:ffa14f98-26c9-4ca5-86c8-757917fc1d77> | 2013-05-24T01:58:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Bangladeshi firefighters battle a fire at a garment factory in the Savar neighborhood in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A Dhaka fire official said the Tazreen factory's fire safety certification had expired on June 30, and fire officials refused to renew it because the building did not have the proper safety arrangements.
A Bangladeshi garment factory that was producing clothes for Wal-Mart, Disney and other major Western companies had lost its fire safety certification in June, five months before a blaze in the facility killed 112 workers, a fire official told The Associated Press.
Separately, the owner of the Tazreen factory told AP that he had only received permission to build a three-story facility but had expanded it illegally to eight stories and was adding a ninth at the time of the blaze.
The revelations about the deadliest garment fire in Bangladeshi history provide insight into the chaotic nature of safety enforcement at the country's more than 4,000 garment factories. The powerful garment industry is responsible for 80 percent of the South Asian nation's exports.
A Dhaka fire official said the Tazreen factory's fire safety certification had expired on June 30, and fire officials refused to renew it because the building did not have the proper safety arrangements. The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the media, wouldn't provide details of the violations.
"I can't explain more because the case is very sensitive and this is under investigation," the official said.
The factory did not have any fire exits for its 1,400 workers, many of whom became trapped by the blaze. Investigators have said the death toll would have been far lower if there had been even a single emergency exit. Fire extinguishers in the building were left unused, either because they didn't work or workers didn't know how to use them.
Delwar Hossain, the owner of the factory, told AP that he had been granted authorization for only a three-story building, but had added an extra five floors and had started construction on another.
When asked why, he responded: "My mental condition is not good, I am under pressure, please don't ask me anything else."
Safety inspectors and labor rights activists say major safety violations are common in garment factories, which continue to operate because their powerful owners block efforts to shut them down. | <urn:uuid:dc542c92-376d-44be-8047-74f67fe2dcbf> | 2013-05-24T02:06:23Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Photos and VideosMore Photos and Videos
Venezuela's President Hugo Chavez leaves behind a polarizing legacy. The mixed reactions to his death across the globe Tuesday were testament to that.
The death of Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez has left South America without the charismatic leader who galvanized a wave of socialist victories across the continent — and has left the United States without one of its most enduring populist firebrand foes.
Politicians worldwide were reacting to the death of the leftist leader Tuesday night and remarking on the future of the oil-rich nation.
The White House took the chance to reaffirm its support for Venezuela's people and its hopes for a rapprochement with its government.
"At this challenging time of President Hugo Chávez's passing, the United States reaffirms its support for the Venezuelan people and its interest in developing a constructive relationship with the Venezuelan government," President Barack Obama said in a statement Tuesday evening.
"As Venezuela begins a new chapter in its history, the United States remains committed to policies that promote democratic principles, the rule of law, and respect for human rights," it continued.
In Venezuela, the challenger whom Chávez had recently beaten to secure a fourth term as president tweeted his support for the late president's family.
"My solidarity with all the family and followers of President Hugo Chávez, we advocate for the unity of Venezuelans at this time," Henrique Capriles Radonski tweeted. "In difficult times we must show our most profound love and respect to our Venezuela!"
His sentiments were shared by many South American leaders.
Bolivia's president Evo Morales, a long-time close friend and ally of Chávez, was reportedly en route to Caracas, and Uruguayan President José Mujica was reportedly heading there Wednesday morning.
Argentine President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who had close ties to Chávez, was heading there as well. She decreed three days of mourning in Argentina and ordered all flags to fly at half staff, Argentine newspaper La Nacion reported.
The government of Cuba, perhaps Chávez's closest international ally all the way up until his death, released an emotional statement praising him as "an honest, lucid and brave fighter of the revolution" who "accompanied Fidel (Castro) like a true son."
"To our colleagues in the military and in the Venezuelan government we reiterate our support, alliance, and faith in the victory," it read in part.
Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff said Chávez's passing "saddens all Latin Americans," as her country's Congress held a moment of silence in the capital Brasília. "The Brazilian government and people lost a great friend," she said.
Ecuador's self-described left-wing President Rafael Correa declared three days of national mourning in solidarity with Venezuela.
"A great Latin American is gone. The whole world recognizes the greatness of this revolutionary," Correa said Tuesday night. "Ecuador feels as though this death were ours."
"Goodbye, Comandante and friend Hugo Chávez," Peru's leftist President Ollanta Humala wrote in a tweet of his own.
In the U.S., Chávez's passing exposed his polarizing legacy, as members of Congress responded to his passing variously with tributes and derision.
"Good riddance to this dictator," California Republican Ed Royce said in a statement, while Arkansas Republican and House Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Rogers called the news of Chávez's death "welcome news."
Some of the many Venezuelans living in Florida were reacting with cautious optimism that there will be change in their homeland following his death on Tuesday, and Republican U.S. Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen of Florida called it "an opportunity for democracy in Venezuela."
Sen. Marco Rubio, one of the GOP's rising national stars, agreed and urged the country to move past what he called the "socialist disaster" of Cháve's presidency.
"The Venezuelan people now have an opportunity to turn the page on one of the darkest periods in its history and embark on a new, albeit difficult, path to restore the rule of law, democratic principles, security and free enterprise system in a nation that deserves so much better than the socialist disaster of the past 14 years," he said.
Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter released a statement saying Chávez "will be remembered for his bold assertion of autonomy and independence for Latin American governments."
Chavez also won an encomium from former Massachusetts congressman Joseph P. Kennedy II, who after leaving Congress has led the non-profit energy company Citizens Energy, which drew scrutiny in the U.S. for enlisting Chavez's help to provide heating oil to low-income Americans.
"President Chavez cared deeply about the poor of Venezuela and other nations around the world," Kennedy said in a statement. "Our prayers go out to President Chavez's family, the people of Venezuela and all who were warmed by his generosity."
At the United Nations, Russian U.N. Ambassador Vitaly Churkin called the death "a tragedy. He was a great politician for his country, Latin America and the world." | <urn:uuid:928f347f-08cc-4426-be33-c3bff2b24cbc> | 2013-05-24T01:30:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Lovelace, the rockhopper penguin that answers life's questions in the animated film "Happy Feet", probably would be just as stumped as the researchers who reported Friday that the population of his northern relatives has declined by 90 percent over the last 50 years.
The population of northern rockhopper penguins once reached into the millions, but now the largest colonies are estimated at between 32,000 to 65,000 pairs on Gough Island, and 40,000 to 50,000 pairs on Tristan da Cunha Island, according to a study in the journal Bird Conservation International.
Those two South Atlantic islands, which are British overseas territories, account for more than 80 percent of the total species population.
"Historically, we know that penguins were exploited by people, and that wild dogs and pigs probably had an impact on their numbers," Richard Cuthbert of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and lead author of the paper, said in a statement. "However, these factors cannot explain the staggering declines since the 1950s, when we have lost upwards of a million birds from Gough and Tristan."
"The declines at Gough since the 1950s are equivalent to losing 100 birds every day for the last 50 years", he added.
"With more than half the world’s penguins facing varying degrees of extinction, it is imperative that we establish the exact reason why the Northern Rockhopper Penguin is sliding towards oblivion," he said. "Understanding what's driving the decline of this bird will help us understand more about other threatened species in the Southern Ocean."
Possible factors, the researchers said, include climate change, shifts in marine ecosystems and overfishing.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds accused British government agencies of internal bickering that has delayed any action to protect the species.
"They are completely disinterested," RSPB staffer Sarah Sanders said of the government. "It's ridiculous and embarrassing. We are meant to be world leaders in biodiversity conservation and we can't even decide who is responsible for the overseas territories."
Other penguin species had been considered in generally good health until recently. The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service last December proposed listing the African penguin as endangered under the Endangered Species Act, and five others as threatened: the yellow-eyed penguin, the white-flippered penguin, the Fiordland crested penguin and the erect-crested penguin, all from New Zealand; as well as the Humboldt penguin of Chile and Peru.
© 2013 msnbc.com Reprints | <urn:uuid:30f6cee3-b6a4-4669-b62c-dd0f865f141c> | 2013-05-24T01:57:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This Sept. 21, 2011, memo posted on the White House website shows then-Office of Management and Budget director Jack Lew's signature. Lew's nomination for treasury secretary means a new signature could soon be coming to the dollar bill. It remains to be seen whether President Barack Obama will make Lew change up his signature or if the Senate will make it a condition of his confirmation.
Jack Lew's nomination for treasury secretary means a new signature could soon be coming to the dollar bill.
Not that you'll be able to read it.
Lew's signature starts off promising enough, with a soft "J." But what follows are seven loopy scribbles, rendering his signature illegible.
The treasury secretary's signature is emblazoned in the lower right corner of U.S. dollar bills of all denominations.
Obama joked Thursday that Lew's nomination nearly fell through because of the loopy John Hancock.
He said he had never noticed the signature until it made the press.
"Jack assures me that he is going to work to make at least one letter legible in order not to debase our currency," Obama said. | <urn:uuid:999fde14-9e57-4549-861e-03a60c94a63a> | 2013-05-24T01:38:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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September is Preparedness Month ~ Be prepared for wildfires ~
Posted on 9/2/2008
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Contact: Cecily Fong
September 2, 2008
Bismarck, ND - With fall fire season nearly upon us, the ND Department of Emergency Services (NDDES) reminds North Dakotans that dry conditions exist in many areas of the state and the risk of wild fire continues to be high. It is important to be aware of a few important factors that will ensure that you and your family are safe.
Learn and teach safe fire practices.
Build fires away from nearby trees or bushes.
Always have a way to extinguish the fire quickly and completely.
Never leave a fire--even a cigarette--burning unattended.
Avoid open burning completely, and especially during dry season.
Always be ready for an emergency evacuation.
Know where to go and what to bring with you.
Plan several escape routes in case roads are blocked by a wildfire.
Children should be aware of evacuation routes and families should practice them together.
Know how to report a fire.
Be aware of your surroundings so you can give a good and accurate location.
Give an approximate size and describe any homes or structures that may be threatened.
Stay on the line to help give further information as requested. | <urn:uuid:04415604-1b7d-4176-b9ba-076b56b5fa05> | 2013-05-24T01:45:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Shares in NVIDIA Corporation surged nearly 8 percent today amid speculation that the graphics card company was about to be purchased by chip giant Intel. The stock rose $2.32 to hit $30.62 in afternoon trading on the NASDAQ exchange. An Intel spokeswoman declined to comment on the rumors, and there has been no statement from NVIDIA on the subject.
If the rumor is true, the announcement could come quickly. "There is speculation that Intel will make an acquisition announcement tonight," Bill Lefkowitz, an options strategist at vFinance Investments, told Reuters. However, not every analyst shares this belief. Some feel that NVIDIA's market cap of $10 billion would represent too high a price for Intel, which is currently on a cost-cutting spree.
The deal, if it happens, would mirror the purchase of rival graphics card maker ATI by chipmaker AMD. That acquisition represented a significantly lower cost outlay, as ATI's market capitalization was only $4.2 billion at the time. Still, AMD managed to swing the deal, a combination of cash and stock, while only having a market cap slightly more than double ATI's. Intel's valuation currently stands at an impressive $120 billion. | <urn:uuid:651048f3-3e5e-4653-9906-30eba1db43d7> | 2013-05-24T01:32:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Preparing Your Yard
While you were thinking about what kind of dog to get, you no doubt had to decide what to do about your yard so that you could properly exercise your pooch. It is not safe or smart to let your dog out and expect that she will do her business and then return to you. A fenced-in yard protects your dog from running off and protects her from other dogs or animals that may want to run onto your property. Even a small fenced-in area allows you to at least let your dog out when she needs to relieve herself without you having to join her — this is especially helpful in inclement weather.
Beyond the consideration of a fence, you should take a look at your yard or property and think about what might be on it that could harm your pup or dog. This could include any kind of debris or junk that's been allowed to decompose in any way. It could include old wood that might have nails or splinters. It could include gaps in the fence line where your dog might be able to slip out or, with a little digging, get out. Remember, better safe than sorry! Clean up or remove anything that could be potentially dangerous before you bring home your dog, or pay the consequences once she's at your home. It's easier and cheaper to take care of this before your dog is at your home.
If you don't have a fence yet but are thinking about getting one, you have several options. Cost will undoubtedly factor into your decision, though practicality and aesthetics are very important, as well. If you think about it, the fence you install should last many years, so an expensive choice that best suits your situation will be better than a cheaper option that doesn't quite fit. There are wire fences, wooden fences, and fences made of synthetic materials.
Think about whether the breed you're interested in is particularly territorial, how close you are to other houses and the street, and how much time you think he may spend outside. If he can see through the fence and may spend a fair amount of time outside, you may end up with a dog who barks at and runs alongside the fence — a tough habit to break. | <urn:uuid:d585cd5b-dd1f-429a-9a54-3d22cde30d5a> | 2013-05-24T01:52:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Nonprofit Blogging Burning Questions and Answers
Earlier in the month I taught a Nonprofit Blogging 101 workshop at the 2008 Making Media Connections Conference. At the beginning of the session, I asked folks what their burning questions were. Below are their questions, and my quick answers. What questions and answers would you add?
1. How do we decide if our organization should have a blog?
Answer these questions:
1. What is the goal you want to achieve?
2. Who is your target audience?
3. What are the communication tools you could use to achieve that goal?
If a blog is one of the tools you think would meet your goal, ask yourself:
4. How often do you want to post on your blog, and when?
5. What are the topics you want your blog to cover?
6. What platform will you use? Who will set it up?
7. How much time, staff and money do you have to put into setting up your blog, writing your blog, answering comments, reading other blogs, and leaving comments on other blogs?
Once you've answered those questions you'll have a better idea if a blog is the tool for you, and if you have the time, money and staff to make it work over the long run.
2. How do you make the case to your Executive Director that your organization should have a blog?
Do the steps in question #1. Present your ED with the goal a blog will achieve, how you will measure its impact, who will set it up, who will write and maintain it, how much time it will take, and how much it will cost.
Talk to other nonprofits whose blogs you respect. Ask them for success stories that you can share with your boss.
3. Should your organization's blog have editorial guidelines?
In general, a blog is a different communication tool than say, a newsletter. Should it have correct spelling and grammar? Yes. Should the content be appropriate to your audience? Yes. But blogs are all about authenticity, transparency and the voice of a real person. Don't stifle blogs' most precious qualities.
4. How do you handle a blog with multiple voices?
Provide rss feeds to the whole blog, and to individual bloggers' feeds so readers have a choice of how they want to subscribe. Provide formatting guidlelines for a clean, unified look. If there is cross-over in expertise, make it a practice for writers to check in before posting to make sure they aren't writing about the same thing. You may also want to make a posting schedule so that you have at least one post a day, and everyone doesn't post at once.
5. Who in the organization should blog?
Whoever is excited to do it, but please, no interns. The interns can be contributing bloggers, but they shouldn't be the lead blogger. I've seen way to many nonprofit blogs with tons of posts between June-August, and then the intern leaves and it's a ghost town.
6. How do you encourage comments?
• Make it easy to comment. You will definitely get more commenters if they don't have to create a login and password on your site to participate, at least in the beginning.
* Title the post with an open-ended question.
• Be controversial.
* Ask for comments.
• Answer comments that people leave.
• Comment on other people's blogs.
7. How do you deal with issues of fear and control?
Blogphobia often manifests itself in a fear of comments. Here's the thing:
1. You can moderate comments.
2. If someone writes something bad about your organization, I'll betcha that they are saying it to other people, and that other people may have the same feelings. Wouldn't you rather address the complaint out in the open, where everyone can read your response, instead of having talk about you behind your back?
3. Everyone wants comments, but not bad comments. You don't get to choose what the comments are about.
8. How can you use a blog to fundraise and mobilize people to action?
Content and trust. People will read your organization's blog because they want to know about your organizations' news, news related to your cause, and your opinions as thought leaders in your field. Once you have a base of established readers who are interested in what you have to say, and who trust you because you are being authentic, transparent, and real, they'll be more likely to say yes when you ask for their money, or time.
9. How do you increase traffic?
- Write interesting, relevant, useful content.
Link to other blogs
Comment on other blogs
Participate in blog carnivals
Let folks in your social networks know when you've written a post that might be of interest to them
Write about thing related to current news and events that people might be searching for
Use titles that you think people might be searching for (i.e. How to Start a Nonprofit Blog)
Tag your posts in del.icio.us, ma.gnolia, etc.
10. What are the ethics of blogging?
There isn't one code of ethics that all bloggers follow. Here are three examples:
Rebecca Blood's Weblog Ethics
Cyberjournalist's A Blogger's Code of Ethics
Groundswell's Blogging Policy Examples
11. How do you reach out to other bloggers to write about your organization?
I wrote about this a while ago on my personal blog, Have Fun * Do Good: 10 Tips for Asking Bloggers to Write About Your Cause.
12. With the number of blogs increasing each day, how do you compete?
• By creating content that is of interest to your supporters, and to people who care about your issue, even if they aren't an active supporter (yet) of your organization.
• Following the steps in #9 to increase traffic.
• Advertising your blog in your email signature, e-newsletter, printed newsletter, annual report, social networks, business cards, etc.
• Figuring out what niche information need your blog can fill. I often think of all of the boxes of toothpaste that there are to choose from at the drugstore. Look how many kinds of toothpaste Crest has. Why do you pick one over the other? Many times you choose the one that meets your specific needs. What is the niche of information that your organization can provide that no one else can?
Phew. That's the end of the list. What are some of your burning nonprofit blog questions? How would you add to the answers above? | <urn:uuid:6fbd8b8a-8233-44da-9753-f688b2236b35> | 2013-05-24T02:06:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Kirilenko gets engaged to Ovechkin
Russian tennis player Maria Kirilenko has got engaged to compatriot ice hockey player Alex Ovechkin.
The two have been dating since 2011, with Washington Capitals center Ovechkin often spotted in the stands at Kirilenko's matches and the tennis star dropping in on Ovechkin's hockey games.
"We are engaged," Ovechkin said on Twitter on New Year's eve shortly after posting a picture of himself on holiday with Kirilenko.
World No.14 Kirilenko moved her training sessions to Washington to be closer to Ovechkin. | <urn:uuid:fc5bc851-63f6-43ed-a965-e2683d40aa8e> | 2013-05-24T02:06:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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