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Zuma: Candidates off list to be probed
Johannesburg - President Jacob Zuma has promised to remove non-preferred candidates from lists after the local government elections, saying in certain areas the process was manipulated.
"We will deal with the individuals who should not be on the list after the elections," he told reporters at Luthuli House in Johannesburg on Thursday. He announced the party had set up a team to investigate problems with the lists.
"We cannot correct the lists before the election as legally that process has been closed.
"It has become apparent... that in some instances and in some isolated areas, the processes were unjustly interfered with and manipulated.
"In the affected wards, candidates that were preferred by our structures and communities were removed from the lists. This has understandably caused anger and frustration."
ANC’s ‘honest’ track record
Since it was the first time in South Africa that communities were involved in candidate selection, there were bound to be teething problems, he said.
"The findings of this team will make it possible for the ANC to remove any candidates who were not preferred by our structures and our communities."
He said the ANC's "honesty and track record" spoke for itself and the party would keep its word.
"The decision of the ANC and the corrective measures to be undertaken will bring to rest any confusion that might have been created by anybody within or outside our structures regarding removal of preferred candidates."
‘ANC will win Western Cape’
Zuma said the ANC was confident of victory in all areas for the election, even in the Democratic Alliance-controlled Western Cape.
"We are absolutely confident of a win," he said with a smile.
There was a perception the ruling party had lost the Western Cape to the opposition. "No party in the Western Cape has won the election. The ANC has," he asserted.
"We did not lose. What happened was that other parties combined to reduce the majority of the ANC," he said, referring to the merger of the DA and Independent Democrats.
"There is a perception that the DA runs the Western Cape and because of them it is first-class and excellent... like Rondebosch. Not true.
"The Western Cape remains in an upper tranche set up where there are mostly white privileged people, and that is why it is first-class, but it does not represent [black and coloured communities like] Khayelitsha and Gugulethu and those areas."
The ANC, he said, promised to make it "better for all".
Zuma said the timing of the SA Municipal Workers' Union strike, just ahead of the elections, should be questioned.
"We are not saying don't strike. What we are saying is that the timing should be looked at."
There had been claims the industrial action was planned to sabotage the ANC's election campaign. | <urn:uuid:d122e557-bdd1-4e33-a266-7674b455f82b> | 2013-05-24T01:38:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The Pakistani Taliban claimed responsibility Saturday for a blast that killed seven people, including three children, during a Shiite religious procession.
The bomb was planted in a garbage container in the central Pakistani city of Dera Ismail Khan and exploded as the last section of the procession, in which children were following adults, was passing by, police spokesman Khalid Sohail said.
Eighteen people, including five children and two police officials, were wounded in the attack.
The spokesman for the Pakistani Taliban, Ihsanullah Ihsan, said the group would continue "its mission" and attack Shiite Ashura processions across Pakistan.
Pakistan is on high alert because of the two-day high holy Shiite holiday of Ashura, in which believers mourn the death of a key imam from the seventh century.
Shia Islam is a minority sect in the mainly Sunni Muslim country, and its members face persecution from extremists. The Pakistani Taliban took responsibility for similar attacks earlier this week.
The government increased security for the Ashura observance, which ends Saturday.
Interior Minister Rehman Malik temporarily blocked cell phone services in cities, where gathered intelligence indicated the possibility of bombs detonated by cell phone. He also banned motor bikes, often used to conceal bombs, for two days in some cities.
Malik said the safeguards were specifically meant to protect Shiites.
At least 31 people were killed and 68 wounded in multiple bomb attacks Wednesday despite heightened security.
A Tehrik-i-Taliban spokesman said those attacks targeted Shiites, who the terrorists believe denigrate the Prophet Mohammed with their religious observance.
Ashura commemorates the death of the Prophet Mohammed's grandson, killed in the Battle of Karbala in 680 AD. The battle and subsequent death of Imam Hussein caused the split between Shiite and Sunni Muslims. | <urn:uuid:f73e1d8a-be62-4467-a9d7-4e13b4dc7de0> | 2013-05-24T01:38:46Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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First a meteor exploded over Russia, followed closely by an asteroid fly-by. Now, two comets are expected to put on a naked-eye spectacle for sky watchers in the Northern Hemisphere.
Up first is Comet Pan-STARRS, which gets its funky name from the telescope credited with discovering it in June 2001: the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System in Hawaii.
The comet is already visible through telescopes in the Southern Hemisphere, and it should swing into view over the Northern Hemisphere beginning around March 8.
It's hard to predict exactly how bright Pan-STARRS will be, but you should be able to see it without binoculars or telescopes, said Don Yeomans of NASA's Near-Earth Object Program. It should be about as bright as the stars in the Big Dipper.
"There is a chance that it will be a little brighter than this, but likewise, it might not get quite that bright," said Karl Battams of the Naval Research Lab.
Part of the brightness will depend on how close Pan-STARRS gets to the sun. Comets are made up of water, ice, dust and other elements and minerals, all loosely packed together, Battams said. As a comet gets closer to the sun, the sun's heat causes these elements to melt, spewing out dust and gas in a brilliant tail.
"The closer it gets, the more intense the radiation and the more elements will be melted," he said.
Pan-STARRS is expected to get fairly close to the sun. That's bad news for the comet, but it could be a boon for sky watchers if the comet is brighter and easier to see.
Pan-STARRS also could fall apart and fizzle. But if it survives its sunbath, we should be able to see it low on the horizon in the western sky for a couple of weeks, Battams said.
"About half an hour after sunset would be a good time for people take a look," he said.
Here are some key dates:
March 5: Pan-STARRS will be closest to Earth;
March 10: The comet will pass closest to the sun;
March 12 and 13: The best dates to look for Pan-STARRS; it should emerge in the western sunset sky not far from the crescent moon.
Battams has these viewing tips:
1) Safety first: Don't try to look at the comet until the sun sets. Do not look at the sun using regular binoculars or telescopes. Ever! You'll burn up your eyes.
2) Comet Pan-STARRS will stay close to the horizon, so you'll need to get away from trees and buildings.
3) Look carefully! The sky will still be bright at dusk, which can make it hard to spot comets.
4) If the skies are clear, and you are away from city light pollution, you may be able to see the comet with your bare eyes. If not, use binoculars.
5) If you can't escape the city, try using binoculars. | <urn:uuid:af91a9e8-eb05-4230-87e5-fae1e8e7e84a> | 2013-05-24T01:58:17Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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When it comes to Valentine's Day meals, every newspaper, magazine, website and TV station has its own array of suggestions for what you should make to show how much you love your sweetheart. On this very site, you'll find an array of links that will help you plan an elegant and wonderful romantic feast.
Personally, this will be the first Valentine's Day in my adult life I've spent solo, so I'll probably have some wings and fries and drown my (non) sorrows in a pint or three of good local brew.
But for those of you with the happy burden of having to plan a Valentine's feast, don't let the constraints of convention trap you into pulling a number at the seafood counter and waiting to pay through the nose for a lobster. I love lobster, but I've never understood how putting something that looks like a giant bug on a plate and hacking it open shows your love.
One of my favorite Valentine's meals is also one of the simplest dishes I've ever created. Start with a generous handful of pine nuts (pignola) and toast them carefully in a nonstick skillet. Stir them frequently and do not leave them unattended, as the line between "yummy toasted" and "nasty burnt" is about 10 seconds wide. When they're toasty, dump them into a small bowl and set them aside.
Take a dozen sea scallops and dip one side of each of them in flour. Melt some butter in the skillet and put the scallops flour-side down. Cook them over medium heat until the flour is lightly browned. Turn them and allow about 30 seconds to finish the cooking, then remove them to a plate.
Throw a generous amount of baby spinach (or baby wild greens if you're feeling adventurous) in the skillet and splash a bit of white wine over them. Cook until they're wilted, sprinkle some good balsamic vinegar atop them and stir in the pine nuts. Serve the scallops on a base of greens.
It's the perfect dish because it's got one fairly expensive ingredient, requires multiple cooking techniques and looks like it took far more effort than was actually required. It's also fairly bulletproof, so even rookie cooks can be assured of a fairly high degree of success.
<h3>Meals From Memory</h3>
If you're with someone with whom you share some history, pay attention to that when you plan your romantic repast. For my first wife and me, fried chicken was one of those dishes. When we got married, I was working for a security company that agreed to give me a whole two days off for a honeymoon. We were living in Houston, and could just barely afford a honeymoon in Galveston at the grand old Flagship Hotel, now gone thanks to Hurricane Ike.
We left Houston after I got off work at 9 p.m., and realized neither of us had had dinner. On the way down, we stopped at a truck stop that was a favorite of ours on night patrols when she'd ride with me and picked up a box of the awesome fried chicken that the night shift clerk made to feed hungry truckers. We got to our room, checked in and spent a happy hour sitting on the balcony over the water, eating chicken and tossing the bones to what we imagined were ravenous sharks below.
You won't find fried chicken on many Valentine's Day menus, but the fact is that it always brought back memories for us, and that's what counts.
One of my friends and his partner met working at a chili cookoff, and to this day they take turns making each other "The Ultimate Romantic Chili Dinner."
Of course, we all know that whatever meal you make, the dessert is the really important part. Usually, that needs to involve chocolate of some sort. If you're baking-challenged, or just want to come up with something your sweetie has most likely never had and will enjoy immensely, try Cranberry Island Whoopie Pies. They're Maine's official state dessert, and consist usually of two rich chocolate cakes with a lightly sweet, dense cream filling in the middle.
There's even a Valentine's assortment of heart-shaped Whoopie Pies, with three each of Chambord, Champagne, rich chocolate and traditional (made with organic vanilla).
Explore all their offerings, and you'll find yourself ordering things all year long!
Got a question? Comment? Topic you'd like to see covered? Product you'd like reviewed? Drop me a line, anytime! | <urn:uuid:69fa1508-32e4-42f6-a5d5-1dfbe8ae0768> | 2013-05-24T02:00:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The avant-garde movements of the early 20th century ushered in a revolution on many fronts: a revolution in the arts, a revolution in political values, and a revolution in thinking itself. In this course, we examine central literary and artistic works of the European avant-garde, studying the movements of Italian futurism, German expressionism, Dada, and French surrealism. At the heart of this course is an inquiry into the crucial nexus of art and politics. What constitutes the central critiques made by the various avant-garde movements? In what ways did these movements induce social and political change? What legacy have they left on our thinking today? Finally, what can we make of the complexities of the avant-garde? How can we understand the futurist leaning toward fascism, the anarchist stance in Dada, and the gender violence in expressionist art and literature? Attention is paid to the visual and verbal arts. We read the genres of poetry, prose, and drama, as well as manifestoes and political tracts. We also view slides of painting, photography, photomontage and performance art. Works by Andr� Breton, Leonora Carrington, Franz Kafka, Mina Loy, F.T. Marinetti, Tristan Tzara, and Frank Wedekind, amongst others. Theoretical texts by Walter Benjamin, Bertolt Brecht, Peter B�rger, and Georg Luk�cs. | <urn:uuid:b4ff76ee-85c0-4163-bcd3-716ab765b6dd> | 2013-05-24T01:59:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Water from space is 'raining' onto a planet-forming disc at supersonic speeds, new observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope reveal. The unprecedented detail of the observations at this early stage of the disc's formation could help reveal which of two competing theories of planet formation is correct.
Planets form when matter clumps together in swirling discs of gas and dust, called protoplanetary discs, around infant stars. But many details of how this works are still not known. For example, some scientists think giant planets can form in just a few thousand years, while others argue it takes millions of years.
Now, astronomers led by Dan Watson of the University of Rochester in New York, US, have gained an unprecedented view of a protoplanetary disc at the young age of just a few hundred thousand years old.
They used the Spitzer Space Telescope to examine the spectrum of infrared light coming from the vicinity of an embryonic star called IRAS 4B, which lies about 1000 light years from Earth.
At this very early stage, an outer cocoon of gas and dust called an envelope still surrounds the star and its swirling disc.
Previous observations in the microwave portion of the spectrum suggested that this large cocoon is contracting and sending material onto the disc. But the inner region, where the disc meets the cocoon, could not be seen at these wavelengths.
The Spitzer observations probe this inner region and reveal infrared light emitted by massive amounts of water vapour - the equivalent of five times the content of the Earth's oceans.
The vapour is too hot to be explained by the embryonic star's radiation alone, suggesting another process must be heating it up.
The team believes ice from the cocoon is pelting the disc at a rate faster than the speed of sound there, creating a shock front. "The sonic boom that it endures when it lands on the disc heats it up very efficiently" and vaporises it, Watson told New Scientist.
This supersonic shock "has been searched for and theorised about for decades", Watson says. It is a short-lived phenomenon that only occurs during the first few hundred thousand years of the star and disc formation, while the envelope is still feeding the disc.
The light emitted as the icy particles hit the disc can be used to learn more about the disc itself at this early stage, which could shed light on how planets form.
Most astronomers believe planets form according to a model known as "core accretion", in which small particles snowball into larger and larger objects over millions of years.
A competing idea, called "disc instability", is that turbulence in the disc can cause matter to collapse into planets extremely quickly, producing gas giants such as Jupiter in just a few thousand years.
"If you wanted to test between those scenarios, one of the most important places to look would be the stage we're looking at now," Watson says.
Future observations of such young discs could reveal how turbulent the discs are, and thus whether they boast the conditions required for disc instability, he says. "The whole subject of the very beginnings of the development of solar systems is open to study now," Watson says.
Donald Brownlee of the University of Washington in Seattle, US, agrees. "It's interesting to have a new peek into a period of history of what appears to be a forming planetary system, potentially at a timescale that we've never seen before," he told New Scientist. "It forms another important clue to how planetary systems form."
Journal reference: Nature (vol 448, p 1026)
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Barking Up The Wrong Tree
Mon Mar 19 19:02:04 GMT 2012 by Tony Marshallsay
Having been schooled in the theory of planet formation by agglomeration of dust particles over a period of thousands or millions of years, I have recently ceased believing in it for a number of reasons:
1. If agglomeration works so well, why has the Asteroid Belt not agglomerated to a planet?Of course, recent examination by spacecraft has revealed that, while some asteroids are solid, other "potatoes" are, indeed, agglomerates.
2. The agglomeration theory cannot easily - if at all - explain retrograde planetary spins
3. It is difficult to see how agglomeration and an exceedingly slow increase in self-gravity pressure could result in the creation of "rocky" planets like our Earth, with molten iron cores including heavier, radioactive elements to generate internal heating, since any heat generated by the compression process would be dissipated into space over such a long time, making fusion reactions extremely unlikely.
Accordingly, I have come to the opinion that planets of all types are formed initially not over an exceedingly long time but rather almost instantly as core shards of exploding supernovae.
This view, again, has several implications, viz:
A. Outer core shards consisting of light materials would likely be small, lose heat very quickly and cool into misshapes before being able to become spherical under self-gravity.
B. Inner core shards, on the other hand, would have sufficient thermal capacity and radioactive material to maintain heat long enough to develop a spherical shape and the composition of our Earth (we might thus consider the Earth to be a microcosm of a stellar core, albeit under far less heat and pressure).
C. The shards would be flung in all directions, resulting in the multitude of "free planets" recently observed by Japanese investigators.
D. Some of those free planets would inevitably - sooner or later - become trapped in the gravitational fields of stars, creating planetary systems, such as our own Solar System.
E. The inconsistencies of size and composition of the Solar System's planets can then easily be explained by considering the planets as having been captured "missiles" from various supernovae, perhaps even in other galaxies (do the math - it's possible, even at incredibly slow speeds, when you take a few billion years into consideration).
F. A "Gas Giant" can be formed by a heavy, rocky "seed" gathering a thick coat of gas through happening to have been ejected in the direction of a large gas cloud.
Opinions on the above are welcome (I am becoming accustomed to brickbats descending upon my head from a great height!).
All comments should respect the New Scientist House Rules. If you think a particular comment breaks these rules then please use the "Report" link in that comment to report it to us.
If you are having a technical problem posting a comment, please contact technical support. | <urn:uuid:23eeb74b-c2db-46f7-b015-b9611e9f2bd0> | 2013-05-24T01:58:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Bad night for Nic Cage: He got arrested in New Orleans after a loud and drunken argument with his wife—and then police, reports TMZ. The chain of events, from police, TMZ, and AP: Cage and his wife began arguing on the sidewalk in front of a home in the French Quarter. He insisted it was the home they were renting, and she disagreed. Things got loud, and Cage began hitting cars. He also reportedly grabbed his wife's arm and tried to get into a taxi.
Police arrived, and Cage, ever so wisely, began yelling at them. "Why don't you just arrest me?" he shouted, according to TMZ sources who described him as "very drunk." So arrest him they did. He is charged with domestic abuse battery, disturbing the peace, and public drunkenness. It looks like he also spent the night in jail before being released today on $11,000 bond. | <urn:uuid:007c5ad3-d775-48ef-bf38-5d95a84b2ad4> | 2013-05-24T02:06:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Building on its experience with the OpenShift platform-as-a-service (PaaS) for developers, Red Hat has followed through on its promise to release OpenShift Enterprise. The move follows a road map and strategy the company first announced in the spring.
During that announcement in May, Red Hat said it would extend OpenShift PaaS so that enterprises could maximize their operational flexibility and application development efficiency.
With Tuesday's launch, OpenShift GM Ashesh Badani said in a statement, "developers are now able to choose among leading application development languages and tools for the job," while IT can select the clouds on which to deliver these application stacks to the enterprise . Red Hat Vice President of Engineering and CTO Brian Stevens described OpenShift as the cloud destination that developers have "been dreaming of," because of its broad choice of languages, frameworks and supported cloud providers.
'Redefines the PaaS Market'
Red Hat had launched OpenShift the preceding May, in 2011, for developers who use open source. It said at that time that OpenShift "redefines" the PaaS market by providing a "new level of choice in languages, frameworks and clouds" for developers to build, test, run and manage their applications.
The company said OpenShift offered greater flexibility than any other PaaS because of its support for more development frameworks for Java, Python, PHP, and Ruby, including Spring, Seam, Weld, CDI, Rails, Rack, Symfony, Zend Framework, Twisted, Django and Java EE. Additionally, both SQL and NoSQL data stores and a distributed file system are included, and OpenShift utilizes the Deltacloud cloud interoperability standard so that developers could run their applications on any supported Red Hat Certified Public Cloud Provider.
The core enterprise technologies powering OpenShift PaaS are Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Red Hat Storage, JBoss Enterprise Middleware, and OpenShift's integrated programming languages, frameworks and developer tools.
In launching the enterprise version, Red Hat noted that the OpenShift platform has evolved to include emerging development languages, such as Node.js, and it became the first PaaS to support Java EE 6 and to offer comprehensive lifecycle support for Java. The company, in keeping with its ethos, has also made available the code behind the OpenShift platform through the open source OpenShift Origin project that began in April.
In its May 2012 road map, the company pointed out that enterprises have additional operational considerations beyond developers' needs, such as ones related to compliance , enterprise architecture standards, IT governance, security, application lifecycle management , application development methodologies, data and computer locality, privacy, and other requirements.
With OpenShift Enterprise, companies have several choices of management and operational models. A DevOps model allows developers to deploy and manage applications either through a Public PaaS solution, or via a Private PaaS solution with OpenShift on-premise. Using an ITOps model, IT teams can maintain centralized control over their applications and infrastructure , based on OpenShift with Red Hat Cloud Forms. OpenShift can also be self-managed and available offline, running on a developer's laptop . | <urn:uuid:771ea886-0931-4a65-9b8f-b95176e255e6> | 2013-05-24T01:41:35Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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American civil religion
American civil religion is a term given to a shared set of certain fundamental beliefs, values, holidays, and rituals by those who live in the United States of America. These shared values and holidays are based upon, parallel to, but independent of the theological tenets of each specific denomination or religious belief. The notion of a civil religion originated in the United States due to its origins as a religiously diverse nation. From the Pilgrim founders and the other Puritan groups to the numerous other groups fleeing religious persecution, the American nation had a unique experience and developed a system that allowed for maximum freedom of religion for individuals and groups while allowing no one religious denomination to dominate. In this context, the nation developed a religious, primarily Protestant ethos and set of values based on religion but not overtly based on any one tradition.
The term was coined by sociologist Robert Bellah in 1967. The article in which the term is coined, "Civil Religion in America," sparked one of the most controversial debates in United States sociology. Soon after the paper was published, the topic became the major focus at religious sociology conferences and numerous articles and books were written on the subject. The debate reached it peak with the American Bicentennial celebration in 1976.
The American civil religion emerged as a means to permit the creation of a distinct national set of values that was not tied to a specific confession. It permitted religion to play a fundamental role in shaping the moral vision of the country but in a way that removed theological concerns from the public arena.
The United States was settled in part by religious dissenters from the established Church of England, who desired a civil society founded on a different religious vision. Consequently, there has never been a state church in the United States and individual state churches have not existed in the United States since the early nineteenth century. Religious denominations compete with one another for allegiance in the public square. These facts have created a public discourse which accepts regular displays of religious piety by political leaders but in a vocabulary which captures the common values embraced by diverse religious traditions but eschews the particular theological tenets. Unlike countries with established state churches, where the specific religious basis of political discourse is held in common and therefore taken for granted, American civil society developed a way of discussing the intersection of religious and political values in non-theological terms.
Three periods of crisis
In the book The Broken Covenant Bellah argued that America has experienced three periods when a large number of Americans were cynical about the American creed:
Once in each of the last three centuries America has faced a time of trial, a time of testing so severe that … the existence of our nation has been called in question … the spiritual glue that had bound the nation together in previous years had simply collapsed.
Creation of the term
Bellah's ideas about civil religion were not novel. Before Bellah wrote his paper in 1967 coining the term "American civil religion" several prominent scholars had alluded to the concept. But there was no common conceptual term to describe, interpret or analyze civic religious faith in America.
Alexis de Tocqueville
The French thinker Alexis de Tocqueville has a special place in the understanding of the role of religion in American history. In addition to defining the economic factors that separated British culture from that of the Americans, Tocqueville found the role of religion in these societies to be significantly different. He found that many of the differences between the Americans and the English stemmed from diverse spiritual practices and freedoms. In Democracy of America Tocqueville stated:
Religion in American takes no direct part in the government of society, but it must be regarded as the first of their political institutions; for if it does not impart a taste for freedom, it facilitates the use of it. Indeed, it is in this same point of view that the inhabitants of the United States themselves look upon religious belief. I do not know whether all Americans have a sincere faith in their religion for who can search the human heart?—but I am certain that they hold it to be indispensable to the maintenance of republican institutions. This opinion is not peculiar to a class of citizens or to a party, but it belongs to the whole nation and to every rank of society.
Throughout his career, Tocqueville promoted the importance of religious freedom and education without religious influence. The importance he placed on educational innovation led to his strong defense of religious freedom:
They all attributed the peaceful dominion of religion in their country mainly to the separation of church and state. I do not hesitate to affirm that during my stay in America I did not meet a single individual, of the clergy or the laity, who was not of the same opinion on this point.
He viewed religious independence as not a threat to society, but as an inspiration for further social freedoms, and believed the basic freedoms of education, religion, and the press to ultimately foster the spirit of freedom worldwide.
Yet Tocqueville believed religion to be essential to human success, particularly in democracies:
Despotism may govern without faith, but liberty cannot. Religion is much more necessary in the republic … than in the monarchy … it is more needed in democratic republics than in any others. How is it possible that society should escape destruction if the moral tie is not strengthened in proportion as the political tie is relaxed? And what can be done with a people who are their own masters if they are not submissive to the Deity?
Tocqueville saw in America the realization of the idea that inspired him.
Scholarly progenitors of this idea include John Dewey who spoke of "common faith" (1934); Robin Williams's American Society: A Sociological Interpretation, (1951) which stated there was a "common religion" in America; Lloyd Warner's analysis of the Memorial Day celebrations in "Yankee City" (1953 ); Martin Marty's "religion in general" (1959); Will Herberg who spoke of "the American Way of Life" (1960, 1974); Sidney Mead's "religion of the Republic" (1963); and G. K. Chesterton advanced the thesis that the United States was "the only nation … founded on a creed" and also coined the phrase "a nation with a soul of a church."
In the same period, several distinguished historians such as Yehoshua Arieli, Daniel Boorstin, and Ralph Gabriel "assessed the religious dimension of 'nationalism', the 'American creed', 'cultural religion' and the 'democratic faith'".
Today, according to social scientist Rondald Wimberley and William Swatos, there seems to be a firm consensus among social scientists that there is a part of Americanism that is especially religious in nature, which may be termed "civil religion." But this religious nature is less significant than the "transcendent universal religion of the nation" which late eighteenth century French intellectuals such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Alexis de Tocqueville wrote about.
Robert Bellah and colleagues
Bellah and fellow scholar Martin E. Marty studied civil religion as a cultural phenomenon, attempting to identify the actual tenets of civil religion in the United States of America, or to study civil religion as a phenomenon of cultural anthropology. Marty wrote that Americans approved of "religion in general" without being particularly concerned about the content of that faith, and attempted to distinguish "priestly" and "prophetic" roles within the practice of American civil religion, which he preferred to call the "public theology." Bellah wrote that civil religion was "an institutionalized collection of sacred beliefs about the American nation." He identified the American Revolution, the Civil War, and the Civil Rights Movement as three decisive historical events that impacted the content and imagery of civil religion in the United States. He also identified several modalities within U.S. civil religion related to the biblical categories of the priesthood, prophets, and wisdom tradition.
Empirical evidence supporting Bellah
Ronald Wimberley (1976) and other researchers collected large surveys and factor analytic studies which gave empirical support to Bellah's argument that civil religion is a distinct cultural phenomena within American society which is not embodied in American politics or denominational religion.
Examples of civil religious beliefs are reflected in statements used in the research such as the following:
- "America is God's chosen nation today."
- "A president's authority...is from God."
- "Social justice cannot only be based on laws; it must also come from religion."
- "God can be known through the experiences of the American people."
- "Holidays like the Fourth of July are religious as well as patriotic."
Later research sought to determine who embraces views that could be characterized as part of the American civil religion. In a 1978 study by James Christenson and Ronald Wimberley, the researchers found that a wide cross section of American citizens have such beliefs. In general though, college graduates and political or religious liberals appear to be somewhat less likely to embrace civil religion. Protestants and Catholics have the same level of civil religiosity. Religions that were created in the United States, the Mormons, Adventists, and Pentecostals, have the highest civil religiosity. Jews, Unitarians and those with no religious preference have the lowest civil religion. Even though there is variation in the scores, the "great majority" of Americans are found to share the types of civil religious beliefs which Bellah identified.
Further research found that civil religion plays a role in people's preferences for political candidates and policy positions. In 1980 Ronald Wimberley found that civil religious beliefs were more important than loyalties to a political party in predicting support for Nixon over McGovern with a sample of Sunday morning church goers who were surveyed near the election date and a general group of residents in the same community. In 1982 James Christenson and Ronald Wimberley found that civil religion was second only to occupation in predicting a person's political views.
While some have argued that Christianity is the national faith …few have realized that there actually exists alongside … the churches an elaborate and well-institutionalized civil religion in America -Robert Bellah
Civil religion is neither bona fide religion nor ordinary patriotism, but a new alloy formed by blending religion with nationalism. If civil religions were bona fide religions then one would expect to find a soft side to them, teaching love of neighbor and upholding peace and compassion. But this is not the case. -Stjepan Mestrovic
All links Retrieved July 7, 2008.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Robert Neelly Bellah, "Civil Religion in America" Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 96 (1) (Winter 1967): 1–21 From the issue entitled "Religion in America".
- ↑ Dana Evan Kaplan. The Cambridge Companion to American Judaism.(Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 0521822041), 118.
- ↑ Stjepan Meštrović. The Road from Paradise. (University Press of Kentucky, 1993 ISBN 0813118271), 129
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Marcela Cristi. From Civil to Political Religion: The Intersection of Culture, Religion and Politics. (University Press, 2001 ISBN 0889203687)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 William H. Swatos. Encyclopedia of Religion and Society. (Rowman Altamira, 1998. ISBN 0761989560), 94. "The article caused an almost unprecedented burst of excitement among sociologists and other scholars of religion."
- ↑ Richard T. Hughes. Myths America Lives By. (University of Illinois Press, 2004. ISBN 0252072200), 3
- ↑ Robert Neelly. The Broken Covenant: American Civil Religion in Time of Trial. (University of Chicago Press, 1992), 1
- ↑ French Ministry of Culture, Alexis de Tocqueville. General Council for La Manche. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
- ↑ Gerald A. Parsons, "From nationalism to internationalism: civil religion and the festival of Saint Catherine of Siena, 1940-2003." Journal of Church and State (September 22, 2004)
- ↑ Stjepan Gabriel Meštrović. The Road from Paradise: Prospects for Democracy in Eastern Europe. (University Press of Kentucky, 1993. ISBN 0813118271), 125, 130
American civil religion
- Bellah, Robert Neelly, "Civil Religion in America." Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 96 (1) (Winter 1967): 1–21. From the issue entitled Religion in America.
- Bellah, Robert Neelly. The Broken Covenant: American Civil Religion in Time of Trial. University of Chicago Press, 1985. ISBN 0226041999
- Canipe, Lee, "Under God and anti-communist: how the Pledge of Allegiance got religion in Cold-War America." Journal of Church and State (March 22, 2002 .}
- Cloud, Matthew W., "One nation, under God": tolerable acknowledgment of religion or unconstitutional cold war propaganda cloaked in American civil religion?" Journal of Church and State 46 (2)(March 22, 2004): 311 ISSN 0021-969X .
- Edwords, Frederick, "The religious character of American patriotism." The Humanist (November/December 1987): 20–24, 36
- Gehrig, Gail. American Civil Religion: An Assessment. Society for Scientific Study, 1981. ISBN 0932566022
- Hughes, Richard T. Myths America Lives By. University of Illinois Press, 2004. ISBN 0252072200
- Jewett, Robert, and John Shelton Lawrence. Captain America And The Crusade Against Evil: The Dilemma of Zealous Nationalism. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, ISBN 0802828590, specifically talks about American civil religion, referencing Jones's book, American Civil Religion. 328.
- Jones, Donald G. and Russell E. Richey. American Civil Religion. Mellen University Press, 1990 (Original published in 1974 by Harper). ISBN 0773499970
- Mathisen, James A. "Twenty Years After Bellah: Whatever Happened to American Civil Religion?"
Sociological Analysis 50 (2) (1989):29–46
- Levinson, Sanford, 1979 "The Constitution" in American Civil Religion." The Supreme Court Review (1979): 123–151.
- Luckmann, Thomas. The Invisible Religion. 1967 Published the same year as Bellah's article.
- Neelly, Robert. The Broken Covenant: American Civil Religion in Time of Trial, second ed. University of Chicago Press, 1992. ISBN 0226041999
- Swatos, William H., Encyclopedia of Religion and Society. AltaMira Press, 1998, ISBN 0761989560, 95. Civil Religion entry
- Further information: American exceptionalism
- Churchill, Ward. "The Ghosts of 9-1-1: Reflections on History, Justice and Roosting Chickens."
(Spring 2005)
- Lipset, Seymour Martin. American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997. ISBN 0393316149
- Book reviews of: Seymour Martin Lipset's American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword Part 1, The Washington Post, The Weekly Standard,', Foreign Affairs,', The Guardian, New Statesman & Society, etc. . accessdate 2008-07-07.
- Zinn, Howard. "The Power and the Glory Myths of American exceptionalism." bostonreview.net accessdate 2006-07-16
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Our Firemen, The History of the NY Fire Departments
Chapter 7, Part IV
By Holice and Debbie
The city in 1832 embraced a population of one hundred and eighty thousand souls, a collection of about thirty thousand houses, a tonnage of three hundred thousand four hundred tons, exclusive of ten thousand five hundred tons of steamboats, and an assessed value of property, including thirty-seven millions of personal estate, of one hundred and fourteen millions of dollars. Her lighted and paved streets, lined with houses, extended to Thirteenth Street on the North river, to the dry docks on the East riverside, and to Thirteenth Street on "Broadway and Bowery Streets." All the modern streets were straight and wide, graduated to easy ascents and descents; and where formerly very narrow lanes existed, or crowded edifices occurred, they had either cut off the encroaching fronts of houses, as in William Street and Maiden Lane, or cut through solid masses of houses, as in opening Beekman and Fulton Streets. The bounds of the city had been widened both on the North and East River by building up whole streets of houses at and beyond Greenwich Street on the western side, and at and from Pearl Street on the eastern side.
The proviso in the law forming a hydrant company approved July 16, 1831, was repealed in May, 1832, and thenceforth is was ordained that no individual could be eligible for appointment as hydrant man unless he had served as a fireman for at least three years.
Although quasi officers of the municipality, it was charged that certain firemen frequently exhibited much indifference to the injunctions of the authorities as might be looked for only from the lawless class. Hence, in July, 1832, it became necessary to promulgate a law ordaining that any firemen found guilty of an offense against the ordinances of the Common Council, and having thereby resigned or been expelled, should not be eligible to an appointment to any office or trust, in any company, nor reappointed a firemen in any case.
Also, it was not uncommon for the foreman or engineer of an engine company to hire out the engine, and to lent it, on his own responsibly, which was subversive to all semblance of discipline, and impaired the efficiency of the particular company. Consequently, a provision was incorporated in the law of July, 1832, that no fire engine should be let out for hire, or lent, in any case, without permission from the alderman or assistant alderman of the ward wherein it was wanted to be used, and the chief engineer, in default thereof, and the fireman so offending, would be removed from the fire Department.
During the prevalence of the epidemic of cholera in 1832 the working force of the Department as much weakened by reason of sickness and death. Very often not enough men, nor even supernumeraries, boys and youths who loved to linger in the shadow of the engine house and be permitted to mingle with the hardy fire fighters, could be mustered to dray the engine to the scene of the conflagration. Horses had to be brought into requisition, as is attested by the fact that in November, 1832, the comptroller was authorized to pay the bill of James Gulick for eight hundred and sixty-three dollars and seventy-five cents, for horses "to drag the engines and hook and ladder trucks to the fires during the late epidemic."
The custom was in those days, upon the outbreak of fire, to ring the church bells we well as the fire bells, and when the fire happened during the night, the watchman in his tower should ring the alarm, and hang out of the window of the cupola a pole with a lantern on the end pointing in the direction of the fire, so that that firemen and citizens could readily know the whereabouts of the fire. Further, the watchmen (the police) were obliged to call out the street or between what streets the fire was located. The laws of the municipality regarding these observances were inflexible, delinquency on the part of the bellringers or the watchmen being visited with severe penalties.
The cost of supporting the Fire Department by the city varied considerably. In 1830 it amounted to twenty-two thousand nine hundred and sixty-two dollars. The actual number of fires that happened in that year were one hundred and nineteen; false alarms, one hundred and twenty-five; and the loss of property, one hundred and fifty-seven thousand one hundred and thirty-five dollars. In 1831 the expenses of the Department amounted to twelve thousand nine hundred and eighty-four dollars.
Careful calculations showed that although it cost in 1832 only eighteen thousand dollars to maintain the Fire Department, the individual firemen were taxed in their services two hundred and eighty-four thousand five hundred dollars annually. It is true their labors were rendered voluntarily, and they had an equivalent, but it did not render it less imperative on the city authorities, as the common guardians of this great community, to diminish the labors and personal exposures and risks of that meritorious, skillful and patriotic class of citizens.
The melancholy tidings of the death of the illustrious La Fayette, the friend and companion of Washington, the adopted son of America, the brave and faithful defender of liberty in both hemispheres, reached New York on June 19, 1834, just one month after his demise in Paris. Suitable honors were of course to be paid to the memory of this splendid character by the municipal authorities, and, in these days, no civic parade would be complete without the participation and presence of the members of the Fire Department in the usual and formal manner, a meeting was called whereat the following preamble and resolution were adopted, and programme for the parade agreed to:--
Whereas, We have learned of the death of General la Fayette, the tried patriot, the firm and devoted friend of America and her free institutions; he, who forsook the blandishments and east of a luxurious court, who gave his fortune and risked his life for the independence of our happy Republic, therefore, Resolved, That we, the firemen of the city of New York, will unite with our fellow-citizens on Thursday, the twenty-sixth instant, paying such tribute of respect as the eminent virtues and patriotic services of one of America's dearest sons demand of a grateful and affectionate people. The exempt firemen also attended in a body.
The Department assembled at Hospital Green, and the line was formed under the direction of the Grand Marshal, James Gulick, assisted by his aids, in the following order:
First, Fire Department Banner.
After the ceremonies, the procession reorganized and proceeded up Greenwich Street to Canal, through Canal to Broadway, up Broadway to Grand Street, through Grand Street to East Broadway, down East Broadway to Chatham Square.
The alleged improper and riotous conduct of the members of several companies of the Department, and the congregating of idle and dissolute persons in the engine houses, had been for several months the subject of complaint from residents in the vicinity of the engine houses. Boys and young men, too, obtained very ready access to the engines, and made it a matter of amusement to raise an alarm of fire as an excuse or cover to get the engines out and have a run. Evidently the engine companies could prevent these scenes. But in care of fire the companies desired some assistance from these boys and young men, which induced them to countenance the assemblages. The Common Council investigated the complaints, and in October, 1834, reported that the members of some of the companies could not be depended upon to prevent the engine houses being entered and frequented by persons other than those belonging to the Fire Department, and suggested the enactment of a law providing a remedy.
That a prompt alarm of fire might be given, a watchman was stationed at all times in the cupola of the City Hall. The law so providing was approved by the mayor, April 1, 1835. The chief engineer, by and with the consent of the mayor, was empowered to appoint a competent number of persons to perform the duty of such watchmen, day and night, subject severally to removal by the chief engineer. These bellringers, nevertheless, were amenable at all times during the might to the rules and regulations of the Watch Department. On the occurrence of any fire, the City Hall bell should be rung by the watchman on duty in the cupola, and the ringing thereof maintained during the continuance of the fire. Notice of the locality of the fire was given by ringing said bell in a manner prescribed by directions given by the committee on fire and water and the chief engineer, and by hanging out a light in the direction of the fire. For neglect of any of the duties required by this law, the penalty imposed was removal from office by the chief engineer or captains of the watch.
Upon the happening of any fire, the several watchhouses and market bells were rung, and also all other alarm bells, and the same was done whenever any one alarm bell should ring, and the ringing thereof continued until the city bell was stopped.
It will be seen from these facts that the Fire Department kept pace with the growth of the city. The people were quick to recognize the importance of keeping up, both in numbers and efficiency, a body of men so necessary to the welfare of the growing metropolis. Year by year, nay, almost month by month, additions to the Department were made, and alterations effected to improve it. The enactment of the new building laws was a great help to the firemen, and its enforcement gave them a great advantage over their natural enemy--an advantage which prior to this they did not possess.
It will also be noted how eager the firemen were to maintain and esprit de corps. Before the period we are just concluding efforts had been made to diminish the number of the hangers-on of the Department. As the city grew these parasites increased, and the difficulty was all the greater to keep them off. We have shown how persistently and honorably the firemen endeavored to abate this nuisance. They could not wholly dispense with the services of outsiders, but those whom they did employ they took care should be of the best quality attainable.
It was only natural in the period we have just discussed that the Department should complain of the insufficiency of water. That was not a matter that could be attended to until science had a greater play than she experienced in those days. Indeed up to the present there has been a constant cry that New York has not all the water she needs. In the past as in the present the firemen did the very best they could to utilize what was at their disposal for the benefit of the city.
Transcribed by Holice B. Young
HTML by Debbie
You are the [an error occurred while processing this directive] Visitor to this USGenNet Safe-Site� Since March 9, 2001.
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a. Synoptic history
An extratropical low pressure system formed just east of the Turks and
Caicos Islands near 0000 UTC 25 October in response to an upper level
cyclone interacting with a frontal system. The low initially moved
northwestward, and in combination with a strong surface high to the north
developed into a gale center six hours later. By 1800 UTC that day it had
developed sufficient organized convection to be classified using the
Herbert-Poteat subtropical cyclone classification system, and the best track
of the subtropical storm begins at this time
(Table 1 and Figure 1).
Upon becoming a subtropical storm, the cyclone turned northward. This
motion continued for 24 h while the system slowly intensified. The storm
jogged north-northwestward late on 26 October, followed by a
north-northeastward turn and acceleration on the 27th. During
this time, satellite imagery indicated intermittent bursts of central
convection while Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter aircraft indicated a
large (75-100 n mi) radius of maximum winds. This evolution was in contrast
to that of Hurricane Michael a week-and-a-half before. Although of similar
origin to the subtropical storm, Michael developed persistent central
convection and completed a transition to a warm-core hurricane.
After reaching a 50 kt intensity early on 27 October, little change in
strength occurred during the next 24 h. The storm turned northeastward and
accelerated further on the 28th in response to a large and cold
upper-level cyclone moving southward over southeastern Canada. A last burst
of organized convection late on the 28th allowed the storm to reach
a peak intensity of 55 kt. A strong cold front moving southward off the New
England coast then intruded into the system, and the storm became
extratropical near Sable Island, Nova Scotia, around 0600 UTC 29 October.
The extratropical center weakened rapidly and lost its identity near eastern
Nova Scotia later that day. It should be noted that the large cyclonic
circulation that absorbed the subtropical storm was responsible for heavy
early-season snowfalls over portions of the New England states and
b. Meteorological statistics
Table 1 shows the best track positions and intensities
for the subtropical storm, with the track plotted in
Figure 1. Figure 2
and Figure 3 depict the curves of minimum central
sea-level pressure and maximum sustained one-minute average "surface" (10 m
above ground level) winds, respectively, as a function of time. These
figures also contain the data on which the curves are based: satellite-based
Hebert-Poteat and experimental extratropical transition intensity (Miller
and Lander, 1997) estimates from the Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch
(TAFB), the Satellite Analysis Branch (SAB) of the National Environmental
Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS), and the Air Force Weather
Agency (AFWA), as well as data from aircraft, ships, buoys and land stations.
The Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunters flew two mission into the storm with
a total of four center fixes. Central pressures on both flights were in the
997-1000 mb range, and the maximum flight level (1500 ft) winds were 60 kt
on the first flight and 61 kt on the second. A weak temperature gradient
was observed in the system on the first flight, suggesting that the cyclone
still had some baroclinic characteristics. The second flight showed a
uniform airmass within 100 n mi the center with temperatures of about
The storm had a large envelope, and many ships reported 34 kt or higher
winds. Table 2 summaries these observations.
There were few observations near the central core. Canadian buoy 44137
reported winds 160/39 kt with a pressure of 979.1 mb at 0200 UTC 29 October,
which is the basis for the lowest pressure. Other reports from this buoy
indicate that the winds increased in the last hour before the center passed,
suggesting that some kind of inner wind maximum was present even as the
storm was becoming extratropical. Earlier, a drifting buoy about 35 n mi
southeast of the center reported a pressure of 996.6 mb at 2051 UTC 27
October, which showed that the storm had begun to deepen.
Sable Island, Nova Scotia, reported a pressure of 980.6 mb as the center
passed over at 0600 UTC on the 29th. Maximum sustained winds were
35 kt after the center passage at 0700 and 0800 UTC. Several other stations
in eastern Nova Scotia and southwestern Newfoundland reported sustained
35-50 kt winds around 1200 UTC on the 29th.
The maximum intensity of this system is uncertain. Satellite intensity
estimates late on the 28th and early on the 29th along
with a 35-40 kt forward motion indicate the possibility of 65-75 kt
sustained winds. However, this is not supported by surface observations
near the center early on the 29th. The maximum intensity is
estimated to have been 55 kt.
c. Casualty and damage statistics
No reports of casualties or damage have been received at the National
Hurricane Center (NHC).
d. Forecast and warning critique
No advisories were written on this storm, as a decision was made
operationally to handle it in marine forecasts as an extratropical storm.
Post-analysis of satellite imagery and of 27 October aircraft data are the
basis for classifying the system now as subtropical. Due to the operational
handling, there are no formal NHC forecasts to verify. Large-scale
numerical models generally performed well in forecasting the genesis and
motion of this cyclone. The models did mostly underestimate the
intensification that occurred north of the Gulf Stream. However, this
strengthening was fairly well forecast by the GFDL model.
No tropical cyclone watches or warnings were issued for this storm. Marine
gale and storm warnings were issued in high seas and offshore forecasts from
Marine Prediction Center and the TAFB of the TPC. Gale warnings were also
issued for portions of the North Carolina coastal waters by local National
Weather Service offices.
Miller, D. W and M. A. Lander, 1997: Intensity estimation of tropical
cyclones during extratropical transition. JTWC/SATOPSTN-97/002, Joint
Typhoon Warning Center/Satellite Operations, Nimitz Hill, Guam, 9 pp.
Best track, Subtropical Storm, 25-29 October 2000.
|Lat. (°N)||Lon. (°W)
|25 / 0000||21.5|| 69.5||1009|| 30|| extratropical low|
|25 / 0600||22.5|| 70.0||1007|| 35||extratropical gale|
|25 / 1200||23.5|| 70.9||1006|| 35||"|
|25 / 1800||24.5|| 71.7||1005|| 35||subtropical storm|
|26 / 0000||25.7|| 71.7||1004|| 35||"|
|26 / 0600||26.6|| 71.7|| 1003|| 35||"|
|26 / 1200||27.4|| 71.8|| 1002|| 40||"|
|26 / 1800||28.3|| 72.1|| 1000|| 45||"|
|27 / 0000||29.2|| 72.5|| 997|| 50||"|
|27 / 0600||30.0|| 72.6|| 997||50||"|
|27 / 1200||30.9|| 72.5|| 997||50||"|
|27 / 1800||32.6|| 71.6|| 996||50||"|
|28 / 0000||34.2|| 70.7|| 994||50||"|
|28 / 0600||35.7|| 69.9|| 992||50||"|
|28 / 1200||36.5|| 68.1|| 990|| 50||"|
|28 / 1800||38.0|| 65.5|| 984|| 55||"|
|29 / 0000||40.5|| 62.6|| 978|| 55||"|
|29 / 0600||44.0|| 60.0|| 980|| 50||extratropical|
|29 / 1200||46.0|| 59.5|| 992|| 45||"|
|29 / 1800|| ||absorbed into larger extratropical low|
|29 / 0200||41.7||61.6||976||55||minimum pressure|
Selected ship and buoy observations of subtropical storm or greater winds
associated with the subtropical storm, 25-29 October 2000.
|Dock Express 20||25/1200||27.0||68.9||050/45||1009.0|
|Splendour of the Seas||25/1800||28.6||65.2||070/40||1015.0|
a 8 minute average wind
b 10 minute average wind
Best track for the subtropical storm, 25-29 October 2000.
Best track minimum central pressure curve for the subtropical storm, 25-29
Best track maximum sustained 1-minute 10 meter wind speed curve for the
subtropical storm, 25-29 October 2000. Vertical black bars denote wind
ranges in subtropical and extratropical satellite intensity estimates. | <urn:uuid:d64fb991-6106-4d55-b5c7-2cf381540ae9> | 2013-05-24T01:36:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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No. 32: Darrell Gwynn
Over the course of his 10-year career, from May 1980 to April 1990, only two racers won more NHRA national events than Darrell Gwynn: Bob Glidden and Kenny Bernstein.
Gwynn was at the height of his career, just a month removed from his last win, when he crashed at England's Santa Pod Raceway on April 15, 1990, changing his life forever. He'd never touched a guardrail until his Top Fuel dragster chassis, apparently weakened on its trip across the Atlantic Ocean, snapped behind the roll cage, and the rear of the car drove his half of it into the guardrail.
Gwynn was paralyzed and lost part of his left arm. At 28, he was already a 28-time national event champion.
In a story that captivated fans, Gwynn won the fight for his life and courageously returned to drag racing four and a half months later, at the U.S. Nationals, where 10 years earlier he had reached his first final and where one year earlier he had claimed his greatest victory. While he was battling back from his injuries, first in England and then at home in Miami, drag racing driving instructor Frank Hawley was named his replacement in the Coors Extra Gold dragster.
Hawley was runner-up on the weekend of Gwynn's triumphant return to the sport. Exactly 10 years earlier, after making a single test pass at Ohio's Dragway 42 days before qualifying opened for the 1980 U.S. Nationals, Gwynn also was an Indy runner-up, to Billy Williams in Pro Comp. He was 18.
By the middle of the following season, Gwynn, son of 1969 Super Eliminator national champion Jerry Gwynn, won his first major title, Alcohol Dragster at the Sportsnationals. He scored again weeks later, at the 1981 Summernationals, defeating future Top Fuel rival Joe Amato in the final, and again that October, making his quickest run, 6.41, in the final round of the inaugural Golden Gate Nationals.
In 1982, Gwynn, already known as "the Kid," won two more national events, and in 1983, another two, including the U.S. Nationals. He also outscored future three-time national champion Bill Walsh for the 1983 championship.
Following a three-win campaign in 1984, Gwynn left Alcohol Dragster for Top Fuel, and in just half a season reached his first final. Driving for his family's unsponsored team, he was Top Fuel runner-up at the 1985 Summernationals and U.S. Nationals, both times to "Big Daddy" Don Garlits, who nicknamed him "the Wolf."
Gwynn began the four-year run that forever established his place in racing by dominating the 1986 Winternationals with the first all-5.4 performance. He scored four times that year and was runner-up three times, twice to 54-year-old "Big Daddy." Gwynn became drag racing's quickest driver with a 5.34 in U.S. Nationals qualifying, but Garlits edged him in the final, 5.39 to 5.44. "Big" won all four of their final-round encounters and is remembered for his mastery of his young rival, but it was Gwynn who had the better head-to-head record, 6-5.
Racing for his first major sponsor, Budweiser, in 1987, Gwynn won four events, including the Chief Nationals, where he made the quickest run in drag racing history, 5.08. In 1988, he reached seven finals and won six, including three in a row, but didn't win the championship because he was upset in the first round of back-to-back races to open the season.
In 1989, after finishing second, third, and second in the Winston standings from 1986 to 1988, Gwynn finished fourth but was far closer to first-place Gary Ormsby than to the driver immediately behind him in the standings, Eddie Hill. For what to that point was his biggest win, Gwynn, a lifelong Florida resident, defeated Hill in the final round of the Gatornationals, thrilling Florida fans.
At the U.S. Nationals, where he had been disappointed in the final in 1985 and 1986, Gwynn enjoyed his finest hour, qualifying No. 1 with a 4.98, his first four-second pass, and backing it up for a national record with a 4.99 in Monday's eliminations. He defeated a broken Dick LaHaie in the final for his 26th and biggest win.
Gwynn lowered the record to 4.95 at the following race, the Keystone Nationals, which he also won. He ran a 4.94 and was runner-up two races later in Dallas, then set low e.t. at 1989's remaining races, the Fallnationals, where he was runner-up, and the Winston Finals.
Before the disastrous accident that ended his driving days on Easter Sunday in 1990, Gwynn made the quickest run in drag racing history that March, a 4.90, at the Supernationals in Houston. Weeks later, in what would be the final national event of his career, he won the Gatornationals over Hill for the second year in a row.
Gwynn has been a Top Fuel team owner since mid-1990 and has presided over 14 victories by drivers Hawley (two in 1990), Michael Brotherton (one in 1992), and Mike Dunn (11 from 1993 to 2001). Gwynn's team made the quickest run in the sport's history (4.50) en route to Dunn's 1999 Winternationals victory and the fastest (331.61 mph) in Dunn's win earlier this season in Houston.
All told, Gwynn who will turn 40 in September, owns 42 victories as a driver and team owner. He won exactly two-thirds of them himself - 10 in an Alcohol Dragster from 1981 to 1984 and 18 in a Top Fueler from 1986 to 1990. - Todd Veney | <urn:uuid:7a41e210-c915-4b47-b788-719c3ade6b8c> | 2013-05-24T01:45:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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explicit permission to allow this.
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loaded sound cannot be accessed by a file in a different domain unless you
implement a URL policy file. Sound-related APIs that fall under this
restriction are the
Sound.id3 property and the
However, in Adobe AIR, content in the
sandbox(content installed with the AIR application) are not restricted by
these security limitations.
For more information related to security, see the Flash Player Developer
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Michael Hainey was 6 years old when his uncle came to his house and told him and his brother that their father was dead. Bob Hainey was just 35. He was the slot man — a high-pressure, high-profile position overnight on the Chicago Sun-Times, a newspaper that in 1970 was the quintessence of roustabout Chicago journalism. Bob Hainey had died of a heart attack on a North Side street, as one of the obits put it, "while visiting friends."
Michael Hainey became a journalist himself and is now the deputy editor of GQ. He began to wonder about some of the small differences in the obituaries between newspapers and about some of the obliqueness in the accounts of his father's death that he grew up hearing from his uncle and mother.
So he set out to find out the story himself. He recounts his discoveries in his book, After Visiting Friends: A Son's Story. Hainey joins Weekend Edition Saturday host Scott Simon to talk about coming to terms with the truth about his father.
On wrestling with the unknown
"I think when I first discovered those obituaries I was in high school, you know, 17 years old, working on a term paper. And I was in the public library in town and I thought, 'I've never seen these obits,' and I went looking for them. And there those phrases were, but at the time I was too afraid to discuss anything with my mother. But they were like that thing that's way down in the basement that you hear rattling, and you hear it at night when you're in bed, and you just keep trying to push it down and not think about it, but it just keeps rattling around and you've got to go down and look at it."
On beginning to question the phrase "after visiting friends"
"The question to me was, 'How come, at the funeral, I never met any of these friends?' None of these friends ever came forward and said, 'I was with your father that night he died, and it was a terrible thing. But I want you to know he didn't suffer,' or 'He thought of you.' No one ever came forward, and I thought, 'Things just don't add up,' and you start to wonder, why don't they add up?"
On depicting the golden age of Chicago journalism
"I really wanted to sort of pay homage to that period. And as I say in the book, it was this wonderful moment between the front page era and the information age. One of the epigraphs in the book is from this guy named [Edward] Eulenberg, who coins the great Chicago phrase for all Chicago newspaper men, which is, 'If your mother says she loves you, check it out.'
"My father worked what was called the lobster shift. It was 6 p.m. to 2 a.m. He slept during the day, we'd have breakfast with him in the morning. ... One of [his colleagues] would take their lunch at 10 p.m. to go to a bar across the street and drink. Every newspaper had its own bar, whether it was the [Chicago] Tribune, the Sun-Times, the [Chicago] Daily News. ... They all had their dedicated bars and these guys just circulated among them."
On sharing the discovery that "visiting friends" was a euphemism for "visiting a woman"
"Once I found out what happened, I sat on that for a good one or two years. I had this great fear that if I find something out, and I tell my mother, I could lose her love, and lose my brother's love, and be cast out. And yet inside this thing I feared was a truth. And that truth, once I put it out for my mother and brother, it actually answered questions for her that were 40 years old. It brought all of us closer, and I think it brought a new life to our family."
On exposing a dead father's secret
"You know, he's been dead for more than 40 years now. ... It makes me think of a line that I wrote in my book, which is, 'Our absence is greater than our presence.' Whether you've lost a father or mother or sibling, through death or just someone's drifted out of your life, we all wonder, 'What happened to them? Why did you leave me? What became of this?' We all have our creation tale and we all have our un-creation tale, those things that undo us, that make us fall apart.
"And in some ways, my father's death was my un-creation tale. I needed to know that whole story. And it is his story. ... But as fathers and sons, and daughters and fathers, and daughters and mothers, we're all inextricably entwined. And I think this is my story as well as his story. Someone asked me, after I learned the truth about my father that night, what had happened, they said, 'How do you feel about him now?' And I said, 'You know ... here I am a man almost 50 [years old], and I see him now no longer as son to father, little boy to man. But I finally, in that moment, I saw him as man to man. Someone I could sit side by side with at the bar and have those conversations with that I never was able to." | <urn:uuid:b787ae9c-95f0-4515-b35c-7b3693d6bfe3> | 2013-05-24T02:00:02Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Courtesy of the John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Over the past four decades, Benoit Rolland has made more than 1,400 bows for violins, violas and cellos.
Over the past four decades, Benoit Rolland has made more than 1,400 bows for violins, violas and cellos. Courtesy of the John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Among the 23 recipients of the MacArthur "genius" grants this past week: an economist, a mathematician, a photographer, a neuroscientist, and a Boston-based stringed instrument bow maker.
Benoit Rolland acknowledges that the violin reigns supreme as the star of the strings, capable of fetching millions of dollars at auction. But what about the bow? "A violin with no bow is not a violin, that's clear," says Rolland.
"A lot of people, even some instrumentalists, in our younger years we believe that the violin is of paramount importance and the bow is just a tool," says Elita Kang, assistant concert master of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. "But the bow is just as important as the violin because that is our breath. That's how we draw the sound out of the instrument, so without a fine bow that's responsive and flexible and finely made, we can't express ourselves fully."
Kang says a significant number of BSO musicians use bows made by Rolland. So have some of the most famous string players of all time: Yehudi Menuhin, Stephane Grapelli, Mstislav Rostropovich. Over the past four decades, Rolland has made more than 1,400 bows for violins, violas and cellos.
"I could say the bow is extremely important for a musician because it has to convey the personality, the musicality, the feelings, the emotions of the musician through it, and it's something that has to behave like a muscle," says Rolland.
That understanding is only part of why Rolland won a MacArthur genius grant. He's revered for his knowledge of traditional bow-making skills but also for his innovations. He pioneered the first concert-grade graphite bow. And his most recent invention is an updated "frog" — the piece on the bow's end used to adjust tension.
"It's much more stable," Rolland says, "so it's easier to play, more responsive, the sound is fuller — most of the time, not all of the time. So it's an improvement I think is interesting. And this frog is adjustable on any existing stick."
Rolland's journey as a bow maker began in Paris, where his grandmother was a famous concert pianist. Rolland had perfect pitch, and when he was 9 he fell in love with the violin. He graduated from the conservatories of Paris and Versailles, and was on track to become a professional musician — but then he saw a spectacular bow.
"This bow was so beautiful, fitted with gold, 18 karats, and magnificent mother of pearl and magnificent wood. It was like a jewel," says Rolland. "So at this very moment, I understood this was what I want to do."
He went on to study the traditional French method of bow making and has been doing this ever since. Rolland says the most important variables are the musicians themselves. He interviews them, watches them perform and listens closely to their music.
Miriam Fried has three of his bows and is one of the many musicians who wrote letters to the MacArthur Foundation endorsing Rolland's nomination. She's a violinist and teacher at the New England Conservatory.
"What I'm really excited about is the fact that Benoît Rolland just was one of the recipients of the MacArthur grant, which I think is fabulous," says Fried.
His years of bow making have stiffened his fingers, so it's difficult for him to play nowadays. But Rolland says he still gets pleasure watching and listening to other musicians using his bows. "Because I see this person playing so intimate things — the music — with something I brought in his hands, so it's marvelous," says Rolland.
And he says the MacArthur stipend of $500,000 will enable him not only to improve his centuries-old art, but also to pursue even more innovations.
Note: NPR is among the organizations that the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation supports. | <urn:uuid:8ee70f51-a35c-4bef-9d5c-b7502f76e4cd> | 2013-05-24T01:44:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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MICHELE NORRIS, host:
From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Michele Norris.
MELISSA BLOCK, host:
And I'm Melissa Block. Osama bin Laden has broken his more than year-long silence. The Arab satellite television network Al-Jazeera has broadcast an audio tape of a new message from the al Qaeda leader. The CIA has authenticated the tape.
And, as NPR's National Security Correspondent Jackie Northam reports, the recording is raising speculation about the reasons for the new statement, and the timing.
JACKIE NORTHAM reporting:
The quality of the ten-minute audiotape is poor, but above the hiss and the rumble, you can hear the haunting voice of Osama bin Laden.
(Soundbite of Osama bin Laden speaking in foreign language)
NORTHAM: On the tape, bin Laden says he is directing his message to the American people, and he warns them that they are being misled by the Bush administration. Bin Laden goes on to say the reason there hasn't been another large attack on U.S. soil since 9/11 is not because of increased security measures here, but because al Qaeda has been preparing for another attack, one that could come soon. The Department of Homeland Security says there are no immediate plans to raise the national terror alert.
Despite his threat to attack America, bin Laden also offered the U.S. a conditional truce to help build Iraq and Afghanistan. He didn't say what the conditions were. White House spokesman Scott McClellan dismissed any notion of a truce with bin Laden.
Mr. SCOTT MCCLELLAN (White House Press Secretary): We do not negotiate with terrorists. We put them out of business. The terrorists started this war, and the president made it clear that we will end it at a time and place of our choosing.
NORTHAM: Al-Jazeera would not say when or where the tape was received. Counterterrorism officials say that normally the tape would go through a series of couriers before it reaches a broadcaster. There's much speculation as to when the tape was made. Al-Jazeera said the tape was dated in the Muslim month that corresponds to December.
There are other time markers. Bin Laden talks about a slump in the polls for President Bush, something that's been going on now for several months. And he makes indirect references to bombings in Europe, such as the July attacks on London's transit system. But bin Laden doesn't make any mention of last week's U.S. air strike, purportedly against senior al Qaeda officials, in a remote area of northwestern Pakistan.
The timing of the audiotape's release is also interesting, says Daniel Byman of Georgetown University.
Associate Professor DANIEL L. BYMAN (Georgetown University): One possible reason for now is that the Iraq cause has come to dominate the international jihadist movement and that he is trying to assert some direction over this and also assert some identity with it, so people who want to join the jihadist movement will be thinking of him rather than thinking of possible rival leaders.
NORTHAM: Byman says one of the main potential rivals is Abumusab al-Zarkowi, the leader of the al Qaeda operations in Iraq. He says Zarkowi's view of jihad is pitting Shiite Muslims against Sunnis, whereas bin Laden sees it as a fight against the United States and its allies. Byman says that could be another reason to release a tape right now.
Professor BYMAN: It's also a way of showing continued defiance to the United States. One way terrorists win is simply by surviving in the face of consistent pressure, and bin Laden's survival despite years of a U.S. manhunt is a form of victory for the terrorist organization.
NORTHAM: But al Qaeda has been severely disrupted since the 9/11 attacks. Many senior officials have been arrested or killed. White House officials say that bin Laden and other al Qaeda leaders are clearly on the run, and that they will be pursued until they're caught. Counterterrorism officials say today's audiotape offers few, if any, clues as to where to find them.
Jackie Northam, NPR News, Washington. | <urn:uuid:cf4ac779-df22-49dd-8951-33af9c1bbaf6> | 2013-05-24T01:51:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Using climatic trends for sustainable agriculture
This activity provides opportunities for students to:
- consider the value of weather and climate information to inform management practices
- propose management strategies for resources based on these predictions
- use the Internet as a source of up-to-date information
- predict trends in climatic conditions as a result of El Niño or La Niña events.
Earth and Beyond
6.3 Students argue a position regarding stewardship of the earth and beyond, and consider the implications of using renewable and non-renewable resources.
- information on the Long Paddock website
- ‘Australia's Variable Rainfall Poster' relative to historical records 1890-2004
The poster shows a series of colourful maps providing a record of El Niño cycles in Australia 1890-2004.
Time: 60 minutes
- Accessing resources
- Interpreting data
- Discussing thinking
Before beginning, check that students understand the meanings of these terms:
- Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)
- El Niño
- La Niña
(These terms are explained at the top of the poster; or go to ‘Help’ on the Long Paddock website).
Students access the information available on the Long Paddock web site to complete this activity (or, alternatively, the poster can be used to access most of the information required to complete the activity).
Students use this information for the following activities (described in detail in the free activity sheet, Understanding Australia’s Climate):
- Describe rainfall conditions in the area where they live, at various times during the twentieth century.
- Describe trends in the Southern Oscillation Index during the 1990s and determine climate variability and when El Niño or La Niña conditions may have occurred.
- Relate El Niño or La Niña events to local events such as drought, flood, bushfires and fluctuations in animal and plant populations.
- Relate climate variability to adaptations of local plant and animal species.
- Describe farming practices that can cater for climate variability.
At the conclusion of the activity students brainstorm the implications of El Niño and La Niña effects for pasture and crop management.
Some questions that may prompt discussion include:
- What conditions do we associate with El Niño?
- What conditions do we associate with La Niña?
- How does drought affect pasture growth and rejuvenation?
- How might periods of heavy rain affect the soil?
- What implications does this have for cropping practices (e.g. what is grown, when it is grown, when it is harvested, etc.)?
- What precautions should be taken to ensure that pastures suffer limited effects from degradation as a result of their management during drought conditions?
Students may focus on the implications of El Niño/La Niña climatic variations for one particular aspect of land management. For example:
- Numbers of livestock on grazing properties
- Control of pest plants or animals
- Reducing risk from bushfires
- Control of soil erosion
Prepare a brief report or essay about how management practices might differ during El Niño/La Niña phases, or what might be done to prepare for climate extremes.
Gathering information about student learning
Sources of information could include:
- students’ completed activity sheets
- anecdotal records of students’ contributions to the brainstorming session
- students’ presentations.
Last updated 31 August 2010 | <urn:uuid:42d94a60-5604-471e-86b5-b4015359113a> | 2013-05-24T01:51:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Mr. Sherry's Lair
"The object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives. "
Welcome to English!
The following policies apply to both courses I teach: English 11RH and Cinema.
Grading: Students will be graded in a variety of ways (quizzes, vocabulary assignments, class participation, journal entries, tests, and writing assignments.) Obviously tests and writing assignments will carry the most weight.
My grading system is straight percentage. Each assignment carries a particular value:
At the end of the quarter, the total number of points earned will be divided by the total number of points possible. For example, if there are 1000 points possible and the student has earned 890, his/her grade would be an 89% (890/1000). Students are encouraged to keep track of their own grades or they may see me from time to time.
Absences and Late Work: If a student is legally absent from class, all missed work must be turned in on the following day. In addition, it is the student's responsibility to make arrangements to make up missed work. Each day an assignment is late will incur the loss of 10 percentage points.
Extra Help: I am available every Tuesday and Thursday from 2:10-3:00 in room 209. Please use this time! | <urn:uuid:9cb1f826-9c55-4181-bee8-b72daf20b7d2> | 2013-05-24T01:50:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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NTSB Identification: ENG08WA049
Scheduled 14 CFR Non-U.S., Commercial operation of Air France
Incident occurred Saturday, March 29, 2008 in Azores, Portugal
Aircraft: BOEING 777-300ER, registration: F-GSQT
The foreign authority was the source of this information.
On March 29, 2008, an Air France 777-300ER, registration number F-GSQT, equipped with two GE90-115B turbofan engines, experienced a self recovering stall during cruise. The engine was brought back to idle power but not shutdown and the airplane diverted to the Azores where an uneventful landing was made. Full narrative available
Index for Mar2008 | Index of months | <urn:uuid:f007c7b7-f611-4a38-a44c-ab4e70d5b62a> | 2013-05-24T01:31:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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PORTLAND – A man crashed into multiple vehicles and hurt a 4-year-old girl during a police chase near Highway 26 Friday.
Just after 2 p.m., deputies were trying to stop 29-year-old Leonel Zamora Jr. at Southwest Canyon Road and Southwest Walker Road because they knew he was driving with a suspended license, said Sgt. David Thompson with the Washington County Sheriff's Office.
When deputies tried to pull Zamora over, he took off and collided with 42-year-old Dena Whitney who was driving with her 6-month-old son at Southwest 110th Avenue and Southwest Canyon Road, Thompson said.
Whitney had minor injuries and her son was not injured.
Zamora then sped off with deputies in pursuit onto Highway 217 northbound. As he was merging near Highway 26, Zamora drove over a concrete median and crashed into a car on the freeway. Behind the wheel was 31-year-old Michael Rothenfluch who was with his wife and 4-year-old daughter, Thompson said.
Rothenfluch's daughter was taken to the hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.
Zamora got out of the car and took off on foot, hopping a barrier that separates east and west lanes of Highway 26.
Deputies caught up to Zamora on nearby MAX tracks. He was arrested and booked in the Washington County Jail on charges of assault, felony hit and run, reckless driving and attempting to elude an officer. | <urn:uuid:9ff08374-e233-4948-8c0e-9bc66a70cb21> | 2013-05-24T01:37:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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29th Street Repertory Theater (New York, N.Y.)
Billy Rose Theatre Division
The 29th Street Repertory Theater ephemera consists of clippings, programs, fliers, postcards, photographs and other documents pertaining to the 29th Street Repertory Theater. The clippings include reviews of individual productions, especially Tracy Letts' play KILLER JOE. There are also feature stories about actor/director Leo Farley, a founding member of the troupe, and playwright-in-residence Bill Nave.
The 29th Street Repertory Theater was founded in 1988 by Tim Corcoran, David Mogentale, and a core group of actors and directors including Leo Farley and Paula Ewin. The company's best known productions include Tracy Letts' KILLER JOE and Bill Nave's BIBLE BURLESQUE, which featuredactor Edward Norton.
Controlled Access Terms
- Corcoran, Tim.
- Mogentale, David.
- Farley, Leo.
- Nave, Bill.
- Ewin, Paula.
- Letts, Tracy, 1965-
- Letts, Tracy, 1965- Killer Joe.
- 29th Street Repertory Theater (New York, N.Y.)
- Theater -- New York (State) -- New York. | <urn:uuid:b8c751e4-17ae-4f4c-93b3-4521e3c48c9d> | 2013-05-24T01:39:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Before recorded history, there was a race of powerful elemental beings (forefathers of the djinn, some believe) known as the Vaati. Ruled by a warrior caste called the Wind Dukes of Aaqa, their empire spanned planes and worlds – shining exemplars of perfectly ordered society and the rule of Law. Their empire lasted millennia, until a powerful entity known as the Queen of Chaos arose and gathered a mighty army dedicated to shattering the Vaati and bringing entropy and ruin to all of creation. One by one, the protectorates of the Wind Dukes fell to the spreading chaos and the Vaati were overcome with despair. Seven of the mightiest Wind Dukes, however, undertook a great quest to discover a power that could stand up to the armies of the Queen of Chaos. Called the “Wandering Dukes,” these powerful immortals (named Icosiol, Amophar, Darbos, Emoniel, Penader, Qadeej, and Uriel—these names were learned by Riddle in the Wind Warrior room, from the second mural) traveled the length and breadth of the multiverse and returned at last with an artifact known as the Rod of Law. At the Battle of Pesh (believed by Allustan to have occurred on the Material Plane, very near to Diamond Lake), the Rod was used to great effect, stemming at last the tide of the forces of chaos (sadly, a pyrrhic victory, at best – the Wind Duke Empire had already been effectively decimated). On the fields of Pesh, Qadeej struck the Queen of Chaos’ greatest general, Miska the Wolf Spider, with the Rod of Law and the resulting blast destroyed not only Miska and Qadeej, but the Rod itself, sundering it into seven fragments which vanished into the planar tides.
Many scholars believe (Allustan among them) that this was the origin of the legendary Rod of Seven Parts – an artifact whose pieces “call to each other” across the planes and work through mortals to try to eventually reunite. Some say that if the seven pieces of the Rod are ever reunited and the Rod of Law is reformed, time will end and all will finally fall into Chaos. It is believed that the Wind Dukes always buried their dead on the worlds where they fell, and historians claim (Allustan among them) that the great number of ancient, mysterious tombs that litter the Cairn Hills are likely burial sites for the greatest of the Wind Dukes who fell at the Battle. | <urn:uuid:17f7657f-8706-4e91-b12b-f21876b44e72> | 2013-05-24T02:00:51Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Well, this is a really good thread idea. Let's hope Dexter takes a little bit of his precious time and answers some of our questions!
Dexter, you once posted a journal in which you talked about a song "Pass Me By", most of us believed it'd be released on the new album (which happens to be Rise And Fall, Rage And Grace). Most of the fans are really excited about it and hope you guys release it some time. Do you guys plan to release it? May we have any hopes to listen to this song?
So, Dexter, in case you do not know, there's a campaign for The Offspring to play Lightning Rod. I know that it's not a popular song, and I also know that the band has played it twice. But have you ever considered playing this song again? Many fans are crazy to hear it live! It'd be just awesome for most of us if you played that song. | <urn:uuid:a33b096d-1f2f-4ba5-bf8e-4a5a494db40d> | 2013-05-24T01:45:42Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Requested Resource Not Found
We're sorry, but we are unable to locate the resource you have requested. There are several possible reasons for this.
- If you typed in the address for this resource, perhaps there is a typo in your URL. Please try typing the address for the resource again.
- Perhaps the resource once existed, but has been removed for some reason. If you feel that the resource should indeed still exist, please contact the department for which the resource should belong.
- Perhaps the resource you requested resides on a different server. Many departments on campus maintain their own servers. You can contact the department for which the resource should belong.
Thank you for visiting the Ohio University Website. If you would desire further assistance, please feel free to email the Web Team or call the OIT service desk at 740-593-1222. | <urn:uuid:a6864b14-68d2-4b96-a631-984a6f175677> | 2013-05-24T01:58:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Kim Kardashian Says Romance with Kanye West is Not a "Publicity Stunt": "It Just Happened"
In the second part of Oprah Winfrey's interview with the Kardashian family on her OWN show Oprah's Next Chapter, the host sits down with Kim Kardashian and talks about her new, very public relationship with boyfriend Kanye West.
So is her romance with Kanye Kim's "new fairy tale?" Pretty much!
"We met almost a decade ago, we've known each other for a very long time, we've been friends for six or seven years," Kim said of the rapper. "I don't know why it took us so long to get together. I think we've always had an attraction to each other, but we've always been in other relationships or it wasn't the right timing."
"One day, it just happened," she revealed of their romance. "It took me by surprise."
Kim is still in the process of ending her 72-day marriage to basketballer Kris Humphries, whom she wed last August in a lavish, on-air ceremony. But the reality TV princess is happier than she's ever been and admits she connects with Kanye on a really deep level.
"It's very comforting to have someone that knows everything about you, that respects you, understands, that has gone through the similar things. I can really relate to his mother passing. He can really relate to my father passing," Kim explained. "I mean, there's so many similarities in our life... I feel like I'm at a really happy and good space."
As to what she thinks about people calling her and Kanye's relationship a "showmance," Kim said those rumors are far from the truth and that she's in it for the long run.
"It's your heart you're playing with," she explained. "I couldn't sacrifice my heart for a publicity stunt."
And although she denied any talks of marriage, Kim said: "To have him in my life this way, says a lot about us." | <urn:uuid:062f8c7f-f3cf-4827-8928-2a8141c73ef9> | 2013-05-24T01:59:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The only year I refused to go to my neighbor's Easter party was the year she dropped dead during the party.
tags: guilt death neighbor brain aneurysm [add]
2010-01-14 11:09:25 / Rating: 370.25 /
This is a single story of a single sentence. If you want more, visit the archives. | <urn:uuid:68158fae-7b90-4594-8956-42336a0633f6> | 2013-05-24T01:58:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Poems & Short Stories: 4,271
Forum Members: 70,634
Forum Posts: 1,033,546
And over 2 million unique readers monthly!
On landing on the shores of England, the Queen of Scotland found messengers from Elizabeth empowered to express to her all the regret their mistress felt in being unable to admit her to her presence, or to give her the affectionate welcome she bore her in her heart. But it was essential, they added, that first of all the queen should clear herself of the death of Darnley, whose family, being subjects of the Queen of England, had a right to her protection and justice.
Mary Stuart was so blinded that she did not see the trap, and immediately offered to prove her innocence to the satisfaction of her sister Elizabeth; but scarcely had she in her hands Mary Stuart's letter, than from arbitress she became judge, and, naming commissioners to hear the parties, summoned Murray to appear and accuse his sister. Murray, who knew Elizabeth's secret intentions with regard to her rival, did not hesitate a moment. He came to England, bringing the casket containing the three letters we have quoted, some verses and some other papers which proved that the queen had not only been Bothwell's mistress during the lifetime of Darnley, but had also been aware of the assassination of her husband. On their side, Lord Herries and the Bishop of Ross, the queen's advocates, maintained that these letters had been forged, that the handwriting was counterfeited, and demanded, in verification, experts whom they could not obtain; so that this great controversy, remained pending for future ages, and to this hour nothing is yet affirmatively settled in this matter either by scholars or historians.
After a five months' inquiry, the Queen of England made known to the parties, that not having, in these proceedings, been able to discover anything to the dishonour of accuser or accused, everything would remain in statu quo till one or the other could bring forward fresh proofs.
As a result of this strange decision, Elizabeth should have sent back the regent to Scotland, and have left Mary Stuart free to go where she would. But, instead of that, she had her prisoner removed from Bolton Castle to Carlisle Castle, from whose terrace, to crown her with grief, poor Mary Stuart saw the blue mountains of her own Scotland.
However, among the judges named by Elizabeth to examine into Mary Stuart's conduct was Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. Be it that he was convinced of Mary's innocence, be it that he was urged by the ambitious project which since served as a ground for his prosecution, and which was nothing else than to wed Mary Stuart, to affiance his daughter to the young king, and to become regent of Scotland, he resolved to extricate her from her prison. Several members of the high nobility of England, among whom were the Earls of Westmoreland and Northumberland, entered into the plot and under, took to support it with all their forces. But their scheme had been communicated to the regent: he denounced it to Elizabeth, who had Norfolk arrested. Warned in time, Westmoreland and Northumberland crossed the frontiers and took refuge in the Scottish borders which were favourable to Queen Mary. The former reached Flanders, where he died in exile; the latter, given up to Murray, was sent to the castle of Lochleven, which guarded him more faithfully than it had done its royal prisoner. As to Norfolk, he was beheaded. As one sees, Mary Stuart's star had lost none of its fatal influence.
Meanwhile the regent had returned to Edinburgh, enriched with presents from Elizabeth, and having gained, in fact, his case with her, since Mary remained a prisoner. He employed himself immediately in dispersing the remainder of her adherents, and had hardly shut the gates of Lochleven Castle upon Westmoreland than, in the name of the young King James VI, he pursued those who had upheld his mother's cause, and among them more particularly the Hamiltons, who since the affair of "sweeping the streets of Edinburgh," had been the mortal enemies of the Douglases personally; six of the chief members of this family were condemned to death, and only obtained commutation of the penalty into an eternal exile on the entreaties of John Knox, at that time so powerful in Scotland that Murray dared not refuse their pardon.
One of the amnestied was a certain Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, a man of ancient Scottish times, wild and vindictive as the nobles in the time of James I. He had withdrawn into the highlands, where he had found an asylum, when he learned that Murray, who in virtue of the confiscation pronounced against exiles had given his lands to one of his favourites, had had the cruelty to expel his sick and bedridden wife from her own house, and that without giving her time to dress, and although it was in the winter cold. The poor woman, besides, without shelter, without clothes, and without food, had gone out of her mind, had wandered about thus for some time, an object of compassion but equally of dread; for everyone had been afraid of compromising himself by assisting her. At last, she had returned to expire of misery and cold on the threshold whence she had been driven.
On learning this news, Bothwellhaugh, despite the violence of his character, displayed no anger: he merely responded, with a terrible smile, "It is well; I shall avenge her."
Next day, Bothwellhaugh left his highlands, and came down, disguised, into the plain, furnished with an order of admission from the Archbishop of St. Andrews to a house which this prelate--who, as one remembers, had followed the queen's fortunes to the last moment--had at Linlithgow. This house, situated in the main street, had a wooden balcony looking on to the square, and a gate which opened out into the country. Bothwellhaugh entered it at night, installed himself on the first floor, hung black cloth on the walls so that his shadow should not be seen from without, covered the floor with mattresses so that his footsteps might not be heard on the ground floor, fastened a racehorse ready saddled and bridled in the garden, hollowed out the upper part of the little gate which led to the open country so that he could pass through it at a gallop, armed himself with a loaded arquebuse, and shut himself up in the room.
All these preparations had been made, one imagines, because Murray was to spend the following day in Linlithgow. But, secret as they were, they were to be rendered useless, for the regent's friends warned him that it would not be safe for him to pass through the town, which belonged almost wholly to the Hamiltons, and advised him to go by it. However, Murray was courageous, and, accustomed not to give way before a real danger, he did nothing but laugh at a peril which he looked upon as imaginary, and boldly followed his first plan, which was not to go out of his way. Consequently, as the street into which the Archbishop of St. Andrews' balcony looked was on his road, he entered upon it, not going rapidly and preceded by guards who would open up a passage for him, as his friends still counselled, but advancing at a foot's pace, delayed as he was by the great crowd which was blocking up the streets to see him. Arrived in front of the balcony, as if chance had been in tune with the murderer, the crush became so great that Murray was obliged to halt for a moment: this rest gave Bothwellhaugh time to adjust himself for a steady shot. He leaned his arquebuse on the balcony, and, having taken aim with the necessary leisure and coolness, fired. Bothwellhaugh had put such a charge into the arquebuse, that the ball, having passed through the regent's heart, killed the horse of a gentleman on his right. Murray fell directly, saying, "My God! I am killed."
As they had seen from which window the shot was fired, the persons in the regent's train had immediately thrown themselves against the great door of the house which looked on to the street, and had smashed it in; but they only arrived in time to see Bothwellhaugh fly through the little garden gate on the horse he had got ready: they immediately remounted the horses they had left in the street, and, passing through the house, pursued him. Bothwellhaugh had a good horse and the lead of his enemies; and yet, four of them, pistol in hand, were so well mounted that they were beginning to gain upon him. Then Bothwellhaugh; seeing that whip and spur were not enough, drew his dagger and used it to goad on his horse. His horse, under this terrible stimulus, acquired fresh vigour, and, leaping a gully eighteen feet deep, put between his master and his pursuers a barrier which they dared not cross.
The murderer sought an asylum in France, where he retired under the protection of the Guises. There, as the bold stroke he had attempted had acquired him a great reputation, some days before the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, they made him overtures to assassinate Admiral Coligny. But Bothwellhaugh indignantly repulsed these proposals, saying that he was the avenger of abuses and not an assassin, and that those who had to complain of the admiral had only to come and ask him how he had done, and to do as he.
As to Murray, he died the night following his wound, leaving the regency to the Earl of Lennox, the father of Darnley: on learning the news of his death, Elizabeth wrote that she had lost her best friend.
While these events were passing in Scotland, Mary Stuart was still a prisoner, in spite of the pressing and successive protests of Charles IX and Henry III. Taking fright at the attempt made in her favour, Elizabeth even had her removed to Sheffield Castle, round which fresh patrols were incessantly in motion.
But days, months, years passed, and poor Mary, who had borne so impatiently her eleven months' captivity in Lochleven Castle, had been already led from prison to prison for fifteen or sixteen years, in spite of her protests and those of the French and Spanish ambassadors, when she was finally taken to Tutbury Castle and placed under the care of Sir Amyas Paulet, her last gaoler: there she found for her sole lodging two low and damp rooms, where little by little what strength remained to her was so exhausted that there were days on which she could not walk, on account of the pain in all her limbs. Then it was that she who had been the queen of two kingdoms, who was born in a gilded cradle and brought up in silk and velvet, was forced to humble herself to ask of her gaoler a softer bed and warmer coverings. This request, treated as an affair of state, gave rise to negotiations which lasted a month, after which the prisoner was at length granted what she asked. And yet the unhealthiness, cold, and privations of all kinds still did not work actively enough on that healthy and robust organisation. They tried to convey to Paulet what a service he would render the Queen of England in cutting short the existence of her who, already condemned in her rival's mind, yet delayed to die. But Sir Amyas Paulet, coarse and harsh as he was to Mary Stuart, declared that, so long as she was with him she would have nothing to fear from poison or dagger, because he would taste all the dishes served to his prisoner, and that no one should approach her but in his presence. In fact, some assassins, sent by Leicester, the very same who had aspired for a moment to the hand of the lovely Mary Stuart, were driven from the castle directly its stern keeper had learned with what intentions they had entered it. Elizabeth had to be patient, then, in contenting herself with tormenting her whom she could not kill, and still hoping that a fresh opportunity would occur for bringing her to trial. That opportunity, so long delayed, the fatal star of Mary Stuart at length brought.
A young Catholic gentleman, a last scion of that ancient chivalry which was already dying out at that time, excited by the excommunication of Pius V, which pronounced Elizabeth fallen from her kingdom on earth and her salvation in heaven, resolved to restore liberty to Mary, who thenceforth was beginning to be looked upon, no longer as a political prisoner, but as a martyr for her faith. Accordingly, braving the law which Elizabeth had had made in 1585, and which provided that, if any attempt on her person was meditated by, or for, a person who thought he had claims to the crown of England, a commission would be appointed composed of twenty-five members, which, to the exclusion of every other tribunal, would be empowered to examine into the offence, and to condemn the guilty persons, whosoever they might be. Babington, not at all discouraged by the example of his predecessors, assembled five of his friends, Catholics as zealous as himself, who engaged their life and honour in the plot of which he was the head, and which had as its aim to assassinate Elizabeth, and as a result to place Mary Stuart on the English throne. But this scheme, well planned as it was, was revealed to Walsingham, who allowed the conspirators to go as far as he thought he could without danger, and who, the day before that fixed for the assassination, had them arrested.
This imprudent and desperate attempt delighted Elizabeth, for, according to the letter of the law, it finally gave her rival's life into her hands. Orders were immediately given to Sir Amyas Paulet to seize the prisoner's papers and to move her to Fotheringay Castle. The gaoler, then, hypocritically relaxing his usual severity, suggested to Mary Stuart that she should go riding, under the pretext that she had need of an airing. The poor prisoner, who for three years had only seen the country through her prison bars, joyfully accepted, and left Tutbury between two guards, mounted, for greater security, on a horse whose feet were hobbled. These two guards took her to Fotheringay Castle, her new habitation, where she found the apartment she was to lodge in already hung in black. Mary Stuart had entered alive into her tomb. As to Babington and his accomplices, they had been already beheaded.
Meanwhile, her two secretaries, Curle and Nau, were arrested, and all her papers were seized and sent to Elizabeth, who, on her part, ordered the forty commissioners to assemble, and proceed without intermission to the trial of the prisoner. They arrived at Fotheringay the 14th October 1586; and next day, being assembled in the great hall of the castle, they began the examination.
At first Mary refused to appear before them, declaring that she did not recognise the commissioners as judges, they not being her peers, and not acknowledging the English law, which had never afforded her protection, and which had constantly abandoned her to the rule of force. But seeing that they proceeded none the less, and that every calumny was allowed, no one being there to refute it, she resolved to appear before the commissioners. We quote the two interrogatories to which Mary Stuart submitted as they are set down in the report of M. de Bellievre to M. de Villeroy. M. de Bellievre, as we shall see later, had been specially sent by King Henry III to Elizabeth. [Intelligence for M. Villeroy of what was done in England by M. de Bellievre about the affairs of the Queen of Scotland, in the months of November and December 1586 and January 1587.]
The said lady being seated at the end of the table in the said hall, and the said commissioners about her--
The Queen of Scotland began to speak in these terms:
"I do not admit that any one of you here assembled is my peer or my judge to examine me upon any charge. Thus what I do, and now tell you, is of my own free will, taking God to witness that I am innocent and pure in conscience of the accusations and slanders of which they wish to accuse me. For I am a free princess and born a queen, obedient to no one, save to God, to whom alone I must give an account of my actions. This is why I protest yet again that my appearance before you be not prejudicial either to me, or to the kings, princes and potentates, my allies, nor to my son, and I require that my protest be registered, and I demand the record of it."
Then the chancellor, who was one of the commissioners, replied in his turn, and protested against the protestation; then he ordered that there should be read over to the Queen of Scotland the commission in virtue of which they were proceeding--a commission founded on the statutes and law of the kingdom.
But to this Mary Stuart made answer that she again protested; that the said statutes and laws were without force against her, because these statutes and laws are not made for persons of her condition.
To this the chancellor replied that the commission intended to proceed against her, even if she refused to answer, and declared that the trial should proceed; for she was doubly subject to indictment, the conspirators having not only plotted in her favour, but also with her consent: to which the said Queen of Scotland responded that she had never even thought of it.
Upon this, the letters it was alleged she had written to Babington and his answers were read to her.
Mary Stuart then affirmed that she had never seen Babington, that she had never had any conference with him, had never in her life received a single letter from him, and that she defied anyone in the world to maintain that she had ever done anything to the prejudice of the said Queen of England; that besides, strictly guarded as she was, away from all news, withdrawn from and deprived of those nearest her, surrounded with enemies, deprived finally of all advice, she had been unable to participate in or to consent to the practices of which she was accused; that there are, besides, many persons who wrote to her what she had no knowledge of, and that she had received a number of letters without knowing whence they came to her.
Then Babington's confession was read to her; but she replied that she did not know what was meant; that besides, if Babington and his accomplices had said such things, they were base men, false and liars.
"Besides," added she, "show me my handwriting and my signature, since you say that I wrote to Babington, and not copies counterfeited like these which you have filled at your leisure with the falsehoods it has pleased you to insert."
Then she was shown the letter that Babington, it was said, had written her. She glanced at it; then said, "I have no knowledge of this letter". Upon this, she was shown her reply, and she said again, "I have no more knowledge of this answer. If you will show me my own letter and my own signature containing what you say, I will acquiesce in all; but up to the present, as I have already told you, you have produced nothing worthy of credence, unless it be the copies you have invented and added to with what seemed good to you."
With these words, she rose, and with her eyes full of tears--
"If I have ever," said she, "consented to such intrigues, having for object my sister's death, I pray God that He have neither pity nor mercy on me. I confess that I have written to several persons, that I have implored them to deliver me from my wretched prisons, where I languished, a captive and ill-treated princess, for nineteen years and seven months; but it never occurred to me, even in thought, to write or even to desire such things against the queen. Yes, I also confess to having exerted myself for the deliverance of some persecuted Catholics, and if I had been able, and could yet, with my own blood, protect them and save them from their pains, I would have done it, and would do it for them with all my power, in order to save them from destruction."
Then, turning to the secretary, Walsingham--
"But, my lord," said she, "from the moment I see you here, I know whence comes this blow: you have always been my greatest enemy and my son's, and you have moved everyone against me and to my prejudice."
Thus accused to his face, Walsingham rose.
"Madam," he replied, "I protest before God, who is my witness, that you deceive yourself, and that I have never done anything against you unworthy of a good man, either as an individual or as a public personage."
This is all that was said and done that day in the proceedings, till the next day, when the queen was again obliged to appear before the commissioners.
And, being seated at the end of the table of the said hall, and the said commissioners about her, she began to speak in a loud voice.
"You are not unaware, my lords and gentlemen, that I am a sovereign queen, anointed and consecrated in the church of God, and cannot, and ought not, for any reason whatever, be summoned to your courts, or called to your bar, to be judged by the law and statutes that you lay down; for I am a princess and free, and I do not owe to any prince more than he owes to me; and on everything of which I am accused towards my said sister, I cannot, reply if you do not permit me to be assisted by counsel. And if you go further, do what you will; but from all your procedure, in reiterating my protestations, I appeal to God, who is the only just and true judge, and to the kings and princes, my allies and confederates."
This protestation was once more registered, as she had required of the commissioners. Then she was told that she had further written several letters to the princes of Christendom, against the queen and the kingdom of England.
"As to that," replied Mary Stuart, "it is another matter, and I do not deny it; and if it was again to do, I should do as I have done, to gain my liberty; for there is not a man or woman in the world, of less rank than I, who would not do it, and who would not make use of the help and succour of their friends to issue from a captivity as harsh as mine was. You charge me with certain letters from Babington: well, I do not deny that he has written to me and that I have replied to him; but if you find in my answers a single word about the queen my sister, well, yes, there will be good cause to prosecute me. I replied to him who wrote to me that he would set me at liberty, that I accepted his offer, if he could do it without compromising the one or the other of us: that is all.
"As to my secretaries," added the queen, "not they, but torture spoke by their mouths: and as to the confessions of Babington and his accomplices, there is not much to be made of them; for now that they are dead you can say all that seems good to you; and let who will believe you."
With these words, the queen refused to answer further if she were not given counsel, and, renewing her protestation, she withdrew into her apartment; but, as the chancellor had threatened, the trial was continued despite her absence.
However, M. de Chateauneuf, the French ambassador to London, saw matters too near at hand to be deceived as to their course: accordingly, at the first rumour which came to him of bringing Mary Stuart to trial, he wrote to King Henry III, that he might intervene in the prisoner's favour. Henry III immediately despatched to Queen Elizabeth an embassy extraordinary, of which M. de Bellievre was the chief; and at the same time, having learned that James VI, Mary's son, far from interesting himself in his mother's fate, had replied to the French minister, Courcelles, who spoke to him of her, "I can do nothing; let her drink what she has spilled," he wrote him the following letter, to decide the young prince to second him in the steps he was going to take:
"21st November, 1586.
"COURCELLES, I have received your letter of the 4th October last, in which I have seen the discourse that the King of Scotland has held with you concerning what you have witnessed to him of the good affection I bear him, discourse in which he has given proof of desiring to reciprocate it entirely; but I wish that that letter had informed me also that he was better disposed towards the queen his mother, and that he had the heart and the desire to arrange everything in a way to assist her in the affliction in which she now is, reflecting that the prison where she has been unjustly detained for eighteen years and more has induced her to lend an ear to many things which have been proposed to her for gaining her liberty, a thing which is naturally greatly desired by all men, and more still by those who are born sovereigns and rulers, who bear being kept prisoners thus with less patience. He should also consider that if the Queen of England, my good sister, allows herself to be persuaded by the counsels of those who wish that she should stain herself with Queen Mary's blood, it will be a matter which will bring him to great dishonour, inasmuch as one will judge that he will have refused his mother the good offices that he should render her with the said Queen of England, and which would have perhaps been sufficient to move her, if he would have employed them, as warmly, and as soon as his natural duty commanded him. Moreover, it is to be feared for him, that, his mother dead, his own turn may come, and that one may think of doing as much for him, by some violent means, to make the English succession easier to seize for those who are likely to have it after the said Queen Elizabeth, and not only to defraud the said King of Scotland of the claim he can put forward, but to render doubtful even that which he has to his own crown. I do not know in what condition the affairs of my said sister-in-law will be when you receive this letter; but I will tell you that in every case I wish you to rouse strongly the said King of Scotland, with remonstrances, and everything else which may bear on this subject, to embrace the defence and protection of his said mother, and to express to him, on my part, that as this will be a matter for which he will be greatly praised by all the other kings and sovereign princes, he must be assured that if he fails in it there will be great censure for him, and perhaps notable injury to himself in particular. Furthermore, as to the state of my own affairs, you know that the queen, madam and mother, is about to see very soon the King of Navarre, and to confer with him on the matter of the pacification of the troubles of this kingdom, to which, if he bear as much good affection as I do for my part, I hope that things may come to a good conclusion, and that my subjects will have some respite from the great evils and calamities that the war occasions them: supplicating the Creator, Courcelles, that He may have you in His holy keeping.
"Written at St. Germain-en-Laye, the 21st day of November 1586.(Signed) HENRI,
"And below, BRULART."
This letter finally decided James VI to make a kind of demonstration in his mother's favour: he sent Gray, Robert Melville, and Keith to Queen Elizabeth. But although London was nearer Edinburgh than was Paris, the French envoys reached it before the Scotch.
It is true that on reaching Calais, the 27th of November, M. de Bellievre had found a special messenger there to tell him not to lose an instant, from M. de Chateauneuf, who, to provide for every difficulty, had chartered a vessel ready in the harbour. But however great the speed these noble lords wished to make, they were obliged to await the wind's good-will, which did not allow them to put to sea till Friday 28th at midnight; next day also, on reaching Dover at nine o'clock, they were so shaken by sea-sickness that they were forced to stay a whole day in the town to recover, so that it was not till Sunday 30th that M. de Bellievre was able to set out in the coach that M. Chateauneuf sent him by M. de Brancaleon, and take the road to London, accompanied by the gentlemen of his suite, who rode on post-horses; but resting only a few hours on the way to make up for lost time, they at last arrived in London, Sunday the 1st of December at midday. M. de Bellievre immediately sent one of the gentlemen of his suite, named M. de Villiers, to the Queen of England, who was holding her court at Richmond Castle: the decree had been secretly pronounced already six days, and submitted to Parliament, which was to deliberate upon it with closed doors.
The French ambassadors could not have chosen a worse moment to approach Elizabeth; and to gain time she declined to receive M. de Villiers, returning the answer that he would himself know next day the reason for this refusal. And indeed, next day, the rumour spread in London that the French Embassy had contagion, and that two of the lords in it having died of the plague at Calais, the queen, whatever wish she might have to be agreeable to Henry III, could not endanger her precious existence by receiving his envoys. Great was the astonishment of M. de Bellievre at learning this news he protested that the queen was led into error by a false report, and insisted on being received. Nevertheless, the delays lasted another six days; but as the ambassadors threatened to depart without waiting longer, and as, upon the whole, Elizabeth, disquieted by Spain, had no desire to embroil herself with France, she had M. de Bellievre informed on the morning of the 7th of December that she was ready to receive him after dinner at Richmond Castle, together with the noblemen of his suite.
At the appointed time the French ambassadors presented themselves at the castle gates, and, having been brought to the queen, found her seated on her throne and surrounded by the greatest lords in her kingdom. Then MM. de Chateauneuf and de Bellievre, the one the ambassador in ordinary and the other the envoy extraordinary, having greeted her on the part of the King of France, began to make her the remonstrances with which they were charged. Elizabeth replied, not only in the same French tongue, but also in the most beautiful speech in use at that time, and, carried away by passion, pointed out to the envoys of her brother Henry that the Queen of Scotland had always proceeded against her, and that this was the third time that she had wished to attempt her life by an infinity of ways; which she had already borne too long and with too much patience, but that never had anything so profoundly cut her to the heart as her last conspiracy; that event, added she with sadness, having caused her to sigh more and to shed more tears than the loss of all her relations, so much the more that the Queen of Scotland was her near relative and closely connected with the King of France; and as, in their remonstrances, MM. de Chateauneuf and de Bellievre had brought forward several examples drawn from history, she assumed, in reply to them on this occasion, the pedantic style which was usual with her, and told them that she had seen and read a great many books in her life, and a thousand more than others of her sex and her rank were wont to, but that she had never found in them a single example of a deed like that attempted on her--a deed pursued by a relative, whom the king her brother could not and ought not to support in her wickedness, when it was, on the contrary, his duty to hasten the just punishment of it: then she added, addressing herself specially to M. de Bellievre, and coming down again from the height of her pride to a gracious countenance, that she greatly regretted he was not deputed for a better occasion; that in a few days she would reply to King Henry her brother, concerning whose health she was solicitous, as well as that of the queen mother, who must experience such great fatigue from the trouble she took to restore peace to her son's kingdom; and then, not wishing to hear more, she withdrew into her room.
The envoys returned to London, where they awaited the promised reply; but while they were expecting it unavailingly, they heard quietly the sentence of death given against Queen Mary, which decided them to return to Richmond to make fresh remonstrances to Queen Elizabeth. After two or three fruitless journeys, they were at last, December 15th, admitted for the second time to the royal presence.
The queen did not deny that the sentence had been pronounced, and as it was easy to see that she did not intend in this case to use her right of pardon, M. de Bellievre, judging that there was nothing to be done, asked for a safe-conduct to return to his king: Elizabeth promised it to him within two or three days.
On the following Tuesday, the 17th of the same month of December, Parliament as well as the chief lords of the realm were convoked at the Palace of Westminster, and there, in full court and before all, sentence of death was proclaimed and pronounced against Mary Stuart: then this same sentence, with great display and great solemnity, was read in the squares and at the cross-roads of London, whence it spread throughout the kingdom; and upon this proclamation the bells rang for twenty-four hours, while the strictest orders were given to each of the inhabitants to light bonfires in front of their houses, as is the custom in France on the Eve of St. John the Baptist.
Then, amid this sound of bells, by the light of these bonfires, M. de Bellievre, wishing to make a last effort, in order to have nothing with which to reproach himself, wrote the following letter to Queen Elizabeth:
"MADAM:--We quitted your Majesty yesterday, expecting, as it had pleased you to inform us, to receive in a few days your reply touching the prayer that we made you on behalf of our good master, your brother, for the Queen of Scotland, his sister in-law and confederate; but as this morning we have been informed that the judgment given against the said queen has been proclaimed in London, although we had promised ourselves another issue from your clemency and the friendship your bear to the said lord king your good brother, nevertheless, to neglect no part of our duty, and believing in so doing to serve the intentions of the king our master, we have not wanted to fail to write to you this present letter, in which we supplicate you once again, very humbly, not to refuse his Majesty the very pressing and very affectionate prayer that he has made you, that you will be pleased to preserve the life of the said lady Queen of Scotland, which the said lord king will receive as the greatest pleasure your Majesty could do him; while, on the contrary, he could not imagine anything which would cause him more displeasure, and which would wound him more, than if he were used harshly with regard to the said lady queen, being what she is to him: and as, madam, the said king our master, your good brother, when for this object he despatched us to your Majesty, had not conceived that it was possible, in any case, to determine so promptly upon such an execution, we implore you, madam, very humbly, before permitting it to go further, to grant us some time in which we can make known to him the state of the affairs of the said Queen of Scotland, in order that before your Majesty takes a final resolution, you may know what it may please his very Christian Majesty to tell you and point out to you on the greatest affair which, in our memory, has been submitted to men's judgment. Monsieur de Saint-Cyr, who will give these presents to your Majesty, will bring us, if it pleases you, your good reply.The same day, M. de Saint-Cyr and the other French lords returned to Richmond to take this letter; but the queen would not receive them, alleging indisposition, so that they were obliged to leave the letter with Walsingham, her first Secretary of State, who promised them to send the queen's answer the following day.
"London, this 16th day of December 1586.
"(Signed) DE BELLIEVRE,
"And DE L'AUBESPINE CHATEAUNEUF."
In spite of this promise, the French lords waited two days more: at last, on the second day, towards evening, two English gentlemen sought out M. de Fellievre in London, and, viva voce, without any letter to confirm what they were charged to say, announced to him, on behalf of their queen, that in reply to the letter that they had written her, and to do justice to the desire they had shown to obtain for the condemned a reprieve during which they would make known the decision to the King of France, her Majesty would grant twelve days. As this was Elizabeth's last word, and it was useless to lose time in pressing her further, M. de Genlis was immediately despatched to his Majesty the King of France, to whom, besides the long despatch of M. de Chateauneuf and de Bellievre which he was charged to remit, he was to say 'viva voce' what he had seen and heard relative to the affairs of Queen Mary during the whole time he had been in England.
Henry III responded immediately with a letter containing fresh instructions for MM. de Chateauneuf and de Bellievre; but in spite of all the haste M. de Genlis could make, he did not reach London till the fourteenth day--that is to say, forty-eight hours after the expiration of the delay granted; nevertheless, as the sentence had not yet been put into execution, MM. de Bellievre and de Chateauneuf set out at once for Greenwich Castle, some miles from London, where the queen was keeping Christmas, to beg her to grant them an audience, in which they could transmit to her Majesty their king's reply; but they could obtain nothing for four or five days; however, as they were not disheartened, and returned unceasingly to the charge, January 6th, MM. de Bellievre and de Chateauneuf were at last sent for by the queen.
As on the first occasion, they were introduced with all the ceremonial in use at that time, and found Elizabeth in an audience-chamber. The ambassadors approached her, greeted her, and M. de Bellievre began to address to her with respect, but at the same time with firmness, his master's remonstrances. Elizabeth listened to them with an impatient air, fidgeting in her seat; then at last, unable to control herself, she burst out, rising and growing red with anger--
"M. de Bellievre," said she, "are you really charged by the king, my brother, to speak to me in such a way?"
"Yes, madam," replied M. de Bellievre, bowing; "I am expressly commanded to do so."
"And have you this command under his hand?" continued Elizabeth.
"Yes, madam," returned the ambassador with the same calmness; "and the king, my master, your good brother, has expressly charged me, in letters signed by his own hand, to make to your Majesty the remonstrances which I have had the honour to address to you."
"Well," cried Elizabeth, no longer containing herself, "I demand of you a copy of that letter, signed by you; and reflect that you will answer for each word that you take away or add."
"Madam," answered M. de Bellievre, "it is not the custom of the kings of France, or of their agents, to forge letters or documents; you will have the copies you require to-morrow morning, and I pledge their accuracy on my honour."
"Enough, sir, enough!" said the queen, and signing to everyone in the room to go out, she remained nearly an hour with MM. de Chateauneuf and de Bellievre. No one knows what passed in that interview, except that the queen promised to send an ambassador to the King of France, who, she promised, would be in Paris, if not before, at least at the same time as M. de Bellievre, and would be the bearer of her final resolve as to the affairs of the Queen of Scotland; Elizabeth then withdrew, giving the French envoys to understand that any fresh attempt they might make to see her would be useless.
On the 13th of January the ambassadors received their passports, and at the same time notice that a vessel of the queen's was awaiting them at Dover.
The very day of their departure a strange incident occurred. A gentleman named Stafford, a brother of Elizabeth's ambassador to the King of France, presented himself at M. de Trappes's, one of the officials in the French chancellery, telling him that he was acquainted with a prisoner for debt who had a matter of the utmost importance to communicate to him, and that he might pay the greater attention to it, he told him that this matter was connected with the service of the King of France, and concerned the affairs of Queen Mary of Scotland. M. de Trappes, although mistrusting this overture from the first, did not want, in case his suspicions deceived him, to have to reproach himself for any neglect on such a pressing occasion. He repaired, then, with; Mr. Stafford to the prison, where he who wished to converse with him was detained. When he was with him, the prisoner told him that he was locked up for a debt of only twenty crowns, and that his desire to be at liberty was so great that if M. de Chateauneuf would pay that sum for him he would undertake to deliver the Queen of Scotland from her danger, by stabbing Elizabeth: to this proposal, M. de Trappes, who saw the pitfall laid for the French ambassador, was greatly astonished, and said that he was certain that M. de Chateauneuf would consider as very evil every enterprise having as its aim to threaten in any way the life of Queen Elizabeth or the peace of the realm; then, not desiring to hear more, he returned to M. de Chateauneuf and related to him what had just happened. M. de Chateauneuf, who perceived the real cause of this overture, immediately said to Mr. Stafford that he thought it strange that a gentleman like himself should undertake with another gentleman such treachery, and requested him to leave the Embassy at once, and never to set foot there again. Then Stafford withdrew, and, appearing to think himself a lost man, he implored M. de Trappes to allow him to cross the Channel with him and the French envoys. M. de Trappes referred him to M. de Chateauneuf, who answered Mr. Stafford directly that he had not only forbidden him his house, but also all relations with any person from the Embassy, that he must thus very well see that his request could not be granted; he added that if he were not restrained by the consideration he desired to keep for his brother, the Earl of Stafford, his colleague, he would at once denounce his treason to Elizabeth. The same day Stafford was arrested.
After this conference, M. de Trappes set out to rejoin his travelling companions, who were some hours in advance of him, when, on reaching Dover he was arrested in his turn and brought hack to prison in London. Interrogated the same day, M. de Trappes frankly related what had passed, appealing to M. de Chateauneuf as to the truth of what he said.
The day following there was a second interrogatory, and great was his amazement when, on requesting that the one of the day before should be shown him, he was merely shown, according to custom in English law, counterfeit copies, in which were avowals compromising him as well as M. de Chateauneuf: he objected and protested, refused to answer or to sign anything further, and was taken back to the Tower with redoubled precaution, the object of which was the appearance of an important accusation.
Next day, M. de Chateauneuf was summoned before the queen, and there confronted with Stafford, who impudently maintained that he had treated of a plot with M. de Trappes and a certain prisoner for debt--a plot which aimed at nothing less than endangering the Queen's life. M. de Chateauneuf defended himself with the warmth of indignation, but Elizabeth had too great an interest in being unconvinced even to attend to the evidence. She then said to M. de Chateauneuf that his character of ambassador alone prevented her having him arrested like his accomplice M. de Trappes; and immediately despatching, as she had promised, an ambassador to King Henry III, she charged him not to excuse her for the sentence which had just been pronounced and the death which must soon follow, but to accuse M. de Chateauneuf of having taken part in a plot of which the discovery alone had been able to decide her to consent to the death of the Queen of Scotland, certain as she was by experience, that so long as her enemy lived her existence would be hourly threatened.
On the same day, Elizabeth made haste to spread, not only in London, but also throughout England, the rumour of the fresh danger from which she had just escaped, so that, when, two days after the departure of the French envoys, the Scottish ambassadors, who, as one sees, had not used much speed, arrived, the queen answered them that their request came unseasonably, at a time when she had just had proof that, so long as Mary Stuart existed, her own (Elizabeth's) life was in danger. Robert Melville wished to reply to this; but Elizabeth flew into a passion, saying that it was he, Melville, who had given the King of Scotland the bad advice to intercede for his mother, and that if she had such an adviser she would have him beheaded. To which Melville answered--
"That at the risk of his life he would never spare his master good advice; and that, on the contrary, he who would counsel a son to let his mother perish, would deserve to be beheaded."
Upon this reply, Elizabeth ordered the Scotch envoys to withdrew, telling them that she would let them have her answer.
Three or four days passed, and as they heard nothing further, they asked again for a parting audience to hear the last resolve of her to whom they were sent: the queen then decided to grant it, and all passed, as with M. de Bellievre, in recriminations and complaints. Finally, Elizabeth asked them what guarantee they would give for her life in the event of her consenting to pardon the Queen of Scotland. The envoys responded that they were authorised to make pledges in the name of the King of Scotland, their master, and all the lords of his realm, that Mary Stuart should renounce in favour of her son all her claims upon the English crown, and that she should give as security for this undertaking the King of France, and all the princes and lords, his relations and friends.
To this answer, the queen, without her usual presence of mind, cried, "What are you saying, Melville? That would be to arm my enemy with two claims, while he has only one".
"Does your Majesty then regard the king, my master, as your enemy?" replied Melville. "He believed himself happier, madam, and thought he was your ally."
"No, no," Elizabeth said, blushing; "it is a way of speaking: and if you find a means of reconciling everything, gentlemen, to prove to you, on the contrary, that I regard King James VI as my good and faithful ally, I am quite ready to incline to mercy. Seek, then, on your side" added she, "while I seek on mine."
With these words, she went out of the room, and the ambassadors retired, with the light of the hope of which she had just let them catch a glimpse.
The same evening, a gentleman at the court sought out the Master of Gray, the head of the Embassy, as if to pay him a civil visit, and while conversing said to him, "That it was very difficult to reconcile the safety of Queen Elizabeth with the life of her prisoner; that besides, if the Queen of Scotland were pardoned, and she or her son ever came to the English throne, there would be no security for the lords commissioners who had voted her death; that there was then only one way of arranging everything, that the King of Scotland should himself give up his claims to the kingdom of England; that otherwise, according to him, there was no security for Elizabeth in saving the life of the Scottish queen". The Master of Gray then, looking at him fixedly, asked him if his sovereign had charged him to come to him with this talk. But the gentleman denied it, saying that all this was on his own account and in the way of opinion.
Elizabeth received the envoys from Scotland once more, and then told them--
"That after having well considered, she had found no way of saving the life of the Queen of Scotland while securing her own, that accordingly she could not grant it to them". To this declaration, the Master of Gray replied: "That since it was thus, he was, in this case, ordered by his master to say that they protested in the name of King James that all that had been done against his mother was of no account, seeing that Queen Elizabeth had no authority over a queen, as she was her equal in rank and birth; that accordingly they declared that immediately after their return, and when their master should know the result of their mission, he would assemble his Parliament and send messengers to all the Christian princes, to take counsel with them as to what could be done to avenge her whom they could not save."
Then Elizabeth again flew into a passion, saying that they had certainly not received from their king a mission to speak to her in such a way; but they thereupon offered to give her this protest in writing under their signatures; to which Elizabeth replied that she would send an ambassador to arrange all that with her good friend and ally, the King of Scotland. But the envoys then said that their master would not listen to anyone before their return. Upon which Elizabeth begged them not to go away at once, because she had not yet come to her final decision upon this matter. On the evening following this audience, Lord Hingley having come to see the Master of Gray, and having seemed to notice some handsome pistols which came from Italy, Gray, directly he had gone, asked this nobleman's cousin to take them to him as a gift from him. Delighted with this pleasant commission, the young man wished to perform it the same evening, and went to the queen's palace, where his relative was staying, to give him the present which he had been told to take to him. But hardly had he passed through a few rooms than he was arrested, searched, and the arms he was taking were found upon him. Although these were not loaded, he was immediately arrested; only he was not taken to the Tower, but kept a prisoner in his own room.
Next day there was a rumour that the Scotch ambassadors had wanted to assassinate the queen in their turn, and that pistols, given by the Master of Gray himself, had been found on the assassin.
This bad faith could not but open the envoys' eyes. Convinced at last that they could do nothing for poor Mary Stuart, they left her to her fate, and set out next day for Scotland.
Scarcely were they gone than Elizabeth sent her secretary, Davison, to Sir Amyas Paulet. He was instructed to sound him again with regard to the prisoner; afraid, in spite of herself, of a public execution, the queen had reverted to her former ideas of poisoning or assassination; but Sir Amyas Paulet declared that he would let no one have access to Mary but the executioner, who must in addition be the bearer of a warrant perfectly in order, Davison reported this answer to Elizabeth, who, while listening to him, stamped her foot several times, and when he had finished, unable to control herself, cried, "God's death! there's a dainty fellow, always talking of his fidelity and not knowing how to prove it!"
Elizabeth was then obliged to make up her mind. She asked Davison for the warrant; he gave it to her, and, forgetting that she was the daughter of a queen who had died on the scaffold, she signed it without any trace of emotion; then, having affixed to it the great seal of England, "Go," said she, laughing, "tell Walsingham that all is ended for Queen Mary; but tell him with precautions, for, as he is ill, I am afraid he will die of grief when he hears it."
The jest was the more atrocious in that Walsingham was known to be the Queen of Scotland's bitterest enemy.
Towards evening of that day, Saturday the 14th, Beale, Walsingham's brother-in-law, was summoned to the palace! The queen gave into his hands the death warrant, and with it an order addressed to the Earls of Shrewsbury, Kent, Rutland, and other noblemen in the neighbourhood of Fotheringay, to be present at the execution. Beale took with him the London executioner, whom Elizabeth had had dressed in black velvet for this great occasion; and set out two hours after he had received his warrant.
|Art of Worldly Wisdom Daily|
In the 1600s, Balthasar Gracian, a jesuit priest wrote 300 aphorisms on living life called "The Art of Worldly Wisdom." Join our newsletter below and read them all, one at a time.
Shakespeare wrote over 150 sonnets! Join our Sonnet-A-Day Newsletter and read them all, one at a time. | <urn:uuid:b0325ce8-41c5-4014-94fa-8801b428c3dc> | 2013-05-24T01:38:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Editor's Note: This is Part II of a series by former CIA analyst Melvin A. Goodman addressing the presidency and the Pentagon.
Part I examined what President Dwight Eisenhower knew about the military as a retired five-star general and what he tried to impart to his successors. Part III will deal with President Obama's mishandling of the military-industrial complex's power and what he should do:
Barack Obama's crippling inheritance as President of the United States is the near-five-decade failure of the nation's political leadership to heed President Dwight D. Eisenhower's warning that "in the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex."
This complex, according to Tom Barry of the Center for International Policy, has now "morphed into a new type of public-private partnership -- one that spans military, intelligence, and homeland-security contracting -- that amounts to a "national security complex'."
Over the past three decades, despite the collapse of the Berlin Wall, the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and the end of the Cold War, U.S. presidents have done next to nothing to challenge or limit the national security complex, which continues to drain the federal treasury and block any potential political threat to the military-industrial status quo.
Through this period, reaching from Ronald Reagan to Obama, military spending has continued to increase, with the United States outspending the entire rest of the world on weapons systems.
The $708 billion defense budget for 2011 is higher than at any point in America's post-World War II history. It is 16 percent higher than the 1952 Korean War budget peak and 36 percent higher than the 1968 Vietnam War budget peak in constant dollars.
Yet some Pentagon leaders see this spending level as restraint. Defense Secretary Robert Gates argues that the budget plan "rebalances" spending by emphasizing near-term challenges of counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, and stabilization operations.
But the current budget plan makes no effort at prioritizing these near-term commitments against funding for long-term commitments. Instead, it increases funding for both near-term and long-term programs. Despite complaints from deficit hawks, the military-industrial hawks still rule the roost.
Overall procurement spending will rise by nearly 8 percent in the 2011 budget, covering virtually all of the equipment the services wanted. Historically, the costs to operate and maintain the U.S. military tend to grow at about 2.5 percent. Not this year. The basic defense budget request seeks more than $200 billion, or an 8.5 percent increase, in funding for Operations and Maintenance.
Over the past three decades, the military tool also has become the leading instrument of American statecraft. The defense budget is 13 times larger than all U.S. civilian foreign policy budgets combined, and the Defense Department's share of U.S. security assistance has grown from 6 percent in 2002 to more than 50 percent in 2009, when Obama was inaugurated.
There are more members of the military in marching bands than there are Foreign Service Officers, and the Defense Department spends more on fuel ($16 billion) than the State Department spends on operating costs ($13 billion). More than half of U.S. discretionary spending is in the defense budget, and war spending only accounts for half of the increase in defense spending since 1998.
All at Fault
All U.S. presidents since 1981 have contributed to the militarization of national security policy.
President Ronald Reagan was responsible for unprecedented peacetime increases in defense spending even though the Soviet Union was in decline; he also endorsed the Goldwater-Nichols Act in 1986 that enhanced the political role of the regional commanders-in-chief (CINCs) and marginalized the State Department.
President George H.W. Bush's deployment of 26,000 troops (Operation Just Cause) to Panama only one month after the collapse of the Berlin Wall, indicated that the use of force would play a greater role in the new international environment, which Bush dubbed "the new world order."
President Bill Clinton weakened the role of the State Department in implementing foreign policy, when he abolished the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and the United States Information Agency and substantially reduced funding for the Agency for International Development. | <urn:uuid:8ee0abaa-ade7-478b-a24e-2a860d41dc0a> | 2013-05-24T01:52:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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View Full Version : Compilation Failure on new Linux Install
11-08-2004, 06:11 AM
I have upgraded my Dell M60 to one with the latest NVIDIA card and have attempted to recompile some flight simulation code, but it fails. The M60 has the latest NVIDIA driver and I believe I have installed all the right glut libraries etc.. Here is the error and Google has similar errors but no obvious soulition:
[root@pal-b5c449w1 detailFiles]# make
g++ -o teapotdetail flightdetail12.o landdetail10.o comm001.o texture.o constants.o comm_variables.o -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lGL -lGLU -lglut -lm -lX11 -lXext
/usr/lib/libglut.a(glut_cmap.o)(.text+0x479): In function `__glutSetupColormap':: undefined reference to `XmuLookupStandardColormap'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [teapotdetail] Error 1
11-08-2004, 10:52 AM
i think you have to add the compiler flag
how do i get this idea? "undefined reference" is a linker error, not a compiler error. this means you did include the right files, but you did not tell g++(or gcc) which libraries to use.
if your compiler tells you that a function "Xmu..." is missing, you should look for a library libXmu*, if there's a function "X11..." missing, the missing library is most probably libX11*
but you don't have to guess: in my system i find a library "/usr/X11R6/lib/libXmu.so". entering in a terminal window
readelf -s /usr/X11R6/lib/libXmu.so
lists all functions in that library. to complete this,
readelf -s /usr/X11R6/lib/libXmu.so | grep XmuLookup
shows you that the routine that you need is really included in that library.
Thank you. That fixed the compilation! That was the good news. The bad news is that I now get a segmentation error on the GlInit initial call.
I wonder if I need to reinstall all the GLUT files etc. This new machine has been a nightmare. Is there a listing anywhere of what rpms are needed to make Fedora 2 run?
11-13-2004, 08:08 AM
what is glinit? can you post some code?
11-13-2004, 08:35 AM
I have to say this: If there is any way you can
avoid using glut and write the routines that you
need by yourself, do that.
Not only will it solve your problems, it will give
you ultra-valuable experience in coding the main
loop, etc. Anything serious should be done either
from scratch, or using something more advanced than
glut, like SDL. In my understanding about glut -- as
I have repeated in this forum -- is that glut is
meant to provide all the routines you need to learn,
but it is not meant to be a permanent part of any
Powered by vBulletin® Version 4.2.0 Copyright © 2013 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:99874e27-a161-4e70-b3ba-e0515a1ecc3f> | 2013-05-24T01:38:48Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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View Full Version : 2D to 3D
03-10-2000, 03:25 AM
How can i translate a 2 dimension screen coordinate in a 3 dimension coordinate because i want to create a 3D object by a mouse clik on the screen.(sorry for my english because i'm french).
03-10-2000, 05:26 PM
I don't know if this is any help, but you might use something like MultiGen does:
When you click on the screen, there is a whole line of points in 3d that you could actually mean. MultiGen allows the user to define a grid and position this grid in a plane. When you click, the point snaps to this grid. Using opengl, the user would need to specify the plane, then you could use an orthographic projection such that the x,y in the window match those in the real world. Then you would need to rotate/translate these into the real world.
Hopefully this helps. Your question is a bit broad. It would be easier to answer with more detail.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 4.2.0 Copyright © 2013 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:5847d244-8c94-4576-8e50-0cb9c0355606> | 2013-05-24T01:58:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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1 GCC The GCC command invokes the GNU C compiler. GCC file-spec 2 Parameters file-spec A C source file. If no input file extension is specified, GNU C assumes .C as the default extension unless the /PLUS qualifier is given, in which case .CC is assumed as the default extension. If an extension of .CPP is given, then the source file is assumed to be the output of the preprocessor, and thus the preprocessor is not executed. If an extension of .S is given, then the source file is assumed to be the assembly code output of the compiler, and only the assembler is called to generate an object file. 2 Qualifiers GNU C command qualifiers modify the way the compiler handles the compilation. The following is the list of available qualifiers for GNU C: /CASE_HACK /CC1_OPTIONS=(option [,option...]]) /DEBUG /DEFINE=(identifier[=definition][,...]) /G_FLOAT /INCLUDE_DIRECTORY=(path [,path...]]) /LIST[=filename] /MACHINE_CODE /OBJECT[=filename] /OPTIMIZE /PLUS /PROFILE[=identifier] /SCAN=(file[,file...]) /SHOW[=option] /UNDEFINE=(identifier[,identifier,...]) /VERBOSE /VERSION /WARNING 2 Linking When linking programs compiled with GNU C, you should include the GNU C library before the VAX C library. For example, LINK object-file,GNU_CC:GCCLIB/LIB,SYS$LIBRARY:VAXCRTL/LIB You can also link your program with the shared VAX C library. This can reduce the size of the .EXE file, as well as make it smaller when it's running. For example, $ LINK object-file, GNU_CC:GCCLIB/LIB,SYS$INPUT/OPT SYS$SHARE:VAXCRTL/SHARE (If you use the second example and type it in by hand, be sure to type ^Z after the last carriage return). A simpler alternative would be to place the single line: SYS$SHARE:VAXCRTL/SHARE into a file called VAXCRTL.OPT, and then use the link command: $ LINK object-file, GNU_CC:GCCLIB/LIB,VAXCRTL.OPT/OPT If a program has been compiled with /G_FLOAT, then the linking instructions are slightly different. If you are linking with the non-shared library, then the command that you should use would be: LINK object-file,GNU_CC:GCCLIB/LIB,SYS$LIBRARY:VAXCRTLG/LIB - ,SYS$LIBRARY:VAXCRTL/LIB Note that both VAXCRTL and VAXCRTLG must be linked to. If you are using the shared VAX C library, then you should use a command like: $ LINK object-file, GNU_CC:GCCLIB/LIB,SYS$INPUT:/OPTIONS SYS$SHARE:VAXCRTLG/SHARE In the case of the sharable library, only one library needs to be linked to. 2 /CASE_HACK /[NO]CASE_HACK D=/CASE_HACK Since the VMS Linker and Librarian are not case sensitive with respect to symbol names, a "case-hack" is appended to a symbol name when the symbol contains upper case characters. There are cases where this is undesirable, (mainly when using certain applications where modules have been precompiled, perhaps in another language) and we want to compile without case hacking. In these cases the /NOCASE_HACK switch disables case hacking. 2 /CC1_OPTIONS This specifies additional switches to the compiler itself which cannot be set by means of the compiler driver. 2 /DEBUG /DEBUG includes additional information in the object file output so that the program can be debugged with the VAX Symbolic Debugger. To use the debugger it is also necessary to link the debugger to your program, which is done by specifying the /DEBUG qualifier to the link command. With the debugger it is possible to set breakpoints, examine variables, and set variables to new values. See the VAX Symbolic Debugger manual for more information, or type "HELP" from the debugger prompt. 2 /DEFINE /DEFINE=(identifier[=definition][,...]) /DEFINE defines a string or macro ('definition') to be substituted for every occurrence of a given string ('identifier') in a program. It is equivalent to the #define preprocessor directive. All definitions and identifiers are converted to uppercase unless they are in quotation marks. The simple form of the /DEFINE qualifier: /DEFINE=vms results in a definition equivalent to the preprocessor directive: #define VMS 1 You must enclose macro definitions in quotation marks, as in this example: /DEFINE="C(x)=((x) & 0xff)" This definition is the same as the preprocessor definition: #define C(x) ((x) & 0xff) If more than one /DEFINE is present on the GCC command line, only the last /DEFINE is used. If both /DEFINE and /UNDEFINE are present on a command line, /DEFINE is evaluated before /UNDEFINE. 2 /G_FLOAT Instructs the compiler to use "G" floating point arithmetic instead of "D". The difference is that double precision has a range of approximately +/-0.56e-308 to +/-0.9 e+308, with approximately 15 decimal digits precision. "D" floating point has the same range as single precision floating point, with approximately 17 decimal digits precision. If you use the /G_FLOAT qualifier, the linking instructions are different. See "Linking" for further details. 2 /LIST /LIST[=list_file_name] This does not generate a listing file in the usual sense, however it does direct the compiler to save the preprocessor output. If a file is not specified, then this output is written into a file with the same name as the source file and an extension of .CPP. 2 /INCLUDE_DIRECTORY /INCLUDE_DIRECTORY=(path [,path...]) The /INCLUDE_DIRECTORY qualifier provides additional directories to search for user-defined include files. 'path' can be either a logical name or a directory specification. There are two forms for specifying include files - #include "file-spec" and #include <file-spec>. For the #include "file-spec" form, the search order is: 1. The directory containing the source file. 2. The directories in the /INCLUDE qualifier (if any). 3. The directory (or directories) specified in the logical name GNU_CC_INCLUDE. 4. The directory (or directories) specified in the logical name SYS$LIBRARY. For the #include <file-spec> form, the search order is: 1. The directories specified in the /INCLUDE qualifier (if any). 2. The directory (or directories) specified in the logical name GNU_CC_INCLUDE. 3. The directory (or directories) specified in the logical name SYS$LIBRARY. 2 /MACHINE_CODE Tells GNU C to output the machine code generated by the compiler. The machine code is output to a file with the same name as the input file, with the extension .S. An object file is still generated, unless /NOOBJ is also specified. 2 /OBJECT /OBJECT[=filename] /NOOBJECT Controls whether or not an object file is generated by the compiler. 2 /OPTIMIZE /[NO]OPTIMIZE Controls whether optimization is performed by the compiler. By default, optimization is on. /NOOPTIMIZE turns optimization off. 2 /PLUS Instructs the compiler driver to use the GNU-C++ compiler instead of the GNU-C compiler. Note that the default extension of source files is .CC when this qualifier is in effect. 2 /PROFILE /PROFILE[=identifier] Instructs the compiler to generate function profiling code. You must link your program to the profiler when you use this options. The profile statistics are automatically printed out on the terminal during image exit. (i.e. no modifications to your source file are required in order to use the profiler). There are three identifiers that can be used with the /PROFILE switch. These are ALL, FUNCTION, and BLOCK. If /PROFILE is given without an identifier, then FUNCTION is assumed. 3 Block_Profiler The block profiler counts how many times control of the program passes certain points in your program. This is useful in determining which portions of a program would benefit from recoding for optimization. The report for the block profiler contains the function name, file name, PC, and the source file line number as well as the count of how many times control has passed through the specified source line. 3 Function_Profiler The function profiler counts how many times each function is entered, and keeps track of how much CPU time is used within each function. You should be careful about interpreting the results of profiles where there are inline functions. When a function is included as inline, then there is no call to the internal data collection routine used by the profiler, and thus there will be no record of this function being called. The compiler does generate a callable version of each inline function, and if this called version is used, then the profiler's data collection routine will be called. 2 /SCAN /SCAN=(file[,file...]) This qualifier supplies a list of files that will be read as input, and the output will be discarded before processing the regular input file. Because the output generated from the files is discarded, the only effect of this qualifier is to make the macros defined in the files available for use in the main input. 2 /SHOW /SHOW[=option] This causes the preprocessor to generate information other than the preprocessed input file. When this qualifier is used, no assembly code and no object file is generated. The output of the preprocessor is placed in the file specified by the /LIST qualifier, if present. If the /LIST qualifier is not present, then the output is placed in a file with the same name as the input file with an extension that depends upon which option that is selected. 3 DEFINITIONS This option causes the preprocessor to dump a list of all of the definitions to the output file. This is useful for debugging purposes, since it lets you determine whether or not everything has been defined properly. If the default file name is used for the output, the extension will be .DEF. 3 RULES This option causes the preprocessor to output a rule suitable for MAKE, describing the dependencies of the main source file. The preprocessor outputs one MAKE rule containing the object file name for that source file, a colon, and the names of all the concluded files. If there are many included files then the rule is split into several lines using the '\'-newline. When using this option, only files included with the "#include "file" directive are mentioned. If the default file name is used for the output, a null extension will be used. 3 ALL This option is similar to RULES, except that it also mentions files included with the "#include <file.h>" directive. If the default file name is used for the output, a null extension will be used. 2 /UNDEFINE /UNDEFINE cancels a macro definition. Thus, it is the same as the #undef preprocessor directive. If more than one /UNDEFINE is present on the GCC command line, only the last /UNDEFINE is used. If both /DEFINE and /UNDEFINE are present on a command line, /DEFINE is evaluated before /UNDEFINE. 2 /VERBOSE Controls whether the user sees the invocation command strings for the preprocessor, compiler, and assembler. The compiler also outputs some statistics on time spent in its various phases. 2 /VERSION Causes the preprocessor and the compiler to identify themselves by their version numbers, and in the case of the compiler, the version number of the compiler that built it. 2 /WARNING When this qualifier is present, warnings about usage that should be avoided are given by the compiler. For more information, see "Using and Porting the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)", in the section on command line options, under "-Wall". Warnings are also generated by the preprocessor when this qualifier is given. 2 Known_Incompatibilities_with_VAX-C There are several known incompatibilities between GNU-C and VAX-C. Some common ones will be briefly described here. A complete description can be found in "Using and Porting the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)" in the chapter entitled "Using GCC on VMS". GNU-C provides case hacking as a means of giving case sensitivity to symbol names. The case hack is a hexadecimal number appended to the symbol name, with a bit being set for each upper case letter. Symbols with all lower case, or symbols that have a dollar sign ("$") are not case hacked. There are times that this is undesirable, namely when you wish to link your program against a precompiled library which was compiled with a non-GNU-C compiler. X-windows (or DECWindows) is an example of this. In these instances, the /NOCASE_HACK switch should be used. If you require case hacking in some cases, but not in others (i.e. Libg++ with DECWindows), then it is recommended that you develop a header file which will define all mixed case functions that should not have a case hack as the lower case equivalents. GNU-C does not provide the globaldef and globalref mechanism which is used by VAX-C to coerce the VMS linker to include certain object modules from a library. There are assembler hacks, which are available to the user through the macros defined in gnu_hacks.h, which effectively give you the ability to perform these functions. While not syntactically identical, they do provide most of the functionality. Note that globaldefs of enums is not supported in the way that it is under VAX-C. This can be easily simulated, however, by globaldefing an integer variable, and then globalvaluing all of the enumerated states. Furthermore, the way that globalvalue is currently implemented, the data type of the globalvalue variable is seen to the compiler to be a pointer to the data type that you specify. This is necessary in order to make the compiler correctly address the globalvalue variables. | <urn:uuid:01ae1d1d-f97d-420b-a8d9-926b83fcea12> | 2013-05-24T01:45:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Electrochemical and magnetic resonance studies of tertiary phosphine complexes of nickel
Abstract (Summary)Restricted Item. Print thesis available in the University of Auckland Library or available through Inter-Library Loan. In this thesis is presented the results of a study of di-tertiary phosphine compounds, their quaternary derivatives and various of their nickel(II) complexes using electrochemical and magnetic resonance methods. In chapters one and two are presented relevant literature reviews. An outline of relevant theory and the experimental technique used are given in chapters three and four respectively. The synthesis and characterisation, by 1H nmr and 31P nmr and elemental analysis, of several reported and hitherto unreported di-tertiary phosphines, their quaternary derivatives and their nickel(II) complexes is described in chapter five. The synthesis of cis- and trans-1,2-C2H2(PPh2)2, was found to be non-stereospecific, whereas the contrary had previously been reported. New so-termed unsymmetrical di-tertiary phosphines were synthesised. These compounds and their quaternary and nickel(II) derivatives exhibited AB quartets as their 31P nmr spectra from which chemical shifts and coupling constants were directly obtained. In chapter six the 1H nmr and 31P nmr spectral parameters of the compounds synthesised are quantitatively discussed. The coordination chemical shift and the ring effect for one group of compounds was investigated. The 400 MHz 31P nmr spectrum of one compound was conclusively assigned to two unique AA'BB' spin systems. Another compound exhibited a line pattern suggestive of a one-ended dissociation of a coordinated ligand to produce a three-coordinate complex. The redox processes of the (diphosphino)nickel(II)(dithiolate) complexes prepared, and the esr parameters of their electrogenerated redox products were investigated, and are presented in chapter seven. These complexes exhibited quasi-reversible one-electron reduction processes to form stable nickel(I) complexes. The unique, successive one-electron transfer processes of two new dinuclear nickel(II) complexes were observed and investigated. The factors which produce these effects were discussed. One compound was observed to undergo an oxidation process to produce a species tentatively assignable as a nickel(II)-stabilised coordinated di-phosphorus radical cation, with observed hyperfine coupling to two inequivalent 31P nuclei. It was observed that systematic variations in the chelate ring size, chelate linkage, and the number and type of alkyl substituents on the phosphorus nuclei produced systematic variations in the reduction potentials and esr parameters obtained for these [(diphosphino)nickel(II)(dithiolate)]n complexes and their nickel(I) redox products. The (diphosphino)NiS2C2Ph2 complexes studied exhibited one or two one-electron oxidation processes, and esr spectra typical of nickel(II)-stabilised coordinated dithioketyl complexes. One such complex was assigned to undergo rapid dimer formation upon freezing. The production of [(diphosphino)2Ni(I)]+ complexes from the reaction of [(diphosphino)2Ni(II)]2+ complexes and [Ni(S2C2R2)2]- complexes, R = CN and Ph, was observed and concluded to be due to an electron transfer process more complex than that involving an outer-shell mechanism. Presented in chapter eight is an investigation of the redox properties of the complexes of general form [(L-L)2Ni(II)]2+, [(L-L)2Ni(X)]+, (VPP)NiX2, and [(trans-VPP)NiX2]n, L-L = a diphosphino moiety, and X = halogen or SCN, and the esr parameters of their redox products. The successive one-electron redox processes which some of these complexes exhibited were quantitatively investigated, and comparisons were made with the other nickel(II) complexes studied. Several nickel(III) complexes were produced in-situ, and from the resulting esr spectra, assignments of the molecular structures of the complexes were made.
School Location:New Zealand
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Date of Publication:01/01/1987 | <urn:uuid:6b1001c7-4d18-4b97-82e2-e8bc3862e196> | 2013-05-24T01:51:40Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Servings: Makes about 4 servings
In a small saucepan, bring milk and cream to a boil, monitoring it closely so it doesn't boil over. Remove from the heat. Add lavender, and allow lavender to infuse the cream for one hour at room temperature. Strain mixture into a clean saucepan. Bring to a boil again and remove from heat.
Preheat oven to 275°F. In a mixing bowl, whisk the yolks and granulated sugar until just combined. Temper the egg mixture by very slowly whisking a small amount of warm lavender cream into the eggs. Take your time with this step so that the yolks don't scramble. Once the egg mixture and cream are roughly the same temperature, whisk the remaining egg mixture into the cream.
Divide custard among four 4-ounce ramekins. Place ramekins in a baking dish or roasting pan. Fill dish or pan with water so that water comes halfway up the sides of the ramekins and transfer to the oven rack. Bake for 25 to 35 minutes. During the last 10 minutes, check frequently for doneness: when fully baked, the crème brûlées will be firm and will wiggle just slightly when shaken. Remove ramekins from water bath and refrigerate until chilled, at least 2 hours.
Before serving, sprinkle each dessert with 1 1/2 tablespoons turbinado sugar. If you own a propane torch, hold the torch about 8 inches from the custard's surface and flame the sugar into a golden brown, brittle curst. Alternatively, place ramekins under a preheated broiler and broil until sugar has caramelized, 1 to 3 minutes. Watch carefully: sugar turns from light brown to black quickly. Serve immediately.
Published on January 01, 2006 | <urn:uuid:fe1004a3-d7a0-4768-a010-b349fa1c9667> | 2013-05-24T01:44:40Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Oprah: As a country, what kind of action should we guard against in our anger?
Madeleine: We should guard against wholesale revenge—it doesn't get you anywhere. I do think there should be military action. The question is, "Who deserves it and where should it be? And how do we approach those states that give support to terrorist groups, even if those groups had nothing to do with this attack?" The time has come for those states to understand that if they want to be part of the international system, they have to follow the rules of that system by dealing with the extremists in their own societies. As strong as the United States is, we can't deal with terrorism alone.
We need to understand that this is a long-term problem that will require a lot of strength to handle. And given that innocent civilians have died, the issue now is whether we'll be willing to accept that some American military may have to sacrifice their lives to make the rest of us free.
Oprah: How can we balance our liberties as Americans with the need for increased security measures?
Madeleine: We'll all have to deal with longer lines and more questions. But as a country what we can't do is decide to close down and trust no one.
Oprah: What is the role of government in all of this?
Madeleine: I am a believer in the idea that government is on the side of the people, not on the backs of the people. We have to see that the government is helping us by trying to develop rules to make our country safer. What none of us want is an authoritarian country in which we all have to wear identification cards around our necks.
Oprah: Do you believe we can heal the wounds of September 11?
Madeleine: I do. There is a strength and spirit in Americans that is rare and unparalleled anywhere in the world. We have a resilience that most people don't have, and trials bring out the best in us. What happened on September 11 will be seared into our brains forever. But I believe that we will move beyond this. We have to.
We Hear You! | <urn:uuid:f2245cbc-885b-44df-830f-13297834ba35> | 2013-05-24T01:52:12Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Ask Oprah's All Stars
Check Your Local Listings!
Ask Oprah's All Stars - Is This Normal?
Suze, I want to teach my 16 year-old daughter to become financially responsible and to start building good credit. Is it normal to give my teenager a credit card?
Suze Orman: Is it normal to give a kid a credit card? Maybe yes, Maybe no. Here's the real question, is it wise? And I don't think it is especially if they're fifteen or sixteen years of age. I understand that you wanna build credit for your child, so here is the best way for you to do it. If you yourself, girlfriend, have good FICO scores, meaning you have FICO scores that are 720 or above, all you have to do is put your child's name on all of your credit cards as an authorized user. Don't tell them that you've done that. Don't let them have your credit cards. They never need to know, but then your FICO score or credit score becomes theirs.
Published on November 04, 2011 | <urn:uuid:ea287c93-3467-4761-90e4-ef6322643b66> | 2013-05-24T02:06:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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When sisters-in-law Angela and Candice Chaffee of Fort Wayne, Indiana, received the $2,000 from Oprah's Pay It Forward Challenge, they decide to help give a woman her smile back.
Sandra Byrd has periodontal disease, an infection of the gums and bone caused by plaque, which forced her to have all her teeth removed. She works two jobs to support herself and doesn't have money to replace her teeth with the dentures that she needs. When Angela and Candice hear Sandra's story, they step in and help!
They contact Dr. Todd Saalfrink—the dentist who removed Sandra's teeth for free—to ask for his help again. Sandra's new dentures will cost about $3,000. Angela and Candice contribute $1,000 and Dr. Saalfrank takes care of the remaining $2,000.
Dr. Saalfrank calls Sandra to schedule a "follow-up appointment" and surprises her with the good news. "We're going to give her a beautiful smile and just do the best job we can, and make her gain some self-confidence again, too," he says. Sandra is overwhelmed. "Thanks a lot. There's no way I could have done this on my own. Thanks a lot," Sandra says.
Candice and Angela use the remainder of their challenge money to help an Indiana couple fly to Thailand to adopt a 2-year-old orphan. They also buy a keyboard, stereo, karaoke machine and digital cameras for their local Boys & Girls Club.
Angela says doing the challenge was the greatest gift of all. "It's better than any material thing I could ever receive." Candice says, "I just wish I would have done something like this with my own money earlier."
Read more Pay It Forward Challenge stories! | <urn:uuid:c30aa2d1-d2cb-4cca-9809-22ce6944c297> | 2013-05-24T01:45:22Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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2.0 Developing Operations Objectives
Operations objectives and their associated performance measures are the focal point for integrating operations into the planning process. They are contained in the MTP and guide the discussion about operations in the region. While goals relate to the overall vision or desired end-result, operations objectives are specific and measurable. Unlike goals, progress toward an operations objective and its achievement can be evaluated with performance measures.
Regional goals reflect the region's values and vision for the future, and operations objectives should be developed to support one or more regional goals. This ensures that projects developed based on operations objectives are responding to the explicit values and overall goals for the region. Operations objectives describe what needs to occur to accomplish a regional goal. The operations objectives state what a region plans to achieve concerning the operational performance of the transportation system and help to determine what strategies and investments to include in the MTP.
Operations objectives typically place a focus on issues of congestion, reliability, safety and security, incident management, and work zone management, among other issues. Operations objectives aim to "optimize the performance of existing [and planned] infrastructure through the implementation of multimodal and intermodal, cross-jurisdictional systems, services, and projects designed to preserve capacity and improve security, safety, and reliability of the transportation system."7
2.1 Outcome-Based and Activity-Based Operations Objectives
The operations objectives contained in Section 3 range from objectives that focus on high-level outcomes, such as system reliability, to objectives that focus on low-level operations activities, such as signal timing. Operations objectives span a continuum between outcome-oriented (higher order) to activity-oriented (lower order) objectives. While there is not a strict boundary between the two primary orientations, most fit within one label or the other.
Given that the fundamental purpose of M&O strategies is to improve the transportation system, operations objectives that guide operations throughout the plan are preferably described in terms of those system performance outcomes experienced by users. Aspects of system performance experienced by the user include travel times, travel time reliability, and access to traveler information. The public cares about these measures, and, in many regions, data may be available to develop specific outcome-based operations objectives. Regions also may develop operations objectives that are activity-based and support desired system performance outcomes. Planners may find that the activity-based objectives are more appropriate for guiding the development of specific sections of the MTP or for use in supporting documents such as the regional concept for transportation operations. All lower level, activity-oriented operations objectives should support an existing outcome-oriented operations objective, providing a simple check to make sure that operations activities are performed in pursuit of a system performance outcome.
By establishing one or more activity-based objectives for each outcome-based objective, planners and operators further define how each outcome-based objective can be accomplished. Planners and operators can develop specific M&O strategies or actions to support the objectives and, in turn, the goals by examining how the activity-based objectives can be accomplished.
2.2 Characteristics of Operations Objectives
By creating specific, measurable objectives for operations, regions can use these operations objectives for making investment decisions as well as tracking progress. An operations objective should have the SMART characteristics defined below:
- Specific. The objective provides sufficient specificity (e.g., decrease travel time delay) to guide formulating viable approaches to achieving the objective without dictating the approach.
- Measurable. The objective facilitates quantitative evaluation (e.g., by 10 percent), saying how many or how much should be accomplished. Tracking progress against the objective enables an assessment of the effectiveness of an action or set of actions.
- Agreed. Planners, operators, and relevant planning participants come to a consensus on a common objective. This is most effective when the planning process involves a wide range of stakeholders to facilitate regional collaboration and coordination.
- Realistic. The objective can reasonably be accomplished within the limitations of resources and other demands. The objective may require substantial coordination, collaboration, and investment to achieve. Because determining the realism of the objective cannot occur until after strategies and costs are defined, the objective may need to be adjusted to be achievable.
- Time-Bound. The objective identifies a timeframe within which it will be achieved (e.g., within 5 years). By selecting a performance target as part of the operations objective, regions make decisions knowing the degree of improvement they are striving for rather than just the direction of improvement. For example, the objective of "decrease travel time delay" conveys direction ("decrease") but does not indicate the desired degree of improvement. The objective "decrease travel time delay by 10 percent within 5 years" gives the region a specific and measurable target to reach.
It is common for metropolitan transportation plans to have more general objectives relating to the performance of the transportation system, such as, "Relieve congestion on the freeway and arterial systems in the region." This example objective provides the direction—to relieve congestion— but does not express to what degree it must be relieved to be met.
To make this objective SMART, it must define congestion in measurable terms. One measure used for congestion is the travel time index that compares travel during peak periods to travel at free flow or the posted speed limit. In addition, the objective needs a performance target for the region, such as a 0.10-point reduction in the index. The objective also must establish the timeframe in which it must be accomplished. Establishing a realistic objective and reaching agreement on it must be done within the context of the region and the participating organizations. Using the SMART characteristics as a guide, the general operations objective, "Relieve congestion on the freeway and arterial systems in the region" can be transformed into a SMART objective: "Reduce the regional average travel time index on freeways and arterials in the region by 0.10 points within 10 years."
Incorporating SMART operations objectives into the MTP provides the opportunity for decisionmakers to invest in near-term, relatively low-cost operations strategies that provide immediate improvements to the transportation system. These can complement longer-term improvement strategies that may require time to study and fund. Thus, it would be appropriate for an operations objective to have a timeframe that is shorter than the horizon year of the MTP. The cyclical updates required of these plans provide the logical opportunities to determine if adjustments are needed to the timeframe or degree of the objective and help determine whether different or additional actions are appropriate.
2.3 Scope of Operations Objectives
An operations objective is the product of many decisions. As mentioned in the previous section, those who draft the objective must decide on what they want to improve or maintain, the direction of that improvement (e.g., increase), the degree of improvement desired (e.g., by 25 percent), and the timeframe for reaching the objective (e.g., within 10 years).
In determining what to improve, several dimensions often come into consideration. These dimensions determine the scope of the operations objective. One or more of the following dimensions may need to be addressed while developing or refining the objective. In using the menu of objectives in the next section, the dimensions of the objective can be tailored to specific needs of the region.
- Area. This dimension defines the spatial aspect of the objective. What is the geographic area of focus? Does the objective aim to make improvements for the entire region, urban centers, corridors, freight-significant highways, work zones near major activity centers in the region, or another area?
- Time. What are the time periods of interest for operational improvements? Is there a focus on peak periods, off-peak periods, weekdays, during certain events, or other times? Frequently, operations objectives aim to make improvements during all time periods.
- Mode and Facility Type. Is the objective mode-neutral or does it target one or more specific modes such as walking, bicycling, public transit, or facility types such as highways/arterials, rails, or local connectors?
- User Type. Is there a particular transportation system user type that is the focus of this operations objective? Does the objective center on freight companies, single-occupancy vehicle drivers, transit-only travelers, or others?
While defining operations objectives, developers must consider how best to measure progress toward the objective because this impacts how the objective is stated and, subsequently, the improvements that are made. This process includes considerations such as whether the improvements are measured per person, per vehicle, per facility, or for the total population. Does the region want to improve the average performance or make strides toward reducing the worst performance? These are strategic decisions that must be made when developing operations objectives.
In the menu of objectives in Section 3, the scope of the objective can be adjusted along these dimensions to fit a region's specific needs.
2.4 Connecting Operations Objectives
Using the structure of a tree to develop operations objectives and ensure that the supporting connections exist is a common technique in strategic planning and systems analysis. The method of developing an objectives tree is more fully described in other resources,8 but an example can be found in Figure 2, which illustrates the parts of an objectives tree. For the sake of brevity, the operations objectives are not written as full SMART objectives in the figure.
The objectives tree concept can be put to use in developing a logical set of operations objectives and in understanding the necessary connections between goals, operations objectives, and management and operations strategies. An objective tree illustrates the logical hierarchy that exists between outcome-based objectives and activity-based objectives. It can be used to connect regional goals to objectives and objectives to M&O strategies. It is also helpful in thinking through the interactions between operations objectives.
An objectives tree begins with a broad goal or high-order objective relating to the performance of the transportation system. This objective answers the question, "What do we ultimately want to achieve?" Examples may focus on improved system reliability, efficiency, system options, or high service quality. In the example shown in Figure 2, the tree begins with the broad goal, "Improve system reliability." Based on that goal, the higher-order, outcome-based objective, "Reduce nonrecurring delay" was formed. This is how the region aims to achieve its goal of improving system reliability. From this high-order objective, the developers form more specific and detailed operations objectives that answer the question, "How can this objective be accomplished?" These detailed or lower order objectives are then linked to the higher order objective. This process is repeated for each goal or high-order objective until the developers reach the point where the lower order operations objectives can be acted upon. These are typically activity-oriented operations objectives that can be readily addressed through one or more M&O strategies. Lower order operations objectives connected to a higher operations objective answer the question of how that higher objective can be accomplished. Similarly, the higher operations objective answers the question of why the lower objective should be accomplished. M&O strategies can be placed below each of the lowest objectives in the tree to indicate which strategies are needed to accomplish those objectives. In Figure 2, the M&O strategy of "Organize additional regional coordinated incident response teams to cover six more corridors" stems from one of the activity-based objectives.
Regions can select which operations objectives in the objectives tree are most important to be included in the MTP or other planning documents. Outcome-oriented objectives such as those that may be near the top of an objectives tree are used to guide the operations elements of the entire plan. Activity-based objectives are used in specific sections to guide the development of M&O strategies.
Figure 2. Example of an Objectives Tree
2.5 Using Objectives to Identify and Select M&O Strategies
Operations objectives are used within the regional transportation planning process to help select strategies that will be included in the MTP and corresponding TIP. This occurs through a systematic process in which objectives lead to performance measures, data collection and analysis, and identification and prioritization of strategies. Each of the sample objectives in Section 3 identifies sample performance measures; anticipated data needs, data resources, and partners; and M&O strategies to consider.9 Specifically, developing operations objectives leads to performance measures that can be used to assess and track regional system performance. These regional performance measures can be tracked and forecasted under various plan scenarios. By identifying specific and measurable performance outcomes, operations objectives also can lead to developing performance measures at a micro level, such as to determine the performance of corridors, road segments, intersections, or transit routes. For instance, while an operations objective might include a specific target for regional delay, different thresholds can be used to define unacceptable delay within the region based on location (e.g., urban or suburban), facility type (e.g., freeway, high occupancy vehicle [HOV] lane, transit route, arterial), and time period (e.g., peak commute periods, periods of special events).
Data are needed to use performance measures. Consequently, collecting data for performance measures is a key step in the planning process. Limitations in data are often a concern in selecting performance measures, particularly since MPOs typically are not responsible for operating the transportation system. However, many types of data currently are being collected by MPOs (e.g., census data on journeys to work, population, traffic counts, travel times). A wealth of data is being collected by transportation system operators, such as transit agencies, State DOTs, local transportation agencies, and toll authorities. It particular, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), such as toll tag readers, video detector systems, and traffic management systems, offer the opportunity for more detailed data to be used in planning, enabling analysis of issues such as variations in travel speeds. MPOs can team with agencies to collect and use the data.
An analysis of system- and corridor-level deficiencies (e.g., problems in specific parts of the region and corridors, times of year, or types of trips) and financial constraints should be used to help identify and select specific M&O strategies to include in the MTP and TIP. The assessment should consider cost-effectiveness in meeting operations objectives along with co-benefits, such as improved safety, and ability to support other regional goals. Analysis tools, such as sketch planning tools, travel demand forecasting model post-processors, and simulation modeling may be used to help forecast system deficiencies and analyze the potential benefits of operations strategies.
It is important to recognize that M&O strategies may be implemented as individual programs or projects, such as a regional incident management system, traveler information system, or transit smart card. They also can be implemented as part of transportation preservation projects, safety projects, or capacity improvements. For instance, as part of any new highway expansion, it may be useful to consider the role of transportation pricing, HOV lanes, flexible design to accommodate concurrent flows of traffic, or demand management programs.
7 Excerpted from the definition of transportation systems management and operations (TSM&O) in the SAFETEA-LU Technical Corrections Act of 2008 that amended Section 101(a) of Title 23 U.S.C. Return to note 7.
8 The specific strategies to be included within a plan should be based on analysis of the conditions in each metropolitan area. Return to note 8. | <urn:uuid:9921af91-1e32-44d9-aca4-09bab1195926> | 2013-05-24T01:51:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The orangutan is the only strictly arboreal ape and the largest tree-living mammal in the world.
Although other apes do climb and build sleeping nests in the trees, they are primarily terrestrial (spending their lives on the ground).
Even the bright reddish-brown hair colour is unique to the orangutan.
They have the most remarkable ability to travel through the forest treetops. Each night building a new nest out of leaves and branches in the very tops of the trees – sometimes as much as 100 feet above the ground.
Almost all of the food they eat grow in the treetops and the frequent rains fill the leaves, supplying them with drinking water.
When water is difficult to find, they chew leaves to make a sponge to soak up the droplets in tree cavities. Although, when it rains hard, they might make an umbrella for out of big leaves.
Some might say orangutans have four hands instead of two hands and two feet.
These appendages make them graceful and agile while climbing through the trees, but makes walking on the ground somewhat slow and awkward. This is why they are at a great disadvantage on the ground, and rarely comes down from the treetops.
Recent studies show that some orangutans fashion tools to aid in the difficult task of foraging for food and have even been observed using sticks to catch fishing lines.
Orangutans emit a variety of calls and vocalisation including the 'long call' of males to attract females or discourage other males and the kiss-squeak, often made when observers get too close.
To hear these and other calls, visit the Zurich's University Anthropological Institute & Museum here.
For recent news articles on orangutan behaviour, click here.
Photos: Sue Floyed, Fleur Butcher | <urn:uuid:d3e0020c-8a57-4e78-8fee-c63d42c3c786> | 2013-05-24T01:57:37Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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He did his sound check while keeping an eye on the Minnesota Twins game on the television over by the bar. Then he went and politely asked the bartender to turn off the game while he was on stage. Hard enough when it's just the singer and the guitar and an audience. "It's kind of a big game," the bartender said.
Anderson, being a baseball fan, knew there was no such thing as a big game in April. He also knew there wasn't a thing to do but compete with the baseball game.
Prediction for a tour upcoming: That won't happen again.
"Finally, I'm in a band that can overpower a baseball game," Anderson says. "We're louder than Vin Scully."
He laughs because "Louder Than Vin Scully" would be a great name for a record.
Instead, the new one is called "Heart of a Dog," and for a guy who's collected Americana cred over the past few years, it's a fascinating record for what it lacks: There isn't a single acoustic guitar to be found on the record.
"It's OK to just like rock'n'roll records," Anderson says. "And it's OK to just make rock'n'roll records."
So he did.
There's some physics involved here. For every action, there's an equal and opposite reaction. Touring "Nowhere Nights" and, before that, "The Reckoning," Anderson did a lot of interviews. In every one, he had to discuss "the Steve Earle thing" -- the thing about how he at times sounds like Steve Earle, is clearly influenced by Steve Earle and, in conclusion: Steve Earle.
Anderson called Andrew McKeag up in Seattle. "I said, 'I'm stuck. I have to get out of it,'" Anderson says. McKeag, who's played with the Long Winters and the Presidents of the United States of America, came to Portland to record -- prepared for a "singer-songwritery thing."
"I brought acoustics," McKeag said.
Anderson says he had two rules as they recorded the record: No acoustic guitars, and he didn't care what the band played, but it had to be interesting. Anderson refused to play guitar on the record, he says, because he didn't want it to sound like everyone was following him.
"He'd say, 'You've got to just play,'" McKeag says. "You're hanging on by a thread because you barely know the tunes. We had a lot of fun making the record."
What resulted was the straight rock'n'roll record Anderson wanted. "The Wrong Light" opens "Heart of a Dog" with a searing guitar riff (courtesy of Eric Ambel, who produced Anderson's last three records). "Kasey Anderson's Dream" tips its hat to Dylan, and "Mercy" owes much to Keith Richards (if you're going to pick up an electric guitar, you eventually have to play a Richards riff. What fun would it be otherwise?).
"I have a long-standing theory that if you ever picked up an electric guitar, you wanted to be a rock star; therefore, you're not allowed to act like you didn't want to," says McKeag, who went to Beaverton High School.
By the time it was finished, the band had done so much work Anderson couldn't make it just a Kasey Anderson record. He needed a name. "It (stinks) that the Band is already taken," he told McKeag. Then Anderson remembered an earlier option the Band had considered: the Honkies.
He asked McKeag how much flak they'd catch for it. McKeag pointed out that the reason Anderson had self-produced a record that broke from what people were expecting from Anderson was because he wanted to do what he wanted to do without concern for what other people thought.
And so Kasey Anderson and the Honkies will hit the road next year with McKeag on guitar, Eric Corson (Long Winters) on bass and drummer Mike Musberger, who's played with pretty much every cool band in Seattle.
After the band's first show in Seattle, Anderson says McKeag pulled him aside to suggest a different equipment.
"My electric guitar is on 2," McKeag told him. "You're going to need a real amp." | <urn:uuid:09d0386c-2abe-40f4-8b04-1125f429ee48> | 2013-05-24T01:59:25Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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It was before the First World War, when, for the first time in the world, ration cards were invented, and he had gone to take his ration. He was standing in a line and people went on moving forward. When his number came and he was at the front of the line, they called again and again, “Thomas Alva Edison, is there anybody by the name of Thomas Alva Edison?” And he looked here and there: who is this Thomas Alva Edison?
One neighbor standing behind, far back in the line, said, “What are you looking at? You are Thomas Alva Edison, I know you.”
He said, “If you say so, then certainly I must be, because you are such a nice guy, you can’t lie.”
What happened to him? How did he forget his name? Even standing in the queue for the ration card, he was not there. He was in the world of electricity. He was figuring out things which had no concern with the place where he was standing or with the ration card or with the person named Thomas Alva Edison.
It is said… Perhaps it is just a joke, but it is possible that if a man can forget his own name it may be true and not a joke. He was going on a journey. He kissed his maidservant thinking she was his wife, and patted his wife thinking she was the maidservant. They both were shocked. But he said, “What is the matter? Why are you both looking shocked? Aren’t you my wife and isn’t she my maidservant?” And he was not joking; he was simply not there.
Obsession means you are possessed by some idea so totally that everything else becomes absolutely unimportant, everything else falls into darkness. Only one spot remains lighted, and it goes on growing narrower and narrower and narrower. That’s the way of discovery. When it comes to be the narrowest, you have found the center for which you have been looking for years. But when your focus is narrowing, and when the circle of your focus is becoming smaller and smaller, what about you? You are also becoming narrower and narrower – one-pointed. The whole universe disappears for you.
The scientist is bound to be obsessed: the greater the scientist, the bigger the obsession. Hence, obsession is not a disease for a scientist, it is absolutely necessary. It is his way of working. If you relieve him of his obsession he will be an ordinary man, not a scientist.
It is defined, that science knows more and more about less and less. The object of knowledge becomes less and less, and your knowledge of it becomes more and more. If the definition is stretched to its logical conclusion, it means science ultimately will come to a point where it knows everything about nothing. That will be the logical conclusion.
And science is coming closer to that point where it knows all about nothing, because “less and less” is finally going to become nothing. And knowledge about “more and more” is finally going to become all. | <urn:uuid:7368c8fb-18ee-45a2-8e1b-9991c18bce74> | 2013-05-24T02:06:04Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Science is Human
As early as 1959, the Press had decided to produce major books on the understanding that the University would be able to sell English and hopefully American rights. This decision was based on the realities of the market-place: UOP was young, small, and not equipped for distributing world-wide. Hugh Parton's Science is Human, a hardback of 124 pages retailing at $4.50, was produced to celebrate his retirement as Mellor Professor of Chemistry. In late March 1990, he answered a query on it: 'I am surprised to know anything remains of it. I cannot recall any royalties on it, and had no reason to expect any, as it was organized by two of my former students [Panckhurst]. I hope you can eliminate the remaining stock.' He ended his letter: 'Good wishes to the O. U. Press.' | <urn:uuid:3a98da8f-c1d4-4959-9473-b30fe2b4efb9> | 2013-05-24T01:36:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Growth Of Anahuac
Child of mud, of struggle, of sweat and of dirt and of heat and of hunger
Y del sol y del viento, del mar y del fuego
In Atl, in Ehecatl, in Tlalli in Tletl
Were I to see you grow!!!
Were I to see you grow?
What would I say if I saw you standing strong?
Would I still know you?
Would I cry to see the glory of your humanity?
No. There is no going back. There is no growing back.
Fly strong like the kuautli and the condor, like the ome and the teotl.
Hij@ del zoquete, you shall grow hard like the tekpatl and soft like the xochitl
From your slumber shall you awake?
From your slumber you shall awake.
And there you shall stand HandInHandWithOtherClans As a Natural And Free Hue-Man
You crawl today and fly tomorrow. | <urn:uuid:7f038373-ae73-4c61-81da-00976033a488> | 2013-05-24T01:44:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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is a village in Genesee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 882 at the 2000 census. The village is within Forest Township.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.5 km² (1.0 mi²). 2.3 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it (9.28%) is water. | <urn:uuid:9eedf0a9-9aa2-4430-aeb5-c6f380bbde5b> | 2013-05-24T01:44:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Lagos- Nigeria (PANA) -- Nigeria's failure to advance beyond the group stage of the 2010 World Cup in South Africa has re-opened the debate over the hiring of foreign coaches for the national team, the Super Eagles.
Though he qualified the Eagles for the World Cup, local coach Shaibu Amodu was dropped in favour of 61-year-old Swedish coach, Lars Lagerback, who bagged a mouth-watering US$1.
8 million, five-month contract to take the team to the World Cup.
However, with a salary of US$360,000 per month, Lagerback could not lead his team to a single victory in the three matches it played at the group stage, strengthening the hands of those opposed to the hiring of foreign coaches.
Nigeria lost 1-0 to Argentina, 2-1 to Greece and managed to get a draw against South Korea, thus crashing out in the first round of the first World Cup to be held in Africa.
''No amount of spin or hype by the NFA (Nigeria Football Association) and its compromised so-called stakeholders will change the fact that they and the Super Eagles Technical Adviser Lars Lagerback have finally taken our football back to the 1950s,'' Adokiye Amiesimaka, a former national team player, wrote in his newspaper column.
``We have denied our own Shaibu Amodu the opportunity of taking the team he qualified for the World Cup to the prestigious tournament, and gifted that privilege to a foreigner that could not qualify his star-studded native country to the same tournament,'' he added.
Lagerback's supporters argue, however, that he had a limited time to prepare the team for the World, and that his contract should be extended so he can build a new team.
Nigerians have also described the huge money spent on the coach and the team as a colossal waste.
''Nigeria has invested close to one billion naira for this event.
All that has gone to the wind without anything to show for it.
I think the team should be disbanded and preparation for the next event should begin earlier,'' said a disappointed fan, Friday Ugochukwu.
On Wednesday, local newspapers lamented the Super Eagles early ouster from the World Cup, despite their football pedigree.
The GUARDIAN newspaper, writing under the headline ''Nigeria's World Cup run ends in shame'', perhaps best captured the general mood.
The paper wrote: ''Nigeria’s participation at the ongoing FIFA 2010 World Cup came to a sad end yesterday with the 2-2 against South Korea depicting the sorry state of the nation with so much resources and potential but yet failed to deliver when it matters.
''Even when God made it easy with Argentina’s 2-0 defeat of Greece, the Nigerians failed to raise their game and spurned the chance of making it to the second round.
It was an agonizing end to a campaign, which went wrong from the opening game with a loss to Argentina, a defeat to Greece, with the now infamous kickout to a Greece player by Sanni Kaita, which earned him a red card and a harrowing draw against South Korea.
'' ''Nigeria crashes out of World Cup'' (DAILY INDEPENDENT); ''Nigeria Out!'' (TRIBUNE); ''Eagles crash out of World Cup'' (THE SUN) and ''Finally, Nigeria bows out of World Cup'' (THE VANGUARD) were some of the other headlines. | <urn:uuid:3a68836e-9424-4a6b-b1d4-dcfa8c102ee6> | 2013-05-24T01:59:08Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Curtis & MaryAnn
We are set to adopt a baby boy due on November 10 from a truly special woman. This adoption process has been more enjoyable than either one of us could have ever imagined. Our birth mother is so great she's almost to good to be true but the crazy things is that she feels the same way about us. Thank you Parent Profiles for being the avenue which allowed Lara to find more ...
When you are pregnant, you want what is best for your baby. The best place to start is to be sure that you are doing everything you can to provide yourself with nutritious foods that can help you maintain a healthy pregnancy. Good nutrition can be an important step to getting your baby here healthy and safe.
A pregnant woman on average can expect to gain between 25 and 35 pounds during pregnancy. Most pregnancies take about 300 extra calories per day, but be sure to follow whatever your physician advises. Making sure you are taking in the right nutrients with a balanced diet of vegetables, proteins, fruits, whole grains and dairy.
According to the March of Dimes a good guideline for nutrition during pregnancy is as follows: * 3 to 5 servings of vegetables * 2 to 4 servings of fruits * 3 to 4 servings of meats or proteins * 4 to 6 servings of dairy or dairy products * 6 to 11 servings of breads or whole grains * 6 to 8 glasses of water
While pregnant, it is crucial to be sure that you are getting all of the vitamins needed to help your fetus develop. Your doctor may prescribe a daily prenatal vitamin or you may decide to take an over the counter vitamin which also can give you the necessary supplement.
Sometimes it may also be suggestion by your physician during your pregnancy that you take an iron supplement. During pregnancy, your body increases its amount of absorption of iron. Low iron during pregnancy can lead to anemia, which can be dangerous for both you and your unborn child.
The bottom line is, you want to be sure you do everything you can to provide a wonderfully nutritious lifestyle for you and your unborn child during your pregnancy. A healthy start is a great start. | <urn:uuid:40fae57b-a4dc-432d-a3ea-195b34495aea> | 2013-05-24T02:06:01Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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"Life With a Battery-Operated Brain, A Patient
Why would anyone say "Let's stick wires into someone's brain, run voltage through it, and see what happens!?" So asks Jackie Hunt Christensen in Life with a Battery-Operated Brain: A Patient's Guide to Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Parkinson's Disease. Author Christensen answers this question and more in her unique and comprehensive book, as she has firsthand knowledge of the procedure commonly referred to as DBS. She herself lived with Parkinson's disease for more than seven years before electing to be evaluated for DBS surgery. | <urn:uuid:dc6900b0-88ad-4fc6-929d-40519ffb1604> | 2013-05-24T01:36:54Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The One: Hey, I’ve got a great idea. I’m going to order that we have a look-a-like Air Force One, followed by a military fighter plane buzz the Statue of Liberty and the Financial District in lower Manhattan.
Potted Plant: Mr. President, I question whether that is a good idea. That is the place where the September 11th attacks took place and so many people were killed. I think it will frighten the workers in that area, particularly those who survived the September 11th attacks, as well as those who lost loved ones in the attacks.
The One: What the hell do you know? | <urn:uuid:9142a931-def1-4711-bc60-be47370d70be> | 2013-05-24T01:31:20Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Four people are chosen for the round and three of the four are taken out of the room. The one that remains is told to mime something such as the statue of liberty or barney the dinosaur. Before they start, a second person is brought into the room and told to watch. When the first demonstration is done, the first person is allowed to sit down and the third person is brought into the room. The second (who has just seen the demonstration) is told that they have to act out what they have just seen for the third person. After it's done, the fourth person enters and the scene is acted out again by the third person. | <urn:uuid:152d1ea0-68e2-4389-a5f2-22f7211a7d34> | 2013-05-24T01:31:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I'm trying to work on a kids show routine. I have had many ideas and I wanted help structuring them into something useful. I am not going to say "I bought a folding coin and a D'lite and I booked myself a show!" As I have not booked a show and I am not so stupid as to think I can structure a kids routine like that.
I guess I should list some ideas that I have had...
I was thinking a comic levitation, like I put a breathmint on the table and say I will float it into my mouth. Then it won't and I turn around to sulk while behind me, the mint is floating, the kids will scream and laugh and I will turn around and it will fall back down. I will repeat until I "notice" it and float it into my mouth (Using a hookup I invented, controlled by my foot
I had the idea that after that I explain that it was a magic mint and to watch, I would plant a mouth coil and pull out the streamers. I was also thinking of another use for mouth coils, perhaps "pulling" some streamers out of a kid's ear?
A mirror box was also on my list of ideas. Perhaps pulling a "magic wizard's hat" from it, then whenever I use volunteers, having them wear the hat, saying it gives them magic powers.
I was also thinking of a comic version of the coin in your ear trick. Perhaps I give a kid an envelope and some coins and ask him to put them in the envelope. Then they vanish and I tell him they are in his ear, I "look" in his ear, but can't find them. Then all of a sudden, all of the coins start pouring out of my ear in a stream (I can do this! I invented a gimmick!). I catch them and give them to the kids as souvenirs.
My rope routine: Cut and restored. I do it right, I then say I will do it again, I cut the rope and get a volunteer (Ask them to wear the hat?) and tell them to "magic" them back together. Of course they can't, so I tie the two pieces of rope into loops and do something I invented recently, a linking rings routine with rope (I call it linking strings
). For the final unlink, I will get the volunteer in the hat (still standing there) to hold them. Then have them open their hands to reveal the unlinked ropes.
I was thinking maybe a sponge ball routine with lots of kids involved.
I have many more ideas, but this is a long post, so if anyone can comment on these first, that would be great! | <urn:uuid:722001d6-bdd9-4972-a130-6ac1599e2b76> | 2013-05-24T01:51:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The attorney for Travis Weaver, the 30-year-old Ohio man who filed a lawsuit last year saying he too was abused by Jerry Sandusky, says he was almost adopted by the Sandusky family.
Weaver is known as alleged Victim 11 in the criminal grand jury investigation into child sex abuse by Sandusky, said attorney Marci Hamilton.
"It's striking, and it tells you how orchestrated Sandusky’s methods were," Hamilton said.
"None of it was accidental."
Weaver is telling his story tonight on NBC's "Rock Center" with Brian Williams.
But Hamilton acknowledged this afternoon that Sandusky wanted to adopt Weaver after Sandusky's youngest adopted son, Matt, said through his attorney that he is also a victim.
Matt Sandusky had been denying that he was abused since his biological mother testified before a grand jury last year.
His attorney said he decided last week to testify truthfully, if called to the witness stand by prosecutors at trial. That never happened, and so his attorney made the allegations of abuse public today.
Weaver was regularly at the Sandusky home around the time that Matt became a foster child for the Sandusky's. He was not adopted until he was an adult.
Weaver, in his lawsuit, alleges he was molested more than 100 times between 1992 and 1996.
Weaver remembers Matt Sandusky, Hamilton said. The kids all played together, she said. But, she said, Sandusky's wife Dottie "kind of kept them separate."
Beyond that, Weaver hasn't talked much about his relationship with Matt.
When contacted today, Sandusky's attorney, Karl Rominger said only, "(Matt's) lawyers know we're gagged and can't respond."
Hamilton said prosecutors haven't said whether they plan to file criminal charges in Weaver's case. They are focused right now on the ongoing trial.
The jury began deliberating on 48 counts today around 1:20 p.m. | <urn:uuid:f15db380-c48d-45b3-8e5b-442bfe58bf8d> | 2013-05-24T01:31:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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John Travolta Seeks Solitude in Tahiti
Travolta, 55, flew in from Australia on Saturday morning on his private 707 and stayed at the upscale Intercontinental Tahiti resort in a room with panoramic views. He was not spotted outside the room until he left the island Sunday evening, sources tell PEOPLE exclusively.
"He told the hotel manager, 'I don't want to see anyone. I only want to rest,' " a source tells PEOPLE.
The hotel's management would not confirm Travolta's visit.
Before flying off, he posed briefly for a picture with three tourist bureau greeters.
Since Jett, 16, died from a seizure disorder in January, Travolta and wife Kelly Preston have kept a low profile and tried to stay strong for their daughter, Ella Bleu, 9.
Travolta took his Polynesian respite four days after what would have been Jett's 17th birthday. Earlier in the week, Travolta and Preston vacationed in Melbourne for three days.
Tahiti is a familiar stomping ground for the Travoltas. The family included Tahiti in a long vacation in 2003, Preston told PEOPLE at the time.
A source who knows Travolta says of the actor, "He is still in mourning about his son. This is not easy and everyone has their own process. He's always there for his family but he is still healing." | <urn:uuid:6cdb92f5-074d-40ff-9560-ac3a5f93f313> | 2013-05-24T01:52:09Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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How Did Michael Phelps Fare in the 200-Meter Butterfly Heats?
Michael Phelps, whose Olympic campaign began disappointingly, made it to the semifinals of the 200-meter butterfly on Monday, an event in which he is the two-time defending gold medalist.
But he qualified in fifth place, three spots behind teammate Tyler Clary, with whom Phelps has something of a feud.
"I'm very happy with that swim," Phelps, 27, said afterwards, according to Reuters.
Clary, 23, who questioned Phelps's work ethic at training camp recently, was just as happy with his performance. "It felt fantastic," he said. "The time was faster than it was at trials. I hurt a heck of a lot more than I did at trials."
He added: "I said to myself coming into the third wall how well I felt so I'll see if I can bring it home. I am very, very excited. I hope I can go faster tonight. It felt like there was more there."
Asked about his earlier Phelps comments, Clary demurred. "[Phelps] said it almost perfectly," he said. "People are going to say what they want. Let's leave it there."
Dinko Jukic of Austria was the top qualifier with a time of 1:54.79, almost a second faster than Phelps.
The semifinals of the event take place later on Monday, with the final on Tuesday. | <urn:uuid:5bbe40d3-c404-4a0b-b1ed-0c9bd693fec1> | 2013-05-24T01:58:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The supplied login was invalid please try again
Ryan Gosling's latest film Only God Forgives premiered yesterday at the Cannes Film Festival to mixed reviews. Which of Gosling's past films is your favorite?
Which of these notable comedians who attended the 17th annual Webby Awards in NYC on Tuesday night is your favorite?
The Museum of the Moving Image in Queens, New York, is creating a special gallery devoted to the work of Jim Henson. Which of Henson's Muppets is your favorite?
Blake Shelton will organize a benefit concert to benefit the victims of the Oklahoma tornado. Which of these albums from the talented country artist is your favorite?
The nominees for the 3rd annual Critics' Choice Television Awards have been announced. Which of these contenders for Best Drama Series is your favorite? | <urn:uuid:690b9367-9739-4eea-895a-0ea6ff0807f6> | 2013-05-24T02:06:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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displays the family and group of the language named in the edit field of the dialogue box. The current language is chosen by default. Any new language name which is entered becomes the current language, provided it occurs in the database.
lists and counts all the segments of the language named in the edit field of the dialogue box. The current language is chosen by default. Any new language name which is entered becomes the current language, provided it occurs in the database. The check-box Normal phonemes (checked by default) prevents the display of anomalous segments. When the box is unchecked all the segments of the language - including rare ones, loans etc. - are displayed.
lists and counts all the segments of the language named in the first edit field of the dialogue box which meet the feature conditions provided in the second. The feature conditions must be expressed as a list, in square brackets, of feature names separated by commas. The order of the features is not significant. Features with negative values, such as -bilabial, are permitted in order more easily to exclude certain segment types. (UPSID itself uses only unary features). Extra control on segment selection is provided by the check-box Normal phonemes which is checked by default. Users unfamiliar with the feature set used in UPSID may reset the feature conditions by issuing the command Reset features, see below.
identifies the number of distinctions found in selected phonetic parameters when the segments of the current language, which meet the given feature conditions, are examined. One or more phonetic parameters may be selected by clicking or shift-clicking in the scrolling list provided. Feature conditions to establish the required subsystem are entered in the second edit field (as in Subsystem above), and the check-box Normal phonemes is used as in previous commands.
Three separate window formats are used to handle the different segment types.
In all plot windows, the language name is provided below the corresponding plot. A list (in square brackets) identifies any features which have been chosen to restrict the set of phonemes displayed. An empty list [ ] indicates that no such features have been chosen.
provides two dimensional plots of the vowel and consonant systems of the current language (named in the edit field of the dialogue box). Consonants, vowels or diphthongs (or all three by default) are chosen by clicking (or shift-clicking) the appropriate buttons. The check-box Normal phonemes is used as in Subsystem. The use of pointers in these graphic windows is described under the commands for the different window types below.
provides the same display as Plot all for the vowels of a language but allows for more detailed sub-system selection by clicking (or shift_clicking) the secondary articulation features in the scrolling list. The selected feature list is displayed in the window below the language name.
If New window is checked, the display is generated in a new window immediately over the original vowel window. This new window can be dragged to one side so that comparisons of subsystems with different feature conditions can be made. Surplus windows may be hidden (using Hide... in the MacProlog Windows menu) or closed using the close box (but see the advice under Kill hidden windows below). Closed or hidden graphic windows may be retrieved using the MacProlog Select window... command also in the Windows menu.
Clicking on a segment symbol (a filled cell) in a vowel window generates a message identifying:
The dialog for generating consonant displays parallels that for vowels in all but the list of secondary articulations: the pointer in the graphocs window functions in exactly the same manner.
Here again the same dialog pattern is used, but, in a graphics window for diphthongs, two different pointers are available. With the arrow pointer selected, clicking on a filled cell generates a message showing:
With the target pointer selected, the corresponding message identifies:
Whenever the selected cell contains segments with secondary features not shown in the cell label (e.g. nasalized), these features appear (abbreviated and asterisked) in initial sub-bundles grouped with the corresponding target (or source) features.
This command provides a simple reminder of the ordering of fetaures on the axes in the various display windows.
UPSID graphic windows can be chosen for printing using the standard MacProlog Print... command from the File menu. When the print dialogue appears, click the check-box Graphic click the button Select ..., and choose the required windows from the scrolling list. Normal Macintosh screen dumps to MacPaint format files (using <command> <shift> 3) are obviously also possible. | <urn:uuid:00922ec9-719a-4a5b-813b-cf43f19a9c4d> | 2013-05-24T01:31:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Composition and Nutrition
Suitable for pets of the following lifestage(s):
Adult and Mature Adult Dogs.
Not recommended for puppies or pregnant or lactating bitches.
Suitable for pets with the following dietary requirement(s):
Recommended for overweight dogs.
Recommended for fibre-responsive conditions in overweight dogs: diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, colitis and constipation.
Not recommended for dogs that are debilitated or underweight, dehydrated, in a hypermetabolic state, or with moderate to advanced heart failure, chronic kidney disease (IRIS stage 3 - 4) or liver disease.
with Chicken (minimum 16%): Ground maize, maize gluten meal, chicken and turkey meal, dried beet pulp, pea bran meal, soybean meal, digest, animal fat, vegetable oil, DL-methionine, L-lysine hydrochloride, salt, L-carnitine supplement, ground rice, taurine, L-tryptophan, vitamins and trace elements. Contains EU approved antioxidant.
Dry Matter: Protein 25.40%, Fat 8.60%, Carbohydrate (NFE) 38.90%, Fibre (crude) 21.3%, Moisture, Calcium 0.67%, Phosphorus 0.54%, Sodium 0.25%, Potassium 0.75%, Magnesium 0.12%, Omega-3 fatty acids 0.31%, Omega-6 fatty acids 2.81%, L-Carnitine 369 mg/kg, Vitamin A 16393 IU/kg, Vitamin D 1311 IU/kg, Vitamin E 500 mg/kg, Vitamin C 70 mg/kg, Beta-carotene 1.50 mg/kg.
Feeding Guide (approximate per day)
For correction of excess weight - Target Body Weight (kg): Dry Grams
2kg: 40g; 3kg: 55g; 4kg: 65g; 5kg: 80g; 10kg: 130g; 20kg: 220g; 30kg: 295g; 40kg: 370g; 50kg: 435g; 60kg: 500g; 70kg+: 8g per kg.
For all other recommendations - Target Body Weight (kg): Dry Grams:2kg: 50 - 70g; 3kg: 70 - 100g; 4kg: 90 - 120gg; 5kg: 105 - 145g; 10kg: 175 - 240g; 20kg: 295 - 405g; 30kg: 400 - 550g; 40kg: 495 - 685g; 50kg: 585 - 810g; 60kg: 670 - 930g; 70kg+: 12 - 14g per kg.
Guidelines only: adjust values to maintain optimal body weight. A 350g can is equal to 85g of the dry food. | <urn:uuid:582bea25-5ce3-4c61-bde9-4e918d237f67> | 2013-05-24T02:00:31Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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European Decorative Arts and Sculpture
"Admiral" Heraldic CarpetMade in Spain, Europe
Artist/maker unknown, Spanish, possibly woven by Muslim craftsmen
1955-65-21The Joseph Lees Williams Memorial Collection, 1955
LabelShortly after the Muslims of North Africa introduced the art of making twisted-pile carpets into Spain, the weaving of this armorial carpet was undertaken. It was probably made for the founder of the royal house of Castile, Fadrique Enríquez, who held the titles of Lord of Medina and Admiral of Castile and was the grandfather of King Ferdinand of Spain. His coat of arms—an upright lion beneath two triple-towered castles bordered by anchors and ropes—is repeated three times in the center field. A decorative pattern in the main border at each end, formed by designs that resemble Arabic script, indicates its Mudéjar workmanship.
* Works in the collection are moved off view for many different reasons. Although gallery locations on the website are updated regularly, there is no guarantee that this object will be on display on the day of your visit. | <urn:uuid:3c46a82a-8f61-4826-8d93-c3ce28743ee0> | 2013-05-24T01:37:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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No results were found for your query. Please modify your terms and try your search again.
Suggestions that may help with searching:
Contact us for assistance:
- Verify your search criteria and any limiting options that may be selected.
- Items are periodically purged from the catalog. You may wish to try searching for the item using different criteria to verify if an item is still available. | <urn:uuid:9c6d1aa4-a709-4871-8f93-6ef14438882a> | 2013-05-24T02:07:32Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Susanne Butz, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Title: A Tunable Josephson Metamaterial
Abstract: We present experimental data on a tunable magnetic metamaterial consisting of rf-SQUIDs. A metamaterial is a medium constructed of artifical elements, so- called meta-atoms, that interact in a specific way with an incoming electromagnetic wave. The size of and the distance between the individual meta-atoms is much smaller than the wavelength. Our metamaterial consists of one-dimensional arrays of 27 rf-SQUIDs, one chain placed inside each of the gaps of a coplanar waveguide. Due to the nonlinear inductance of the rf-SQUID, its resonance frequency is tunable in situ by applying a dc magnetic field. We demonstrate that this results in tunable effective parameters of our metamaterial. In order to obtain the effective magnetic permeability from the measured data, we employ a technique that uses only the complex transmission coefficient S21.
Title: Spins and photons: toward quantum networks in diamond
Abstract: Long-lived electronic and nuclear spin states have made nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in diamond a leading candidate for solid-state quantum information processing. Moreover, their coherent optical transitions open opportunities for quantum communication. This talk will consider the motivation and requirements for optically-networked quantum devices, and explore challenges and opportunities for realizing them in diamond. In particular, the resonant excitation and emission in these defect centers enables single shot spin detection as well as observation of two-photon quantum interference; these two capabilities have enabled measurement-based entanglement between remote NV centers. | <urn:uuid:0d7a6bbc-3ebe-4c1d-8631-2476c3027671> | 2013-05-24T01:39:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Hearing loss affects an estimated 50 million Americans. Some hearing loss is temporary, and may be caused by short exposures to loud noises, but for many people, it is permanent. Hearing Health Foundation, the largest private funder of hearing research, has organized a Consortium of researchers through the Hearing Research Project, with a goal of accelerating the timeline for a genuine cure for most types of acquired hearing loss. The cure focuses on the specialized cells that make hearing possible.
Hair cells located in the inner ear turn sounds into electrical signals that transmit the sound information to the brain. In humans, exposure to loud noises, age and even some medications can damage or even kill these hair cells, thus causing permanent hearing loss. But birds and fish are able to spontaneously regrow their damaged hair cells, leading scientists to discover how this ability can be replicated in humans.
As a college student, Katharine Simpson began to notice she was missing sounds - but ignored the symptoms until she drove through a toll road pass and didn't hear the transponder beep. Her younger brother had already experienced hearing loss in his teens, and Simpson discovered her hearing patterns matched the loss her brother had experienced years before.
While coming to terms with her hearing loss, Simpson started seeking out researchers and scientists, reading any information on new developments that she could find, giving her hope for a cure.
"Part of the reason I wanted - or, needed, rather - to embrace my hearing loss is my little brother," Simpson says. "I watched how hard it was for him to grow up with hearing loss, and he still struggles with it to this day."
Simpson's friends helped her manage her hearing loss in social situations, and began choosing to eat at quieter restaurants and turning on the closed captioning for shows on television. But movie theaters, noisy bars and nightclubs and even whispered conversations are difficult for Simpson to hear. The hope for a cure for both herself and her brother helps her stay strong.
The Hearing Research Project is looking to discover what prevents regeneration of hair cells in human ears, and what can be done to promote regeneration.
"Hearing Health Foundation is ideally positioned to lead this world-class consortium and deliver on the goal of a cure," says Andrea Boidman, executive director of the foundation. "For too many years, biomedical research has been conducted in relative isolation, one researcher or one institution working alone to tackle a major health issue. So we developed the consortium model to accelerate the path to the cure by eliminating repetitive work and fostering cooperation among scientists, rather than competition."
The Consortium is comprised of 14 talented and creative researchers who are already established in the area of cell regeneration in the ear. These researchers, who have been working individually on significant contributions to the field of cell regeneration, have pledged, through the HRP, to work collaboratively with each other. They will not only share information but also work together on the HRP-funded projects.
Expediting the timeline to a cure for permanent hearing loss is the goal for the Hearing Research Project. The promise of a real, biologic cure is focused on the inner ear hair cells that make hearing possible. To learn more, visit www.hearingrestorationproject.org. | <urn:uuid:aa505b0d-2909-4ed4-8605-f2b8c7f4ae14> | 2013-05-24T02:00:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Beyond the Antietam Battlefield: Hospital Centers
Beyond the Antietam Battlefield
As war raged during the four-year conflict, local residents witnessed the human cost of the fighting. Thousands of soldiers were wounded in battles and skirmishes, and much of the area resembled one big hospital ward for much of the war. Large government tent hospitals were erected in fields, and many churches, homes, barns, schools, and other public buildings were also used to care for the sick and wounded. In the fall of 1862, just days after playing host to both armies during the battles of South Mountain and Antietam, Frederick was inundated with more than 9,000 wounded and sick soldiers.
Westminster and Hagerstown played similar roles in hospital care, as did smaller towns such as Boonsboro and Burkittsville. Future US President Rutherford B. Hayes recovered in a Middletown dwelling from wounds suffered at nearby South Mountain; future Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes convalesced in Hagerstown at the Howard Kennedy home; and Paul Joseph Revere (inset), grandson of the famed Revolutionary War patriot, died in Westminster from wounds at Gettysburg. In October 1862, President Lincoln visited the wounded at Sharpsburg and made a personal visit to see Gen. George L. Hartsuff, who was being cared for in a private home in Frederick. During the war, 600 sisters from a dozen religious communities served as nurses. Following Gettysburg, the Daughters of Charity, based in nearby Emmitsburg, were among the first at the battlefield to give aid to the wounded.
This information was provided by the Hagerstown/Washington County Convention and Visitor's Bureau - www.marylandmemories.com | <urn:uuid:9f12999f-ae7e-4e50-a6dd-0db7ba694b75> | 2013-05-24T01:58:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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To search this store's vehicle inventory, please fill out the fields below. Or, you may
search inventory across all stores.
NOTE: If you don't find the vehicle you are looking for,
call your local store and ask about interchange
possibilities as several makes and models may have compatible parts. | <urn:uuid:9b02bd49-0502-432c-ada5-8f0eff0ab292> | 2013-05-24T01:51:13Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Thread: Defenders of Osgiliath
<< >>
Helnor then hesitated and wavered. Finally he turnned and walked off, then crouched to the ground and put his head between hands, as he desperately fought the temptation of taking the sword. Finaslly when his mind strengthened he had won. He stood and strode back towards the group. "Now we have the sword. We must decide what to do with it."
Algernon pushed through the men who had formed a line, keeping the newly appointed general from the far more experienced one, and said reluctantly:
"One thing is clear Helnor; we cannot have you near it. It has a toe hold on your mind. It will wait until a moment of weakness before striking."
Helnor turnned and mounted his horse. "Very well, I will patrol nearby with my escort. Move!" The escort immediately fell in behind as they gallopped to some distance then slowed to a trot once far enough.
A voice speaking in the dark tongue was heard somewhere from the sword. It spoke in unknown words, but its meaning was clearly evil. It chanted repeatedly, faster and faster! Twian had to let it fall from her hand, it was burning her. But the sword didnt fall. It stood unsuported with its tip barely above the ground, hovering. The chanting became to fast to discerrn the words, and then it stoped...
Suddenly a horn sounded. It came from the North, and it sounded like many a horn that was used by the dark races of orcs and goblins. A black banner was seen aproaching from behind a hill ahead, and many voices accompanied it. From the woods west and south war dums could be heard, goblin schreches filled the air. And the sword heard them, and waited.
"I'm going to take a wild guess, and say that isn't good. Said Rue reffering to the increasing sound, she glanced to the others for a moment and began pulling levers of her Cwellen, fixing the disks into place.
Algernon looked about him warily, his eyebrows knit in a frown. He drew his sword and nudged his horse's flanks and came to face the North, where the horn had sounded from.
"Call the armies to this position. Arrange them in a circle. I don't want anybody within twenty metres of the sword. Archers to the back and spearmen in the front lines. Someone go get Helnor and his guard."
Okay...for some reason, the majority thought my character was female...so I went back through all my posts and made Twian a girl. No more confusion, I hope
Twian glanced around to the others, shifting on her saddle.
"I'll go, if no one else wants to."
Helnor had alread started racing to where he left his army, whne he heard the horns. His second in command was handling everything efficiently when he arrived, his army on the alert. "Everyone, the enemy is coming from north. I know you fought yesterday and you drove away the enemy, but we stand here, to fight again. We are the largest Army Gondor has now. Pikes in front, swords men behind, archerse stay back, cavalry flank the sides. Move out!"
The soldiers started moving by their commands and getting into position. The noise of the enemy grew closer, and then it stoped..... Nothing was to be heard.....nothing was to be seen.
The soldiers waited nervously to see someone, but nobody came. The air was silent.
"Hold it steady men!" Helnor walked along the ranks, patting soldiers on the back and encouraging the soldiers. "Alright, archers, instead of the usual showering, I think we should give the enemy something special, like fire falling from the sky," Helnor gave a grin, "If they are brave enough to face us." The Archers got ready to light their arrows with fire.
Spear men in front right?
Koiler got up and started to run. They had to prepare for the coming battle.
Ethy, you started this u continue the batle
Nothing was heard from the North.
It was nightfall, the sun had just set. As the soldiers looked around, a ragged,torn black cloth was being carried by the wind above them. As they looked at it, it simply got blown away over the trees. A wolf howled. Then ,again, there was silence.
Concentrate for a second, and try to imagine the setting and the current emotions in the place. Nice and chilling.
To everyone who knows our Arwy(Arwen evenstar), i have something to tell.
She contacted me to tell me she's having some problems with her internet, and she dosent know when she will be able to come back. She asked me to say hy to everyone she knows here. So, Arwy wont be RPGing for some time, ignore her character, or exclude her from the RPG's (she asked me to do this). She hopes to come back as soon as possible.
Koiler sat in meditation. He sat silently. He was scared and fearing. The tension in the camp was enough to scare anybody. "How long will it be before the enemy returns? And will we be ready?"
There's no sign of the enemy at all, if thats what your all waiting for to continue.
my char is out. Sorry to bail on u guys..I don't know when I'll be back and I'm going to miss you all tons. *hugs*
can i be a dwarven axeman?
be anything u want, just the rle is no magic.
Helnor watched intensely at the strange sight. The was no enemy in sight. He broke the slince "Alright, I don't think the enemy is coming, Captain Aldian, form a rearguard, just in case they attack, everyone else, break ranks form columns, MOVE OUT!" The eerie silence was replaced by the sounds of moving soldiers. Helnor, again for the second time, was retreating.
age: around 85
items: axe named Durin's wrath and set of mithril armor
history: led expedition into moria left because of the balrog
residence: Lonely Mountain
skills: master craftsman and master fighter
appreance: brown beard and hair mithril suit always carries and axe with him
"Ahh I have arrived in the city of Osgiliath," said valin as his pony breeched the gates, "Haldir I have been sent by the wise dwarf Dain Ironfoot to help you, assign me my position on the lines."
Rue looked up from her mount and said in a mono-tone voice, "Oh goodie, now we're safe". She spurred her horse and made her way to the back of the troops.
"'R you mocking me, young ranger," said valin and he dismount from his horse and drew his axe.
Rue cocked her Cwellen and pointed it at him, "Don't move, or I'll kill you before you swing that thing. It's not safe to mock someone bent on helping you, but it still isn't safe to get over exited". She glanced coldly, "And you might want to reconsider before you call me a ranger again".
Cwellen-crossbow like weapon that shoots razor edged disks.
" Well then what are you because you look like a ranger?" said Valin angry at Rue and restrapped his axe.
"Another Captain", She lowered her Cwellen a bit, "Watch yourself, I may be of lower ranking, but that won't stop me from killing you if you get in the way, this war is already against us". She watched him a moment and loosened her grip on the Cwellens lever.
actually im going to be
name: Farusil Mithrandir
items: white blades of lothlorien and bow of galidiriel
history: born and raised in lothlorien. mighty elven ranger
skills: those of a ranger
appearance: elven cloak and mithril armor.bow on his back w/ quiver blades by his sides
allegiance: good and nature
Just a friendly reminder that im not Haldir but Helnor
Okie Dokie peoples, and welcome Valin talonarmor! It's good to see another elf![ /i]
Some of the men in Helnors rows pointed at the newly arrived elf ranger and muttered in low voices. They werent used to elfs like him, and they thought that he came because he thought that he alone was stronger than the Edain forces. Many was a tale of the pompous elfs, and some of the men belived them.
Farusil walked over to Helnor, "If you want I can set up a scouting perimeter around Osgiliath in a few moments or i can get in formation."
"Well," Helnor responded hesitantly, "I appreciate your help, but you just came and we are in a situation where we don't even know where the enemy is. Thank Valar that the southern army is back in Minas Tirith." Helnor thought for a moment, "Well, maybe you could set up a scouting perimeter, I do need to access their strength, and it would be appreciated."
With the constant changes and wierd random posts that have been pooping up here, i am REALLY confused. WHERE exactly are you now? (i mean, where is your army Haldir
i don't know, other people having been changing the locations around.
An elf rides up with a band of elves behind him. I was out on a scouting mission when I heard news of your plight so i got here as fast as i could and what few man I could gather with mein a few days time. Sorry i have not arrived earlier but we encountered some orcs on the way.
Appearance-blonde hair, Green eyes, pale skin with a tan from being on the guard for a while
Clothing-Dark Green and brown forest garb with a green cloak
Weapons-longsword, long bow and arrows, and a couple hunting knifes
Armour-prefers not to wear any because it is noisy and cumbersome
"Where, where did u see the orcs?" Helnor asked the stranger, " where and when?"
about a week ago. we didnt pay much attention to them because they looked like an average orc band.
You are supposed to be the Game master not me lol
Rue looked up from her Cwellen, "Well, the odds certainly aren't in our favor, and by the looks of it, will remain that way. Helnor, if we continue to sit here and do nothing we'll be surrounded, by all the enemies we've let slip behind the lines".
And i would really like to know where the cursed sword of Frostmourne is. If nobody knows, i shall place the sword somewhere again, so this time we dont let things get out of control. And lets say that your current location is somewhere near the Wohl, east of Fangorn, and some miles south of the river Limlight (above which is the field of Celebrant). Ok?
Koiler got up from his seated position and slung his spear onto his back on a holster. He took up his sword and turned to find Helnor. "I believe the enemy is much stronger than us, I don't think this is a battle we can win."
Comon people! Where's everybody gone? I guess its just everyone has to much on their hands. So...
"The enemy is clever, and he has outmanouvered us, so, I say, we move back toward Minas Tirith and discuss with the king again what to do." Helnor sighed, "the enemy is much more dangerous then I thought.'
"I will however have the opinion of others." Helnor gestured to the captains and the other general, "What shall we do?"
Lets reposition so that we're just in front of Osgiliath, on the East side.
Sounds fine to me. It is easily defendable and you might be able to get a few reinforcements from the king.
"I don't see what talking to a king will do to help our odds, but you're at head command and I can't argue", Rue cocked her cwellen and swung it over her shoulder.
"They are retreating master" said the orc. "I see........move out your troops as instructed.......there is no time to waist.....this time...we do it right......" replied a cold cold voice.
"The king," Helnor replied firmly, "Is a very good strategist" Turning he called to his troops, "Alright men, march back to Minas Tirith!"
"Anyone can tell others where to go, it's those who go that make a difference", said Rue with a smile, "Have you ever done anything but serve a King? Or do you just find pleasure in taking orders, even if each time, your life is on the line?"
<< >>
"I serve Gondor, and thus I serve Gondor's king," Helnor replied with gritted teeth, "Do you have a problem with that? Or are you openly declaring treason?" Helnor then smiled, "I suppose, you have a better idea captain?" | <urn:uuid:45eb7576-3e3e-4ed5-befa-d05b21a09e7e> | 2013-05-24T01:43:50Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Springbok lock Eben Etzebeth has been cited for making contact with the "eye or eye area" of Scotland fly-half Greig Laidlaw.
The alleged incident occurred in the second-half of South Africa's 21-10 victory at Murrayfield on Saturday.
21-year-old Etzebeth will appear before an International Rugby Board disciplinary hearing on Tuesday.
South Africa play England at Twickenham on Saturday.
The IRB's recommended sanctions for any player found guilty of 'eye-gouging' range from a low entry point of 12 weeks to a high entry point of 24 weeks with a maximum possible ban of three years.
Meanwhile, Argentina prop Juan Figallo has been cited for head-butting France captain Pascal Pape at the end of the Pumas' 39-22 defeat in Lille on Saturday.
Figallo's hearing is listed for Wednesday. Argentina face Ireland in Dublin on Saturday. | <urn:uuid:7ba94ef7-ab5e-4388-8430-b303bed6f134> | 2013-05-24T01:58:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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This is a chain reaction game like Mine Link, Atomz and other. You have some stars flying in different directions on the screen.
When you click on one of the stars it explodes. If there's another star that gets close enough to the exploding one, it explodes to. You need to try and explode the required number of stars in each level. | <urn:uuid:6b1b7f07-b090-40ac-9bf1-dc2323b0d8c2> | 2013-05-24T02:06:36Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Archibald MacLeish was born in Glencoe, Illinois, and attended Yale University where he was a member of the Skull and Bones secret society. After college, he enrolled at Harvard Law School, but he put his studies on hold to become first an ambulance driver and later a captain of artillery during World War I. He graduated from Harvard in 1919. MacLeish’s long and prestigious career includes several years practicing law, writing and editing for Fortune magazine, and a five-year stint as Librarian of Congress. He received numerous fellowships, grants, honorary degrees, and awards. He won three Pulitzer Prizes, including one for his verse drama, J.B. | <urn:uuid:330d8286-2927-4548-ae1c-7a9b203359f4> | 2013-05-24T01:51:59Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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The politician wants men to know how to die courageously;
the poet wants men to live courageously.
—Italian poet Salvatore Quasimodo, Nobel lecture, 1959
Since the invasion of Iraq in 2003, the relationship between politics and poetic protest has taken on fresh urgency for American readers and writers. "I suspect the writers know in their hearts how ineffectual poetry is in greater American society," W. S. Di Piero wrote in Poetry magazine in October 2003. He was commenting on the Poets Against the War movement and updating Dana Gioia’s plaint made in the controversial 1991 essay, "Can Poetry Matter?" In it, Gioia asserts that it is a "difficult task to marry the Muse happily to politics," given that poets lack a role in the broader culture and therefore do not have the confidence to create public speech.
Why is it that in this country poetry is viewed as separate from the business of the nation? Certainly this is an Anglophone peculiarity. In Latin America, José Martí, one of the region’s most beloved poets, led the movement to liberate Cuba from colonial domination. The Nicaraguan poet and priest Ernesto Cardenal was engaged in the Sandinista revolution and later served as his country’s Minister of Culture. The Nobel Prize-winning Chilean poet Pablo Neruda was a diplomat, and a senator, and joined the ranks of Spanish poets such as Federico García Lorca and Miguel de Unamuno, who spoke out against General Franco during the Spanish Civil War. Both Lorca and Unamuno lost their lives as a consequence of their Republican sympathies.
In France, Paul Éluard, René Char, and Robert Desnos wrote dissenting poetry while fighting for the Résistance. In Italy, Quasimodo and Cesare Pavese were repressed for denouncing the regime under which they lived, as were Russian and Polish poets such as Ossip Mandelstam, Anna Akhmatova, Wislawa Szymborska, and Czeslaw Milosz.
Contemporary Middle Eastern poets such as Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, Nizar al-Qabbani, Adonis, Ghazi al-Gosaibi, and Mahmoud Darwish have embraced the idea of committed literature, or a literature engagée, as Sartre termed it.
And yet, in the Anglophone West, poets ranging from W. H. Auden to W. B. Yeats are invoked for their epithets that warn against involving politics in poetry. Both poets were cited repeatedly in the wake of the White House poetry debacle of February 2003, when Laura Bush canceled her symposium on "Poetry and the American Voice" after she learned that some of the poets on her guest list refused to attend in protest against the impending war. Sam Hamill, poet and founding editor of Copper Canyon Press, intended to present her with a petition and a compilation of protest poetry. Laura Bush’s spokeswoman said that it would be "inappropriate to turn a literary event into a political forum." The conflict helped spark Hamill’s creation of the Poets Against the War movement.
Media accounts of the movement often quote Auden’s line "Poetry makes nothing happen," or three lines from Yeats: "I think it better that in times like these / A poet keep his mouth shut, for in truth / We have no gift to set a statesman right." It is not accurate to invoke these poets or their words as emblems of the apolitical poetry camp without recognizing that each in his own way led a profoundly political existence. Yeats aided the national cause in the uprising against British colonial power and later served as Senator for the newly freed Republic of Ireland. He rejected the aestheticism of "art for art’s sake," declaring, "Literature must be the expression of conviction, and be the garment of noble emotion, and not an end in itself."
And in fact, Auden’s poem—an elegy for Yeats—concludes by exhorting the poet to "follow right":
With the farming of a verse
Make a vineyard of the curse,
Sing of human unsuccess
In a rapture of distress;
In the deserts of the heart
Let the healing fountain start,
In the prison of his days
Teach the free man how to praise.
Auden, who traveled to Spain to support the Republican cause during the Spanish Civil War, argued in 1939 that "In so far as poetry, or any other of the arts, can be said to have an ulterior purpose, it is, by telling the truth, to disenchant and disintoxicate."
Acting on their beliefs often led Auden and Yeats to the dynamic center of public life. Each remained wary of the traps of dogma and expressed that caution in his work, particularly later in life. But a political belief mixed with ambivalence and pessimism is nonetheless a political belief. The fact that it is tempered with an awareness of human failings, foibles, and hypocrisies is the mark of a responsible conscience—and when they appear in poetry, such complexities are the signature of great art.
Why is it that poets today are not considered by the nation as legitimate actors in the public sphere? What transpired in the Anglophone literary imagination since Percy Bysshe Shelley claimed nearly two hundred years ago that poets were the "unacknowledged legislators of the world"? The separation created between the world of political contingency and the world of poetry has its roots in the early nineteenth century, when poetry began moving toward Romanticism and the individualized, subjective lyric. Literary thinkers of the 1830s and 1840s placed the poet above and not among the people—on a far shore well away from the public sphere. Rather than the chronicler of public memory or the raiser of alarms, the poet was depoliticized and cast as a "keeper of public morals," as Betsy Erkkila writes in Whitman the Political Poet.
Romanticism may have bequeathed an inheritance of inward-focused lyrics and an emphasis on personal experience, but as Richard Jones points out in Poetry and Politics, the Romantic poets had a strong social consciousness and were concerned with "the abuses of industrialization, the squalor and alienation of urban life, the excitement of the French Revolution and the disillusionment that followed." This set of concerns was precisely what the next generation held against them; and ultimately, the Romantic legacy would be divorced from its political activity, and instead, the Modernists would retain the notion of poetry as sanctified by its otherworldly nature.
There is a notable exception mid century: While Emerson was envisioning a poetry of transcendental truths and Poe was championing "pure poetry," Walt Whitman advocated a democratic poetics of open, all-embracing forms and a politics of inclusion. "All others have adhered to the principle that the poet and savan form classes by themselves, above the people, and more refined than the people; I show that they are just as great when of the people, partaking of the common idioms, manners, the earth, the rude visage of animals and trees, and what is vulgar," he wrote. "Imagination and actuality must be united."
Whitman notwithstanding, the idea that poetry exists apart from mundane concerns and the affairs of the nation continued to be strengthened with the emergence of the art for art’s sake movement. Victorian critic Matthew Arnold wrote essays calling for morally concerned poetry that would "animate and ennoble." In a reaction against the political agitation of Romantic poets, he extolled classical balance, sanity, reason, proportion, and order, and the poem that remained independent from the realm of historical contingency. For Arnold’s heirs, the Modernists in the wake of the Great War, literature became a refuge, and literary criticism, a science.
The New Critical movement, which arose during the first decades of the twentieth century, placed emphasis on the text excised from its historical, social, and biographical context, reinforcing the division between poetry and politics. Poets and critics such as Robert Penn Warren, Cleanth Brooks, and Allen Tate promulgated a view of poetry as irrevocably isolated from the grime and disarray of everyday life. Robert Scholes calls this positioning an "elite cultural ghetto."
"My case against the New Criticism is that it opened up too great a space between words and deeds, and between the rhetorical and the poetic," Scholes writes in The Crafty Reader. "It took a certain patrician attitude of cool detachment and made it the measure of all good writing." Brooks and Warren’s tome, Understanding Poetry, codified these views and became the American poetry textbook of choice.
This account of the segregation of literature from politics does not tell the whole story, however. The history of American poetry is a history of battling narratives and counter-narratives about poetic activity itself. The twenties were marked by the High Modernist dictates of Eliot and Pound, but Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, and Sterling Brown were also at work. The thirties saw the appearance of Understanding Poetry, but it was also a decade that yielded a burgeoning of political poetry and a poetry of conscience, including that of Carl Sandburg, Muriel Rukeyser, Auden and his generation, and the Objectivists George Oppen, Louis Zukofsky, Charles Reznikoff, and Carl Rakosi.
The second half of the century was heralded in by the Library of Congress’s award of the first Bollingen prize to Ezra Pound in 1948 for an expurgated version of his Pisan Cantos—that is, with some of the virulently anti-Semitic passages excised by his publisher. The prize was announced along with the statement that "To permit other considerations than that of poetic achievement to sway the decision would destroy the significance of the award and would in principle deny the validity of that objective perception of value on which civilized society must rest."
An "objective perception of value" might have been the word of the day, but other poetic currents were running at variance. The fifties were also the decade of Allen Ginsberg’s Howl, the Beats, and Black Mountain Poets such as Charles Olson and Robert Creeley. And all of this occurred before the explosion of political poetry in the sixties and the seventies, when Robert Bly, Denise Levertov, and Robert Lowell wrote in protest against the Vietnam War, Adrienne Rich and Audre Lorde worked to re-inscribe the life of women into poetry, and poets such as Gwendolyn Brooks, Amiri Baraka, and Nikki Giovanni were active in the Black Arts Movement and the struggle for civil rights.
In the last quarter of the century, others such as Carolyn Forché championed the ethical responsibility of poetry to bear witness, claiming that all language is political. Forché said, "Vision is always ideologically charged; perceptions are shaped a priori by our assumptions and sensibility formed by consciousness at once social, historical, and aesthetic." In her anthology of twentieth century poetry of witness, Against Forgetting, Forché calls for a poetry of the social space, which resides between the state and the "safe havens of the personal."
All of the writers mentioned in this cursory enumeration have been assailed at one time or another for voicing their political convictions in their poetry. Granted, there is a grave difference between dissent that is voiced within a democracy and dissent that speaks against a totalitarian regime; repression within a democracy does not approach the level of brutality perpetrated in a variety of political circumstances around the globe. Nonetheless, these American writers are laudable for striving to step out of what Edward Said terms the nation’s "depoliticized or aestheticized submission." This submission, along with the fostering of xenophobia and apathy, represents a contemporary mode of repressing the desire for democratic participation. In his last book, Humanism and Democratic Criticism, Said writes, "One of the hallmarks of modernity is now at a very deep level, the aesthetic and the social need to be kept, and are often consciously kept, in a state of irreconcilable tension."
Since the invasion of Iraq, a symphony of voices has reasserted the American poet’s role in the public sphere. "It’s impossible for poetry not to be political," Li-Young Lee said to a St. Petersburg Times reporter. Galway Kinnell told the New York Times, "It’s poetry’s duty and part of its role to speak out." And Sam Hamill says in an open letter dated June 29, 2004, "Being a citizen of the world is political."
Conversation elevates society and creates conditions conducive for democracy. Poetry can fuel this democratic deliberation by transforming the individual and the community. The poet is an intellectual in Italian revolutionary Antonio Gramsci’s sense: "Non-intellectuals do not exist," he writes, because "there is no human activity from which every form of intellectual participation can be excluded: homo faber cannot be separated from homo sapiens." Gramsci suggests that activism, not only eloquence, is a determining principle of the intellectual’s function "as constructor, organizer, ‘permanent persuader,’ and not just a simple orator."
There is no escaping the forces that press against the poem, incise themselves into it, just as there is no escaping the urgency of the questions that rain into our homes, leaking through the roofs and sliding under dormers. However heat-proofed the dwelling, the questions slip into view: What does it mean that we are alive? For what purpose do we suffer? What does it mean to be a thinking, feeling, merely human being, as E. E. Cummings says?
"A poem floats adjacent to, parallel to, the historical moment. What happens to us as readers when we board the poem depends upon the kind of relation it displays towards our historical life," Seamus Heaney writes in The Government of the Tongue. Poetry, like all art, is a public form, and poetry in particular is a form of public speech. It is not separate from the world; it is made of the world, just as our vision of the world is constituted through language. Not only explicitly political or satiric verse, but also the lyric and the meditative poem are modes of conversing with society.
This conversation is what humanizes the world, according to Hannah Arendt. "However much we are affected by the things of the world, however deeply they may stir and stimulate us, they become human for us only when we can discuss them with our fellows," she writes in Men in Dark Times. "We humanize what is going on in the world and in ourselves only by speaking of it, and in the course of speaking of it we learn to be human."
Every word that is recorded necessarily exists in the public sphere. Writing and speaking are revolutionary acts because they differentiate the speaker from those who remain in the private sphere. It is here that the public obligations of the poetic voice come to bear. Our dialogue—or as Yeats would say, our quarrel with ourselves—is what maintains our humanity.
Perhaps the best way for poets to regain a place in the public sphere today is to extract poetry from the sanctified realm that has been designated for it by thinkers dating back to Romanticism—and to bring the poetic utterance into the public sphere in the form of ideas, criticism, analysis, and new poems. The responsibility of the writer and reader in a self-aware culture is to engender engaged participation, as Said says. Allow poetry into unexpected places. Advocate the widening of its purveyance in the media and in the spheres of daily travel. This is not an effort to create univocality; on the contrary, it will increase the visibility and audibility of all manner of dissenting ideas about poetry as well as about politics. "Every age must strive anew to wrest tradition away from the conformism that is working to overpower it," Walter Benjamin writes.
One way for Americans to accomplish this is to make the effort to gain access to other ideas, perspectives, and cultures. Reading poetry from other national traditions can clarify our vision, provide a different perspective on our own tradition, modes of thinking, and strategies, and most importantly, offer another version of the human circumstance. This is the most patriotic act of all—in the sense that our patria is the state of being human. The reader who encounters the poem openly and freely becomes a receptive beholder, as Martin Buber would say; the poem is no longer viewed at arm’s length, and the reader enters into dialogue with it.
When shades of political opinion and the complexities of human activity and feeling are represented, solo voices turn symphonic, and poets and other writers lay claim to their role in society. "All I have is a voice / to undo the folded lie," Auden writes. It is vital to protect the right to speak freely. "This is not always a matter of being a critic of government policy," Said writes, "but rather of thinking of the intellectual vocation as maintaining a state of constant alertness, of a perpetual willingness not to let half-truths or received ideas steer one along."
What kind of American poetry might speak of life as it is now being lived? A poetry that is elastic enough to contain the modern experience of speed and stillness, as well as a sense of wonder. One that smells of rubber, plastic, and tar, and can contain the constellations of nanotechnology; a poetry that bears witness to the exigencies and horrors of the political moment in which the poem, and the poet, exists. This kind of poetry carries on speaking to the unimagined future. It sings of a spiritualized and a politicized vision, and it leaps into infinity. "A poet is a poet when he does not renounce his existence in a given country, at a particular time, defined politically," Quasimodo writes in his "Discourse on Poetry." "And poetry is the liberty and truth of that time, and not abstract modulations of sentiment."
It is also crucial to remind the nation that the American artist has an urgent word, is prepared to step out of the atelier and into the street, and that as much as a pop song or a feature film, a poem can provide a new and vital way of looking at the world—and one that is less saturated with corporate interests. In our present age of multimedia entertainment, poetry is an art form nearly free of materials. It is the most portable mode of art other than singing, and it is similar to singing: when a group of people gathers and recites poems together, the poems are re-inspired, breathed alive, and reinterpreted, transforming and transformed by the reciter and the listeners.
Artists are more capable than theorists or pundits in representing the consciousness of the people, because the language of art is a language of immediacy, of spirit, and of the transporting analogy. In his essay "Democratic Vistas," Whitman writes, "It is acknowledged that we of the States are the most materialistic and money-making people ever known. My own theory, while fully accepting this, is that we are the most emotional, spiritualistic, and poetry-loving people also." | <urn:uuid:ec77207b-0f3e-4b58-8398-54f23d679561> | 2013-05-24T01:31:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Palin "inherited a city with zero debt, but left it with indebtedness of over $22-million."
Chain email on Sunday, August 31st, 2008 in a chain e-mail
Numbers right, context missing
In Kilkenny's e-mail, she highlights several budget statistics to make her point. ( Read it for yourself here. )
We'll take them one by one, and then get to some counterpoint arguments from current Wasilla Mayor Dianne M. Keller.
• "Sarah campaigned in Wasilla as a 'fiscal conservative.' During her 6 years as mayor, she increased general government expenditures by over 33 percent."
According to figures provided by the city of Wasilla, the operating budget for Wasilla went from $6,050,160 in fiscal year 1996 to $9,393,768 in 2002. That's a 55 percent increase. But adjusted for inflation, it's a 35 percent increase.
• "During those same 6 years the amount of taxes collected by the city increased by 38 percent." According to a review of Wasilla's financial reports, the amount of revenue taken in during 1996 was $6,070,806; and rose to $8,710,166 in 2002. That's a 43 percent increase. Adjusted for inflation, that comes to a 25 percent increase.
• "She reduced progressive property taxes and increased a recessive sales tax which taxed even food."
Under Palin, property tax rates did, in fact, go down; and the sales tax did go up from 2 percent to 2.5 percent. And yes, the sales tax includes food (though there are exemptions for such things as medicine).
• "The huge increases in tax revenues during her mayoral administration weren't enough to fund everything on her wish list though, borrowed money was needed, too. She inherited a city with zero debt, but left it with indebtedness of over $22-million. What did Mayor Palin encourage the voters to borrow money for? Was it the infrastructure that she said she supported? The sewage treatment plant that the city lacked? Or a new library? No. $1-million for a park, $15-million-plus for construction of a multi-use sports complex...She also supported bonds for $5.5-million for road projects that could have been done in 5-7 years without any borrowing."
The city of Wasilla has made available all of its budgets during Palin's tenure. So we grabbed the fiscal year ending 1996 (when Palin took the reins), which showed the city's long-term debt at $1.12-million, mostly for paving and sewer projects.
The annual financial report for fiscal year ending June 30, 2002 — Palin's last year in office — shows that the total long-term debt was $24.8-million. So Kilkenny is off a bit when she says long-term debt went from zero to $22-million. But it did increase $23.7-million.
And Kilkenny is also correct about the big-ticket items that created the debt: $14.7-million for a new multi-use sports complex; $5.5-million for street projects; and $3-million for water improvement projects.
Factually, Kilkenny's claims about the budget are true. But the conclusions that Kilkenny reaches are a matter of debate.
Current Mayor Diane M. Keller, who served on the City Council when Palin was mayor, said just presenting those raw figures is misleading.
Yes, she said, Wasilla's budgets increased and tax receipts went up under Palin's reign, but much of that was due to the growth of the city during those six years.
Yes, she said, the sales tax rate went from 2 percent to 2.5 percent under Palin, but that was approved via voter referendum, with the extra proceeds earmarked specifically to pay off that sports complex. CBS News reported that the referendum on the sports complex passed by just 20 votes.
Due to the economic growth in the community, Keller said, Wasilla is going to be able to stop charging that extra .5 percent sales tax two years earlier than anticipated.
The property tax rate was reduced under Palin from 2 mills to .5 mills (it was later eliminated under Keller).
Voters also okayed the bond issue to pay for road improvements, Keller noted.
"The people in our community wanted road improvements," Keller said. "The taxpayers voted on it. Same thing with the sports complex. It's up to us to do what the people are asking for."
The U.S. Census does not provide yearly population estimates before 2000, but Wasilla's population grew by about 13 percent in the last two years of Palin's mayorship alone. It stands to reason that a town's budget will grow as the population rises.
And if voters okayed the bond issues for the sports complex and road projects, as well as for the sales tax increase, we think it's a little misleading to pin them entirely on the mayor, even if she did lobby for them. But Kilkenny's numbers are mostly accurate, so we rule her statements about Wasilla's finances under Palin Mostly True.
Published: Tuesday, September 9th, 2008 at 12:00 a.m.
Sources:E-mail, "Anne Kilkenny's e-mail on Sarah Palin" Aug. 31, 2008
City of Wasilla, "Certified Annual Financial Report - FY1996"
City of Wasilla, "Certified Annual Financial Report - FY2002"
City of Wasilla, "Operating and Capital Budgets - 1990 through 2009"
City of Wasilla, "Property Tax Rates"
City of Wasilla, "Tax Revenues"
U.S. Census Bureau, "Popoulation Estimates 2000 to 2007 for Alaska Cities"
Interview with Anne Kilkenny, Sept. 5, 2008.
Interview with Wasilla Mayor Dianne M. Keller, Sept. 8, 2008.
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- Shop the PolitiFact store for T-shirts, hats and other PolitiFact swag | <urn:uuid:49bc0b2c-0f18-4378-a6ae-63450206ff3f> | 2013-05-24T01:58:10Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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A new trailer from Drinkbox Studios provides a minute-long eyeful of the platforming, brawling, and luchador-inspired world of the studio's upcoming PSN title Guacamelee.
In the game, masked hero Juan Aguacate sets out to save his love by going adventuring with his luchador skills. Guacamelee is billed as a hybrid of genres, melding the exploration and movement of a "Metroidvania"-style game with the combo-focused close-quarters combat of a brawler.
Juan can switch between the Living World and the Dead World on the fly, and in fact must do so to solve the game's platforming puzzles.
Guacamelee is slated to release early this year on PS3 and PS Vita. | <urn:uuid:2e360866-ef09-479d-b9c2-fdeb2db6c8e8> | 2013-05-24T01:59:21Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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As Senator McCain told the audience, Barack Obama was incorrect in his characterization of the op-ed written by the 6 former secretaries of state on the subject of talking to Iran. Obama knew he was again taking statements out of context yet pursued the same false argument. By specifically naming Henry Kissinger, and telling McCain he was one of his advisers who had a different view of the talks than articulated by McCain, Obama exposed himself and his fabrication.
Immediately after the debate, Kissinger released the following statement:
"Senator McCain is right. I would not recommend the next President of the Untied States engage in talks with Iran at the Presidential level. My views on this issue are entirely compatible with the views of my friend Senator John McCain. We do not agree on everything, but we do agree that any negotiations with Iran must be geared to reality."
Henry Kissinger is not happy. | <urn:uuid:2e5d8456-94e2-4cec-be86-f8eed36d9fc3> | 2013-05-24T01:29:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Magnavox and the Odyssey systems
collectors willing to acquire a Magnavox Odyssey game on eBay:
If Atari started to sell a whole
range of PONG systems in 1975, Magnavox (the originator of home video game systems)
also started a new range of systems in 1975, the first of which was a much simpler
version of the 1972 Odyssey: the Odyssey 100.
Back in 1973, Ralph Baer tried to add new features to his Odyssey (sound, extra components on the cartridges to add more visual effects, etc), and wondered if the new technologies would allow integrating a whole Odyssey in one or more simple integrated circuits. He tracked several semiconductor houses (General Instruments (GI), Texas Instruments (TI), MOSTechnology (MOSTek) and others) to study the feasibility of his new idea. He kept worrying about his idea until may 1974 when Magnavox signed an agreement with Texas Instruments for the design of the chips.
Although TI promised a delivery for january 1975, Magnavox went ahead and made a same design using discrete components, should TI fail to deliver the chips. In the meantime, National Semiconductor proposed a single-chip project which would be ready for january / february 1975. The chip was ready in August 1975, but Magnavox already decided that TI would make the multi-chip design. Thus the Odyssey 100 was released the same year.
The Odyssey 100 was a digital system which used four Texas Instruments chips. It did not use cartridges and played two games: TENNIS and HOCKEY. A simple switch selected the games, and the system was either powered by six batteries, or by an AC adaptor (such power supplies were widely used by other systems).
The TENNIS game was very basic. It was formed of two paddles, a vertical line and a ball. Two knobs were used to adjust the game: one to center the vertical line and one to set the ball speed. A little piezzo beeper was used for the few beeps of the games, and each player controlled the game using three knobs (one for moving vertically, one for moving horizontally, and one for the "english" effect which modified the trajectory of the ball to 'fake' the opponent).
The Odyssey 100 was very basic and didn't have the common features of the million-seller PONG systems of the next years. The knobs were fixed: there were no detachable controllers yet. There was no digital on-screen scoring: the players marked their score using two little plastic cursors on the system. The serve couldn't be changed: it was automatic.
This could seem strange compared to the first Atari PONG systems which already had digital on-screen scoring. In fact, this was just a question of technology. On-screen scoring would have required additional components, which would have increased the cost of the system. Nevertheless, on-screen scoring was added in later systems although the first attempts used archaic graphics. The first Magnavox system to offer digital on-screen was the Odyssey 300 in 1976.
The main features of the Odyssey 100 were very basic:
Action sounds Mechanical Scoring Top and Bottom Ball Rebound Vertical/Horizontal Player Action Ball Control Speed Control Game Select Switch On/Off Power Switch
Still in 1975, Magnavox released an improved version of the Odyssey 100: the Odyssey 200. It was same as the Odyssey 100 but with two additional chips from Texas Instruments, which added a third game called SMASH and some on-screen scoring. The Odyssey 200 could be played by two or four players (first system to offer this feature), and displayed very basic on-screen scoring using small rectangles (it still had the two plastic cursors to record the scores). Each time a player marked a point, his white rectangle would shift on the right. The winner was obviously the first whose rectangle would reach the rightmost position on the screen. Although the scores were not yet digital, the Odyssey 200 remained more advanced than the first home version of Atari PONG because it played three different games for two or four players.
1975 marked the begining of
a long history. Both Atari and Magnavox released their systems, and more
advanced ones were released later.
Magnavox continued with the Odyssey 300 in 1976, which was one of the first system to use a single game chip containing the major circuitry of a PONG system. This system was Magnavox' answer to Coleco Telstar, the first game to use the GI AY-3-8500 chip.
Still in 1976, Magnavox released the Odyssey 400. It played the same games than the Odyssey 200 and used an additional Texas Instruments chip to display digital on-screeen scoring (it was the first Odyssey system to display digital on-screen scoring). On-screen scoring was quite well designed. As a matter of fact, the scores were large and were only shown when the ball was lost, and a large 'W' letter was displayed on the winner's side when the games were over. Like the Odyssey 100 and 200, the Odyssey 400 used the same three knobs to move the bats and control the "english" effect on the ball.
The Odyssey 500 was also released in 1976, and was very advanced for that time considering the technology used. It was in fact the only system of its kind. As a matter of fact, the white paddles representing the players were replaced by simple color graphics: two tennis players with their rackets (TENNIS game), two squash players (SQUASH), or two hockey players holding their sticks (HOCKEY).
Later models were not very interesting because they used dedicated game chips like the Odyssey 300, and this is another technology that we will discuss on the GI page. Magnavox released the Odyssey 2000, 3000 and 4000 in 1977. The Odyssey 5000 only existed in prototype form and was never released. It was designed around the Signetics MUGS-1 chip and played twenty-four games (seven different types) for two or four players. The Odyssey 4000 was the last PONG system released by Magnavox. Later in 1978, Magnavox released a completely different system: the Odyssey^2, also known as Videopac in Europe. But this was another story.
The next table shows the systems released by Magnavox: from the Odyssey 100 in 1975 to the Odyssey 4000 in 1977. In three years, the technology had completely changed the PONG universe...
|The Odyssey 100.
If plays only two black and white games,
and does not display digital on-screen scoring.
|The Odyssey 200.
It plays three black and white games.
Scores show as two right-shifting squares.
|The Odyssey 300.
One of the first to use a GI chip.
|The Odyssey 400.
Same as the Odyssey 200,
with digital on-screen scoring.
|The Odyssey 500.
Same as the Odyssey 400,
with a fourth game and color graphics.
|The Odyssey 2000.
Same as the Odyssey 300 with a fourth game.
|The Odyssey 3000: same as the Odyssey 2000,
but with a new case and detachable controllers.
|The Odyssey 4000: eight games in color,
and real joysticks like with the Odyssey^2.
An important point to note concerning the european releases of Odyssey systems: Philips released the Odyssey 200 in 1976 (same as the Magnavox one). However, Philips also released two interesting systems which didn't had US equivalents: the Odyssey 2001 in 1977 and the Odyssey 2100 in 1978. They were sold in several countries like Germany, Belgium and Switzerland. Their case was nearly same as the one of the Odyssey 4000. The controllers were same except that the sticks were replaced by knobs. As a matter of fact, they used dedicated chips made by NS (the MM-57105 for the Odyssey 2001, and the MM-57186 for the Odyssey 2100), which only allowed moving the players vertically. The Odyssey 2001 played three games in color, and the Odyssey 2100 played six different types of games with several variants for each type, making a total of 23 games. The game selection was done by pushing the button of one of the controllers (the button of the other controller reset the games). Amazingly, the electronic circuit board occupies a sixth of the space available in the systems cases.
|Philips Odyssey 2001: nearly same as the
Magnavox Odyssey 4000.
|Philips Odyssey 2100: same with black finish.
It plays 23 games (6 different types).
It seems that the Odyssey 3000 was released in England as there is a patent for this country on its back side. However, no specimen has surfaced there so far. | <urn:uuid:a2e98ec2-74bd-40c3-95da-90304143eb49> | 2013-05-24T01:51:34Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Sawako Kuronuma has had a difficult time fitting in. Some say it's her jet black hair, others say it's her hushed manner of speaking, while still others claim it is due to her name's similarity to Sadako, a character from a popular Japanese horror series. On her first day of high school, Sawako meets the one boy who treats her like a normal girl--Shota Kazehaya. Through his selfless aid, Sawako slowly learns to come out of her shell and even begins to make friends for the first time in her life. However, with a new social life come social pressures. Rumors begin to circulate about her, her friends, and even the kindhearted Kazehaya. As she grows into her new identity, Sawako must learn to deal with such pressures as well as start to understand the unfamiliar feelings inside of her, especially in regards to the boy who made her new start possible. | <urn:uuid:649a0839-8d5f-4031-8512-456d7b0edc7e> | 2013-05-24T01:58:27Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Sheet, pillow case and carving napkin, linen, probably hand woven by Janet Primrose Monteath, Clackmannonshire, Scotland, 1860-1870
This small collection of handwoven domestic linen articles - a sheet, pillow case and carving napkin - were woven in the Alloa region of Clackmannanshire in Scotland, probably in the 1860s or 1870s. They were brought to Australia in 1920 in her trousseau by the donor's mother Janet Rolland Stirling, who was born in Alloa.
Although Stirling family tradition indicates that the linen textiles were handwoven by the donor's great great great grandmother Janet Primrose in about 1800, it seems more likely that they were woven by her grand-daughter Janet Primrose Monteath. The carving napkin was used by her husband Alexander Brown Sitrling who would apparently refuse to begin carving for their family of eight boys until his wife had tied the napkin around his neck.
The linen weaving industry in Scotland formed the basis of community life, and mention is made as early as 1491. The wool and linen industries in Scotland were supported, from the early part of the 18th century, by bounties and premiums paid out by the Board of Trustees for Fisheries and Manufactures who provided incentives for production, training for intending craftsmen and women in specialised continental methods, and encouragement towards mechanisation. From 1750 onwards the effects of the Industrial Revolution were felt in Scotland and, by 1784, machines for spinning flax fibres into linen were already in use. The art of hand weaving survived however among skilled women.
The sheet and pillow case are both handwoven in plain weave, while the carving napkin is handwoven in damask weave with the field in a diaper pattern and the border probably in the Monk's Belt pattern. Domestic textiles such as sheets, pillow cases and napkins have been made of linen for centuries as linen withstands scrubbing and washing in hot water and can be bleached by spreading in the sun.
Linen cloth is made from flax, a strong and durable bast fibre that resists rotting in damp climates. With a longer staple than cotton, flax is one of the few fibres that has a greater breaking strength wet than dry. The traditional preparation of flax fibres from the plant is a long and complicated process. Ripe flax was pulled up by the roots and laid out to dry in the sun for a few days, being turned two or three times a day until thoroughly cured. The stalks were then drawn through a coarse comb, with teeth of wood or wire fastened in a plank, to remove the seeds; it was then tied in bundles and spread on the ground and kept wet for several days. Once the hard, woody stem had rotted, the leaves would fall off when shaken and they would be dried again in bundles. The flax was then beaten and pounded (swingling and striking), before being pulled through a 'hatchel'. The fine residual filaments were then spun into threads and washed, rinsed and bleached several times before being ready for the loom.
All three of these handwoven, linen textiles - the sheet, the pillow case and carving napkin - have been passed down through the families of Primrose, Monteath and Stirling since at least the mid 1800s, and possibly earlier.
Janet Primrose, born 17 November 1786, was the weaver according to Stirling family history, although this is questioned by the donor John Stirling. Janet Primrose Monteath, born 6 August 1846 and married Alexander Brown Stirling 9 June 1871. She was the grand-daughter of Janet Primrose and is conservatively identified here as the weaver, in part because of the machine-stitched hems on the sheet and pillow case. Janet Rolland Stirling, born 29 March 1900 and married William Lorne Stirling 16 June 1920: the donor's mother and Janet Primrose's great great grand-daughter. William John Stirling, the donor.
According to family history the linen items were woven in Alloa (or thereabouts) in Clackmannonshire, Scotland, by Janet Primrose - great great great grandmother of the donor - in about 1800. However, as both the sheet and pillow case are machine stitched, it seems more likely that they were woven by her grand-daughter Janet Primrose Monteath in the mid to late 1800s. The carving napkin, according to a note written by the donor's mother and dated 1988, was said to have belonged to Janet Primrose Monteath's husband Alexander Brown Stirling; he would refuse to begin carving the meat for their family of eight boys until his wife had tied the napkin around his neck.
The linen textiles were brought to Australia by the donor's mother Janet Rolland Stirling in her troussseau in 1910. A family photograph shows the wedding of Janet Rolland Stirling to William Lorne Stirling in 1920. The donor's sister Primrose Catherine Ann Campbell owns a second sheet and pillow case which she's willing to donate to the Museum to keep the set together. | <urn:uuid:a1d2ddda-f80d-4503-84ae-c80e3b2e8848> | 2013-05-24T01:38:18Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Each word on the list is
hidden in the pool of letters. To circle a discovered
word, mouse-click on one end of the word and mouse-drag
to the other end of the word. Words may be hidden
horizontally, vertically, diagonally, forward, or
games require more memory and a newer browser. If game
does not load, try updating your browser to the latest
version. This game takes a few seconds to load. | <urn:uuid:ec90f1f5-219b-4e41-a3a4-1cac14786971> | 2013-05-24T01:51:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Police are continuing to keep an eye out for a parolee who's on the lam.
A Canada-wide warrant was issued March 28 for Jarrod Lane, 40, after he failed to return to a halfway house in Prince George and drug tests came back positive.
Lane, who was serving an eight-year sentence for robbery and break, enter and theft, had been released on day parole 15 days before.
A few days after he went missing, police issued a press release asking for the public's help in tracking him down. Lane remains missing, police said on Thursday.
Lane has a lengthy criminal record of property offences, most of them committed in Victoria and Nanaimo and police believe he may have traveled to Vancouver Island.
He is described as Causasian, six-feet tall with brown hair and hazel eyes. | <urn:uuid:b134b671-cff5-415c-a773-79713eebd632> | 2013-05-24T01:30:40Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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All I can say is it's about fooking time!
Iraq shuts Al-Jazeera's Baghdad office
Qatar-based TV network to close in capital for one month
Saturday, August 7, 2004 Posted: 5:48 PM EDT (2148 GMT)
BAGHDAD, Iraq -- Iraq's interim government has closed the Baghdad office of the Qatar-based Al-Jazeera television network for one month, citing national security concerns.
"This decision was taken to protect the people of Iraq and the interests of Iraq," Interim Prime Minister Ayad Allawi's told a news conference Saturday.
Allawi said the order to close Al-Jazeera, which was to take effect immediately, came after an independent commission monitored the network's reports.
The findings of the commission were "compelling," he said.
"They came up with a concise report on the issues of incitement and the problems Al-Jazeera has been causing."
Al-Jazeera also reported the closing.
Jihad Ballout, the network's spokesman, told The Associated Press that Al-Jazeera was not given a reason for the closure.
"It is a regrettable decision, but Al-Jazeera will endeavor to cover the situation in Iraq as best as we can within the constraints," he said.
Ballout described the government's decision as "unwise" and said it restrains both the freedom of the press and "right of the Arab people around the world to see a comprehensive picture about what's going on in an important region like Iraq."
Government ministers have been critical of the Arab-language network, saying it has been airing dangerous, inciteful images and reports. Among those images are videos of people abducted in the recent wave of kidnappings.
"I got an order from the National Security Committee to close Al-Jazeera starting from today for one month just to give them the chance to readjust their policy against Iraq," said Interior Minister Falah al-Naqib.
When asked why, al-Naqib said "you know exactly" what the network has been doing.
"They have been showing a lot of crime and criminals on TV. They transferred a bad picture about Iraq and about Iraqis. They have encouraged the criminals and the gangsters to increase their activities in the country," al-Naqib said.
In a statement, the Interior Ministry added: "Al-Jazeera has accepted to be the mouthpiece of terrorist and criminal groups thus contributing to attempts to impair security and achieve aims of terrorism in spreading terror in the minds of peaceful Iraqi citizens with activities that have nothing to do with acts of violence.
"In so doing, it has contributed to hindering the Iraq reconstruction process by justifying kidnappings and killing of foreigners working here.
"It has also subjected the security, safety and property of citizens as well as government facilities, security and safety of national armed forces to danger." | <urn:uuid:8b315ca6-50e3-4433-bb8a-fcbaa2a92b51> | 2013-05-24T01:30:45Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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I am "thinking" about trying to generate a cell flask which will contain a mixture of HEK293cells and Kelly (NBL,neuroblastoma cells). I firstly want to try and get the two of them to grow in the same media type...either convert one to DMEM or the other to RPMI. If I can get over this first hurdle has anyone else ever tried this?
The reason is because I want to test a neuroblastoma specific delivery mechanism and it would be nice if I had a mixed population of neuroblastoma and "normal" cell lines growing. Successful delivery would result in just the NBL cells lighting up.
Has anyone any experience with this? Am I just being optimistic about this working? Should I just resort to two wells, one 293 and the other Kelly?
All help would be greatly appreciated,
Growing two cell types in the same flask??
1 reply to this topic
Posted 16 September 2009 - 04:25 PM
Unless the cells proliferate at the same rate and aren't contact inhibited you are likely to have problems with one cell line out-competing the other over time. There shouldn't be a problem with growing both in the same flask for a short time though. | <urn:uuid:879c42cd-b74e-4759-8128-1a071bbdbc4b> | 2013-05-24T02:00:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Dahlonega, GA (PRWEB) September 15, 2010
Bruce Hoffman spent four years in the United States Marine Corps. Two of those years were spent in Vietnam and Okinawa. "And My Mother Danced with Chesty Puller" is the story of a young Marine's adventures during the Vietnam War, sometimes humorous, sometimes hair-raising.
The story begins with a young man drawn into the Marine Corps to become an Embassy Marine but he ends up stuck with an office job instead. He struggles to get into the fight in Vietnam, only to be stationed in South Carolina and is offered a part-time job with a bootlegger to ride shotgun. When he finally arrives in Vietnam he discovers that he isn't supposed to be there, but in Okinawa instead, which turns out to be the land of booze and brothels. He was able to find a few girlfriends along the way, not only in South Carolina and Okinawa, but in Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Marines weren't all in combat; many were "in the rear with the beer." After volunteering three times for Vietnam he was able to transfer to Marine Corps Helicopter Squadron VMO-2, and fly as an Aerial Gunner in UH-1E Huey Helicopters. Finally, he became a Marine in combat.
# # # | <urn:uuid:838cad10-3ea1-447d-a9cd-20bd56860ac4> | 2013-05-24T01:57:47Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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FILED: February 16, 2011
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF OREGON
STATE OF OREGON,
SAMUEL ALLEN WILSON,
Washington County Circuit Court
Mark Gardner, Judge.
Argued and submitted on January 25, 2010, University of Oregon, Eugene.
Joshua B. Crowther, Senior Deputy Public Defender, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the brief was Peter Gartlan, Chief Defender, Appellate Division, Office of Public Defense Services.
Inge D. Wells, Senior Assistant Attorney General, argued the cause for respondent. With her on the brief were John R. Kroger, Attorney General, and Jerome Lidz, Solicitor General.
Before Schuman, Presiding Judge, and Armstrong, Judge, and Rosenblum, Judge.
Defendant drove his car one night in April 2007 after consuming alcohol. His driver's license was suspended at the time, as a result of a conviction for driving under the influence of intoxicants. When he noticed a police car following him, defendant sped away down a residential street and turned off his car's headlights. Eventually, he ran a stop sign and collided with another car. The driver of the other car sustained severe injuries; she died 10 days later. Based on those events, defendant was tried and convicted for first-degree manslaughter, ORS 163.118; second-degree assault, ORS 163.175; driving under the influence of intoxicants, ORS 813.010; and driving while suspended, ORS 811.182(4). Defendant appeals his judgment of conviction for those crimes and raises five assignments of error. We write to address one of them--that the trial court erred in refusing to allow defendant to waive his right to a jury trial and to try the case to the court--and reject the others without discussion. We affirm.
Before trial, defendant asked the trial court for its consent to allow him to waive his right to a jury trial and to try the case to the court. The court denied the request after discussing it with the prosecutor and defense counsel in chambers. At the beginning of the trial, the following colloquy occurred about the pretrial discussion and the court's decision:
"[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: * * * I would like to simply for the record point out that Article I, Section 11 of the Oregon Constitution sets out the defendant's constitutional right to a jury trial and it specifically sets * * * out the defendant's right to waive a jury, with the Court's consent, I'm aware of that.
"I understand the Court didn't grant that consent. I respect that. We're ready to proceed with a jury trial. I do want the record to reflect what happened yesterday, that we had a meeting in chambers, that the prosecutor objected to our waiver of a jury. In this case, the specific grounds were that he felt that the extreme indifference to the value of human life was a community standard that a jury and not a Judge should decide.
"I would simply argue that it's a legal standard like any others that we're dealing with. The Court's certainly capable of determining whether the facts meet that or not. And I would just point out that I don't think the State has any authority to intervene or object to a waiver. That's a defendant's right, again, with the Court's consent. You made your decision, I accept that. But I bring this up because I believe that it will have some bearing, some relationship with what we'll talk about in terms of [the] causation issue.
"THE COURT: Okay. Is there anything you want to say for the record on that?
"[PROSECUTOR]: Simply I--I didn't object. I just did--I did request that the Court exercise its discretion.
"THE COURT: Okay. Well, it's been my policy over the years to try to be in a situation where if someone had an objection to me acting as the finder of fact that I would not, in fact, act in that capacity. And, so, based upon the State's request here, I do not give my consent to--to allow the defendant to waive his right to jury trial and that's the end of the matter, as far as I'm concerned."
Defendant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in rejecting his request to waive trial by jury. In defendant's view, the court effectively turned the decision whether to grant his jury-waiver request over to the state by denying the request on the basis that the state wanted to try the case to a jury rather than to the court. He reasons, in turn, that that conflicts with Article I, section 11, of the Oregon Constitution, as interpreted in State v. Baker, 328 Or 355, 359-60, 976 P2d 1132 (1999).(1) In Baker, the court held that ORS 136.001,(2) which gives the state the right to a jury trial, conflicts with Article I, section 11, because the latter provision gives a defendant the right to waive a jury trial, subject only to the requirement that the trial court consent to the waiver. Hence, according to defendant, the trial court violated Article I, section 11, and thereby abused its discretion by relying on the state's request for a jury trial as the basis on which to reject defendant's jury-waiver request.
As noted, Article I, section 11, gives defendants in noncapital cases the right to waive a jury trial and be tried by the court. However, the trial court has discretion whether to grant such a request. Baker, 328 Or at 364. Accordingly, we review for abuse of discretion a trial court's decision to deny a defendant's jury-waiver request. Id. Discretion "refers to the authority of a trial court to choose among several legally correct outcomes." Wells v. Santos, 211 Or App 413, 418, 155 P3d 887, rev den, 343 Or 160 (2007) (citing State v. Rogers, 330 Or 282, 312, 4 P3d 1261 (2000)). "'If the trial court's decision was within the range of legally correct discretionary choices and produced a permissible, legally correct outcome, then the trial court did not abuse its discretion.'" Id. (quoting Rogers, 330 Or at 312).
Resolution of this case ultimately reduces to whether the trial court ceded to the state the decision whether to grant defendant's jury-waiver request. As the following discussion explains, we conclude that the record does not establish that the trial court did that.
The provision of Article I, section 11, at issue in this case--that is, the one that permits a defendant to waive the right to trial by jury in noncapital criminal cases--was adopted by Oregon voters as an amendment to the Oregon Constitution in the 1932 general election. The 1932 Voters' Pamphlet contained the following legislative explanation of the proposed amendment to Article I, section 11:
"The purpose of this proposed constitutional amendment is to permit the accused in criminal cases, with the consent of the trial judge, to waive trial by jury and be tried by judge alone. This would apply to trial of all crimes excepting capital offenses. Although not expressly required by the wording of the amendment, it is nevertheless thought the consent of the district attorney should be obtained as well as that of the judge before whom the case may be tried.
"Under present requirements of the constitution, jury trial is compulsory in criminal cases. There are many cases that may be tried by judge, and without jury, speedily, economically and fully protecting the right of the accused. The requirement that consent of accused and judge must both be obtained, with the suggestion that the approval of the district attorney be secured also in applying the measure, assure its carefully considered and reasonable use.
"Similar provisions are effective in many states. Rights of the state and accused are fully preserved and the adoption of the amendment should accomplish a substantial saving in the time and expense now incurred in criminal trials. Where adopted its use is general and the percentage of court trials has been large.
"It should be kept in mind [that] the right to waive trial by jury, provided herein, applies only to criminal cases and requiring consent of accused and trial judge, cannot be used oppressively."
Official Voters' Pamphlet, General Election, Nov 8, 1932, 6 (emphasis added).
As the Voters' Pamphlet statement indicates, the 1932 amendment to Article I, section 11, was principally intended to promote the efficient use of judicial resources in noncapital criminal cases by changing the constitutional rule that required criminal charges to be tried by a jury. See also State v. Hambrick, 189 Or App 310, 322, 75 P3d 462 (2003) (Schuman, J., dissenting) (history of 1932 amendment to Article I, section 11, suggests that its primary purpose was to promote judicial economy). The statement also reveals that, although a defendant's election to waive jury trial in a noncapital criminal case depends on the consent of only the defendant and the court, the state's position on whether the court should grant a requested jury waiver was intended to be an appropriate factor for a court to consider in exercising its discretion to grant or deny a waiver.
As defendant correctly asserts, if the trial court's decision was based simply on the fact that the state opposed defendant's jury-waiver request, that is, if the court effectively gave the state veto power over defendant's request, then the court's ruling violated Article I, section 11. That is because, as the Supreme Court explained in Baker, Article I, section 11, "grants to only one person the power to defeat a defendant's choice to be tried by the court sitting without a jury--the trial judge. The power to withhold consent is not granted to any other person or institution." 328 Or at 360. In this case, defendant points to the trial court's statement that it denied defendant's waiver "based upon the [s]tate's request," and asserts that the court's decision thus "vitiated defendant's constitutional rights" because it "was simply based on the state's objection."
We disagree with defendant's assertion because, viewed in context, we conclude that the trial court's statement is susceptible of an understanding that does not run afoul of Article I, section 11. The court said that its policy was "to try to be in a situation where if someone had an objection to me acting as the finder of fact that I would not, in fact, act in that capacity." (Emphasis added.) We understand that to mean that the court would not automatically and invariably accede to a party's objection to the court acting as a factfinder. The statement implies that the court would consider the arguments and positions of the parties in making its decision on a jury-waiver request and might decide to act as the factfinder notwithstanding a party's objection. In other words, the court's decision to deny the motion to waive jury does not reflect an understanding that the court had no choice but to deny the waiver request simply because the state wanted to try the case to a jury. Accordingly, in light of the above considerations and on this record, we cannot conclude that the trial court ceded to the state the decision whether to grant defendant's waiver request and thereby violated Article I, section 11.
Defendant's sole argument on appeal on the jury-waiver issue is that the court violated Article I, section 11, in denying his waiver request and thereby abused its discretion in acting on the request. He does not challenge the court's waiver decision on any other basis. Consequently, we conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion in denying the waiver request.
1. Article I, section 11, provides, as pertinent, that "any accused person, * * * with the consent of the trial judge, may elect to waive trial by jury and consent to be tried by the judge of the court alone[.]"
Return to previous location.
2. ORS 136.001 provides:
"(1) The defendant and the state in all criminal prosecutions have the right to public trial by an impartial jury.
"(2) Both the defendant and the state may elect to waive trial by jury and consent to a trial by the judge of the court alone, provided that the election of the defendant is in writing and with the consent of the trial judge."
Return to previous location. | <urn:uuid:e1a83355-7324-421f-bf84-1a8dd1323d74> | 2013-05-24T02:06:38Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Reply To: wawa-at-spectra-dot-net
Sent: Friday, September 05, 1997 10:54 PM
Now that I have a functioning coil, I would like to begin to read in on
the theory and especially the mathematics. Is there a single good book
that can help me, or maybe a few? I tried the library but found nothing
about coils. I am probably going to try the local university next.
Also, would anyone happen to know a formula for calculating the
inductance of a choke, taking into account the form shape and size, the
wire gauge, and the number of turns? | <urn:uuid:6d7214cc-4868-42aa-832e-a7e5ba52db5f> | 2013-05-24T01:38:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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|Line 16:||Line 16:|
Revision as of 15:25, 16 March 2013
The northern desert is a dungeon where only spell casters should prevail. It is unlocked by completing Robbed!
Monsters: All unlocked monsters and desert trollsBosses:
Special Rules: None
Recommended Classes: Wizard, Sorcerer, Bloodmage
Both of the bosses in this dungeon have physical resist, so naturally you want a class that can fling a bunch of fireballs. The three best suppliers of this requirement are the spell casting classes. Wizards, due to their inexpensive spells, Sorcerers, due to their extra mana, and Bloodmages, due to their extra powerful mana potions. Naturally, you're going to want to avoid mana burn, as it will hurt these classes. If the Tormented One is the boss, you should avoid sorcerers entirely, as their hit-spell-hit combo is ruined by mana burners.
If you are playing as a Wizard, it is fairly straightforward. Go around converting glyphs, to max out your mana, and killing higher level monsters. When you are level 7 or so, and a few experience from level 8, begin fireballing the boss. When you run out of mana, kill an enemy to level up. Continue fireballing, using potions if necessary. This is extremely easy, and you don't need a mid-fight level up. Feel free to use melee in addition to fireballs if it is the Tower of Goo.
If you are playing a sorcerer, find BURNDAYRAZ asap and do a hit-spell-hit combo on a level above you. Convert glyphs whenever you find them to get your mana to 18 and then 24. Continue doing hit-spell-hit combos on higher level monsters until you are level 7. When you are level 7, and a few exp from level 8, hit the boss. Fireball him until you can't fireball anymore. Kill a lower level monster to level up. Continue to use the hit-spell-hit combo, using potions if necessary, until the boss is dead.
If you are playing a bloodmage, you also want to find BURNDAYRAZ asap. Convert all other glyphs you find so you can hit 18 mana. If you can, regen fire higher level enemies by throwing your first three fireballs, turning on BLUDTUPOWA, exploring three tiles, and then fireballing again. Note that if you have more than 18 mana, you may be able to explore less than three tiles for your fourth fireball. When you reach level 7, and a few experience from level 8, throw all your fireballs at the boss until you don't have enough mana. Kill a lower level monster to level up and continue fireballing. When you next run out of mana, either regen fireball or use potions. This should not be hard.
Note that this dungeon can easily be completed by non-mage classes, but they are recommended. If you do approach this dungeon with a melee specialist class like Monk, Warlord, or Paladin, bringing the Really Big Sword as a preparation is advised. This will give you a tremendous damage bonus against physical-resist enemies.
The only quest in the Northern Desert is Desert Rose which requires you to beat it with a mage class. | <urn:uuid:0d451bf0-29d1-434d-80dc-d46f99448e75> | 2013-05-24T01:44:10Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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From a Welsh Galileo to Somali Culture, This Is the Heritage That Shaped Wales; from the Welshman Who Observed the Moon at the Same Time as Galileo to the Family Who Were the First to Provide the Royal Navy with Steam Coal, Wales Is Awash with Lost Stories of Historical Achievement. Nowamajor Investment Will Help Uncover the Country's Lesser-Known Legends
Byline: Aled Blake reports
GALILEO GALILEI may have been more familiar with the moon than most of his contemporaries, but he had probably never heard of Carmarthenshire. So, in all likelihood, he would have been unaware that, as he gazed into the heavens, his activities were being emulated by the distinguished scholar Sir William Lower at his family home in Trefenty.
Sir William worked closely with Thomas Harriott, who, in 1609, produced the UK's first telescope - just a year after Galileo did the same.
And Wales' contribution to the embryonic space race didn't end there.
In the 1850s, Swansea's John Dillwyn Llewellyn took one of the earliest photographs of the moon from the Penllergaer Observatory - which he built for his daughter's 16th birthday.
A couple of decades later came the birth of celestial photography, by Denbigh-born Isaac Roberts - arguably the most important contribution to science by a man named Isaac since a certain Mr Newton sat underneath an apple tree.
The technique, which captured star clusters and nebulae and detailed interstellar gas clouds and galaxies, was pioneered in 1888.
With his technology, Roberts was the first person to identify the spiral shape of the Andromeda Nebula - Earth's neighbouring galaxy.
But Denbigh was not only the home to pioneering scientists such as Isaac Roberts.
From being a residence for royal princes to a refuge for a Royalist garrison during the Civil War - in fact Denbych translates as small fortress - the small market town has had a colourful history dating back before the Normans.
The town is first mentioned in records in the years following the Norman Conquest when it became a border town guarding the approach to the Hiraethog Hills and Snowdonia.
The town has a history of esteemed residents. One of many Denbigh men who were well regarded during the …
Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. www.questia.com
Publication information: Article title: From a Welsh Galileo to Somali Culture, This Is the Heritage That Shaped Wales; from the Welshman Who Observed the Moon at the Same Time as Galileo to the Family Who Were the First to Provide the Royal Navy with Steam Coal, Wales Is Awash with Lost Stories of Historical Achievement. Nowamajor Investment Will Help Uncover the Country's Lesser-Known Legends. Contributors: Not available. Newspaper title: Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales). Publication date: February 25, 2009. Page number: 18. © 2009 MGN Ltd. COPYRIGHT 2009 Gale Group.
This material is protected by copyright and, with the exception of fair use, may not be further copied, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means. | <urn:uuid:5556b9c4-610d-4627-975b-457bdf4c24ef> | 2013-05-24T02:07:43Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Updated April 6th, 2011
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Simpleact takes reasonable measures to protect your personal information in an effort to prevent loss, misuse and unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration and destruction. We cannot, however, ensure or warrant the security of any information that we receive. | <urn:uuid:2681887a-0d01-4e37-a550-0f4664edeec6> | 2013-05-24T01:31:24Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Please fill out the form below to email the following quote to a friend:
Nay, but Jack, such eyes! such eyes! so innocently wild! so bashfully irresolute! Not a glance but speaks and kindles some thought of love! Then, Jack, her cheeks! her cheeks, Jack! so deeply blushing at the insinuations of her tell-tale eyes! Then, Jack, her lips! O, Jack, lips smiling at their own discretion! and, if not smiling, more sweetly pouting -- more lovely in sullenness! Then, Jack, her neck! O, Jack, Jack!
-Richard Brinsley Sheridan | <urn:uuid:eb09e033-8c33-46fd-a3eb-3a9aa5407e0a> | 2013-05-24T01:31:05Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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About the book
When Marion's mother is silenced, first by a stroke, and then by death, she is left confronting the chaotic detritus of a life obsessively devoted to art. she has left it too late to ask the crucial questions about scenes confusedly remembered from her childhood, and above all about the identity of her own father, 'lost in the war'. Out of the hundreds of paintings in her mother's studio, one, a portrait of a young man, is inscribed 'For Marion'. Is this her father? And who was he?
Marion's search takes her to the Cornish town of St Ives. In the remote and closeknit town where communities of fisherfolk and artists have coexisted for many years, she learns of a tragedy which is intrinsically tied up with her father's life. Over fifty years before, the St Ives lifeboat went down with all hands bar one. Marion must delve deep into the past to discover the identity of a man she never knew,a nd in so doing confront the demons which have tortured her own adult life.
The Serpentine Cave is an imagined story containing a true one - a powerful novel about memory and loss, birth and rebirth, and past regrets which still have the power to plague the present. | <urn:uuid:b48bc925-4df6-478e-a140-437ff2844a22> | 2013-05-24T02:07:03Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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What Is a Planet?
One December night in 1999, a friend and I were sitting on a mountaintop east of San Diego inside a thirteen-story-tall dome. Only a few lights illuminated the uncluttered floor of the cavernous interior, but above you could vaguely see the bottom half of the massive Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory. The Hale Telescope was, for almost fifty years, the largest telescope in the world, but from where we sat, with the weak yellow incandescent lighting being swallowed in the darkness above, you would never have guessed where you were. You might have thought you were deep in the interior of a pristine Hoover Dam, with cables and wire and pipes for directing the flow of water around. You might have believed that the steel structures around you were part of the far underground support and control of a spotlessly clean century-old subway system. Only when the entire building gently rumbled and a tiny sliver of the starry sky appeared far over your head and the telescope began to move soundlessly and swiftly to point to some new distant object in the universe, only then would you be able to make out the shadowy outline of the truss all the way to the top of the dome and realize that you were but a dot at the base of a giant machine whose only purpose was to gather the light from a single spot beyond the sky and focus it to a tiny point just over your head.
Usually when I am working at the telescope I sit in the warm, well-lit control room, looking at computer screens showing instrument readouts, staring at digital pictures just pulled from the sky, and pondering meteorological readings and forecasts for southern California. Sometimes, though, I like to step out into the cold, dark dome and stand at the very base of the telescope and look up at the sky through the tiny open sliver high overhead and see—with my own eyes—exactly what the giant machine is looking at. This December night, however, as I was sitting with my friend inside the dark dome, there was no sky to see. The dome was fastened closed, and the telescope was idle because the entire mountain was covered in cold, dripping fog.
I tend to get quite glum on nights when I’m at a telescope with the dome closed and the precious night is slipping past. An astronomer gets to use one of these biggest telescopes only a handful of nights per year. If the night is cloudy or rainy or snowy, too bad. Your night on the telescope is simply lost, and you get to try again next year. It’s hard not to think about lost time and lost discoveries as the second hand very slowly crawls through the night and your dome stays closed. Sabine—my friend—tried to cheer me up by asking about life and work, but it didn’t help. I instead told her about how my father had died that spring, and how I felt unable to really focus on my work. She finally asked me if there was anything that I was excited about these days. I paused for a few minutes. I momentarily forgot about the freezing fog and the closed dome and the ticking clock. “I think there’s another planet past Pluto,” I told her.
Another planet? Such a suggestion would have generally been scoffed at by most astronomers in the last days of the twentieth century. While it is true that for much of the last century astronomers had diligently searched for a mythical “Planet X” beyond Pluto, by about 1990 they had more or less convinced themselves that all that searching in the past had been in vain; Planet X simply did not exist. Astronomers were certain that they had a pretty good inventory of what the solar system contained, of all of the planets and their moons, and of most of the comets and asteroids that circled the sun. There were certainly small asteroids still to be discovered, and occasionally a bright comet that had never been seen before would come screaming in from the far depths of space, but certainly nothing major was left out there to find. Serious discussions by serious astronomers of another planet beyond Pluto were as likely as serious discussions by serious geologists on the location of the lost continent of Atlantis. What kind of an astronomer would sit underneath one of the biggest telescopes in the world and declare, “I think there’s another planet past Pluto”?
Almost a decade earlier, in the late summer of 1992, I was in the long middle years of my graduate studies at Berkeley (the place where I was taught that Planet X certainly did not exist and that we already knew pretty much everything we needed to know about what there was in the solar system). I didn’t think much about Planet X those days. I was midway through a Ph.D. dissertation about the planet Jupiter and its volcanic moon Io. When you’re midway through a Ph.D. dissertation, your mind acquires narrow blinders, so I didn’t think much about anything other than Io and how its volcanoes spewed material into space and affected Jupiter’s powerful magnetic field. I had so few thoughts to spare for most of the quotidian universe that I had fallen into a pattern of every day eating the same lunch at the same coffee shop right next to the Berkeley campus and having dinner at the same burrito stand a block away. At night I would ride my bicycle back down toward the San Francisco Bay to the marina where I lived on a tiny sailboat. The next morning I would start all over again. Less time thinking about what and where to eat and sleep meant more time thinking about Io and volcanoes and Jupiter and how they all fit together.
But, occasionally, even obsessive Ph.D. students need a break.
One afternoon, as on many times previous, after spending too much time staring at data on my computer screen and reading technical papers in dense journals and writing down thoughts and ideas in my black bound notebooks, I opened the door of my little graduate student office on the roof of the astronomy building, stepped into the enclosed rooftop courtyard, and climbed the metal stairs that went to the very top of the roof to an open balcony. As I stared at the San Francisco Bay laid out in front of me, trying to pull my head back down to the earth by watching the boats blowing across the water, Jane Luu, a friend and researcher in the astronomy department who had an office across the rooftop courtyard, clunked up the metal stairs and looked out across the water in the same direction I was staring. Softly and conspiratorially she said, “Nobody knows it yet, but we just found the Kuiper belt.”
I could tell that she knew she was onto something big, could sense her excitement, and I was flattered that here she was telling me this astounding information that no one else knew.
“Wow,” I said. “What’s the Kuiper belt?”
It’s funny today to think that I had no idea what she was talking about. Today if you sat next to me on an airplane and asked about the Kuiper belt, I might talk for hours about the region of space beyond Neptune where vast numbers of small icy objects circle the sun in cold storage and about how, occasionally, one of them comes plummeting into the inner part of the solar system to light up the skies like a comet. I might talk about the very edge of the solar system, where millions of little icy bodies never quite got gathered up into one big planet but instead stayed strewn in the disk surrounding the solar system. And I might tell you a little history, about how in the early 1990s no one had seen such a thing as this Kuiper belt, but a small group of astronomers who had predicted its existence had named the region the Kuiper belt after Dutch American astronomer Gerard Kuiper, who had speculated about its existence decades earlier. And finally, if you were still listening and the plane had not yet landed, I would tell you how this Kuiper belt was finally seen, for the first time, in the late summer of 1992, and how I first learned about it on the roof of the Berkeley astronomy building a day before it appeared on the front page of The New York Times.
But when Jane told me she had just found the Kuiper belt, I didn’t know any of this. Jane explained. She had not found this vast collection of bodies beyond Neptune, exactly, but simply a single small icy body circling the sun well beyond the orbit of Pluto. The body was tiny—much, much smaller than Pluto—and as far as anyone knew for sure, it might have circled the sun all alone at the edge of the solar system. But still, exciting, right?
Cute, I thought. But it’s just one tiny object, and it’s farther away than Pluto. How could that matter?
So I nodded and listened and, like any diligent Ph.D. student midway through a dissertation, eventually walked back down the stairs, stepped into my office, and reentered the world of Jupiter and Io and volcanoes, where I actually resided.
I was wrong, of course. Even though the object discovered was only a lonely, relatively tiny ball of ice orbiting beyond Pluto, it showed that astronomers had been wrong: They didn’t actually know everything; there were things still to be found at the edge of our own solar system. Some astronomers were reluctant to consider this new possibility seriously, and they dismissed the discovery as nothing more than a fluke that presaged absolutely nothing. But soon, as more and more astronomers became excited about the possibility of discovery and started searching the regions beyond Pluto, more and more of these small bodies began to be found.
By the end of 1999, on the foggy December night when Sabine and I were sitting underneath the Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory and I was proclaiming that I thought there were new planets to be found, astronomers around the world had already discovered almost five hundred of these bodies in a vast disk beyond the orbit of Neptune in what looked very much indeed like the Kuiper belt. From being something that most astronomers had perhaps heard of once or twice, the Kuiper belt had become the hottest new field of study within the solar system.
Of the five hundred bodies that were then known in the Kuiper belt in 1999, most were relatively small, maybe a few hundred miles across, but a few moderately large objects had also been found. The largest known at the time was somewhere around a third the size of Pluto. A third the size of Pluto! Pluto had always enjoyed a somewhat mythical status as a lonely oddball at the edge of the solar system, but it turned out that it had more company than astronomers had originally thought.
Over the years since I had dismissed the entire Kuiper belt as not quite interesting enough to pull my mind away from Jupiter, I had actually been thinking a bit about Pluto and about those five hundred small icy bodies recently discovered in the distant solar system. By now it seemed to me inevitable that, whether anyone realized it or not, astronomers were on an unstoppable march that would eventually lead to a tenth planet. It seemed to me obvious that it was there, slowly circling the sun, just waiting for the moment when someone somewhere pointed a telescope at the right spot, noticed something that hadn’t been there earlier, and suddenly announced to an unsuspecting world that our solar system had more than nine planets.From the Hardcover edition.
Excerpted from How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming by Mike Brown. Copyright © 2010 by Mike Brown. Excerpted by permission of Spiegel & Grau, a division of Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher. | <urn:uuid:6c23aef9-a8cf-4140-9648-9c079add366e> | 2013-05-24T02:06:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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He has won a Grammy but Nas admits that sometimes he doesn't check the exact facts of his rhymes. Talking about his 2002 song "I Can," Nas says sometimes he makes mistakes. "You can sit back and say, 'Let me perfect this' and 'Let me perfect that,'" Nas said in an interview, "but I was never that kind of artist. I've made albums where I slurred words, I've done crazy sh*t. People feel that. When [Rev] Run says 'It's three of us but we're not the Beatles,' he thought the Beatles had three people. It didn't matter. 'I'm the king of rock,' not the Beatles, is what matters. As far as the line in 'I Can,' Alexander the Great and all those guys all affected each other. You can't read about Napoleon without hearing about Alexander The Great, and vice versa. You might read one book about it, but that's that author's account of what happened. Someone else might say a whole different story, but if I speak on what happened in one man's book, then that's what it is."
Nas – I Can (With Lyrics) | <urn:uuid:5d5f5559-cf23-4c87-b4c8-a7124baec704> | 2013-05-24T02:05:33Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Homestead is located in Florida.
Homestead, Florida has a population of
family-centric than the surrounding county with
33.21% of the households
containing married families with children.
The county average for households married with children is 27.46%.
The median household income in Homestead, Florida is
The median household income for the surrounding county is $41,467
compared to the national median of $50,935.
The median age of people living in Homestead is
The average high temperature in July is 90
degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 53.7 degrees.
The average rainfall is approximately 62.4 inches
per year, with 0 inches of snow per year. | <urn:uuid:161183b8-27b8-447e-b052-660e30c1c9c5> | 2013-05-24T01:31:41Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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raisins, sauce, +butter, +french bread, +whiskey, +lowfat milk, +sugar, +vanilla extract, +skim milk, +eggs, +nonstick cooking spray, +cinnamon, +water, +cream cheese
raisins, sauce, +butter, +cinnamon, +bread, +eggs, +margarine, +milk, +pudding, +salt, +sugar, +whiskey
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Mimi's Cafe bread pudding. Sinfully delicious!
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"FANTASTIC bread pudding recipe from the famous Bon Ton Cafe in New Orleans, modified into a sugar-free format, using sucrolose sweetener, that tastes...
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raisins, +butter, +cinnamon, +corn syrup, +eggs, +heavy cream, +milk, +vanilla extract, +whiskey, +sugar
When I eat Bread Pudding Soufflé I always think of the Commander's saying, \"If it ain't broke, fix it anyway.\" Bread pudding was already near perfection,...
raisins, +bourbon, +cinnamon, +cornstarch, +cream of tartar, +french bread, +egg whites, +eggs, +heavy cream, +nutmeg, +vanilla extract, +sugar, +water
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Restaurant Gift Certificates | <urn:uuid:b5766c9a-722c-4df7-a65b-d741cd0e6aa7> | 2013-05-24T02:07:10Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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STOCKTON – A 38-year-old man stopped at a stoplight at Lafayette and Filbert Streets around 4:45 p.m. Sunday and was carjacked, police said.
Two men approached his car, one from each side, and pointed handguns at him while demanding he relinquish the car. He complied, and they drove off.
Police Community Response Team officers later found the unoccupied car and retrieved it.
One suspect is described as a black man, 20-25 years old, 5 feet 9 inches tall, weighing 170 pounds, wearing a black hooded sweatshirt and black pants. The second is described as a black male, 18 to 23 years old, 5 feet 7 inches tall with black short hair, last ween wearing a gray hooded sweatshirt and dark colored jeans. | <urn:uuid:43b32ba9-02f7-46e0-bda9-ce1799415515> | 2013-05-24T01:59:16Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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BEIRUT (AP) -- Activists say Syrian rebels have killed more than 20 soldiers and captured three security compounds in a northern town near the border with Turkey.
The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights says the capture of the compounds and the deaths on Friday came during intense clashes in the town of Ras al-Ayn near the border with Turkey.
The Observatory said the captured compounds belonged to the Military Intelligence, Air Force Intelligence and General Intelligence Directorate. They are the most powerful security agencies in the country.
The Local Coordination Committees, another activist group, said regime forces are sending tanks to the town to help in the fight.
The heavy clashes in the town started Thursday afternoon forcing thousands of people to flee across the border to Turkey for safety. | <urn:uuid:b8136f7c-8817-4bbb-829e-87fae3565f5a> | 2013-05-24T02:06:11Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Pakistan cricket team manager Intikhab Alam said wicketkeeper Zulqarnain Haider did not inform the management about the threats he claimed to have received from a person who wanted him to fix the fourth and fifth One-day Internationals against South Africa [ Images ] in Dubai [ Images ].
"No he didn't inform me or anyone in the management about what was going on. He didn't come to us for help," Intikhab said from Dubai.
"I am not a magician to know what is going on in the mind and heart of a person. We had no idea what he was up to or thinking," the former Test captain said.
Haider fled the team hotel in Dubai hours before the fifth One-dayer to reach London [ Images ], claiming he was getting threats for not co-operating with a person who wanted to fix the One-Day series.
Haider on Tuesday also announced his retirement from international cricket to Geo News channel saying he had taken the decision because there was lot of pressure on him and he was worried for his own safety and that of his family in Lahore [ Images ].
Intikhab said that the young keeper had taken his passport from him on the pretext of obtaining a new SIM for a mobile connection.
"He told me he wanted to get a new SIM. How is the management supposed to know what is going on his mind," he questioned.
Intikhab also refuted suggestions that there was a trust deficit between the players and the management due to which Haider didn't report the threats to them.
"There is no trust deficit at all. We are surprised he didn't come to us. We are as surprised as everyone else because he did not give any indication at all about what he was planning to do," Intikhab said.
The manager said that Haider had spent the night at the team hotel and left it early Monday morning.
"We normally meet at breakfast and no one knew where he had gone."
Intikhab conceded that the incident was another blot on Pakistan cricket and could have been avoided if the wicketkeeper had acted more responsibly.
"Let us see what happens because the board is investigating the matter. But it is a shock for us as well and we are disappointed with what happened," he added. | <urn:uuid:6c06253b-5d99-4391-b3cd-6bfcb7261fb1> | 2013-05-24T01:31:00Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Home > Sports > Athens 2004 >
Phelps wins second gold
August 18, 2004 00:19 IST
Michael Phelps won the men's 200 metres butterfly final at Athens on Tuesday to claim his second Olympic gold medal. The American teenager held on for victory in one minute 54.04 seconds -- the second fastest time in history -- and just 0.11 outside the world record he set at last year's world championships.
Japan's Takashi Yamamoto broke the Asian record to win the silver in 1:54.56 while Stephen Parry got the bronze in 1:55.52 to provide Britain with their first Olympic swimming medal since the Atlanta Games in 1996.
Phelps was a hot favourite to win the race and looked to be well in control after reaching the halfway stage almost half a second under world record and more than a body length ahead of the field.
But he began to tire at the turn for home and had to hold on for dear life as Yamamoto and Parry closed in, making it to the wall in the nick of time.
Phelps had made a perfect start to his quest for a record eight golds when he broke his own world record to win the 400 individual medley on the opening day of competition but little had gone right for him since.
He had to settle for bronze when the U.S. finished behind South Africa and the Netherlands in the 4x100 freestyle relay, an event that had lost only once before.
The 19-year-old finished with another bronze after an ultimately doomed attempt to take on Ian Thorpe and Pieter van den Hoogenband in the 200 freestyle.
The 200 butterfly, though, is Phelps's favourite event. He qualified for the event at the Sydney Olympics when he was just 15 and although he finished fifth, he soon made the event his.
Six months later Phelps broke the world record and in 2001 he won his first world title. He successfully defended his world crown in 2003, celebrating the achievement with a world record.
Phelps was due to swim the lead-off leg in the 4x200 freestyle relay on Tuesday. He is entered in the 100 butterfly and 200 individual medley later this week and may also swim the medley relay. | <urn:uuid:a2ea11f0-4c61-4a87-aab8-ed0a84ebe0bb> | 2013-05-24T01:32:19Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Representative Theory of Perception, also known as Indirect realism, epistemological dualism, and The veil of perception, is a philosophical concept. It states that we do not (and cannot) perceive the external world directly; instead we know only our ideas or interpretations of objects in the world.
Thus, a barrier or a veil of perception prevents first-hand knowledge of anything beyond it. The "veil" exists between the mind and the existing world.
The debate then occurs about where our ideas come from, and what this place is like. An indirect realist believes our ideas come from sense data of a real, material, external world (unlike idealists). The doctrine states that in any act of perception, the immediate (direct) object of perception is only a sense-datum that represents an external object.
Aristotle was the first to provide an in-depth description of indirect realism. In On the Soul he describes how the eye must be affected by changes in an intervening medium rather than by objects themselves. He then speculates on how these sense impressions can form our experience of seeing and reasons that an endless regress would occur unless the sense itself were self aware. He concludes by proposing that the mind is the things it thinks. He calls the images in the mind "ideas".
The way that indirect realism involves intermediate stages between objects and perceptions immediately raises a question: How well do sense-data represent external objects, properties, and events? Indirect realism creates deep epistemological problems, such as solipsism and the problem of the external world. Nonetheless, Indirect realism has been popular in the history of philosophy and has been developed by many philosophers including Bertrand Russell, Baruch Spinoza, René Descartes, and John Locke.
Representationalism is one of the key assumptions of cognitivism in psychology.
Potential results of representative realism
A problem with representationalism is that if simple data flow and information processing
is assumed then something in the brain, described as a homunculus
, must be viewing the perception. This suggests that some physical effect or phenomenon other than simple data flow and information processing
might be involved in perception. This was not an issue for the rationalist
philosophers such as Descartes, since Cartesian dualism
held that there is a supernatural "homunculus" in the form of the soul. For those who doubt dualism, explaining precisely what it is that sees the representation is problematic. But if the transfer of information into a "mind" is thought to be the only explanation of how we indeed see, then it falls afoul of the homunculus fallacy
which would suggest that either representationalism is an incomplete or invalid description of perception or some supernatural intervention or non-materialist
explanation is needed. Aristotle realised this and simply proposed that ideas themselves (representations) must be aware - in other words that there is no further transfer of sense impressions beyond ideas.
A further difficulty is that, since we only have knowledge of the representations of our perceptions, how is it possible to show that they resemble in any significant way the objects to which they are supposed to correspond? Any creature with a representation in its brain would need to interact with the objects that are represented to identify them with the representation. According to this theory, the external world is only to be inferred
, the person needing to learn about the relations between their electrochemical perceptions and the world.
A difficulty arises when attempting to explain reference
using representationalism. If I say "I see the Eiffel Tower" at a time when I am indeed looking at the Eiffel Tower, to what does the term "Eiffel Tower" refer? One might wish to say it refers to the Eiffel Tower, but since in the representational account we do not really see the tower, presumably the reference is to our sense experience
. But this would mean that when I refer to the Eiffel Tower, I am referring to my sense experience, and when you refer to the Tower, you are referring to your sense experience. Therefore when we each refer to the Eiffel Tower, we are not referring to the same thing — an apparent absurdity. The problem is similar to each of us seeing a picture of the Eiffel Tower on our own television, where we should be aware that our televisions might be different.
A representationalist would respond by pointing out that the apparent difficulty resides in the unnecessarily ambiguous use of the term "see" in the above scenario. If I say "I see the Eiffel Tower", I am referring to the process of interpreting the sense-data I am receiving from the Eiffel Tower in an act of mental representation. The term "Eiffel Tower" refers to the Eiffel Tower, and not to the mental representation of the Tower, which is the result of the act of "seeing". Thus, both of us can refer to the same object while making our own unique representations of that object.
Representative realism does, unlike naïve realism
, take into account sense data
(the way in which the object is interpreted, not simply the objective, mathematical object) - this induces the veil of perception wherein we are unsure the table we look at exists due to there being no direct objective proof of its existence. In other words, the table I'm looking at appears to have a particular shape to me, due to my angle of vision, and to have a particular colour due to the way in which the light bounces off it relative to my position, and that appearance differs from the appearance of the table as seen by the person next to me. Each of us sees not the actual table, but an appearance
of it which merely represents
an actual table out there.
The representative theory of perception states that we do not perceive the external world directly; instead we perceive our personal interpretation of an object by way of sense data. A naïve realist assumes she sees the dog upon perceiving a dog, whereas a representative realist assumes she sees a sensory representation of the dog upon perceiving a dog.
The external world is real and continues to exist unobserved. But we are only aware of it indirectly. Our perception of the external world is mediated by way of sense data such as photons and sound waves. We perceive a representation of reality (not the reality itself); this has been given many names: ideas, sense data, percept or appearance.
Thus representative realism is the idea that our perceptions are directly caused by the intrinsic qualities of objects, and based on these perceptions we can infer things about these objects.
The 17th century philosopher John Locke most prominently advocated this theory. The term he used was not "sense-datum" but "idea." "Idea" as used in the theory of perception is a technical term, meaning roughly the same thing as sense-datum, and this article does not discuss any differences in meaning that the two terms might have.
John Locke thought objects had two classes of qualities:
- Primary qualities are qualities which are 'explanatorily basic' - which is to say, they can be referred to as the explanation for other qualities or phenomena without requiring explanation themselves - and they are distinct in that our sensory experience of them resembles them in reality. (For example, one perceives an object as spherical precisely because of the way the atoms of the sphere are arranged.) Primary qualities cannot be removed by either thought or physical action, and include mass, movement, and, controversially, solidity (although later proponents of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities usually discount solidity).
- Secondary qualities are qualities which one's experience does not directly resemble; for example, when one sees an object as red, the sensation of seeing redness is not produced by some quality of redness in the object, but by the arrangement of atoms on the surface of the object which reflects and absorbs light in a particular way. Secondary qualities include colour, smell, and taste.
In contemporary philosophy, epistemological dualism has come under sustained attack by
philosophers like Wittgenstein
(the private language argument
) and Wilfrid Sellars
in his seminal essay "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind."
Indirect realism is argued to be problematical because of Ryle's regress
and the apparent need for a homunculus
. These problems have led some philosophers to abandon realism
and suggest the existence of dualism
and others to propose, or suggest through emergentism
, that some form of new physics is operating in the brain such as quantum mind
, space-time theories of consciousness
- Online papers on representationalism, by various authors, compiled by David Chalmers
- Harold I. Brown, "Direct Realism, Indirect Realism, and Epistemology". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 52, No. 2. (Jun., 1992), pp. 341-363.
- What Do We Perceive and How Do We Perceive It? (PDF file)
- Neurological explanation for paranormal experiences
- The Representationalism Web Site
- McCreery, C., "Perception and Hallucination: the Case for Continuity.” Oxford: Oxford Forum (2006). An analysis of empirical arguments for representationalism. Online PDF | <urn:uuid:a2edcd54-41fb-41cc-b408-5aebf5860850> | 2013-05-24T01:37:14Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Welcome to the geothermal energy articles section where you can find many interesting articles about geothermal energy. Probably the best thing to start with is to introduce yourself with the geothermal energy so make sure to read this Introduction to geothermal energy.
Among other interesting geothermal energy articles you can also find articles about: Geothermal power general info - Some need to know info about geothermal power.
Geothermal energy in Nevada info - This is the article where you can find the info about the current situation with the geothermal energy in Nevada.
Geothermal heat pumps – Advantages and disadvantages - Those of you interested in geothermal heating should definitely read this article about the advantages and disadvantages of using geothermal heat pumps.
Geothermal heating benefits - Geothermal heating has several benefits, and here's more info about it.
Geothermal heat pump - Working principle and economics - This article will thoroughly explain how do geothermal heat pumps work as well as their cost-competitiveness.
Geothermal energy - Potential, economics and EGS technology - One of the most promising technologies for harnessing geothermal energy is EGS technology. Here's more info about it. | <urn:uuid:1a9f5868-5b9a-4c91-9c85-6c33477117e3> | 2013-05-24T01:57:53Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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Improvement of the oral cavity and finger mechanisms and implementation of a Pressure-Pitch Control System for the Waseda Saxophonist Robot
ABSTRACT Our research is related to the development of an anthropomorphic saxophonist robot which reproduced the human organs involved during the saxophone playing. This research approach aims in understanding the human motor control from an engineering point of view and enabling the communication between humans and robots in musical terms. In a previous research, we have presented the Waseda Saxophonist Robot No. 2 (WAS-2) which improved the design of the lip and finger mechanisms. In addition, a feed-forward air pressure with dead-time compensation and an overblowing correction controller were implemented. However, the range of pressure was too limited to reproduce dynamic effects of the sound (i.e. decrescendo, etc.), a delay on the response of the finger mechanism was detected (due to the use of a wire-driven mechanism) and deviations on the pitch during the saxophone playing were observed. Therefore; in this paper, we present the Waseda Saxophonist Robot No. 2 Refined (WAS-2R). In particular the shape of the oral cavity has been re-designed to increase the sound pressure range and potentiometers were embedded on the fingers to reduce the dynamic delay response of the wire-driven mechanism. In addition, a Pressure-Pitch Controller has been implemented to reduce the deviation of the sound pitch by implementing a feedback error learning algorithm for a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output system. A set of experiments were proposed to verify the effectiveness of the re-designed mechanisms and the improved control strategy. From the experimental results, we could confirm the improvements to extend the sound pressure range to reproduce the decrescendo effect, to reduce the response delay from the finger mechanism as well as the deviations on the sound pitch. | <urn:uuid:c02debbd-bce2-47d9-980f-ccc0c5dc1ec2> | 2013-05-24T02:01:07Z | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | [
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China closes in on Bo Xilai after jailing ex-police chief
BEIJING (Reuters) - China's ruling Communist Party took a big step towards sealing the fate of fallen politician Bo Xilai on Monday, when a court jailed his former police chief for 15 years over charges that indicated Bo tried to derail a murder inquiry.
The court in Chengdu in southwest China handed down the sentence against Wang Lijun after finding him guilty on four charges, including seeking to cover up the November 2011 murder of a British businessman, Neil Heywood, by Bo's wife, Gu Kailai.
The verdict ended the career of one of China's most storied and controversial police officers and moved the party closer to a formal decision on dealing with Bo, whose downfall has shaken a leadership handover due at a party congress as early as next month.
"Wang Lijun exposed clues of major law-breaking and crimes by others," said the court verdict, according to the Xinhua news agency. It did not say who those other people were.
"He rendered a major contribution, and according to the law he can receive a lighter sentence," said the court. Wang could have received life imprisonment, or even a death sentence.
The relatively mild sentence, following official confirmation that Wang shared incriminating clues and that Bo beat him after Wang confronted him over the murder allegations, added weight to predictions that the party will move to jail Bo too, said He Weifang, a law professor at Peking University who has closely followed the case.
"The legal net around Bo Xilai has been slowly tightening," said He. "He'll certainly face a criminal trial."
Experts have offered divided views over whether the party will put Bo before a criminal court or spare him and the leadership that disgrace by simply meting out lighter disciplinary punishment within the party. Some still see that latter course as more likely.
Before Chinese authorities can launch a criminal investigation, the party leadership must first hear the results of an internal investigation and decide whether to hand Bo over. That could happen at a leadership conclave that must take place before the bigger party congress convenes.
"I'd guess now that even within a week the party could announce that he has been handed over to legal authorities," said Li Weidong, a former magazine editor who has followed the scandal around Bo.
"If there's not a decision on that (Bo case) soon, then it could be difficult to hold the party congress by mid-to-later October."
THE SLAP THAT CHANGED HISTORY
The court said Wang, former police chief of southwestern Chongqing municipality, received the sentence for "bending the law for selfish ends, defection, abuse of power and bribe-taking", according to Xinhua.
Wang would not appeal against the sentence, said his lawyer Wang Yuncai, who is not a relative. The sentence could be cut after he serves half his sentence, added Wang, the lawyer.
"He accepted the sentence," she said. "He's doing okay."
The scandal that felled both men erupted after Gu murdered Heywood in a hilltop hotel villa in Chongqing, the city where Bo was the flamboyant party chief.
As well as the conviction for sabotaging an investigation into the murder, Wang was found guilty of defecting to a U.S. consulate, taking bribes and conducting illegal surveillance.
Officials have said the murder arose from a business dispute in Chongqing, which Bo and Wang ran as their fiefdom.
After first helping Gu evade suspicion of poisoning Heywood, Wang hushed up evidence of the murder, according to the official account of Wang's trial. In late January, Wang confronted Bo with the allegation that Gu was suspected of killing Heywood. But Wang was "angrily rebuked and had his ears boxed".
"That was a slap around the ears that changed history," said Li Zhuang, a Beijing lawyer who opposed Wang and Bo for mounting a sweeping crackdown on foes in the name of fighting organized crime. "Otherwise, Bo might still be in power and hoping to rise higher."
Days after the confrontation, Bo stripped Wang of his post as Chongqing police chief. The court verdict said several of Wang's subordinates were "illegally investigated".
"The reports on Wang Lijun's case are clear that Bo was obstructing justice, obstructing the investigation into the homicide case against his wife," said He, the law professor.
Wang, fearing for his safety, fled to the U.S. consulate in Chengdu where he hid for more than 24 hours until Chinese officials coaxed him out.
In August, Gu was sentenced to a suspended death sentence, which effectively means life in prison.
Wang sealed his fate at a trial a week ago by admitting the charges, Xinhua said. Only official media were allowed inside the courtroom in Chengdu, 300 km (190 miles) from Chongqing.
In March, Bo was sacked as Chongqing party boss, and in April he was suspended from the party's Politburo, a powerful decision-making council with two dozen active members.
So far, Bo has been accused only of breaching internal party discipline, and his defenders have accused foes of exploiting the charges against Gu to topple Bo. He had not been given a chance to defend himself publicly since his fall in March.
(Additional reporting by Sally Huang and Terril Yue Jones; Editing by Mark Bendeich and Nick Macfie)
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Iraq protester sets self ablaze in anti-government rally
MOSUL, Iraq |
MOSUL, Iraq (Reuters) - An Iraqi protester set himself ablaze on Sunday in a dramatic turn in more than three weeks of rallies by Sunni Muslims challenging Shi'ite Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki's government.
Thousands of Sunni demonstrators have rallied since late December against a Shi'ite-led government they believe has marginalized their minority sect, raising fears the OPEC country may slide again into widespread sectarian confrontation.
During protests of around 2,000 demonstrators in the northern city of Mosul, one man set himself ablaze before others quickly stamped out the flames with their jackets, police said. He was sent to hospital with burns to his face and hands.
"We don't want people to hang themselves or burn themselves, this would be against Islam," said Ghanim al-Abid, protest organizer in Mosul, 390 km (240 miles) north of Baghdad. "But he reached such a state of despair he set himself on fire."
Self-immolations have had resonance in the Arab world since a Tunisian vegetable seller set himself on fire two years ago. His death in January 2011 triggered the wave of uprisings that toppled leaders across North Africa and the Middle East.
Sunday's incident in Iraq shows the frustration among Sunnis that has not ebbed despite concessions from Maliki.
Many Iraqi Sunnis feel they have been unfairly targeted by security forces and sidelined from power since the fall of Sunni dictator Saddam Hussein after the 2003 U.S.-led invasion and the rise of the Shi'ite majority through the ballot box.
Protests have centered Anbar province, a vast desert area that makes up a third of Iraq's territory, populated mainly by Sunnis in towns and settlements along the Euphrates.
SYRIA CRISIS LOOMS
A year after the last American troops left, Iraq's government of Sunni, Shi'ite and Kurdish parties is deadlocked in a crisis over how to share power. Insurgent bombers are still seeking to enflame sectarian tensions.
Violence and Sunni unrest are worsening concern that the conflict in neighboring Syria, where mainly Sunni rebels are fighting Shi'ite Iran's ally President Bashar al-Assad, will upset Iraq's own delicate sectarian and ethnic balance.
A suicide bomber killed an influential Sunni lawmaker on Tuesday, and another suicide bomber hit the disputed city of Kirkuk a day later, killing more than 20 people.
Sunni turmoil erupted in late December after state officials arrested members of a Sunni finance minister's security team on terrorism charges. Authorities denied the arrests were political, but Sunni leaders saw them as a crackdown.
Maliki has appointed Deputy Prime Minister Hussein al-Shahristani, an influential Shi'ite figure, to address protester demands, and the government has released more than 400 detainees in an effort to appease rallies.
"There is no time left for talks. The government has to stand up to its responsibility and take a crucial decision to meet demands," said Sunni lawmaker Wihda al-Jumaili.
Protesters want anti-terrorism laws modified, prisoners released, an amnesty law passed and an easing of a campaign against former members of Saddam's outlawed Baathist party, a measure Sunnis believe has been used to target their leaders.
They are also demanding better government services, a complaint they share with other Iraqis frustrated by the lack of economic progress despite windfall state revenues from growing oil production.
Sunni protesters are also split among moderates more keen to work to improve power-sharing agreements and hardline Islamist voices who are calling for Maliki's ouster and even the formation of a separate Sunni region inside Iraq.
(Additional reporting by Ahmed Rasheed; Writing by Patrick Markey; Editing by Peter Graff)
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Ukraine court strips Tymoshenko ally of parliament seat
KIEV (Reuters) - A Ukrainian court stripped an ally of jailed former prime minister Yulia Tymoshenko of his seat in parliament on Wednesday, prompting criticism from the European Union which considers his case politically motivated.
The ruling was made less than two weeks after an EU-Ukraine summit where Brussels told Kiev it needed to address the issue of selective justice if it wanted to secure landmark deals on political association and free trade with the bloc.
The court barred Serhiy Vlasenko, a member of opposition movement Batkivshchyna, following a motion from an ally of the country's President Viktor Yanukovich, the party said in a statement.
The motion had accused Vlasenko of working as a lawyer - a practice that deputies are barred from, the Batkivshchyna statement added.
Vlasenko, best known for advising Tymoshenko's defense team, has denied any wrongdoing.
European Commissioner for Enlargement, Stefan Fuele, condemned the ruling, saying on his Twitter feed: "Stripping a parliamentarian of his mandate like being done in case of Vlasenko is not European way. Does this bring Ukraine closer to EU?"
Earlier this week, Fuele and Catherine Ashton, the EU commissioner in charge of foreign relations, warned Ukraine against "creating any perception of misuse of the judiciary for political purposes", referring to Vlasenko's case.
Tymoshenko, who led the 2004 Orange Revolution protests that derailed Yanukovich's first bid for the presidency, was jailed for seven years on abuse-of-office charges in 2011.
She now faces fresh tax evasion and embezzlement charges in a separate trial and state prosecutors say they suspect her of being behind a 1996 contract killing of a local businessmen and politician.
Tymoshenko, who served twice as prime minister before losing the 2010 presidential race to Yanukovich, has dismissed all charges as revenge by his camp.
Her initial conviction prompted the EU to put off the signing of the association agreement and the free trade pact with Kiev.
Brussels has since said the deals could be signed in November this year, but only if Ukraine responds to its concerns.
(Reporting by Olzhas Auyezov; Editing by Andrew Heavens)
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Definitions of stiff:
- noun: an ordinary man
Example: "A lucky stiff"
- noun: the dead body of a human being
- adjective: not moving or operating freely
Example: "A stiff hinge"
- adjective: powerful
Example: "A stiff current"
- adjective: lacking ease in bending; not limber
Example: "A stiff neck"
- adjective: hard to overcome or surmount
Example: "A stiff hike"
- adjective: incapable of or resistant to bending
Example: "A palace guardsman stiff as a poker"
- adjective: of a collar; standing up rather than folded down
Example: "A stiff collar"
- adjective: rigidly formal
Example: "The letter was stiff and formal"
- adjective: very drunk
- adverb: extremely
Example: "Bored stiff"
- adverb: in a stiff manner
Example: "His hands lay stiffly"
- name: A surname (rare: 1 in 100000 families; popularity rank in the U.S.: #11622)
Search for stiff at other dictionaries: OneLook, Answers.com, Merriam-Webster
"Works flawlessly!": RhymeZone apps for iPhone/iPad and Android!
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See what questions
a doctor would ask.
COH 1 (medical condition): A rare genetic disorder characterized by reduced muscle tone, obesity and...more »
COH 1 is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of
Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH). This means that COH 1, or a subtype of COH 1,
affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
Source - National Institutes of Health (NIH)
COH 1: COH 1 is listed as a type of (or associated with) the following medical conditions in our database:
Some of the symptoms of COH 1 incude:
These medical disease topics may be related to COH 1:
Source - NIH
Search to find out more about COH 1:
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