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All of the following are pyrogenic cytokines, except: | Interleukin 18 is not a pyrogenic cytokine. IL-18, a member of the Il-1 family doesnot appear to be a pyrogenic cytokine- harrison. Pyrogenic Cytokines: Cytokines are small protein that regulate immune, inflammatory and hematopoietic processes Those cytokines that cause fever &;are called as pyrogenic cytokines (former... | 1 | Interleukin 18 (IL-18) | Interleukin 6 (IL-6) | Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) | Interferon a (IFN a) | Microbiology | Immunology | 68221ed2-3524-48a8-9075-f6cc719f91a6 | multi |
40-year old female presented with neck swelling. Gross and histology is shown below. What is your diagnosis? | Ref. Robbins Pathology. 9th edition. Page. 1099
Medullary carcinoma thyroid
Gross
Single or multiple
Typically nonencapsulated
Solid, gray / tan / yellow, firm, may be infiltrative
Microscopy
Round, polygonal or spindle cells in nests, cords or follicles, defined by sharply outlined fibrous bands
Tumor cells have gr... | 1 | Medullary carcinoma thyroid | Hashimotos thyroiditis | Anaplastic carcinoma | Follicular carcinoma | Unknown | null | f8f9517c-7549-4f55-8494-091b3f168943 | single |
Following statement regarding dislocation of the shoulder are true except : | Anterior dislocation is more common in which head of humerus dislocates forward from the glenoid cavity.
Anterior dislocation is produced by forced abduction, external rotation and extension of the arm.
The features of posterior dislocation of the shoulder are not very striking, and for that reason the injury is often ... | 4 | Head of humerus usually dislocates forward from shoulder joint | Injury is produced by forced extension & external rotation of abducted arm | In posterior dislocation, appearance of shoulder is not normal | None of the above | Orthopaedics | null | 149b1c3c-3487-4095-9fe0-c85df5bccda2 | multi |
The active search for unrecognized disease or defect in apparently health people using rapidly applied tests or procedures is - | Screening is the search for unrecognized disease by means of rapidly applied tests or examinations in apprently healthy individuals. | 3 | Case finding | Monitoring | Screening | Active surveillance | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 43264ec4-9a45-43cd-a22f-2a24b90a57c9 | single |
Fir tree pattern lesion is seen in | Fir tree pattern of distribution of lesions is characteristic of pityriasis rosea also called Christmas tree pattern. This typical pattern occur due to long axis of lesions developing along the tension lines running parallel to ribs on the trunk. Psoriasis lesions are distributed over the extensor aspects of body pityr... | 2 | Psoriasis | Pityriasis rosacea | Pityriasis versicolor | Pemphigoid | Dental | Fungal infections, Scabies, Pediculosis | dc2517ce-59a3-4d47-8eed-9419242a1038 | single |
Which of the following can be used for dentinal hypersensitivity? | In a clinical study using the primer of the original Gluma adhesive system, an aqueous solution of 5% glutaraldehyde and 35% HEMA, currently marketed as Gluma Desensitizer; the desensitizing solution was applied to crown preparations. The authors concluded that Gluma primer reduced dentin sensitivity through a protein ... | 1 | GLUMA desensitizer | GLUTA desensitizer | HEMA | Glutaraldehyde | Dental | null | 253536f2-739c-4eb5-9c37-04c0827db6ee | single |
True about rigor mortis -a) First appear in chinb) It last 18-36 hours in summerc) Seen immediately after deathd) It disappears in the sequence as it appearse) It last 24-48 hours in winter | Rigor mortis first appears in eyelid (among voluntary muscles).
It lasts 18-36 hours in summer and 24-48 hours in winter.
It starts 1-2 hours after death.
It disappears in same order in which it has appeared. | 4 | abc | ade | ace | bde | Forensic Medicine | null | 9f98e6e6-2e24-4c36-ae14-9c1c3aa45a27 | multi |
All of the following cause increased ESR except | Sickle cell anemia - ↓ ESR. | 4 | Pregnancy | New born | Leucocytosis | Sickle cell anaemia | Medicine | null | 78a2aefc-562b-4e2d-b5c8-b270f8aa9e75 | multi |
In sickle cell anemia all are true except: | Ans. (d) Ringed sideroblast(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 635-636)Ring sideroblasts are not seen in sickle cell anemia, but in Sideroblastic AnemiaPeripheral smear finding in sickle cell anemia:Ansiopoikilocytosis, polychromasia, Increased Retie %Irreversibly sickle RBCs and target cells (increased after autosplenectomy).Howell-... | 4 | Sickle cells | Target cells | Howell jolly bodies | Ringed sideroblast | Pathology | Misc. (R.B.C) | 7521e252-e958-4ec0-98a0-1e19a7fa2f5e | multi |
All are true regarding hallucinations, except: AIIMS 09 | Ans. Under voluntary control | 3 | Represents a state of inner mind's spatial orientation | Independent of the observer | Under voluntary control | Perception which occurs in the absence of stimulus | Forensic Medicine | null | 39b5b36f-b11d-49f5-87a5-4ce96aa647ff | multi |
Corduroy appearance on X-ray is seen in? | Corduroy cloth appearance/ jail bar sign (veical striations in veebrae)-Hemangioma Hemangioma result of the replacement of normal cancellous by thickened veical trabeculae surrounded by fat marrow or vascular lacunae in veical intraosseous hemangiomas. It is a benign tumor and consists of vascular channels. It is seen ... | 3 | Osteoclastoma | Osteosarcoma | Hemangioma | Ewing's sarcoma | Orthopaedics | Ohopaedics Q Bank | cbab0322-861a-43e6-b38f-5a0416a37b0d | single |
Which morphological type of cataract is most visually handicapping | Posterior subcapsular cataract is near the nodal point of the eye and hence decreases the vision mostly | 3 | Coical | Nuclear | Posterior subcapsular | Zonular | Ophthalmology | Lens | 0e19c8e0-619b-4179-b076-212d5fca06be | multi |
Separation of rods and cones due to exudative choroiditis causes: | Ans. Micropsia | 2 | Photopsia | Micropsia | Macropsia | Metamorphopsia | Ophthalmology | null | 9fe971ca-3a6d-4133-be5d-51dac4c1e567 | single |
Cognisable offense comes under which section of Cr.P.C. - | (S.2 (c), Cr.P.C.)It is an offence in which a police officer can arrest a person without warrant from the Magistrate.eg:rape, murder, dowry death, rash or negligent act etc. Ref:The Symopsis of Forensic medicine& Toxicology (Dr.K.S.Narayan Reddy) pg no-5,28th edition. | 1 | 2C | 2B | 1A | null | Forensic Medicine | Medico legal procedures | 5a51d640-3f84-4241-b1a9-6c36979ccbe6 | multi |
A child few hours after ingestion of a fruit, vomiting started later developed convulsion. In the hospital his blood glucose was very low, but no ketone bodies. The fruit he ingested was identified as a fruit found in Africa. What is the diagnosis? | Ans. D. Jamaican vomiting sickness* The fruit given in picture is Ackee apple fruit seen in Africa.* The fruit contains a toxin hypoglycin that inhibit acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.* Lack of beta oxidation results in lack of ATP and acetyl-Co A, which decreases gluconeogenesis.* This result in hypoglycaemia.* No ketone bodie... | 4 | MCAD deficiency | Zellweger syndrome | Carnitine deficiency | Jamaican vomiting sickness | Biochemistry | Miscellaneous (Bio-Chemistry) | 4ead73cf-c592-4dac-8943-7e28ffd34818 | single |
Cephalic index helps in identification of the following feature: | Cephalic index (C.I.) or Index of Breadth is used for determination of race. C.I. = Maximum breadth of skull/Maximum length of skull 100 Three types are seen, Caucasian, Mongolian, and Negro. The skull of an Indian is Caucasian with a few Negroid characters. Racial difference in the skull: Type of skull Cephalic index ... | 3 | Race | Stature | Sex | Weight | Forensic Medicine | null | c9c952fd-f066-47b5-bdc9-cd0ea7c28269 | single |
Complication which commonly accompanies acute prostatitis: | ACUTE BACTERIAL PROSTATITIS MC organism- E.coli Catheterization and prostatic massage is contraindicated. MC used antibiotics are: TMP-SMX and Ciprofloxacin (Both are having better concentration in Prostatic tissue) Complication which commonly accompanies acute prostatis is Seminal vesiculitis. | 3 | Epididymitis | Orchitis | Seminal vesiculitis | Sterility | Surgery | Prostate and seminal vesicles | 7798489d-c9e9-44e9-889c-93e6b4fd61fe | single |
Radiotherapy works by | Radiation therapy works by damaging the genetic material within cancer cells and limiting their ability to successfully reproduce. When these damaged cancer cells die, the body naturally eliminates them.Radiation therapy is based on the principle that ionizing radiation kills proliferating cells(Refer: Thayalan's Basic... | 3 | Coagulation proteins | Necrosis of cells | Ionization of tissues | None of the above | Pathology | All India exam | 55a14b7a-9bad-4d1f-9b82-601501024c92 | multi |
Lung cancer most commonly associated with smoking ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Squamous cell carcinoma * Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung carcinoma in non-smokers and females.Remember* Adenocarcinoma is the overall most common type of lung carcinoma.* Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung carcinoma in non-smokers and females.* Squamous cell (epidermoid) ca... | 3 | Small cell carcinoma | Adenocarcinoma | Squamous cell carcinoma | Large cell carcinoma | Unknown | null | 24ee3a78-74f7-44d9-a99f-ff03dad8f736 | multi |
Magistrate inquest is done in case of - | MAGISTRATE INQUEST: Is done in death in police custody death in police firing death in the police investigation dowry death death in a psychiatric hospital exhumation rape REF: The Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 29th edition page no: 3. | 3 | Death by suicide | Death by accident | Death in psychiatry hospital | Death in suspicious circumstances | Forensic Medicine | Medico legal procedures | 86850a22-2074-48a5-9bcd-51dd371173e7 | single |
Creola bodies are seen in - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bronchial asthma o Creola bodies are a histopathologic finding indicative of bronchial asthma.o Found in a patient's sputum, they are ciliated columnar cells sloughed from the bronchial mucosa of a patient with asthma.o Other common findings in the sputum of asthma patients include.Charcot-Leyden crys... | 1 | Bronchial asthma | Chronicbronchitis | Emphysema | Bronchiectatsis | Pathology | Obstructive Lung Diseases | d69fc2a7-c51b-4823-8751-d2bd3cf21524 | single |
How long does apnoea in premature infants lasts for? | Apnea is defined as cessation of respiration for 20 seconds with or without bradycardia and cyanosis or for shoer periods if it is associated with cyanosis or bradycardia. It is usually seen in preterm neonates. Apnea could be of three types central, obstructive or mixed type: Central apnea is characterized by the abse... | 3 | 10 sec | 15 sec | 20 sec | 30 sec | Pediatrics | null | 25b5ea03-8e46-44bc-bced-c8bf1e7c9650 | single |
First released immunoglobulin after primary immunization | null | 4 | IgD | IgE | IgG | IgM | Microbiology | null | ee6cb173-29ad-4e3a-a290-307eae339752 | single |
Which is the best test for diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency? | The diagnosis of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency is established by Cosyntropin test Coisol values of <18ug/dl sampled 30-60 minutes after ACTH stimulation will diagnose the disease. This is followed by plasma ACTH values to identify primary versus secondary Addison disease. Steroid auto-antibodies are marker for Autoimmu... | 4 | CT abdomen | Steroid autoantibodies | Fludrocoisone challenge test | Cosyntropin test | Medicine | Disorders of Adrenal Gland | 19e5586b-1c1e-4333-9a8a-4abcac797f64 | multi |
All are true about obstetric cholestasis except: | Pruritus is worse at night in obstetric Cholestasis This disorder also has been referred to as recurrent jaundice of pregnancy, Cholestatic hepatosis, and icterus gravidarum. It is characterized clincally by pruritus, icterus or both. It may be more common in multifetal pregnancy. There is significant genetic influence... | 2 | Severe Pruritus | Pruritus is worse in the morning | Pruritus usually develops in the second half of pregnancy | Pruritus is more on palms and soles | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Anatomy of the female genital tract | 0e7f8d59-2df7-4489-aecf-c17a7f985d51 | multi |
Process of mixing waste with cement before disposal is known as - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Inertization * The process of inertization involves mixing waste with cement and water substances before disposal to minimize the risk of toxic substances contained in the waste migrating into surface water or groundwater. It is especially suitable for pharmaceuticals and for incineration ashes with a... | 1 | Inertization | Controlled tipping | Sanitary landfill | Burial | Social & Preventive Medicine | Hospital waste, disaster management and occupational health | 50bf582a-c3eb-4d33-8aff-8542cee53333 | single |
True about Galvanic Skin Response | The Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), also named Electrodermal Activity and Skin Conductance , is the measure of the continuous variations in the electrical characteristics of the skin, i.e. for instance the conductance, caused by the variation of the human body sweat glands. Ref guyton and hall textbook of medical physiol... | 1 | Indicator of thermal sweating | | By sweating because of sweat has electrolytes | Fall when sympathetic activity is high | Fall is associated with yogic practice | Physiology | General physiology | 0db14012-b465-4fec-890c-d018a47b2f01 | multi |
Apixaban is classified as | Apixaban is an oral, direct, selective factor Xa inhibitor with a rapid onset of action. Parenteral direct thrombin Inhibitors Oral direct thrombin inhibitor Oral factor Xa inhibitor Lepirudin Desirudin Argatroban Bivalirudin Dabigatran Rivaroxaban Apixaban Edoxaban (Undergoing regulatory review) Ref: Goodman and Gilma... | 3 | Parenteral Direct Thrombinn Inhibitor | Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitor | Oral factor Xa inhibitor | Parenteral factor Xa Inhibitor | Pharmacology | Hematology | 6f99c1dd-4e75-45b9-9f2c-b7b7d00e0cf9 | single |
Increase in threshold level on applying a sub-threshold, slowly rising stimulus is known as: | Accommodation:refers to gradual increase in threshold caused by prolonged slowly rising sub-threshold stimulus resulting from the inactivation of sodium channels. Adaptation: Decrease in response with continued application of stimulus. Some receptors of sensory system show this propey. Refractoriness: Is for the second... | 2 | Adaptation | Accommodation | Refractoriness | Electrotonus | Physiology | Nerve | 52981524-bd9f-4c46-a94f-bd859e6cdb93 | single |
Knockout drops are: NEET 13 | Ans. Chloral hydrate | 2 | Paraldehyde | Chloral hydrate | Kerosene | Turpentine | Forensic Medicine | null | dfc4be38-f703-4f2f-81b2-51e08874206a | single |
A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents, who complain that their son continually loses his balance. They also report that his speech seems more slurred. Physical examination confirms the truncal ataxia and wide-based gait. The child appears lethargic, and there is bobbing of the head while he is sit... | Medulloblastomas and, less commonly ependymomas and pineal parenchymal tumors, have a propensity to disseminate by way of the CSF throughout the CNS. Since medulloblastomas are close to the fourth ventricle, they may disseminate downstream into the spinal cord. The detection of neuronal and progenitor cell markers (e.g... | 3 | Malignant epithelial cells with prominent tonofilaments | Perivascular collections of neoplastic lymphocytes | Small, hyperchromatic cells and rare neuroblastic rosettes | Vacuolated tumor cells and an abundant capillary network | Pathology | Central Nervous System | 823c8044-244b-4a7f-9374-90f074e7be9b | multi |
A 24 year old underweight woman presents to you with progressive abdominal discomfo, dyspnoea, nausea and vomiting. Abdominal examination revealed cystic enlargement of ovaries. Relevant investigations results are as follows: Hematocrit - 57% Total count - 25000 /mm3 RFT -Impaired LFT - Mildly impaired USG - Massive as... | Here note that the serum peak oestradiol is very high and she had received an injection as a pa of her treatment for infeility which may have been human chorionic gonadotropin. This resulted in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. In Budd Chiari syndrome or Meigs syndrome oestradiol need not be this high. Note that throm... | 3 | Budd Chiari syndrome | Meigs syndrome | Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome | Pseudomyxoma peritonei | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | ceddf762-e410-4835-85f8-5319a40af431 | single |
The risk of having a baby with Down syndrome for a 30-year-old woman increases | The risk of aneuploidy is increased with multiple miscarriages not attributable to other causes such as endocrine abnormalities or cervical incompetence.A 45, X karyotype results from loss of chromosome material and does not involve increased risks for nondisjunction errors.Similarly, induced ovulation does not result ... | 4 | If her pregnancy has been achieved by induction of ovulation by menotropins | If she has had a previous baby with Turner syndrome (45,X) | If she has had a previous baby with triploidy | If she has had three first-trimester spontaneous aboions | Microbiology | All India exam | 47b59926-79ad-4567-856b-fea934371909 | single |
Bag and mask ventilation in newborn resuscitation is contraindicated in – | null | 1 | Diapharagmatic herina | Pulmonary hypoplasia | Tracheo – oesophageal fistula | Laryngomalacia | Pediatrics | null | 5a9457df-e30f-4a39-867a-89f164161b1b | single |
Patient with MCV = 60, b = 5 gm % MCHC = 20 & PCV = 32 %, causes of anemia in him can be-a) Phenytoinb) Blind loop syndc) Hook worm infectiond) CRFe) Renal dialysis | null | 1 | cd | bc | bd | ac | Medicine | null | b6fa1536-30ed-431a-be78-2b2aa1fa1be1 | single |
Osteochondroma arises from | null | 3 | Medullary cavity | Diaphysis | Metaphysis | Epiphysis | Orthopaedics | null | 2d489926-98aa-446b-83e7-a84dd344bd24 | single |
Uncontrolled phagocytosis of oxidized LDL paicles is a major stimulus for the development of foam cells and fatty streaks in the vascular subendothelium. This process may be inhibited by increased dietary intake of | Oxidation of lipid and protein poion of LDL is deleterious Oxidised LDL is taken up by scavenger receptors of the macrophages and leads to foam cell formation. This promotes atherosclerosis. Thus, it is impoant to prevent the oxidation of LDL. Vitamin E is the chain-breaking antioxidant that acts on the lipid phase of ... | 1 | vitamin E | vitamin B6 | vitamin D | vitamin B12 | Biochemistry | Vitamins and Minerals | 157f9a3b-5bec-4a67-937f-8714af3a0929 | single |
In the case of Hanging neck ligature marks are an example of | Ligature mark is a type of pressure /imprinted/ contact/patterned abrasion.
Some important facts:-
Patterned abrasions are any impact or pressure abrasions which reproduce the pattern of the object causing it.
Thus an impact abrasion may be a pattern abrasion if it reproduces the pattern of the object, e.g. a pattern ... | 2 | Contusion | Pressure abrasion | Laceration | Bruise | Forensic Medicine | null | e9c0e6ba-009f-45cd-a366-a7b4916b0e19 | single |
Soft palate is supplied by | NERVE SUPPLY OF SOFT PALATE: MOTOR NERVE SUPPLY- All muscles of soft palate except tensor veli palatini are supplied by pharyngeal pouches. The fibers of this plexus are derived from the cranial pa of accessory nerve through vagus nerve. The tensor veli palatini is supplied by supplied by mandibular nerve GENERAL SENSO... | 1 | Cranial accessory | Trigeminal | Abducent | null | Anatomy | Head and neck | feb71968-5116-4f3a-a1e3-15f59856db89 | multi |
Genes in CpP island is inactivated by: | Ans: a. Methylation[Ref Lippincott 6th/709; Harrison 19th/101e-4, 18th/668, 679; Robbins 9th/893; Satyanarayan 3rd/359, 572; Lippincott 4th/460-62; Chatterjea Shinde 7th/346, 426; en. wikipedia. org/wiki/DNA_methylationjCpG islands: Methylation of cytosine by a methyltransferase is associated with silencing of the acti... | 1 | Methylation | Metrylation | Ubiquitisation | Acetylation | Biochemistry | null | 61c8bc33-8a32-40ff-88ed-cae95f871eed | single |
Immune complex formation, which structure of a protein is involved? | The primary structure is the sequence of the amino acids in a polypeptide chain.Secondary structure is the folding of sho (3- to 30-residue), contiguous segments of the polypeptide into geometrically ordered units.Teiary structure is the assembly of secondary structural units into larger functional units such as the ma... | 4 | Primary | Secondary | Teiary | Quaternary | Microbiology | All India exam | 190469b8-00e2-44a5-9230-38f0fd550d96 | single |
A 60-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and end-stage renal disease receives a kidney transplant. Three weeks later, the patient presents with azotemia and oliguria. If this patient has developed acute renal failure, which of the following pathologic findings would be expected on renal biopsy? | Transplant rejection reactions have been traditionally categorized into:- Hyperacute Acute Chronic rejection based on the clinical tempo of the response and on the mechanisms involved. Acute rejection is characterized by an abrupt onset of azotemia and oliguria, which may be associated with fever and graft tenderness. ... | 3 | Aerial intimal thickening and vascular stenosis | Glomerulosclerosis | Interstitial infiltrates of lymphocytes and macrophages | Neutrophilic vasculitis and fibrinoid necrosis | Pathology | Organ Transplant / Graft | 30589b9b-870b-48c2-9512-ad9fcf68bd28 | single |
16 F foleys is used in - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Acute urinary retention * "Catheterization is mandatory for acute urinary retention. Spontaneous voiding may return, but a catheter should be left indwelling for 3 days while detrusor tone returns."- CSDT 13/e* 16F and 18F foleys are mainly used for adults* 8F and 10F are mainly used for children* Acu... | 1 | Acute urinary retention | CA penis | Pyonephrosis | null | Surgery | Miscellaneous | 2cf25461-60fe-480d-9a13-104be1c7a583 | multi |
Causative agent of acute rheumatic fever - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Group 'A' p-hemolytic streptococcus o Acute rheumatic fever is caused by streptococcus pyogenes - group-A Beta hemolytic streptococcus. | 1 | Group 'A' b-hemolytic streptococcus | Group-B b-hemolytic streptococcus | Group-C b-hemolytic streptococcus | Group-D b-hemolytic streptococcus | Microbiology | Streptococci | 51c8ad7f-0238-4952-92df-9fac677c008f | single |
Azaserine inhibits? | In de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, there are 10 steps. The 4th step (addition of N3) is catalysed by the enzyme Formyl glycinamide ribonucleotide amidotransferase. This enzyme is inhibited by azaserine, an anticancer drug. Reference: Harpers illustrated biochemistry 30th edition | 3 | Glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase | Glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase | Formyl glycinamide ribonucleotide amidotransferase | Inosine monophosphate synthase | Biochemistry | miscellaneous | 9a1d55da-3aab-4efe-b8ea-96372197b16e | single |
True about penderd's syndrome ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sensorineural deafness Impoant features of Pendered syndrome: Congenital disorder Mutation in gene SLC 26 A4. Which codes for a protein called pendrin (helps in transpo of ions across membrane). Impaired activity of Pendrin is seen in inner ear and thyroid gland. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. ... | 3 | Blindness | Conductive deafness | Sensorineural deafness | All of the above | ENT | null | 695debf1-6d2b-4d98-bc1a-aa77d154fb38 | multi |
Isolated deletion of which chromosome cause myelodysplastic syndrome | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 5q | 2 | 2q | 5q | 8q | llq | Medicine | null | dd88a20a-6c36-48b6-8d8d-f789c9acc0e5 | single |
The magnitude of completed family size can be obtained from | Total feility rate represents the average number of children a woman would have if she were to pass through her reproductive years bearing children at the same rate as the women now in each age group.This measure gives an approximate magnitude of &;completed family size&;(Ref:- Park. 23rd ed. Page no 489) | 4 | Pregnancy rate | General marital feility rate | Gross reproductive rate | Total feility rate | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography and family planning | b1acd325-c12f-4234-acaa-b46dfcbca459 | single |
Drug of choice for diabetic diarrhea: | (Ref: Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Volume 1; P 575)Diabetic diarrhea is seen in middle aged type 1 poorly controlled diabetic patients and is characterized by intermittent, brown, watery and voluminous stools which is occasionally accompanied by tenesmus.In these patients, GI adrenergic... | 2 | Duloxetine | Clonidine | Domperidone | Alosetron | Pharmacology | A.N.S. | ed111c08-2532-4e7c-ac67-d8cee9473352 | single |
The most common underlying anomaly in a child with recurrent urinary tract infection is: | * 30-35% children with UTI have VUR Recurrent UTI are observed in 30-50% children, usually within 3 months of the first episode. Predisposing factors for recurrent UTI include female sex, age below 6 months, obstructive uropathy, severe vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), habitual postponement of voiding (voiding dysfunction)... | 2 | Posterior urethral valves | Vesicoureteric reflux | Neurogenic bladder | Renal calculi | Pediatrics | Renal Tubular And Obstructive Disorders | 62ad7d30-2032-414f-b6ce-af7b4ec40bb8 | single |
A 27-year old primigravida presented to the OPD with pregnancy induced hypeension at 32 weeks of gestation. She had no other complications. On examination she had a blood pressure of 150/100 mm of Hg. Her blood pressure was later controlled with treatment. lf there are no complications, the pregnancy should be terminat... | 37 weeks Ref : Dutta book of obstetrics 8th Ed | 2 | 40 completed weeks | 37 completed weeks | 36 completed weeks | 34 completed weeks | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam | aff16eab-f4f4-4767-ac14-f16ab8dcdafb | single |
Commonest complication of Colles fracture | In Colles fracture, Stiffness of the fingers (commonest) and malunion are common complications. Other complications seen occasionally are - Sudeck&;s osteodystrophy, carpal tunnel syndrome, and rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon. Maheswari 5th edition Pg: 114 | 1 | Stiffness of fingers | Malunion | Sudeck's osteodystrophy | Rupture of EPL tendon | Orthopaedics | Metabolic and endocrine disorders | 0f368c6a-a0a3-4edd-bbba-0ea2f45fafe5 | single |
When treating hypertension chronically, orthostatic hypotension is maximum with: | null | 2 | Clonidine | Guanethidine | Prazosin | Propranolol | Pharmacology | null | c4f1889d-081a-4958-95b5-b48da4ff4769 | multi |
Acronym "COWS" is used for? | ANSWER: (C) Bithermal caloric testREF: Dhingra 4th ed page 43FITZGERALD-H ALLPIKE TEST (BITHERMAL CALORIC TEST).In this test, patient lies supine with head tilted 30" forward so that horizontal canal is vertical. Ears are irrigated for 40 seconds alternately with water at 30degC and at 44"C (i.e. 7deg below and above n... | 3 | Fistula test | Kobrak test | Bithermal caloric test | Cold-air caloric test | ENT | Assessment of Vestibular Function | efc4943a-35ac-491e-a3d2-a2082e121338 | single |
Selective protein loss is seen in - | null | 3 | Celiac disease | Giardiasis | Lymphangiectasis | Tropical sprue | Medicine | null | aa177966-7768-4a4a-b58b-bada099d04e6 | single |
A newborn has a swelling in neck due to soft cystic mass with trans-illumination test positive. Diagnosis is? | Ans. (c) Cystic hygromaRef : Bailey & Love 26th ed. / 701CYSTIC HYGROMA/LYM PH ANGIOMA* Cystic hygromas are multiloculated cystic swelling Filled with clear lymph lined by endothelial cells* It results due to sequestration of a portion of the jugular lymph sac from the lymphatic system.* It is associated with Turners s... | 3 | Potato tumor | Branchial cyst | Cystic hygroma | Carotid body tumor | Surgery | Miscellaneous (Neck) | f194a53c-3ed3-4061-97db-c9ad779f7939 | single |
All are HIV associated malignancies except- | AIDS-related lymphomas can be divided into three group -
Systemic
Lymphomas involving lymph nodes as well as extranodal visceral sites constitute 80% of all lymphomas.
The most common extranodal site affected is CNS
Aggressive B cell tumours
Primary CNS lymphoma
CNS is the primary site of lymphomatous involve... | 2 | Kaposi's sarcoma | Lung carcinoma | NHL | Anogenital CA | Medicine | null | 9ecc60cf-2cb7-4336-9197-ecebd8448bd8 | multi |
Diagnostic power of the test is reflected by- | Ref:Parks 25th edition pg 153 Predictive value reflects the diagnostic power of a test. Positive predictive value indicates the probability that a patient with a positive test result has, in fact, the disease in question. The more prevalent disease in a given population, the more accurate will be the predictive value o... | 4 | Sensitivity | Specificity | Reliability | Predictivity | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening | 281cc37b-8b28-4cf3-8553-03faeabbccc7 | single |
'Frog eyes' appearance on USG is seen in : | FROG EYE SIGN Anencephaly on ultrasound On coronal ultrasound, the absence of the calvaria coupled with prominent orbits gives the fetus the 'frog eye' sign | 2 | Spina bifida | Anencephaly | Cleft lip & palate | Down syndrome | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Intra Uterine Growth Restriction, Intrapaum and Antepaum Fetal Surviellance | 28b8ce33-9e9c-49ad-b80d-d15244e78c55 | single |
Route of transmission of HepatitisaEUR' E virus is: | Faeco oral | 2 | Skin | Faeco oral | Blood | Sexual contact | Microbiology | null | b6d534d1-6464-4baa-bc6e-2354cdce5118 | single |
All the following can be used to detect the mutation, except | Methods used for detecting mutations
Cytogenetics analysis
FISH
PCR,
RFLP
DNA sequencing, Southern blotting
Microarrays
Single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP)
RNAase cleavage
Denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)
Protein truncation test | 2 | Single strand conformational polymorphism | Ligase chain reaction | Polymerase chain reaction | DNA Sequencing | Biochemistry | null | 54ded428-21e5-4147-bfc2-7310879db11b | multi |
Ligament of Berry in thyroid fixes - | Ligament of berry connects thyroid lobe to cricoid cartilage. | 2 | Hyoid bone | Cricoid cartilage | Trachea | Thyroid | Anatomy | null | e61a38c5-5aee-41f9-872b-83652669ffc0 | single |
Conn syndrome is seen due to increased production of | An adrenocoical disorder caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone. ; primary aldosteronismPrimary aldosteronism is an adrenocoical disorder caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone and characterized by headaches, nocturia, polyuria, fatigue, hypeension, potassium depletion, hypokalemic alkalosis, hypervolemia, ... | 4 | Coisol | ACTH | CRH | Aldosterone | Physiology | Endocrinology | b79da74d-4777-4bf2-97e2-43b661ac59e8 | single |
In shigella dysentery associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, the false statement is - | null | 3 | Leucocytosis | Neurological abnormalities | Hepatic failure | Thrombotic angiopathy | Medicine | null | b5730eea-6d7c-4187-9706-af1a4aa39ef9 | multi |
Thalidomide used for multiple myeloma is | Refer Katzung 10th/919 Thalidomide used for morning sickness but later withdrawn due to teratogenic effects It is not extensively metabolized by microsomal enzymes It is now used for multiple myeloma It can also result in constipation ,peripheral neuropathy | 2 | Assosciated with diarrhea | Characterised by enantiomeric interconvesions | Metabolized extensively by hepatic CYP system | Safe for use in pregnant female's | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy | 09488ff6-997c-46cf-8348-992b33cfab9e | single |
Avascular necrosis can be a possible sequelae of fracture of all of the following bones,except- | *Some of the common sites where Avascular necrosis occurs are : 1) Head of the femur 2) Proximal pole of scaphoid and 3) Body of the talus Ref: Maheshwari 6th/e p.50 | 4 | Femur neck | Scaphoid | Talus | Calcanuem | Anatomy | Avascular necrosis and osteochondroses | 9c26d811-7f2a-4dc0-8d5e-07c40d476ebc | multi |
A 25-year-old male gets into a brawl outside a bar. During the altercation, someone pulls out a gun and shoots him in the head. The bullet enters the man's temple and severes his right optic nerve completely. He is quickly transpoed to a nearby emergency room and an emergency physician tests his pupillary response by s... | This person is blind in the right eye. The afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex is carried by the optic nerve (CN II), and the efferent limb is the oculomotor nerve (CN III), which carries parasympathetic fibers from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Thus, shining a light in the affected eye will not elicit any pupi... | 1 | No pupillary constriction in the right eye, and no pupillary constriction in the left eye | No pupillary constriction in the right eye, but pupillary constriction in the left eye | Pupillary constriction followed by pupillary dilatation in both eyes | Pupillary constriction in the right eye, and no pupillary constriction in the left eye | Ophthalmology | null | ab9e5aa4-f575-4b21-a02f-a8e285df75ad | multi |
Which of the following is the possible cause for the given USG finding? | Ans. C. Dichorionic Diamniotic TwinsThe given USG shows 'Lambda sign' or 'Twin peak sign' suggestive of Dichorionic diamniotic pregnancyNote - Monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy will show presence of' T - Sign' | 3 | Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twins | Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins | Dichorionic Diamniotic Twins | Conjoint Twins | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Multiple Pregnancy | 870d69e0-c084-4be7-9a0a-4513802e0557 | single |
Atropine is used in uveitis because of which of the following features | Pilocarpine and not atropine cause sphincter pupillae contraction Use of atropine in uveitis - Relieve spasm - Prevents formation of posterior synechiae - Reduce exudation - Inc blood supply to uvea Rx UVEITIS * DOC: Steroids * Immunosuppressant are used in case of non responding case/ steroid sparing effect is needed | 4 | Cause spasm of ciliary muscle | Contracts the sphincter pupillae | decrease blood supply to uveal tissue | Increase blood supply to uveal tissue | Ophthalmology | Diagnosis and Treatment of Retina | 1ae6e5a8-e751-470e-b877-6a00ec229d4c | single |
Investigation of choice for bronchiectasis is: September 2009 | Ans. C: CT Scan High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) is the investigation of choice for the diagnosis of bronchiectasis. It shows dilated bronchi adjacent to vascular structure forming a signet ring shape. The diameter of the lumen of the bronchi is characteristically larger than that of the vascular structure. T... | 3 | Chest X-ray | MRI | CT scan | V-P scan | Radiology | null | 7d112c9a-69cb-427c-a48c-4fbb20249593 | single |
Most common pathological features in diabetes melitus is - | null | 2 | Papillary necrosis | Diffuse glomerulosclerosis | Renal atherosclerosis | Chronic pyelonephritis | Pathology | null | e88634e9-3442-4999-bbaa-ee518b6b6dab | single |
Gas is filled as liquid in cylinder in – a) O2b) CO2 c) N2Od) Cyclopropanee) Halothane | Oxygen, nitrogen, air and helium → Gaseous form
Nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and cyclopropane → Liquid in equilibrium with saturated vapour. | 1 | bcd | d | ab | ac | Anaesthesia | null | f9afb509-e2ce-4927-91ef-61b612a602b1 | single |
Which bacteria has peritrichous flagella | Peritrichous - Flagella all over
Ex:-
E.Coli
Proteus
Listeria. | 4 | V. Cholerae | Pseudomonas | Alcaligenes faecalis | Listeria | Microbiology | null | da3feb84-73eb-4be9-af32-c9544424c5cd | single |
The periodontium remains healthier when crown margins
are placed | null | 2 | At the gingival crest | Above the gingival margin | About 1/2 mm apical to the gingival crest | About 1 mm apical to the gingival crest | Dental | null | 5ea3165b-db9e-413f-9da7-495829f16089 | multi |
A 40 year old male, with history of daily alcohol consumption for the last 7 years, is brought to the hospital emergency room with acute onsent of seeing snakes all around him in the room, not recognizing family members, violent behavior and tremulousness for few hours. There is history of his having missed the alcohol... | This person is having symptoms of delirium after alcohol withdrawal → delirium tremens. | 2 | Alcoholic hallucinosis | Delirium tremens | Wernicke encephalopathy | Korsakoff's psychosis | Psychiatry | null | 0f3bfa5a-9e64-438b-bd93-c4270ed6a49a | multi |
Raspberry tumour is - | null | 4 | Neoplastic | Inflamatory | Traumatic | Congenital | Surgery | null | 8feb69fc-ccf6-4836-a862-1831890adc7a | single |
A 40 year old female came to your OPD with complaints of excessive fatigue, constipation, alopecia & gives history of weight gain of around 5 kg in last 3 months despite regular diet & physical activity. Her thyroid profile show TSH- 20 mU/L & free T4 is low. Your next step in diagnosis of etiology would be? | The most common cause of hypothyroidism in India is Hashimoto thyroiditis Since TSH levels are elevated in this patient, we will suspect primary cause of hypothyroidism. Therefore, Anti peroxidase antibody test is useful If TSH level is low then we suspect secondary cause (pituitary) and go for MRI head Antithyroglobul... | 1 | Antithyroid peroxidase antibody | Antithyroglobulin antibody | Radioiodine uptake scan | Thyroid ultrasound | Medicine | Diseases of Thyroid | a5d24e79-ae42-4315-9f3f-dee395bc7405 | multi |
All are indications of intra uterine insemination EXCEPT: | Tubal blockade REF: A handbook of intrauterine insemination by Godwin Ikechukwu Meniru, Peter R. Brinsden, Ian Logan Craft Page 4 Indications of intrauterine insemination: Ejaculatory failure (neurogenic, psychogenic, hypospadias, retrograde ejaculation) Cervical factor (poor cervical mucus, cervical mucus hostility) M... | 3 | Vicid cervical mucus | Oligozoospermia | Tubal blockade | Immune factor of sperms | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 7baaaca7-3dd5-468c-a28f-c038763045ae | multi |
Feature which differentiates true from aificial bruise is - | The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s.narayan ; 28 th edition Pg .no. 110 Table 8-3 Shape of true bruise is usually round while that of aificial bruise is irregular .Erythema & swelling seen in the surrounding area in case of aificial bruise not in true bruise .In true bruise erythema and swelling is ... | 1 | Round shape with irregular margins | Irregular shape with regular margins | Swelling of surrounding area | Erythema of surrounding area | Forensic Medicine | Mechanical injuries | c41d5671-5826-4118-b335-3506f7be5c22 | multi |
In G6PD deficiency hemolysis can be caused byall except ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Penicillin | 4 | Chloroquine | Primaquine | Quinine | Penicillin | Pharmacology | null | 5afd114c-2ba4-41bb-9324-660c4540510a | multi |
All of the following maintain the stability of ankle joint, EXCEPT? | Cruciate ligaments occur in the knee. There are two cruciate ligaments in the knee: the anterior and the posterior. These ligaments are two strong, rounded bands that extend from the head of the tibia to the intercondyloid notch of the femur. The ACL is lateral and the PCL is medial. They maintain the stability of the ... | 1 | Cruciate ligament | Shape of the bones | Tendons of muscle which cross the joint | Collateral ligament | Anatomy | null | 61dda4eb-37a1-4235-b950-b7fa0644aff4 | multi |
Drug of choice for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia is | Imatinib - first line drug for chronic phase CML,in blast crisis and second line therapy for chronic phase CML that has progressed on prior IFN-a therapy Imatinib is also first line drug for metastatic c-kit positive GIST. Nilotinib, Bosutinib, Dasatinib - used in treatment of resistant CML Dasatinib is also used for t... | 1 | Imatinib | Cisplatin | Methotrexate | Tamoxifen | Pharmacology | Targeted Anticancer Drugs and Immunosuppressants | f1403de7-63f8-4601-8aea-f51648589aa8 | single |
Skin change in newborn that disappear spontaneously | .Harlequin color change is a cutaneous condition seen in newborn babies characterized by momentary red color changes of half the child, sharply demarcated at the body&;s midline. This transient change occurs in approximately 10% of healthy newborns. It is seen usually between two and five days of bih. Reference: GHAI E... | 1 | Harlequins skin change | Mangolian spots | Erytherma toxicum | Lymphoma | Pediatrics | New born infants | ea9ffee5-8a0e-49d1-8b97-df9863fd8ed8 | single |
P.F. causes - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Thrombocytopenia; 'b' i.e., DIC; 'c' i.e., Hemolysis - Cerebral malaria - Lactic acidosis - Hypoglycemia - Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ARDS) - Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) -3 Renal failure - Hemolytic anemia and mild thrombocytopenia - DIC - Liver dysfunction with jaundice - Low bih weight in pri... | 4 | Thrombocytopenia | DIC | Hemolysis | All | Microbiology | null | cc3d5774-e123-46db-948b-1bd1394a7a80 | multi |
If you wanted to increase the penetrating quality of the x-ray beam, what machine setting(s) would you change? | null | 4 | Increase exposure time, mA, and kVp | Increase the mA and the kVp | Increase the mA | Increase the kVp | Radiology | null | 45561a98-34e4-46b7-a46e-cc39b9a31a71 | single |
Blast cells of ALL in childhood have: | CALLA +ve The blast cells of ALL mayor may not react to Common Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA). They are classified as CALLA +ve or CALLA -ve | 3 | Excessive mitochondria | Antibodies on WBC | CALLA+ve | Surface antigen | Surgery | null | 60c85ee8-bea0-4d91-a362-1892e39396c2 | multi |
Reverse bevel is indicated for all of the following cast materials except: | Reverse bevel is placed at the expense of the gingival floor, creating an internal dentinal plane inclining gingival - axially, locking the restoration and preventing proximal displacement. It always has a flat dentinal transition between it and the proximal gingival level.
It can only be used when the gingival floor has... | 2 | Class I, II | Cast ceramics | Class III | Class IV | Dental | null | 615391a8-4218-4022-aa7e-a7ba1e739730 | multi |
A 20-year-old patient presents to the OPD with complaints of abdominal pain, weakness since 2 months. The stool microscopy reveals the following. The most probable causative agent is | The given clinical history and the stool microscopy showing the egg is suggestive of Ancylostoma duodenale. Eggs of both Ancylostoma Duodenale (old world hookworm) and Necator Americanus(new world hookworm) are identical. The characteristics of hookworm eggs are: Oval or elliptical, colorless non-bile stained Has a thi... | 4 | Ascaris lumbricoides | Strongyloides stercoralis | Enterobius vermicularis | Ancylostoma duodenale | Microbiology | miscellaneous | 648c7797-3c74-43d7-bc68-27e8d4b644e8 | single |
Heart failure cells are seen in - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lungs o Heart failure cells are hemosiderin containing macrophages in alveoli that are seen in left ventricular failure and denotes previous episodes of pulmonary edema. | 3 | Kidney | Heart | Lungs | Brain | Pathology | Misc. | 8714166c-7b0b-47c6-88a8-3c5aa53c9e47 | single |
Immune complex deposition is the basic underlying pathology in which type of hypersensitivity reaction? | Ref: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. 8flt editionExplanation:(See the following table) | 3 | Type I | Type 2 | Type 3 | Type 4 | Pathology | Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Mediated Injury | 48ed7128-2b0d-4cf5-861c-534a11bbc4c3 | single |
A 45 year male presents with delirium, increased body temperature, dryness, dilated pupils and HR 130/min. Possible diagnosis: | (Ref: Katzung Pharmacology, 14th ed. pg. 127-28)Organophosphates are irreversible Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which is well absorbed from the skin, lung, gut, and conjunctiva--thereby making them dangerous to humans and highly effective as insecticides.Due to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, acetylcholine ... | 3 | Carbamate poisoning | Organophosphate poisoning | Atropine poisoning | Cocaine poisoning | Pharmacology | A.N.S. | 4a9ce7e9-2bb8-4963-888d-5df043a436ac | single |
A 27 year old patient presented with left sided abdominal pain to the emergency room; 6 hours after an A. He is hemodynamically stable and FAST positive. A CECT (contrast enhanced CT) scan shows a contrast blush along with a grade III laceration. What will be the most appropriate management. | The presence of blush on the CT scan is indicative of potential ongoing bleeding & increased likelihood of need for operative intervention. The presence of blush has also been used as a trigger for angiographc embolisation in hemodynamically stable patients to prevent ongoing or recurrent bleeding. Reference: Greenfiel... | 3 | Splenectomy | Spenorrhaphy | Splenic aery embolization | Conservative management | Surgery | Trauma | 39579800-6916-43e0-a4f2-24dad5c50919 | multi |
orbital cellulitis is complication of: | Orbital cellulitis can occur as a complication of sinusitis and injuries.As far as endoscopic sinus surgery is concerned,it can lead to orbital and intracranial complications so orbital cellulitis can occurvin it also. Ref Scott Brown 7/e,Vol 2,p 1485. | 4 | para sinusitis | Faciomaxillary trauma | Endoscopic sinus surgery | All of these | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses | 7be9d7ce-6439-4035-b364-9f01cd9daaca | multi |
The therapeutic efficacy of antihypeensive drugs is blunted by NSAIDs because of : | NSAIDs inhibit Prostaglandin production including PGI2 which causes vasodilatation Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed | 4 | Cause sodium excretion | Increase in the clearance of antihypeensive drugs | Decrease in the absorption of antihypeensive drugs | Decrease in the synthesis of vascular prostacyclin | Pharmacology | Autacoids | 0be62463-06de-4d8b-9a29-0bb720edf495 | single |
A 35-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with dyspnea. During physical examination her S1 heart sound is very loud. Which of the following valves is most likely defective? | The mitral valve corresponds to the S1 heart sound produced during systole. The aortic and pulmonary valves correspond to the S2 heart sound produced during diastole. The tricuspid valve also corresponds with the S1 heart sound. The aortic valve, however, corresponds with the S2 sound, so this answer would be incorrect... | 1 | Mitral valve | Aortic | Pulmonary | Aortic and pulmonary | Anatomy | Thorax | 9b46dcf3-40a5-4a2c-8682-e37f321252af | single |
Not a radiological finding of scurvy | Fraying is seen in Rickets. | 4 | Palkan spur | Pencil - thin cortex | Wimburger sign | Fraying of metaphysis | Radiology | null | 0452790b-ffe1-4b13-9448-2de489f68fbb | single |
C3b is converted to C3 convertase by | C3b is converted to C3 convertase by Factor B, Factor D, Properdin. | 1 | Factor D | Factor H | Factor I | All the above | Microbiology | null | 6412c131-b7d3-4a7c-9f12-4ee1a343fda0 | multi |
All enzyme activity is increased in fasting state Except | MetabolismRegulatory enzymesLipid metabolism Fatty acid oxidation Carnitine acyl transferase 1KetogenesisHMG CoA synthaseLipolysis Hormone sensitive lipaseCarbohydrate metabolism Glycogenolysis Glycogen phosphorylase Gluconeogenesis Pyruvate carboxylasePhospho enol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)Fructose1,6 bisphosphata... | 1 | Acetyl - CoA carboxylase | Carnitine acyl transferase | PEPCK | Pyruvate carboxylase | Pathology | All India exam | 615749e8-7f05-416d-a06a-c59e4003c2af | multi |
A patient is having bronchodilation, increased temperature, constipation and tachycardia. The tentative diagnosis is | null | 4 | Oraganophosphate poisoning | Paracetamol poisoning | Mushroom poisoning | Atropine poisoning | Pharmacology | null | ae2c231d-d282-4015-b466-92842b25d218 | single |
Trismus in parapharyngeal abscess is due to spasm of: | Styloid process divides the pharynx into anterior and posterior compament. Trismus occurs in infection of anterior compament whereas toicollis (due to spasm of paraveebral muscles) occurs in the infection of posterior compament. | 2 | Masseter muscle | Medial pterygoid | Lateral pterygoid | Temporalis | ENT | null | 0cb12bca-066b-454a-80d8-a1a48ec209d3 | single |
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