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Antigliadin antibodies are delectable in - | Anti-gliadin antibodies were one of the first serological markers for coeliac disease. Problematic with AGA is the typical sensitivity and specificity was about 85% Ref Davidson edition23rd pg 806 | 3 | Tropical sprue | Whipple's disease | Celiac disease | Intestinal lymphoma | Medicine | G.I.T | d35133c3-918f-4a7b-b395-d29ac9f32591 | single |
Which of the following is iron chelator: | Ans. A. DesferrioxamineEDTA is used for Manganese, iron, lead, bismuth. BAL is used for bismuth arsenic and lead. Penicillamine is used for copper poisoning. Dessferrioxime is iron chelator. | 1 | Desferrioxamine | EDTA | BAL | Penicillamine | Pharmacology | Chelating Agent | 9ae640a0-4de9-4aa9-9ea8-8808f6cdab49 | single |
A child presents with stridor, barking cough and difficulty in breathing since 2-3 days. He has fever and elevated leukocyte count. All of the following statements about his condition are true, EXCEPT: | null | 4 | Subglottis stenosis and hypopharyngeal dilatation may be seen on X-rays | Boys are more commonly affected than girls | Symptoms are predominantly caused by involvement of the subglottis | Antibiotics form the mainstay of treatment | ENT | null | d2a10f64-4757-4e33-bc86-6d53f72aa9b2 | multi |
PACS in medical imaging stands for: | C i.e. Picture archiving communication system Picture archiving & communication system (PACS) makes hospitals filmless; as it uses digital imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, MRI and digital x-ray (rather than traditional x ray films). Electronic patient record (EPR) or Electronic medical record (EMR) accommodate e... | 3 | Poal Archiving Common System | Photo Archiving Computerized System | Picture archieving communication system | Planning archiving communication scheme | Radiology | null | e26b5d0c-00e0-4e32-9acf-da919604639c | single |
An 8 days old neonate presents with hypoglycemia (Glucose - 17 mg%) and jaundice is diagnosed to have metabolic disorder. Most likely diagnosis: | B i.e. GalactosemiaRef: Nelson, Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th edition, page 726/Manuai of Neonatal Care, ClohertyExplanation:GalactosemiaDue to deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT).Newborn develop symptoms after ingestion of lactose (glucose-galactose disaccharide) through a standard formula or b... | 2 | Hypothyroidism | Galactosemia | Glycogen storage disease | Fatty acid oxidation defect | Pediatrics | Inborn Errors of Metabolism | 3a790e91-6887-40a1-a3c2-90faeb17e734 | single |
Which of the following is not an appropriate investigation for anterior urethral stricture ? | Radiological investigations for urethral stricture are :-
(1) Retrograde urethrography;
(2) Micturating cystourethrography;
(3) Endoscopy (urethroscopy);
(4) Sonographic urethrogram;
(5) High frequency USG. | 1 | Magnetic resonance imaging | Retrograde urethrogram | Micturating cystourethrogram | High frequency ultrasound | Radiology | null | 82000464-7714-4d05-b61d-49c2e0270182 | single |
Blood is of fetal origin in: | Ans. C i.e. Vasa pre | 3 | Placenta pre | Abruptio placentae | Vasa pre | Placenta accreta | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 8580e4dd-929a-44eb-8974-d6609fce558f | single |
Which is a protease inhibitor? | (C) Squanavir | 3 | Azothymidine | Zidovudine | Squanavir | Acyclovir | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) | 89f39fe0-e6cf-4413-b600-bdaeb9a0db0e | single |
Meyers Kouwenaar syndrome is a synonym for - | Occult FilariasisThis term is applied to clinical conditions not directly due to lymphatic involvement, but to hypersensitivity reactions to filarial antigens. Here microfilariae are not seen in blood but may be present at the affected sites. The condition may be caused by Wuchereria, Brugia or by some animal filaria a... | 3 | Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia | Larva migrans | Occult filariasis | Cutaneous allergic reactions to Ascariasis | Microbiology | parasitology | 418d76dd-c1f7-4902-a073-1732cae434ac | multi |
How many antenatal visits covering the entire period of pregnancy are minimum required? | Minimum no. of Antenatal visits required in Pregnancy : 4 1st visit - within 12 weeks, preferably as soon as the pregnancy is suspected, for registration of pregnancy and first antenatal check-up. 2nd visit between 14 and 26 weeks POG. 3rd visit - between 28 and 34 weeks POG. 4th visit - between 36 weeks - Delivery Rec... | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 13 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Obstetric Care in RCH: Visits, IFA, TT, MCH Indicators | 26d33fa5-127e-4d77-87c6-718cf568698d | single |
Which of the following anaemias is a risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoma ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pernicious anaemia | 1 | Pernicious anaemia | Megaloblastic anaemia | Aplastic anaemia | Haemolytic anaemia | Surgery | null | 2c4dbe65-cc2a-444e-ab53-5a533ca1cfac | single |
All of the following about LSD intoxication are true except - | Drug of choice for LSD intoxication is Diazepam. Neuroleptics (e.g. phenothiazines) may have psychomimetic effects and thus are not indicated in patients with LSD intoxication. | 4 | Panic | Confusion | Hypereflexia | Treatment is phenothiazines | Psychiatry | null | ccd7d16e-937b-465c-8234-01d85e93e601 | multi |
Standard Deviation (SD) formula | null | 3 | Highest X-lowest X/2 | Σ(X-X)/n | Σ(X-X)2/n | Σ(X-X)2/n-1 | Dental | null | 4024ceec-f4e7-487a-a64f-086240f99e4c | single |
A patient has been diagnosed with achalasia. He refused surgery initially, preferring to try nonoperative therapy. He tried life-style modification, calcium channel blockers, botulin toxin injection, and endoscopic pneumatic dilatation. None of the treatments alleviated his symptoms. What are his surgical options? | A healthy patient with achalasia who has failed nonoperative management should be considered for surgical intervention. Pneumatic dilatation is first-line therapy. It causes disruption of the muscular layers of the LES. A balloon is placed endoscopically at the level of the LES. Fluoroscopically is used to visualize th... | 3 | Esophagectomy | Surgical esophagomyotomy proximal to the LES | Modified Heller myotomy and partial fundoplication | Repeat pneumatic dilation using pressures of loops | Surgery | Stomach & Duodenum | 991076da-45a2-402c-96b2-87a0752b0ec5 | multi |
In which of the following condition elevated ACTH and coisol levels in comparison to a normal individual in the evening | Addison disease primary adrenal insufficiency due to disease that destroy the adrenal coex ref : harissons 21st ed | 3 | addison disease | normal person after giving dexamethasone | normal person after waking up in morning | Cushing's syndrome | Medicine | All India exam | a6a912d2-cc82-4961-8ce8-0d6335444fae | single |
In renal failure diuretic phase occur on - | Oliguric (anuric) phase: Urine output decreases from renal tubule damage. 3. Diuretic phase: The kidneys try to heal and urine output increases, but tubule scarring and damage occur occurs in 14-20 days.. Recovery phase: Tubular edema resolves and renal function improves. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 288 | 4 | 11st day | 3rd day | 28-35 day | 14-18 day | Medicine | Kidney | a2aadaa4-5d1e-4206-b192-bbb731225874 | single |
Aspirin is contraindicated in a case who is on treatment with: | Warfarin | 2 | Prednisolone | Warfarin | Theophyline | Oral contraceptives | Pharmacology | null | bf1c2d0d-4220-4d96-b6ba-faea5ae97c80 | single |
Which of the following is true about incidence? | INCIDENCE Incidence rate is defined as "the number of NEW cases occurring in a defined population during a specified period of time". It will be seen from the above definition that incidence rate refers a. only to new cases b. during a given period (usually one year) c. in a specified population or "population at risk"... | 4 | Used for chronic conditions | Measures old & new cases | More than prevalence | Not affected by duration | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology | 58064deb-6396-48df-ba5b-ea4a4ced94cb | multi |
Shoest and narrowest pa of fallopian tube: | Pas of the fallopian tube Interstitial pa: shoest, internal diameter 1mm (narrowest) Isthmus:35 mm long, lumen diameter 2-3 mm Ampulla: 60-75 mm long, widest . Feilisation takes place here Infundibulum: where abdominal ostium opens into the peritoneal cavity | 1 | Interstitial | Isthmus | Ampulla | Infundibulum | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Maternal Anatomy and Physiology | c31a9c7c-a2c2-43fd-99c8-557f34e0a26d | multi |
All of the following statement about Kawasaki's disease are true except | Kawasaki disease is a vasculitis that mostly involves the coronary vessels. It presents as an acute systemic disorder, usually affecting children under 5 years.Kawasaki's disease is an acute, febrile, multisystem disease of children. Some 80% of cases occur prior to the age of 5, with the peak incidence occurring at <=... | 4 | It is the most common immune mediated vasculitis in children | Coronary aery aneurysm is seen in 25% of patients | Intravenous imunoglobuIin is indicated only in patients with coronary aery aneurysm | All the above | Medicine | Immune system | fe489f1e-4968-4828-97b0-81f86c61a3b6 | multi |
Which of the following is least in protein quality ? | null | 1 | Gelatin | Lactalbumin | Albumin | Cashewnut protein | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 5044c202-c35b-42f9-90c3-0bbd5ca70efb | single |
Capsule of Cryptococcus in CSF is best seen by- | Negative staining with India ink or Nigrosine are used to stain the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF or blood. | 2 | Gram stain | India ink preparation | Mucicarmine stain | Methenamine silver stain | Microbiology | Mycology | 1775d277-8146-40ff-a234-6948edaa380f | single |
True about Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency is? | (255) All of the above REF: Robbin's 7th ed p. 913 Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency: Due to protease inhibitor deficiency Increased neutrophill elastase Neonatal cholestasis may occur, Hepatocellular carcinoma may also develop Pulmonary disease may occur in form of emphysema Gene located on chromosome 14 | 4 | Deficiency of protease inhibitor | Autosomal recessive | May cause cholestatic jaundice | All of the above | Pediatrics | null | 95251171-c485-491a-9fd8-7ef019fe8075 | multi |
Which of the following structure is fixed during reimplantation of an amputated digit | . | 1 | Bone | Aery | Vein | Nerve | Surgery | Trauma | 237c5a74-0546-4635-8e24-75e547abd254 | single |
All are methods of sterilization by dry heat except - | Dry heat : Flaming, incineration, hot air REF:Ananthanarayan & paniker's textbook of Microbiology 9th edition page no 78 | 4 | Flaming | Incineration | Hot air oven | Autoclaving | Microbiology | general microbiology | 9b17937f-b100-49cd-80b7-de2c2187d224 | multi |
Scabard trachea is seen in - | null | 4 | Thyroid cancer | Thyroiditis | Goitre | All the above | Surgery | null | 21d0c527-2b21-4a9e-b77f-407e9dfee6ba | multi |
NOT true about fungal Corneal ulcer | Fungal Corneal ulcer is painless. | 1 | Excruciating pain in the eye | Feathery margins | Large hypopyon, non sterile and non mobile | Multiple satellite like lesions | Ophthalmology | null | f048cf08-3a5d-493a-80ee-423c172fbaef | multi |
Zollinger Ellison syndrome is characterized by | Endocrine causes of duodenal ulcers can be Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, MEN syndrome, hyperparathyroidism.ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME is characterised by fulminant ulcer in stomach and duodenum and its recurrences in spite of adequate therapy .they are also characterised by non-beta cell islet tumours of pancreas Ref: SR... | 4 | Fulminating ulcer in stomach and duodenum | Recurrent ulceration despite adequate therapy | Non-beta islet cell tumors of the pancreas | All of the above | Surgery | G.I.T | 69cea29b-f416-499e-a554-b9b74c57ca64 | multi |
Which of the following is the most likely cause of infants hyperbilirubinemia | Diseases or conditions that can cause jaundice include: Internal bleeding (hemorrhage) An infection in your baby&;s blood (sepsis) Other viral or bacterial infections. An incompatibility between the mother&;s blood and the baby&;s blood. A liver malfunction. An enzyme deficiency. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8... | 3 | Biliary atresia | Breast milk jaundice | Breast feeding jaundice | ABO incompatibility | Pediatrics | Gastrointestinal tract | 322f7eca-fe38-4648-8156-20ca3f92ae1f | single |
The absence of intestinal motility in the normal small intestine is best described as | . | 4 | A migrating motor complex | An interdigeti ve state | Segmentation | Physiological ileus | Anatomy | All India exam | 7ac08b51-24df-4d08-8cc4-999b18cdaadf | multi |
Which of the following is the most toxic compound of mercury? | Mercuric chloride or corrosive sublimate is the most toxic compound of mercury. Characteristic features of chronic mercury poisoning are danbury tremors, hatters shakes, concussio mercurialis, mercurial erethism, mercuriolentis and acrodynia. Ref: Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by Dr K S Narayan Reddy 2... | 1 | Chloride | Oxide | Cyanide | Chromate | Forensic Medicine | null | 6e1bda68-9836-424a-8093-8f2b5316e142 | single |
Cobblestone conjunctivitis is seen in - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Spring Cattarrh * Cobble-stone or pavement stone appearance is seen in spring catarrh.Important signs of spring catarrhConjunctivalCornealPalpebralBulbar# Punctate epithelial keratitis# Ulcerative vernal keratitis: shallow transverse ulcer (Shield ulcer)# Vernal corneal plaques# Subepithelial scarring... | 1 | Spring Cattarrh | Phylctenular conjunctivitis | Inclusion conjunctivitis | Giany papillary conjunctivitis | Ophthalmology | Conjuctiva | 5e63828f-6f58-44e7-97d5-d55f50640f1b | single |
Commonest cause of sustained severe hypertension in children: | Ans. is 'c' Renal parenchymal disease Most common cause of persistent hypertension in child is - Intrinsic Renal DiseaseIntrinsic renal diseases causing persistent hypertensionChronic glomerulonephritis (Most common).Chronic pyelonephritisObstructive uropathyRenal tumours | 3 | Endocrine causes | Coarctation of aorta | Renal parenchyma disease | Pheochromocytoma | Medicine | Hypertension | a916a206-202b-40a4-8698-d539f7152bc6 | single |
Blood group antigens chemically are made up of ? | Blood group antigens (ABO) Made up of glycoproteins. Expressed on the surface of RBCs and Platelets. | 2 | Carbohydrate | Glycoprotein | Phospholipids | Polysaccharide | Pathology | Platelet | 464d48bf-88da-4cb6-9e34-0c67a2c90fad | multi |
A patient presents with fever, uicaria, itching and swelling followed by injection of Penicillin. It is due to | There are two clinical pictures that can result from penicillin allergy, namely acute (Type I) and sub-acute reactions (Type II) mediated by IgE and IgG antibodies respectively. The acute allergic reaction arises immediately or rapidly within minutes to an hour or two and includes sudden anaphylaxis with hypotension, b... | 1 | IgG Hypersensitivity | IgE Hypersensitivity | Delayed Hypersensitivity | Immune complex Hypersensitivity | Microbiology | Immunology | d82f0a67-8017-43f8-b28c-6ec584ff3de3 | single |
Prophylactic antibiotics are most effective during | In the first 4 hours, after a breach in an epithelial surface and underlying connective tissues, there is delay in the mobilisation of host defences. This period is called 'decisive period' and during this period, bacterial colonisation and established infection can begin. It is logical that prophylactic antibiotics wi... | 1 | Decisive period | Infection period | Latent period | Golden period | Surgery | null | 04c44096-c8cd-4ba8-b41a-2c9ff9e89b16 | single |
All are radiological features of Mitral stenosis except – | Radiological signs of mitral stenosis
Due to left atrial enlargement:- Straightening of left heart border, elevation of left main bronchus with the widening of the carina, double atrial shadow (Double density sign), posterior displacement of the esophagus on barium swallow, Prominent posterosuperior part of the cardia... | 2 | Straight left border of heart | Oligemia of upper lung fields | Pulmonary hemosiderosis | Lifting of left bronchus | Radiology | null | 059067ac-7fc1-4fb8-8439-ca2a67a57c9c | multi |
Shoest acting benzodiazepine is? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Triazolam o Midazolam (slightly shoer acting than triazolam) and triazolam are shoest acting BZDs. | 3 | Flurazepam | Alprazolam | Triazolam | Diazepam | Pharmacology | null | cee6bda9-7a18-4aad-b66a-46c5c6829fb1 | single |
All are complication of tonsillitis EXCEPT: | Ans. (c) Malignant changeRef: DhingrcTs ENT 5th ed. / 272-273* Acute tonsillitis often affects school-going children, but it can also affect adults.Cause:* MCC: Group A Beta Hemolytic streptococcus* Acute infections of tonsil may involve these components and are thus classified as:# Acute catarrhal or superficial tonsi... | 3 | Otitis media | Abscess | Malignant change | Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis | ENT | Operative Surgery | 95678d26-cc64-4701-84c2-f0176ee6c324 | multi |
All of the following statement about H (hormone replacement therapy) are true except | There is evidence that the progestogen pa of combined H can counteract the cancer-causing effects of the oestrogen pa, when it comes to endometrial cancer. But it depends on the type of combined H used. But it's impoant to remember that combined H causes the greatest increase in risk for breast cancer Ref Robbins 9/e p... | 4 | It increases the risk of coronary aery disease | It increases bone mineral density | It increases the risk of breast cancer | It increases the risk of endometrial cancer | Medicine | Genetics | 46ccae01-a270-4d72-9764-b8d248009b20 | multi |
Microscopic examination of a tumor shows 'Schiller Duval Bodies' which are characteristically seen in: | Yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) is a germ cell tumor. The clinical presentation is similar to that of sarcoma botryoides, and the most common symptom is bloody vaginal discharge. Grossly, yolk sac tumor appears polypoid or sessile and often ulcerated. On microscopic examination, these tumors most commonly have ... | 1 | Endodermal sinus tumor | Choriocarcinoma | Granuloma cell tumor | Arrhenoblastoma | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 42142e44-d1ac-4a40-93bb-78dedb033c1c | multi |
In which direction carcinoma maxilla spread to presented with pain refers to upper tooth | i.e. (Inferior): (221-Dhingra 5th)The direction of spread and extent of growth in Carcinoma of Maxillary Sinus* Medial spread - to the nasal cavity gives rise to nasal obstruction, discharge, and epistaxis.* Anterior spread - causes swelling of the cheek and later invasion of the facial skin* Inferior spread - causes e... | 3 | Medial | Lateral | Inferior | Posterior | Unknown | null | f75777da-e781-4cec-87ac-22cb99371764 | single |
Gallow's traction is used for fracture: | Ans is 'a' i.e. Shaft femur Gallows traction is used for treatment of fracture shaft femur, in infants and children < 2 yrs of age.Weight must not be more than 12 kgs.Both the fractured and the normal femur are placed in skin traction and the infant is suspended by these from a special frame. The buttocks should be lif... | 1 | Shaft femur | Neck femur | Shaft tibia | Tibial tuberosity | Orthopaedics | Management In Orthopedics | 7cbec602-cc32-4eca-ab1e-f4530cd6c641 | multi |
"Gold standard" surgical procedure for prevention of aspiration is: | Aspiration is the passage of foreign material beyond the vocal cords: The larynx has 3 distinct functions - respiration, phonation and airway protection. Dysfunction of larynx can lead to aspiration. The primary goal of treatment of aspiration is to separate the upper digestive tract from the upper respiratory tract fo... | 3 | Thyroplasty | Tracheostomy | Tracheal division and permanent tracheostome | Feeding gastrostomy/jejunostomy | ENT | null | bbec20be-6a74-49ce-8f25-5133d439a8df | single |
A 75-year-old male patient who has recent hemiparesis came to the hospital for followup. On physical examination, stroking the plantar surface of foot produced a reflex extension of large toe and fanning of lateral toes. This is due to damage to one of the following structures | Upper motor neurons typically refer to coicospinal tract neurons that innervate spinal motor neurons, but they can also include brainstem neurons that control spinal motor neurons. Damage to these neurons initially causes muscles to become weak and flaccid but eventually leads to spasticity, hypeonia (increased resista... | 4 | Cerebellum | Basal ganglia | Lower motor neuron | Upper motor neuron | Physiology | Nervous system | 09c911e9-9268-4b05-ac1e-e7ebd57606cc | single |
Mitochondrial membrance protein contain transpoer of | The electron transpo chain in the mitochondrial membrane has been separated in 4 (four) complexes or components as follows: Complex I: NADH-CoQ reductaseComplex II: Succinate-CoQ reductase Complex III: CoQ-cytochrome C reductase Complex IV: Cytochrome C oxidaseRef: MN Chatterjea Textbook of Medical Biochemistry, 8th Ed... | 1 | NADH | Acetyl COA | NADPH | ATP | Biochemistry | Respiratory chain | 0f274793-2776-4b28-9167-786e7b978736 | single |
In a chronic smoker which hemoptysis, he also gave a history of hypeension and obesity. Lab data showed raised ACTH levels, which are not suppressed by dexamethasone. The cause of Cushing's syndrome in the patient is - | - History of chronic smoking and hemoptysis along with raised ACTH levels not suppressible by dexamethasone points to ectopic ACTH producing small cell carcinoma of lung. | 4 | MEN1 | Pituitary adenoma | Adrenal coical adenoma | Ectopic ACTH secreting tumor | Pathology | Adrenal Gland | 1fd8d936-fd49-4ea2-af44-5aead61ed7a8 | single |
Forceps delivery is indicated in all of the following conditions, except | In brow presentation, the engaging diameter of head is mentoveical (14cm) . In this case vaginal delivery is impossible and elective caesarean section is usually performed. | 4 | Face presentation | Occipitoposterior | After warming head in breech | Brow presentation | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 5f78e814-3bd6-4283-a743-85ba0501782a | multi |
All causes brain lesions except - rpt | Guardia lamblia causes giardiasis. the parasite attaches itself to the epithelial surface of duodenum and jejunum and causes disturbance of intestinal function leading to malabsoption of fat. The patient may complaints of persistent loosened of bowel and mild steatorrhoea. REF:Baveja textbook of microbiology 3rd editio... | 1 | Giardiasis | Tuberculosis | Cysticercosis | Bacteroids | Microbiology | mycology | 7c73afb1-9bd9-4396-a771-bd66e187c7d8 | multi |
Heparin is a: | Ans. A. Glycosamino Glycan(Ref: Harper 31/e page 605)Heparin is a Glycosamino Glycan.Glycosamino Glycans are heteropolysacchrides.Disaccharide repeat unit is Glucosamine and Iduronic acid.Initially uronic acid present is Glucuronic acid, 5 epimerase convert 90% of GlcUA to IdUA.Heparin is found in the granules of mast ... | 1 | Glycosamino glycan | Polysaccharide | Proteoglycan | Carbohydrate | Biochemistry | Carbohydrates | 6129bfff-ab80-4448-b6dc-93bf0a8408c4 | single |
Most sensitive investigation for air embolism is – | Although transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the most sensitive method for venous air embolism (VAE) detection and is considered the "gold standard", it is costly and more invasive. When properly placed, a precordial Doppler is capable of identifying VAE at an air infusion rate as low as 0.015 ml/kg/ min and cons... | 3 | Decreased tidal volume of CO2 | Decreased tidal volume of NO2 | Doppler ultrasound | Central venous presure | Radiology | null | 2e7b632e-6213-4aa4-a602-d8762978d758 | single |
Multiple painful ulcers with inguinal lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis is? | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Chancroid* Chancaroid characteristically present with multiple painful ulcers with no or soft induration with painful suppurative inguinal lymphadenopathy.* They have undermined, sloughed erythematous edges & bleed easily.Characteristics of various different types of genital ulcersi) Primary syphilis (... | 2 | Syphilis | Chancroid | LGV | Donovanosis | Skin | S.T.D. | f1605173-dab6-4527-b80c-b3133498cb83 | single |
Copper is mainly transpoed by | Normally, dietary copper is more than body's requirement. Excess copper so absorbed through the stomach and duodenum is transpoed to the liver where it is incorporated into a2-globulin to form ceruloplasmin, which is excreted by the liver bile normally. Most of the plasma copper circulates as ceruloplasmin. Only minute... | 1 | Ceruloplasmin | Albumin | Haptoglobin | Globulin | Pathology | G.I.T | 0a266f11-75ce-4ff1-bd51-74c370e8c995 | single |
Indication of Manchester operation in prolapse : | Ans. is b and c i.e. Women of < 35 yrs age; and Patient who wants child bearing function Fothergill's repair It is suitable for women under 40 years who are desirous of retaining their menstrual and reproductive function." In congenital elongation of cervix management is amputation of cervix which is just a pa of Fothe... | 2 | Nulliparous | Women of < 35 yrs age | Patient who wants child bearing function | Congenital elongation of cervix | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 3ae6beef-bcd1-452f-ab89-01b8c874fa39 | single |
Mental retardation is a clinical feature of: | Ans. (d) PhenylketonuriaRef: Harrisons 20th ed. P 3015 - 16Phenylketonuria* MC metabolic disorder of amino acid* Seen due to deficiency of enzyme: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase* Increased phenylalanine in blood - metabolized to phenylketones - excreted in urine - hence the name Phenylketonuria (PKU).* MC organ damaged due ... | 4 | Alkaptonuria | Albinism | Hawkinsinuria | Phenylketonuria | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids | 4a49e6c7-d435-487e-a76f-6aa7e4f22c42 | single |
Which of the following ducts are not associated with salivary glands | The accessory pancreatic duct is called the Duct of Santorini.The duct of submandibular gland is Whaon ductThe duct of the parotid gland is Stensen ductThe duct of sublingual gland drains by multiple small numerous small ducts all of which open into the floor of the mouth and are collectively termed as duct of RivinusR... | 4 | Whaon's duct | Stensen's duct | Ducts Of Rivinus | Ducts Of Santorini | Surgery | Head and neck | 6890d801-6bb2-4bb8-be8e-8187721598b4 | single |
Which of the following drugs is most likely to be absorbed from the stomach? | DICLOFENAC IS ABSORBED THROUGH STOMACH.Ref:KDT 6/e pg. 12 | 2 | Morphine sulfate | Diclofenac sodium | Hyoscine hydrobromide | Quininedi hydrochloride | Pharmacology | All India exam | 08bd11a0-6d62-4123-b533-20026e1dfae1 | single |
In the presence of renal failure.............. should not be given - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Spironolactone In renal failure loop diuretics (Furosemide, Bometanide. Torasemide) are DOC. Thiazides are ineffective in renal failure. Spironolactone can cause dangerous hyperkalemia if renal function is inadequate. | 3 | Furosemide | Bumetanide | Spironolactone | null | Pharmacology | null | 0a700e53-b96d-4000-9273-9fbb08d192a8 | multi |
A 38-year-old woman complains to her physician of chronic pelvic pain that is much worse during her menstrual periods. Pelvic examination demonstrates an enlarged uterus with multiple palpable masses. Ultrasound shows that a large number of ball-like masses up to 6 cm diameter are present in the uterus. Which of the fo... | Leiomyomas are benign ball-like masses that commonly form in the uterus. Cervical and uterine carcinomas tend to initially form a fairly superficial layer of cancer on the surface of the endocervix or uterine cavity, which may later become deeply infiltrative. Usually, no ball-like mass is produced. Leiomyosarcomas are... | 3 | Cervical adenocarcinoma | Cervical squamous cell carcinoma | Leiomyoma | Leiomyosarcoma | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 5acc9710-b1e4-4df3-8fc9-618fbb4faa35 | multi |
Most common route of spread of Hepatitis E is - | HEV is transmittef by fecal oral route REF:<\p> ANATHANARAYANAN MICROBIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.540 | 2 | Sex | Feco-oral | Blood transfusion | IV injections | Microbiology | Virology | e39c9ccd-c9a4-4533-939a-9a6438d78c7d | single |
Treatment of choice for HIV and TB along with Rifampicin is? | ANSWER: (C) RitonavirREF: Harrisons 17th ed chapter 182Ritonavir has a high affinity for several isoforms of cytochrome P450, and its use can result in large increases in the plasma concentrations of drugs metabolized by this pathway. Rifampicin is metabolized by the pathway and hence ritonavir used with rifampicin in ... | 3 | Saquinavir | Nevirapine | Ritonavir | Amprenavir | Medicine | Virology | f9448e51-bfe6-4f32-a3e8-4e9129fa63ba | single |
Investigation of choice for diagnosing macular edema:- | Optical Coherence Tomography Non-excisional "OPTICAL BIOPSY" Uses low coherence interferometry, employs michelson interferometer 830 nm infrared light, Super luminescent diode light source. Not very specific in hazy media and myopic discs | 3 | Biopsy | FA | Optical coherence tomography | ERG | Ophthalmology | Retina | b3ecd7fb-b0e9-40f8-bea1-596b3cdafe80 | single |
Kawasaki disease is associated with all of the following clinical features except - | null | 3 | Truncal rash | Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy | Thrombocytopenia | Conjunctivitis | Medicine | null | 87a65dc3-7cae-47ff-a587-e7b0c65a72be | multi |
Cell injury occurs due to - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., ATP; 'b' i.e., is Cytosolic Ca'; 'c' i.e., Membrane damage; Cell injury o Cell injury results when cells are stressed so severly that they are no longer able to adapt i.e., when the limits of adaptive response to a stimulus are exceeded, cell injury occurs. o Cell injury is reversible up to a ceain po... | 4 | L ATP | T Cytosolic Ca' | Membrane damage | All | Pathology | null | 2478b1d0-9b26-4742-b6a1-56f21e8f5e0b | multi |
Dyslipidemia associated with alcohol consumption- | Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids (e.g. triglycerides, cholesterol and/or fat phospholipids) in the blood. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood. This is often due to diet and lifestyle. Prolonged elevation of insulin levels can also lead... | 2 | Decreased HDL | Increased HDL | Decreased triglycerase | Decreased lipoprotein | Medicine | Miscellaneous | eef4765a-d087-4d1f-96bb-1faa7cdbe32f | single |
Muscles are not involved in which glycogen storage disease- | - Muscle Glycogen Storage Diseases-TypeNameEnzyme DefectIIPompe's diseaseLysosomal a1, 4 & a1, 6 glucosidaseVMcArdle's diseaseMuscle phosphorylaseVII Muscle and erythrocyte phosphofructokinase 1 | 2 | Type III | Type I | Type IV | Type II | Biochemistry | null | 8087e4ac-dfc2-4feb-9c6e-4a9b6a0beeaf | single |
A middle aged chronic alcoholic man complains of burning sensation in the mouth. On examination he has thickened, dry, smooth tongue with absence of the filliform papillae. MCV is 100. Which of the following should be first line of approach in the management of this patient? | The above given scenario is likely a case of Vitamin B12 deficiency hence estimation of Vitamin B12 levels should be the first step in management. Its deficiency may cause a bilateral peripheral neuropathy or degeneration (demyelination) of the cervical and thoracic posterior and lateral (pyramidal) tracts of the spina... | 1 | Estimation of Vitamin B12 levels | Brush biopsy | Sta Antifungal therapy | Incisional biopsy | Medicine | Anemia | 36d48d88-55cd-494b-b83c-e87f3ef61dfe | single |
The following complications are likely to increase in a case of severe anemia during the pregnancy except : | Subinvolution | 4 | Pre-eclampsia | Intercurrent infection | Hea failure | Subinvolution | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | a180015d-ce4d-4fa7-973e-8f8e77554e8e | multi |
A child is brought to your clinic for a routine examination. She can put on a T-shirt but requires a bit of help dressing otherwise. She can copy a circle well but has difficulty in copying a square. Her speech is understandable and she knows four colors. She balances proudly on each foot for 2 seconds but is unable to... | Four- and five-year-old children should be able to copy a square and a cross; children younger than this age have difficulty with this task. By 4 years of age, their language should be fully understandable by the examiner. Children begin to be able to name four colors, define five words, and know three adjectives. A 4-... | 1 | 1 year | 2 years | 3 years | 4 years | Pediatrics | Growth, Development, and Behavior | 7636dd3c-b3d2-4ec7-8fa8-b714be797ee7 | single |
Which of the following rib is known as floating rib? | Ans. D 11Ref: Netter's Clinical Anatomy, 3rd ed. pg. 89* The 11th and 12th ribs are floating ribs as they are free at their ends.* The 8th, 9th and 10th ribs are false ribs as they are joined to form cartilage of rib immediately above.* The first 7 pair of ribs are true ribs. | 4 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Anatomy | Thorax | d820d342-8ca4-411a-9ac9-add7729188cf | single |
The infarcted myocardium is replaced by scar tissue is in - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 6 weeks | 3 | 2 weeks | 4 weeks | 6 weeks | 10 weeks | Pathology | null | e0b30754-98aa-47a0-8143-e4024ef96cba | single |
Splenectomy is most successful in - | <p >Davidson&;s principles and practice of medicine 22nd edition. *in hereditary spherocytosis consideration is given to splenectomy ,which improves but does not normalised red cell survive.</p> | 1 | Hereditary spherocytosis | Chronic myeloid leukemia | Idiopathic thrombocy topenic purpura | Aplastic anaemia | Medicine | G.I.T | 6bb24068-a162-4f33-8b09-e370b0eb0219 | single |
The least common organ injured by blast injury is | Ans. (d) StomachRef: Love and Bailey 26th/e p. 430 * In blast injury ear, lung, heart are injured and to a lesser extent gastrointestinal tract occurs | 4 | Tympanic membrane | Alveoli of the lung | Skull | Stomach | Surgery | Trauma | 84b0683d-c8d0-4da7-bad2-cf89ad4d968d | single |
A 65-year old male is brought to the outpatient clinic with one year illness characterized by marked forgetfulness, visual hallucinations, suspiciousness, personality decline, poor self care and progressive deterioration in his condition. His Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) Score is 10. His most likely diagnosis ... | A i.e. Dementia | 1 | Dementia | Schizophrenia | Mania | Depression | Psychiatry | null | 05e38379-3a16-466e-992a-8d69080cfc39 | multi |
All of the following are definitive tests for developmental surveillance except: | Denver-II is a developmental screening test (not definitive test) which assesses child development in 4 domains Gross motor Fine motor adaptive Language and Personal Social behaviour Tests for the developmental quotient Definitive tests Screening Tests Bayley Scales of Infant and Todller development (Bayley-II) Stanfor... | 3 | Bayley-II | Stanford-Binet | Denver-II | Wechsler | Pediatrics | Growth and development | cd3f05ee-92cc-4469-8a6a-acfbd8ae23a3 | multi |
Decreased activity of type I 5'-monodeiodinase could lead to which physiologic effects:- | Type I 5'-monodeiodinase is the enzyme responsible for the peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3), primarily in liver and kidney. This enzyme also participates in the breakdown of reverse T3 (rT3) by converting it to 3,3'-diiodothyro nine. Decreased activity of type I 5'-monodeiodinase will th... | 2 | Increased plasma triiodothyronine (T3) | Increased plasma reverse T3 | Decreased plasma thyroxine T4 | Increased TSH | Unknown | null | 23b347bc-c55f-4194-8a60-d9d367ee2df5 | single |
Fracture of proximal forearm cast position is ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Supinated position | 3 | Pronated flexion | Neutral position | Supinated position | Position does not matter | Surgery | null | 66518262-62c3-4df0-9fc7-ca0f084b2130 | single |
Using a new technique, Hb was estimated in a blood sample. The test was repeated for 10 times. The reports were : 9.5, 9.2, 9.4, 9.6, 9.7, 9.9, 10.2, 10.3, 10.5, 12.1. Accurate value of Hb was estimated by standard tests to be 10.2. The new technique has - | Validity (Accuracy)
The validity of a test is the extent to which it accurately measures which it purports to measure. In other words its the ability to show which individuals have the disease in question and which do not.
Validity has two components - sensitivity & specificity. To be truly valid, a test should be hig... | 2 | High validity and high reliability | Low validity and low reliability | High validity and low reliability | Low validity and high reliability | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | b354624c-b45e-4c90-8f92-74ee6379ad65 | single |
Indication of anti-D immunoglobulin is/are | Ans. is a, b and c i.e. Vaginal bleeding; ECV; Mid trimester aboion; and After amniocentesis As explained in the previous question : Anti D prophylaxis should be given after all types of aboions (threatened, medical. MTP) molar pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, delivery (+manual removal of placenta), procedures performed a... | 4 | Vaginal bleeding | ECV | Mid trimester aboion and After amniocentesis both | All | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 3d16cf1a-4f7d-4302-8e09-c1234095949b | multi |
All are true about respiratory viruses except | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Mumps causes septic meningitis Remember this,Bacterias cause septic meningitis whereas viruses cause aseptic meningitisRespiratory syncytial virus is the most important cause of (bronchiolitis) lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children.Mumps and meningitis:-Central nervous system in... | 2 | RSV - common cause of bronchiolitis in infants | Mumps causes septic meningitis | SSPE is a late complication of measles | Para influenza attaches to cell by hemagglutinin | Microbiology | Virology | 6d5aa5fc-3db1-4e76-9c0e-79fb68cf3301 | multi |
Sudomotor neuropathy in poisoning:- | Mnemonic Arsenic poisoning A - Anemia / Aldrich Mee's line / Arsenophagist (Tolerate upto 300mg ) R - Rain drop pigmentation / Reinsch test / Red velvety mucosa S - Sub endocardial hemorrhages / Sensory neuropathy E - Eruptions N - NAA I - Imbibition of arsenic ( Arsenic imbibed from surrounding soils after death ) / b... | 1 | Arsenic | Mercury | Lead | copper | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology - 3 | c2143837-e523-480e-8a3f-bce0c879183d | single |
A man having multiple, painful, indurated, undermined, sloughed edged glans which occurred 5 days after exposures; most likely diagnosis is – | Step 1
Painful ulcer → Chancroid or HSV.
Step 2
In the question, there is no information about step 2 → suppurative lymphadenopathy, U/L or B/L lymphadenopathy, presence or absence of vesicle.
So go for step - 3.
Step 3
Induration (+)nt → Chancroid
Undermined sloughed edges → Chancroid | 1 | Chancroid | Primary chancre | Herpes genitalis | LGV | Dental | null | b8d3de2c-18ed-47c5-b25c-85a56d439281 | single |
Periapical granuloma is | A direct lift from Cohen.
Bacteriological features of periapical granuloma:
Majority of the studies have been based upon bacteriological cultures taken after the extraction of tooth
Pre extraction cultures have been made in a few instances through the root canal or the alveolar plate and these have been relatively fre... | 4 | Anaerobic infection | Aerobic infection | Mixed infection | Sterile | Pathology | null | b314a6a6-5c55-4820-9718-8dfebc342acc | single |
Antipsychotic drug with least extrapyramidal effects is | null | 1 | Clozapine | Risperidone | Thioridazine | Chlorpromazine | Psychiatry | null | 721eaa5f-5bf8-478e-aa4c-7ab51e93016d | single |
A 15 year old female patient presents with pain in the calf muscles on exercise. Routine investigation reveals burgundy-colored urine (sample obtained after exercise). Histopathology of mucle shows deposits of glycogen in an excess amount. Which of the following treatment modality should not be followed in this patient... | Patient is suffering from type V Glycogen Storage Disease (McArdle Disease).
Treatment:
Avoidance of strenuous exercise.
Glucose or sucrose given before exercise or injection of glucagon can markedly improve tolerance in these patients.
Vitamin B6 supplementation reduces exercise intolerance and muscle cramps.
No... | 4 | Avoidance of strenuous exercise | Glucose or sucrose given before exercise or injection of glucagon can markedly improve tolerance in these patients | Vitamin B6 supplementation | Specific enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human acid α-glucosidase | Biochemistry | null | 7afa64b5-16e8-40b7-9dff-7d9098570461 | single |
The radiographic appearance of Botryoid odontogenic cyst is | An unusual form of cyst called botryoid odontogenic cyst, manifests radiographically with a multilocular pattern, is simply a polycystic variant of the lateral periodontal cyst developing through cystic transformation of multiple islands of dental lamina rests. The botryoid odontogenic cyst appears similar, except tha... | 2 | Apple green appearance | Grape bunch appearance | Lemon peel appearance | Orange peel appearance | Radiology | null | 17bde1d1-8aad-47c0-8a91-2de7f03bea48 | single |
True about Hirschsprung’s disease is | Hirschsprung’s disease presents with non passage of stools in infants. Involved segment is not dilated Target sign is seen in intusussuption. | 2 | Involved segment of intestine is dilated | Non passage of meconium | Target sign | All of the above | Surgery | null | 706ae06f-4f6d-478c-a893-b65e0fa8cf02 | multi |
Neonatal moality is calculated as - | Neonatal moality rate is number of deaths of children <28 days per 1000 live bih. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 521 | 1 | Number of deaths of children <28 days per 1000 live bih | Number of deaths of children <28 days per 1000 still bih | Number of deaths of children <28 days per 1000 total bih | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics | ffaee854-479a-4551-83c7-dcec5f21e0b3 | multi |
A patient needs antibiotic treatment for aificial valve, culture-positive infective enterococcal endocarditis. His medical history includes severe anaphylactic reaction to penicillin G during the past year. The best approach would be treatment with: | * Severe allergy to penicillins rule out the use of amoxicillin and cefazolin. * Vancomycin is highly effective against MRSA and enterococcal infections. * Drugs for VRSA and VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecalis) include linezolid and daptomycin. | 4 | Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid | Aztreonam | Cefazolin plus gentamicin | Vancomycin | Pharmacology | Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors | 3b478b8c-c9c5-4f98-b431-cccc9e1e54c9 | single |
Each hemoglobin molecule contains how many globin? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1 Hemoglobin is the most impoant red cell constituent. The hemoglobin molecule is an assembly of four globular protein. Each subunit is composed of a protein (polypeptide) pa, i.e., globin and a nonprotein pa i.e., heme, i.e., Each hemoglobin molecule contains four heme units and two pairs of similar ... | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Physiology | null | 478ca2aa-f848-437b-8d50-1eb35d15b71a | single |
Closing capacity of lung is related to | The closing capacity (CC) is the volume in the lungs at which its smallest airways, the respiratory bronchioles, collapse. It is defined mathematically as the sum of the closing volume and the residual volume. The alveoli lack suppoing cailage and so depend on other factors to keep them open Ref: guyton and hall textbo... | 2 | Small sized bronchioles without cailage in nondependent poion of lung | Small sized bronchioles without cailage in dependant poion of lung | Medium sized bronchioles without cailage in nondependent poion of lung | Medium sized bronchioles without cailage in dependent poion of lung | Physiology | Respiratory system | 80afb734-9ad6-4794-87cc-55fec5fe5b94 | multi |
Duration of second stage of labor depends upon - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Parity o The duration of the normal second stage is usually very much shorter than the normal first staee of labour.o As with the first stage the duration of the second stage will mainly depend on whether it is the first labour or the woman has previously given birth to a viable infant i. e. it depend... | 3 | Size of fetus | Mother's build | Parity | Lie of fetus | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Second Stage of Labor | 0793dae8-2aa1-4079-837a-9e78976814cd | single |
Mongolian spots are seen most commonly over? | Ans. D. Presacral region. (Ref. Nelson Paediatrics 19th/Fig. 639-2).Mongolian spots, which are blue or slate-gray macular lesions, have variably defined margins; they occur most commonly in the presacral area but may be found over the posterior thighs, legs, back, and shoulders. They may be solitary or numerous and oft... | 4 | Shoulders | Occipital area | Mandibular area | Presacral region | Pediatrics | New Born Infants | 468a67a1-d1c6-4a05-9491-9551aa65d524 | single |
All of the following are true about this brain tumor except: | Meningioma (showing dural tail) Mostly occur along the superior sagittal sinus Most common intracranial, extra-axial dural-based neoplasm Associated with spasticity & lower limb weakness, sensory deficit and sphincter dysfunction of bladder Calcification is seen in 20-25% cases Simpson grading system is used for mening... | 3 | Most common intracranial, extra-axial dural-based neoplasm | Associated with spasticity & lower limb weakness, sensory deficit and sphincter dysfunction of bladder | Calcification is seen in 60-65% cases | Simpson grading system is used for resection | Surgery | CNS Tumors | befd2b1c-0a84-4695-a1a6-da69674d0649 | multi |
Inulin clearance is equal to | Inulin clearance is equal to about 125ml/min, which is the GFR. | 3 | 55 ml/min | 625 ml/min | 125 ml/min | 40 ml/min | Physiology | null | 384491e5-d846-44a4-bc64-c14a5b345396 | single |
Basic pathology in rickets- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Defect in mineralizationo To know the pathophysiology of rickets, one should know the structure of bone.o Bone consists of ?1) Protein matrix i.e. osteoid ----> also known as unmineralized bone.2) Mineral phase. principally composed of calcium and phosphate, mostly in the form of hydroxyapatite.o In r... | 2 | Defective bone matrix formation | Defect in mineralization | Defect in osteoid formation | All of the above | Pediatrics | null | 626073aa-d879-4c9f-b526-ff8fa5df0b6f | multi |
Which of the following is a mucolytic | Ambroxol & Bromhexine make the mucus less viscid & act as mucolytics. | 4 | Lignocaine | Aprepitant | Codeine | Ambroxol | Pharmacology | null | 11d32642-8413-45e2-928e-d867e8d16f06 | single |
Which is not done in Septoplasty - | Anaesthetic consideration for intranasal surgeries
Intranasal operations are septoplasty, polypectomy, rhinoplasty and FESS.
Either a laryngeal mask or a cuffed endotracheal tube may be used with a throat pack, depending on the anaesthetist's confidence, the surgeon, the amount of blood loss and the duration of surger... | 4 | Elective hypotension | Throat pack | Nasal preparation with 10% cocaine | null | ENT | null | 409f5fc6-ef56-4102-98a8-1560c99fcfe7 | multi |
Treatment of a large hydrocele in an infant: | Ans: c (Herniotomy)Ref: Bailey & Love, 24th ed, p. 1408 & 23rd ed, p. 1275 | 3 | Repeated aspirations | Ligation of sac at the opening of inguinal canal | Herniotomy | Eversion of sac | Surgery | Testis & Scrotum | f3a643d7-c20b-4135-afff-204f74fe30bf | single |
The following statements are true with reference to Mycoplasma except - | null | 2 | They are the smallest prokaryotic organisms that can grow in cell free culture media | They are obligate intracellular organisms | They lack a cell wall | They are resistant to Beta-lactam drugs | Microbiology | null | 13e56857-cd86-45dd-a107-96a685e9174d | multi |
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