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Major source of collagen in cirrhosis - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ito cell (Hepatic stellate cell)o Perisinusoidal stellate cells (Ito cells) play a role in the storage and metabolism of vitamin A and are transformed into collegen producing myofibroblasts when there is inflamation of the liver. These cells are the major source of collegen in cirrhosis. | 2 | Kupfer cells | Ito cell (Hepatic stellate cell) | Hepatocyte | Canalicular cell | Pathology | null | 4471c107-bc72-49bf-88fe-bca7942e3295 | single |
Cell surface receptors are used by which hormone- | Ans. is 'c'i.e., Glucagon Type of receptorso All hormones act through specific receptors present inside the cell (intracellular) or on the surface of cells (membrane receptors).A. Membrane receptorso Present on the cell membrane.o Their drug/hormone binding domain is extracellular and effector domain is intracellular.T... | 3 | Thyroxine | Testosterone | Glucagon | Cortisol | Physiology | Endocrinology metabolism | 0ba76be0-b7f4-4273-a165-cf37f39a8ca3 | single |
Hypersegmented neutrophils are seen in | Ans. (c) Megaloblastic anemia | 3 | Thalassemia | Iron deficiency | Megaloblastic anemia | All | Pathology | Iron Deficiency and Megaloblastic Anemia | 9b1ce634-20bb-4ed6-a82c-2ee1a76bf43a | multi |
Oro-oculo-genital syndrome occurs due to | null | 3 | Vit. A deficiency | Vit. B1 deficiency | Vit. B2 dificiency | Nicotininc acid dificiency | Medicine | null | 2db5db2e-fb43-4713-9c17-6617ab32c826 | single |
True about Kartagener's syndrome -a) Dextrocardiab) Infertilityc) Mental retardationd) Bronchiectasis | Dextrocardia occurs due to situs invertus. | 2 | acd | abd | abc | ab | Pathology | null | 1a664cde-907f-41ad-b231-1741dd3d4ed4 | multi |
Stellate reticulum is seen in | null | 2 | Dental lamina | Enamel organ | Hertwig's root sheath | All of the above | Dental | null | 8cc98c9d-9539-4e7a-bc63-b1f3e29cef2d | multi |
Best test for measuring Graffian follicle Maturation is : | Transvaginal ultrasonography | 3 | Fern test | Endometrial biopsy | Transvaginal ultrasonography | Abdominal sonography | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 71d2e66d-ea2c-4985-861b-6146d6cda3d9 | single |
False statement about treatment of Ca cervix | Ans. is e i.e. From stage lb onwards same prognosis with Surgery and Radiotherapy Surgery Radiotherapy Chemo-Radiation Limited to patients with stage * Can be used to treat all stages.deg * Reserved for late stagesdeg I & IIdeg & in case of recurrencedeg. In early stages in young women * Combination of external surgery... | 4 | Radiotherapy is helpful in all stages | Prognosis of surgery good if done in early stages | When Radiotherapy is given, para aoic LN's should be included | From stage lb onwards same prognosis with surgery and | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 8ff48e48-e5e7-4b78-aa18-198c21188abc | multi |
Pulsatile proptosis is a feature of- | *Coicocavernous fistula causes pulsatile proptosis. Ref: Clinical ophthalmology 2nd/e p.786 | 3 | orbital varix | Retinoblastoma | Coico - cavernous fistula | Covernous sinus thrombosis | Ophthalmology | Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus | 1a214751-6915-404c-a147-c0b4c72e885a | single |
Fordyce's spots: | Fordyce's spots are yellowish-white granules in the buccal mucosa and represent enlarged ectopic sebaceous glands. It is a developmental anomaly. There is no malignant potential. | 3 | Are seen before the rash in measles | Are premalignant lesions of buccal mucosa | Represent ectopic sebaceous glands and are normal variants | Are petechial haemorrhagic spots of buccal mucosa seen in thrombocytopenic purpura | ENT | Oral Cavity | 9bd8cf1f-367e-447e-80bb-e1b0363a8842 | single |
Corneal endothelium is embryologically derived from | Endothelium, Descemet&;s membrane, stroma and Bowman&;s layer are derived from the fibrous layer of mesenchyme lying anterior to the optic cup . The corneal endothelium is embryologically derived from the neural crest. The corneal endothelium is attached to the rest of the cornea through Descemet&;s membrane, which is ... | 1 | Neural crest | Ectoderm | Mesoderm | Endoderm | Ophthalmology | Anatomy, Development and clinical examination | fd7e4bdc-ba53-47af-8298-d1a17621f78c | multi |
Which one of the following is not a amide | B i.e. Procaine | 2 | Lignocaine/Lidocaine | Procaine | Bupivacaine/Mepivacaine | All | Anaesthesia | null | 6c85de4e-0277-4794-a9d3-218968c87016 | multi |
The most common symptoms for fibroids are: | Abnormal uterine bleeding is menstrual bleeding heavy enough to interfere with your normal activities and, in some cases, it causes anemia.
In addition, pelvic pressure or pain in the pelvic region may occur because of where the fibroids are located. | 2 | Severe headaches and sinus pain | Abnormal uterine bleeding and pelvic pressure | Water retention and bloating | Breakthrough between periods | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | fabe3449-3bc3-4413-84d8-ff919fffc623 | single |
Contributory negligence is a defense in: AP 08; Delhi 08; Odisha 11 | Ans. Civil negligence | 1 | Civil negligence | Criminal negligence | Corporate negligence | Composite negligence | Forensic Medicine | null | 62b7d229-1c80-4e3d-9f6f-69dfda89172c | single |
True about consensual light reflex is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Decussation of some fibres at optic chiasma is responsible for the consensual light reflex Pupillary light reflex (Light reflex)* Pupillary light reflex refers to constriction of pupil in response to light. When a sudden light is thrown into the eye, the pupil of that eye constricts (direct light refl... | 1 | Decussation of some fibres at optic chiasma is responsible for the consensual light reflex | Oculomotor nerve carries afferent signals | Decussation occurs at ciliary ganglion | All are true | Ophthalmology | Neuro-Ophthalmology | 27fda66d-03e3-4003-bde1-411f7f757277 | multi |
The intravesical pressure rises abruptly when the bladder volume is about | The relation between intravesical pressure and volume can be studied by inseing a catheter and emptying the bladder, then recording the pressure while the bladder is filled with 50-mL increments of water or air(cystometry). A plot of intravesical pressure against the volume of fluid in the bladder is called a cystometr... | 1 | 400 ml | 300 ml | 200 ml | 100 ml | Physiology | Renal physiology | 6dd4a9ae-c646-4326-8c8e-ef2ae2a802db | single |
An engineering student has difficulty to deliver seminar with a fear that his seniors are present despite knowing that they are supportive. He further has difficulty speaking in front of others and also avoids going to the parties. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? | Ans. C. Social phobiaHere the fear is performing in public and there is also avoidance of social situations (i.e. avoidance of parties). | 3 | Agoraphobia | Claustrophobia | Social phobia | Acrophobia | Psychiatry | Anxiety & Stress | 9049a9ab-6e97-4eb5-8d60-8792bfb09164 | single |
Dengue haemorrhagic fever is diagnosed by- | null | 4 | Acute onset of high fever, presence of petechiae, epistaxis and platelet count > 2 lakh | Acute onset of high fever, positive tourniquest test, epistaxis or malena and malena and platelet count > 1.5 lakh | Acute onset of high fever 2 to 7 days, associated with hemorrhagic manifestation e.g. hemoptysis and platelet count less than 1.5 lakh | Acute onset of high fever, positive tourniquet test, bleeding gum and platelet count less than 1.0 lakh | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 0a8886a4-ecb3-4dcc-bac8-105adc63d54f | single |
In Citric acid cycle, which enzyme is inhibited by arsenite- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., a ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase* Arsenite binds to the sulfhydryl group and hence inhibits the activity of enzymes which have lipoamide in the active site* Hence Arsenite inhibits Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and a ketoglutarate dehydrogenase of citric acid cycle* It is an example for non competitive inhibiti... | 2 | Isocitrate Dehydrogenase | a ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase | Succinate Dehydrogenase | Aconitase | Biochemistry | Carbohydrates | 9254b8f6-feb5-46fe-8026-8bdae1ba8129 | single |
Which of the following is the most effective definitive therapy for both prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage and control of ascites? | Shunt operations are the most effective means of preventing recurrent variceal hemorrhage. Rebleeding rates after endoscopic sclerotherapy range from 40% to 60%. Although extensive esophagogastric devascularization has effectively prevented recurrent bleeding in Japanese series, these operations have been followed by r... | 4 | Endoscopic sclerotherapy. | Distal splenorenal shunt. | Esophagogastric devascularization (Sugiura procedure) | Side-to-side poacaval shunt | Surgery | null | bc5b0520-4b4c-47f3-86dd-e9e4afe497dc | multi |
What portion of stearic acid does impression compound contains? | null | 1 | 5 | 10 | 30 | 15 | Dental | null | f50042c0-3bdf-446e-9634-9bc952a63b0b | single |
In optic atrophy, the optic disc appears to pale is index of: | Ans. Loss of vasculature | 2 | Atrophy of the nerve fibre | Loss of vasculature | Gliosis | All of the above | Ophthalmology | null | f4b63d62-6541-4b7e-80ef-06fbe3b1a8ae | multi |
Sites of Anatomical Ureteric constrictions are following except | . | 4 | Ureteropelvic junction | Ureterovesical junction | Crossing of iliac aery | Ischial spine | Anatomy | All India exam | 0ad8a1fa-39ae-42f6-b7a6-c13af0dd1cfe | multi |
Inulin like fructans are used as prebiotics as they are non digestible. Resistance to digestion in the upper GI tract results from: | Inulin is a dietary fibre, its a fructan with 2-60 fructose units linked a beta (1-2)bond. Due to this beta - configuration of anomeric C2 in their fructose monomers it is resistant to digestion in the GIT. Ref: Food Science and Technology Bulletin : Functional Foods By Glenn R. Gibson, Page 5; Dietary Fibre : New Fron... | 2 | Absence of digestive enzyme in the upper GIT | Beta configuration of anomeric C2 | Low pH of the stomach | Presence of a-osidic linkages | Biochemistry | null | 105e4f76-9007-497b-a03f-ace7438dd966 | single |
SLE like reaction is caused by? | ANSWER: (A) HydralazineREF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th ed chapter 113The list of substances that can induce lupus-like disease is long. Among the most frequent are;Antiarrhythmic: procainamide, disopyramide, and propafenoneAntihypertensive: hydralazine; several angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta b... | 1 | Hydralazine | Rifampicin | Paracetamol | Furosemide | Pharmacology | Adverse Drug Effect | c03dbcd1-5ce0-4734-a35b-09778cc815ab | single |
Neurofibromatosis shows which of the following mode of inheritance ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., AD Neurofibromatosis shows autosomal dominant inheritance pattern Single gene disorders (Mendelian disorders) typically follow one of the three patterns of inharitance ? Autosomal dominance Autosomal recessive X-linked Autosomal dominant disorders Normally a gene pair has two alleles. When one allele ... | 1 | AD | AR | X linked dominant | X linked recessive | Pathology | null | e08b5f1b-a441-4c86-8070-9689bc7769f8 | single |
Most common site of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans is: | Ans: A Lung Ref: Ammthnaraycm R, Paniker CKJ. Textbook of Microbiology. 8th Edition. Hyderabad: Universities Press; 2009. & Jawetz Most common infection lung but asymptomatic Most common presentation is meningitis Explanation: Cryptococcosis (torulosis) is a subacute or chronic infection caused by the yeast Crvptococcu... | 1 | Lung | Meninges | Skin | Bone | Microbiology | Cryptocococcus | 961ac855-0930-4437-a5f8-0a7051bc08a5 | single |
Gluteus medius is supplied by: | Ans. A Superior gluteal nerveGluteus medius and minimus are supplied by superior gluteal nerve whereas gluteus maximus is supplied by inferior gluteal nerve.Extra MileImportant muscles and their nerve supplyNerve supplyMuscle* Superior gluteal nerve* Gluteus medius* Gluteus minimus* Tensor fascia lata* Inferior gluteal... | 1 | Superior gluteal nerve | Inferior gluteal nerve | Nerve to obturator internus | Nerve to quadratus femoris | Anatomy | Gluteal Region | bb38b1b0-7516-40f9-87ea-b029eb5d083b | single |
Acute Lung injury is characterized by all, Except: | Answer is D (None of the above) Bilateral alveolar interstial infiltrates on Radiographs along with, hypoxemia and pulmonary shunting due to intra alveolar filling are characteristic features of both ALI and ARDS. | 4 | Alveolar infiltrates | Hypoxemia | Pulmonary shunting | None of the above | Medicine | null | 52932727-b76b-4c55-8017-038b10d97076 | multi |
Adult PCKD is? | Ans is 'a' i.e. Autosomal dominant o ADPKD is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple expanding cysts of both kidneys that ultimately destroy renal parenchyma and cause renal failure in middle life (40-60 years of age)o Most commonly (85%) mutation involves PKD 1 gene on chromosome 16 encoding for poly... | 1 | Autosomal dominant | Autosomal recessive | X-linked recessive | Mitochondrial inheritance | Pathology | Chronic and Cystic Diseases | 3c78fad0-895e-4985-98c8-95d2aaaa60fc | single |
Which of the following is not a pa of Duke's Criteria for infective endocarditis? | Splenomegaly, Hemiplegia(Brain abscess) and clubbing(in SABE) are complications of infective endocarditis and are not diagnostic criteria. Splenomegaly: occurs due to development of splenic abscess secondary to embolization of infected vegetations from valvular surface. Choice B and C are minor diagnostic criteria for ... | 1 | Splenomegaly | Fever > 100.40F | IV drug user | Blood culture positive | Medicine | Rheumatic Hea disease & infective endocarditis | 4296ad02-5942-460b-ab51-40e144ad053e | single |
Most common complication of celiac plexus block – | Orthostatic hypotension is the most common complication of celiac plexus block. | 2 | Pneumothorax | Postural hypotension | Retroperitoneal hemorrhage | Intra-arterial injection | Anaesthesia | null | baa920a0-eae8-4009-ad38-b69c4803f04b | single |
In dhatura poisoning 9 'Ds' include all except ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Diarrhea '9-D' manifestations of Dhatura (anticholinergic) poisoning Dry hot skin i.e. 'Hot as a hare'. Dialation of cutaneous blood vessels 1/t facial i.e. 'Red as a beet'. Dialation of pupils with loss of accomodation and unresponsiveness to light i.e. 'Blind as a bat'. Dryness of mouth and throat i... | 1 | Diarrhea | Dysphagia | Dilated pupil | Drowsiners | Forensic Medicine | null | 0802a2b2-71f4-4ac9-9f41-aece16097f03 | multi |
A patient receives a toxic dose of lignocaine i.v., the patient is likely to exhibit? | * If LA reaches the blood stream, most prominent adverse effects are related to CNS and CVS. * In CNS :-stimulation (convulsions) followed by depression (coma) is seen. - Initial stimulation is due to inhibition of the inhibitory neurons. | 4 | Excessive salivation | Mydriasis and diarrhea | Respiratory paralysis | Seizures and coma | Pharmacology | Anaesthesia | e1b10c50-94b1-47bd-afba-fde2744e66be | single |
Platelet transfusion is indicated in all Except | The treatment of ITP uses drugs that decrease reticuloendothelial uptake of the antibody-bound platelet, decrease antibody production, and/or increase platelet production. The diagnosis of ITP does not necessarily mean that treatment must be instituted. Patients with the platelet count >30,000/mL appear not to have inc... | 2 | Dilutional thrombocytopenia | ITP | Aplastic anemia | DIC | Medicine | Haematology | a3dfe4c2-b092-497e-bde6-b290c5786724 | multi |
According to Alonso-Lej classification, type IVb is | TodaniModification of Alonso-Lej classification Type I - Dilation of extrahepatic biliary tree Type Ia- cystic dilation Type Ib - focal segmental dilation Type Ic- fusiform dilation Type II - Diveicular dilation of extrahepatic biliary tree Type III - Cystic dilation of intra duodenal poion of common bile ducts (choled... | 2 | Both extrahepatic and intrahepatic duct dilation | Extrahepatic duct dilation | Intrahepatic duct dilation | Subhepatic duct dilation | Anatomy | G.I.T | 2b5aa96f-8097-4c94-a362-dc6bd12314c8 | multi |
All of the following are differential diagnosis for constricted pupils except | Opioid poisoning: Pin point pupils.
Opioid withdrawl: dilated pupils. | 3 | Horner's syndrome | Pontine myelinosis | Opioid withdrawl | Organophosphaste poisoning | Pharmacology | null | 641bfcae-c42c-4775-8aa3-f0bc059854a3 | multi |
Sabin - Feldman dye test is used to diagnose: | Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Clinical toxoplasmosis is of type congenital and acquired. Most common method of diagnosis is by serology. Several serological test are available. These include Sabin-Feldman dye test, indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination, complement fixation, ELISA. Sabin... | 3 | Trypanosomiasis | Trichinellosis | Toxoplasmosis | Trichuriasis | Microbiology | null | ea4cfaaf-d36a-4d42-9393-8636c6906ad7 | single |
Most common cranial nerve involved in CSOM is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., VII Complications of otitis mediaa. Extracranial complicationsb. Intracranial complicationso Mastoiditiso Petrositis/Gradenigo syndromeo Facial paralysiso Labyrinthitiso Osteomyelitis of temporal boneo Septicaemia or pyaemiao Meningitiso Extradural abscesso Subdural abscesso Otogenic Brain Abscesso La... | 2 | V | VII | IX | XI | ENT | Ear | a1285ba7-15b4-44c1-a91a-ee8247e06f1c | single |
In ectopic pregnancy, the most common reaction seen in uterus is | Decidual reaction : Increased structural and secretory activity of the endometrium that is brought about in response to progesterone Progesterone levels fall due to fall in the hcG levels Endometrium sloughs out causing uterine bleeding. Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 169. | 1 | Decidual reaction | Arias stella reaction | Double decidual sac sign | Stallwohy sign | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics | c0593631-90e9-47b7-acfe-6fbd17331ab8 | multi |
In a chronic alcoholic all the following may be seen in the liver except | Refer Robbins page no 842 | 3 | Fatty degeneration | Chronic hepatitis | Granuloma formation | Cholestatic hepatitis | Anatomy | General anatomy | d50c2dca-128d-4f7f-9947-7f3fdd8651b4 | multi |
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are all except:- | Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia Avolition: loss of drive for meaningful activities. -Apathy: lack of concern. -Anhedonia: lack of pleasure. Asociality: lack of social interaction. Affective flattening/Emotional blunting. Alogia: decreased verbal communication. *Do not respond well to medications. *Poor prognostic fa... | 1 | Over activity | Anhedonia | Alogia | Apathy | Psychiatry | FMGE 2018 | b55585ba-703b-4eeb-8df9-d0d3c67c452f | multi |
Erythema nodosum is seen in all, EXCEPT: | D i.e. Aspirin therapy | 4 | Rheumatoid ahritis | Tuberculosis | Enteric fever | Aspirin therapy | Skin | null | c77be780-b920-4c7a-889d-f1457009c217 | multi |
Glycemic control in diabetes is best assessed by- | Glycated hemoglobin provides an accurate and objective measure of glycemic control integrated over a period of 2-3 months (life span of RBCs is 120 days). HbA1c is most sensitive to changes in glycemic control occuring in the month before measurement. The rate of formation of HbA1c is directly propoional to the ambient... | 1 | HbA1c | Urinary glucose | Fasting glucose | Post prandial glucose | Medicine | Endocrinology | b39778c7-9d90-4f24-a825-732ffff6dbe5 | single |
True about gout is - | (A) (most common joint involved in first metatarsaphalangeal of big toe) (1097 - Davidson 21st) (77-80 Apley 9th).GOUTTrue crystal deposition disease, presence of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals, especially the firstMTP joint and small joints of feet and hands.* Bursitis - commonly of the olecranon bursaCry... | 1 | Most common joint involved is first meta transophaiangeal of big toe | Chondro-calcinosis | Pyrophosphate crystals | Positive birefringent | Medicine | Immunology and Rheumatology | 731a12fc-187d-4994-a4b6-2838870a5066 | multi |
Vaccines are sterilized by? | Vaccines may be prepared by heat inactivation of bacteria. Thus heat can be employed to free the vaccine from other contaminants. REF:Textbook of microbiology Ananthanarayan, and Paniker. | 4 | Seitz filtration | Hot air oven | Autoclaving | Heat inactivation | Microbiology | general microbiology | f992c29f-0fe7-4600-bb6e-3f51d3032cf1 | single |
A double aoic arch is due to persistency of the following segment ? | Double aoic arch is the result of persistence and continued patency of the segment of the right dorsal aoa between the origin of the right seventh intersegmental aery and its junction with the left dorsal aoa. Affected infants have a characteristic inspiratory and expiratory wheeze, stridor, or crouplike cough. Echocar... | 1 | Right dorsal aoa | Left dorsal aoa | Right primitive atrium | Left primitive atrium | Anatomy | null | 6087972c-d379-45e0-892b-5c3d6dccc040 | single |
Hormone-sensitive lipase is not activated by | Insulin
Hormone-sensitive lipase
Inhibited by:- Insulin by decreasing intracellular cAMP as well as decreasing synthesis.
Stimulated by
By increasing cAMP → Catecholamines, glucagon
By increasing synthesis → Glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, growth hormone, ACTH | 1 | Insulin | Glucagon | Catecholamines | T4 | Biochemistry | null | 8521b1f4-c83d-40e6-adc9-bb13556992d0 | single |
Which of the following drug can be used for closure of patent ductus aeriosus? | PGE2 and PGI2 keeps ductus aeriosus patent. If ductus aeriosus fails to close (patent ductus aeriosus) at bih, NSAIDs like aspirin and indomethacin are given to close it. In some congenital hea diseases (like transposition of great vessels), it becomes essential to keep ductus aeriosus patent before surgery. For this i... | 3 | Paracetamol | Alprostadil | Indomethacin | Celecoxib | Pharmacology | NSAIDs, Gout and Rheumatoid Ahritis | 70f8866e-37d4-4b2f-a8cf-98344243d0d0 | single |
Traumatic cataract occurs as: | Ans. All of the above | 4 | Rosette-shaped cataract | Zonular cataract | Total cataract | All of the above | Ophthalmology | null | ccfe35fc-8886-4676-b6af-a6d46bcbc91e | multi |
Restless leg syndrome is caused by: | Secondary restless leg syndrome can occur due to chronic renal failure, pregnancy, anemia, ferritin deficiency and peripheral neuropathy. It could be due to disordered dopamine function along with abnormality of iron metabolism. Restless leg syndrome is a neurologic disorder characterised by the presence of: An urge to... | 1 | Chronic renal failure | Hypercalcemia | Hypophosphatemia | None of the above | Medicine | null | a1dae09d-74ff-4f87-b0b6-d55f511282ae | multi |
The following combination of agents are the most preferred for sho day care surgeries | A i.e. Propofol, Fentanyl, isoflurane | 1 | Propofol, fentanyl, isoflurane | Thiopentone sodium, morphine, halothane | Ketamine, pethidine, halothane | Propofol, morphine, halothane | Anaesthesia | null | 386a1f9c-0c72-41dd-8c15-b105e6967cac | single |
Danbury tremor is seen in? | Mercury poisoning :- Danbury tremor is a classical and consistent manifestation of mercury poisoning. Coarse intentional tremor interspersed with jerky movements. It begins in the hand and progresses to lips, tongue, arms and legs. | 1 | Mercury poisoning | Iron poisoning | Lead poisoning | Arsenic poisoning | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology - 3 | 1d6eff55-e359-4980-aae0-82d34ef97cdd | single |
Normal anion gap acidosis seen in: March 2005 | Ans. B: CholeraA normal anion gap metabolic acidosis occurs when loss of bicarbonate from the GI tract or kidneys is excessive or when hydrogen ions cannot be secreted because of renal failure. The causes can be represented by the mnemonicUSEDCARP:UreterostomySmall bowel fistulaExtra chlorideDiarrheaCarbonic anhydrase ... | 2 | Lactic acidosis | Cholera | DKA | Uremia | Medicine | null | 5b900f3a-739f-41d8-8930-aca5fb72e5e5 | single |
A male, 55 years old is brought to the clinic in unconscious condition. The patient is a Type 2 diabetic since 15 years. General examination reveals RBS levels 268 mg/dl. Blood and Urine samples confirm the presence of ketone bodies. Which of the following substances found raised in this patient blood is volatilized b... | In most cases, ketonemia is due to increased production of ketone bodies by the liver rather than to a deficiency in their utilization by extrahepatic tissues. While acetoacetate and d(−)-3-hydroxybutyrate are readily oxidized by extrahepatic tissues, acetone is difficult to oxidize in vivo and to a large extent is vol... | 3 | β-hydroxybutyrate | Acetoacetate | Acetone | Glycerol 3- phosphate | Biochemistry | null | 51128722-668d-4405-9a1a-d6a25bad8590 | single |
Diagnostic criteria for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis include all, except | Answer is A (Peripheral eosinophilia (>0.1 x 109/mm3): Peripheral blood eosinophilia with eo.sinophil count >1000/mm3 is included in the primary diagnostic criteria (and not an eosinophil count > 0.1 x 109/mm3) Criteria for the Diagnosis of ABPA Primary Primary Episodic bronchial obstruction (asthma) Peripheral blood e... | 1 | Peripheral eosinophilia (>0.1 x 109/mm3) | Central bronchiectasis | Episodic Asthma | Detection of Aspergillus in sputum | Medicine | null | 13c1967d-320d-42f3-a71c-4bc68a5d7312 | multi |
Instant energy to muscle is provided by which pathway | The significance of the Glycolysis PathwayIt is the only pathway that is taking place in all the cells of the body. Glycolysis is the only source of energy in erythrocyte. In strenuous exercise, when muscle tissue lacks enough oxygen, anaerobic glycolysis forms the major source of energy for muscles.Ref: DM Vasudevan T... | 2 | HMP shunt | Embden mayerhoff pathway | Cori cycle | TCA cycle | Biochemistry | Respiratory chain | 9c55c562-8d0e-45c3-8783-e1357cc32806 | single |
Cattle track appearance is seen in: | Cattle truck appearance is seen in central retinal aery occlussion. Occurs due to stagnation of blood flow within an aeriole - giving rise to clumping of the blood column within the lumen M/C/C Embolism (Hollenhorst Plaque) | 2 | Central retinal vein occlusion | Central retinal aery occlusion | Central serous retinopathy | Diabetic retinopathy | Ophthalmology | Retina | adf495ed-90d5-486b-a7c9-ec2a6a754d0a | single |
Which of the following is not a component of fatty acid synthase complex: | Fatty Acid Synthase Complex have 6 enzymatic activities 1. Enoyl reductase 2. Keto acyl reductase 3. Keto acyl synthase 4. Thioesterase 5. Hydratase 6. Acetyl malonyl transacylase It does not contain Acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Acetyl CoA carboxylase is involved in fatty acid synthesis as it causes conversion of Acetyl CoA... | 3 | Enoyl reductase | Acetyl transacylase | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase | Ketoacyl synthase | Biochemistry | Fatty acid and synthesis | 42205f5c-e41b-4bb5-ab60-2964b5c26ab7 | single |
Virulence of a biological agent is defined as ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Propoion of clinical cases resulting in severe clinical manifestation o Pathogenicity --> Ability of a microorganism to cause a disease. o Virulence --> Virulence is degree of pathogenicity. It is indicated as fatality rates or ability to invade a host tissue and cause severe disease. o For example, P... | 2 | Ability of the agent to invade and multiply in host | Propoion of clinical cases resulting in severe clinical manifestation | Ability of the agent to induce a clinically apparent illness | Propoion of clinical cases in a virgin population | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | f1edc9de-8044-4ff4-a596-b87385eb8096 | multi |
First dorsal interosseous muscle of hand is supplied by | Deep branch of ulnar nerve supplies all the 4 dorsal interossei muscles.Superficial branch of ulnar nerve supplies the palmaris brevis muscle.Median nerve supplies the muscles of thenar eminence.Radial nerve have no supply to any intrinsic muscle of hand.B D Chaurasia 7th edition Page no: 182 | 1 | Deep branch of ulnar nerve | Superficial branch of ulnar nerve | Median nerve | Radial nerve | Anatomy | Upper limb | 64162c65-9184-4985-98e1-1fa461b90839 | single |
A 7 year old boy is taken to a physician because he has developed pain in his right hip. On physical examination, the physician feels a large mass near the iliac crest. Plain x-ray films demonstrate a large lytic lesion of the ilium. MRI studies show that the tumor appears to arise in the bone, but extends into the adj... | While any bone can be affected by Ewing sarcoma, the most common site is the diaphysis of the femur. Other common sites include the flat bones of the pelvis and the tibia. The other bones listed in the choices are not as common sites of involvement. | 1 | Femur | Humerus | Mandible | Maxilla | Anatomy | null | f32eb368-424b-4268-9a5b-ff51450ccb1b | multi |
Most common site for small intestinal carcinoma is - | Answer- A. DuodenumAdenocarcinoma is the most frequent carcinoma found in small intestine.Upper small intestine is the most common site for carcinoma with duodenum, jejunum and ileum. | 1 | Duodenum | Jejunum | lleum | All are affected equally | Pathology | null | 40df3cf9-4d6a-410d-b825-8cc6d6ba2508 | multi |
A patient with progressive jaundice with clay coloured stool and dark urine. The following investigations can be used, EXCEPT: | Oral cholecystography is of no value in patients with intestinal malabsorption, vomiting, obstructive jaundice, and hepatic failure. Biliary obstruction causes progressive dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts as intrabiliary pressures rise. Hepatic bile flow is suppressed, and reabsorption and regurgitation of con... | 1 | Oral cholecystography | PTC | ERCP | USG | Radiology | null | 42de5e32-bd7d-432d-9a84-ceb6a15817c6 | multi |
Which of the following is used to increase antigenicity of vaccine - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Adjuvant Adjuvantso Any substance that enhances the immunogenicity of an antigen.o Actions :# May confer immunogenicity on nonantigenic substances.Increases the concentration and presistence of the circulating antibodies.Enhances the degree of cellular immunityLeads to production of adjuvant disease s... | 2 | Stabilizer | Adjuvant | Preservative | None of the above | Microbiology | Immunology | 905a0591-b3a2-4f5e-800a-742ff5e732e8 | multi |
Clue cells are seen in.. | Ans. is "a' i.e., BV Bacterial (Gardnerellal vaginosiso It is not a sexually transmitted condition. It is termed as vaginosis rather than vaginitis because it is associated with alteration of vaginal flora rather than any specific infection. There is considerable decrease in the number of lactobacilli and lOOtimes incr... | 1 | BV | Chlamydia | Moniliasis | Trichomoniasis | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Specific Infections | 1427782a-26fa-4e9d-8105-53b6bd560b80 | single |
Which among the given options would produce most negative intrathoracic pressure? | Under quiet breathing - At sta of inspiration normal ITP - -5 cm H2O At the end of inspiration normal ITP - -7 cm H2O Forceful breathing ITP: - * deep sigh or a yawn- 30 cm H2O First cry of a neonate, (first breath ITP) - -60cmH2O Muller's maneuver - 100cm H2O Max negative ITP It is counter pa of Valsalva maneuver Mull... | 4 | Yawning | First cry of a neonates | High pitch opera singing | Muller's manoeuvre | Physiology | Respiratory System Pa 1 | da2e6ef9-afef-45d8-9a02-c9b79ce3f61f | multi |
IgM is: | Ans. (c) PentamerRef: Anatnayayan 9/ e page 98AntibodyEffective valency* IgM5* IgG2* IgD2* IgE2* IgA2,4Also Know* Ig having maximum molecular weight: IgM* First antibody produced by newborn: IgM* All immuniglobulin are heat stable EXCEPT: IgE* Ig present in breast milk: IgA* Ig with maximum half life: IgG* Ig with mini... | 3 | Monomer | Dimer | Pentamer | Tetramer | Microbiology | Anitibody | bc4d0969-7ba3-44de-9c8d-ae5872cd116a | single |
Splenectomy is to be avoided in children because of- | null | 2 | Loss of blood forming tissue | Increased risk of infection | Hypercoagulable state | Increased risk of lymhoma | Medicine | null | 97842cc8-8dce-481f-b318-cd4626f6ebc9 | single |
Which of the following can cause Teratogenecity. | Ans. is 'c' Vitamin A * The teratogenic effects of Vitamin A have been dealt before. | 3 | Vit.C | Vit.E | Vit.A | Vit.D | Unknown | null | a11f2f56-131d-4cea-ada5-e025a637e18f | single |
Not seen in faecal pollution - | The primary bacterial indicators of contamination of water are the coliform group. Supplementary indicators include faecal streptococci and sulphite-reducing clostridia(C.perfringens) Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 780,781 | 1 | Staphylococcus | Streptococcus | E. Coli | Clostridium perfringens | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health | 76768509-3fdb-43aa-8360-83d446fae45b | single |
The only reliable means of diagnosing acute cardiac rejection before substantial myocardial damage has occurred is | Of the major complications, allograft rejection is the primary problem requiring surveillance; scheduled endomyocardial biopsy is the only reliable means of diagnosing acute cardiac rejection before substantial myocardial damage has occurred and at a stage that is reversible in the majority of instances. Rejection is c... | 3 | Echocardiography | ECG | Endomyocardial biopsy | Ultrasound | Unknown | null | 29d5a964-358b-4dcb-ba33-749c7984a533 | single |
Which of the following is a prodrug of adrenaline used topically in glaucoma | a Adrenergic agonists Dipivefrine:- It is a prodrug of Adr; penetrates cornea and is hydrolysed by the esterases present there into Adr. The released Adr (from dipivefrine) lowers i.o.t. by augmenting uveoscleral outflow, b2 receptor mediated increase in hydraulic conductivity of trabecular filtering cells, as well as ... | 2 | Dorzolamide | Dipivefrine | Phenylpropanolamine | Brimonidine | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | 90055562-2e77-4b0f-be0e-3fb13da2c32f | multi |
A patient (pigeon handler) presents with interstitial pneumonitis accompanied by headache, backache, and a dry, hacking cough. A pale, macular rash is also found on the trunk (Horder's spots). Likely organism is: | Chlamydiae | 2 | Histoplasma | Chlamydiae | Mycoplasma | Aspergillus | Microbiology | null | 63faa3a7-2ab2-42ac-b8f8-c85f21bb4342 | single |
Vitamin A is present in all EXCEPT: | ANSWER: (A) Sunflower seedsREF: Harrisons 18th ed chapter 74"Sunflower seeds are unusually rich in B complex vitamins. Sunflower seeds also contain a potent antioxidant team of selenium and vitamin E and are significantly deficient in vitamin A"There are two sources of dietary vitamin A. The first, or active form (reti... | 1 | Sunflower seeds | Egg | Milk | Tomato | Biochemistry | Vitamins | 46304590-aa96-4080-8568-55df5e5c389e | multi |
Females have low RBC count compared to males of same age group due to? | ANSWER: (C) Both of the aboveREF: With textRepeat from December 2010Repeat (**)"In prepubertal humans no major differences can be found between the sexes in RBC count and hemoglobin or serum ferritin concentrations. Only after the onset of menstruation does a difference emerges due to loss of blood in menstruation" (RE... | 3 | Menstrual blood loss | Testosterone promotes erythropoiesis | Both of the above | Low thyroxine levels | Physiology | Blood: RBCs, Anemia, and Polycythemia | 33522dd8-5cfe-41bb-bbc5-538f99ec78bc | multi |
How to differentiate between psychological and organic erectile dysfunction - | Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Nocturnal penile tumescence o One of the important method to distinguish psychogenic impotence from organic impotence is nocturnal penile tumsescence & early morning erection which are preserved in psychogenic impotence but not in organic cause of impotence. | 1 | Nocturnal penile tumescence | PIPE therapy | Sildenafil induced erection | Squeeze technique | Psychiatry | Normal Sleep | 126327eb-d2be-4294-b29f-eab65b8cfbe2 | single |
Alice in wonderland syndrome occurs in - | Alice in Wonderland syndrome is a rare condition of temporary episodes of distoed perception of body size. Episodes happen most often in children and young adults (and, for some, eventually stop occurring over time). Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 1008 | 1 | SSPE | Epilepsy | Cerebral hemorrhage | Multiple sclerosis | Medicine | Miscellaneous | df27aaff-cab6-4819-9ac9-2d5b814ad347 | single |
Iron absorption is increased in all except | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 626 The first stage is negative iron balance, in which the demands for (or losses of) iron exceed the body's ability to absorb iron from the diet. This stage results from a number of physiologic mecha- nisms, including blood loss, pregnancy (in which the demands for red cell production by the f... | 3 | Iron deficiency | Pregnancy | Alkaline pH of stomach | Ferrous iron salts | Anatomy | Haematology | bf850623-e5e1-4cbf-8212-c3a0d328f346 | multi |
Maximum heritability is seen in - | null | 3 | Depression | Mania | Schizophrenia | Panic disorder | Psychiatry | null | f287fb8e-a423-41f3-9127-d040c87fe35c | single |
Positive feedback is seen in A/E : | Ans. is 'c' Stimulation of gastric secretion by histamine and gastrin Most control systems of the body are negative feed back systems. Release of acid in the stomach by the action of gastrin is one of them. Gastrin increase the secretion of gastric acid, but acid then feed backs to inhibit further gastrin secretion.Pos... | 3 | LH Surge | Entry of Ca into sarcoplasmic reticulum | Stimulation of gastric secretion of histamine & gastrin. | Thrombolytic activity in coagulation cascade. | Physiology | Endocrinology metabolism | 77d8efb9-8615-4a12-bade-03f12080c621 | single |
Confounding factor is defined as | A "confounding factor" is defined as one which is associated both with exposure and disease, and is distributed unequally in study and control groups. More specifically a "confounding factor" is one that, although associated with "exposure" under investigation, is itself, independently of any such association, a "risk ... | 1 | Factor associated with both the exposure and the disease and is distributed unequally in study and control groups. | Factor associated with exposure only and is distributed unequally in study and control groups. | Factor associated with both the exposure and the disease and is distributed equally in study and control groups | Factor associated with the disease and is distributed equally in study and control groups | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology | 3d74a043-9662-4011-9ba4-3253f1ff9f88 | multi |
Mc Gregor line and Trapnell lines are seen in? | null | 1 | PNS View | PA View | SMV View | Lateral View | Radiology | null | 413345fa-8dec-491f-ac02-a0671594e9d6 | single |
Common cause of retained placenta: | Ans. is a, i.e. Atonic uterusRef. JB Sharma Obs, Pg 343M/C cause of retained placenta is a simply adherent placenta. This is due to mainly atonic uterus. | 1 | Atonic uterus | Constriction ring | Placenta accreta | Poor voluntary expulsive effort | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Complication of 3rd Stage of Labour | 7988b8da-6778-4544-ad63-ecc599e2f3ff | single |
A 48-year-old patient with signs and symptoms of congestive hea failure presented to the emergency depament. Following stabilization, he was admitted and staed on an inotropic drug 4 months into therapy, the patient staed complaining of yellow scotomas and xanthopsia. An ECG was also conducted. What is the mechanism of... | The above ECG shows alternating narrow and broad QRS complex with negative T waves following a broad QRS suggestive of Ventricular BIGEMINY. Ventricular BIGEMINY is a type of VPC characterised by alternate VPC and sinus rhythm. It is also the most common arrhythmia caused by digoxin. Digoxin is an inotropic drug which ... | 3 | B1 agonist | PDE3 inhibitor | Inhibition of Na-K ATPase pump | B2 antagonist | Unknown | Integrated QBank | be74a221-095e-4c65-becf-adb2210b49a4 | single |
All of the following are true regarding warthins tumor except:- | Ans. is 'a' i.e. more common in females .Warthin's tumorIs the second most common benign tumor of the parotid gland (1st is pleomorphic adenoma).It consists of both epithelial and lymphoid elements thus known as adenolymphoma (probably arises from remnants of parotid tissue trapped in lymphnodes within the parotid glan... | 1 | More common in females | Commonly involve the parotid glands | They arise from the epithelial and the lymphoid cells. | 10% are bilateral | Surgery | Salivary Gland Neoplasms | 2a74afbe-63f7-472c-aec1-4a71c0401c44 | multi |
HIV RNA by PCR can detect as low as: | HIV RNA by PCR can detect as low as40 copies viral RNA/ml of blood | 2 | 30 copies viral RNA/ml of blood | 40 copies viral RNA/ml of blood | 50 copies of viral RNA/ml of blood | 60 copies of viral RNA/ml of blood | Medicine | viral infection | a634813d-365f-4769-8f16-2c186963e377 | single |
All of the following surgical procedures are used for hypertrophic rhinitis except: | (c) Submucosal placement of silastic in inferior turbinate(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 700; Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 1; 1146)Submucosal placement of silastic will aggravate the condition. | 3 | Radiofrequency ablation of the inferior turbinate | Laser ablation of the inferior turbinate | Sub-mucosal placement of silastic in inferior turbinate | Inferior turbinectomy | ENT | Rhinitis | a2dc0d56-452c-48c5-9a04-69c2bfb6c56c | multi |
Appropriate therapy with antiretroviral agents results in a syndrome characterized by an increased inflammatory response from the recovered immune system to subclinical oppounistic infection. What is this syndrome called as? | Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)- characterized by increased inflammatory response, subclinical oppounistic infections. common in patients with severe CD4 + T-lymphocyte depletion There is fever & worsening of clinical manifestations of oppounistic infection or new manifestations (e.g., enlargement of... | 3 | HIV related hyper- reactivity syndrome | AIDS related inflammatory syndrome | Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome | CD4 responsive inflammatory syndrome | Pediatrics | Impoant Viral Diseases in Children | 70702219-96d2-42c8-b2d1-02a2b190d658 | multi |
About SUPERANTIGENS true is | Super antigens are molecules that can interact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T-lymphocytes in a non-specific manner.
These antigens do not involve the endocytic processing as required in typical antigen presentation.
Interaction of superantigens with MHC class II molecules of the APC and the V~ domain of t... | 4 | Immune response is increased by 5% | Needs to be processed before presentation | They are presented by APCs to T cell | Directly attached to latrel aspect of TCR beta chain | Microbiology | null | f6f40949-f023-4bdd-92ca-0d72ef9c95a2 | multi |
Which of the muscles show least EMG activity, when mandible is in centric relation? | The anatomic attachments of posterior and middle parts of temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid muscle are actively involved in holding mandible in its centric relation. Most relaxed muscle out of given options is lateral pterygoid muscle and hence it will show least EMG activity. | 4 | Posterior fibres of temporalis | Middle fibres of temporalis | Medial pterygoid muscle | Lateral pterygoid muscle | Dental | null | bbd20067-392f-4172-a7c7-c20d71453002 | single |
A female presents with history of progressive breathlessness. Histology shows heterogenous patchy fibrosis with several fibroblastic foci. The most likely diagnosis is - | Ref:pathologic basis of disease (Robbins and cotran)7th edition, page no.729 Morphology of usual interstitial pneumonia Grossly, the pleural surfaces of the lung are cobblestoned owing to the retraction of scars along interglobular septa. The cut surface shows fibrosis (firm, rubbery white areas) of the lung parenchyma... | 3 | Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia | Non specific interstitial pneumonia | Usual interstitial pneumonia | Desquamative interstitial pneumonia | Pathology | Respiratory system | 2c3fbba1-f7e4-4117-9c44-6d414b139e86 | single |
Triple test for diagnosis of Down's syndrome includes all of the following except – | Triple test is a combined biochemical test which includes → MSAFP, HCG, & Oestriol
In an affected pregnancy
level of MSAFP is decreased
level of oestriol is decreased
the level of hCG is High (increased) | 3 | β–HCG | α–Fetoprotein | Serum HPL level | Serum oestriol level | Pediatrics | null | eeb2862e-ca63-4732-b2b5-1dbe0a32468c | multi |
An individual lacking the enzyme tyrosinase would be paicularly predisposed to develop which of the following? | This question is simple if you know that tyrosinase is an enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for melanin formation from tyrosine. A lack of tyrosinase causes one form of albinism; a second form is caused by defective tyrosine uptake. Patients with albinism are vulnerable to developing cancers of the skin of all types, ... | 4 | Glioblastoma multiforme | Hemangioblastoma | Hepatoma | Melanoma | Biochemistry | null | 8fde3c9a-459f-4320-8423-b67344f0ad69 | single |
All the following types of hypersensitivity reactions can be demonstrated by skin test except - | Type II hypersensitivity reaction is initiated by IgG or rarely IgM antibodies that react either with cell surface or tissue antigen. Cell or tissue damage occurs in the presence of complement or mononuclear cells. Thus it cannot be elicited by skin test. Reference : Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no: 166,16... | 2 | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | Microbiology | Immunology | 064666d4-7b19-452d-92c9-eee167d17daa | multi |
The hea lesion not found in Congenital Rubella infection is | Classical triad of congenital rubella syndrome is cataract,deafness,cardiac defects. Cardiac defects include pulmonary stenosis,patent ductus aeriosus,ventricular septal defect. Ref : Harrison&;s principles of essential medicine P.no:1299 | 1 | ASD | VSD | PDA | PS | Pediatrics | C.V.S | 84476f68-e01b-4c63-9072-f7485d9b0139 | single |
A 39-year-old man is undergoing resuscitation with blood products for an upper GI bleed. He is suspected of having a hemolytic transfusion reaction. Which of the following is appropriate in the management of this patient? | Hemolytic transfusion reactions lead to hypotension and oliguria. The increased hemoglobin in the plasma will be cleared the kidneys, which leads to hemoglobinuria. Placement of an indwelling Foley catheter with subsequent demonstration of oliguria and hemoglobinuria not only confirms the diagnosis of a hemolytic trans... | 4 | Removal of nonessential foreign body irritants, for example, Foley catheter | Fluid restriction | 0.1 M HCl infusion | Fluids and mannitol | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia | 1f34928e-feaa-4fa1-9230-4d7904279b33 | multi |
Imbibition results in | Imbibition leads to expansion of impression material which makes the impression material to occupy the empty space ; resulting in shorter cast. | 1 | Shorter cast | Larger cast | No change in cast dimension | Any of the above | Dental | null | ed40fc82-8944-4ab5-91be-cd8cca7fea2f | multi |
What type of joint is the growth plate - | Cartilaginous joints
1) Primary cartilaginous joints (synchondrosis, or hyaline cartilage joint): These are:-
The joint between epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing long bone, i.e. physis.
Spheno-occipital joint
1st costosternal joint (1st chondrosternal joint)
Costochondral joints
2) Secondary cartilaginous joint... | 2 | Fibrous | Primary cartilaginous | Secondary cartilaginous | Plane joint | Anatomy | null | 92e42845-d143-4359-804d-f1ce1d7253cb | single |
The minimum recommended conecntration of free chlorine (mg/L) in drinking water at the end of 1 hour is - | Recommended contact period of free residual Chlorine in water : 1 hour Level of free residual chlorine (FRC) recommended : Water type Residual chlorine level (Recommended) Contact period Drinking water >0.5 mg per litre (ppm) 1 hour Water bodies, post disaster >0.7 mg per litre (ppm) 1 hour Swimming pool sanitation >1.... | 2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health | 9807869e-8cab-4b3e-b6ed-6079037632a3 | single |
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