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Natural history of disease can be studied from | Longitudinal studies There is an increasing emphasis on the value of longitudinal studies in which observations are repeated in the same population over a prolonged period of time by means of follow-up examinations. Cross-sectional studieshave been likened to a photograph, and longitudinal studies to a cine film. Longi... | 4 | Community trials | Quasi-controlled trials | Cross-sectional studies | Longitudinal studies | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology | f4eabb5c-5e61-4785-96ed-92f209599fde | single |
Lipodermatosclerosis is most commonly seen at? | Ans. (b) Medial aspect of legRef: Sabiston 18thed ch-68 | 2 | Anterior aspect of leg | Medial aspect of leg | Anterior aspect of thigh | Posterior aspect of thigh | Surgery | Varicose Veins | 1143dec1-a293-4f66-8614-97f040437e09 | single |
Central macular fixation developed at : | The critical period of developed of fixation reflex is 5-6 months of age.
This is the reason why unilateral cataracts in children should be operated early. Remember –
Binocular vision develops at 5-6 years. | 4 | 3 weeks | 3 months | 6 weeks | 6 months | Unknown | null | dfb44695-2200-4665-8d6b-7099eeb3725d | single |
The sensory supply of the fallopian tube and ovary is from - | Sensory supply of Ovary- T10-T11
Sensory supply of Fallopian tube- T10- L2 | 3 | D6 to D8 | D8 to D10 | D10 to D12 | L2 to L4 | Anatomy | null | c1cfa8e1-7ab9-4cfa-b7de-02c895408228 | multi |
In Wilsons disease, copper deposition occurs in - | C.N.S. involvement in Wilson’s disease
In the brain, the toxic injury primarily affects the basal ganglia particularly the putamen which demonstrates atrophy and cavitation.
The involvement of basal ganglia produces extrapyramidal symptoms which are -
Dystonia
Incoordination
Tremor
Dysphagia
Dysarthria
Chorea
Memo... | 4 | Pons | Medulla | Cerebellum | Basal ganglia | Medicine | null | b607a37e-6afb-46c9-92c0-c923d51a56a4 | single |
Glutamine in blood acts as | Glutamine is the major transport form of ammonia. | 1 | NH3 transporter | Toxic element | Store energy | Abnormal metabolite | Biochemistry | null | c97ab29e-81d2-4ad4-a63b-05e544d2cd33 | single |
The neuromuscular transmitter released at neuromuscular junction is: | null | 4 | Dopamine | Epinephrine | Nor epinephrine | Acetylcholine | Physiology | null | 02312d25-bebb-4d21-8b68-cc2fe3099ab1 | single |
Cholangiocarcinoma is caused by: | Ans. b. Clonorchis infestation | 2 | Giardia lamblia | Clonorchis infestation | Paragonimus infestation | Ascaris infestation | Microbiology | null | 6bccd199-e3a8-4641-abb0-982309835501 | single |
In a fracture champy line extended upto condyle; line of treatment will be? | null | 2 | One miniplate | Two miniplate | Lag screw | No fixation of condyle | Surgery | null | a45d0919-8dc1-43ca-9e50-da932f97511a | single |
Hemiballismus is due to lesion in | Answer- B. Contralateral sub-thalamic lesionSub-thalamic nucleus- Contralateral hemiballismus | 2 | Ipisilateral caudate nucleus | Contralateral sub-thalamic lesion | Contralateral putamen | Ipsilateral sub-thalamic lesion | Medicine | null | 4a74569c-2ba3-49a0-9974-f505c2698ae2 | multi |
Who gave the oral drive theory? | Theories and concepts of thumb sucking
Psychosexual/psychoanalytical theory by Sigmund Freud:
According to this, a child goes through various distinct phases of psychological development. In oral phase, it is believed that the mouth is an erogenous zone. During this phase, the child takes anything and everything to th... | 3 | Benjamin | Sigmund Freud | Sears & Wise | Sheldon | Dental | null | 62466ce6-f5ba-488e-889c-23555a08b3ef | single |
Optical coherence tomography is most useful in disorders of: | Ans. Macula | 1 | Macula | Crystalline lens | Refractive errors | Intraocular tumours | Ophthalmology | null | b43a7be5-0b57-406c-a72c-f78851a900ea | multi |
Antiulcer drug is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pirenzepine Pirenzepine is a selective M1 anti-cholinergic & usual doses inhibit acid secretion by 40-50%. | 1 | Pirenzepine | Methylcellulose | Ciprofloxacin | Pyrimethamine | Pharmacology | null | baf78f11-bc90-4d63-afe7-8c80f86d9262 | single |
True about SAF | null | 4 | Are self adjusting files | Confirms to 3D root canal anatomy | Classified in group 4 of ISO classification | All of the above | Dental | null | a40ba6bf-b8ae-48f6-9eb3-61a72c004658 | multi |
Reflex absent in decoicate animal ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Long loop stretch reflex | 2 | Righting reflex | Long loop stretch reflex | Tonic neck reflex | Crossed extensor reflex | Physiology | null | 05dac74c-c961-42af-8611-49d3de86b919 | single |
Sterols are metabolized to | Vitamin D is derived from 7-dehydrocholesterol by the action of UV radiations 7 dehydrocholesterol, an intermediate of a minor pathway of cholesterol synthesis The cis double bond is isomerized to a trans double bond to give rise to vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 469 | 3 | Coenzyme A | VIt A | Vit D | Vit E | Biochemistry | Endocrinology | 2ba8179c-000a-41e9-8d6c-f02d9dff6920 | single |
Lacrimal gland is a derivative of | (A) EctodermDERIVATIVES OF EMBRYONIC TISSUESNeuroectodermCranial Neural Crest CellsSurface EctodermMesoderm* Neurosensory retina* Retinal pigment epithelium* Pigmented ciliary epithelium* Nonpigmented ciliary epithelium* Pigmented iris epithelium* Sphincter & dilator muscles of iris* Optic nerve, axons & glia* Vitreous... | 1 | Ectoderm | Mesoderm | Endoderm | Neural crest cells | Anatomy | Misc. | e84619c8-b2d1-4e93-a244-51bef5d0ab80 | single |
Granulomatous inflammation is which type of hypersensitivity? - | Several autoimmune disorders, as well as pathologic reactions to environmental chemicals and persistent microbes, are now known to be caused by T cells . The occurrence and significance of T lymphocyte-mediated tissue injury have been increasingly appreciated as the methods for detecting and purifying T cells from pati... | 4 | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | Pathology | General pathology | 3f0394b2-0a50-4430-8fb5-9c89ec0f265a | single |
Which is risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Primary sclerosing choiangiocarcinoma Cholangiocarcinomao Cholangiocarcinoma is malignancy of the biliary tree, arising from bile ducts within or outside the liver,o Risk factors:Primary sclerosing cholangitisCongenital fibropolycystic disease of the biliary system (caroli disease, choledochal cyst).E... | 2 | Obesity | Primary sclerosing cholangitis | Salmonella carrier state | HBV infection | Pathology | Liver | a03b7747-2bfc-4f9d-bfed-9fc69bd8f487 | single |
Locard's Principle is concerned with(2018) | Locard's Exchange Principle: When any two objects come into contact, there is always a transfer of material from each object on the other. Trace from the scene may be carried away on the person or tool of the criminal, and at the same time, traces from all or any of these may be left at the scene. Wherever a criminal g... | 1 | Theory of exchange | Criminal responsibility for insane | Calculating age of fetus | Firearm wounds of skull | Forensic Medicine | All India exam | c34dbc1d-b78a-4831-be37-8606c708dac3 | single |
Nicoladoni sign is positive in a young patient with an aeriovenous fistula. This sign is also known as: | Nicoladoni-Branham sign: Compression of a large aeriovenous fistula may cause reflex slowing of the hea rate. Duplex ultrasonography may detect an aeriovenous fistula, especially one that affects the femoral aery and vein at the site of catheter access. Computed tomographic and conventional angiography can confirm the ... | 4 | Murray sign | Frei sign | Darrier sign | Branham sign | Surgery | null | b86739dd-e578-403e-8bee-954dceead744 | single |
A newborn baby was born with phocomelia. It results due to which drug taken by mother during pregnancy? | Thalidomide disaster (1958-61) resulting in thousands of babies born with phocomelia (seal-like limbs) and other defects focused attention to this type of adverse effect. Tetracyclines cause discolored and deformed teeth, retarded bone growth in children Warfarin causes depressed nose; eye and hand defects, growth reta... | 2 | Tetracycline | Thalidomide | Warfarin | Alcohol | Pharmacology | General pharmacology | d6c03993-3e09-4a80-bcab-b46659c08a03 | single |
Epidemic typhus is transmitted by ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Louse | 3 | Flea | Mite | Louse | Tick | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 3d0fe551-9d95-4f8e-bf0a-f15359695267 | single |
Best anaesthesia for status asthamaticus | B i.e. Ketamine | 2 | Thiopentone | Ketamine | Ether | N20 | Anaesthesia | null | c2d56954-1df3-4740-b92b-b33da9fd9707 | single |
Which of the following statements is false about Sacral Meningomyelocele - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Spasticity of the Lower Limbs is seen Meningomvelocele o Meningomyelocele is a condition where normally developed neural tissue along with its covering protrudes in the midline through a defect in mesodermal elements. o The neural tissue may be the spinal cord or the Cauda equina. o In a sacral mening... | 1 | Spasticity of the lower limbs is seen | Hydrocephalus is seen | Bladder incontinence may be seen | Lax anal sphincter is present | Pediatrics | null | bcf57a66-d91b-48ab-8d3a-c48bda62ba34 | multi |
In balanced force technique used for canal preparation: | Balanced force concept uses Flex-R file and is described as "Positioning and pre-loading an instrument through a clockwise rotation and then shaping the canal with a counterclockwise rotation".
Many authors discovered that greater risk of instrument damage was associated with clockwise movement.
For best results, prep... | 1 | Apical force is applied | Lateral force is applied | Both the forces are applied | No force application | Dental | null | 5c45018c-e794-4575-9c13-e96272f3c40f | multi |
All of following live vaccines can be given in symptomatic HIV infection except | Pregnancy: all live vaccines are C/I as it is immuno-compromised state except yellow fever vaccine Asymptomatic HIV infection : none C/I Symptomatic HIV+ infection : All live vaccines C/I (Except in adult we can give MMR&Varicella& Zoster) | 4 | MMR | Varicella | Zoster | Rota virus | Social & Preventive Medicine | Vaccines | 94e97a19-5919-4911-9905-4b079f68e9ca | multi |
In flexion injuries causing supracondylar fractures, the distal fragment is often displaced to | A i.e. Anterior Most common type of elbow injury in children Fracture supracondlar humerusQ (-- 50- 70% of & adolescents all elbow injuries) Most common type of supracondylar fracture Extension typeQ (-98% of all supracondylar ) Most common type of distal fragment Posterior (dorsal/ backward) shift and tiltQ displaceme... | 1 | Anterior | Posterior | Medial | Lateral | Surgery | null | 8830eca5-7205-4bf2-b15b-1be5c29eb167 | single |
All are principles of ethics, except | null | 4 | Do not harm | Respect the persons autonomy and informed consent | Confidentiality, veracity or truthfulness | Non-beneficence | Dental | null | 242cfee8-c3a5-4aad-bc59-ea49d6465d2a | multi |
Which of the following is not the cause of macrocytic anaemia ?- | Lesch nyhan syndrome is due to deficiency are complete or paial absence of HGP enzyme. It does not involve any type of anaemia Reference : textbbook: pathologic basis of disease Author : Robbins and cotron , volume2 , page number 1215 | 3 | Orotic aciduria | Abetalipoproteinemia | Lesh nyhan disease | Transcobalamine deficiency | Pathology | Haematology | ac53f556-a976-4a7f-891c-cd5f8adeee39 | single |
In steel richardson syndrome following are seen except - | null | 1 | Convulsion | Ataxia | Progressive supranuclear palsy | Dementia | Medicine | null | 0c6abe18-de94-4824-98df-1b80892b6d01 | multi |
Enzyme most commonly deficient in congenital adrenal hyperplasia is | Ans. (a) 21 beta hydroxylaseRef: Bailey and love, 27th ed & Campbell 11th Ed consolidationCongenital adrenal hyperplasia or Adrenogenital syndrome: Features* Salt wasters + virilizers (due to aldosterone deficiency)* Simple virilizers (Aldosterone normal)* Non classified (no virlization, no salt wasting)# Virilization ... | 1 | 21 beta hydroxylase | 5 alpha reductase | 11 beta hydroxylase | 17 alpha hydroxylase | Surgery | Pancreas | 373ac2cf-a80f-42b6-8483-3b0f6f843bf7 | single |
A 12kg child has diarrhoea, fluid to be replaced in 1st 4 hours | The fluid to be replaced in first 4 hours is 800-1200 ml. Ref : Park 23rd edition Pgno : 225 | 2 | 1200-1600 ml | 800-1200 ml | 400-800 ml | 0-400 ml | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases | eac54d3d-be28-4873-a32a-93bcefa39af4 | single |
A patient came with complaints of having a deformed nose and also complained that nobody takes him seriously because of the deformity of his nose. He has visited several cosmetic surgeons but they have sent him back saying that there is nothing wrong with his nose. He is probably suffering from: | This patient is showing features of somatic delusional disorder. In this type of disorder, patients have a fixed belief that they have some physical abnormality. They have belief about unusual conditions such as contamination with toxic substances, infestations of insects, foul body odors, malfunctions of specific body... | 3 | Hypochondriasis | Somatization | Delusional disorder | OCD | Psychiatry | null | 9fa5e51a-a57b-46ef-8d5b-7747252f91ae | single |
Pleural calcification is seen in: | Ans. Asbestosis | 1 | Asbestosis | Mesothelioma | Pulmonary infarction | Anthracosis | Radiology | null | b2d47e14-c494-479b-902e-e263f4a27bd8 | single |
Speckled pattern is seen in - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Anti Sm antibody o The most commonly used method to detect antinuclear antibodies is indirect immunofluorescence. o The pattern of nuclear fluorescence suggests the type of antibody present in patient's serum. o Four basic patterns are recognized :? 1. Homogenous or diffuse nuclear chromatin staining ... | 1 | Anti Sm antibody | Anti ds DNA antibody | Anti histone antibody | Anti chromatin antibody | Pathology | null | 353dfd05-b993-413c-8c4a-5f20cac31e16 | single |
True about Ludwig&;s angina | LUDWIG'S ANGINA Submandibular space lies between mucous membrane of the floor of mouth and tongue on one side and superficial layer of deep cervical fascia extending between the hyoid bone and mandible on the other. It is divided into two compaments by the mylohyoid muscle: 1. Sublingual compament (above the mylohyoid)... | 1 | Most common cause is dental infection | Aphthous ulcers in the pharynx | Spreads by lymphatics | Bilateral | ENT | Oral cavity & Oesophagus | 9600e2db-5139-489b-aeaa-20a2eb28e511 | multi |
A girl with normal milestones spend her time seeing her own hand, do not interact with others, what is the diagnosis ? | Autism Prevasive developmental disorder includes the following condition :- Autism - Rett's disorder - Asperger's disorder - Childhood disintegrative disorder - Pervasive disorders not otherwise specified Pervasive development disorders are characterized by three symptom clusters? i) Impairment in social reciprocity ma... | 2 | ADHD | Autism | Schizophrenia | Depression | Psychiatry | null | 5defd6ce-ce17-476b-acc5-86a429859f77 | single |
Panhypopituitarism in adults may lead to all of the following EXCEPT: | Panhypopituitarism in adult leads to: - Hypothyroidism - intolerance to cold Depressed production of glucocoicoids by adrenal glands. Loss of sexual functions, d/t suppressed secretions of the gonadotropic hormones Pigmentation is due to effect of MSH secreted by pituitary. In panhypopituitarism, levels of MSH decrease... | 2 | Loss of secondary sexual characteristics | Pigmentation of skin | Intolerance to cold | Infeility | Physiology | Endocrine System | b69fade9-33e0-443e-8444-aa0351beee15 | multi |
Exomphalos major should be operated at - | null | 1 | Birth | 3 months of age | 1 year | 3 years | Surgery | null | 8328cb12-b083-45c9-9416-b47dc776ba65 | single |
Free water clearance is decreased by | Flurosemide is a drug which act on both coex and medulla. It acts on the ascending limb of loop of Henle which has both coical and medullary components.Thus,furosemide can block positive as well as negative free water clearance. Vincristine increases the secretion of the harmone ADH and thus decreases positive free wat... | 4 | Vincristine | Vinblastine | Chlorpropamide | Furosemide | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | 69e531c1-f559-44ab-8763-40d0dcbe46dd | single |
True about transfusion malaria by Plasmodium vivax is the following EXCEPT: | Ans. c (Clinical features and complications are different than in naturally acquired infection) (Ref: Harrison's 17th/p. 1285; Park 22nd/250)TRANSFUSION MALARIA# Most common organism P.vivax and malariae.# Incubation period short (as no pre-erythrocytic stage of development).# Clinical features and management is same a... | 3 | Incubation period is short | Stage of pre-erythrocytic development is absent | Clinical features and complications are different than in naturally acquired infection | Radical treatment with primaquine is unnecessary | Medicine | Infection | cfd9994a-7d48-4155-9bd6-8e2bf9fbbbff | multi |
Which of these is the most commom cause of Primary Amenorrhea ? | Primary Amenorrhea- In absence of secondary sexual characters, no menses till the age of 13 years - In presence of secondary sexual characters, no menses till the age of 15years Causes: Ovarian dysgenesis , also termed gonadal dysgenesis in women is most common cause. In this, turners syndrome is the commonest variety ... | 3 | Constitutional / idiopathic | Mayers rokitansky kustner hauser syndrome (MRKH) | Gonadal dysgenesis | Androgen Insenstivity syndrome | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Menstruation, Abnormal Menstruation, Menopausal Physiology and forsight of conception | 3bf78ec0-74ab-4568-ba9b-45dd15546092 | single |
55 year old male presents with hyperpigmentation, nail atrophy and reversible hair loss. Patient also have hamaomatous colon polyps. Diagnosis is ? | Patient is suffering from Cronkhite Canada syndrome Mn: C - Cronkhite Canada syndromeA- Acquired, skin & appendages of skin- Hyperpigmentation- Reversible Hair loss- OnychodystrophyD - Diarrhea (Massive)- Cause of death GI Lesions: Hamaomatous colon polyps, Crypt dilatation and edema in nonpolypoid mucosa | 4 | Turcot syndrome | Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | Bannayan-Ruvalcaba-Riley syndrome | Cronkhite-Canada syndrome | Pathology | Intestinal Polyps, Colon & Anal Cancer | 7f8d99a9-5853-422f-b3e3-81506c610e51 | single |
Spread of which disease cannot be controlled by isolation - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Neonatal tetanus Periods of isolation recommendedDiseaseDuration of isolationChickenpoxUntil all lesions cursted; usually about 6 days after onset of rashMeaslesFrom the onset of catarrhal stage through 3rd day of rashGerman measlesNon, except that women in the first trimester or sexually active, non ... | 2 | Diphtheria | Neonataltetanus | Cholera | Mumps | Social & Preventive Medicine | Tetanus | 044c295c-6256-4ff9-9831-8467ab82c178 | single |
Steroid suphatase deficiency is seen in | X-linked ichthyosis (abbreted XLI) is a skin condition caused by the hereditary deficiency of the steroid sulfatase (STS) enzyme that affects 1 in 2000 to 1 in 6000 males. XLI manifests with dry, scaly skin and is due to deletions or mutations in the STS gene. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1332 | 3 | Ichthyosis vulgaris | Lamellar Ichthyosis | 'X' linked recessive icthyosis | None of the above | Dental | Autoimmune skin disorders | 041e2269-6713-4b5e-bb1c-21129b755e60 | multi |
True about adult cornea: | D i.e. Microcornea - diameter less than 10 mm Horizontal diameter of cornea at bih is 10 mm and the adult size (11.7 mm) is attained by the age of 2 years. Megalocornea is labeled when the horizontal diameter of cornea is of adult size at bih or >13 mm after the age of two yearsQ. In microcornea horizontal diameter is ... | 4 | Diameter is 10 mm | Diameter is 12 mm | Diameter is 14 min | Microcornea-diameter < 10mm | Ophthalmology | null | 82b46582-cf55-48d5-9a57-67ab2bf2406b | multi |
Normal width of PDL is: | null | 1 | 0.5mm | 1. mm | 1.5mm | 2. mm | Dental | null | b880e81c-4f85-4cfc-bb55-08c45a74537a | single |
Attitude in subcoracoid dislocation of shoulder includes: | B i.e. Limb by the side of body | 2 | Adduction | Limb on side of body | Abduction | Elevation | Surgery | null | 7a6c1931-88c4-41a3-8839-54c52bec39db | single |
All of the following are common features of Cushing's syndrome, except? | Cushing syndrome is characterized with proximal muscle weakness resulting in difficulty in climbing stairs. "Lemon on sticks" appearance results in centripetal obesity. The Weight gain leads to insulin resistance coupled with effects of coisol leading to impaired glucose tolerance. | 3 | Truncal obesity | Osteoporosis | Distal myopathy | Glucose intolerance | Medicine | Cushing Syndrome | a6ce4a45-f1ec-4d17-9b0f-85aed9a89b29 | multi |
Which of these is the ONLY true statement regarding Caesarean section ? | Advantages of exteriorization of uterus: An atonic uterus can be recognized quickly and massage applied. The incision and bleeding points are visualized more easily and repaired, Adnexal exposure is superior, and thus tubal sterilization is easier. Uterine closure in single or two layers does not significantly increase... | 4 | Exteriorisation of uterus for repair of uterine incision is detrimental step and hence avoided | Two layer closure of uterine incision is associated with significantly less risk of scar rupture | All incidental uterine fibroids should be excised during LSCS | Lower segment caesarean has lower risk of scar dehiscence in next pregnancy compared to classical | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Obstetrics | 47264ad4-84cb-4180-9bc9-e02b2636591d | multi |
Best investigation in acute cholecystitis is: | Ans. HIDA scan | 2 | Technetium scan | HIDA scan | Pipida scan | Plain X-ray abdomen | Radiology | null | aa721ecb-98d3-45b0-8906-8b0a4c1aed09 | single |
When evaluating for possible otitis media, which of the following is of the least diagnostic value? | The light reflex can often be visualized in an abnormal ear. Gauging, decreased translucency of the TM and evaluating for the presence of a fluid level behind the TM requires experience, but these are good indicators of infection when detected. Mobility in response to pneumatoscopy is also quite sensitive in practiced ... | 2 | History of a new onset of ear pulling staing several days after URI | Presence of the light reflex | Translucency of the tympanic membrane (TM) | Mobility in response to pneumatoscopy | ENT | Ear | db71deff-7b1f-4f6e-83d4-90e3ff0aedd5 | single |
Effects mediated by H1 histamine receptor include: | Sedation occurs with those drugs that are potent antagonists of the H1-histamine receptor, including chlorpromazine, olanzapine, quetiapine and clozapine.
Histamine H1 receptors mediate many pathological processes, including allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, bronchoconstriction, asthma an... | 3 | Inhibition of gastric acid secretion | Induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes | Maintenance of a wakeful state | Vasoconstriction of arterioles | Pharmacology | null | c82e21a8-8e6c-49aa-8394-0b47e9fa6f15 | single |
Posterior dislocation of Hip can damage which nerve- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., SciaticComplications of posterior dislocation of hipo Complications of posterior dislocation areInjury to sciatic nerve The nerve is vulnerable to injury where it lies behind the posterior wall of acetabulum.Avascular necrosis of femoral head) Damage to the femoral headMyositis ossificans (Post-trauma... | 2 | Superior gluteal | Sciatic | Inferior gluteal | Femoral | Orthopaedics | Congenital Dislocation of Hip (C.D.H.) | 3eebf849-decf-4a4a-baa7-0f19b876e5ff | single |
In sweat glands, the sympathetic neurotransmitter- | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Acetylcholine o Neurotransmitter in all preganglionic autonomic nerves (both sympathetic and parasympathetic) is acetylcholine (ACH)o Neurotransmitter in all ganglia (both sympathetic and parasympathetic) is acetylcholine.o Neurotransmitter in postganglionic parasympathetic fibres is acetylcholine.o I... | 4 | Norepinephrine | Epinephrine | Dopamine | Acetylcholine | Pharmacology | Skin | 5143f41b-caaa-475b-98d2-d25cd5b75862 | single |
True about sex pilus | Ans: a) (Hollow tubular....) Ref: Medical microbiology Jawetz 23nl ed. Baily & Scott's diagnostic microbiology 12th edCONJUGATION* Process where male/ donor bacterium mates or makes physical contact with female/ recipient bacterium & transfers genetic elements into it. 1st described by Lederberg & Tatum in E coli calle... | 1 | Hollow tubular structure binding bacteria during conjugation | During conjugation host DNA is always transferred | Plasmid is transferred always | ? | Microbiology | General | 5cef5815-1703-4969-98f1-5fbe8cd514d8 | multi |
P wave is due to: | Answer is A (Atrial Depolarization) P wave is produced due to atrial depolarization. Intervals Events in the Hea During Interval P wave Atrial depolarization PR interval Atrial depolarization and conduction through AV node QRS duration Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization QT interval Ventricular depolar... | 1 | Atrial depolarization | Atrial repolarization | Ventricular depolarization | Ventricular repolarization | Medicine | null | 368e107e-e899-470d-aabf-297552985b51 | single |
What type of probe is used in western blot technique | Western blotting is done to detect proteins. Radiactive labelled antibody is used as probe. | 3 | tRNA | mRNA | Antibody | Mutant and normal oligonucleotides | Biochemistry | null | 1a5d9b02-77cb-4d7e-922f-55facb0b7f66 | single |
The venom of krait is | Ans. (D). Neurotoxic(Ref: Review of Forensic Medicine and toxicology; Gautum Biswas; 2nd edition; Pg-527)Elapidae - NeurotoxicQ venomViperidae - VasculotoxicQ venomHydrophidae - MyotoxicQ venom | 4 | Myotoxic | Cardiotoxic | Hemotoxic | Neurotoxic | Forensic Medicine | Gram-Positive Infections - Corynebacterial Infections | a7d9285d-4644-40db-8d26-f827e47455b1 | single |
Which of the following surgery is contraindicated below 12 years of age? | Contraindications of SMR
Patients below 17 years of age. In such cases, a conservative surgery (septoplasty) should be done.
An acute episode of respiratory infection.
Bleeding diathesis.
Untreated diabetes or hypertension. | 3 | Rhinoplasty | Antral puncture | SMR | Septoplasty | ENT | null | 48490a94-01e2-4b89-9949-af0236a39998 | single |
Vasculitis is seen in-a) Burger's diseaseb) HSPc) Goutd) Reiteres diseasee) Behcets syndrome | null | 4 | abcd | bcde | acde | abde | Pathology | null | 264aa6a1-4b97-4247-a201-29d4c164580c | single |
Epstein Barr virus is believed to be responsible for all of the following conditions, EXCEPT: | Ebstein Barr Virus usually causes atypical lymphocytosis with thrombocytopenia and neutropenic. The clinical diagnosis can be made from the characteristic triad of fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy lasting for 1 to 4 weeks. In a very few carriers of this virus causes the emergence of Burkitt's lymphoma and nasoph... | 3 | G.B syndrome | Transverse myelitis | Thrombocytosis | Lymphocytosis | Microbiology | null | 0fb66653-eb87-48e0-a9d3-b118132df2d7 | multi |
Delusion of persecution occurs in - | Delusions of presecution are seen in schizophrenia (especially paranoid), severe affective disorders (Severe mania, Severe depression), and organic brain syndrome. | 4 | Schizophrenia | Paranoid psychosis | Manic episode | All of the above | Psychiatry | null | 90766033-d636-4cb9-9910-ad2a468c157c | multi |
Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome) is characterized by all, Except : | Answer is D (Horner's syndrome is rare): Horner's syndrome forms pa of the constellation of manifestations seen in lateral medullary syndrome or Wallenberg syndrome. It is produced as a result of infUrction of the descending sympathetic tract. Ipsilateral Homer's syndrome | 4 | Giddiness | Dysphagia | Crossed hemianaesthesia | Homer's syndrome is rare | Medicine | null | c7ebf950-b762-4b51-9b7e-9e46c31beb76 | multi |
Carboxylation is governed by - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Biotin VitaminActive form (coenzvmes)Reaction typeB1 (Thiamin)Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)Oxidative decarboxylation, TransketolationB2 (Riboflavin)FMNt FADOxidation / Reduction (Redox reaction)B3 (Niacin)NAD\ NADP"Oxidation / Reduction (Redox reaction)B6 (Pyridoxin)Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)Transaminat... | 1 | Biotin | Niacin | Thiamine | Pyridoxine | Unknown | null | 3450bc95-f028-4cfb-8e60-fcd64e355ecd | single |
Pure gold fuses at the temperature (in °C) of: | null | 2 | 863 | 1063 | 1263 | 1463 | Dental | null | 6d087aa0-be0c-4a03-9154-d0a9bee254f5 | single |
A person showing two cell lines derived from two different zygotes is known as - | null | 1 | Chimerism | Mosaicism | Seggregation | Pseudo-dominance | Anatomy | null | 2992b6de-869c-46a8-994d-4bfd18865144 | single |
Why a hard surface is necessary for a die stone: | null | 3 | To prevent breakage of die. | To prevent water absorption. | To make surface abrasion resistant. | To easy removal of wax pattern. | Dental | null | eec10e51-3121-4c12-9c56-e9ebb7598aba | single |
Which of the following can be the principle modality of choice for evaluating lungs of a young patient with suspected alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency? | HRCT is best to detect and evaluate suspected cases of bronchiectasis, emphysema, diffuse lung diseases and ILDs. | 3 | High resolution Ultrasound | Ahrography | HRCT | MRI | Pathology | All India exam | b1edee1a-41b9-4031-ae52-29492dd95f0c | single |
Oligospermia caused by aEUR' | Methotrexate "Transient but reversible oligospermia has been repoed in males receiving high dose methotrexate for cancer chemotherapy". Defective oogenesis or spermatogenesis "Occurs in methotrexate therapy" | 1 | Methotrexate | Hydroxychloroquine | Leflunomide | D-peniollamine | Pharmacology | null | b153edbc-e294-4491-bb50-2d116f81041b | single |
During staining for Electron Microscopy, the method which improves contrast of specimen is | The specimen stained with phosphotungstic acid in electron microscope for better visualisation of the structures. Negative staining with phosphotungstic acid used in electron microscope. | 2 | Positive staining | Negative staining | Shadow staining | None of these | Unknown | null | d6fe7bc1-d9bb-4bf9-a0dd-0058b95bfdc8 | multi |
Indication of FESS: | All options are correct. Indications of FESS A. nasal conditions:sinusitis, polyp removal, mucocele,choanal attesoa repair, septoplasty, foreign body removal, epustaxis B. Other conditions: Nose is separated from orbit by lamina papyracea, anterior cranial fossa bu cribriform plate and pituitary by sphenoid. Hence FESS... | 2 | inveed papilloma | Orbital abscess | Nasal polyposis | Opticnerve decompression | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses | c07ed6c3-9bda-4c0a-83ea-1864b0b2f391 | single |
Keisselbach's plexus is present at ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Anteroinferior pa of nasal septum | 3 | Medial wall of nasopharynx | Lateral wall of nasal cavity | Anteroinferior pa of nasal septum | Posterior pa of the nasal cavity | Anatomy | null | 5494a8d4-4fca-4cf6-9639-602d548879d4 | multi |
All of the following are done in behavior therapy to increase a behavior, EXCEPT: | Operant conditioning is a well known technique used to modify behavior. This technique involves increasing or decreasing a paicular behavior by associating the behavior with a positive or negative conditions (rewards or punishments). The three basic operant conditioning techniques are positive reinforcement, negative r... | 2 | Reward | Punishment | Operant conditioning | Negative reinforcement | Psychiatry | null | 683e4608-1bf3-4f2a-96ed-e343148385f5 | multi |
Willis Ekbom disease is: | Restless leg syndrome is also called as "Willis Ekbom" disease.
Ekbom syndrome is Delusional parasitosis. | 2 | Delusional parasitosis | Restless leg syndrome | Somnambulism | Autism in orphans | Psychiatry | null | 58ccb900-c1bc-40c2-ae59-1a1c593c00d7 | single |
A 65 year old male had MI one year ago. Now the same patients presents with hypertension. Which of the following drug is best suited for this patient? | Ans. (d) LisinoprilRef.: Harrison 19th ed. /1623, 18th edition ch. 247* ACEIs attenuate the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, improve symptomatology and risk of death from CHF, and reduce morbidity and mortality rates in post-myocardial infarction patients.* Similar benefits in cardiovascular morbidity and m... | 4 | Clonidine | Thiazide | Metoprolol | Lisinopril | Medicine | C.V.S. | 918cb8ca-e648-434c-8926-004a35032fec | single |
Triple test includes all EXCEPT - | (A) (Inhibin A) (106 - Dutta 7th)Inhibin A is a dimeric glycoprotein. It is produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta.* Serum levels of inhibin A is raisedin women carrying a fetus with Down's syndrome.Acetvle choline esterase (AChE) Amniotic fluid AChE level is elevated in most cases of open neural tube defects**... | 1 | Inhibin A | AFP | HCG | UE3 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) | b0718c30-3f77-46b2-9e8c-2f8e843e967e | multi |
Glycogen storage disorder is- | Glycogen storage disease type II, also called Pompe disease, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder which damages muscle and nerve cells throughout the body. It is caused by an accumulation of glycogen in the lysosome due to deficiency of the lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase enzyme. It is the only glycogen storag... | 4 | Niemann - Pick disease | Gaucher disease | Tay- Sacks disease | Pompe's disease | Biochemistry | null | fe1918a4-cbec-4eaa-9dc7-9d226d16ec39 | single |
Which of the following is true regarding enalapril treatment in patients of essential hypertension? | null | 1 | Decreased angiotensin II concentration in the blood | Decreased concentration of renin in the blood | Decreases sodium and increases potassium in the urine | All of the above | Pharmacology | null | 36e44f12-cd74-4af3-a9e4-36f766c71cfd | multi |
Absolute refractory period is due to: | Inactivated gates of sodium are closed during depolarization and Remain closed until repolarization no action potential can occure untill inactivated sodium gate are opened Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:70 | 4 | Opening of calcium channels | Opening of potassium channals | Closure of Active gates of sodium channals | Closure of inactive gates of sodium channals | Physiology | General physiology | 99f64af8-546d-4354-be01-58393e845654 | single |
Which approach of brachial plexus block targets cords of the brachial plexus:- | The brachial plexus is formed by theventral ramiofC5-C6-C7-C8-T1, occasionally with small contributions byC4andT2. There are multiple approaches to blockade of the brachial plexus, beginning proximally with the interscalene block and continuing distally with the supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and axillary blocks. Th... | 1 | Infraclavicular | Supraclavicular | Axillary | All | Anaesthesia | Regional Anesthesia | ac06b86a-8b0c-4ad5-bd2d-740a64456e75 | multi |
Type D personality has been recently found to be a risk factor for - | Type C personality → Increased risk of cancer
Type D personality → Increased risk of Cardiovascular problems:- increased mortality, MI, Sudden Cardiac death. | 1 | Coronary artery disease | Depression | Personality disorder | Schizophrenia | Psychiatry | null | d14e61a5-39f2-4a5c-b787-c9df51b665b9 | single |
Pasteurization of milk is achieved by boiling at - | In holder method milk is kept at 63-66 deg C for atleast 30 min.REF.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE.Editon-21.Page no.-606 | 1 | 65 oC for 30 min | 72 oC for 10 sec | 100 oC for 20 sec | 136 oC for 30 sec | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health | eba2ef38-6dca-4053-9c77-0d1872b4f05e | single |
A 60 years old male with history of 60-pack years of smoking is now diagnosed to be suffering from carcinoma lung. Histologic evaluation of the tumor revealed small, highly mitotic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. Which of the following clinical presentation might occur in the patient during the course of illness? | Ans. c. Thin limbs and obese trunks (Ref: Harrison 19/e p610, 2271, 2314, 18/e p745, 829, 2945, 3061-3062; Robbins 9/e p717, 8/e p729, 730)In a 60 years old male with history of 55 pack years, who presented with chronic cough. Biopsy of lung showed small hyperchromatic nuclei and highly mitotic cells, which is suggesti... | 3 | Psychological changes | Frequent need for blood transfusions | Thin limbs and obese trunks | Enlarged breasts, increased hair all over the body | Medicine | Endocrinology | 4c565cf7-09e4-4246-be08-25b4f0b5f7b9 | multi |
Supreme LMA characteristic is | LMA Supreme is one of the most advanced laryngeal mask airway (LMA)It has features of usual LMA with additional Built-in drain tube and a bite blockIt has high volume/ low-pressure cuff which generates higher seal pressureIt also provides a conduit for active suctioning of stomachIt can be used in infants as well as in... | 4 | Has no bite block | Used in infants | High pressure, low volume | Has built in drain tube | Anaesthesia | All India exam | 8213f07f-ec90-4a1e-935e-020e96fadc90 | single |
Which one of the following chemical nature makes a better antigen? | Antigens are usually peptides, polysaccharides or lipids. In general, molecules other than peptides (saccharides and lipids) qualify as antigens but not as immunogens since they cannot elicit an immune response on their own. Ref: Ananthanarayan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg:88 | 4 | Lipids | Nucleic acids | Polysachharides | Proteins | Microbiology | Immunology | e18d1626-57c1-4fab-b683-d59030b634e6 | single |
True about the pancreas is | (D) Arterial supply to the pancreas is through the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries | 4 | The uncinate process is just ventral to where the splenic and the superior mesenteric vein unite | Duct of Santorini is ventral to the duct of Wirsung | The two ducts rarely unite to form common entry into the duodenum | Arterial supply to the pancreas is through the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries | Anatomy | Misc. | 9677431c-f798-4790-a467-b1ab7a75b333 | multi |
Fungus not cultivable usually is | Histoplasma- SDA or brain hea infusion agar. Cryptococcus- SDA and Niger seed agar media( Brown colonies). Dermatophytes - sabouraud glucose neopeptone agar, sabouraud agar. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Baveja; 4th edition | 1 | Rhinosporidium | Cryptococcus | Dermatophytes | Histoplasma | Microbiology | mycology | 3a08a6b6-6cfd-47ee-94e1-598d42d83085 | multi |
Mesangial deposition of electron dense substance seen in? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., IgA nephropathyIgA Nephropathy: shows presence of electron dense deposits in the mesangium. | 1 | IgA nephropathy | Membranous nephropathy | Minimal change disease | Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis | Pathology | null | c281e5fa-ce51-4f13-9f4b-0543d8552a6f | single |
DMPA causes all the following EXCEPT: | Ans. D. ThromboembolismDraw backs of DMP A is - frequent irregular menstrual bleeding, spotting and amenorrhoea are common, weight gain. | 4 | Weight gain | Irregular cycles | Amenorrhoea | Thromboembolism | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Obs) | 3c5e16fe-416a-4409-ba1a-6ac26bf673d6 | multi |
Le Fo classification involves fracture of | Le Fo classification involves the fractures of maxilla which includes transverse fracture, pyramidal fracture and craniofacial dysfunction. Ref: Textbook of diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th edition, pg no. 207 | 1 | Maxilla | Mandible | Zygomatic arch | Nasal bone | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses | 5184dc42-d555-4a0c-9219-b8a9e41204ff | single |
Radiation is most commonly associated with which of the following cancer ? | Answer- A. LeukemiaLeukemia is the most common radiation induced cancer. All leukemias, except CLL, can be caused by radiations. | 1 | Leukemia | Lymphoma | Lung carcinoma | Osteoblastoma | Pathology | null | ada401b2-75bb-4847-9e8f-28353656e2bd | single |
Dose of insulin in stable diabetics is reduced in- | Insulin in CRF The kidneys carry out one third of exogenous insulin degradation. It is filtered at the glomerulus and is absorbed by the proximal tubule. Sixty percent of the renal clearance is due to glomerular filtration and 40% in the secretion by uptake from peritubular vessels. Reduction in renal filtration is pai... | 4 | Thyrotoxicosis | Propanolol therapy | III trimester of pregnancy | CRF | Medicine | Endocrinology | f983f68b-145c-4a55-8ee8-d62edf1c0e3c | single |
Which is most likely to be increased in Vit K deficiency - | null | 2 | P. T. T. | P.T. | Platelet count | Fibrinogen time | Medicine | null | b84d4160-4098-45ec-b27a-4423376918aa | single |
Which of the following is true regarding seminoma? | Seminoma is very rare in infants. Alpha fetoprotein is not raised in seminoma. | 3 | 40% cases occurs in children <1 year of age | Alpha fetoprotein can be used as a marker | Dysgerminoma is its ovarian counterpart | All of the above statements are true | Pathology | null | 985a4beb-8259-4271-a4b1-bc88c264a38a | multi |
Ligament of Berry in thyroid fixes | (Cricoid Cartilage) (166-BDC-3)4th editionCapsules of Thyroid1. The true capsule is the peripheral condensation of the connective tissue of the gland2. The false capsule is derived from the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia. It is thin along the posterior border of the lobes, but thick on the inner surface ... | 2 | Hyoid bone | Cricoid cartilage | Trachea | Thyroid | Anatomy | Head & Neck | a03d662a-f32a-4a87-93b1-3a1e1e5ec2e7 | single |
If amphotericin B is administered, the patient should not be premedicated with: | Amphotericin B infusion is associated with Acute Reaction which consists of chills, fever, aches and pain all over, nausea, vomiting and dyspnoea lasting for 2- 5 hour, probably due to release of cytokines (IL, TNFa). Therefore to prevent this reaction, patient should be premedicated with: H1 antihistaminics like diphe... | 4 | Diphenhydramine | Ibuprofen | Prednisone | Atazanavir | Pharmacology | Anti-Fungal Drugs | 52fc30d1-7dc0-458c-aa73-96f359afcc98 | single |
The following test is not used for diagnosis of leprosy : | A i.e. Lepromin test | 1 | Lepromin test | Slit skin smear | Fine needle aspiration cytology | Skin biopsy | Skin | null | 6a9d613d-2bf6-4344-80d2-1b92b029286d | single |
True regarding autonomic system is | Autonomic nervous system
- The highest centre is the hypothalamus.
- Conduction speed is slower in ANS compared to somatic nerves. ANS is non-myelinated.
- Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are lengthier because parasympathetic ganglia lie closer to the organs.
- Ratios of preganglionic ... | 3 | High centre of integration is medulla oblongata | Conduction autonomic fibres is same as in somatic motor fibres | Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres are more lengthy | Ratio of preganglionic and post ganglionic fibres is 20:1 | Physiology | null | 4317e47d-5487-4b55-8fbf-cc594bf4a831 | multi |
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