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Serum does not contain | Serum has essentially the same composition as plasma, except that its fibrinogen and clotting factors II, V, and VIII (Table 32-5). (Ref: Ganong's review of medical physiology 23rd Edition page no.530) | 1 | Fibrinogen | Cerruloplasmin | Albumin | Globulin | Physiology | General physiology | 8e2418de-2bd0-4503-af33-09d70f425dbb | single |
Renal threshold for glucose is: | null | 3 | 80 mg% | 100 mg% | 180 mg/dl | 200 mg% | Biochemistry | null | 98576ce6-8bdf-4cd2-b11a-75cd9e229c95 | single |
Forbe&;s disease is due to deficiency of | Glycogen storage disease type III is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder and inborn error of metabolism characterized by a deficiency in glycogen debranching enzymes. It is also known as Cori&;s disease in honor of the 1947 Nobel laureates Carl Cori and Gey Cori. Other names include Forbes disease in honor of cli... | 2 | Branching enzyme | Debranching enzyme | Myophosphorylase | Hepatic phosphorylase | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate | 62d1f728-d1cd-427c-a26a-294f077a7d7b | single |
Adult worm of Echinococcus is found in: | Ref. Textbook of Microbiology and Immunology BY Parija. – Compiled from Various chapters | 1 | Dog | Humans | Domestic animals | Felines | Unknown | null | 46aababe-a4f0-44f6-8414-54f25ecd02bf | single |
All of the following are except- advantages of LMA | LMA is also called Brain mask .It is a supraglottic airway device.It is intermediate between face mask and ETT. Used in difficult airway,in minor and day care surgeries,no muscle relaxant is necessary Disadvantage is it doesn&;t prevent aspiration of gastric contents. | 2 | More reliable than face mask | Prevent aspiration | Alternative to Endotracheal intubation | Does not require laryngoscop & Visualization | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments | e1a96b9c-2fa4-49c7-8f4f-9e831669aac2 | multi |
In herpes simplex encephalitis, drugs used are, EXCEPT: | The most effective drug for herpes simplex encephalitis is acyclovir, given intravenously at a dosage of 10 to 15 mg/kg every 8 hours, with each dose given over 1 hour. Ganciclovir is an analogue of acyclovir which is active against all herpes viruses including Herpes simplex. Vidarabine is a purine nucleoside analogue... | 4 | Acyclovir | Vidarabine | Ganciclovir | Amantadine | Pharmacology | null | 61292294-d7c9-4914-87b7-56b94d7dc3ff | multi |
NOT a hypolipidemic drug: | Ans. (c) SomatostatinRef. KDT 6th ed. / 235SOMATOSTATIN* Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of GH, TSH and prolactin by pituitary, insulin and glucagon by pancreas and most importantly. It inhibits most of G.I secretions gastrin and HC1.* It can be used in controlling esophageal varices and bleeding peptic ulcer.* Dru... | 3 | Simvastatin | Fenofibrate | Somatostatin | Fluvastatin | Pharmacology | Hypolipidemic Drugs | e5e1da36-d58e-452c-b7de-afa63fd3cfe4 | single |
Factors that produce acute pancreatitis include all of the following except | The two leading causes associated with acute pancreatitis are alcoholism and cholelithiasis, both of which are implicated in more than 80% of cases. Less common causes of acute pancreatitis include trauma, ischaemia, shock, extension of inflammation from the adjacent tissues, bloodborne bacterial infection, viral infec... | 4 | Alcohol | Hypercalcemia of parathyroid origin | Gall stones | Haemochromatosis | Pathology | G.I.T | 7e01f270-13e8-4449-847f-436e6aada581 | multi |
Carbenicillin: | Ans. (A) Is effective in pseudomonas infection(Ref: KDT 8/e p773)Carbenicillin is a penicillin congener effective against pseudomonas and indole positive proteus which are not inhibited by penicillin G or ampicillin/amoxicillin.It is inactive orally and excreted rapidly in urine. It is sensitive to penicillinase and ac... | 1 | Is effective in pseudomonas infection | Has no effect in Proteus infection | Is a macrolide antibiotic | Is administered orally | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy: General Principles | 2262a9d2-e7d3-4b36-8c1f-4f88195621da | multi |
Topical immunomodulator used for the treatment of genital was is: | Genital wa treatments that can be applied directly to your skin include: Imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara). This cream appears to boost the immune system's ability to fight genital was. Avoid sexual contact while the cream is on your skin. It may weaken condoms and diaphragms and may irritate. One possible side effect is red... | 1 | Imiquimod | Podophylline | Interferon | Acyclovir | Pharmacology | Immunomodulators | 5bd0e750-f5ff-4ecd-af21-2dff2a65f597 | single |
Within an hour after cementation of cast gold onlay patient complains of shooting pain every time the teeth comes together. Most probable explanation is? | null | 4 | Supraocclusion of restoration | Retained cement in gingival sulcus | Excess acid in mix | Galvanic current caused by gold onlay occluding with a large restoration | Dental | null | 09c102f2-0d33-4ee1-9bcf-dfc45d044430 | single |
All are true regarding staphylococcal toxin except ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Mainly endotoxin Impoant facts about virulence factors . Clumping factor is bound coagulase which is responsible for the slide coagulase test. . Coagulase (free coagulase) - Acts along with a coagulase reacting factor (CRF) in plasma. - Eight type of coagulase have been identified, most human strains ... | 2 | Beta haemolysin shows hot cold phenomenon | Mainly endotoxin | Enterotoxin causes food poisoning | Exfoliative toxin causes Reiter's syndrome | Microbiology | null | 2ff1eb62-ce35-411e-9d71-5dc69aad8b21 | multi |
Staph. aureus causes vomiting in 2 hours after eating contaminated milk product . The mechanism of action is - | Option 1, 3 Increase in cyclic AMP/GMP-accumulation of sodium chloride in the intestinal lumen- Diarrhea. Option 2 Toxin Stimulates the vagus nerve and vomiting center of brain. Acts directly on the autonomic nervous system rather than on gastrointestinal mucosa. Option 4 Cholera toxin: binds to GM1 ganglioside recepto... | 2 | Stimulation of C AMP | Vagal stimulation | Stimulation of C GMP | Acts through ganglioside GM receptor | Microbiology | Systemic Bacteriology Pa 1 (Gram Positive Cocci, Gram Negative Cocci) | 2fb42f16-a50e-4397-9ec6-049048876ec1 | single |
A patient presents with Hb of 8 gm% , WBC count of 2000/mm3 and platlet count of 60000/mm3. What is your likely diagnosis? | ANSWER: (C) Aplastic anemiaREF: Harrison's 18th ed Ch: 107It's a straight forward diagnosis of Aplastic anemia since all the three cell lines of blood are reduced. The very basic question tests your knowledge of normal blood counts | 3 | Thalassemia | Sickle cell anemia | Aplastic anemia | Anemia of chronic disease | Medicine | Anemia and RBC Disorders | ba98b1a1-3e43-41be-aa72-41120c5be8c4 | single |
Holt-Oram syndrome is characterized by? | Holt-Oram syndrome: - Autosomal dominant disorder - Characterized by - skeletal abnormalities of hands and arms like: Hypoplastic/ absent thumbs, radii Triphalangism Phocomelia - Cardiac anomalies ASD 1st degree hea block TRIPHALANGISM phacomelia | 1 | ASD | VSD | TGA | TAPVC | Pediatrics | Acyanotic congenital hea diseases | 7a7ef69c-8103-43ae-a688-3c7c1ccdbec7 | single |
Branch of facial nerve in facial canal | A. i.e. Greater petrosal nerve; C. i.e. Chorda tympani; B . i.e. N. to stapedius | 4 | Greater petrosal nerve | Nerve to Stapedius | Chordatympani | All | Anatomy | null | 896ee284-f6c0-41a6-ade7-05928f20cc8a | multi |
Ca Vulvaof the anterior pa will spread primarily to which of the following lymph nodes? | Vulval Lymphatics: Superficial component - drains the anterior two-thirdvulva, to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes Deep drainage system - draining the posterior one-third vulva is to deep inguinal nodes, external iliac, and femoral nodes In Ca Vulva the lymphatic spread is usually to the inguinal lymph nodes, which... | 2 | Para-aoic | Inguinal | Obturator | Femoral | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Vulvar cancer | 91d81f2b-fc53-4505-86ac-71ea64cb45f5 | single |
Protein di sulphide isomerase is involved in | Disulfide bonds between and within polypeptides stabilize teiary and quaternary structures. However, disulfide bond formation is nonspecific. Under oxidizing conditions, a given cysteine can form a disulfide bond with the --SH of any accessible cysteinyl residue. By catalyzing disulfide exchange, the rupture of an S--S... | 3 | Protein synthesis | Protein degradation | Protein folding | Protein quaernary structure formation | Biochemistry | All India exam | 04794897-0e4a-4a72-948a-7952ff0f530b | single |
Most common precipitating factor for COPD is | null | 2 | Environment | Smoking | Allergen | All of the above | Medicine | null | 16ba4f3b-af21-49a9-b30c-b2aacd7908b7 | multi |
The differential diagnosis for pancytopenia with cellular bone marrow include the following except - | null | 4 | Megaloblastic anemia | Myelodysplasia | Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria | Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia | Pathology | null | c4763d38-5b86-4e73-b9e3-5e5f5d6dca15 | multi |
Facial nerve palsy can be caused by - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ail of the above Causes of facial paralysis1. Central :-Brain abscess, pontine glioma, Polio, multiple sclerosis2. Intracranial part (cerebellopontine angle) :- Acoustic neuroma, meningioma, congenital cholesteatoma, metastatic carcinoma, meningitis3. Intratemporal part:-Idiopathic :- Bell's palsy, Me... | 4 | Cholesteatoma | Multiple sclerosis | Mastoidectomy | All of the above | ENT | Facial Nerve And Its Disorders | 0ac4ba5d-a465-474d-9390-f737a6985e03 | multi |
Which is the thinnest pa of the lens of eye? | The lens is thinnest at the posterior pole. The crystalline lens is surrounded by a lens capsule. Lens capsule is a thin transparent elastic membrane secreted by the lens epithelial cells largely composed of type IV collagen. The capsule is 11- 15microm thick at the anterior pole. The posterior capsule thickness decrea... | 2 | Anterior pole | Posterior pole | Posterior capsule | Apex | Ophthalmology | null | 38331f46-3c4f-4774-babc-326b0f94e5f6 | single |
A 60 year old man presented with watering from his left eye since 1 year. Syringing revealed a patent drainage system. Rest of the ocular examination was normal. A provisional diagnosis of lacrimal pump failure was made. Confirmations of the diagnosis would be by: | Ans. Dacryoscintigraphy | 1 | Dacryoscintigraphy | Dacryocystography | Pressure syringing | Canaliculus irrigation test | Ophthalmology | null | 731db598-d6ee-4bbb-96aa-3612303eba60 | single |
The type of mammary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) most likely to result in a palpable abnormality in the breast is - | Carcinoma of the breast is divided into :
Carcinoma in situ → neoplastic cells is limited to ducts and lobules by the basement membrane.
Invasive carcinoma (infiltrating carcinoma) → cells invade beyond the basement membrane.
Caricnoma in situ :
It is of two types
A. Ductal carcinoma insitu (DCIS, intraductal carin... | 4 | Apocrine DCIS | Neuroendocrine DCIS | Well differentiated DCIS | Comedo DCIS | Pathology | null | 2536caec-babe-4897-96bf-0053ab46a3dd | single |
Not a complication of gallstone | Effects and complications of Gallstones In gallbladder In Bile duct In Intestine Silent stones Acute cholecystitis Chronic cholecystitis Mucocele Empyema Perforation Gangrene Carcinoma Obstructive jaundice Cholangitis Acute pancreatitis Gallstone ileus Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno : 1492-1493 | 2 | Mucocele | Diveiculosis | Acute cholangitis | Empyema of the gallbladder | Surgery | G.I.T | ef0a1fa5-9ee8-4cec-9812-f9418d614c4a | multi |
Ujjwala is for - | Ujjawala ,a comprehensive scheme to combact trafficking was launched in infia by the Ministry of Women and Child Development.REF.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE.Editon-21.Page no.-542 | 2 | Child abuse | Child trafficking | Child labour | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics | bff7f88b-36a1-456b-ac3b-8ade6ff2ff2b | multi |
Which of the following drug is useful in the prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis? | Minocycline is used in acne and for prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis.Ref: HL Sharma 3rd ed Pg: | 1 | Minocycline | Doxycycline | Cephalexin | Rifabutin | Pharmacology | Antibiotics | ed9bae02-c6f4-4303-8d21-856c8d03ef6d | single |
A 40 year old female patient presents with excessive bleeding. Patient gives a history of road traffic accident 5 hours ago and had a lacerated wound on lower back region. Blood grouping test reveals presence of Anti A antibody, Anti B antibody, Anti H antibody and Anti Rh D antibody in the serum. The blood group of th... | → Apart from A< B and O RBC of type O contains large amount of another antigen called H substance.
→ H substance is genetically different from ABO but is a precursor of A and B antigens.
→ An O group individual who inherits A or B genes but fails to inherit H gene from either parent is called Oh phenotype or Bombay blo... | 4 | O positive | O negative | AB positive | Bombay blood group | Pathology | null | cb0f755c-b8a8-4d9e-8622-6e902e36580b | single |
IOC for Bronchiectasis - | The best test to evaluate the destruction and dilatation of large airways which are filled with pus in Bronchiectasis is HRCT.
Spiral CT is preferred for pulmonary embolism.
Pulmonary angiography is done for lung sequestration and is gold standard for pulmonary embolism. | 1 | HRCT scan | Spiral CT | Bronchoscopy | Pulmonary angiography | Medicine | null | 32f4e671-7e97-4184-8eb5-e1c3e961e5ab | single |
All of the following are neurologic channelopathies except - | null | 4 | Hypokalemic periodic paralysis | Episodic ataxias | Familial hemiplegic migraine | Huntington's disease | Medicine | null | 08d59913-c169-4e0c-9345-6a29cd31ed5b | multi |
M/C ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis: | Ans. is b, i.e. Clear cell tumorM/C ovarian cancer associated with endometrial cancer: Endometrioid tumorM/C ovarian cancer associated with endometriosis: Clear cell carcinoma | 2 | Endometroid tumor | Clear cell tumor | Germ cell tumor | Brenner tumor | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Carcinoma Ovary | 4c875ee2-97cf-493e-9383-6258d5d1289a | single |
The only Sugar normaly absorbed in the intestine against a concentration gradient is : | C i.e. GlucoseFinal products of carbohydrate digestion in intestinal chyme are glucose & fructoseQ.The glucose transpo in intestine is an example of secondary active transpo i.e., the energy of glucose transpo is provided indirectly by active transpo of Na+ out of cell. Because glucose & Na+ share the same cotranspoer ... | 3 | Xylose | Mannose | Glucose | Ribose | Physiology | null | 9aa4c73a-b90c-417f-a526-2bf5c83eae9a | single |
A young patient with a headache, epiphora, bilateral nasal obstruction but no fever. Diagnosis is | CLINICAL FEATURES 1. Age and sex. Tumour is seen almost exclusively in males in the age group of 10-20 years. Rarely, it may be seen in older people and females. 2. Profuse, recurrent and spontaneous epistaxis. This is the most common presentation. The patient may be markedly anaemic due to repeated blood loss. 3. Prog... | 2 | Nasal polyp | Juvenile angiofibroma | Nasal carcinoma | Rhinoscleroma | ENT | Pharynx | 0301e367-c3b0-450c-b514-24f163f4b979 | single |
What is the recommended illumination for general office work? | The recommended illumination for casual reading is 100 lux, 400 lux for office work, 900 lux for fine assembly and for watch making 2000 - 3000 lux is recommended. Ref: Park's Textbook of Preventive Medicine, 17th Edition, Page 519. | 2 | 100 lux | 400 lux | 900 lux | 1000 lux | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | d74815e4-8d9a-49b0-8ac2-28e10234a3fc | single |
All reduce lactation except - a) Maternal anxiety b) Retracted nipple c) Dehydration d) Diabetes e) Antibiotics | null | 3 | abc | abd | cde | ace | Medicine | null | 1c3ab0ae-6ef9-4dad-b40f-25ff49e4e1c3 | multi |
Lucio phenomenon is treated with: | Lucio phenomenon seen in leprosy- recurrent crops of large, sharply marginated, ulcerative lesions paicularly on the lower extremities. These are frequently fatal as a result of secondary infection and consequent septic bacteremia. Neither glucocoicoids nor thalidomide is effective against this syndrome. Optimal wound ... | 4 | Steroids | Lenalidomide | Clofazimine | Exchange transfusion | Medicine | Bacterial infection | 63bdea0f-f89c-457f-a161-f7b799b7ff27 | single |
Complications of prematurity are all except | Retinopathy of prematurity is complication of prematurity. | 3 | Intra - ventricular hemorrhage | Necrotising enterocolitis | Retinitis Pigmentosa | Periventricular leukomalacia | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | e565c892-f20a-40bc-b108-6b6036a918bf | multi |
WHO definition of normal sperm count: | Normal sperm count/ml i.e. sperm concentration is 20 million/ml. | 2 | 10 million/ml | 20 million/ml | 40 million/ml | 50 million/ml | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | f3d17073-af2e-4f37-87a4-430946237c93 | single |
Center of rotation for tipping is present at: | Uncontrolled tipping:
A single force is applied at the crown, whereby the tooth rotates around a point just apical to the CRes. The crown moves in the direction of the force and the apex of the root moves in the opposite direction. The CRes of the tooth also moves in the direction of the force.
Controlled tipping:
Exam... | 1 | Long axis of tooth | Between B-L axis of tooth | Between M-D axis of tooth | Infinity | Dental | null | 314d5db0-1f09-4876-961e-e33886281986 | single |
Relative polycythemia are caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: | High altitude is associated with physiological increase in erythropoietin levels resulting in secondary polycythemia and not relative polycythemia. Polycythemia refers to increase in RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, but in common practice is used to describe increased red cells or erythrocytosis. It can be primary, secondary... | 2 | Dehydration | High altitude | Gaisbock syndrome | Dengue haemorrhagic fever | Medicine | null | acd83d6a-dd8a-4b4c-a1bb-61a0b328ce51 | multi |
Body fluids are classified under which catogory of waste | null | 3 | Humanized waste | Infectious waste | Pathological waste | Anatomical waste | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | d107e6c0-0169-44c8-9ce5-371bfd6eff9e | single |
Physical quality of life index is measured by all, Except | (Refer: K. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24th edition, pg no: no: 17, 18)Human Development Index (HDI) Vs Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)HDIPQLIComponentsLongevity - Life expectancy at bih (LEdeg/LEdeg)Income (Real GDP per capita in PPP US$)Knowledge (Mean years of schooling - Gross enrolment... | 4 | Infant moality | Life expectancy at age one | Literacy | Per capita income | Pathology | All India exam | fd33410b-c36a-4d9b-93e1-cc03ac0f5e9f | multi |
All are synonymous to radial styloid fracture except | null | 4 | Chauffer's fracture | Hutchinson fracture | Backfire fracture | March fracture | Orthopaedics | null | f4bddd19-d69b-4a97-aad6-f3488e8a0863 | multi |
Which of the following doesn't occur during the processing of RNA? | Precursor tRNA is processed to form mature tRNA. Alterations during processing are of three types: nucloelytic reactions, nucleoside modifications, terminal additions of nucleotides. Chemical hydrolysis is not a pa of RNA processing. Poly A tailing and 5'capping occurs in the processing of RNA. Methylation and deaminat... | 4 | Terminal addition | Nucleoside modification | Nucleoside cleavage | Chemical hydrolysis | Biochemistry | null | e4f8c2d8-44f1-41c7-8728-e23673e67a80 | single |
Which cranial nerve supplies lateral rectus muscle? | Ans. C Abducens* All the extraocular muscles are supplied by CN III except lateral rectus and superior oblique.* Lateral rectus supplied by--CN VI* Superior oblique supplied by--CN IVRemember- LR6;SO4 | 3 | Trochlear | Trigeminal | Abducens | Glossopharyngeal | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy | 27e1bf61-14b8-427b-be90-14b1c9ff3a0f | single |
Treatment of recently sputum positive case of pulmonary TB is | Ans. c (RMP + INH + PZM + ETM); (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/pg. 175)Treatment categories and sputum examination schedule in DOTS chemotherapy in IndiaTREATMENT REGIMENSPUTUM EXAMINATIONS FOR PULMONARY TBCategory of treatmentType of patientRegimenPret- reat- ment sputumTest at monthIF: result is-----THEN:New cases Category I Re... | 3 | RMP + INH + PZM | RMP + INH + PZM + SMC | RMP + INH + PZM + ETM | RMP + INH + ETM | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases | aeb834d8-c8b4-47bc-944c-17281e690401 | single |
RBC cast in the microscopic examination of the urine is an indicator of - | null | 1 | Acute glomerulonephritis | Acute Pyelonephritis | Chronic glomerulonephritis | Nephrotic syndrome | Medicine | null | 3f1ff750-0365-41e7-98b7-a4c67fecc49e | single |
In a 27 yr old male most common cause of a colo-vesical fistula would be: | Diveicular disease is the most common cause of colovesical fistula, followed by colon cancer and Crohn disease. Diveicular disease and colon cancer are rare in people younger than 40 years. Here this patient is young; hence the most suitable answer is Crohn's disease. Ref: ACP Medicine: Volume 1, 2007, Page 816. | 1 | Crohns disease | Ulcerative colitis | TB | Cancer colon | Surgery | null | 990457bf-05eb-4c82-ba2e-015421f746a9 | single |
Number of structural gene in Lac operon | Lactose operone or Lac operon The lac operon is a region of DNA in the genome of E. coli that contains following genetic elements ? i) Three structural genes :- These code for 3 proteins that are involved in catabolism of lactose. These genes are 'Z' gene (codes for P-galactosidase), 'Y' gene (codes for galactoside per... | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Biochemistry | null | 5676c39c-f60b-4ccd-9509-91428fa7df61 | single |
Chondroblastoma most commonly occurs in : | Ans. is 'c' ie Epiphysis Apley's orthopedics writes - "Chondroblastoma is one of the few lesion to appear primarily in the epiphysis" | 3 | Metaphysis | Diaphysis | Epiphysis | Medullary cavity | Orthopaedics | Bone Tumour | b9e8bc7b-1521-43d6-9890-de7ac80d81c0 | single |
Laudanosine is metabolic end product of | Laudanosine is metabolic end product of atracurium. | 4 | Mivacurium | Doxacurium | Rocuronium | Atracurium | Anaesthesia | null | 5e40f87b-3d60-45ab-b5dd-63e7df7e6b98 | single |
Cephalic index 75- 80 is seen in | Cephalic index 1.Dolicocephalic ( long headed) 70-75 2.Mesaticephalic(medium headed) 75- 80 3. Brachycephalic( sho headed) 80-85 Present study aimed at working outcephalic index in Indian students. 100 students were taken as subjects and head length, head breadth were measured. Indian males had meancephalic index of 77... | 1 | Indians | Europeans | Chinese | Mongolians | Forensic Medicine | Identification | 63ffc17d-d422-4f81-83b1-45171b0b15d5 | single |
Airway noise originating in the nose, nasopharynx and oropharynx is known as: | Stridor is a harsh noise produced by turbulent airflow through a paially obstructed airway. It may be inspiratory, expiratory, or both (biphasic). The term steor is used to describe airway noise originating in the nose, nasopharynx, and oropharynx; therefore, stridor is generally of laryngeal or tracheal origin. | 2 | Stridor | Steor | Both of the above | None of the above | ENT | null | dd0738df-d0e0-4223-ba68-3d8a03ccf6ea | multi |
Hot flushes are experienced as a result of | Hot flushes are caused by noradrenaline, which disturbs the thermoregulatory system. Oestrogen deficiency reduces hypothalamic endorphins, which release more norepinephrine and serotonin. This leads to inappropriate heat loss mechanism. Other causes that can be associated with the symptom of hot flushes include: thyroi... | 3 | Increased noradrenaline | Decreased estrogen | Increased noradrenaline and decreased estrogen | Increased noradrenaline and estrogen | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam | 285006de-c1e2-4c96-82a2-4b18a47099ab | single |
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) which of the following is not seen: | B i.e. Acalculia | 2 | Aphasia | Acalculia | Agnosia | Apraxia | Psychiatry | null | 0e6612f9-8a65-457b-ab0e-9ce5f39ad9fd | single |
Parietal cells in the stomach secrete a protein crucial for the absorp on of vitamin B12 by the ileum. What is this protein? | . | 1 | Intrinsic factor | Gastrin | Somatostatin | Cholecystokinin (CCK) | Pathology | All India exam | 42810ff2-829a-48ad-9b3d-934c658b0fbb | single |
How many parathyroid glands do humans have? | Parathyroid glands: The parathyroid glands are small, yellowish-brown, ovoid or lentiform structures, usually lies between the posterior lobar borders of the thyroid gland and its capsule.
They are commonly 6 mm long, 3-4 mm across, and 1-2 mm from back to front, each weighing about 50 mg.
Usually, there are two on eac... | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | Anatomy | null | 1ece3df0-5b5c-4487-8bb2-a23c02bff7c4 | single |
A 45-year-old man is worried about a dark pigmented skin lesion on his arm. The "mole" is 3 mm wide, symmetric with a regular border and even pigmentation. He reports no change in size or other symptoms. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? | (a) Source: (Kasper, pp. 500-502) Observation alone is adequate for this lesion. The "ABCD" rules are helpful in distinguishing benign skin lesions from malignant melanoma. (A) asymmetry, benign lesions are symmetric; (B) border irregular, most nevi have clear-cut borders; (C) color variation, benign lesions have unifo... | 1 | observation only | excisional biopsy | punch biopsy | chemotherapy, then surgical excision | Medicine | Oncology | 9252bbd0-9b65-49d6-958f-9e2f9d50573b | multi |
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia- | Normal adults contain less than 1mg/dL of total bilirubin out of which less than 0.25 mg/dL is conjugated bilirubin. Unconjugated bilirubin is estimated by substracting direct bilirubin value (Harsh mohan page 593) | 1 | 85% of the total should be indirect | Hemolytic anemia | Haemoglobin destruction ( bilirubin production) | 50% of the total should be indirect | Medicine | G.I.T | 7817419f-7c0e-46a7-8fbe-1e89b3a0715f | single |
An epidemiological investigation undertaken to test the hypothesis regarding the causation of a disease is called | null | 1 | Case control study | Cohort study | Prospective study | Descriptive study | Dental | null | f2700e1f-7df6-4e1d-8686-cb5682f200eb | multi |
Diagnostic procedure for basal cell Ca - | null | 1 | Wedge biopsy | Shave | Incisional biopsy | Punch biopsy | Surgery | null | c3dd9e0b-0333-4c4a-b8af-b9b462ad44ca | single |
All are first generation cephalosporins except : | null | 4 | Cefadroxil | Cefazolin | Cephalexin | Cefaclor | Pharmacology | null | 86e44022-63ad-4250-9143-0c6e86294712 | multi |
Uveoparotitis is seen in - | null | 4 | SLE | Sjogren's syndrome | Rheumatoid arthritis | Sarcoidosis | Medicine | null | dd2268c4-5974-4a4c-8b2f-3869edc505e8 | single |
25 years old gentleman has repeated thoughts that he has not locked his car door properly and frequently checks it while driving. He also repeatedly checks locks in his house. Diagnosis is | Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive compulsive personality disorders a(OCPD)two different types of disorders OCD is classified under anxiety disorders whereas OCPD is classified under personality disorder Patients with OCD have recurrent, irresistible, irrelevant and intrusive thoughts that are EGO DYSTON... | 1 | OCD | OPCD | Phobia | Somatoform disorder | Psychiatry | Personality disorders | 958cd7de-be16-4c0f-ade7-5c86c6ba1dba | single |
Most common false neurological sign is: | Diplopia REF: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry 2003; 74:415-418 Doi:10.1136/ jnnp.74.4.415, Neurological signs have been described as "false localizing" if they reflect dysfunction distant or remote from the expected anatomical locus of pathology. False localizing signs occur in two major contexts: as a co... | 3 | Wasting of hands | Abnormal unilateral pupil | Diplopia | Unilateral papilledema | Surgery | null | 724fd086-7e4a-42d6-b1ae-1817185e9183 | multi |
Umami taste is evoked by | Glutamic acid is responsible for umami taste Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number: 713,714,715 | 2 | Glucose | Glutamic acid | Quinine | Sodium chloride | Physiology | Nervous system | c0a70046-2318-497a-911c-c4a76b0ea390 | single |
The following anti T.B. drug should not be given to AIDS patient- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rifampicin | 1 | The following anti T.B. drug should not be given to AIDS patient- | Ethambutol | Streptomycin | Pyrazinamide | Pharmacology | null | 9fa903e6-ea89-4f2c-8c69-a718eff2ae49 | single |
Banding technique most commonly employed for cytogenetic analysis | G-banding (most common) R-banding Q-banding C-banding T-banding G stands for Giemsa R stands for "reverse" Q stands for Quinacrine Fluoroescent dye C stands for Constitutive heterochromatin or Centromere T stands for telomeres to produce a visible karyotype Dark regions are heterochromatin (AT) Light regions are Euchro... | 1 | G banding | C banding | R banding | Q banding | Biochemistry | Techniques in molecular biology | c86b146c-2c6e-496b-8184-8cf8947cfffa | single |
In a CA lung patient is suffering from dyspnoea, the palliation of dyspnoea is achieved by | Morphine is used for dyspnea in terminally ill cancer patients by : Both endogenous (b-endorphin) and exogenous (morphine) opioids modulate the perception of dyspnea by binding to opioid receptors. Proposed mechanisms whereby opioids relieve refractory dyspnea include decreasing respiratory drive with an associated dec... | 1 | Morphine patch | Diazepam | Clobazam | Haloperidol | Pharmacology | Respiratory system | d9cb3fd8-834c-43b2-b467-f2408ec00646 | multi |
True about Moorens ulcer: March 2007, March 2013 | Ans. B: Affects cornea Mooren's ulcer is a rare, painful, inflammatory condition affecting one or both eyes that results in the destruction of corneal tissue. The cause of Mooren's ulcer is unknown. It is generally agreed that it is an autoimmune condition. Pain is almost always associated with the onset of Mooren's ul... | 2 | Painless condition | Affects cornea | Sudden loss of vision | Bilateral in majority of cases | Ophthalmology | null | 8b654d0e-f4ff-40af-8e1d-eeea9c891834 | multi |
Thanatology deals with | Ans) a (Death in all aspects) Ref.KNS Reddy 20th ed p 122Thanatology deals with death in all aspects.There is a progression from clinical death to brain death, biological death, biological death and then cellular death. Brain death follows immediately clinical death due to lack of oxygen. First the cerebral cortex, the... | 1 | Death in all aspects | Postmortum findings | Exhumation | Body of offence | Forensic Medicine | Death and Medicolegal Aspects | c6299767-f0cf-46c7-bec3-30d5958c2067 | multi |
Spontaneous CSF leak associated with all except | spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak (SCSFL) is a medical condition in which the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the human brain and spinal cord leaks out of the surrounding protective dural sac for no apparent reason. A spontaneous CSF leak, as opposed to traumatically caused CSF leaks, arises idiopathically Con... | 1 | Increased intracranial tension | Paial or complete empty sella syndrome | Pseudotumour cerebri | Low risk encephalocoele | Medicine | C.N.S | a48a1276-5de9-4402-9927-45621949cdcc | multi |
Which of the following substances play a major role in regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction in cementum? | null | 3 | Sharpey's fibers | Intrinsic fibers | Proteoglycans | Phosphoproteins | Dental | null | f0250749-db8a-408a-bea7-db22d951e0af | single |
The enzyme which transcripts a double stranded DNA copy from a single stranded RNA template molecule is: | Reverse transcriptase transcripts a double stranded DNA copy from a single stranded RNA template. This enzyme is programmed to use a single-stranded RNA template, and to synthesize a complementary DNA (cDNA) strand. Ref: Measuring Gene Expression, Matthew B. Avison, 2007, Page 135 | 3 | DNA polymerase | RNA polymerase | Reverse transcriptase | Phosphokinase | Biochemistry | null | 07ae069c-2a0c-4e59-96f5-3f68b68a9cb4 | single |
Most important element in treatment of diphtheria - | null | 1 | Antitoxin | Tetracycline | Erythromycin | Penicillin | Microbiology | null | cde539f9-8721-4835-8f38-65dbf77d1387 | single |
What is the rationale behind xenobiotic metabolism by CYP enzymes? | the aim of xenobiotics metabolism is to increase water solubility so that these compounds can be exceed through urine. (Ref-Goodman Gillman 12th/e p124/125) | 1 | increases water solubility | increases lipid solubility | conversion to an active metabolite | makes it suitable to evaporate through skin surface | Anatomy | General anatomy | 815bd485-1d12-495d-af56-ea0a26d2ead0 | single |
Treatment of C. difficile infection | Ans. d (All of the above) (Ref H-17th/820; KDT 6th!731; Table 123-2)Pseudomembranous enetrocolitis is associated with use of:Rx of Pseudomemb colitis:# Clindamycin# Metronidazole and vancomycin-drug of choice.# Aminoglycosides# Oral Rx for Cl. difficile-Asso Disease include:# Tetracyclines- Placebo or discontine offend... | 4 | Metronidazole | Bacitracin | Nitazoxanilide | All of the above | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial | 6fa5894d-c18c-44bf-950b-58759c7b2e82 | multi |
All are true about SALK vaccine except - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., It is contraindicated in immunocompromised patients Advantages of IPV 1) Being an inactivated vaccine, it is safe to administer in - i) Persons with immunodeficiency ii) Persons undergoing coicosteroid or radiotherapy iii) During pregnancy 2) One or two doses of live vaccine (OPV) can be given safely ... | 3 | It prevents paralysis | Oral polio can be given as booster | It is contraindicated in immunocompromised patients | Easily transpoed | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 0b712d2d-b074-4292-b2ed-695dab0178b5 | multi |
All are associated with chronic osteomyelitis except- | Complications of chronic osteomyelitis
Following complications can occur : -
Acute exacerbation Growth abnormalities due to damage to adjacent growth plate: - Shortening, Deformities.
Pathological fracture
Joint stiffness
Sinus tract malignancy (very rare): - Squamous cell carcinoma
Amyloidosis | 4 | Amyloidosis | Sequestrum | Metastatic abnormality | Myositis ossificans | Orthopaedics | null | fdae3556-d54e-4003-a755-745b409bd608 | multi |
Relationship between the disease and social conditions | null | 3 | Political science | Social Psychalogy | Social Pathology | Social Sciences | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | b0a2ee6f-a113-4c92-a771-c4b7a347c477 | single |
Barbed broach is used for: | null | 1 | Extirpation of pulp | Enlargement of canal | Obturation of canals | All of the above | Dental | null | f010cfa1-2d79-4d77-829f-1068cba240d4 | multi |
Stapedius nerve is a branch of ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Facial nerve Branches of facial nerve In fallopian (facial canal) :- Greater petrosal (greater superficial petrosal) nerve, nerve to stapedius, chorda tympani.At its exit from stylomastoid foramen :- Posterior auricular, digastric nerve, stylohyoid nerve.Terminal branches :- Temporal, zygomatic, bucca... | 2 | Trigeminal nerve | Facial nerve | Vagus nerve | null | Anatomy | null | a9fb3bf9-0e70-4c40-b9a3-5712134443ad | multi |
'Intermediate form' of Non Hodgkin's lymphoma is - | Working formulation of NHL for clinical use is as follows:
Low grade :
small lymphocytic
Follicular, predominantly small cleaved cell
Follicular mixed
Intermediate Grade :
1. Follicular predominantly large cell
2. Diffuse small, mixed, as well as large cell.
High grade :
L... | 2 | Small noncleaved cell | Diffuse, small cleaved cell | Lymphoblastic | Large cell immunoblastic | Pathology | null | 846ab131-5aee-4f5d-8e6c-4aa454f08ed6 | multi |
When a person stands suddenly from lying down posture, there is | (A) Increased tone of capacitance vessels. > It occurs due to noradrenergic impulses causing venoconstriction via their action on a1 and a2 - adrenergic receptors on systo veins. | 1 | Increased tone of capacitance vessels. | Increase efferent discharge from IX cranial nerve | Decreased heart rate | All of the above | Physiology | Nervous System | 36eea033-e836-4d5d-8880-f9f6c9a89945 | multi |
True about Trendelenburg operation is | Tredelenburg Operation Consists of saphenofemoral junction flush ligation & Greater saphenous vein (GSV) stripping All four tributaries (superficial Inferior epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac, deep & superficial external pudendal veins) is divided Ligate the GSV deep to all tributaries flush with the common femo... | 3 | Stripping of superficial varicose vein | Ligation of perforators | Flush ligation of superficial varicose veins | Ligation of sho saphenous vein | Surgery | Vascular surgery | 5951c8e6-c7e7-4104-b20d-66732a26532a | multi |
Sub-valvular Aoic Stenosis is known to be associated with all of the following, except: | Answer is C (Tricuspid valve atresia) Tricuspid Valve Atresia is not associated with Subvalvular Aoic Stenosis. Subvalvular Aoic Stenosis (Subaoic Stenosis) Subaoic stenosis is defined as obstruction to left ventricular outflow below the aoic valve. It is the second most common form of fixed aoic stenosis. The most com... | 3 | Aoic Regurgitation | Coarctation of Aoa | Tricuspid Valve Atresia | Ventricular Septal Defect | Medicine | null | 10da9861-e17b-4783-a744-5cef4dcad3aa | multi |
Incubation period of Nipah virus | Ref:Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th Ed Pg.310 | 1 | 4 -14 days | 2 - 6 days | 3 -8 days | 5 - 10 days | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases | 84a464ad-bbed-481f-8357-657edfb655ef | single |
Drug indicated in case of subarachnoid hemorrhage: | Ans. A. NimodipineNimodipine is cerebro selective calcium channel blocker. Given in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Nicardipine also have similar effects. This drugs reverse the cerebral vasospasm. | 1 | Nimodipine | Amlodipine | Diltiazem | Verapamil | Pharmacology | C.V.S | 7eaa9d3d-72e1-4211-b783-64d0d0fd214b | single |
Ayushman Bharat is | Ayushman Bharat is National Health Protection Scheme, which will cover over 10 crore poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries) providing coverage up to 5 lakh rupees per family per year for secondary and teiary care hospitalization. Ayushman Bharat - National Health Protection Mission will sub... | 2 | Health education program | Health protection scheme | Health personnel training | Health practicing guidelines | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases | ae8e864d-3b33-4585-9b33-c315fc9aa66b | single |
Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia is seen in: | About 15% of patients develop autoantibodies ( IgG )against their own red cells or platelets which leads to autoimmune hemolytic anemia. | 4 | All | AML | CML | CLL | Pathology | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia | cdc933fb-e826-4cc0-9c46-019a4ef5deae | multi |
A 56-year old man presented with bony pain. X-ray skull lateral view shows: | Ref. Grainger and Allison's Diagnostic Radiology. Page. 483
Pagets disease of bone affects each person differently . It includes :
1 Bones : Pain in the affected bones is the most common symptom of pagets disease of bone.
Skull in Pagets disease
osteoporosis circumscripta: large, well-defined lytic lesion
cotton ... | 2 | Pagets disease | Hyper osteosis frontalis | Fibrous dysplasia | Osteopetrosis | Unknown | null | 14288a14-ade9-478c-bd38-deb7f28ae565 | single |
Agoraphobia is -a) Fear of open spacesb) Fear of closed specesc) Fear of heightsd) Fear of crowded places | Formerly the term agoraphobia was used to denote phobias of open spaces alone but it is now used in a wider sence, i.e. irrational fear of places and situations from where escape might be difficult. Such places are public places, stores, crowd, travelling alone in bus, train or plane or in lift. | 3 | b | c | ad | ab | Psychiatry | null | fd1ce6b8-68c7-4bc7-b837-3acecd8fbfa3 | single |
Trapping parasites using NETs is assisted by | NEUTROPHILS AND EOSINOPHILS EMPLOY NETS TO ENTRAP PARASITESIn addition to ingesting small microorganisms such as bacteria by phagocytosis, neutrophils and eosinophils can assist in the elimination of larger invaders by trapping them within webs called neutrophil extracellular traps or NETsRef: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 3... | 1 | Neutrophils and Eosinophils | Neutrophils and Monocytes | Eosinophils and Monocytes | Nk cells | Biochemistry | miscellaneous | 86cfff54-25f9-4a56-ae49-6eff0164bd54 | single |
a-helix of protein is | a-Helix: A peptide chain forms regular helical coils called a-helix. Type of secondary protein structure. These coils are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between carbonyl O of 1st amino and amide N of 4th amino acid residues. Thus in a aa aa-helix intrachain hydrogen bonding is present. The a aa aa-helices can be either r... | 2 | Primary structure | Secondary structure | Teiary structure | Quaery structure | Biochemistry | Structure and function of protein | c29b9c31-c62f-4cde-958c-9c67e1e3ab17 | single |
Common sites for mongolian spot are - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lumbosacral area Mongolian spots are blue or slate - gray macular lesions which occur most commonly in pre-sacral area (mainly in lower back & buttocks) but may be found over the posterior thighs, legs, and shoulders. | 3 | Face | Neck | Lumbosacral area | All | Pediatrics | null | 15fb4cca-db5c-4964-bb11-99dab4915371 | multi |
Threshold level for neuronal action potential- | Ans. is 'c' i.e., -55 mv * The action potential, which is recorded using an intracellular electrode, has following phases : -1) Resting stage:# This is the resting membrane potential before the action potential. At rest, membrane is said to be "polarized" because - 70 mV negative membrane potential (RMP) that is presen... | 3 | -70 mv | +70 mv | -55 mv | +55 mv | Physiology | General | 37b0c653-34a8-45ff-94db-b306b8deb50d | single |
Which of the following includes the classical triad of ' enlarged upper part of uterus, soft lower part of body and firm cervix 'during early pregnancy? | Ans. a (Hegar's sign). (Ref Dutta, Obstetrics, 6th ed., p 65)SIGNS OF EARLY PREGNANCY1Jacquemier's or Chadwick's sign (eighth week)Dusky hue of vestibule and anterior vaginal wall.2Osiander's sign (eighth week)Increased pulsations felt through lateral fornices.3Goodell's sign (sixth week)Softening of cervix.4Piskacek's... | 1 | Hegar's sign | Jacquemier's sign | Osiander's sign | Goodell's sign | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) | 24f934e7-8666-4ab6-ac41-af5b4c40ff07 | single |
All are true about Experimental trials except: | null | 1 | Can’t double blind in animal trials | All animal trials are unethical | Can’t do interim analysis | Are always prospective | Dental | null | b9a29ef8-a3a6-4b9c-b484-aecc49535526 | multi |
Acute Hepatitis B can be earliest diagnosed by ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., IgM anti HBc Ab . This is controversial question. . Some people (including me) are in our of IgM anti HBc abs, while other think HBs Ag is the correct answer. . With HBs Ag one can make the diagnosis of HBV infection, but to confirm acute infection, IgM anti HBc is required. See following question of ... | 1 | IgM anti HBc ab | Hbs Ag | IgC anti HBc abs | Anti HBs Ag ab | Microbiology | null | 2a640a66-0b7d-4b21-a3c8-a42a480d005f | single |
Recommended reflection factors include each of the following, except – | null | 2 | Ceilings 80% | Roofs 40% | Walls 50 to 60% | Furnitures 30 to 40% | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 814a98db-1062-4cb6-8106-14c1215e6c9a | multi |
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