question
stringlengths 1
1.57k
| exp
stringlengths 1
22.5k
⌀ | cop
int64 1
4
| opa
stringlengths 1
287
⌀ | opb
stringlengths 1
287
⌀ | opc
stringlengths 1
286
⌀ | opd
stringlengths 1
301
⌀ | subject_name
stringclasses 21
values | topic_name
stringlengths 3
135
⌀ | id
stringlengths 36
36
| choice_type
stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virulence factor of group A beta hemolytic streptococci:-
|
Option 1 2 3 Cell wall antigens: Inner thick peptidoglycan layer (confers cell wall rigidity, induces inflammatory response and has thrombolytic activity) C-carbohydrate antigen: Present as middle layer and is group specific Outer layer of protein (M, T, R) and lipoteichoic acid (helps in adhesion) M protein - Major virulence factor of S pyogenes Option 4 Outer layer of lipoteichoic acid (helps in adhesion)
| 1
|
Protein M
|
Protein T
|
Protein R
|
Lipotechoic acid
|
Microbiology
|
Systemic Bacteriology Pa 1 (Gram Positive Cocci, Gram Negative Cocci)
|
eaee85a6-e45f-4481-b950-316d0ab248ce
|
single
|
The earliest symptom to occur in corneal ulcer is
|
Ans. Pain
| 1
|
Pain
|
Photophobia
|
Loss of sensation
|
Diminished vision
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
b8cf1676-bef8-4870-8846-21e74333c304
|
single
|
Hernias at lateral border of rectus abdominis is:
|
Spigelian hernias can occur anywhere along the length of the Spigelian line or zone -- an aponeurotic band of variable width at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis. Ref: Schwaz's principle of surgery 9th edition, chapter 35.
| 1
|
Spigelian hernia
|
Ventral hernia
|
Epigastric
|
None of the above
|
Surgery
| null |
57c0af08-a937-4e80-9b67-3541f0a3fe87
|
multi
|
When stem cells transforms to form cells characteristic of other tissues, the process is called as
|
Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, is a process in which one mature somatic cell transforms into another mature somatic cell without undergoing an intermediate pluripotent state or progenitor cell type. It is a type of metaplasia, which includes all cell fate switches, including the interconversion of stem cells. Current uses of transdifferentiation include disease modeling and drug discovery and in the future may include gene therapy and regenerative medicine The term 'transdifferentiation' was originally coined by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 to describe a change in cell propeies as cuticle producing cells became salt-secreting cells in silk moths undergoing metamorphosis.
| 3
|
De-differentiation
|
Re-differentiation
|
Trans-differentiation
|
Sub-differentiation
|
Pathology
|
General pathology
|
94c86da8-22f8-4490-aea4-dd7327af6da6
|
multi
|
Commonest tumor of ovary occurring in a young woman is :
|
Dysgerminoma
| 4
|
Immature teratoma
|
Yolk sac tumor
|
Endometroid tumor
|
Dysgerminoma
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
2b9fb40c-d8bf-4300-80bf-c78927814a37
|
single
|
The nerve that supplies skin over the angle of mandible, if involved in parotid injuries forms a part of anatomical basis for gustatory sweating:
|
(b) Greater auricular nerve(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 1254)The nerve that supplies skin over the angle of mandible is Greater auricular Nerve. Sometimes during parotid surgeries, Greater auricular Nerve also gets injured along with the Auriculotemporal Nerve. In this situation with the aberrant regeneration of the Auriculotemporal Nerve, the parasympathetic fibres (of the auriculotemporal nerve) to salivary glands become aberrantly connected with the sympathetic cholinergic fibres to sweat glands of the skin overlying the parotid as well as overlying the angle of mandible (the territory of Greater auricular nerve).
| 2
|
Auriculotemporal nerve
|
Greater auricular nerve
|
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
|
Buccal nerve
|
ENT
|
Facial Nerve And Its Disorders
|
5b97cefb-fe59-41ef-80ee-e06a263c451e
|
single
|
True regarding the following is
|
The picture shows dose response curves of various drugs in which right sided is most potent (least dose is required to produce effect), left is least potent(high dose required to produce the effect). So drug C is least potent. Efficacy is estimated by height -Drug D is most efficaciousRef: Katzung 11th ed pg 31
| 4
|
A is having highest efficacy
|
A is having least potency
|
D is having highest potency
|
C is least potent
|
Pharmacology
|
All India exam
|
74d4ed7e-b580-4ddd-8954-bb7a6f036b1b
|
multi
|
The Sequence of development of pubey in girls is :
|
Thelarche, Pubarche, Menarche In girls the sequence of development of pubey is (Mnemonic * BPH in males).deg B - Breast development (Thelarche)deg P - Pubic hair development (Pubarche)deg H - Height increases; peak grown velocitydeg attained - growth spu in males = Menstruation stas (Menarche)deg (Axillary hair develop after menstruation stas)deg Extra Edge : Tanners staging of Breast development - Stage Breast development Stage I Prepubeal state; No palpable breast -tissue with areola < 2 cms in diameter. Stage II Breast budding occurs with a visible and palpable mound of breast tissue. Areola enlarges Nipples begin to develop Stage III Fuher growth & elevation of entire breast Stage IV Projection of areola & papilla above the general breast contour in a secondary mound Stage V Mature breast Nipple pigmented Montgomery's gland visible Recession of areola to contour of breast. Breast size - Is no indication of breast maturity. Tanners staging of Pubic hair Development - Stage Pubic hair development Stage I No sexually stimulated pubic hair present. Some nonsexual hair may be present. Stage II Coarse, long crinky pubic hair along labia majora Stage III Coarse curly pubic hair extending til mons pubis Stage IV Adult pubic hair in thickness and texture but does not extend up to the inner aspect of thighs Stage V Pubic hair extend upto the thighs Also know : Sexual development in adolescent males 1st sign Testicular enlargementdeg Appearance of pubic hair and growth of axillary hairdeg Penile enlargementdeg Growth spudeg
| 1
|
Thelarche, Pubarche, Menarche
|
Pubarche, Thelarche, Menarche
|
Pubarche, Menarche. Thelarche
|
Menarche, Thelarche, Pubarche
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
7f29b59e-f58b-45a8-94aa-0860def10e79
|
single
|
Bronchogenic carcinoma commonly metastasise to which endocrine organ -
| null | 4
|
Ovaries
|
Testes
|
Thyroid
|
Adrenals
|
Pathology
| null |
4169f596-599a-4b4e-8361-ebdfe8da198d
|
single
|
In Snyder's Test, the saliva is said to be highly cariogenic
if colour change is observed at (hrs)
| null | 1
|
24
|
48
|
72
|
96
|
Dental
| null |
48820160-0da2-4e50-b0a1-8f0c9bc04643
|
single
|
Commonest dangerous complication of posterior dislocation of knee is-
|
Dislocation of the knee- *This rare injury results from severe violence to the knee so that all of its suppoing ligaments are torn. *It is a major damage to the joint, and is often associated with injury to the popliteal aery. *Treatment is by reduction followed by immobilization in a cylinder cast. Clinical evaluation : (vascular exam) -Measure Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) if ABI >0.9 >>>> then monitor with serial examination if ABI <0.9 >>>> -If pulses are absent or diminished confirm that the knee joint is reduced or perform immediate reduction and reassessment - Immediate surgical exploration if pulses are still absent following reduction &;schema time >8 hours has amputation rates - If pulses present after reduction then measure ABI then consider observation vs. angiography Clinical evaluation : (vascular exam) -Priority is to rule out vascular injury on exam both before and after reduction serial examinations are mandatory. - Palpate the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses if pulses are present and normal , >> it does not indicate absence of aerial injury. Ref: Maheshwari 9th ed p.142
| 1
|
Popliteal aery injury
|
Sciatic nerve injury
|
Ischaemia of lower leg compament
|
Femoral aery injury
|
Orthopaedics
|
Thigh, Knee,Leg,Foot & Ankle injuries
|
59e2580e-9f09-418f-ba9c-5ed97a61d39a
|
single
|
Which of the following is/are AT1 receptor blocker -
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Losartan
| 2
|
Spironolactone
|
Losartan
|
Captopril
| null |
Unknown
| null |
03255e67-022e-4d40-b65e-6e8c0afb3215
|
multi
|
Most common site of Actinomycosis among the following
|
Mandibular Actinomyces is a uncommon disease caused by Actinomyces israelli CERVICOFACIAL ACTINOMYCOSIS This is the most common and recognized presentation of the disease. Actinomyces species are commonly present in high concentrations in nsillar crypts and gingivodental . Many patients have a history of poor dentition, oral surgery or dental procedures. or trauma to the oral cavity. Chronic tonsillitis. mastoiditis. and otitis are also impoant risk factors for actinomycosis. ref : maheswari 9th ed
| 4
|
Rib
|
Tibia
|
Femur
|
Mandible
|
Orthopaedics
|
Skeletal infections
|
31b90bb4-4b63-4711-8176-47e2aaeb00e2
|
single
|
Unfamiliarity of familiar things is seen in :
|
B i.e. Jamais Vu Deja vu feelings are defined as those in which unfamiliar situations feel 'strangely' familiar Q. It may occur as a normal phenomenon and is also associated with several forms of epilepsy and schizophrenia. Jamais vu are those feelings in which the familiar situations are perceived unfamiliar Q. Apa from schizophrenia it also occurs in epilepsy. Deja entendu is the illusion that what one is hearing was heard previouslyQ and deja pense in which a thought never enteained before is incorrectly regarded as repetition of a previous thought.
| 2
|
Deja vu
|
Jamais vu
|
Deja entendu
|
Deja pence
|
Psychiatry
| null |
f6361722-4032-43e6-80f4-012b03ce9568
|
single
|
District TB Control programme is mainly concerned with – a) Finding out new casesb) Finding out resistant casesc) Detecting cases and treatmentd) All of the above
|
District Tuberculosis Programme (DTP)
NTP operates through the district tuberculosis Programme which is the backbone of NTP.
The activities of DTC include : -
Case finding and treatment
Free treatment on domiciliary basis.
Programme is integrated with PHC system.
It is organized in such a manner that patients are expected to collect drugs once a month on fixed dates from the nearest treatment centre.
| 2
|
a
|
ac
|
ad
|
b
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
d37cb221-4946-4aa7-8abb-7b38d0c1eead
|
multi
|
All are related to criminal responsibility of insame except -
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Resp ispa ioquitar o Criminal responsibility of insane is judged by following rules :1. Mc Naughten rule (legal test or right or wrong test) :It states that an accused person is not legally responsible, if it is clearly proved that at the time of commiting the crime, person was suffering from such a defect of reason from abnormality of mind that he didn't know the nature and quality of act he was doing or that what he was doing was wrong i.e. a person is not responsible if he is not of sound mind.It is accepted in india as law of criminal responsibility and is embodied in section 84 IPC as - "nothing is an offence which is done by a person, who at the time of doing it, by reason of unsoundness of mind is incapable of knowing the nature of act, or that he is doing what is either wrong or contrary to law".2. Doctrine of partial responsibility - if a person is suffering from some weakness or aberration of mind (though not completely insane), he is only partially responsible for his actions, e.g. obsession states or depressions.3. Durban rule- Accused is not responsible for the act, if his act resulted from mental disease or defect.4. Currens rule- A person is not responsible if at the time of committing the crime, he did not have the capacity to regulate his conduct according to the requirements of law, as a result of his mental disease or defect.5. American law institute test-Insane lacks the capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of his conduct or to confirm to the requirements of law, therefore he is not responsible for crimes committed.6. Norwegion system-No defendant considered insane or unconscious at the time of offence, may be punished.
| 4
|
Currens rule
|
Durhan rule
|
MeNaughten rule
|
Resp ispa loquitar
|
Forensic Medicine
|
Misc.
|
8f7e137e-1d5d-49d3-8a3d-e6fbc224728d
|
multi
|
Which one of the common side effects is seen with fentanyl ?
| null | 1
|
Chest wall rigidly
|
Tachycardia
|
Pain in abdomen
|
Hypertension
|
Anaesthesia
| null |
5c764ba5-32ad-43a1-ad84-f14b3497f069
|
multi
|
Most common malignancy after cholecystectomy is of
|
Bile acids can induce hyperproliferation of the intestinal mucosa a number of intracellular mechanisms Cholecystectomy, which alters the enterohepatic cycle of bile acids, has been associated with a moderately increased rise of proximal colon cancers It cannot be ruled out, however, that it is less the effect of the cholecystectomy than the impact of other, not yet identified factors in the lithogenic bile of such patients A number of cofactors have been identified that may enhance or neutralize the carcinogenic effects of bile acids, e.g., the amount of dietary fat, fibre or calcium Calcium, in fact, binds bile acids and this may reduce their negative impact Ref: Maingot 11th edition Pgno : 628
| 1
|
Colon
|
Stomach
|
Pancreas
|
Ileum
|
Anatomy
|
G.I.T
|
1aef9cef-cd72-430a-9646-eecc6aceb797
|
single
|
All are features of Pertussis except –
|
Complications of Pertussis
Respiratory -
Patchy Atelectasis
Subcutaneous emphysema
Pneumonia
Interstitial Pneumonia
Bronchiectasis
Pneumothorax
Otitis media
Neurological
Persistent seizures
Paraplegia
Ataxia
Hemiplegia
Convulsions & Encephalopathy
Gastro-Intestinal manifestation → Hernia & Rectal Prolapse
Hemorrhagic → Subconjunctival haemorrhage, Intracranial haemorrhage
Severe malnutrition
Although ataxia is seen in Pertussis, it is not of cerebellar origin. There is no involvement of the cerebellum in Pertussis (can you find any signs of cerebellar involvement in this pt. ie. Hypotonia, Intentional tremors. Nystagmus, scanning speech)
It is sensory ataxia.
| 2
|
Encephalopathy
|
Cerebellar Ataxia
|
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
|
Bronchiectasis
|
Pediatrics
| null |
7c5b12a9-b4d2-43ce-ae79-0ab8eb83a9c1
|
multi
|
"Doughnut" sign is seen in
|
.CONGENITAL HYPEROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS is hyperophy of musculature of pyloric antrum, especially the circular muscle fibres, causing primary failure of pylorus to relax. Duodenum is normal. Clinical features of congenital pyloric stenosis 1. Vomiting 2. VGP 3. Palpable mass 4. Constipation and dehydration Diagnosis is established by -- Clinical examination. -- U/S abdomen (very useful)--Doughnut sign. * Pyloric muscle 4 mm or more in thickness. * Length of pyloric canal > 1.8 cm. -- Barium meal shows obstruction. ref:SRB&;S manual of surgery,ed 3,pg no 752
| 3
|
Intussusception
|
Carcinoma colon
|
CHPS
|
Volvulus
|
Surgery
|
G.I.T
|
0c5fa0ac-8bd7-43e3-a78c-219dfa4afb39
|
single
|
Sutural separation seen in
|
Diastatic fracture or sutural fracture: Suture separation is called a diastatic fracture. Penetrating and performing fracture: They are fractures produced by penetrating objects like a bullet, pointed sharp weapon, sword or dagger. Fracture which is having an entry and an exit is called a performing fracture. Cut fracture Skull may be subjected to cut injuries when a heavy cutting weapon is used. The cut injury may enter the skull cavity and injure the brain. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 164
| 1
|
Diastatic fracture
|
Penetrating fracture
|
Cut fracture
|
Performing fracture
|
Anatomy
|
Special topics
|
14b164c6-4bb8-486b-985c-3a1779b21da6
|
single
|
A symmetric high-voltage, triphasic slow wave pattern is seen on EEG in the following
|
Answer is A (Hepatic encephalopathy): Symmetric, high voltage, triphasic slow wave (2-5/second) fattern on Electroencephalogram (EEG) is characteristic (hut non specific) of hepatic encephalopathy- Harrison 16th/1868 The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy should be considered when four major factors are present Acute or chronic hepatocellular disease and/or extensive poal systemic collateral shunts Disturbance of awareness and mentation which may progress from forgetfulness and confusion to stupor and finally coma. Shifting combinations of neurological signs including asterixis, rigidity, hyperreflexia, extensor plantar signs and rarely seizures. A characteristic but (nonspecific), symmetric, high voltage, triphasic slow wave (2 or 5/second) pattern on electroencephalogram.
| 1
|
Hepatic encephalopathy
|
Uremic encephalopathy
|
Hypoxic encephalopathy
|
All
|
Medicine
| null |
7813deec-7ab4-4ee8-a2ec-9b92fe0b30e7
|
multi
|
All are measures of dispersion around central value except
|
The several measures of variation or dispersion of which the following are widely known Range The mean or Average detion The standard detion Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno. 848
| 2
|
Mode
|
Variance
|
Standard detion
|
Mean
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Biostatistics
|
0324b7e7-917a-4aef-a87d-a009273c1492
|
multi
|
A woman receives an organ transplant from her sister who is an identical twin. What type of graft is it?
|
An Isograft is a graft of tissue between two individuals who are genetically identical (i.e. monozygotic twins). Transplant rejection between two such individuals viually never occurs Ref : Ananthanarayana textbook of Microbiology 9th edition Pgno : 183
| 4
|
Allograft
|
Autograft
|
Xenograft
|
Isograft
|
Microbiology
|
Immunology
|
57049ba5-c2b5-4e04-8d75-3c30cac441ad
|
multi
|
WHO recommended salt intake -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., < 5 gm/d Ranges of population nutrient intake goalsDietary factorGoal (% of total energyunless otherwise statedTotal fatSaturated fatty acidsPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)15-30%< 15%6-10%n-6 Polyunsaturated fatty' acids (PUFAs)n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)Trans fatty acidsMonounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)5-8%1-2%<1%by differenceTotal carbohydrateFree sugarsProteinCholesterolSodium chloride (sodium)Fruits and vegetablesTotal dietary fibreNon-starch polysaccharides (NSP)55-75%<10%10-15%<300 mg per day< 5g per day (< 2g per day)3 400g per dayFrom foodsFrom foods
| 1
|
< 5 gm/d
|
< 6 gm/d
|
< 7 gm/d
|
< 8 gm/d
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Nutrition and Health
|
198976b9-cac6-4c3d-b116-23672a8c2d83
|
single
|
All are true about multicystic Dysplastic kidney except
|
Bilateral MCDK has poor prognosis and this leads to potter sequence.
| 3
|
Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney is more common than bilateral
|
Prognosis is good if MCDK is isolated and unilateral
|
Unilateral MCDK leads to potter sequence
|
Bilateral MCDK has poor prognosis
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
ef0b6715-4426-4baf-8f5e-e4af2e8b775c
|
multi
|
Which of the following is false about Chicken pox
|
SAR of Chicken pox is 90%.
| 3
|
Causative agent is varicella zoster
|
IP is 14-16 days
|
Secondary attack rate is about 60%
|
Rash spares palms & soles
|
Medicine
| null |
c70730d2-f6b3-480d-a001-9a0825e5512d
|
multi
|
What is true about spigelian hernia
| null | 3
|
It is seen in femoral triangle region
|
Occur only in male
|
It is due to defect in transversus abdominalis muscle and lies in between muscle layers
|
It always contains appendix
|
Surgery
| null |
d727d7fe-1020-48fe-9041-ac17720b9470
|
multi
|
A child aged 3 years presented with severe sensorineural deafness, he was prescribed hearing aids but showed no improvement. What is the next line of management?
|
The patient suffers from sensorineural deafness, so fenestration and stapes mobilisation cannot be done. Such patients require heating aid or cochlear implant. Since hearing aid has not shown any benefit, cochlear implant will be indicated to provide hearing and develop speech and language. There is no conservative treatment.
| 3
|
Fenestration surgery
|
Stapes mobilisation
|
Cochlear implant
|
Conservative
|
ENT
|
Ear
|
ac4d743c-7fb9-4962-86f0-dfa7de61f6b9
|
single
|
True about clomiphene citrate :
|
Clomiphene Citrate : It is a non-steroidal triphenylethylene derivative Selective estrogen receptor modulator with both estrogen agonist and antagonist propeies Racemic mixture of two stereoisomers Enclomiphene (trans): 62% Zuclomiphene (cis): 38%, responsible for ovulation Mechanism of action: It is structurally similar to estrogen Competes for nuclear estrogen receptors throughout reproductive system At hypothalamic level it prevents accurate interpretation of estrogen levels Reduces negative feedback of estrogen triggering normal hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis. Hence it allows the release of GnRH into the pitutary poal system and stimulates LH and FSH secetion. It has antiestrogenic action at level of cervix and endometrium Indications: Anovulatory infeility, ovulation induction, male infeility due to defective spermatogenesis due to hypogonadism Chances of multiple pregnancy: Twins: 7-10% Higher order: 0.1-0.3% Pregnancy rate is about 50% compared to placebo Ref: D.C. Dutta's Textbook of Gynaecology, 6th edition, page no: 533
| 1
|
Enclomiphene has antiestrogenic affect
|
Chance of pregnancy is three fold as compared to placebo
|
Risk of multiple pregnancy is 2-4%
|
It can also be used for male infeility with oligozoospermia
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Reproductive physiology and hormones in females
|
f1e941a1-070f-4794-a455-4171c997be22
|
multi
|
Which cement base has the highest modulus of elasticity?
| null | 3
|
Zinc polycarboxylate
|
Polymer reinforced ZOE cement
|
Zinc phosphate
|
Glass inomer cement
|
Dental
| null |
69c97f60-1c93-46da-b8fa-b6f8e4add467
|
single
|
Time period between occurrence of osteosarcoma following radiation therapy:
|
D i.e. 10 yearsRef: Diagnostic Pathology: Bone, By G. Petur Nielsen, Andrew E Rosenberg, 2nd edition, pageExplanation:Post-radiation OsteosarcomaLatent period from radiation is long: Median 11 years.Rarely as little as 2 years.Latency inversely related to radiation dose.OsteosarcomaThe X-ray appearances are variable.Hazy osteolytic areas may alternate with unusually dense osteoblastic areas.The endosteal margin is poorly defined.Often the cortex is breached and the tumour extends into the adjacent tissues; when this happens, streaks of new bone appear, radiating outwards from the cortex - the so-called 'sunburst' effect.Where the tumour emerges from the cortex, reactive new bone forms at the angles of periosteal elevation (Codman's triangle).While both the sunburst appearance and Codman's triangle are typical of osteosarcoma, they may occasionally be seen in other rapidly growing tumours.Risk Factors for OsteosarcomaFamilial cases where the deletion of chromosome '13q14' inactivates the retinoblastoma gene is associated with a high risk of osteosarcoma development.Bone dysplasias, including Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, enchondromatosis, and hereditary multiple exostoses, increase the risk of osteosarcoma.Li-Fraumeni syndrome (germline TP53 mutation) is a predisposing factor for osteosarcoma development.Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (i.e., autosomal recessive association of congenital bone defects, hair and skin dysplasias, hypogonadism and cataracts) is associated with increased risk of this disease.Bone irradiation.Note:Characteristic histologic finding of osteosarcoma:Bone forming tumor (osteo = bone).Presence of osteoid.Characteristic radiologic features:Codman's triangle.Sunburst appearance.
| 4
|
1 year
|
3 years
|
5 years
|
10 years
|
Radiology
|
Radiotherapy
|
cffa3d77-2b9f-4868-b457-7124468e3931
|
single
|
Multiple myeloma-all are true except?
|
Ans. (d) Dystrophic calcification(Ref: R 9th/pg 598-602)Calcification in multiple myeloma is due to hypercalcemia (metastatic calcification) and not dystrophic calcification.
| 4
|
Proteinuria
|
Visual disturbance
|
Bleeding
|
Dystrophic calcification
|
Pathology
|
Misc. (W.B.C)
|
ba2921ea-cd73-4d8f-a163-bdb0c6f88fc4
|
multi
|
All are true about Dieulafoy's lesion except:
|
Ans. (a) Angiographic embolization is the preferred treatmentRef: Sabiston 19th Edition, Page 1168* Dieulafoy's lesion is most common in lesser curve near cardia (6cm from OG junction)* Dilated tortuous artery bleeding in submucosa (It is a branch from left gastric Artery)* Painless massive hemorrhage occurs* Treatment Protocol:# 1st - Endoscopic sclerosant and thermal therapy is tried first. Mostly it seems successful in 80% to 100% cases.# 2nd - Angiographic embolization with coils done if step 1 fails.# 3rd - Final step gastric wedge resection with bleeding vessel.
| 1
|
Angiographic embolization is the preferred treatment
|
Endoscopic treatment can be given
|
Pulsation of artery causes ulceration
|
Submucosal artery
|
Surgery
|
Stomach & Duodenum
|
cbd02efc-9d5a-4356-b105-b54153362fc8
|
multi
|
Baby born premature at 29 wks on examination at 42 wks with ROP both eyes shows stage 2 zone I plus disease, how will you manage the natient?
|
B i.e. Laser photocoagulation of both eyes
| 2
|
Examination the patient after I week
|
Laser photocoagulation of both eyes
|
Laser photocoagulation of worse eye, follow up of othr eye
|
Vitreoretinal surgery
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
cb542f6a-9e9d-4322-b8fa-3df5325e5525
|
multi
|
Life span of cut380a -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 10 years "The Cu-T 380A is approved for use for 10 years. However, the Cu-T 380A has been demonstrated to maintain its efficacy over at least 12 years of use -- ParkIntra-uterine deviceso An intrauterine device is a long acting reversible contraceptive birth control device placed in the uterus,o There are two basic types of IUD -ISon-medicated and medicated.o According to evolution, lUDs can be categorizedIUDsLifespanFirst generation :Lippe's loop (obsolete)-Second generationCopper-T-CuT-200-B4yrCuT-2003yrCuT-220C-Nova-T5yrMultiload - 2503753 yr5yrCuT-3 80A10yrThird generation Progestasert1yrLNG-20 (Mirena)5 yr (Ref: Novak p263: Note that Park mention: the life span of mirena to he 10 yrs)o So it is the CuT-3 80A which has the longest life spano In India under the National Family Welfare Programmes, CuT-200B is being used. From the year 2002, CuT380A has been introduced.
| 1
|
10yrs
|
20yrs
|
Iyrs
| null |
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Family Planning
|
5a00e359-6e29-4da2-b492-37325d7df927
|
multi
|
Erythematous lesions with Collarets of scales on trunk
|
.
| 2
|
Pityriasis rubra
|
Pityriasis rosea
|
Pityriasis versicolor
|
Pityriasis alba
|
Pathology
|
All India exam
|
b2d3a7c6-8eb0-41eb-840b-e90eb615d420
|
single
|
Salivary calculus is more common in
| null | 1
|
Submandibular gland
|
Sublingual gland
|
Parotid gland
|
Minor salivary gland
|
Surgery
| null |
6552e7bb-5acd-4408-9eb1-d44d4bc0e99e
|
single
|
Most common intra abdominal solid organ tumor in child is-
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Neuro blastoma MC intra abdominal solid tumor in children.Derived from neural crest.90% present before 5 years of age.50% present before 2 years of age.MC soft tissue sarcoma in children < 15 years of age.Half present below 5 years.2/3 present below 10 years.o Wilm's tumor (Nephroblastoma)Most common malignant tumor of kidney.80% of tumor present below' 5 year of age.o PresentionAsymptomatic abdominal mass (M.C.).Haematuria (10-25%).Hypertension (25%).Abdominal pain (30%).Fever (20%).
| 1
|
Neuroblastoma
|
Rhabdomyoblastoma
|
Wilm's tumor
|
Hypernephroma
|
Pediatrics
|
Neoplasms of the Kidney
|
5a6aff84-04a8-4660-adae-cce498edd550
|
single
|
Maternal moality rate is calculated :-
|
Maternal moality rate : - 'Maternal death' is defined as 'Death of a woman anytime in pregnancy ,during labour/delivery or within 42 days of delivery Maternal deaths expressed as per 100,000 live bihs is MMR. Direct cause of MMR - Post-paum hemorrhage. Indirect cause of MMR - Anemia.
| 3
|
Till delivery
|
Till 1 week after delivery
|
Till 42 days after delivery
|
None of the above
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Obstetric Care in RCH: Visits, IFA, TT, MCH Indicators
|
4a49636d-c642-46fe-8280-0e4e3d485207
|
multi
|
Ramesh a 40 yr old male patient presenting with polyuria, pain abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and altered sensorium was found to have bronchogenic carcinoma. Which of the following electrolyte abnormality can be seen in him?
|
There are several paraneoplastic syndromes associated with bronchogenic carcinoma. This patient's symptoms of polyuria, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and altered mental status indicates a diagnosis of hypercalcemia occurring secondary to the release of PTHrP by squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Small cell carcinoma of the lung is associated with hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone or possibly ANP. These patients develop hyponatremia. Small cell carcinoma is also associated with the ectopic production of ACTH resulting in hypokalemia. Ref: Horn L, Pao W, Johnson D.H. (2012). Chapter 89. Neoplasms of the Lung. InLongo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J, Loscalzo J (Eds),Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e
| 4
|
Hypokalemia
|
Hyperkalemia
|
Hypocalcaemia
|
Hypercalcemia
|
Medicine
| null |
d0283414-b3dd-431d-8633-e5d5b6a88b88
|
single
|
Which of the immunoglobulins is present in the Peyer's patch?
|
IgA is the predominat immunoglobulin produced in Peyer's patches. IgA producing lymphocytes are more abundant in these tissues than in lymph nodes or spleen. The direct secretion of secretory IgA onto mucosal epithelia represents the major effector mechanism of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). IgA is the main immunoglobulin in secretions such as milk, saliva, and tears and in secretion; of the respiratory, intestinal, and genital tracts. It protects mucous membranes from attack of bacteria and viruses.
| 3
|
IgM
|
IgG
|
IgA
|
IgD
|
Microbiology
| null |
152acb11-43a6-45eb-8a25-cf42fdf931a3
|
single
|
NOT true statement regarding Urinary bladder among the following is
|
Submucosa is absent in Trigone making it smooth.
| 2
|
lnterureteric ridge is also known as Bar of Mercier
|
Muscularis mucosa is absent in Trigone making it smooth
|
Trigonal muscle forms Urethral Crest
|
Uvula vesicae in formed by Median lobe of prostate
|
Anatomy
| null |
bd22ada1-7d5b-4400-90c6-c0d37f80d3b8
|
multi
|
Nail is involved in:
|
A i.e., Psoriasis B Lichen planus C i.e., Fungal infection
| 4
|
Psoriasis
|
Lichen planus
|
Fungal infection
|
All
|
Skin
| null |
28b76821-175d-429a-a214-a8876b6a2f13
|
multi
|
All are true regarding the pudendal nerve, except
|
Pudendal nerve is a somatic nerve and is not the main supply of pelvic viscera (D). It is the nerve of perineum carrying root value S-2, 3 & 4 (B) and is a mixed nerve with both the sensory and motor (A) components.
| 4
|
Sensory and motor
|
Derived from S2, 3, 4
|
Comes out through the lesser sciatic foramen
|
Main nerve supply of pelvic organs
|
Anatomy
|
All India exam
|
41f53f8f-7d00-473b-8640-12357932a1ac
|
multi
|
A patient is more talkative than usual. He used to speak loudly. While talking, he rapidly shifts from topic to topic. He also keeps himself busy in chatting or messaging friends. Likely diagnosis of such a case:March 2013 (f)
|
Ans. A i.e. Mania
| 1
|
Mania
|
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
|
Depression
|
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
|
Psychiatry
| null |
272a9118-9b0b-4a03-9fc9-b58af992bd14
|
single
|
In which of the following poisoning abdominal colic is a presenting feature?
|
Abdominal colic in lead poisoning is called saturnine colic.It is usually noctural colic and is a late symptom of lead poisening.
| 4
|
Arsenic poisoning
|
Cyanide poisoning
|
Mercuric poisoning
|
Lead poisoning
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
48c9e81f-089b-4db4-a409-c4127d8c2ba3
|
single
|
Which diuretic could be considered appropriate for combining with ACE inhibitors
|
ACE inhibitors are contra-indicated in the presence of hyperkalemia.Aldosterone antagonists and epithelial sodium channel blockers are potassium sparing diuretics and should not be combined with ACE inhibitors. Thiazides on the other hand cause hypokalemia and can be combined with ACE inhibitors.
| 3
|
Spironolactone
|
Eplerenone
|
Hydrochlorothiazide
|
Amiloride
|
Pharmacology
|
Endocrinology
|
ca9e2c34-5227-4ad9-ad50-768c305d0601
|
multi
|
Which of the following is the commonest cause of malaria in the world?
|
Malaria has a worldwide distribution between 45degN and 40degS latitude, generally at altitudes below 1800 m. P vivax is the most widely distributed of the four species, and together with the uncommon P malariae, is found primarily in temperate and subtropical areas. P falciparum is the dominant organism of the tropics. P ovale is rare and found principally in Africa. Ref: Ray C.G., Ryan K.J. (2010). Chapter 50. Sporozoa. In C.G. Ray, K.J. Ryan (Eds), Sherris Medical Microbiology, 5e.
| 1
|
P. vivax
|
P. ovale
|
P. falciparum
|
P. malariae
|
Microbiology
| null |
55773040-dd79-44ab-8f1a-ffe521c6f45f
|
single
|
Tick borne Relapsing Fever is caused by:
|
Borellia hermsii
| 4
|
Borrelia recurrentis
|
Borrelia burgdorferi
|
Rickettsia prowazeki
|
Borellia hermsii
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
513f7b59-3af4-4f9c-b07e-9e250bdbb1cc
|
single
|
Best bone of the following to assess the age of a person between 20-50 years is
|
Age changes at pubic symphysis The changes in the pubic symphysis are the best criteria to assess the age from third to fifth decade. The changes occurs on three components: dorsal surface, ventral surface, and margin. At the age of about 20 years, there is formation of horizontal ridges of bone on the aicular surface which first stas on the upper poion of the ventral surface and extends to the dorsal surface. This is called billowing. At about 25-35 years, the surface becomes granular and the ventral nd dorsal margins are well defined. A rim formation stas from the dorsal surface extends to the ventral surface. At about 35 -45 years, the upper and lower end will be raised and also the ventral margin by bony extension which is called lipping and the beaded rim development will be complete on all around the margins of the aicular surface. By 45-55 years, the beaded rim stas breaking. By 55-65 years the breakdown of the rim is more and by the end of seventh decade the breakdown of the rim will be complete. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr. PC IGNATIUS PAGE NO90
| 4
|
Skull
|
Ribs
|
Sternum
|
Pubic symphysis
|
Forensic Medicine
|
Identification
|
c8422709-ce1a-463e-9b03-661e09cc1d97
|
single
|
Turner's syndrome is maximally associated with the following cardiac condition:
|
The most common cardiovascular abnormalities are bicuspid aoic valve, which is present in 10% to 20%, and coarctation of aoa, present in 10% of adult cases. The prevalence of these abnormalities is higher in children. Less common cardiovascular anomalies include, Aoic stenosis Systemic hypeension Mitral valve prolapse Conduction defects Paial anomalous venous drainage Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Ref: Marian A.J., Brugada R., Robes R. (2011). Chapter 82. Cardiovascular Diseases Caused by Genetic Abnormalities. In V. Fuster, R.A. Walsh, R.A. Harrington (Eds), Hurst's The Hea, 13e.
| 2
|
Aoic stenosis
|
Coarctation of aoa
|
VSD
|
Mitral valve prolapse
|
Pediatrics
| null |
66b015c1-3c26-4591-bf33-5f35b28ab4f5
|
multi
|
Hinge fracture is seen in:
|
Ref: Apleys System of Orthopaedics and Fractures, 9th editionExplanation:HINGE FRACTUREBasilar fracture of skull.Involves middle cranial fossa and pituitary fossa.Divides the skull into anterior and posterior segments.Mechanism of injuryo Blow to chin, e.g. Boxingo Motor-cycle accident - Due to impact on the chin during the fall.JEFFERSON FRACTUREBurst fracture of Atlas I Cl vertebra).Lower incidence of spinal cord injury when compared to burst fractures of the other vertebrae.This is due to absence of vertebral body in Cl vertebra.
| 3
|
Wrist
|
Mandible
|
Basilar skull fracture
|
Cl vertebra fracture
|
Orthopaedics
|
Spinal Injuries
|
f6ac73d4-439c-4f69-ab20-748d6f0a4a5c
|
single
|
In TB, immunity is provided by:
|
Activated CD4+ helper T cell is the specific immune mechanism effective in TB.
It is a ‘cell-mediated' type of immunity (since it is intracellular).
| 1
|
CD4+ cells
|
CD8+ cells
|
IgG
|
IgM
|
Microbiology
| null |
fcdbb875-c7fa-46c0-b204-b24b579ca4c1
|
single
|
Antihelminthic also acting as immunomodulator is :
| null | 2
|
Albendazole
|
Levamisole
|
Mebendazole
|
Piperazine
|
Pharmacology
| null |
a9337448-0170-4194-85a1-10e14b66a722
|
single
|
Treatment of choice for coccidioidomycosis is :
| null | 2
|
Amphotericin
|
Fluconazole
|
Flucytosine
|
Griseofulvin
|
Pharmacology
| null |
f8b7930a-6995-4cd2-9568-33656dbdcf1e
|
single
|
Following are transmitted by mosquito except -
|
Plague is primarily and basically, a zoonosis caused by Y.pestis, involving rodents and fleas. It exists in natural foci and is transmitted by infected flea bites to humans living or intruding into the same ecological environment Plague occurs in many forms - enzootically, epizootically, sporadically and in epidemics anthroponotic and primary pneumonic forms. AGENT: Y. pestis Reservoir: Wild rodents Source of infection: Infected rodent, fleas and case of pneumonic plague. Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th Edition, Pg 319.
| 4
|
Japanese encephalitis
|
Dengue fever
|
Yellow fever
|
Plague
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Environment and health
|
7cfc8b4e-ff83-434b-9b7d-66f7122089ae
|
multi
|
Eye infection in newborn is NOT caused by: March 2004
|
Ans. B i.e. Proteus mirabilis
| 2
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
Proteus mirabilis
|
Gonococci
|
Chlamydia
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
9b839073-f077-417b-a3be-7393ad9acd40
|
single
|
A 22-year-old man has symptoms of low back pain and stiffness. After several months of mild symptoms, he notes more severe stiffness at night and hip pain. On physical examination, there is paravertebral muscle tenderness and limited flexion of the lumbar spine. Figure shows an x-ray of the lumbar spine. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
|
(c) Source: (Kasper, p. 1993) AS occurs in 1-6% of adults inheriting human lymphocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27). However, the prevalence in B27-positive relatives of patients with AS is up to 30%. Men are three times more likely to be affected.
| 3
|
Reiter syndrome
|
Marfan syndrome
|
ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
|
RA
|
Medicine
|
Immunology and Rheumatology
|
dd8b1ce8-3494-4843-9808-25eaedce1e46
|
single
|
Which drug does not need dose adjustment in a patient with creatinine clearance of
|
Dose adjustment is not required for Trovafloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Pefloxacin and Nalidixic acid for patient with decreased creatinine clearence. Trovafloxacin will cause liver damage and increase in liver enzymes. So it is contraindicated in patients with active liver disease. Ref: Sherwood L. Gorbach, John G. Balett, Neil R. Blacklo (2004), Chapter 26, "Quinolones", "Infectious Diesases", 3rd Edition, Lippincott Publications, USA, Page 253 ; Kalzung, 9th Edition, Page 779.
| 4
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
Sparfloxacin
|
Lomefloxacin
|
Trovafloxacin
|
Pharmacology
| null |
65323036-8156-43dd-b8b0-913d30ab6e78
|
single
|
Delusions are features of all except ?
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., OCD Delusions are seen in psychotic disorders Organic Delirium (Acute confusional state) Substance :- Abuse (alcohol, amphetamines) and withdrawal (alcohol). Non organic Schizophrenia Affect/mood disorders (Mania & depression) Other non-organic psychosis :- Delusional disorders, Schizoaffective disorders. Delusions are not seen in neurotic disorders -, Anxiety disorders obsessive-compulsive disorders, Dissociative (conversion) disorders, Somatoform disorders, Stress-related disorders
| 3
|
Delirium
|
Schizophrenic
|
OCD
|
Alcohol withdrawal
|
Psychiatry
| null |
cce3bb5f-1294-4230-8df3-55361062a8a2
|
multi
|
The largest organ of the body is
|
The liver is the largest gland in the body and has a wide variety of functions (265-Snell 7th )
The liver is the largest gland in the body. (283-BDC-2)
Femer is the longest and the strongest bone of the body (16-B DC-2)
Skin is the largest organ of the body (278-K- Sembulingam physiology)
Skin is considered as the largest sense organ in the body it has many nerve endings, which are specialized to form cutaneous receptors (281-K. Sembulingam physiology 3rd )
| 2
|
Liver
|
skin
|
Gluteus maximus
|
Femur
|
Anatomy
| null |
311ea464-f79d-4208-a70c-d5fd4c9f423d
|
single
|
All of the following statements are true regarding lipoproteins, EXCEPT:
|
LDL receptor are present in all cells most abundant in hepatic cells and adrenal coex. When apo B100 in LDL bind to LDL receptor, receptor-LDL complex is internalized by endocytosis. A deficiency of functional LDL receptors causes a significant elevation in plasma LDL and therefore increase in plama cholesterol. Thus increased blood cholesterol will be associated with a decrease in LDL receptors and not with an increase in the receptors. Ref: Textbook of Biochemistry By DM Vasudevan, 3rd Edition, Pages 138-40 ; Lippincott Biochemistry, 2nd Edition, Page 215
| 3
|
VLDL transpos endogenous lipids
|
LDL transpos lipids to the tissues
|
Increased blood cholesterol is associated with increased LDL receptors
|
Increased HDL is associated with decreased risk of coronary disease
|
Biochemistry
| null |
5d1b523f-7d61-4bb9-bdb6-1142c8a213a7
|
multi
|
A 12 year old boy presents with recurrent attacks of conjunctivitis for the last 2 years with intense itching and ropy discharge. The diagnosis is:
|
Vernal conjunctivitis
| 1
|
Vernal conjunctivitis
|
Phlyctenular conjunctivitis
|
Trachoma
|
Viral conjunctivitis
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
d7569d5a-735d-4ccc-9636-8e9f001bdb0e
|
single
|
All the following conditions can Lead to depapillation of the tongue EXCEPT
| null | 2
|
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
|
Amyloidosis
|
Pernicious anemia
|
Luetic glossitis
|
Pathology
| null |
e630b7c6-fd3a-4860-b92d-2b576a75763c
|
multi
|
Glycogen storage diseases include the following
| null | 3
|
Fabry’s disease
|
Fragile syndrome
|
Von Gierke’s disease
|
Krabbe’s disease
|
Biochemistry
| null |
836859b2-70c0-4ce2-a3c4-607cbc66f023
|
single
|
A Sepsis Wound score includes all except
|
A Sepsis Wound score :
A - Additional treatement
Antibiotics for wound infections.
Drainage of pus under local Anaesthesia.
Debridement of wound under GA.
S - Serous Discharge.
E - Erythema.
P - Purulent Discharge.
S - Separation of deep tissues.
I - Isolation of bacteria from wound.
S - Stay as inpatient prolonged over 14 days.
| 4
|
Scours discharge
|
Purulent discharge
|
Erythema
|
Induration
|
Surgery
| null |
3dc14051-8882-4355-b379-4c81fe89666a
|
multi
|
Antepaum hemorrhage occurs after how many weeks :
|
28 weeks
| 4
|
12 weeks
|
18 weeks
|
20 weeks
|
28 weeks
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
4d64d9e1-cb7d-454d-bf3f-3f81013342a1
|
single
|
Treatment of choice of desmoids tumour is:
|
Ans. (d) Surgery + Radiotherapy* Role of Radiotherapy in Abdominal wall desmoids is still controversial.* But there are studies showing better results with RT combined with surgery, rather than surgery alone.* So let us opt for both
| 4
|
Surgery
|
Chemotherapy
|
Radiotherapy
|
Surgery + Radiotherapy
|
Surgery
|
Anal Canal
|
56dd6228-7b4c-4072-8c13-fa92f78bcc20
|
single
|
The L or D form of a sugar is determined by its relation to:
|
An optical isomer can be named by the spatial configuration of its atoms.The D/L system does this by relating the molecule to glyceraldehyde.Glyceraldehyde is chiral itself, and its two isomers are labeled D and L
| 3
|
Fructose
|
Glycogen
|
Glyceraldehyde
|
Glucose
|
Biochemistry
| null |
d8c5ed04-3c5a-43a3-bab1-bf67f4c65737
|
single
|
Vitamin B level in chronic myeloid leukemia is
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Elevated CML there will be rise in B1, level LDH level And decreased levels of ALP.
| 1
|
Elevated'
|
Decreased
|
Normal
|
Markedly
|
Medicine
| null |
a73ad975-427f-41c9-9166-2e5699e10962
|
single
|
Serial 7 substraction is used to test ?
|
Ans. A. Working memorySerial sevens substraction testSerial sevens, counting down from one hundred by sevens, is a clinical test used to test mental function; for example, to help assess mental status after possible head injury or in suspected cases of dementia.This well-known test, in active documented use since at least l944,was adopted as pa of the mini-mental state examination.The test is also used in determining when a patient is becoming unconscious under anaesthetic, for example prior to major dental surgery.
| 1
|
Working memory
|
Long term memory
|
Mathematical ability
|
Recall power
|
Psychiatry
| null |
28df346a-4cf5-4ba6-9bc5-2bb8db4ab796
|
multi
|
Which of the following is false about Wilm's tumor: September 2010
|
Ans. C: Spreads mostly by lymphatics Wilms' tumor or nephroblastoma is cancer of the kidneys that typically occurs in children, rarely in adults. The majority (75%) occur in otherwise normal children (1-6 years); a minority (25%) is associated with other developmental abnormalities. It is highly responsive to treatment, with about 90% of patients surviving at least five years. Most nephroblastomas are unilateral, being bilateral in less than 5% of cases. They tend to be encapsulated and vascularized tumors that do not cross the midline of the abdomen. In cases of metastasis it is usually hematogenous and to the lung.
| 3
|
Presents before the age of 5 years
|
Mostly presents as abdominal mass
|
Spreads mostly by lymphatics
|
Responds well to treatment
|
Pediatrics
| null |
0a9e6f38-4481-4180-a279-c525c2897897
|
multi
|
Carriers for Herpes simplex virus is: March 2009
|
Ans. A: Man Humans are the only natural hosts and the sources of infection are saliva, skin lesions or respiratory secretions. Asymptomatic carriers form the more impoant source of infection, especially in genital infection.
| 1
|
Man
|
Monkey
|
Both
| null |
Microbiology
| null |
ea71075b-fba7-48ff-9920-80624f53a958
|
multi
|
After rupture of middle meningeal aery bleeding occurs in which region -
|
Ans is 'b' ie Extradural bleed
| 2
|
Subdural bleed
|
Extradural bleed
|
Intracerebral bleed
|
Subarachnoid bleed
|
Surgery
| null |
ec440da8-e717-406f-803f-5a27fab0fcf6
|
single
|
A 27-year-old woman comes to psychiatrist complaining of sleep difficulty since her breakup a month ago. On exploring fuher she repos difficulty in work, decision making, socializing without his help. Since early age she has struggled with low self-confidence and fears of rejection and abandonment. She appears anxious and sad but brightens easily. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
|
Patient's excessive dependency on her boyfriend,indecisiveness, and fear of being alone are suggestive of dependent personality disorder. It is a cluster C PD .Additionally in this patient is uncomfoable when alone.
| 4
|
Acute stress disorder
|
Major depressive disorder
|
Borderline personality disorder
|
Dependent personality disorder
|
Psychiatry
|
Personality Disorders
|
5930efe0-aabd-4031-add7-926dca85292b
|
single
|
Diencephalon represents
|
The diencephalon is the pa of brain between the cerebrum and brainstem.The cavity within it is called third ventricleThe pas of diencephalon are:ThalamusMetathalamusEpithalamusSubthalamusHypothalamus(Ref: Vishram Singh textbook of clinical neuroanatomy Second Edition pg -123)
| 2
|
Lateral ventricle
|
3rd ventricle
|
4th ventricle
|
Aquedct
|
Anatomy
|
Brain
|
656534f0-7618-43c9-9843-e568777cf009
|
single
|
A 65-year-old male patient complains of loss of libido and is found to have a low free and total testosterone level. Treatment is commenced with testosterone supplemental therapy. What is the next step in management after testosterone administration?
|
PSA levels can increase because both benign and malignant prostatic tissue are sensitive to testosterone (hormonal) therapy. There is increased prostatic growth with elevation of PSA and possible polycythemia.
| 1
|
Check PSA levels
|
Testosterone levels are decreased
|
Decrease in size of benign prostatic tissue lesions occurs
|
Decrease in size of prostatic cancer occurs
|
Surgery
|
Urethra & Penis
|
920ad252-d347-4be2-baa1-cbd1ed428f01
|
multi
|
Which one of the following is not a prion associated disease -
| null | 4
|
Scrapie
|
Kuru
|
Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
Medicine
| null |
c0fcd9ac-ad58-41cc-83f2-4d5486c0a1f8
|
single
|
Naegler's reaction is due to:
|
Ans. is. 'c' i. e. Lecithinase
| 3
|
Coagulase
|
Hyaluronidase
|
Lecithinase
|
None of the above
|
Microbiology
| null |
5339384d-7d5f-4657-85f0-ed476576d6ba
|
multi
|
All form boundaries of triangle of auscultation except
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Rhomboid major Triangle of auscultation has the following boundaries Superiorly and medially, by the inferior poion of the Trapezius. Inferiorly, by the Latissimus Dorsi. Laterally, by the medial border of the scapula. The superficial floor of the triangle is formed by the Serratus anterior and the lateral poion of the erector spinae muscles. Deep to these muscles are the osseous poions of the 6" and 7th ribs and the internal and external intercostal muscles. Typically, the Triangle of Auscultation is covered by the Scapula. To better expose the triangle and listen to respiratory sounds with a stethoscope, patients are asked to fold their arms across their chest, medially rotating the scapulae, while bending forward at the trunk, somewhat resembling a fetal position.
| 4
|
Trapezius
|
Latissmusdorsi
|
Scapula
|
Rhomboid major
|
Medicine
| null |
82a72540-faad-47bc-8a77-ccbbb79b517c
|
multi
|
Cholinomimetic drugs can be used for treatment of all of the following conditions except
|
Refer kDT 6/e p 104 Cholinomimetic drugs can cause bradycardia as an adverse effect and this cannot be used for the treatment
| 2
|
Closed angle glaucoma
|
Bradycardia
|
Cobra bite
|
Myasthenia gravis
|
Pharmacology
|
Autonomic nervous system
|
46d9cde3-5184-4b1b-a958-4f8757f24153
|
multi
|
All of the following are risk factors for thoracic aoic aneurysm (TAA) rupture except:
|
TAAs are those occurring distal to the left subclan vein. The risk for rupture is increased with : Increasing aneurysm size Advanced age History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Concurrent dissection. Anticoagulation is not a risk factor for rupture.
| 4
|
Symptomatic aneurysm
|
Concurrent dissection
|
Increased patient age
|
Anticoagulation use
|
Surgery
|
Aerial disorders
|
320b6f6f-c8ac-43bd-a28c-de7030b00187
|
multi
|
Acute angled septate hyphae are seen in -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., .Aspergillus o Septate hyphae with acute branching-Aspergilluso Non septate hyphae with obtuse branching-Rhizopus/mucoro Septate hyphae with dichotomous branching into two equal divisons at a regular angle of 45deg are typical of Aspergillus.o Mucor and rhizopus are non-septate (aseptate) and penicillium has no hyphae (It is yeast like fungus).
| 1
|
Aspergillus
|
Mucor
|
PeniciIlium
|
Candida
|
Microbiology
|
Mycology
|
320c059c-e672-4c79-a074-41258ec4c6f3
|
single
|
Comment on the site of damage for a patient exhibiting the following symptom?
|
Past pointing and intentional tremors- Lesion of neo-cerebellum. Archicerebellum lesion-Truncal ataxia. Damage to Substantia nigra -Parkinsonism- Resting tremor is seen.
| 2
|
Substantia Nigra
|
Neocerebellum
|
Archicerebellum
|
Ventromedial nucleus thalamus
|
Medicine
|
Parkinsonism and other movement disorders
|
b7e1e909-d360-4232-b40b-be38e83eede4
|
single
|
The most common postoperative psychiatric condition is:
|
Delirium
| 2
|
Schizophrenia
|
Delirium
|
Chronic brain syndrome
|
Depression
|
Psychiatry
| null |
4558173f-adea-493e-8976-fda5bf5a4af7
|
single
|
Prelabour pains are mediated through
|
T11-T12 Pain pathways during labour The pain of labour arises from - Contraction of myometrium, against the resistance of cervix and perineum - Progressive dilatation of the cervix and lower uterine segment - Stretching and compression of pelvic and perineal structures Pain during the, first stage of labour is mostly visceral pain resulting from uterine contractions and cervical dilatation. It is usually confined to the T11-T12 dermatomes during the latent phase but eventually involves the TIO-LI dermatomes as the labour enters the the active phase. The visceral afferent fibres responsible for labour pain travel with sympathetic nerve.fibres.first to the uterine and cervical plexes then through the hypogastric and aoic plexes before entering the spinal cord with the T10-L1 nerve roots. The onset of perineal pain at the end of fist stage signals the beginning of the fetal descent and the second stage of labour. Stretching and compression of pelvic and perineal structures intensify the pain. Sensory innervations of the perineum is provided by the pudendal nerve (S2-S4) so pain during the second stage of labour involves the T10-S4 dermatosomes.
| 1
|
Tit-T12
|
T2-L3
|
S1-S3
|
L3-L4
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
68b0418d-0260-445b-9518-c07108f41b41
|
single
|
Purkinje cells of cerebellum are connected to
|
Purkinje cells are flask-shaped cells in the molecular layer of cerebellum. The entire output of the cerebellar coex is through axons of the Purkinje cells.Basket cells, stellate cells, granule cells and intracerebellar nuclei except flocculonodular lobe synapses with Purkinje cells.(Ref: vishram Singh textbook of clinical neuroanatomy second edition pg 115)
| 4
|
Basket cells
|
Stellate cells
|
Deep cerebellar nuclei
|
All of the above
|
Anatomy
|
Brain
|
71a31f31-d21a-49c2-9125-bf9f4ed77103
|
multi
|
Mechanism of action of zeulton is?
|
ANSWER: (B) Inhibits LipoxygenaseREF: Goodman and Gillman s 11th ed page 479LEUKOTRIENE-SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS:The formation of leukotrienes depends on lip oxygenation of arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase. Zileuton is a potent and selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase activity and thus blocks the formation of all 5-lipoxygenase products. Thus, in addition to inhibiting the formation of the cys-LTs, zileuton also inhibits the formation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a potent chemotactic autacoidf and other eicosanoids that depend on leukotriene A4 (LTA4) synthesis.Logically, the therapeutic effects of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor would include all those observed with the CysLT-receptor antagonists, as well as other effects that may result from inhibiting the formation of LTB4 and other 5-lipoxygenase products.
| 2
|
Inhibits production of IgE
|
Inhibits Lipoxygenase
|
Inhibits Cyclooxygenase
|
Inhibits activity of mast cells
|
Pharmacology
|
Asthma
|
95f18b18-97c9-47f5-a025-663bf2fd2926
|
single
|
Hamaoma is
|
Ref Robbins 8/e p262;7/e p272; 9/e p267 Hamaomatous Polyps Hamaomatous polyps occur sporadically and as compo- nents of various genetically determined or acquired syn- dromes (Table 14-6). As described previously, hamaomas are disorganized, tumor-like growths composed of mature cell types normally present at the site at which the polyp develops. Hamaomatous polyposis syndromes are rare, but they are impoant to recognize because of associated intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations and the need to screen family members. Juvenile Polyps Juvenile polyps are the most common type of hamaoma- tous polyp. They may be sporadic or syndromic. In adults, the sporadic form sometimes is also referred to as an inflam- matory polyp, paicularly when dense inflammatory infil- trates are present. The vast majority of juvenile polyps occur in children younger than 5 years of age. Juvenile polyps characteristically are located in the rectum, and most manifest with rectal bleeding. In some cases, prolapse occurs and the polyp protrudes through the anal sphincter. Sporadic juvenile polyps are usually solitary but in persons with the autosomal dominant syndrome of juvenile pol- yposis the number varies from 3 to as many as 100. Colec- tomy may be required to limit the hemorrhage associated with polyp ulceration in juvenile polyposis. Dysplasia occurs in a small propoion of (mostly syndrome- associated) juvenile polyps, and the juvenile polyposis syn- drome is associated with increased risk for the development of colonic adenocarcinoma. hamaomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigA mentation that carries an increased risk of several malig- nancies, including cancers of the colon, pancreas, breast, lung, ovaries, uterus, and testes, as well as other unusual neoplasms. Germ line heterozygous loss-of-function muta- tions in the gene LKB1/STK11 are present in approximately half of the patients with the familial form of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, as well as a subset of patients with the sporadic form. Intestinal polyps are most common in the small intestine, although they may also occur in the stomach and colon and, rarely, in the bladder and lungs. On gross evaluation, the polyps are large and pedunculated with a lobulated contour. Histologic examination demonstrates a characteristic arborizing network of connective tissue, smooth muscle, lamina propria, and glands lined by normal-appearing intestinal epithelium (Fig. 14-31, B
| 2
|
Proliferation of cells in foreign site
|
Proliferation of native cells in tissue
|
Malignant condition
|
Acquired condition
|
Anatomy
|
General anatomy
|
81c054b4-9eea-487b-938b-63090a7d8bdb
|
single
|
Which herniation is the one that leads to brain stem injury-
| null | 4
|
Cingulate
|
Hippocampal
|
Sub falcine
|
Cerebellar tonsils
|
Medicine
| null |
22af88f4-c382-4b21-a2ae-e85db26dcba7
|
single
|
Which of the following organism is most commonly associated with urinary tract infection in Healthcare facility?
|
Different type of such healthcare infection and their most common causative organism:-
| 3
|
Staphylococcus epidermidis
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
klebsiella
|
Streptococcus
|
Microbiology
| null |
bf96b28c-55ca-4a13-b525-078a38df568e
|
single
|
Most common paroxysmal symptom of pheochromocytoma:
|
Answer is A (Headache): The single most common paroxysmal symptom repoed in patients with pheochromocytoma is headache 'Most adult patients have paroxysmal symptoms, lasting minutes to hours, consisting of headache (80%), perspiration (70%), and palpitations (60%)' - Endocrine Tumors (PMPH-USA, 2003)/ 104 The three most commonly repoed paroxysmal symptoms in pheochromocytoma are Headache, Palpitations and Excessive or inappropriate sweating. Almost all patients will have one of three symptoms above and most will have at least two. The most common and predominant sign of Pheochromocytoma is Hypeension
| 1
|
Headache
|
Palpitation
|
Abdominal pain
|
Hypotension
|
Medicine
| null |
35e83147-a7c3-4a61-ac1a-b8d0d1d03b9d
|
single
|
False statement regarding HCG is:
|
The HCG secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta is released into both the fetal and maternal circulation. Ref: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (Hgc) By Larry Cole, 2010, Page 20 ; Textbook of Obstetrics By D.C.Dutta, 5th Edition, Page 59
| 1
|
It is secreted by cytotrophoblasts
|
It acts on same receptor as LH
|
It has luteotrophic action
|
It is a glycoprotein
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
c3b421ee-4007-43d8-8c16-2b14a85f8bc9
|
multi
|
Squamous cell carcinoma spreads commonly ?
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lymphatic spread Spread of carcinoma Commonly by lymphatics o Spread of sarcoma --> Commonly hematogenous
| 3
|
Implantation
|
Hematogenous spread
|
Lymphatic spread
|
Trancoelomic spread
|
Pathology
| null |
3e8e74c5-f728-4452-b601-c703158772b8
|
single
|
Which of the following is true of cholera-
|
Vibrio causes secretory diarrhea.
About Other options:
Recent epidemics are due to O1 ElTor and also O139 serovar. (Classical still exists and few cases were reported from Bangladesh)
Vibriocidal antibodies in serum (titer 1:20) have been associated with protection against colonization and disease. …………… Jawetz 25/e p237
Endotoxin (LPS) does not play any role in pathogenicity of cholera but is responsible for immunity developed by killed vaccine.
| 2
|
Recent epidemic was due to classical type
|
Causes secretory diarrhoea
|
Caused by endotoxin
|
Vibriocidal antibodies correspond to susceptibility
|
Microbiology
| null |
7c635343-af9c-4426-8725-06b5c253e6a6
|
multi
|
Lens develops from: September 2012
|
Ans. D i.e. Surface ectoderm Embryology of eyeball Structures derived from mesoderm: Corneal stroma & endothelium, Only smooth muscles of iris, All muscles (EXCEPT iris muscle) Structures derived from surface ectoderm: Conjunctival epithelium, Lens Structures derived from neuroectoderm: Epithelium of iris & ciliary body, Muscles of iris (constrictor & dilator pupillae)
| 4
|
Neural crest
|
Mesoderm
|
Neuroectoderm
|
Surface ectoderm
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
bb847487-09d0-4064-a8a0-a1288f3bbd5e
|
single
|
Good prognosis in schizophrenia is indicated by -
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Affective symptoms o Presence of depression (affective symptom) is a good prognostic factor.PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR SCHIZOPHRENIAGood Prognostic FactorsPoor Prognostic Factorsl. Acute or abrupt onset1. Insidious onset2. Onset > 35 years of age (late onset)2. Onset < 20 years of age (early onset )3. Presence of precipitating stressor3. Absence of stressor4. Good premorbid adjustment4. Poor premorbid adjustment5. Catatonic subtype (Paranoid subtype has an intermediate prognosis)5. Disorganized, simple, undifferentiated, or chronic catatonic subtypes6. Short duration (< 6 months)6. Chronic course (> 2 years)7. Presence of depression7. Absence of depression8. Predominance of positive symptoms8. Predominance of negative symptoms9. Family history of mood disorder9. Family history of schizophrenia10. First episode10. Past history of schizophrenia11. Pyknic (fat) physique11. Asthenic (thin) physique12. Female sex12. Male sex13. Married13. Single, divorcedGood social supportPoor social supportPresence of confusion, perplexity, or disorientation in the acute phaseFlat or blunted affect16. Proper treatment, good treatment compliance, and good response to treatment16. Absence of proper treatment or poor response to treatment17. Outpatient treatment17. Institutionalization (long term hospitalization)18. Normal cranial CT scan18. Evidence of ventricular enlargement on cranial CT scan
| 2
|
Soft neurological signs
|
Affective symptoms
|
Emotional blunting
|
Insidious onset
|
Psychiatry
|
Schizophreniform Disorder
|
13e9f4d1-f198-41ea-80d1-ca2bee598431
|
single
|
In twin pregnancy, Vaginal delivery is contraindicated in
|
Monoamniotic twins are at a great risk of developing cord accidents like entanglement which can lead to sudden fetal death. Therefore all monoamniotic twins have to be delivered by a Cesarean sections between 32-34 weeks , after ensuring lung maturation
| 1
|
Monochorionic monoamniotic
|
First twin veex, 2nd breech
|
Second twin transverse
|
First twin Mentoanterior
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Twin Pregnancy, Molar Pregnancy, Gestational Trophoblastic disease and contraception in special situations (Sour Grapes!)
|
0216aaf7-bd27-47de-9682-247a1c3c9da7
|
single
|
Duration of T.I.A (Transient Ischemic Attacks) is less than?
|
The standard definition of TIA requires that all neurologic signs and symptoms resolve within 24 hours regardless of whether there is imaging evidence of new permanent brain injury. Stroke has occurred if the neurologic signs and symptoms last for >24 hours.
| 2
|
12 hours
|
24 hours
|
48 hours
|
36 hours
|
Medicine
|
Stroke and TIA
|
a518383c-c795-4986-bc38-70ea3d86f435
|
single
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.