metadata
language:
- kk
license: cc-by-nc-4.0
task_categories:
- text-generation
- question-answering
tags:
- kazakh
- agentic-ai
- tool-use
- function-calling
- argument-schema-mapping
- error-recovery
- retry-behavior
- multi-tool-use
- restaurant-reservation
- web-search
- llm-agents
pretty_name: Kazakh Argument Schema Mapping and Tool Error Recovery Dataset
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
dataset_info:
features:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: query
dtype: string
- name: category
dtype: string
- name: tools
list:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: mock_response
struct:
- name: account
dtype: string
- name: amount
dtype: 'null'
- name: aqi
dtype: 'null'
- name: articles
list:
- name: date
dtype: string
- name: source
dtype: string
- name: title
dtype: string
- name: url
dtype: string
- name: balance
dtype: 'null'
- name: booking_id
dtype: string
- name: booking_ref
dtype: string
- name: cart_id
dtype: string
- name: change_24h
dtype: string
- name: city
dtype: string
- name: condition
dtype: string
- name: cost
dtype: 'null'
- name: currency
dtype: string
- name: day_of_week
dtype: string
- name: delivery_estimate
dtype: string
- name: distance_km
dtype: 'null'
- name: dominant_pollutant
dtype: string
- name: download_mbps
dtype: 'null'
- name: duration_min
dtype: 'null'
- name: event
dtype: string
- name: event_id
dtype: string
- name: events
list:
- name: date
dtype: string
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: name
dtype: string
- name: tickets_available
dtype: 'null'
- name: venue
dtype: string
- name: feels_like
dtype: 'null'
- name: flights
list:
- name: airline
dtype: string
- name: arrival
dtype: string
- name: departure
dtype: string
- name: flight_no
dtype: string
- name: price_kzt
dtype: 'null'
- name: forecast
list:
- name: condition
dtype: string
- name: date
dtype: string
- name: temp_max
dtype: 'null'
- name: temp_min
dtype: 'null'
- name: formatted_address
dtype: string
- name: from
dtype: string
- name: hotel_name
dtype: string
- name: humidity
dtype: 'null'
- name: images
list:
- name: caption
dtype: string
- name: height
dtype: 'null'
- name: url
dtype: string
- name: width
dtype: 'null'
- name: iso_time
dtype: string
- name: items
list:
- name: currency
dtype: string
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: in_stock
dtype: 'null'
- name: name
dtype: string
- name: price
dtype: 'null'
- name: language
dtype: string
- name: lat
dtype: 'null'
- name: level
dtype: string
- name: link
dtype: string
- name: lon
dtype: 'null'
- name: message_id
dtype: string
- name: order_id
dtype: string
- name: original
dtype: string
- name: page_url
dtype: string
- name: ping_ms
dtype: 'null'
- name: pnr
dtype: string
- name: price
dtype: 'null'
- name: rate
dtype: 'null'
- name: recommendation
dtype: string
- name: remaining_balance
dtype: 'null'
- name: reservation_id
dtype: string
- name: restaurant
dtype: string
- name: restaurants
list:
- name: address
dtype: string
- name: cuisine
dtype: string
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: name
dtype: string
- name: rating
dtype: 'null'
- name: results
list:
- name: id
dtype: string
- name: name
dtype: string
- name: price_per_night
dtype: 'null'
- name: rating
dtype: 'null'
- name: snippet
dtype: string
- name: stars
dtype: 'null'
- name: title
dtype: string
- name: url
dtype: string
- name: route_summary
dtype: string
- name: score
dtype: 'null'
- name: seats
list: 'null'
- name: segments
dtype: 'null'
- name: sentiment
dtype: string
- name: server
dtype: string
- name: status
dtype: string
- name: summary
dtype: string
- name: symbol
dtype: string
- name: temperature
dtype: 'null'
- name: ticket_url
dtype: string
- name: time
dtype: string
- name: timestamp
dtype: string
- name: timezone
dtype: string
- name: title
dtype: string
- name: to
dtype: string
- name: total_items
dtype: 'null'
- name: total_price
dtype: 'null'
- name: traffic_condition
dtype: string
- name: trains
list:
- name: arrival
dtype: string
- name: departure
dtype: string
- name: number
dtype: string
- name: price_coupe
dtype: 'null'
- name: price_platz
dtype: 'null'
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: transaction_id
dtype: string
- name: translated
dtype: string
- name: updated
dtype: string
- name: upload_mbps
dtype: 'null'
- name: videos
list:
- name: duration
dtype: string
- name: title
dtype: string
- name: url
dtype: string
- name: views
dtype: 'null'
- name: wind_kph
dtype: 'null'
- name: name
dtype: string
- name: parameters
struct:
- name: account
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: address
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: amount
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: api_key
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: body
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: cartId
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: category
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: checkin
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: city
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: cuisine
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: currency
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: date
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: datetime
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: days
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: duration
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: eventId
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: flightId
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: from
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: from_account
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: from_lang
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: guestName
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: guests
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: hotelId
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: language
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: limit
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: location
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: message
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: mode
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: nights
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: pageToken
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: passengerName
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: paymentMethod
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: phone
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: platform
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: priceRange
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: productId
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: quantity
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: query
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: restaurantId
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: seatType
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: server
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: sort
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: subject
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: symbol
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: text
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: time
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: timezone
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: title
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: to
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: to_account
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: to_lang
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: type
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: units
struct:
- name: description
dtype: string
- name: required
dtype: bool
- name: type
dtype: string
- name: difficulty
dtype: string
- name: answers
list:
- name: arguments
dtype: string
- name: name
dtype: string
- name: turns
list:
- name: content
dtype: string
- name: meta
struct:
- name: difficulty
dtype: string
- name: plan
dtype: string
- name: tags
list: string
- name: role
dtype: string
- name: tool_call
struct:
- name: arguments
dtype: string
- name: name
dtype: string
splits:
- name: train
num_bytes: 18291766
num_examples: 4028
download_size: 3370881
dataset_size: 18291766
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/train-*
🇰🇿 Kazakh Argument Schema Mapping and Tool Error Recovery Dataset
Dataset Summary
Kazakh Argument Schema Mapping and Tool Error Recovery Dataset is a Kazakh-language dataset designed for training and evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in agentic AI workflows that require accurate argument mapping, schema-following, tool-call correction, and recovery from invalid tool calls.
The dataset contains user requests, tool schemas, expected tool calls, mock tool responses, error messages, retry behavior, and complete multi-turn interaction traces. It focuses on scenarios where an assistant must understand a user’s intent in Kazakh, map the request into valid function-call arguments, detect or respond to tool errors, revise invalid arguments, and complete the task through one or more tools.
📊 Dataset Statistics
General Metrics
| Metric | Count |
|---|---|
| Total Samples | 4,028 |
| Total Words (approx.) | 1,561,416 |
| Avg. Words per Sample | 387 |
Word Count Distribution Per Field
The following table shows the distribution of word counts across the main dataset fields.
| Field | Mean | Median | Min | Max | Total Words |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| answers | 47.3 | 41.0 | 6 | 305 | 190,620 |
| category | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1 | 1 | 4,028 |
| difficulty | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1 | 1 | 4,028 |
| id | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1 | 1 | 4,028 |
| query | 15.6 | 15.0 | 3 | 43 | 62,873 |
| tools | 85.7 | 82.0 | 24 | 159 | 345,317 |
| turns | 236.0 | 232.0 | 63 | 630 | 950,522 |
Dataset Structure
Each dataset instance represents a complete tool-augmented interaction. A sample usually includes a Kazakh user request, available tools, expected function calls, simulated tool responses, possible error messages, retry attempts, and a final assistant answer.
Data Fields
id: A unique identifier for the sample.query: The original user request in Kazakh. The query may require searching, booking, reservation, calculation, filtering, or other structured actions.category: The task category. For example,05_argument_schema_mappingindicates that the sample focuses on mapping user intent into correct tool arguments according to a given schema.tools: A list of tools available to the assistant. Each tool contains:name: the tool name;description: the tool’s purpose;parameters: the expected argument schema;mock_response: the expected response format.
difficulty: The difficulty label of the sample.answers: The target tool calls expected from the assistant. This may include initial invalid calls, corrected calls, retries, or multiple sequential calls.turns: The full conversation trajectory, including:- user request;
- assistant planning;
- tool calls;
- tool errors;
- retry attempts;
- successful tool responses;
- final answer.
Data Instance
Below is one representative example from the dataset. The sample demonstrates tool-call argument mapping, invalid argument handling, retry behavior, and final task completion. :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}
{
"id": "aliya_id_1",
"query": "Ертең кешкі сағат 19:00-де Алматыда жақсы итальяндық мейрамхана тауып, 4 адамға орын броньда.",
"category": "05_argument_schema_mapping",
"tools": [
{
"name": "web.search",
"description": "Search the web for information",
"parameters": {
"query": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Search query",
"required": true
},
"limit": {
"type": "int",
"description": "Number of results",
"required": false
}
},
"mock_response": {
"results": [
{
"title": "",
"snippet": "",
"url": ""
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "restaurant.reserve",
"description": "Make restaurant reservation",
"parameters": {
"restaurantId": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Restaurant ID",
"required": true
},
"date": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Reservation date YYYY-MM-DD",
"required": true
},
"time": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Time HH:MM",
"required": true
},
"guests": {
"type": "int",
"description": "Number of guests",
"required": true
}
},
"mock_response": {
"reservation_id": "",
"status": "",
"restaurant": "",
"time": ""
}
}
],
"difficulty": "easy",
"answers": [
{
"name": "web.search",
"arguments": "{\"query\": \"Алматыдағы үздік итальян мейрамханалары\", \"limit\": -5}"
},
{
"name": "web.search",
"arguments": "{\"query\": \"Алматыдағы үздік итальян мейрамханалары\", \"limit\": 1}"
},
{
"name": "restaurant.reserve",
"arguments": "{\"restaurantId\": \"ladolcevita_kz\", \"date\": \"2024-06-15\", \"time\": \"19:00\", \"guests\": 4}"
},
{
"name": "restaurant.reserve",
"arguments": "{\"restaurantId\": \"ladolcevita_kz\", \"date\": \"2024-06-15\", \"time\": \"19:00\", \"guests\": 4}"
}
],
"turns": [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Ертең кешкі сағат 19:00-де Алматыда жақсы итальяндық мейрамхана тауып, 4 адамға орын броньда."
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Алдымен Алматыдағы итальян мейрамханаларын іздеп, кейін бронь жасаймын.",
"meta": {
"plan": "web.search + restaurant.reserve fetching data",
"tags": [],
"difficulty": "hard"
}
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "",
"tool_call": {
"name": "web.search",
"arguments": "{\"query\": \"Алматыдағы үздік итальян мейрамханалары\", \"limit\": -5}"
}
},
{
"role": "tool",
"content": "{\"error\": true, \"type\": \"Invalid arguments\", \"message\": \"Error of limits\", \"code\": 500}"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Деректерді алуды қайталаймын",
"meta": {
"plan": "Fix arguments ..",
"tags": [
"invalid_args",
"retry"
],
"difficulty": "hard"
}
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "",
"tool_call": {
"name": "web.search",
"arguments": "{\"query\": \"Алматыдағы үздік итальян мейрамханалары\", \"limit\": 1}"
}
},
{
"role": "tool",
"content": "{\"results\": [{\"title\": \"La Dolce Vita итальян мейрамханасы\", \"snippet\": \"La Dolce Vita — Алматыдағы ең танымал итальян мейрамханаларының бірі.\", \"url\": \"https://ladolcevita.kz\"}]}"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "",
"tool_call": {
"name": "restaurant.reserve",
"arguments": "{\"restaurantId\": \"ladolcevita_kz\", \"date\": \"2024-06-15\", \"time\": \"19:00\", \"guests\": 4}"
}
},
{
"role": "tool",
"content": "{\"error\": true, \"type\": \"Invalid arguments\", \"message\": \"Error..\", \"code\": 500}"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Деректерді алуды қайталаймын",
"meta": {
"plan": "Fix arguments ..",
"tags": [
"invalid_args",
"retry"
],
"difficulty": "hard"
}
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "",
"tool_call": {
"name": "restaurant.reserve",
"arguments": "{\"restaurantId\": \"ladolcevita_kz\", \"date\": \"2024-06-15\", \"time\": \"19:00\", \"guests\": 4}"
}
},
{
"role": "tool",
"content": "{\"reservation_id\": \"ABC12345\", \"status\": \"confirmed\", \"restaurant\": \"La Dolce Vita\", \"time\": \"2024-06-15 19:00\"}"
},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Алматыдағы La Dolce Vita итальян мейрамханасынан 4 адамға 2024-06-15 күні 19:00-ге орын сәтті брондалды. (Дерек көзі: web.search + restaurant.reserve)"
}
]
},
Funding
This dataset was developed as part of the project funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under Grant No. BR24993001, “Creation of a Large Language Model (LLM) to Support the Kazakh Language and Advance Technological Development.”
Citation
If you use this dataset in your research, please cite the following article:
APA
Kadyrbek, N., Tuimebayev, Z., Mansurova, M., & Viegas, V. (2025). The development of small-scale language models for low-resource languages, with a focus on Kazakh and direct preference optimization. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 9(5), 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9050137
BibTeX
@article{kadyrbek2025development,
title = {The Development of Small-Scale Language Models for Low-Resource Languages, with a Focus on Kazakh and Direct Preference Optimization},
author = {Kadyrbek, Nurgali and Tuimebayev, Zhanseit and Mansurova, Madina and Viegas, Vitor},
journal = {Big Data and Cognitive Computing},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {137},
year = {2025},
publisher = {MDPI},
doi = {10.3390/bdcc9050137},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/9/5/137}
}