| --- |
| language: |
| - kk |
| license: cc-by-nc-4.0 |
| task_categories: |
| - text-generation |
| - question-answering |
| tags: |
| - kazakh |
| - agentic-ai |
| - tool-use |
| - function-calling |
| - exception-handling |
| - failure-handling |
| - rate-limit |
| - retry-behavior |
| - ecommerce |
| - shopping-assistant |
| - llm-agents |
| pretty_name: Kazakh Exception and Tool Failure Handling Dataset |
| size_categories: |
| - 1K<n<10K |
| dataset_info: |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: category |
| dtype: string |
| - name: query |
| dtype: string |
| - name: tools |
| list: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: mock_response |
| struct: |
| - name: account |
| dtype: string |
| - name: amount |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: articles |
| list: 'null' |
| - name: balance |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: change_24h |
| dtype: string |
| - name: city |
| dtype: string |
| - name: condition |
| dtype: string |
| - name: currency |
| dtype: string |
| - name: distance_km |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: download_mbps |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: duration_min |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: email |
| dtype: string |
| - name: events |
| list: |
| - name: date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: tickets_available |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: venue |
| dtype: string |
| - name: feels_like |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: file_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: flights |
| list: |
| - name: airline |
| dtype: string |
| - name: arrival |
| dtype: string |
| - name: departure |
| dtype: string |
| - name: flight_no |
| dtype: string |
| - name: price_kzt |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: forecast |
| list: |
| - name: condition |
| dtype: string |
| - name: date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: temp_max |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: temp_min |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: formatted_address |
| dtype: string |
| - name: from |
| dtype: string |
| - name: humidity |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: images |
| list: |
| - name: caption |
| dtype: string |
| - name: height |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: width |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: items |
| list: |
| - name: currency |
| dtype: string |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: in_stock |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: price |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: lat |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: lon |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: page_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: pagination |
| struct: |
| - name: has_more |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: next_page_token |
| dtype: string |
| - name: phone |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ping_ms |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: price |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: rate |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: remaining_balance |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: restaurants |
| list: |
| - name: address |
| dtype: string |
| - name: cuisine |
| dtype: string |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: rating |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: results |
| list: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: price_per_night |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: rating |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: snippet |
| dtype: string |
| - name: stars |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: title |
| dtype: string |
| - name: url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: route_summary |
| dtype: string |
| - name: server |
| dtype: string |
| - name: size_bytes |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: status |
| dtype: string |
| - name: summary |
| dtype: string |
| - name: symbol |
| dtype: string |
| - name: temperature |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: title |
| dtype: string |
| - name: to |
| dtype: string |
| - name: traffic_condition |
| dtype: string |
| - name: trains |
| list: |
| - name: arrival |
| dtype: string |
| - name: departure |
| dtype: string |
| - name: number |
| dtype: string |
| - name: price_coupe |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: price_platz |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: transaction_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated |
| dtype: string |
| - name: upload_mbps |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: user_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: verified |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: videos |
| list: |
| - name: duration |
| dtype: string |
| - name: title |
| dtype: string |
| - name: url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: views |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: wind_kph |
| dtype: 'null' |
| - name: name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: parameters |
| struct: |
| - name: account |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: address |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: amount |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: api_key |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: category |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: checkin |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: city |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: cuisine |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: currency |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: date |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: days |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: filename |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: from |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: from_account |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: language |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: limit |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: mode |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: nights |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: platform |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: priceRange |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: query |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: server |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: sort |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: symbol |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: to |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: to_account |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: type |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: units |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: user_id |
| struct: |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: required |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: difficulty |
| dtype: string |
| - name: answers |
| list: |
| - name: arguments |
| dtype: string |
| - name: name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: turns |
| list: |
| - name: content |
| dtype: string |
| - name: meta |
| struct: |
| - name: difficulty |
| dtype: string |
| - name: plan |
| dtype: string |
| - name: tags |
| list: string |
| - name: role |
| dtype: string |
| - name: tool_call |
| struct: |
| - name: arguments |
| dtype: string |
| - name: name |
| dtype: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 7932972 |
| num_examples: 3000 |
| download_size: 1353708 |
| dataset_size: 7932972 |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/train-* |
| --- |
| |
| # 🇰🇿 Kazakh Exception and Tool Failure Handling Dataset |
|
|
| ## Dataset Summary |
|
|
| **Kazakh Exception and Tool Failure Handling Dataset** is a Kazakh-language dataset designed for training and evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in agentic AI workflows where tool calls may fail, return errors, or require retry behavior. |
|
|
| The dataset contains user requests, available tool schemas, expected tool calls, mock tool responses, tool failure messages, retry attempts, and final assistant answers. It focuses on practical situations where an assistant must call an external tool, interpret an error response, decide whether a retry is appropriate, and then complete the task after a successful tool response. |
|
|
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## 📊 Dataset Statistics |
|
|
| ### General Metrics |
|
|
| | Metric | Count | |
| | :--- | :--- | |
| | **Total Samples** | 3,000 | |
| | **Total Words** (approx.) | 807,564 | |
| | **Avg. Words per Sample** | 269 | |
|
|
| ### Word Count Distribution Per Field |
|
|
| The following table details the distribution of word counts across different fields in the dataset. |
|
|
| | Field | Mean | Median | Min | Max | Total Words | |
| | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | |
| | **answers** | 23.7 | 24.0 | 8 | 42 | 71,094 | |
| | **category** | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1 | 1 | 3,000 | |
| | **difficulty** | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1 | 1 | 3,000 | |
| | **id** | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1 | 1 | 3,000 | |
| | **query** | 8.0 | 7.0 | 3 | 20 | 23,880 | |
| | **tools** | 38.2 | 37.0 | 26 | 56 | 114,534 | |
| | **turns** | 196.4 | 195.0 | 115 | 383 | 589,056 | |
|
|
|
|
|  |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Dataset Structure |
|
|
| Each dataset instance represents a complete tool-use scenario with possible failure and recovery. A sample usually includes a Kazakh user request, the available tool schema, the expected tool calls, one or more mock tool responses, and the final assistant answer. |
|
|
| ### Data Fields |
|
|
| - **`id`**: A unique identifier for the sample. |
|
|
| - **`category`**: The task category. For example, `08_exception_failure_handling` indicates that the sample focuses on tool exceptions, API failure handling, and retry behavior. |
|
|
| - **`query`**: The original user request in Kazakh. The query may involve search, shopping, service lookup, or another tool-based task. |
|
|
| - **`tools`**: A list of tools available to the assistant. Each tool contains: |
| - `name`: the tool name; |
| - `description`: the tool’s purpose; |
| - `parameters`: the expected argument schema; |
| - `mock_response`: the expected response structure. |
|
|
| - **`difficulty`**: The difficulty label of the sample. |
|
|
| - **`answers`**: The expected tool calls. In failure-handling scenarios, this field may include repeated or corrected tool calls after an initial error. |
|
|
| - **`turns`**: The complete interaction trajectory, including: |
| - user request; |
| - assistant planning; |
| - initial tool call; |
| - tool error response; |
| - assistant retry decision; |
| - retry tool call; |
| - successful tool output; |
| - final user-facing answer. |
|
|
| --- |
|
|
| ## Data Instance |
|
|
| Below is one representative example from the dataset. |
|
|
| ```json |
| { |
| "id": "kk_08_exception_failure_handling_0001_0001", |
| "category": "08_exception_failure_handling", |
| "query": "Жазғы киімдерді қарастыруға бола ма?", |
| "tools": [ |
| { |
| "name": "shop.search", |
| "description": "Search products in online store", |
| "parameters": { |
| "query": { |
| "type": "string", |
| "description": "Product search query", |
| "required": true |
| }, |
| "category": { |
| "type": "string", |
| "description": "Product category", |
| "required": false |
| }, |
| "sort": { |
| "type": "string", |
| "description": "price_low, price_high, rating", |
| "required": false |
| } |
| }, |
| "mock_response": { |
| "items": [ |
| { |
| "id": "", |
| "name": "", |
| "price": null, |
| "currency": "", |
| "in_stock": null |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| } |
| ], |
| "difficulty": "hard", |
| "answers": [ |
| { |
| "name": "shop.search", |
| "arguments": "{\"query\": \"жазғы киім\", \"category\": \"clothing\", \"sort\": \"price_low\"}" |
| }, |
| { |
| "name": "shop.search", |
| "arguments": "{\"query\": \"жазғы киім\", \"category\": \"clothing\", \"sort\": \"price_low\"}" |
| } |
| ], |
| "turns": [ |
| { |
| "role": "user", |
| "content": "Жазғы киімдерді қарастыруға бола ма?" |
| }, |
| { |
| "role": "assistant", |
| "content": "Алдымен жазғы киімдер бойынша іздеу жүргіземін.", |
| "meta": { |
| "plan": "I will start by searching for summer clothes.", |
| "tags": [], |
| "difficulty": "hard" |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "role": "assistant", |
| "tool_call": { |
| "name": "shop.search", |
| "arguments": "{\"query\": \"жазғы киім\", \"category\": \"clothing\", \"sort\": \"price_low\"}" |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "role": "tool", |
| "content": "{\"error\": true, \"type\": \"RateLimitExceeded\", \"message\": \"Too many requests\", \"code\": 429, \"retry_after\": 60}" |
| }, |
| { |
| "role": "assistant", |
| "content": "Сұраулар саны шектелді, сондықтан қайтадан іздеуді жалғастырамын.", |
| "meta": { |
| "plan": "I encountered a limit on the number of queries, so I will retry the search.", |
| "tags": [ |
| "rate_limited", |
| "retry" |
| ], |
| "difficulty": "hard" |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "role": "assistant", |
| "tool_call": { |
| "name": "shop.search", |
| "arguments": "{\"query\": \"жазғы киім\", \"category\": \"clothing\", \"sort\": \"price_low\"}" |
| } |
| }, |
| { |
| "role": "tool", |
| "content": "{\"items\": [{\"id\": \"PROD-9249\", \"name\": \"жазғы киім 1\", \"price\": 10000, \"currency\": \"KZT\", \"in_stock\": true}, {\"id\": \"PROD-4632\", \"name\": \"жазғы киім 2\", \"price\": 25000, \"currency\": \"KZT\", \"in_stock\": true}, {\"id\": \"PROD-8953\", \"name\": \"жазғы киім 3\", \"price\": 10000, \"currency\": \"KZT\", \"in_stock\": true}]}" |
| }, |
| { |
| "role": "assistant", |
| "content": "Міне, жазғы киімдер тізімі: 1. жазғы киім 1, бағасы 10000 KZT, қолжетімді. 2. жазғы киім 2, бағасы 25000 KZT, қолжетімді. 3. жазғы киім 3, бағасы 10000 KZT, қолжетімді. (Дерек көзі: shop.search)" |
| } |
| ] |
| }, |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Funding |
|
|
| This dataset was developed as part of the project funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under Grant No. BR24993001, “Creation of a Large Language Model (LLM) to Support the Kazakh Language and Advance Technological Development.” |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| If you use this dataset in your research, please cite the following article: |
|
|
| ### APA |
|
|
| Kadyrbek, N., Tuimebayev, Z., Mansurova, M., & Viegas, V. (2025). The development of small-scale language models for low-resource languages, with a focus on Kazakh and direct preference optimization. *Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 9*(5), 137. [https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9050137](https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9050137) |
|
|
| ### BibTeX |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @article{kadyrbek2025development, |
| title = {The Development of Small-Scale Language Models for Low-Resource Languages, with a Focus on Kazakh and Direct Preference Optimization}, |
| author = {Kadyrbek, Nurgali and Tuimebayev, Zhanseit and Mansurova, Madina and Viegas, Vitor}, |
| journal = {Big Data and Cognitive Computing}, |
| volume = {9}, |
| number = {5}, |
| pages = {137}, |
| year = {2025}, |
| publisher = {MDPI}, |
| doi = {10.3390/bdcc9050137}, |
| url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/9/5/137} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
