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values | flammabilityClass stringclasses 3
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values | via stringclasses 2
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values | score stringlengths 30 75 ⌀ | plantPart stringclasses 5
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
abelia-floribunda | Abelia floribunda | Vesalea floribunda | Caprifoliaceae | shrub | fire-resistant | consensus | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelia-floribunda/ | gva-valencia | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/gva-valencia/ | null | null | recommend | recommended low-flammability species (shrubs, garden column) | null | especies recomendadas | null | null | null | null | 2019 | null | https://www.leliana.es/sites/www.leliana.es/files/files/Jardineria%20de%20baja%20inflamabilidad.pdf | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abelia-floribunda | Abelia floribunda | Vesalea floribunda | Caprifoliaceae | shrub | fire-resistant | consensus | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelia-floribunda/ | girona-pirojardineria-2020 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/girona-pirojardineria-2020/ | null | null | recommend | RECOMENDADA | Abelia floribunda is rated “RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience. | null | null | null | null | {"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"} | 2020 Spanish edition | 2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abelia-grandiflora | Abelia grandiflora | Abelia chinensis | Caprifoliaceae | shrub | mixed-evidence | disputed | conflict | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelia-grandiflora/ | fps-eastern-us | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/fps-eastern-us/ | null | null | mixed | MODERATELY Firewise (2) | Leaves persist throughout winter increasing flammability. | null | null | null | null | {"value":"LZ2","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"} | 2016-wayback | null | null | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abelia-grandiflora | Abelia grandiflora | Abelia chinensis | Caprifoliaceae | shrub | mixed-evidence | disputed | conflict | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelia-grandiflora/ | long-2006-srs | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/long-2006-srs/ | null | null | mixed | Moderate flammability (whole-plant burns, NIST BFRL) | null | null | null | whole-plant | null | null | 2006 | null | https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_long004.pdf | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abelia-grandiflora | Abelia grandiflora | Abelia chinensis | Caprifoliaceae | shrub | mixed-evidence | disputed | conflict | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelia-grandiflora/ | osu-b921 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/osu-b921/ | null | null | avoid | H flammability | Marginally cold hardy; adapts to various growing conditions. | null | null | null | null | {"value":"do not plant within 5 ft of structures (keep out of Zone 1)","scheme":"b921-siting"} | 2006 | null | http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abelia-grandiflora | Abelia grandiflora | Abelia chinensis | Caprifoliaceae | shrub | mixed-evidence | disputed | conflict | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelia-grandiflora/ | va-firescapes | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/va-firescapes/ | null | null | avoid | H flammability | Adapts to many growing conditions. | null | null | null | null | null | 2009 | null | http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abelia-grandiflora | Abelia grandiflora | Abelia chinensis | Caprifoliaceae | shrub | mixed-evidence | disputed | conflict | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelia-grandiflora/ | firesmart-bc | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/firesmart-bc/ | null | null | recommend | FireSmart-approved fire-resistant plant | Flagged by FireSmart BC as needing more research. | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | https://firesmartbc.ca/landscaping-hub/fire-resistant-plants/ | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abelia-grandiflora | Abelia grandiflora | Abelia chinensis | Caprifoliaceae | shrub | mixed-evidence | disputed | conflict | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelia-grandiflora/ | girona-pirojardineria-2020 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/girona-pirojardineria-2020/ | null | null | recommend | RECOMENDADA | Abelia x grandiflora is rated “RECOMENDADA” by the guide's qualitative IUF garden-suitability method. The method assumes species-specific care and integrates fire evidence with fuel structure, maintenance, origin, invasiveness, and expert fire-service experience. | null | null | null | null | {"value":"suitable inside or outside the 25-metre maximum-risk zone","scheme":"girona-2020-iuf-25m-suitability"} | 2020 Spanish edition | 2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc_forestal/publicacions_tecniques_i_normativa/guies_tecniques/prevencio_i_extincio/2020_Guia_de_pirojardineria_es.pdf | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abelia-grandiflora | Abelia grandiflora | Abelia chinensis | Caprifoliaceae | shrub | mixed-evidence | disputed | conflict | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelia-grandiflora/ | sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/sun-city-tx-firewise-plant-guide-2015/ | null | null | mixed | medium | The table rates Abelia — Abelia grandiflora; Abelia, Glossy — Abelia grandiflora medium for flammability hazard, defined as the ease a plant can burn at high temperatures for a prolonged time. | null | null | whole-plant | null | {"value":"Shrubs","scheme":"Sun City plant-table sections"} | updated January 14, 2015 | 2015-01-14T00:00:00.000Z | http://web.archive.org/web/20250114065810/https://www.sariverauthority.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/FIREWISE-PLANT-LIST-Sun-City.pdf | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abelia-grandiflora | Abelia grandiflora | Abelia chinensis | Caprifoliaceae | shrub | mixed-evidence | disputed | conflict | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelia-grandiflora/ | canberra-plant-selector | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/canberra-plant-selector/ | null | null | recommend | Fire Retardant — Yes — Abelia x grandiflora | The live Canberra Plant Selector marks “Abelia x grandiflora” as “Fire Retardant: Yes.” | null | null | whole-plant | null | {"value":"filtered result page 1","scheme":"canberra-selector"} | live tool capture 2026-08-25 | null | https://plantselector.com.au/browse-plants/?fire_retardant%5B0%5D=1 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abelia | Abelia sp. | Abelia | Caprifoliaceae | shrub | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelia/ | yavapai-34 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/yavapai-34/ | null | null | recommend | Fire-Resistant Plants | Listed as Abelia — Abelia sp.. The bulletin says fire-resistant plants tend to resist ignition when irrigated and maintained, while fire-prone plants may ignite readily and burn intensely. | null | null | whole-plant | null | null | v1.2 | 2025-03-14T00:00:00.000Z | https://www.extension.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/2025-03/FirewisePlants3-14-2025.pdf | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abeliophyllum-distichum | Abeliophyllum distichum | Abeliophyllum distichum | Oleaceae | shrub | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abeliophyllum-distichum/ | pnw-590 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/pnw-590/ | null | null | recommend | listed fire-resistant | null | null | null | null | null | null | 2023 | 2023-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pub/pnw-590-fire-resistant-plants-home-landscapes | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abeliophyllum-distichum | Abeliophyllum distichum | Abeliophyllum distichum | Oleaceae | shrub | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abeliophyllum-distichum/ | idaho-firewise-master-db | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/idaho-firewise-master-db/ | null | null | mixed | fire-resistance score 6 of 10 | null | null | {"value":6,"scale":"idaho-0-10"} | null | null | {"value":"plantable at 50' from home","scheme":"idaho-distance"} | null | null | https://idahofirewise.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FireXResistanceXofXPlantsXMasterXDatabase.pdf | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abeliophyllum-distichum | Abeliophyllum distichum | Abeliophyllum distichum | Oleaceae | shrub | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abeliophyllum-distichum/ | osu-plant-profile-galleries | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/osu-plant-profile-galleries/ | null | null | recommend | Choose the right shrubs for your fire-resistant landscape | The White forsythia profile prints Abeliophyllum distichum. The gallery points to PNW 590 for complete details. | null | null | whole-plant | null | {"value":"White forsythia — Abeliophyllum distichum","scheme":"osu-2023-shrubs-gallery"} | November 2023 educational gallery | 2023-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | https://extension.oregonstate.edu/gallery/fire-resistant-plant-profiles-shrubs | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abelmoschus-manihot | Abelmoschus manihot | Abelmoschus manihot | Malvaceae | perennial | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelmoschus-manihot/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Pacheco2022 | null | not-rated | maximum flame temperature (°C): 577.15 | FLAMITS record 16357; Combustibility measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Pacheco2022-1; sampling october to november 2022. Primary study Pacheco2022: Pacheco, A. S., Goodman, H. D., Hankenson, L., Fisk, J. J., Ortiz, A., Marinace, H. M., ... Tng, D. Y. P. (2022). Fighting fire... | null | {"value":577.15,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"} | shoot | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abelmoschus-manihot | Abelmoschus manihot | Abelmoschus manihot | Malvaceae | perennial | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelmoschus-manihot/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Pacheco2022 | null | not-rated | burning duration (s): 1.75 | FLAMITS record 16358; Sustainability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Pacheco2022-1; sampling october to november 2022. Primary study Pacheco2022: Pacheco, A. S., Goodman, H. D., Hankenson, L., Fisk, J. J., Ortiz, A., Marinace, H. M., ... Tng, D. Y. P. (2022). Fighting fire... | null | {"value":1.75,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"} | shoot | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abelmoschus-manihot | Abelmoschus manihot | Abelmoschus manihot | Malvaceae | perennial | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abelmoschus-manihot/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Pacheco2022 | null | not-rated | estimated burnt biomass (%): 4 | FLAMITS record 16359; Consumability measurement; plant part branches; fuel all; predrying yes; device grill; site Pacheco2022-1; sampling october to november 2022. Primary study Pacheco2022: Pacheco, A. S., Goodman, H. D., Hankenson, L., Fisk, J. J., Ortiz, A., Marinace, H. M., ... Tng, D. Y. P. (2022). Fighting fire ... | null | {"value":4,"scale":"FLAMITS — estimated burnt biomass (%)"} | shoot | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Dimitrakopoulos2011 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 26.31 | FLAMITS record 2979; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dimitrakopoulos2011-1; sampling summer. Primary study Dimitrakopoulos2011: Dimitrakopoulos, A. P., Mitsopoulos, I. D., & Kaliva, A. (2011). Short communication. Comparing flammability traits among fire-st... | null | {"value":26.31,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Dimitrakopoulos2011 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 4527.48 | FLAMITS record 2989; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dimitrakopoulos2011-1; sampling summer. Primary study Dimitrakopoulos2011: Dimitrakopoulos, A. P., Mitsopoulos, I. D., & Kaliva, A. (2011). Short communication. Comparing flammability traits among fire-... | null | {"value":4527.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Dimitrakopoulos2011 | null | not-rated | temperature at flaming (°C): 242.5 | FLAMITS record 2999; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Dimitrakopoulos2011-1; sampling summer. Primary study Dimitrakopoulos2011: Dimitrakopoulos, A. P., Mitsopoulos, I. D., & Kaliva, A. (2011). Short communication. Comparing flammability traits among fire-st... | null | {"value":242.5,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 55 | FLAMITS record 19258; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":55,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 16 | FLAMITS record 19260; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":16,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 11 | FLAMITS record 19262; Ignitability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":11,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | flaming duration (s): 1252 | FLAMITS record 19264; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":1252,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | flaming duration (s): 1199 | FLAMITS record 19266; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":1199,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | flaming duration (s): 452 | FLAMITS record 19268; Sustainability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":452,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 18875.99 | FLAMITS record 19270; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":18875.99,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 18844.94 | FLAMITS record 19272; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":18844.94,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 18954.81 | FLAMITS record 19274; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":18954.81,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | energy flux (kW/m²): 164.73 | FLAMITS record 19276; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":164.73,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | energy flux (kW/m²): 170.09 | FLAMITS record 19278; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":170.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | energy flux (kW/m²): 242.26 | FLAMITS record 19280; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":242.26,"scale":"FLAMITS — energy flux (kW/m²)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | mass loss rate (g/s): 0.21 | FLAMITS record 19282; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":0.21,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | mass loss rate (g/s): 0.18 | FLAMITS record 19284; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":0.18,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | mass loss rate (g/s): 0.26 | FLAMITS record 19286; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":0.26,"scale":"FLAMITS — mass loss rate (g/s)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | burnt biomass (%): 83.49 | FLAMITS record 19288; Consumability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":83.49,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | burnt biomass (%): 81.87 | FLAMITS record 19290; Consumability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":81.87,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Protic2020 | null | not-rated | burnt biomass (%): 84.44 | FLAMITS record 19292; Consumability measurement; plant part wood; fuel dead; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Protic2020-1; sampling ND. Primary study Protic2020: Proti?, M., Mii?, N., Raos, M., & Sekuli?, S. (2020). Solid wood flammability testing. Safety Engineering, 10, 912. | null | {"value":84.44,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-alba | Abies alba | Abies alba | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-alba/ | greece-property-fire-regulation-2023 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/greece-property-fire-regulation-2023/ | null | null | avoid | ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΑ ΕΥΦΛΕΚΤΑ ΕΝΔΗΜΙΚΑ ΦΥΤΑ — Abies alba | The regulation prints this taxon in its table of particularly flammable endemic trees and shrubs. | null | null | whole-plant | null | {"value":"section 5.4.2, Table 2δi","scheme":"greece-2023-particularly-flammable"} | FEK B 3475/2023 | 2023-05-24T00:00:00.000Z | https://www.elinyae.gr/ethniki-nomothesia/ya-oik-ypendaoka5590420192023-fek-3475b-2452023 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-amabilis | Abies amabilis | Abies amabilis | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-amabilis/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Zhang2022 | null | not-rated | maximum flame temperature (°C): 305.556 | FLAMITS record 15543; Combustibility measurement; plant part whole plant; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Zhang2022-1; sampling january and march 2011. Primary study Zhang2022: Zhang, S., Cornwell, W. K., Zhao, W., van Logtestijn, R. S., Krab, E. J., Aerts, R., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2022). Experimen... | null | {"value":305.556,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum flame temperature (°C)"} | whole-plant | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-amabilis | Abies amabilis | Abies amabilis | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-amabilis/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Zhang2022 | null | not-rated | flaming duration (s): 3.3 | FLAMITS record 15584; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device burning bench; site Zhang2022-1; sampling january and march 2011. Primary study Zhang2022: Zhang, S., Cornwell, W. K., Zhao, W., van Logtestijn, R. S., Krab, E. J., Aerts, R., & Cornelissen, J. H. (2022). Experimental e... | null | {"value":3.3,"scale":"FLAMITS — flaming duration (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-balsamea | Abies balsamea | Abies balsamea | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-balsamea/ | fps-eastern-us | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/fps-eastern-us/ | null | null | mixed | AT RISK Firewise (3) | Grows best in non-landscape locations. | null | null | null | null | {"value":"LZ4","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"} | 2016-wayback | null | null | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-balsamea | Abies balsamea | Abies balsamea | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-balsamea/ | osu-b921 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/osu-b921/ | null | null | avoid | H flammability | Use Canaan fir; more tolerant of moist soils than other firs; Christmas tree. | null | null | null | null | {"value":"keep 30 ft from the home (Zone 3)","scheme":"b921-siting"} | 2006 | null | http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-balsamea | Abies balsamea | Abies balsamea | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-balsamea/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Hough1969 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 5060 | FLAMITS record 5030; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-3; sampling june. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agricultur... | null | {"value":5060,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-balsamea | Abies balsamea | Abies balsamea | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-balsamea/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Hough1969 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 5040 | FLAMITS record 5031; Combustibility measurement; plant part twigs; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Hough1969-3; sampling june. Primary study Hough1969: Hough, W. A. (1969). Caloric Value of Some Forest Fuels of the Southern United States. Res. Note SE-120. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture... | null | {"value":5040,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | shoot | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-balsamea | Abies balsamea | Abies balsamea | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-balsamea/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | White1997 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 137 | FLAMITS record 14105; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conferenc... | null | {"value":137,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-balsamea | Abies balsamea | Abies balsamea | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-balsamea/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | White1997 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 87 | FLAMITS record 14106; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international conferenc... | null | {"value":87,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-balsamea | Abies balsamea | Abies balsamea | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-balsamea/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | White1997 | null | not-rated | maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 146.4 | FLAMITS record 14116; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international confere... | null | {"value":146.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-balsamea | Abies balsamea | Abies balsamea | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-balsamea/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | White1997 | null | not-rated | maximum energy flux (kW/m²): 141.2 | FLAMITS record 14117; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international confere... | null | {"value":141.2,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy flux (kW/m²)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-balsamea | Abies balsamea | Abies balsamea | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-balsamea/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | White1997 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 2507 | FLAMITS record 14127; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international confere... | null | {"value":2507,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-balsamea | Abies balsamea | Abies balsamea | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-balsamea/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | White1997 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 2412 | FLAMITS record 14128; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site White1997-1; sampling spring. Primary study White1997: White, R. H., DeMars, D., & Bishop, M. (1997). Flammability of Christmas trees and other vegetation. Proceedings of the 24th international confere... | null | {"value":2412,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-borisii-regis | Abies borisii-regis | Abies borisii-regis | Pinaceae | tree | mixed-evidence | limited-evidence | candidate | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-borisii-regis/ | greece-property-fire-regulation-2023 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/greece-property-fire-regulation-2023/ | null | null | avoid | ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΑ ΕΥΦΛΕΚΤΑ ΕΝΔΗΜΙΚΑ ΦΥΤΑ — Abies borisii regis | The regulation prints this taxon in its table of particularly flammable endemic trees and shrubs. Printed-name correction used for exact matching: Abies borisii regis -> Abies borisii-regis. | null | null | whole-plant | null | {"value":"section 5.4.2, Table 2δi","scheme":"greece-2023-particularly-flammable"} | FEK B 3475/2023 | 2023-05-24T00:00:00.000Z | https://www.elinyae.gr/ethniki-nomothesia/ya-oik-ypendaoka5590420192023-fek-3475b-2452023 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-bracteata | Abies bracteata | Abies bracteata | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-bracteata/ | fenz-low-flammability | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/fenz-low-flammability/ | null | null | avoid | High flammability | High flammability classification. | null | null | shoot | null | null | 2026 | null | https://www.checkitsalright.nz/reduce-your-risk/low-flammability-plants | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | valette-1990 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/valette-1990/ | null | null | recommend | INRA inflammability note 2 of 5 (July-September maximum) | Monthly inflammability notes May-April: 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 (epiradiator tests, INRA Avignon). | modérément inflammable | {"value":2,"scale":"inra-0-5"} | shoot | null | null | 1990 | null | https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03426210 | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 4946.22 | FLAMITS record 6549; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 6... | null | {"value":4946.22,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 53 | FLAMITS record 6639; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":53,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 47 | FLAMITS record 6640; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":47,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 31 | FLAMITS record 6641; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":31,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 26 | FLAMITS record 6642; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":26,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 27 | FLAMITS record 6643; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":27,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 20 | FLAMITS record 6644; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":20,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 15 | FLAMITS record 6645; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":15,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 13 | FLAMITS record 6646; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":13,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 13 | FLAMITS record 6647; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":13,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 12 | FLAMITS record 6648; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":12,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 9 | FLAMITS record 6649; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 7 | FLAMITS record 6650; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device muffle furnace; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ... | null | {"value":7,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | burnt biomass (%): 68.69 | FLAMITS record 6667; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetr... | null | {"value":68.69,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Liodakis2002 | null | not-rated | burnt biomass (%): 72.43 | FLAMITS record 6674; Consumability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device thermal analyzer; site Liodakis2002-2; sampling january. Primary study Liodakis2002: Liodakis, S., Bakirtzis, D., & Lois, E. (2002). TG and autoignition studies on forest fuels. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetr... | null | {"value":72.43,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Ntoufas2016 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 4600 | FLAMITS record 9756; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Ntoufas2016-1; sampling february. Primary study Ntoufas2016: Ntoufas, I., Liodakis, S., & Tzamtzis, N. (2016). The effect of the extractable components of euro-mediterranean vegetation species to the co... | null | {"value":4600,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Ntoufas2016 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 4950 | FLAMITS record 9759; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device calorimeter; site Ntoufas2016-1; sampling february. Primary study Ntoufas2016: Ntoufas, I., Liodakis, S., & Tzamtzis, N. (2016). The effect of the extractable components of euro-mediterranean vegetation species to the co... | null | {"value":4950,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Ntoufas2016 | null | not-rated | temperature at flaming (°C): 164.24 | FLAMITS record 9762; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Ntoufas2016-1; sampling february. Primary study Ntoufas2016: Ntoufas, I., Liodakis, S., & Tzamtzis, N. (2016). The effect of the extractable components of euro-mediterranean vegetation species to the... | null | {"value":164.24,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Ntoufas2016 | null | not-rated | temperature at flaming (°C): 165.42 | FLAMITS record 9765; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Ntoufas2016-1; sampling february. Primary study Ntoufas2016: Ntoufas, I., Liodakis, S., & Tzamtzis, N. (2016). The effect of the extractable components of euro-mediterranean vegetation species to the... | null | {"value":165.42,"scale":"FLAMITS — temperature at flaming (°C)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Ntoufas2016 | null | not-rated | burning duration (s): 362.4 | FLAMITS record 9768; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Ntoufas2016-1; sampling february. Primary study Ntoufas2016: Ntoufas, I., Liodakis, S., & Tzamtzis, N. (2016). The effect of the extractable components of euro-mediterranean vegetation species to t... | null | {"value":362.4,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Ntoufas2016 | null | not-rated | burning duration (s): 486.6 | FLAMITS record 9771; Sustainability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device thermal analyzer; site Ntoufas2016-1; sampling february. Primary study Ntoufas2016: Ntoufas, I., Liodakis, S., & Tzamtzis, N. (2016). The effect of the extractable components of euro-mediterranean vegetation species to t... | null | {"value":486.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Valette1990 | null | not-rated | flammability value: 0 | FLAMITS record 13355; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Valette1990-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Valette1990: Valette, J.-C. (1990). Flammabilities of Mediterranean forest species. Effects on the combustibility of the forest communities inflam... | null | {"value":0,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Valette1990 | null | not-rated | flammability value: 2 | FLAMITS record 13356; Ignitability measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying no; device epiradiator; site Valette1990-1; sampling june to september. Primary study Valette1990: Valette, J.-C. (1990). Flammabilities of Mediterranean forest species. Effects on the combustibility of the forest communities inflam... | null | {"value":2,"scale":"FLAMITS — flammability value"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Abies cephalonica | Pinaceae | tree | fire-resistant | limited-evidence | on-list | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-cephalonica/ | greece-property-fire-regulation-2023 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/greece-property-fire-regulation-2023/ | null | null | avoid | ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΑ ΕΥΦΛΕΚΤΑ ΕΝΔΗΜΙΚΑ ΦΥΤΑ — Abies cephalonica | The regulation prints this taxon in its table of particularly flammable endemic trees and shrubs. | null | null | whole-plant | null | {"value":"section 5.4.2, Table 2δi","scheme":"greece-2023-particularly-flammable"} | FEK B 3475/2023 | 2023-05-24T00:00:00.000Z | https://www.elinyae.gr/ethniki-nomothesia/ya-oik-ypendaoka5590420192023-fek-3475b-2452023 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | fps-eastern-us | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/fps-eastern-us/ | null | null | mixed | AT RISK Firewise (3) | Most tolerant of urban conditions than all firs, resin blisters found on bark can be very flammable. | null | null | null | null | {"value":"LZ4","scheme":"fps-landscape-zone"} | 2016-wayback | null | null | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | osu-b921 | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/osu-b921/ | null | null | avoid | H flammability | Variable urban tolerance; heat intolerant; intolerant of moisture excess. | null | null | null | null | {"value":"keep 30 ft from the home (Zone 3)","scheme":"b921-siting"} | 2006 | null | http://web.archive.org/web/20070714035936/http://www.firewise.org/usa/files/ohio_plantlist.pdf | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | va-firescapes | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/va-firescapes/ | null | null | avoid | H flammability | Tolerates urban conditions in cooler regions. | null | null | null | null | null | 2009 | null | http://web.archive.org/web/20090709143736/http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-300/430-300.pdf | 2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | white-etal-2002-cone-update | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/white-etal-2002-cone-update/ | null | null | mixed | Measured; not in an author-named high or low relative-flammability group | Table 4 reports 113% foliage moisture, green-sample PHRR 140 kW/m2, and dry-sample EHOC 17.8 MJ/kg. | null | {"value":140,"scale":"green-PHRR-kW-m2"} | shoot | green | null | 2002 | 2002-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | https://research.fs.usda.gov/download/treesearch/8596.pdf | 2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | nv-forestry-tahoe-landscaping-guide | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/nv-forestry-tahoe-landscaping-guide/ | null | null | avoid | high — Fir, white — Abies concolor | Table 1's Fire Hazard column prints “high” for this taxon. The guide calls the rating a rough estimate of potential flammability, not a result of scientific trials. Its footnote says plants that turn brown often become high fire hazards and tells readers to mow grasses and forbs when they begin to turn brown. | null | null | whole-plant | null | {"value":"Fire Hazard column: high","scheme":"tahoe-guide-2006"} | Bulletin 06-01 (2006) | 2006-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | https://forestry.nv.gov/uploads/missions/20210304_AMT_2006_Home_Landscaping_Guide_Lake_Tahoe.pdf | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Belcher2016 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 6.6 | FLAMITS record 598; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Belcher2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Belcher2016: Belcher, C. M. (2016). The influence of leaf morphology on litter flammability and its utility for interpreting palaeofire. Philosophical Transactions... | null | {"value":6.6,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | litter | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Belcher2016 | null | not-rated | burning duration (s): 78.81 | FLAMITS record 613; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Belcher2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Belcher2016: Belcher, C. M. (2016). The influence of leaf morphology on litter flammability and its utility for interpreting palaeofire. Philosophical Transactio... | null | {"value":78.81,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"} | litter | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Belcher2016 | null | not-rated | maximum energy release rate (kW): 3.92 | FLAMITS record 628; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Belcher2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Belcher2016: Belcher, C. M. (2016). The influence of leaf morphology on litter flammability and its utility for interpreting palaeofire. Philosophical Transactio... | null | {"value":3.92,"scale":"FLAMITS — maximum energy release rate (kW)"} | litter | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | Belcher2016 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 2593.21 | FLAMITS record 643; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site Belcher2016-1; sampling ND. Primary study Belcher2016: Belcher, C. M. (2016). The influence of leaf morphology on litter flammability and its utility for interpreting palaeofire. Philosophical Transactio... | null | {"value":2593.21,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | litter | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | deMagalhaes2012 | null | not-rated | time to flaming (s): 1.9 | FLAMITS record 2628; Ignitability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a tem... | null | {"value":1.9,"scale":"FLAMITS — time to flaming (s)"} | litter | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | deMagalhaes2012 | null | not-rated | burning duration (s): 830.7 | FLAMITS record 2636; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a t... | null | {"value":830.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — burning duration (s)"} | litter | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | deMagalhaes2012 | null | not-rated | rate of burning spread (cm/s): 0.21 | FLAMITS record 2644; Sustainability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a t... | null | {"value":0.21,"scale":"FLAMITS — rate of burning spread (cm/s)"} | litter | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | deMagalhaes2012 | null | not-rated | flame height (cm): 77.33 | FLAMITS record 2652; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a t... | null | {"value":77.33,"scale":"FLAMITS — flame height (cm)"} | litter | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | deMagalhaes2012 | null | not-rated | burnt biomass (%): 94 | FLAMITS record 2660; Consumability measurement; plant part litter; fuel all; predrying no; device burning bench; site deMagalhaes2012-1; sampling summer. Primary study deMagalhaes2012: De Magalhães, R. M. Q., & Schwilk, D. W. (2012). Leaf traits and litter flammability: evidence for non-additive mixture effects in a te... | null | {"value":94,"scale":"FLAMITS — burnt biomass (%)"} | litter | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | vanWagtendonk1998 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 1344.7 | FLAMITS record 13399; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journa... | null | {"value":1344.7,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | vanWagtendonk1998 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 972.1 | FLAMITS record 13400; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journa... | null | {"value":972.1,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | litter | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | vanWagtendonk1998 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 4934.56 | FLAMITS record 13401; Combustibility measurement; plant part leaves; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journa... | null | {"value":4934.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | leaf | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | vanWagtendonk1998 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 5032.48 | FLAMITS record 13402; Combustibility measurement; plant part litter; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journa... | null | {"value":5032.48,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | litter | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | vanWagtendonk1998 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 4891.56 | FLAMITS record 13475; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal ... | null | {"value":4891.56,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | vanWagtendonk1998 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 4827.08 | FLAMITS record 13476; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal ... | null | {"value":4827.08,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | vanWagtendonk1998 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 5073.09 | FLAMITS record 13477; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal ... | null | {"value":5073.09,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
abies-concolor | Abies concolor | Abies concolor | Pinaceae | tree | highly-flammable | limited-evidence | avoid | https://fireapproved.com/plants/abies-concolor/ | flamits | https://fireapproved.com/plants/source/flamits/ | vanWagtendonk1998 | null | not-rated | calorific value (kcal/kg): 4917.84 | FLAMITS record 13478; Combustibility measurement; plant part wood; fuel live; predrying yes; device calorimeter; site vanWagtendonk1998-1; sampling ND. Primary study vanWagtendonk1998: Van Wagdendonk, J., Sydoriak, W. M., & Benedict, J. M. (1998). Heat content variation of Sierra Nevada conifers. International Journal ... | null | {"value":4917.84,"scale":"FLAMITS — calorific value (kcal/kg)"} | null | null | null | Dryad version 9 | 2023-12-22T00:00:00.000Z | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931zr3 | 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
FireApproved.com plant flammability evidence directory
Structured plant-flammability evidence from FireApproved.com, a citation directory for wildfire-resistant construction and plants. The site issues no ratings of its own. Every status is computed from cited evidence.
- 3,801 plant records / 26,878 evidence rows, plus the 112-source registry those rows are attributed to.
- Each row keeps the source's own wording, the edition, and the date the document was read. Classifications are computed by a published rule (lineage, not row count; direct fire evidence is never silently outvoted by curation).
croissant.jsonis Croissant 1.1, validated withmlcroissant.- Canonical: https://fireapproved.com/plants/ — the
.jsonreplaces the page's trailing slash, so/plants/{id}/is JSON at/plants/{id}.json. - Snapshot: https://github.com/grysngrhm-tech/fireapproved-data/releases/tag/v2026.08.25
- Coverage: source documents dated 1968 through 2026-08-25 (23,103 of 26,878 rows carry a document date). 112 sources in the United States, Europe, the Mediterranean, Australia, New Zealand, South America, and other named regions. Not a global flora census.
- Methodology: https://fireapproved.com/methodology
Citation: FireApproved.com (2026). Plant flammability evidence directory [Data set]. https://fireapproved.com/plants/ — CC BY 4.0. Photo fields are metadata only; images are not included and are not CC BY.
This is one of two FireApproved.com datasets. The materials census is
a separate repo (osfm-bml-censuses). The 5-row ORSC R327 table is
not posted standalone.
Dataset viewer
The Hub viewer is pinned to the two CSVs (evidence and sources).
croissant.json is Croissant 1.1 metadata, not a table.
plants-evidence.jsonl and plant-sources.json are lossless twins.
Recompute a classification
recompute-plant-class.ipynb loads the CSV, runs the published rule, and
compares three plants (abelia-floribunda, kalopanax-pictus,
zygophyllum) to the live JSON twins. It does not assign ratings.
Snapshot lookup (opens the live page): https://huggingface.co/spaces/fireapproved/plant-lookup
About FireApproved.com
Every wildfire plant list contradicts the next one, and almost none of them say why. One extension bulletin calls a shrub fire-resistant, the next calls it a hazard, and neither shows its work.
FireApproved.com is where you find out what is actually behind the advice. Look up a plant and you see every source that rated it, the exact words each one used, when it was published — and where they disagree, laid side by side instead of averaged into one anonymous verdict you have to take on faith.
It covers the whole decision, not just the planting list:
- 🌿 Plants — thousands of taxa with every cited rating, browsable by genus, by state and by USDA zone, each tracing to the source that rated it.
- 🏠 Materials — the vents, siding, decking, windows and roofing that are actually listed and tested, with the standards behind them and a lapse log for listings that have expired.
- 📍 States and requirements — what the code adopted where you live actually says, cited to the ordinance rather than to a summary of it.
- 📚 Guides — plain-language answers, from where to start to how to read a plant page, with a glossary for the terms the codes use.
- 🔎 Findings — the places where a test result or a jurisdiction contradicts what everyone repeats.
Start here: fireapproved.com · the plant directory · the materials directory · how this is built
Why this data is worth citing
The site issues no rating of its own. Every status is computed from cited evidence by a published rule, and four properties make that reproducible:
- Every verdict keeps the source's own words — its phrasing, its edition, and the date the document was read, not a label invented later.
- Classifications are computed, never hand-assigned. See the methodology.
- Evidence deduplicates by lineage, not by row. A rater who republishes the same finding in five places counts once, so a widely-copied opinion cannot outvote a laboratory result.
- Conflicts are preserved, not averaged. When sources disagree the record says so and shows both sides.
The source registry ships alongside the evidence, so you can recompute or re-weigh every classification yourself rather than trusting ours.
The live site is the source of truth and is always current. Machine-readable
entry points: llms.txt ·
llms-full.txt ·
every page has a JSON twin (the .json
replaces the trailing slash).
FireApproved.com is a citation directory. It is not a listing body, an insurer, or a building official — verify at the source before you specify.
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