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Pulmonary artery catheter-Indications-General indications are: Management of complicated myocardial infarction Hypovolemia vs cardiogenic shock Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) vs acute mitral regurgitation Severe left ventricular failure Right ventricular infarction Unstable angina Refractory ventricular tachycardia A... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Procedure-The catheter is introduced through a large vein—often the internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral veins. Ease of placement for a pulmonary artery catheter from easiest to difficult is: right internal jugular > left subclavian > left internal jugular > right subclavian. From this ent... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Procedure-The standard pulmonary artery catheter has two lumens (Swan-Ganz) and is equipped with an inflatable balloon at the tip, which facilitates its placement into the pulmonary artery through the flow of blood. The balloon, when inflated, causes the catheter to "wedge" in a small pulmonar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Technical developments-Thermal dilution The idea for a sail or balloon tip modification of Ronald Bradley's simple portex tubing method came about from Swan's observation from the Laguna Beach CA shore of sail boats on the water on a relatively calm day. Boats with conventional slot sails were... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Technical developments-After Swan developed the initial balloon tip, Ganz used Fronek's idea and added a small thermistor (temperature probe) about 3 cm behind the tip. 10 ml of saline (0.9% NaCl) under 10 °C or room temperature (not as accurate) is injected into an opening in the right atrium... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Technical developments-By attaching both the injector site and the ventricular thermistor to a small computer, the thermodilution curve can be plotted. If details about the patient's body mass index (size); core temp, Systolic, diastolic, central venous pressure CVP (measured from the atrium b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Technical developments-In crude terms, this measurement compares left and right cardiac activity and calculates preload and afterload flow and pressures which, theoretically, can be stabilized or adjusted with drugs to either constrict or dilate the vessels (to raise or lower, respectively, th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Technical developments-Pharmacotherapy lumina Modern catheters have multiple lumina — five or six are common — and have openings along the length to allow administration of inotropes and other drugs directly into the atrium. Drugs to achieve these changes can be delivered into the atrium via t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Technical developments-SvO2 measurement One further development in recent years has been the invention of a catheter with a fiber-optic based probe which is extended and lodged into the ventricle wall providing instant readings of SvO2 or oxygen saturation of the ventricle tissues. This techni... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Technical developments-Alternatives Various other techniques have largely relegated the PA catheter to history, e.g. the lithium dilution technique; the external bio-resistance monitor, pulse contour analysis or the very simple and reliable technique of esophogeal doppler measurements of the d... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Complications-The procedure is not without risk, and complications can be life-threatening. It can lead to arrhythmias, pseudoaneurysm formation or rupture of the pulmonary artery, thrombosis, infection, pneumothorax, bleeding, and other problems. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Controversy-The benefit of the use of this type of catheter has been controversial. Therefore, many clinicians minimize its use. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Controversy-Evidence of benefit Several studies in the 1980s seemed to show a benefit of the increase in physiological information. Many reports showing benefit of the PA catheter are from anaesthetic, and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) settings. In these settings cardiovascular performance was opt... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Controversy-Evidence of harm or lack of benefit Contrary to earlier studies there is growing evidence the use of a PA catheter (PAC) does not necessarily lead to improved outcome. One explanation could be that nurses and physicians are insufficiently knowledgeable to adequately interpret the P... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Controversy-Utility of pulmonary artery catheterization This interpretation of Adolph Ficks' formulation for cardiac output by time/temperature curves is an expedient but limited and invasive model of right heart performance. It remains an exceptional method of monitoring volume overload leadi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Controversy-A feature of the pulmonary artery catheter that has been largely ignored in the clinical setting is its ability to monitor total body oxygen extraction by measuring the mixed venous oxygen saturation. Regardless of the value obtained by measurements of the cardiac output, the mixed... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pulmonary artery catheter-Controversy-Non-invasive echocardiography and pulse-wave cardiac output monitoring are concordant with (and much safer) if not better than invasive methods defining right and left heart performance. The emergence of MRSA and similar hospital based catheter infections now clearly limits the uti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-Lisp machine-Lisp machines are general-purpose computers designed to efficiently run Lisp as their main software and programming language, usually via hardware support. They are an example of a high-level language computer architecture, and in a sense, they were the first commercial single-user workstation... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-Historical context Artificial intelligence (AI) computer programs of the 1960s and 1970s intrinsically required what was then considered a huge amount of computer power, as measured in processor time and memory space. The power requirements of AI research were exacerbated by the Lisp symbolic progr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-Initial development In 1973, Richard Greenblatt and Thomas Knight, programmers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (AI Lab), began what would become the MIT Lisp Machine Project when they first began building a computer hardwired to run certain basic Li... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-Type checking was further improved and automated when the conventional byte word of 32-bits was lengthened to 36-bits for Symbolics 3600-model Lisp machines and eventually to 40-bits or more (usually, the excess bits not accounted for by the following were used for error-correcting codes). The firs... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-The first machine was called the CONS machine (named after the list construction operator cons in Lisp). Often it was affectionately referred to as the Knight machine, perhaps since Knight wrote his master's thesis on the subject; it was extremely well received. It was subsequently improved into a ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-Commercializing MIT Lisp machine technology In 1979, Russell Noftsker, being convinced that Lisp machines had a bright commercial future due to the strength of the Lisp language and the enabling factor of hardware acceleration, proposed to Greenblatt that they commercialize the technology. In a cou... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-The ensuing discussions of the choice divided the lab into two factions. In February 1979, matters came to a head. The hackers sided with Noftsker, believing that a commercial venture fund-backed firm had a better chance of surviving and commercializing Lisp machines than Greenblatt's proposed self... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-It was at this juncture that Symbolics, Noftsker's enterprise, slowly came together. While Noftsker was paying his staff a salary, he had no building or any equipment for the hackers to work on. He bargained with Patrick Winston that, in exchange for allowing Symbolics' staff to keep working out of... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-Around this time Symbolics (Noftsker's firm) began operating. It had been hindered by Noftsker's promise to give Greenblatt a year's head start, and by severe delays in procuring venture capital. Symbolics still had the major advantage that while 3 or 4 of the AI Lab hackers had gone to work for Gr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-Symbolics continued to develop the 3600 family and its operating system, Genera, and produced the Ivory, a VLSI implementation of the Symbolics architecture. Starting in 1987, several machines based on the Ivory processor were developed: boards for Suns and Macs, stand-alone workstations and even e... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-The MIT-derived Lisp machines ran a Lisp dialect named Lisp Machine Lisp, descended from MIT's Maclisp. The operating systems were written from the ground up in Lisp, often using object-oriented extensions. Later, these Lisp machines also supported various versions of Common Lisp (with Flavors, New... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-Interlisp, BBN, and Xerox Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) developed its own Lisp machine, named Jericho, which ran a version of Interlisp. It was never marketed. Frustrated, the whole AI group resigned, and were hired mostly by Xerox. So, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center had, simultaneously with Gree... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-Xerox also worked on a Lisp machine based on reduced instruction set computing (RISC), using the 'Xerox Common Lisp Processor' and planned to bring it to market by 1987, which did not occur.
Integrated Inference Machines In the mid-1980s, Integrated Inference Machines (IIM) built prototypes of Lisp... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-Developments of Lisp machines outside the United States In 1984–85 a UK firm, Racal-Norsk, a joint subsidiary of Racal and Norsk Data, attempted to repurpose Norsk Data's ND-500 supermini as a microcoded Lisp machine, running CADR software: the Knowledge Processing System (KPS).There were several a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-End of the Lisp machines With the onset of the AI winter and the early beginnings of the microcomputer revolution, which would sweep away the minicomputer and workstation makers, cheaper desktop PCs soon could run Lisp programs even faster than Lisp machines, with no use of special purpose hardware... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-Legacy Several attempts to write open-source emulators for various Lisp Machines have been made: CADR Emulation, Symbolics L Lisp Machine Emulation, the E3 Project (TI Explorer II Emulation), Meroko (TI Explorer I), and Nevermore (TI Explorer I). On 3 October 2005, the MIT released the CADR Lisp Ma... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-History-Applications Domains using the Lisp machines were mostly in the wide field of artificial intelligence applications, but also in computer graphics, medical image processing, and many others.
The main commercial expert systems of the 80s were available: Intellicorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-Technical overview-Initially the Lisp machines were designed as personal workstations for software development in Lisp. They were used by one person and offered no multi-user mode. The machines provided a large, black and white, bitmap display, keyboard and mouse, network adapter, local hard disks, more th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-Technical overview-The processor did not run Lisp directly, but was a stack machine with instructions optimized for compiled Lisp. The early Lisp machines used microcode to provide the instruction set. For several operations, type checking and dispatching was done in hardware at runtime. For example, only ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-Technical overview-The following example uses a function that counts the number of elements of a list for which a predicate returns true. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-Technical overview-The disassembled machine code for above function (for the Ivory microprocessor from Symbolics): The operating system used virtual memory to provide a large address space. Memory management was done with garbage collection. All code shared a single address space. All data objects were sto... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lisp machine-Technical overview-All operating system software was written in Lisp. Xerox used Interlisp. Symbolics, LMI, and TI used Lisp Machine Lisp (descendant of MacLisp). With the appearance of Common Lisp, Common Lisp was supported on the Lisp Machines and some system software was ported to Common Lisp or later w... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
László Fejes Tóth-László Fejes Tóth-László Fejes Tóth (Hungarian: Fejes Tóth László, pronounced [ˈfɛjɛʃ ˈtoːt ˈlaːsloː] 12 March 1915 – 17 March 2005) was a Hungarian mathematician who specialized in geometry. He proved that a lattice pattern is the most efficient way to pack centrally symmetric convex sets on the Eucl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
László Fejes Tóth-László Fejes Tóth-He was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (from 1962) and a director of the Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics (1970-1983). He received both the Kossuth Prize (1957) and State Award (1973).Together with H.S.M. Coxeter and Paul Erdős, he laid the foundations of discrete ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
László Fejes Tóth-Early life and career-As described in a 1999 interview with István Hargittai, Fejes Tóth's father was a railway worker, who advanced in his career within the railway organization ultimately to earn a doctorate in law. Fejes Tóth's mother taught Hungarian and German literature in a high school. The fam... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
László Fejes Tóth-Early life and career-Fejes Tóth met his wife in university. She was a chemist. They were parents of three children, two sons—one a professor of mathematics at the Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics, the other a professor of physiology at Dartmouth College—and one daughter, a psychologist. He enjoy... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
László Fejes Tóth-Work on regular figures-According to J. A. Todd, a reviewer of Fejes Tóth's book Regular Figures, Fejes Tóth divided the topic into two sections. One, entitled "Systematology of the Regular Figures", develops a theory of "regular and Archimedean polyhedra and of regular polytopes". Todd explains that ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
László Fejes Tóth-Honors and recognition-Imre Bárány credited Fejes Tóth with several influential proofs in the field of discrete and convex geometry, pertaining to packings and coverings by circles, to convex sets in a plane and to packings and coverings in higher dimensions, including the first correct proof of Thue'... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
László Fejes Tóth-Honors and recognition-The approach that Fejes Tóth suggested in that work, which translates as "packing [of objects] in a plane, on a sphere and in a space", provided Thomas Hales a basis for a proof of the Kepler conjecture in 1998. The Kepler conjecture, named after the 17th-century German mathemat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
László Fejes Tóth-Honors and recognition-In 2008, a conference was convened in Fejes Tóth's memory in Budapest from June 30 – July 6; it celebrated the term, "Intuitive Geometry", coined by Fejes Tóth to refer to the kind of geometry, which is accessible to the "man in the street". According to the conference organizer... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
László Fejes Tóth-Honors and recognition-The University of Pannonia administers the László Fejes Tóth Prize (Hungarian: Fejes Tóth László-díj) to recognize "outstanding contributions and development in the field of mathematical sciences". In 2015, the year of Fejes Tóth's centennial birth anniversary, the prize was awa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
AFG3L2-AFG3L2-AFG3 ATPase family gene 3-like 2 (S. cerevisiae) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AFG3L2 gene.This gene encodes a protein localized in mitochondria and closely related to paraplegin. The paraplegin gene is responsible for an autosomal recessive form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. This gene... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Roughing filter-Roughing filter-Roughing filters provide pretreatment for turbid water or simple, low maintenance treatment when high water quality is not needed. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Autonomic nerve-Autonomic nerve-The autonomic nerve is a small nerve which carries postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons from the zygomaticotemporal nerve; a branch of the maxillary nerve, to the lacrimal nerve; a branch of the ophthalmic nerve. These neurons derive from the superior cervical ganglion ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
60S ribosomal protein L21-60S ribosomal protein L21-60S ribosomal protein L21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL21 gene.Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximatel... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
60S ribosomal protein L21-Clinical relevance-Mutations in the RPL21 gene result in Hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Substantia ferruginea-Substantia ferruginea-The substantia ferruginea is an underlying patch of deeply pigmented nerve cells located in the floor of the superior part of the sulcus limitans.It was coined in 1838 and 1851. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dealer's choice-Dealer's choice-Dealer's choice is a style of poker where each player may deal a different variant. As the deal passes clockwise around the table, each player occupying the dealer position chooses a variant which is either played just for the current hand or for an entire orbit. It is a common choice fo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dealer's choice-Dealer's choice-Dealer's choice games often break from the typical forms of poker through the use of wild cards and kill cards in addition to variations on betting structure. The majority of the dealer's choice poker games were derived from children's games.
Depending on house rules, dealers may also ca... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dealer's choice-Dealer's choice-There are two different approaches to a standard DC game: Per hand: In this type of format the player on the button (known as the dealer) selects the format of poker to play for that hand only. After the hand is over the dealer button moves to the left and the next player in that positio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dealer's choice-Dealer's choice-Per orbit: In this type of format the player on the button (known as the dealer) selects the format of poker to play for the next orbit, which is an entire revolution of the table. So, for example, if the game was being played at a nine-handed table then an orbit would last nine hands. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dealer's choice-Poker variants-The varieties of poker wholly depend on the level of knowledge and understanding on the table that you are playing. In home games, players will agree in advance the types of games that can be chosen, and then they are selected at random by each player.
In casino games, the games are norma... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dealer's choice-Poker variants-The most popular form of poker in the world (No Limit Texas hold'em) is rarely played in Dealer's Choice. There are many reasons for this, but the most common is the fact that people play Dealer's Choice to get away from the regularity of playing No Limit Hold'em. That being said, it is a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Linear graph grammar-Linear graph grammar-In computer science, a linear graph grammar (also a connection graph reduction system or a port graph grammar) is a class of graph grammar on which nodes have a number of ports connected together by edges and edges connect exactly two ports together. Interaction nets are a spec... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Linear graph grammar-Implementations-Bawden introduces linear graphs in the context of a compiler for a fragment of the Scheme programming language. Bawden and Mairson (1998) describe the design of a distributed implementation in which the linear graph is spread across many computing nodes and may freely migrate in ord... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Open Theology-Open Theology-Open Theology is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal published by De Gruyter since 2015. It covers theology and religious studies. The editor-in-chief is Charles Taliaferro (St. Olaf College). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Open Theology-Abstracting and indexing-The journal is abstracted and indexed in EBSCO databases, Emerging Sources Citation Index, ERIH PLUS, and Scopus. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kronos effect-Kronos effect-The Kronos effect is a term coined by Columbia Law School professor Tim Wu in his 2010 book The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires. It describes how companies that establish early dominance in a period of disruptive innovation will do everything in their power to maintai... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Arabinosyl nucleosides-Arabinosyl nucleosides-Arabinosyl nucleosides are derivatives of the nucleosides. They contain – in contrast to most nucleosides – instead of the β-D-Ribofuranose the β-D-Arabinofuranose. They are mostly used as cytostatics or virostatics. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Arabinosyl nucleosides-Literature-W. E. Müller: "Rational design of arabinosyl nucleosides as antitumor and antiviral agents", Jpn J Antibiot. 1977 Dec;30 Suppl:104–120; PMID 612702. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Endo-exo isomerism-Endo-exo isomerism-In organic chemistry, endo–exo isomerism is a special type of stereoisomerism found in organic compounds with a substituent on a bridged ring system. The prefix endo is reserved for the isomer with the substituent located closest, or "syn", to the longest bridge. The prefix exo is ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sable Systems-Sable Systems-Sable Systems develops and manufactures equipment for whole animal respirometry and offers courses in respirometry. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shadowgraph-Shadowgraph-Shadowgraph is an optical method that reveals non-uniformities in transparent media like air, water, or glass. It is related to, but simpler than, the schlieren and schlieren photography methods that perform a similar function. Shadowgraph is a type of flow visualisation. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shadowgraph-Shadowgraph-In principle, a difference in temperature, a different gas, or a shock wave in the transparent air cannot be seen by the human eye or cameras. However, all these disturbances refract light rays, so they can cast shadows. The plume of hot air rising from a fire, for example, can be seen by way of... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shadowgraph-Sunlight shadowgraph-Some aquatic predators detect their transparent prey by way of their shadows cast upon the ocean floor. It was Robert Hooke who first scientifically demonstrated the sunlight shadowgraph and Jean-Paul Marat who first used it to study fire. A modern account of shadowgraphy is given by Ga... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shadowgraph-Applications-Applications of shadowgraphy in science and technology are very broad. It is used in aeronautical engineering to see the flow about high-speed aircraft and missiles, as well as in combustion research, ballistics, explosions, and in the testing of glass. Ideal for identification of flow patterns... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shadowgraph-Applications-Shadowgram (Shadowgraph) According to F. J. Weinberg, the result of applying the shadowgraph technique should be known as a shadowgram. A shadowgram is not a focused image, rather it is a mere shadow. In the shadowgram, the differences in light intensity are proportional to the second spatial d... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shadowgraph-Applications-Cartoons The shadowgraph and shadowgram have been used in animation, where they reinforce the cartoon's realism. One first use was made by Disney Studios on the Three Blind Mouseketeers (1936) in the series of animated short films Silly Symphonies.
Postcards Additionally the term Shadowgraph wa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Metrics (networking)-Metrics (networking)-Router metrics are configuration values used by a router to make routing decisions. A metric is typically one of many fields in a routing table. Router metrics help the router choose the best route among multiple feasible routes to a destination. The route will go in the direct... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Metrics (networking)-Examples-A metric can include: measuring link utilization (using SNMP) number of hops (hop count) speed of the path packet loss (router congestion/conditions) Network delay path reliability path bandwidth throughput [SNMP - query routers] load Maximum transmission unit (MTU) administrator configure... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Metrics (networking)-Examples-A metric can be considered as: additive - the total cost of a path is the sum of the costs of individual links along the path, concave - the total cost of a path is the minimum of the costs of individual links along the path, multiplicative - the total cost of a path is the product of the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Metrics (networking)-Service level metrics-Router metrics are metrics used by a router to make routing decisions. It is typically one of many fields in a routing table.
Router metrics can contain any number of values that help the router determine the best route among multiple routes to a destination. A router metric t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Edding-Edding-edding AG is a German company that manufactures writing and marking tools such as felt-tip pens and permanent markers. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Edding-History-edding AG was founded in 1960 in Hamburg by Carl-Wilhelm Edding and Volker Detlef Ledermann. At that time they started with a start-up capital of just 500 Deutsche Mark.
In 1965, they established the group brand planMASTER and started to sell products for planning and visual communication.
By the end of ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Edding-Brands and Products-edding edding sells paint markers of different line thickness and color. These are mostly made in Japan. Graffiti writers use "edding" frequently for tagging.
Legamaster Legamaster is the visual communication division of edding AG, the leading manufacturer of high-quality marking and writing ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Edding-Awards-1995: For his enduring commitment to the environment, co-founder Volker Detlef Ledermann was honored with the B.A.U.M. award.
2000-2010: edding 3000 and edding 2000 permanent markers were voted best markers in the world by the Global Consumer Index.
2007: The University of St. Gallen in Switzerland lists ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Rubber ducky antenna-The rubber ducky antenna (or rubber duck aerial) is an electrically short monopole antenna that functions somewhat like a base-loaded whip antenna. It consists of a springy wire in the shape of a narrow helix, sealed in a rubber or plastic jacket to protect the antenna. Rubber ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Rubber ducky antenna-Electrically short antennas like the rubber ducky are used in portable handheld radio equipment at VHF and UHF frequencies in place of a quarter wavelength whip antenna, which is inconveniently long and cumbersome at these frequencies. Many years after its invention in 1958, th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Origin of the name-Two rumors link the naming of the antenna with the Kennedy family. In the early 1960s the rubber ducky became the antenna of choice for personal walkie-talkie transceivers used by police and security services, including the U.S. Secret Service, which guards the President of the U... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Origin of the name-An alternative name is based on the short stub format: the "stubby antenna". | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Description-Before the rubber ducky, antennas on portable radios usually consisted of quarter-wave whip antennas, rods whose length was one-quarter of the wavelength of the radio waves used. In the VHF range where they were used, these antennas were 0.6 or 0.9 m (2 or 3 feet) long, making them cumb... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Description-The rubber ducky is an electrically short quarter-wave antenna in which the inductor, instead of being in the base, is built into the antenna itself. The antenna is made of a narrow helix of wire like a spring, which functions as the needed inductor. The springy wire is flexible, making... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Effective aperture-Because the length of this antenna is significantly smaller than a wavelength the effective aperture, if 100% efficient, would be approximately: Ae=3λ28π Like other electrically short antennas the rubber ducky has poorer performance (less gain) due to losses and thus considerably... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Performance-Rubber ducky antennas have lower gain than a full size quarter-wavelength antenna, reducing the range of the radio. They are typically used in short-range two way radios where maximum range is not a requirement. Their design is a compromise between antenna gain and small size. They are ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Performance-In common with other inductively loaded short monopoles, the rubber ducky has a high Q factor and thus a narrow bandwidth. This means that as the frequency departs from the antenna's designed center frequency, its SWR increases and thus its efficiency falls off quickly. This type of ant... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Design rules-If the coils of the spring are wide (a large diameter), relative to the length of the array, the resulting antenna will have narrow bandwidth.
Conversely, if the coils of the spring are narrow, relative to the length of the array, the resulting antenna will have its largest possible ba... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Design rules-If the antenna is resonant, and the spring has a small diameter, the impedance will increase towards 70 Ω.From these rules, one can surmise that it is possible to design a rubber ducky antenna that has about 50 Ω impedance at its feed-point, but a compromise of bandwidth may be necessa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rubber ducky antenna-Variations-Some rubber ducky antennas are designed quite differently than the original design. One type uses a spring only for support. The spring is electrically shorted out. The antenna is therefore electrically a linear element antenna. Some other rubber ducky antennas use a spring of non-conduc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
British land speed record-British land speed record-The British land speed record is the fastest land speed achieved by a vehicle in the United Kingdom, as opposed to one on water or in the air. It is standardised as the speed over a course of fixed length, averaged over two runs in opposite directions. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
British land speed record-Historical records-On 25 September 1924, Malcolm Campbell driving the 350 hp Sunbeam Blue Bird set records for the Flying Mile (146.16 m.p.h.) and Flying Kilometre (146.15 m.p.h.) at Pendine Sands, in Wales.On 21 July 1925, Malcolm Campbell, Sunbeam Blue Bird, at Pendine Sands, broke the recor... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
British land speed record-Historical records-On 27 April 1926, at Pendine Sands J. G. Parry-Thomas in the Higham-Thomas Special Babs set the Flying Mile record at 168.07 m.p.h. and the Flying Kilometre at 169.29 m.p.h. The following day on 28 April 1926, Parry-Thomas raised the Flying Mile to 170.62 m.p.h. and the Flyi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
British land speed record-Historical records-On 3 October 1970, Tony Densham, driving the Ford-powered "Commuter" dragster set a record at Elvington, Yorkshire, averaging 207.6 m.p.h. over the Flying Kilometre course. This broke Campbell's record set 43 years previously. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
British land speed record-Historical records-On 27 April 1977, Robert Horne set a Flying Mile record, at RAF Fairford, Gloucestershire, in the ex-Scuderia Montjuich Ferrari 512M, chassis number 1002, at a speed of 191.64 m.p.h.In October 2013, Paul Drayson, set the electric land speed record reaching an average speed o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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