text stringlengths 0 73.6k | source stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|
British land speed record-Historical records-In May 2018 - Motorcycle - Zef Eisenberg, the fastest motorbike on sand was recorded at 201.5 mph over 1.5 miles at Pendine sands in Wales on a supercharged Suzuki Hayabusa. This was a one way record, officiated and recorded by UKTA and the British Record club. Zef Eisenberg... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
British land speed record-Historical records-Fastest flying quarter (one way) wheel powered record at 206.492 mph, Pendine record (and MSA under 5000cc record).
Fastest flying mile (one way) wheel powered record at 196.970 mph, Pendine record (and MSA under 5000cc record). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
British land speed record-Historical records-Fastest flying mile (2 way) 187.962 mph (same measurement as Sir Malcolm Campbell), Pendine record As of 2019, Zef Eisenberg, is the only person in history to have achieved over 200 mph on bike and car at Pendine, and a flying mile record in bike and car in Britain, and the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
British land speed record-Non wheel-driven vehicles-On 25 September 1980 Thrust2 driven by Richard Noble broke the Flying Mile record at a speed of 248.87 mph and the Flying Kilometre at 251.190 mph. at RAF Greenham Common.In the summer of 1998, Colin Fallows bettered Richard Noble's outright UK Record in his Vampire j... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
British land speed record-Non wheel-driven vehicles-On 7 July 2006, Colin Fallows raised this 300.3 mph average speed again by 1 mph with an each-way average of 301 mph at RAF Fairford in Vampire. His peak speed was 331 mph. At the same event at RAF Fairford on 7 July 2006, Mark Newby drove his jet car Split Second to ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Octagon (video game)-Octagon (video game)-Octagon (fully titled Octagon – A Minimal Arcade Game with Maximum Challenge) is a minimalist twitch-reflex video game by Lukas Korba. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Octagon (video game)-Gameplay-Octagon tasks the player with controlling an octagon in an octagonal world without falling off. There are an infinite number of levels player can play in with the goal of completing the level without falling off. These levels increase in complexity as the player completes levels. The game ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Octagon (video game)-Reception-Octagon received mixed reviews. Apple'N'Apps gave the game 3.0 out of 5, praising the game's "great design work," "extreme challenge from the outset," and "intuitive controls," while criticizing the lack of variety, the fact that the "controls can cause mix-ups," and the "intrinsic repeti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Octagon (video game)-Sequel-A sequel was released on May 6, 2020. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
HLA-B15-HLA-B15-HLA-B15 (B15) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the B*15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B.B15 is a broad antigen can be subdivided into several split antigens that are often used in characterization. These are B62, B63, B70, B71, B72, B75, B76, B77. B*15 is the largest allele grouping f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
HLA-B15-HLA-B15-HLA-B15 allele *15:02 is associated with the severe skin conditions Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) caused by carbamazepine drug sensitivity in East Asians. Carriers of the HLA-B15 allele *15:01 (B62) are much more likely to be asymptomatic when infected with SARS-Co... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jordan and Einstein frames-Jordan and Einstein frames-The Lagrangian in scalar-tensor theory can be expressed in the Jordan frame in which the scalar field or some function of it multiplies the Ricci scalar, or in the Einstein frame in which Ricci scalar is not multiplied by the scalar field. There exist various transf... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jordan and Einstein frames-Equations and physical interpretation-If we perform the Weyl rescaling g~μν=Φ−2/(d−2)gμν , then the Riemann and Ricci tensors are modified as follows. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jordan and Einstein frames-Equations and physical interpretation-−g~=Φ−d/(d−2)−g R~=Φ2/(d−2)[R+2(d−1)d−2◻ΦΦ−3(d−1)(d−2)(∇ΦΦ)2] As an example consider the transformation of a simple Scalar-tensor action with an arbitrary set of matter fields ψm coupled minimally to the curved background ln Φ))2]+Sm[Φ−2/(d−2)gμν,ψm] Th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jordan and Einstein frames-Equations and physical interpretation-The Jordan and Einstein frames are constructed to render certain parts of physical equations simpler which also gives the frames and the fields appearing in them particular physical interpretations. For instance, in the Einstein frame, the equations for t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jordan and Einstein frames-Equations and physical interpretation-On the other hand, in the Jordan frame, all the matter fields ψm are coupled minimally to g~μν and isolated test particles will move on geodesics with respect to the metric g~μν . This means that if we were to reconstruct the Riemann curvature tensor b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jordan and Einstein frames-Models-Jordan frame gravity can be used to calculate type IV singular bouncing cosmological evolution, to derive the type IV singularity. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Normorphine-Normorphine-Normorphine is an opiate analogue, the N-demethylated derivative of morphine, that was first described in the 1950s when a large group of N-substituted morphine analogues were characterized for activity. The compound has relatively little opioid activity in its own right, but is a useful interme... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Commonly misspelled words in French-Commonly misspelled words in French-Misspellings in French are a subset of errors in French orthography. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Commonly misspelled words in French-Commonly misspelled words in French-Many errors are caused by homonyms, for example French contains hundreds of words ending with IPA [εn] written diversely as -ène, -en, -enne, -aine.Many French words and verb endings end with silent consonants, lettres muettes, creating also homony... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Commonly misspelled words in French-Commonly misspelled words in French-Further problems are caused by examples of confusion with English, such as connection (incorrect) and connexion (correct).Misspellings of French words outside the French language occur regularly and account for part of the etymology of some modern ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SourceForge Installer-SourceForge Installer-The SourceForge Installer is a discontinued piece of software that was included in some downloads from SourceForge. It was often bundled with adware and crapware designed to trick people into installing unwanted software. SourceForge has been criticized about its use of this ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SourceForge Installer-History-In July 2013, SourceForge started allowing project owners to sign up for DevShare. When the project owner signed up for this, the closed-source installer would be placed in the project. While most people opposed the use of it, many projects began using DevShare because part of the ad reven... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
SourceForge Installer-History-As of early 2016, DevShare and the SourceForge Installer have been discontinued after BizX bought SourceForge. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
RNAi-Based Identification System and interference of Specific Cancer Cells-RNAi-Based Identification System and interference of Specific Cancer Cells-A "classifier" is created to categorize cells by identifying specific characteristics of cervical cancer. These characteristics are consistent with HeLa cells, which serv... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
RNAi-Based Identification System and interference of Specific Cancer Cells-Cancer cell identification and classification-Cancer cells can be classified by identifying MicroRNA expression. These mRNA expression levels can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in tumor and cancer classifications, although current t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
RNAi-Based Identification System and interference of Specific Cancer Cells-RNAi for apoptosis-Recently, it has been discovered that small RNA can trigger specific gene silencing in human cells. The RNAi reaction enables a complete elimination of a specific protein, which can potentially enable researchers to target piv... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
RNAi-Based Identification System and interference of Specific Cancer Cells-RNAi delivery methods-Since its discovery, RNAi knowledge has grown substantially. Although quite useful, RNAi in vivo delivery to tissues proves to be a challenge that still eludes science—especially to deep tissues within the body. RNAi delive... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Castration anxiety-Castration anxiety-Castration anxiety is an idea in psychoanalytic theory. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Castration anxiety-Castration anxiety-This is the fear of emasculation in both the literal and metaphorical sense. Castration anxiety is an overwhelming fear of damage to, or loss of, the penis—a derivative of Sigmund Freud's theory of the castration complex, one of his earliest psychoanalytic theories. Although Freud ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Castration anxiety-Literal-Castration anxiety is the conscious or unconscious fear of losing all or part of the sex organs, or the function of such. In the literal sense, castration anxiety refers to the fear of having one's genitalia disfigured or removed to punish sexual desires of a child.In Freudian psychoanalysis,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Castration anxiety-Metaphorical-Castration anxiety can also refer to being castrated symbolically. In the metaphorical sense, castration anxiety refers to the idea of feeling or being insignificant; there is a need to keep one's self from being dominated; whether it be socially or in a relationship.
Symbolic castration... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Castration anxiety-Relation to power and control-According to Freudian psychoanalysis, castration anxiety can be completely overwhelming to the individual, often breaching other aspects of his or her life. A link has been found between castration anxiety and fear of death. Although differing degrees of anxiety are comm... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Castration anxiety-Relation to circumcision-Freud had a strongly critical view of circumcision, believing it to be a 'substitute for castration', and an 'expression of submission to the father's will'. This view was shared by others in the psychoanalytic community, such as Wilhelm Reich, Hermann Nunberg, and Jaques Lac... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Castration anxiety-Relation to circumcision-The figure of Lilith, described as "a hot fiery female who first cohabited with man" presents as an archetypal representation of the first mother of man, and primordial sexual temptation. Male children were said to be at risk of Lilith's wrath for eight days after birth. Dece... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Castration anxiety-Counterpart in females-It is implied in Freudian psychology that both girls and boys pass through the same developmental stages: oral, anal, and phallic stages. Freud, however, believed that the results may be different because the anatomy of the different sexes is different. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Castration anxiety-Counterpart in females-The counterpart of castration anxiety for females is penis envy. Penis envy, and the concept of such, was first introduced by Freud in an article published in 1908 titled "On the Sexual Theories of Children". The idea was presumed that females/girls envied those (mostly their f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Castration anxiety-Counterpart in females-Among his many suggestions, Freud believed that during the phallic stage, young girls distance themselves from their mothers and instead envy their fathers and show this envy by showing love and affection towards their fathers. According to Cohler and Galatzer, Freud believed t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Castration anxiety-Empirical testing-Sarnoff et al. surmised that men differ in their degree of castration anxiety through the castration threat they experienced in childhood. Therefore, these men may be expected to respond in different ways to different degrees of castration anxiety that they experience from the same ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Acetiromate-Acetiromate-Acetiromate is an antilipidemic drug which is used to treat hyperlipidemia. It is also known as Adecol, TBF 43, or acetyltriiodothyronine formic acid. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chin Na-Chin Na-Qinna (Chinese: 擒拿; pinyin: qínná; Wade–Giles: ch'in na) is the set of joint lock techniques used in the Chinese martial arts to control or lock an opponent's joints or muscles/tendons so they cannot move, thus neutralizing the opponent's fighting ability. Qinna Shu (Chinese: 術; pinyin: shù meaning "tec... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chin Na-Chin Na-There is no universally accepted systemized form of qinna. Instead, each school varies depending on the instructor's training and/or personal preference of focus.
Chin-Na is the facet of Kung-Fu which involves grappling, joint locks, pressure points, take-downs, and throws for immobilizing an attacker. ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chin Na-Chin Na-Today The recent understanding that grappling is as important as striking, has also caused some Kung Fu systems to focus on their Chin Na techniques, even expanding the system by incorporating/developing new ones. This is one reason why Chin Na of one school differs from that of another. There are over ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chin Na-Chin Na-Qinna and the development of Jujutsu Qinna is also accredited in the development of Jujutsu. It is stated in numerous Japanese and Chinese documents, that Chen Yuan-Yun (Chin Gempin or Chen Yuan-Pin; 1587-1674) was the first to introduce Chinese ju techniques (柔道 Rou Dao) into Japan during the early to ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chin Na-Chin Na-This same story is repeated in various Japanese documents including Honcho Seji Danki, Bujutsu Ryusoroku, Roi Shintoryo Hisho, Kitoryu Kempohi, Kitoryu Toka Mondo, Owan Meisho Zue, and Zoin Kinsei Kijindenas. Rickson Gracie also attributes the Chinese with bringing the techniques of Jiu Jitsu into Japan... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Water jet cutter-A water jet cutter, also known as a water jet or waterjet, is an industrial tool capable of cutting a wide variety of materials using an extremely high-pressure jet of water, or a mixture of water and an abrasive substance. The term abrasive jet refers specifically to the use of a mixt... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-Waterjet While using high-pressure water for erosion dates back as far as the mid-1800s with hydraulic mining, it was not until the 1930s that narrow jets of water started to appear as an industrial cutting device. In 1933, the Paper Patents Company in Wisconsin developed a paper metering, cutt... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-Waterjet technology evolved in the post-war era as researchers around the world searched for new methods of efficient cutting systems. In 1956, Carl Johnson of Durox International in Luxembourg developed a method for cutting plastic shapes using a thin stream high-pressure water jet, but those ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-High pressure High-pressure vessels and pumps became affordable and reliable with the advent of steam power. By the mid-1800s, steam locomotives were common and the first efficient steam-driven fire engine was operational. By the turn of the century, high-pressure reliability improved, with loc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-High-pressure systems were further shaped by the aviation, automotive, and oil industries. Aircraft manufacturers such as Boeing developed seals for hydraulically boosted control systems in the 1940s, while automotive designers followed similar research for hydraulic suspension systems. Higher ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-Abrasive waterjet While cutting with water is possible for soft materials, adding an abrasive turned the water jet into a modern machining tool for all materials. This began in 1935 when the idea of adding an abrasive to the water stream was developed by Elmo Smith for liquid abrasive blasting.... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-Working with Ingersoll-Rand Waterjet Systems, Michael Dixon implemented the first production practical means of cutting titanium sheets—an abrasive waterjet system very similar to those in widespread use today. By January 1989, that system was being run 24 hours a day producing titanium parts f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-Today, there are two different types of Abrasive Waterjets: Abrasive Water Suspension Jet (AWSJ) cutting The Abrasive Water Suspension Jet (AWSJ) - often called “Slurry Jet” or “Water Abrasive Suspension (WAS) jet” - is a specific type of abrasive water jet, which is used for waterjet cutting. ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-Since there are only 2 components (water and abrasive) in the AWSJ, the acceleration of the abrasive grains by the water takes place with a significantly increased efficiency compared to the AWIJ. The abrasive grains become faster with the WASS than with the WAIS for the same hydraulic power of... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-AWSJ cutting, in contrast to the AWIJ cutting process described below, can also be used for mobile cutting applications and cutting underwater, in addition to machining demanding materials. Examples include bomb disposal s well as the dismantling of offshore installations or the dismantling of ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-Abrasive Water Injector Jet (AWIJ) cutting The AWIJ is generated by a water jet that passes through a mixing chamber (a cavity) after exiting the water nozzle and enters a focusing tube at the exit of the mixing chamber. The interaction of the water jet in the mixing chamber with the air inside... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-After contact with the abrasive material in the mixing chamber with the water jet, the individual abrasive grains are accelerated and entrained in the direction of the focusing tube. The air used as a carrier medium for transporting the abrasive into the mixing chamber also becomes part of the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-History-Waterjet control As waterjet cutting moved into traditional manufacturing shops, controlling the cutter reliably and accurately was essential. Early waterjet cutting systems adapted traditional systems such as mechanical pantographs and CNC systems based on John Parsons’ 1952 NC milling machine... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Operation-All waterjets follow the same principle of using high-pressure water focused into a beam by a nozzle. Most machines accomplish this by first running the water through a high-pressure pump. There are two types of pumps used to create this high pressure; an intensifier pump and a direct drive o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Benefits-An important benefit of the water jet is the ability to cut material without interfering with its inherent structure, as there is no heat-affected zone (HAZ). Minimizing the effects of heat allows metals to be cut without warping, affecting tempers, or changing intrinsic properties. Sharp corn... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Benefits-Water jets are capable of attaining accuracy down to 0.005 inches (0.13 mm) and repeatability down to 0.001 inches (0.025 mm).Due to its relatively narrow kerf, water jet cutting can reduce the amount of scrap material produced, by allowing uncut parts to be nested more closely together than t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Versatility-Because the nature of the cutting stream can be easily modified the water jet can be used in nearly every industry; there are many different materials that the water jet can cut. Some of them have unique characteristics that require special attention when cutting. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Versatility-Materials commonly cut with a water jet include textiles, rubber, foam, plastics, leather, composites, stone, tile, glass, metals, food, paper and much more. "Most ceramics can also be cut on an abrasive water jet as long as the material is softer than the abrasive being used (between 7.5 a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Availability-Commercial water jet cutting systems are available from manufacturers all over the world, in a range of sizes, and with water pumps capable of a range of pressures. Typical water jet cutting machines have a working envelope as small as a few square feet, or up to hundreds of square feet. U... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Process-There are six main process characteristics of water jet cutting: Uses a high-velocity stream of ultra high-pressure water 30,000–90,000 psi (210–620 MPa) which is produced by a high-pressure pump with possible abrasive particles suspended in the stream.
Is used for machining a large array of ma... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Edge quality-Edge quality for water jet cut parts is defined with the quality numbers Q1 through Q5. Lower numbers indicate rougher edge finish; higher numbers are smoother. For thin materials, the difference in cutting speed for Q1 could be as much as 3 times faster than the speed for Q5. For thicker ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Multi-axis cutting-In 1987, Ingersoll-Rand Waterjet Systems offered a 5-axis pure-water waterjet cutting system called the Robotic Waterjet System. The system was an overhead gantry design, similar in overall size to the HS-1000. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Multi-axis cutting-With recent advances in control and motion technology, 5-axis water jet cutting (abrasive and pure) has become a reality. Where the normal axes on a water jet are named Y (back/forth), X (left/right) and Z (up/down), a 5-axis system will typically add an A axis (angle from perpendicu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Multi-axis cutting-A 5-axis cutting head can be used to cut 4-axis parts, where the bottom surface geometries are shifted a certain amount to produce the appropriate angle and the Z-axis remains at one height. This can be useful for applications like weld preparation where a bevel angle needs to be cut... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Water jet cutter-Multi-axis cutting-Because of the angles that can be cut, part programs may need to have additional cuts to free the part from the sheet. Attempting to slide a complex part at a severe angle from a plate can be difficult without appropriate relief cuts. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital perm-Digital perm-A digital perm is a perm that uses hot rods with the temperature regulated by a machine with a digital display, hence the name. The process is otherwise similar to that of a traditional perm. The name "digital perm" is trademarked by a Japanese company, Paimore Co. Hairstylists usually call it... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital perm-Difference between a normal perm and a digital perm-The biggest difference between other perms and a digital perm is the shape and the texture of the wave created by the digital process. A normal perm, or "cold perm," makes the wave most prominent when the hair is wet, and loose when it is dry. The hair te... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital perm-Difference between a normal perm and a digital perm-Digital perms thermally recondition the hair, though the chemicals and processing are similar to a straight perm. The hair often feels softer, smoother, and shinier after a digital perm. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital perm-Cost and time of a digital perm-The price depends on the hair salon, but a digital perm is usually a little more expensive than a cold perm. Also, some hair salons have systems where they can use the machine one at a time, in which case the price could be a lot higher.
The time it takes to perm the hair al... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Digital perm-Styling-A cold perm makes the hair most wavy when it is wet, so adding styling gel/foam when it is wet and air-drying it makes the wave most prominent. A digital perm makes the hair wavy when it is dry, so it can be dried with a blow dryer, and a hand can be used to make the curl. Styling is very easy, and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
BAG3-BAG3-BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAG3 gene. BAG3 is involved in chaperone-assisted selective autophagy. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
BAG3-Function-BAG proteins compete with Hip-1 for binding to the Hsc70/Hsp70 ATPase domain and promote substrate release. All the BAG proteins have an approximately 45-amino acid BAG domain near the C terminus but differ markedly in their N-terminal regions. The protein encoded by this gene contains a WW domain in the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
BAG3-Clinical significance-BAG gene has been implicated in age related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. It has been demonstrated that BAG1 and BAG3 regulate the proteasomal and lysosomal protein elimination pathways, respectively. It has also been shown to be a cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
BAG3-Clinical significance-That BAG3 mutations are responsible for familial dilated cardiomyopathy is confirmed by another study describing 6 new molecular variants (2 missense and 4 premature Stops ). Moreover, the same publication reported that BAG3 polymorphisms are also associated with sporadic forms of the disease... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
BAG3-Interactions-PLCG1 has been shown to interact with: | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Small nucleolar RNA Z247-Small nucleolar RNA Z247-In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z247 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Small nucleolar RNA Z247-Small nucleolar RNA Z247-snoRNA Z247 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.Plant snoRN... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Closed (poker)-Closed (poker)-In the game of poker, a betting round is said to be closed if no player will have the right to raise in the round. Normally this occurs when a player calls, and the next player whose turn it is to act is the one who made the last raise, so he cannot raise further (this ends the betting rou... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Closed (poker)-Closed (poker)-The term is also used to describe a category of poker game in which no cards held by individual players are visible to any other player before the showdown. Most forms of draw poker are closed games (draw games with a rollout are an exception). Most forms of stud poker, in contrast, are op... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Closed (poker)-Strategic implications-A player who closes the betting round by calling or overcalling is entitled to greater freedom by doing so, since he does not face the threat of subsequent raises. This is especially true when comparing limit hold'em games with a standard cap (3 raises) to an elevated cap (4 raises... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Language change-Language change is variation over time in a language's features. It is studied in several subfields of linguistics: historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and evolutionary linguistics. Traditional theories of historical linguistics identify three main types of change: systematic chang... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Language change-All living languages are continually undergoing change. Some commentators use derogatory labels such as "corruption" to suggest that language change constitutes a degradation in the quality of a language, especially when the change originates from human error or is a prescriptively disco... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Causes-Economy: Speech communities tend to change their utterances to be as efficient and effective (with as little effort) as possible, while still reaching communicative goals. Purposeful speaking therefore involves a trade-off of costs and benefits. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Causes-The principle of least effort tends to result in phonetic reduction of speech forms. See vowel reduction, cluster reduction, lenition, and elision. After some time a change may become widely accepted (it becomes a regular sound change) and may end up treated as standard. For instance: going to [ˈ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Causes-Expressiveness: Common or overused language tends to lose its emotional or rhetorical intensity over time; therefore, new words and constructions are continuously employed to revive that intensity Analogy: Over time, speech communities unconsciously apply patterns of rules in certain words, sound... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Causes-Social prestige: Language may not only change towards features that have more social prestige, but also away from ones with negative prestige, as in the case of the loss of rhoticity in the British Received Pronunciation accent. Such movements can go back and forth.According to Guy Deutscher, the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Types-Phonetic and phonological changes Sound change—i.e., change in the pronunciation of phonemes—can lead to phonological change (i.e., change in the relationships between phonemes within the structure of a language). For instance, if the pronunciation of one phoneme changes to become identical to tha... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Types-Determining the exact course of sound change in historical languages can pose difficulties, inasmuch as the technology of sound recording dates only from the 19th century, and thus sound changes before that time must be inferred from written texts. The orthographical practices of historical writer... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Types-A principal axiom of historical linguistics, established by the linguists of the Neogrammarian school of thought in the 19th century, is that sound change is said to be "regular"—i.e., a given sound change simultaneously affects all words in which the relevant set of phonemes appears, rather than ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Types-Lexical changes The study of lexical changes forms the diachronic portion of the science of onomasiology. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Types-The ongoing influx of new words into the English language (for example) helps make it a rich field for investigation into language change, despite the difficulty of defining precisely and accurately the vocabulary available to speakers of English. Throughout its history English has not only borrow... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Types-Dictionary-writers try to keep track of the changes in languages by recording (and, ideally, dating) the appearance in a language of new words, or of new usages for existing words. By the same token, they may tag some words eventually as "archaic" or "obsolete".
Spelling changes Standardisation of... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Types-Semantic changes Semantic changes are shifts in the meanings of existing words. Basic types of semantic change include: pejoration, in which a term's connotations become more negative amelioration, in which a term's connotations become more positive broadening, in which a term acquires additional ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Types-Words' meanings may also change in terms of the breadth of their semantic domain. Narrowing a word limits its alternative meanings, whereas broadening associates new meanings with it. For example, "hound" (Old English hund) once referred to any dog, whereas in modern English it denotes only a part... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Language change-Types-Syntactic change Syntactic change is the evolution of the syntactic structure of a natural language.
Over time, syntactic change is the greatest modifier of a particular language. Massive changes – attributable either to creolization or to relexification – may occur both in syntax and in vocabular... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.