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Attitude change-Dual models: depth of processing-Systematic processing Systematic processing occurs when individuals are motivated and have high cognition to process a message. Individuals using systematic processing are motivated to pay attention and have the cognitive ability to think deeply about a message; they are... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Dual models: depth of processing-According to the heuristic-systematic model of information processing, people are motivated to use systematic processing when they want to achieve a "desired level of confidence" in their judgments. There are factors that have been found to increase the use of systematic... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Dual models: depth of processing-Systematic processing has been shown to be beneficial in social influence settings. Systematic reasoning has been shown to be successful in producing more valid solutions during group discussions and greater solution accuracy. Shestowsky's (1998) research in dyad discuss... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Dual models: depth of processing-Heuristic processing Heuristic processing occurs when individuals have low motivation and/or low cognitive ability to process a message. Instead of focusing on the argument of the message, recipients using heuristic processing focus on more readily accessible information... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Dual models: depth of processing-For example, people are more likely to grant favors if reasons are provided. A study shows that when people said, "Excuse me, I have five pages to xerox. May I use the copier?" they received a positive response of 60%. The statement, "Excuse me, I have five pages to xero... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Dual models: depth of processing-Social proof is the means by which we utilize other people's behaviors in order to form our own beliefs. Our attitudes toward following the majority change when a situation appears uncertain or ambiguous to us, when the source is an expert, or when the source is similar ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Dual models: depth of processing-Reciprocity is returning a favor. People are more likely to return a favor if they have a positive attitude towards the other party. Reciprocities also develop interdependence and societal bonds. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Dual models: depth of processing-Authority plays a role in attitude change in situations where there are superior-inferior relationships. We are more likely to become obedient to authorities when the authority's expertise is perceived as high and when we anticipate receiving rewards. A famous study that... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Dual models: depth of processing-Liking has shown that if one likes another party, one is more inclined to carry out a favor. The attitude changes are based on whether an individual likes an idea or person, and if he or she does not like the other party, he/she may not carry out the favor or do so out o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Dual models: depth of processing-Elaboration likelihood model The elaboration likelihood model is similar in concept to and shares many ideas with other dual processing models, such as the heuristic-systematic model of information processing. In the elaboration likelihood model, cognitive processing is ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Cognitive dissonance theory-Cognitive dissonance, a theory originally developed by Festinger (1957), is the idea that people experience a sense of guilt or uneasiness when two linked cognitions are inconsistent, such as when there are two conflicting attitudes about a topic, or inconsistencies between o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Sorts of studies-Carl Hovland and his band of persuasion researchers learned a great deal during World War 2 and later at Yale about the process of attitude change.
High-credibility sources lead to more attitude change immediately following the communication act, but a sleeper effect occurs in which the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Sorts of studies-Belief rationalization The process of how people change their own attitudes has been studied for years. Belief rationalization has been recognized as an important aspect to understand this process. The stability of people's past attitudes can be influenced if they hold beliefs that are ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Attitude change-Sorts of studies-More recent work in the area of persuasion has further explored this "comparative processing" from the perspective of focusing on comparing between different sets of information on one single issue or object instead of simply making comparisons among different issues or objects. As prev... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Phozon-Phozon-Phozon is an arcade game that was released by Namco in 1983 only in Japan. It is based on the science of chemistry, and was also the first game from the company that had been confined to Japan since Kaitei Takara Sagashi in 1980. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Phozon-Gameplay-The player must take control of the Chemic, a small black atom with red spikes which must adhere itself to passing Moleks (which come in four different colors: cyan, green, pink and yellow) in order to duplicate the patterns shown in the center of the screen; if a Molek adheres itself to the Chemic inco... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Phozon-Gameplay-The singular enemy in the game is the Atomic; a malevolent clump of balls which moves randomly around the screen, and will kill the Chemic if it comes in contact with it, costing a life. The Chemic can counter-attack by adhering itself to a Power Molek (which are slightly larger than the regular Moleks,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Phozon-Gameplay-The Atomic occasionally initiates attacks to destroy the Chemic, which include splitting up and reforming in order to cover more ground, and shooting Alpha-Rays and Beta-Rays which destroy some of the Chemic's connected Moleks. There are total of eighteen unique patterns which must be duplicated in the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Phozon-Reception-In Japan, Game Machine listed Phozon on their December 15, 1983 issue as being the second most-popular arcade game at the time.In North America, the game was demonstrated at the Amusement & Music Operators Association (AMOA) show in October 1983, but was not licensed for release in the region. Gene Lew... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Phozon-Legacy-Phozon was re-released as part of Namco Museum Volume 3 for the Sony PlayStation along with Dig Dug, Ms. Pac-Man, Pole Position II and other Namco games. Another port was released for the iOS and Android mobile device, as part of the Namco Arcade application. Ports of the game for the Nintendo Switch and ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Polyhedral symbol-Polyhedral symbol-The polyhedral symbol is sometimes used in coordination chemistry to indicate the approximate geometry of the coordinating atoms around the central atom. One or more italicised letters indicate the geometry, e.g. TP-3 which is followed by a number that gives the coordination number o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Polyhedral symbol-Configuration index-The first step in determining the configuration index is to assign a priority number to each coordinating ligand according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules, (CIP rules). The preferred ligand takes the lowest priority number. For example, of the ligands acetonitrile, chlorid... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Polyhedral symbol-Configuration index-T shaped (TS-3) The configuration index is a single digit which is defined as the priority number of the ligand on the stem of the "T".
Seesaw (SS- 4) The configuration index has two digits which are the priority numbers of the ligands separated by the largest angle. The lowest pri... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Polyhedral symbol-Configuration index-Octahedral (OC-6) The configuration index has two digits. The first digit is the priority number of the ligand trans to the highest priority ligand. This pair is then used to define the reference axis of the octahedron. The second digit is the priority number of the ligand trans to... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Polyhedral symbol-Configuration index-Square pyramidal (SPY-4) The configuration index is a single digit which is the priority number of the ligand trans to the ligand of lowest priority in the plane perpendicular to the 4 fold axis. (If there is more than one choice then the highest numerical value second digit is tak... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Polyhedral symbol-Configuration index-Square pyramidal (SPY-5) There are two digits. The first digit is the priority number of the ligand on the fourfold (C4) axis of the idealised pyramid the second digit is the priority number of the ligand trans to ligand of lowest priority in the plane perpendicular to the 4 fold a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Polyhedral symbol-Configuration index-Other bipyramidal structures (PBPY-7, HBPY-8 and HBPY-9) The configuration index consists of two segments separated by a hyphen. The first segment consists of two digits which are the priority numbers of the ligands on the five, six or sevenfold rotation axis. The lowest numerical ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Structured concurrency-Structured concurrency-Structured concurrency is a programming paradigm aimed at improving the clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by using a structured approach to concurrent programming. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Structured concurrency-Structured concurrency-The core concept is the encapsulation of concurrent threads of execution (here encompassing kernel and userland threads and processes) by way of control flow constructs that have clear entry and exit points and that ensure all spawned threads have completed before exit. Suc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Structured concurrency-Structured concurrency-Structured concurrency is analogous to structured programming, which introduced control flow constructs that encapsulated sequential statements and subroutines. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Structured concurrency-History-The fork–join model from the 1960s, embodied by multiprocessing tools like OpenMP, is an early example of a system ensuring all threads have completed before exit. However, Smith argues that this model is not true structured concurrency as the programming language is unaware of the joinin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Structured concurrency-Variations-A major point of variation is how an error in one member of a concurrent thread tree is handled. Simple implementations will merely wait until the children and siblings of the failing thread run to completion before propagating the error to the parent scope. However, that could take an... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Fossil collecting-Fossil collecting (sometimes, in a non-scientific sense, fossil hunting) is the collection of fossils for scientific study, hobby, or profit. Fossil collecting, as practiced by amateurs, is the predecessor of modern paleontology and many still collect fossils and study fossils as ama... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Process-Locating fossils Rock type Fossils are generally found in sedimentary rock with differentiated strata representing a succession of deposited material. The occurrence of fossil bearing material depends on environmental factors before and after the time of preservation. After death, the first pr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Process-Preservation After burial various factors are at work to endanger the current fossil's preserved state. Chemical alteration would change the mineral composition of the fossil, but generally not its appearance, lithification would distort its appearance, the fossil itself may be fully or partia... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Process-Wave-washed sea cliffs and foreshore exposures are often good places to search for fossils, but always be aware of the state of the tides in the area. Never take chances by climbing high cliffs of crumbling rock or clay (many have died attempting it). Dried up natural lake beds and caves in th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Process-Generally in appearance, a fossil will be either a different colour to the surrounding rock, because of the different mineral content, will have a defining shape and texture or a combination of both. A fossil can also be extracted from its geological environment, having similar characteristics... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Process-Collecting techniques The techniques used to collect fossils vary depending on the sediment or rock in which the fossils are to be found. For collecting in rock a geological hammer, a variety of cold chisels and a mallet are used to split and break rocks to reveal fossils. Since the rock is de... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Process-Preparation and cleaning Sometimes, for smaller fossils, a stiff brush may simply be used to dust off and clean the fossil. For larger fossils, a chisel can be used to remove large bits of dirt, however, you run the risk of damaging the fossil.
Running water can cause some types of fossils to ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Process-Documentation A knowledge of the precise location a fossil is essential if the fossil is to have any scientific value. Details of the parent rock strata, the location of the find, and other fossil material associated with the find help scientists to place the fossil in context, in terms of the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Collecting ethics-To collect fossils, there are various legal realities that must be observed. Permission should be sought before collection begins on private land. Hammering the rocks in national parks and other areas of natural beauty is often discouraged and in most cases is illegal. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Collecting ethics-The first expressly worded fossil-collecting code was published from the museum-home of pioneering geologist Hugh Miller at Cromarty, on the Highland east coast of Scotland, 11 April 2008. It was introduced by Michael Russell, Minister for Environment, Scotland, as part of celebratio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Collecting ethics-The non-binding code of ethics for this field was drawn up by Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) following many months of consultation with fossil collectors, landowners, palaeontological researchers, and staff of Scotland's museums. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Collecting ethics-Fossil trade Fossil trading is the practice of buying and selling fossils. This is illegal when it comes to stolen fossils, and some important scientific specimens are sold to collectors, rather than given or obtained by museums and institutes of study. Much focus has been put on the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Collecting ethics-Many commercial fossil collectors and dealers believe that such policies are a breach of their rights. The argument has also been put forth that there are too few professional paleontologists to collect and preserve fossils currently exposed to the elements, and that it is therefore ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Societies and clubs-Many include fossil collectors. Lapidary clubs also include fossil collectors. In addition, paleontological societies and fossil clubs exist. There is some overlap between fossil collecting, mineral collecting, and amateur geology. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fossil collecting-Notable fossil collectors-Mary Anning Robert Bakker Edward Drinker Cope Phil Currie Othniel Charles Marsh Paul Sereno Charles Hazelius Sternberg Peter Larson Stan Wood Fisk Holbrook Day Triebold Paleontology Incorporated | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-QNX-QNX ( or ) is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market. QNX was one of the first commercially successful microkernel operating systems.The product was originally developed in the early 1980s by Canadian company Quantum Software Systems, later renamed QNX ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-History-Gordon Bell and Dan Dodge, both students at the University of Waterloo in 1980, took a course in real-time operating systems, in which the students constructed a basic real-time microkernel and user programs. Both were convinced there was a commercial need for such a system, and moved to the high-tech plann... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-History-One of the first widespread uses of the QNX real-time OS (RTOS) was in the nonembedded world when it was selected as the operating system for the Ontario education system's own computer design, the Unisys ICON. Over the years QNX was used mostly for larger projects, as its 44k kernel was too large to fit in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-History-In the late-1980s, Quantum realized that the market was rapidly moving towards the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) model and decided to rewrite the kernel to be much more compatible at a low level. The result was QNX 4. During this time Patrick Hayden, while working as an intern, along with Robi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-History-To demonstrate the OS's capability and relatively small size, in the late 1990s QNX released a demo image that included the POSIX-compliant QNX 4 OS, a full graphical user interface, graphical text editor, TCP/IP networking, web browser and web server that all fit on a bootable 1.44 MB floppy disk for the 3... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-History-Along with the Neutrino kernel, QNX Software Systems became a founding member of the Eclipse (integrated development environment) consortium. The company released a suite of Eclipse plug-ins packaged with the Eclipse workbench in 2002, and named QNX Momentics Tool Suite. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-History-In 2004, the company announced it had been sold to Harman International Industries. Before this acquisition, QNX software was already widely used in the automotive industry for telematics systems. Since the purchase by Harman, QNX software has been designed into over 200 different automobile makes and model... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-History-The microkernels of Cisco Systems' IOS-XR (ultra high availability IOS, introduced 2004) and IOS Software Modularity (introduced 2006) are based on QNX. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-History-In September 2007, QNX Software Systems announced the availability of some of its source code.On April 9, 2010, Research In Motion (later renamed to BlackBerry Limited) announced they would acquire QNX Software Systems from Harman International Industries. On the same day, QNX source code access was restric... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-History-At the Geneva Motor Show, Apple demonstrated CarPlay which provides an iOS-like user interface to head units in compatible vehicles. Once configured by the automaker, QNX can be programmed to hand off its display and some functions to an Apple CarPlay device.On December 11, 2014, Ford Motor Company stated t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-Technology-As a microkernel-based OS, QNX is based on the idea of running most of the operating system kernel in the form of a number of small tasks, named Resource Managers. This differs from the more traditional monolithic kernel, in which the operating system kernel is one very large program composed of a huge n... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-Technology-The QNX kernel, procnto (also name of the binary executable program for the QNX Neutrino ('nto') process ('proc') itself), contains only CPU scheduling, interprocess communication, interrupt redirection and timers. Everything else runs as a user process, including a special process known as proc which pe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-Technology-All I/O operations, file system operations, and network operations were meant to work through this mechanism, and the data transferred was copied during message passing. Later versions of QNX reduce the number of separate processes and integrate the network stack and other function blocks into single app... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-Technology-The boot loader is the other key component of the minimal microkernel system. Because user programs can be built into the boot image, the set of device drivers and support libraries needed for startup need not be, and are not, in the kernel. Even such functions as program loading are not in the kernel, b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-Technology-Neutrino supports symmetric multiprocessing and processor affinity, called bound multiprocessing (BMP) in QNX terminology. BMP is used to improve cache hitting and to ease the migration of non-SMP safe applications to multi-processor computers. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-Technology-Neutrino supports strict priority-preemptive scheduling and adaptive partition scheduling (APS). APS guarantees minimum CPU percentages to selected groups of threads, even though others may have higher priority. The adaptive partition scheduler is still strictly priority-preemptive when the system is und... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-Technology-The QNX operating system also contained a web browser known as 'Voyager'.Due to its microkernel architecture QNX is also a distributed operating system. Dan Dodge and Peter van der Veen hold U.S. Patent 6,697,876: Distributed kernel operating system based on the QNX operating system's distributed process... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-Uses-The BlackBerry PlayBook tablet computer designed by BlackBerry uses a version of QNX as the primary operating system. The BlackBerry 10 operating system is also based on QNX. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-Uses-QNX is also used in car infotainment systems with many major car makers offering variants that include an embedded QNX architecture. It is supported by popular SSL/TLS libraries such as wolfSSL.In recent years QNX has been used in automated drive or ADAS systems for automotive projects that require a functiona... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-Licensing-QNX offers a license for noncommercial and academic users. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
QNX-Community-OpenQNX is a QNX Community Portal established and run independently. An IRC channel and Newsgroups access via web is available. Diverse industries are represented by the developers on the site.
Foundry27 is a web-based QNX community established by the company. It serves as a hub to QNX Neutrino developmen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2-Hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2-Orexin receptor type 2 (Ox2R or OX2), also known as hypocretin receptor type 2 (HcrtR2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCRTR2 gene. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2-Structure-The structure of the receptor has been solved to 2.5 Å resolution as a fusion protein bound to suvorexant using lipid-mediated crystallization. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2-Function-OX2 is a G-protein coupled receptor expressed exclusively in the brain. It has 64% identity with OX1. OX2 binds both orexin A and orexin B neuropeptides. OX2 is involved in the central feedback mechanism that regulates feeding behaviour. Mice with enhanced OX2 signaling are resis... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2-Ligands-Agonists Danavorexton (TAK-925) – selective OX2 receptor agonist Firazorexton – selective OX2 receptor agonist Orexins – dual OX1 and OX2 receptor agonists Orexin-A – approximately equipotent at the OX1 and OX2 receptors Orexin-B – approximately 5- to 10-fold selectivity for the O... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Multiple sexual ornaments-Multiple sexual ornaments-Many species have multiple sexual ornaments, whereby females select mating partners using several cues instead of only one cue. Whereas this phenomenon is self-evident and hence long recognized, adaptive explanations of why females use several instead of only one sign... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Multiple sexual ornaments-Hypotheses-There are several hypotheses that attempt to explain why a male would have multiple sexual ornaments.
Multiple messages hypothesis The multiple message hypothesis states that different ornaments signal different properties of an individual's overall quality. Models support the possi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Multiple sexual ornaments-Hypotheses-Some ornaments represent long-term or short-term changes in overall condition. Elegant plumes in a bird or antlers in a deer grown once a year could signal the overall condition of an animal during the long period of growth; this is thus an example of a long-term change. Secondary c... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Multiple sexual ornaments-Hypotheses-Redundant signals hypothesis The redundant signal hypothesis, also known as back-up signal hypothesis, states that each character can only best show partial representation of overall condition. If each ornament reflected the male's quality with a certain error, then mate choice base... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Multiple sexual ornaments-Hypotheses-Unreliable signals hypothesis The unreliable signal hypothesis suggests that some signals are unreliable indicators of overall male quality. Therefore, a female should look at multiple traits because one trait could be misleading. There is some support for this hypothesis. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Multiple sexual ornaments-Hypotheses-Sexual interference hypothesis The sexual interference hypothesis proposes that additional male signals evolve to hinder female mate choice by interfering with the propagation and reception of other males' sexual signals. Females respond by evolving the ability to glean meaningful i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Migralepsy-Migralepsy-Migralepsy is a rare condition in which a migraine is followed, within an hour period, by an epileptic seizure. Because of the similarities in signs, symptoms, and treatments of both conditions, such as the neurological basis, the psychological issues, and the autonomic distress that is created fr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Migralepsy-Signs and symptoms-General symptoms of migralepsy are: Flashes of light Geometric or animate forms Visual hallucinations Vomiting Headache Blindness Loss of consciousness Convulsions | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Migralepsy-Cause-The connection between migraines and epileptic seizures is currently being researched and not much is known. Patients have been shown to have had migraines long before developing epileptic symptoms, creating the possibility of severe cases of migraines creating epilepsy. However, not every migraine may... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Migralepsy-Diagnosis-Because epileptic seizures may occur with a side effect that resembles migraine aura, it is complicated to diagnose whether a patient is having a normal epileptic episode or if it is a true migraine that is then being followed by a seizure, which would be a true sign of migralepsy. Many neurologica... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Migralepsy-Treatment-Since migralepsy is, for all intents and purposes, a combination of migraines and epilepsy, the medication for the conditions supplied individually can be combined jointly in order to lessen the effects of both. It is also helpful that many antiepileptic drugs also work as antimigraines, lessening ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dirty drug-Dirty drug-In pharmacology, a dirty drug is an informal term for drugs that may bind to many different molecular targets or receptors in the body, and so tend to have a wide range of effects and possibly adverse drug reactions. Today, pharmaceutical companies try to make new drugs as selective as possible to... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dirty drug-Dirty drug-Examples of compounds often cited as "dirty drugs" include tramadol, chlorpromazine, olanzapine, dextromethorphan, ibogaine, and ethanol, all of which bind to multiple receptors or influence multiple receptor systems. There may be instances of advantages to drugs that exhibit multi-receptor activi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex-Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex-The asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) is a primitive reflex found in newborn humans that normally vanishes around 6 months of age. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex-Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex-It is also known as the bow and arrow or "fencing reflex" because of the characteristic position of the infant's arms and head, which resembles that of a fencer. When the face is turned to one side, the arm and leg on that side extend, and the arm and leg on... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex-Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex-The fencing response occurs in adults as a result of mechanical forces applied to the head, typically associated with contact sports. The fencing response is transient and indicates moderate forces applied to the brainstem, resulting in a traumatic brain inj... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-In group theory, a branch of mathematics, the Murnaghan–Nakayama rule, named after Francis Murnaghan and Tadashi Nakayama, is a combinatorial method to compute irreducible character values of a symmetric group.
There are several generalizations of this rule beyond the rep... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-The irreducible characters of a group are of interest to mathematicians because they concisely summarize important information about the group, such as the dimensions of the vector spaces in which the elements of the group can be represented by linear transformations that... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-The Murnaghan–Nakayama rule is a combinatorial rule for computing symmetric group character values χλρ using a particular kind of Young tableaux. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Here λ and ρ are both integer partitions of some integer n, the order of the symmetric group under consideration. The partition λ specifies the irreducible character, while the partition ρ specifies the conjugacy class on whose group elements the character is evaluated to... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-There are two versions of the Murnaghan-Nakayama rule, one non-recursive and one recursive. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Non-recursive version-Theorem: χρλ=∑T∈BST(λ,ρ)(−1)ht(T) where the sum is taken over the set BST(λ,ρ) of all border-strip tableaux of shape λ and type ρ. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Non-recursive version-That is, each tableau T is a tableau such that the k-th row of T has λk boxes the boxes of T are filled with integers, with the integer i appearing ρi times the integers in every row and column are weakly increasing the set of squares filled with the integer i form a border... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Non-recursive version-It follows from this theorem that the character values of a symmetric group are integers.
For some combinations of λ and ρ, there are no border-strip tableaux. In this case, there are no terms in the sum and therefore the character value is zero. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Non-recursive version-Example Consider the calculation of one of the character values for the symmetric group of order 8, when λ is the partition (5,2,1) and ρ is the partition (3,3,1,1). The shape partition λ specifies that the tableau must have three rows, the first having 5 boxes, the second ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Recursive version-Theorem: χρλ=∑ξ∈BS(λ,ρ1)(−1)ht(ξ)χρ∖ρ1λ∖ξ where the sum is taken over the set BS(λ,ρ1) of border strips within the Young diagram of shape λ that have ρ1 boxes and whose removal leaves a valid Young diagram. The notation λ∖ξ represents the partition that results from removing ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Recursive version-Note that the right-hand side is a sum of characters for symmetric groups that have smaller order than that of the symmetric group we started with on the left-hand side. In other words, this version of the Murnaghan-Nakayama rule expresses a character of the symmetric group Sn ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Murnaghan–Nakayama rule-Recursive version-Applying this rule recursively will result in a tree of character value evaluations for smaller and smaller partitions. Each branch stops for one of two reasons: Either there are no border strips of the required length within the reduced shape, so the sum on the right is zero, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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