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Foil (fencing)-Non-electric and electric foils-Background There are two types of foil used in modern fencing. Both types are made with the same basic parts: the pommel, grip, guard, and blade. The difference between them is one is electric, and the other is known as "steam" or "dry". The blades of both varieties are ca... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-Non-electric and electric foils-Blade Foils have standardized, tapered, rectangular blades in length and cross-section that are made of tempered and annealed low-carbon steel—or maraging steel as required for international competitions. To prevent the blade from breaking or causing harm to an opponent, t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-Non-electric and electric foils-Guard assembly The guard is fastened to the blade, plug, and grip. Then the pommel, a type of fastener, is attached to the grip and holds the rest together. The type of pommel used depends on the type of grip. Two grips are used in foil: straight traditional grips with ext... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-Non-electric and electric foils-Electric foils Beginning with the 1956 Olympics, scoring in foil has been accomplished by means of registering the touch with an electric circuit. A switch at the tip of the foil registers the touch, and a metallic foil vest, or lamé, verifies that the touch is on valid ta... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-Non-electric and electric foils-Socket The electric foil contains a socket underneath the guard that connects to the scoring apparatus via the body cord and a wire that runs down a channel cut into the top of the blade. Electric foil sockets are fixed so that the body cord plugs into the weapon at the fe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-Non-electric and electric foils-Tip The tip of the electric foil terminates in a button assembly that generally consists of a barrel, plunger, spring, and retaining screws. The circuit is a "normally closed" one, meaning that at rest there is always a complete power circuit; depressing the tip breaks thi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-History-The modern foil is the training weapon for the small-sword, the common sidearm of 18th century gentleman.
Rapier and even longsword foils are also known to have been used, but their weight and use were very different. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-History-Although the foil as a blunted weapon for sword practice goes back to the 16th century (for example, in Hamlet, Shakespeare writes "let the foils be brought"), the use as a weapon for sport is more recent. The foil was used in France as a training weapon in the middle of the 18th century in order... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-History-Women's foil Women's foil was first competed at the Olympics in 1924 in Paris, and was the only Olympic fencing event in which women competed until women's épée was introduced at the 1996 Olympics. Nowadays, women's fencing is just as popular as men's, and consists of all weapons (foil, épée, and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-History-Groups Age groups are necessary to separate skill and body maturity levels in order to create a level playing field. The current age groups for foil (and also épée and sabre) are Y10 (age 10 and under), Y12 (age 12 and under), Y14 (age 14 and under), cadet (age 16 and under), junior (age 19 and u... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-History-The veteran age group consists of 40 and over, 60 and over, and 70 and over sub-groups. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-Rules-The rules for the sport of fencing are regulated by national sporting associations—in the United States, the United States Fencing Association (USFA) and internationally by the International Fencing Federation, or Fédération Internationale d'Escrime (FIE).The detailed rules for foil are listed in t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-Rules-Scoring The foil is used as a thrusting (or point) weapon only. Contact with the side of the blade (a slap or slash) does not result in a score. The tip of the foil must be depressed for at least 15 (± .5) milliseconds while in contact with the opponent's lamé (wire-mesh jacket which covers valid t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-Rules-Target area In foil the valid target area includes the torso (including the lower part of the bib of the mask) and the groin. The head (except the lower part of the bib of the mask), arms, and legs are considered off target. Touches made off-target do not count for points, but do stop play. Touches... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-Rules-Priority (right of way) Foil competition and scoring is governed by the rules of priority, also known as right of way. Originally meant to indicate which competitor would have scored the touch (or lethally injured the other), it is now a main contributor to the appeal of the sport of fencing. In es... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Foil (fencing)-Rules-The basic rules are whoever the referee judges to be the attacking fencer has "priority". This "priority" can be changed in several ways. The first is the defending fencer deflects the attack from the fencer with "priority" with the forte (strong) of their blade (a "parry"). This switches the "prio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon dating the Dead Sea Scrolls-Carbon dating the Dead Sea Scrolls-Carbon dating the Dead Sea Scrolls refers to a series of radiocarbon dating tests performed on the Dead Sea Scrolls, first by the AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) lab of the Zurich Institute of Technology in 1991 and then by the AMS Facility at th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon dating the Dead Sea Scrolls-Testing-One of the earliest carbon dating tests was carried out on November 14, 1950. This was on a piece of linen from Qumran Cave 1, the resulting date range being 167 BCE – 233 CE. Libby had first started using the dating method in 1946 and the early testing required relatively lar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon dating the Dead Sea Scrolls-14C Test results-The following table shows all the Qumran-related samples that were tested by Zurich (Z), Tucson (T) and Libby (L). The column headed "14C Age" provides a raw age before 1950 for each sample tested. This represents the ideal date for the amount of 14C measured for the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon dating the Dead Sea Scrolls-14C Test results-Non-scroll material tested: Many of the date ranges provided are actually two date ranges, for example the Habakkuk Commentary (#13), which is given as 160–148 or 111–2 CE. The section of the calibration curve for the 14C age of the Habakkuk Commentary is complex, so ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Carbon dating the Dead Sea Scrolls-Observations-The Great Isaiah Scroll 1QIsaa has been tested three times, once by Libby, once at Zurich and once at Tucson. The results from the latter two were almost identical, which is a good indicator of the basic accuracy of this dating method. 1QS (#15), tested at Zurich, and 4QS... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Langton's ant-Langton's ant-Langton's ant is a two-dimensional universal Turing machine with a very simple set of rules but complex emergent behavior. It was invented by Chris Langton in 1986 and runs on a square lattice of black and white cells. The universality of Langton's ant was proven in 2000. The idea has been g... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Langton's ant-Rules-Squares on a plane are colored variously either black or white. We arbitrarily identify one square as the "ant". The ant can travel in any of the four cardinal directions at each step it takes. The "ant" moves according to the rules below: At a white square, turn 90° clockwise, flip the color of the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Langton's ant-Modes of behavior-These simple rules lead to complex behavior. Three distinct modes of behavior are apparent, when starting on a completely white grid.
Simplicity. During the first few hundred moves it creates very simple patterns which are often symmetric.
Chaos. After a few hundred moves, a large, irreg... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Langton's ant-Modes of behavior-Emergent order. Finally the ant starts building a recurrent "highway" pattern of 104 steps that repeats indefinitely.All finite initial configurations tested eventually converge to the same repetitive pattern, suggesting that the "highway" is an attractor of Langton's ant, but no one has... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Langton's ant-Computational universality-In 2000, Gajardo et al. showed a construction that calculates any boolean circuit using the trajectory of a single instance of Langton's ant. Additionally, it would be possible to simulate an arbitrary Turing machine using the ant's trajectory for computation. This means that th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Langton's ant-Extension to multiple colors-Greg Turk and Jim Propp considered a simple extension to Langton's ant where instead of just two colors, more colors are used. The colors are modified in a cyclic fashion. A simple naming scheme is used: for each of the successive colors, a letter "L" or "R" is used to indicat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Langton's ant-Extension to multiple colors-Some of these extended Langton's ants produce patterns that become symmetric over and over again. One of the simplest examples is the ant "RLLR". One sufficient condition for this to happen is that the ant's name, seen as a cyclic list, consists of consecutive pairs of identic... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Langton's ant-Extension to multiple colors-Some example patterns in the multiple-color extension of Langton's ants: The hexagonal grid permits up to six different rotations, which are notated here as N (no change), R1 (60° clockwise), R2 (120° clockwise), U (180°), L2 (120° counter-clockwise), L1 (60° counter-clockwise... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Langton's ant-Extension to multiple states-A further extension of Langton's ants is to consider multiple states of the Turing machine – as if the ant itself has a color that can change. These ants are called turmites, a contraction of "Turing machine termites". Common behaviours include the production of highways, chao... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Langton's ant-Extension to multiple ants-Multiple Langton's ants can co-exist on the 2D plane, and their interactions give rise to complex, higher-order automata that collectively build a wide variety of organized structures. There are different ways of modelling their interaction and the results of the simulation may... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Langton's ant-Extension to multiple ants-Multiple turmites can co-exist on the 2D plane as long as there is a rule that defines what happens when they meet. Ed Pegg, Jr. considered ants that can turn for example both left and right, splitting in two and annihilating each other when they meet. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Promoter (genetics)-In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promote... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Promoter (genetics)-Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism.Promoters control gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes. RNA po... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Promoter (genetics)-Artificial promoters with conserved -10 and -35 elements transcribe more slowly. All DNAs have "Closely spaced promoters" Divergent, tandem, and convergent orientations are possible. Two closely spaced promoters will likely interfere. Regulatory elements can be several kilobases ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Promoter (genetics)-In eukaryotes, the transcriptional complex can bend DNA, allowing regulatory sequences to be placed far from the transcription site. The distal promoter is upstream of the gene and may contain additional regulatory elements with a weaker influence. RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) bou... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Promoter (genetics)-Hypermethylation downregulates both genes, while demethylation upregulates them. Non-coding RNAs are linked to mRNA promoter regions, according to research. Subgenomic promoters range from 24 to 100 nucleotides (Beet necrotic yellow vein virus). Gene expression depends on promote... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Overview-For transcription to take place, the enzyme that synthesizes RNA, known as RNA polymerase, must attach to the DNA near a gene. Promoters contain specific DNA sequences such as response elements that provide a secure initial binding site for RNA polymerase and for proteins called transcripti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Overview-In bacteria The promoter is recognized by RNA polymerase and an associated sigma factor, which in turn are often brought to the promoter DNA by an activator protein's binding to its own DNA binding site nearby.
In eukaryotes The process is more complicated, and at least seven different fact... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Identification of relative location-As promoters are typically immediately adjacent to the gene in question, positions in the promoter are designated relative to the transcriptional start site, where transcription of DNA begins for a particular gene (i.e., positions upstream are negative numbers cou... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Relative location in the cell nucleus-In the cell nucleus, it seems that promoters are distributed preferentially at the edge of the chromosomal territories, likely for the co-expression of genes on different chromosomes. Furthermore, in humans, promoters show certain structural features characteris... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-Bacterial In bacteria, the promoter contains two short sequence elements approximately 10 (Pribnow Box) and 35 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site.
The sequence at -10 (the -10 element) has the consensus sequence TATAAT.
The sequence at -35 (the -35 element) has the conse... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-The above consensus sequences, while conserved on average, are not found intact in most promoters. On average, only 3 to 4 of the 6 base pairs in each consensus sequence are found in any given promoter. Few natural promoters have been identified to date that possess intact consensus sequenc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-The optimal spacing between the -35 and -10 sequences is 17 bp. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-Some promoters contain one or more upstream promoter element (UP element) subsites (consensus sequence 5'-AAAAAARNR-3' when centered in the -42 region; consensus sequence 5'-AWWWWWTTTTT-3' when centered in the -52 region; W = A or T; R = A or G; N = any base).The above promoter sequences ar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-← upstream downstream --> 5'-XXXXXXXPPPPPPXXXXXXPPPPPPXXXXGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGXXXX-3' -35 -10 Gene to be transcribed Probability of occurrence of each nucleotide for -10 sequence T A T A A T 77% 76% 60% 61% 56% 82% for -35 sequence T T G A C A 69% 79% 61% 56... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-These pairs of promoters can be positioned in divergent, tandem, and convergent directions. They can also be regulated by transcription factors and differ in various features, such as the nucleotide distance between them, the two promoter strengths, etc.
The most important aspect of two clo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-More recently, one study measured most genes controlled by tandem promoters in E. coli. In that study, it was measured and then modeled two main forms of interference. One is when an RNAP is on the downstream promoter, blocking the movement of RNAPs elongating from the upstream promoter. Th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-Similar events occur when the promoters are in divergent and convergent formations. The possible events also depend on the distance between them.
Eukaryotic Eukaryotic promoters are diverse and can be difficult to characterize, however, recent studies show that they are divided in more than... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-Gene promoters are typically located upstream of the gene and can have regulatory elements several kilobases away from the transcriptional start site (enhancers). In eukaryotes, the transcriptional complex can cause the DNA to bend back on itself, which allows for placement of regulatory se... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-Eukaryotic promoter regulatory sequences typically bind proteins called transcription factors that are involved in the formation of the transcriptional complex. An example is the E-box (sequence CACGTG), which binds transcription factors in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family (e.g. BMA... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-Core promoter – the minimal portion of the promoter required to properly initiate transcriptionIncludes the transcription start site (TSS) and elements directly upstream A binding site for RNA polymerase RNA polymerase I: transcribes genes encoding 18S, 5.8S and 28S ribosomal RNAs RNA polym... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-Many other elements/motifs may be present. There is no such thing as a set of "universal elements" found in every core promoter. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-Proximal promoter – the proximal sequence upstream of the gene that tends to contain primary regulatory elements Approximately 250 base pairs upstream of the start site Specific transcription factor binding sites Distal promoter – the distal sequence upstream of the gene that may contain ad... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-Bidirectional (mammalian) Bidirectional promoters are short (<1 kbp) intergenic regions of DNA between the 5' ends of the genes in a bidirectional gene pair. A “bidirectional gene pair” refers to two adjacent genes coded on opposite strands, with their 5' ends oriented toward one another. T... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Elements-The overrepresentation of bidirectionally paired DNA repair genes associates these promoters with cancer. Forty-five percent of human somatic oncogenes seem to be regulated by bidirectional promoters – significantly more than non-cancer causing genes. Hypermethylation of the promoters betwe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Subgenomic-A subgenomic promoter is a promoter added to a virus for a specific heterologous gene, resulting in the formation of mRNA for that gene alone. Many positive-sense RNA viruses produce these subgenomic mRNAs (sgRNA) as one of the common infection techniques used by these viruses and general... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Detection-A wide variety of algorithms have been developed to facilitate detection of promoters in genomic sequence, and promoter prediction is a common element of many gene prediction methods. A promoter region is located before the -35 and -10 Consensus sequences. The closer the promoter region is... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Evolutionary change-Changes in promoter sequences are critical in evolution as indicated by the relatively stable number of genes in many lineages. For instance, most vertebrates have roughly the same number of protein-coding genes (about 20,000) which are often highly conserved in sequence, hence m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Binding-The initiation of the transcription is a multistep sequential process that involves several mechanisms: promoter location, initial reversible binding of RNA polymerase, conformational changes in RNA polymerase, conformational changes in DNA, binding of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) to the fu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Binding-Location Although RNA polymerase holoenzyme shows high affinity to non-specific sites of the DNA, this characteristic does not allow us to clarify the process of promoter location. This process of promoter location has been attributed to the structure of the holoenzyme to DNA and sigma 4 to ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Diseases associated with aberrant function-Most diseases are heterogeneous in cause, meaning that one "disease" is often many different diseases at the molecular level, though symptoms exhibited and response to treatment may be identical. How diseases of different molecular origin respond to treatme... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Diseases associated with aberrant function-Not listed here are the many kinds of cancers involving aberrant transcriptional regulation owing to creation of chimeric genes through pathological chromosomal translocation. Importantly, intervention in the number or structure of promoter-bound proteins i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-CpG islands in promoters-In humans, about 70% of promoters located near the transcription start site of a gene (proximal promoters) contain a CpG island. CpG islands are generally 200 to 2000 base pairs long, have a C:G base pair content >50%, and have regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-CpG islands in promoters-Distal promoters also frequently contain CpG islands, such as the promoter of the DNA repair gene ERCC1, where the CpG island-containing promoter is located about 5,400 nucleotides upstream of the coding region of the ERCC1 gene. CpG islands also occur frequently in promoter... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Methylation of CpG islands stably silences genes-In humans, DNA methylation occurs at the 5' position of the pyrimidine ring of the cytosine residues within CpG sites to form 5-methylcytosines. The presence of multiple methylated CpG sites in CpG islands of promoters causes stable silencing of genes... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Promoter CpG hyper/hypo-methylation in cancer-Generally, in progression to cancer, hundreds of genes are silenced or activated. Although silencing of some genes in cancers occurs by mutation, a large proportion of carcinogenic gene silencing is a result of altered DNA methylation (see DNA methylatio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Promoter CpG hyper/hypo-methylation in cancer-Altered expressions of microRNAs also silence or activate many genes in progression to cancer (see microRNAs in cancer). Altered microRNA expression occurs through hyper/hypo-methylation of CpG sites in CpG islands in promoters controlling transcription ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Canonical sequences and wild-type-The usage of the term canonical sequence to refer to a promoter is often problematic, and can lead to misunderstandings about promoter sequences. Canonical implies perfect, in some sense.
In the case of a transcription factor binding site, there may be a single sequ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Synthetic promoter design and engineering-Promoters are important gene regulatory elements used in tuning synthetically designed genetic circuits and metabolic networks. For example, to overexpress an important gene in a network, to yield higher production of target protein, synthetic biologists des... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Diseases that may be associated with variations-Some cases of many genetic diseases are associated with variations in promoters or transcription factors.
Examples include: Asthma Beta thalassemia Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Constitutive vs regulated-Some promoters are called constitutive as they are active in all circumstances in the cell, while others are regulated, becoming active in the cell only in response to specific stimuli. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Tissue-Specific Promoter-Slc6a4, PDGF, PDGFRb, CX3CR1, TRPA1, Krt5, actb, aMHC, 1a1kin, Cck, zDC, cFos, Hand1, Rosa, Insl5, Cart, Sctr, Ins1, Nrsn1, Foxp3, Tph, Cnr1, Pzp, CD23, Cx40, Foxn1, Rspo3, Krt13, Pnoc, ChAT, MMTV, Myh6, Sftpc, Mlc2a, Atf3, Pirt, Dbh, Villin, CD4, Vav1, Sox2, Dat, Pdx1, Cal... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Promoter (genetics)-Use of the term-When referring to a promoter some authors actually mean promoter + operator; i.e., the lac promoter is IPTG inducible, meaning that besides the lac promoter, the lac operon is also present. If the lac operator were not present the IPTG would not have an inducible effect.
Another exam... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Striker (video game)-Striker (video game)-Striker is a soccer video game series first released by Rage Software in 1992.
Later also for the Commodore Amiga, Amiga CD32, Atari ST, PC, Mega Drive/Genesis, and Super NES. It was bundled in one of the Amiga 1200 launch packs. It was one of the first soccer games to feature ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Striker (video game)-Striker (video game)-In 1993 it was released in Japan by Coconuts Japan for the Super Famicom as World Soccer (ワールドサッカー, Wārudo Sakkā), while the French Super NES version of Striker is known as Eric Cantona Football Challenge, playing on the popularity of French forward Eric Cantona, while the Nort... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Striker (video game)-Critical reaction-The game received a mixed reaction from the gaming press, with some condemning and others praising its extreme speed. For example, CU Amiga Magazine awarded the game 94% in its June 1992 issue along with the CU Amiga Screenstar award while German magazine Amiga Joker awards the ga... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Striker (video game)-Ports/Sequels-Ports Striker was ported to several consoles between 1992 and 1999.
World Soccer '94: Road to Glory (SNES) The Super NES port World Soccer '94: Road to Glory, known as Striker in Europe, Eric Cantona Football Challenge in France and World Soccer in Japan) was released in North America... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Striker (video game)-Ports/Sequels-The game lets the player choose from five different modes, including indoor soccer, and then pick from 128 different international teams, all with different strengths and weaknesses. Unlike in the original game where the strongest or the most well-known teams had real names, in World ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Striker (video game)-Ports/Sequels-There are many options and features, for example, the pitch surface changes field conditions in outdoor friendlies; wet surfaces are slower than drier ones. Wind Strength can affect the flight of the ball, new FIFA Rules affects whether or not extra time will use the "Golden Goal" (su... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Striker (video game)-Ports/Sequels-List of ports Sequels A sequel, World Cup Striker (known in North America as Elite Soccer), was released for the Super NES in 1994. It was basically a repackaged version of Striker, but slightly better. It was published in Japan by Coconuts Japan and in Europe by Elite.
A Game Boy gam... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Striker (video game)-Ports/Sequels-Also, Striker Pro was released in Europe and North America for the CD-i. In 1995, Striker: World Cup Special was released for the 3DO. A version of Striker '95 was in development for the Atari Jaguar but never released. An entry in the Striker franchise was in the works for the Panaso... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Striker (video game)-Ports/Sequels-A follow up, UEFA 2001, was announced for the Dreamcast in 2000, but was cancelled in October 2000 when Infogrames was re-evaluating their Dreamcast support, and the game was never released on any platform. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Chicken as food-Chicken is the most common type of poultry in the world. Owing to the relative ease and low cost of raising chickens—in comparison to mammals such as cattle or hogs—chicken meat (commonly called just "chicken") and chicken eggs have become prevalent in numerous cuisines. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Chicken as food-Chicken can be prepared in a vast range of ways, including baking, grilling, barbecuing, frying, and boiling. Since the latter half of the 20th century, prepared chicken has become a staple of fast food. Chicken is sometimes cited as being more healthful than red meat, with lower concent... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-History-The modern chicken is a descendant of red junglefowl hybrids along with the grey junglefowl first raised thousands of years ago in the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent.Chicken as a meat has been depicted in Babylonian carvings from around 600 BC. Chicken was one of the most common meats... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Breeding-Modern varieties of chicken such as the Cornish Cross, are bred specifically for meat production, with an emphasis placed on the ratio of feed to meat produced by the animal. The most common breeds of chicken consumed in the U.S. are Cornish and White Rock.Chickens raised specifically for food ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Edible components-Main Breast: These are white meat and are relatively dry. The breast has two segments which are sold together on bone-in breasts, but separated on boneless breasts: The "breast", when sold as boneless, and two "tenderloin", located on each side between the breast meat and the ribs. The... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Health-Chicken meat contains about two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat when measured as weight percentage.Chicken generally includes low fat in the meat itself (castrated roosters excluded). The fat is highly concentrated on the skin. A 100g serving of baked chicken ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Health-Use of roxarsone in chicken production In factory farming, chickens are routinely administered with the feed additive roxarsone, an organoarsenic compound which partially decomposes into inorganic arsenic compounded in the flesh of chickens, and in their feces, which are often used as a fertilize... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Health-Antibiotic resistance Information obtained by the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance (CIPARS) "strongly indicates that cephalosporin resistance in humans is moving in lockstep with the use of the drug in poultry production". According to the Canadian Medical Association Jour... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Health-Fecal matter contamination In random surveys of chicken products across the United States in 2012, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine found 48% of samples to contain fecal matter. On most commercial chicken farms, the chickens spend their entire life standing in, lying on, and livi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Health-During shipping from the concentrated animal feeding operation farm to the abattoir, the chickens are usually placed inside shipping crates that usually have slatted floors. Those crates are then piled 5 to 10 rows high on the transport truck to the abattoir. During shipment, the chickens tend to... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Health-There is also fecal matter in the intestines. While the slaughter process removes the feathers and intestines, only visible fecal matter is removed. The high speed automated processes at the abattoir are not designed to remove this fecal contamination on the feather and skin. The high speed proce... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Marketing and sales-Chicken is sold both as whole birds and broken down into pieces.
In the United Kingdom, juvenile chickens of less than 28 days of age at slaughter are marketed as poussin. Mature chicken is sold as small, medium or large. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Marketing and sales-In the United States, whole mature chickens are marketed as fryers, broilers, and roasters. Fryers are the smallest size (2.5-4 lbs dressed for sale), and the most common, as chicken reach this size quickly (about 7 weeks). Broilers are larger than fryers. Roasters, or roasting hens,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Marketing and sales-Chicken is also sold broken down into pieces. Such pieces usually come from smaller birds that would qualify as fryers if sold whole. Pieces may include quarters, or fourths of the chicken. A chicken is typically cut into two leg quarters and two breast quarters. Each quarter contain... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Marketing and sales-Worldwide, there are many fast food restaurant chains that sell exclusively or primarily poultry products including KFC (global), Red Rooster (Australia), Hector Chicken (Belgium) and CFC (Indonesia). Most of the products on the menus in such eateries are fried or breaded and are ser... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Cooking-Raw chicken may contain Salmonella. The safe minimum cooking temperature recommended by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services is 165 °F (74 °C) to prevent foodborne illness because of bacteria and parasites. However, in Japan raw chicken is sometimes consumed in a dish called torisashi,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chicken as food-Cooking-Chickens often come with labels such as "roaster", which suggest a method of cooking based on the type of chicken. While these labels are only suggestions, ones labeled for stew often do not do well when cooked with other methods.Some chicken breast cuts and processed chicken breast products inc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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