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Molecular knot-Molecular knot-In chemistry, a molecular knot is a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture that is analogous to a macroscopic knot. Naturally-forming molecular knots are found in organic molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins. It is not certain that naturally occurring knots are evolutionarily adv... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Molecular knot-Naturally occurring molecular knots-Organic molecules containing knots may fall into the categories of slipknots or pseudo-knots. They are not considered mathematical knots because they are not a closed curve, but rather a knot that exists within an otherwise linear chain, with termini at each end. Knott... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Molecular knot-Naturally occurring molecular knots-Knotted DNA was found first by Liu et al. in 1981, in single-stranded, circular, bacterial DNA, though double-stranded circular DNA has been found to also form knots. Naturally knotted RNA has not yet been reported.A number of proteins containing naturally occurring mo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Molecular knot-Chemically synthesized molecular knots-Several synthetic molecular knots have been reported. Knot types that have been successfully synthesized in molecules are 31,41,51 and 819 knots. Though the −52 and +61 knots have been found to naturally occur in knotted molecules, they have not been successfully... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Molecular knot-History-The first researcher to suggest the existence of a molecular knot in a protein was Jane Richardson in 1977, who reported that carbonic anhydrase B (CAB) exhibited apparent knotting during her survey of various proteins' topological behavior. However, the researcher generally attributed with the d... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Molecular knot-History-In 2007, Eric Yeates reported the identification of a molecular slipknot, which is when the molecule contains knotted subchains even though their backbone chain as a whole is unknotted and does not contain completely knotted structures that are easily detectable by computational models. Mathemati... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Molecular knot-History-A pentafoil knot prepared using dynamic covalent chemistry was synthesized by Ayme et al. in 2012, which at the time was the most complex non-DNA molecular knot prepared to date. Later in 2016, a fully organic pentafoil knot was also reported, including the very first use of a molecular knot to a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Molecular knot-Applications-Many synthetic molecular knots have a distinct globular shape and dimensions that make them potential building blocks in nanotechnology. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Farid Melgani-Farid Melgani-Farid Melgani is an engineer at the University of Trento, Italy. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2016 for his contributions to image analysis in remote sensing. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Bromocyclopentane-Bromocyclopentane-Bromocyclopentane is an alkyl halide with the chemical formula C5H9Br. It is a colorless to light yellow liquid at standard temperature and pressure.
Bromocyclopentane is a building block used in the synthesis of filaminast.Bromocyclopentane is reacted with magnesium turnings in dry ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-CeVIO-CeVIO is the collective name of a range of computer software projects, including Vision (digital signage) and Creative Studio (audio creation software). CeVIO was made to assist in the creation of user-generated content. It works via text-to-speech method. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Overview-It allows audio creation software for speech and voice synthesizing. Speech and Song are this program's main features. The Speech portion offers a large dictionary of words to which Sato Sasara, Suzuki Tsudumi, and Takahashi speak from and are accurate in the Japanese language, although the option to man... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Overview-CeVIO Creative Studio's speech intonation can be controlled with three parameters: cheery, angry, and sad. Other things can be controlled as well, such as volume and speed of consonants and vowels. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Overview-The software was initially released as "CeVIO Creative Studio FREE" with Sato Sasara as the only voice. One was free to create tracks, insert lyrics, and add breaths to the end of notes, but even then those would get caught up in the end of her already automatically set breaths. Anything else would requi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Overview-In the full version, more options for fine-tuning became available. Fine-Tune Amplitude Timing, which allows editing of the choppiness. In addition to pitch, pitch-bends can now also be adjusted, along with vibrato, vibrato timing, volume and dynamics. Gender factor is also available, which makes the voi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Products-CeVIO Project Sato Sasara (さとうささら) (Free, CCS, AI, VS), a female vocal for CeVIO Free, CeVIO Creative Studio, CeVIO AI and VoiSona capable of speech and singing.
Suzuki Tsudumi (すずきつづみ) (CCS,AI), a female vocal for CeVIO Creative Studio and CeVIO AI capable of speech and singing.
Takahashi (タカハシ) (CCS), ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Products-1st PLACE ONE (オネ) (CCS, AI) is a female vocal for CeVIO Creative Studio and CeVIO AI capable of speech and singing. She is the second vocal in the "- ARIA ON THE PLANETES -" project, the first being the Vocaloid IA. She was released on January 27, 2015, with a speaking voicebank only. A singing voiceban... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Products-IA (イア) (CCS, AI) is a female vocal for CeVIO Creative Studio and CeVIO AI capable of speech and singing, originally released for VOCALOID3 in the "- ARIA ON THE PLANETES -" project. A talking CeVIO vocal was received in March 2017, named "IA TALK -ARIA ON THE PLANETES". On June 29, 2018, IA English C wa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Products-Akasaki Minato (赤咲湊) (CCS), is a male vocal for CeVIO Creative Studio only capable of singing, he is the first member of the "Color Voice Series", a series of singing-only voicebanks by XING Inc. He is illustrated as a 25-year-old male representing the color red. He was released alongside Midorizaki Kasu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Products-Midorizaki Kasumi (緑咲香澄) (CCS), is a female vocal for CeVIO Creative Studio only capable of singing, she is the second member of the series. She is illustrated as a 27-year-old female representing the color green. She was released alongside Akasaki Minato on February 19, 2015. The vocal is a counterpart ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Products-Bushiroad POPY (AI), is a female vocal for CeVIO AI only capable of singing, she is one of the two voice-banks created as part of a collaboration between the BanG Dream! franchise and CeVIO. POPY is based on the character Kasumi Toyama, vocalist of BanG Dream! band Poppin'Party. POPY is an AI vocal, with... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Products-ROSE (AI), is a female vocal for CeVIO AI only capable of singing, she is the second vocal created for the BanG Dream! x CeVIO project. She is based on the character Yukina Minato, vocalist of Roselia, with AI data recorded from previous Roselia songs. Her voice is provided by Yukina's voice actress Aina... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Products-SSS Tohoku Kiritan（東北きりたん) (AI), is a female vocal for CeVIO AI only capable of singing.
Tohoku Itako（東北イタコ）(AI), is a female vocal for CeVIO AI only capable of singing.
Tohoku Zunko（東北ずん子）(AI), is a female vocal for CeVIO AI only capable of singing.
VOCALOMAKETS Yuzuki Yukari（結月ゆかり) (AI, VS), is a femal... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Products-Chinese Female Vocal (CCS, AI), Chinese Female Vocal is produced by Techno-Speech. In 2018 an article was published by Techno-Speech showcasing Japanese, English and Chinese samples of their at the time upcoming AI technology compared to their current technology. The Japanese voice shown was Sato Sasara,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Products-Luo Tianyi (洛天依) (CCS), Luo Tianyi is developed by Shanghai Henian. Her name was found in CeVIO Creative Studio's files and she was listed as a female Chinese Talk bank. The details of her cancellation are unknown Sara (CCS), Sara is developed by XING Inc. Her name was found in CeVIO Creative Studio's fi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Products-Carter (CCS), Carter is developed by XING Inc. His name was found in CeVIO Creative Studio's files and he was listed as a male English Song bank. The details of his cancellation are unknown.
Yuri (CCS), is a female vocal for CeVIO Creative Studio capable only of singing used in the "Copy & Loid" game.
Mi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CeVIO-Reception-In 2013 it won the Microsoft Innovation Award 2013 award. It also won an award in the CEDEC Awards 2013 event, after receiving 300,000 downloads. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device-Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device-A flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD), also referred to as a manually triggered ventilation device (MTV), is used to assist ventilation in apneic or hypoventilating patients, although these devi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device-Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device-A trigger or level positioned to allow both hands to remain on the mask to provide an airtight seal while supporting and tilting the patients head.
A peak flow rate of 100% oxygen at up to 40 L/min.
An audible alarm th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DarkTek Sourcebook-DarkTek Sourcebook-DarkTek Sourcebook is a supplement published by Game Designers' Workshop in 1991 for the near-future horror role-playing game Dark Conspiracy. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DarkTek Sourcebook-Contents-DarkTek Sourcebook, written by Charles E. Gannon, with cover art by John Zeleznik, describes new items for a Dark Conspiracy campaign, including the biologic weapons used by the Dark Minions, the constructs used by the ETs, and the advanced technology used by humans. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
DarkTek Sourcebook-Reception-In the September 1992 edition of Dragon (Issue #185), Allen Varney thought that this book "shows a shivery imagination that conveys the game’s flavor better than the rulebook did." Varney concluded with a thumbs up, saying, "Put an Obedience Bug (page 16) in your referee’s ear and compel hi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mystery Diagnosis-Mystery Diagnosis-Mystery Diagnosis is a television docudrama series that aired on OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network. Each episode focuses on two or more individuals who have struggled with obscure medical ailments, and their quest for a diagnosis. The program details the patients' and doctors' difficulty in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mystery Diagnosis-Mystery Diagnosis-The series debuted on Discovery Health Channel in 2005, and was continued when the Oprah Winfrey Network replaced Discovery Health on January 1, 2011. The last season premiered January 5, 2011. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mystery Diagnosis-Description-Each episode tells the stories of two patients who experienced difficult to diagnose medical conditions. Each segment generally begins with a short description of the patient's life before they fell ill (or in the case of a young child, the parents' life before the child was born). The sym... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mystery Diagnosis-Description-While the majority of the conditions examined in the series are unusual or rare conditions (such as cryoglobulinemia) or genetic disorders, well-known conditions such as epilepsy, Myasthenia gravis, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, heart disease, Crohn's disease, pulmonary hypertension, Lym... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mystery Diagnosis-Other activities-In 2009, Mystery Diagnosis was named the program partner in organizing Rare Disease Day, an observance intended to raise awareness of rare diseases among the general public and policy-makers. Mystery Diagnosis worked with the United States coordinator, National Organization for Rare D... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Species richness, or biodiversity, increases from the poles to the tropics for a wide variety of terrestrial and marine organisms, often referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient. The latitudinal diversity gradient is one of t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Understanding the global distribution of biodiversity is one of the most significant objectives for ecologists and biogeographers. Beyond purely scientific goals and satisfying curiosity, this understanding is essential for applied is... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Patterns in the past-The latitudinal diversity gradient is a noticeable pattern among modern organisms that has been described qualitatively and quantitatively. It has been studied at various taxonomic levels, through different time periods and across many geographic regions (... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-Although many of the hypotheses exploring the latitudinal diversity gradient are closely related and interdependent, most of the major hypotheses can be split into three general hypotheses.
Spatial/Area hypotheses There are five major hypotheses that dep... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-Mid-domain effect Using computer simulations, Cowell and Hurt (1994) and Willing and Lyons (1998) first pointed out that if species’ latitudinal ranges were randomly shuffled within the geometric constraints of a bounded biogeographical domain (e.g. the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-Geographical area hypothesis Another spatial hypothesis is the geographical area hypothesis (Terborgh 1973). It asserts that the tropics are the largest biome and that large tropical areas can support more species. More area in the tropics allows species... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-A critique of the geographical area hypothesis is that even if the tropics is the most extensive of the biomes, successive biomes north of the tropics all have about the same area. Thus, if the geographical area hypothesis is correct these regions should... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-The effect of area on biodiversity patterns has been shown to be scale-dependent, having the strongest effect among species with small geographical ranges compared to those species with large ranges who are affected more so by other factors such as the m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-Species-energy hypothesis The species energy hypothesis suggests the amount of available energy sets limits to the richness of the system. Thus, increased solar energy (with an abundance of water) at low latitudes causes increased net primary productivit... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-One critique of this hypothesis has been that increased species richness over broad spatial scales is not necessarily linked to an increased number of individuals, which in turn is not necessarily related to increased productivity. Additionally, the obse... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-Climate harshness hypothesis Another climate-related hypothesis is the climate harshness hypothesis, which states the latitudinal diversity gradient may exist simply because fewer species can physiologically tolerate conditions at higher latitudes than a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-Climate stability hypothesis Similarly to the climate harshness hypothesis, climate stability is suggested to be the reason for the latitudinal diversity gradient. The mechanism for this hypothesis is that while a fluctuating environment may increase the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-Critiques for this hypothesis include the fact that there are many exceptions to the assumption that climate stability means higher species diversity. For example, low species diversity is known to occur often in stable environments such as tropical moun... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-Historical/Evolutionary hypotheses There are four main hypotheses that are related to historical and evolutionary explanations for the increase of species diversity towards the equator. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-The historical perturbation hypothesis The historical perturbation hypothesis proposes the low species richness of higher latitudes is a consequence of an insufficient time period available for species to colonize or recolonize areas because of historica... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-The evolutionary speed hypothesis The evolutionary speed hypothesis argues higher evolutionary rates due to shorter generation times in the tropics have caused higher speciation rates and thus increased diversity at low latitudes. Higher evolutionary rat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-The hypothesis of effective evolutionary time The hypothesis of effective evolutionary time assumes that diversity is determined by the evolutionary time under which ecosystems have existed under relatively unchanged conditions, and by evolutionary speed... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-The integrated evolutionary speed hypothesis The integrated evolutionary speed hypothesis argues that species diversity increases due to faster rates of genetic evolution and speciation at lower latitudes where ecosystem productivity is generally greater... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Hypotheses for pattern-Biotic hypotheses Biotic hypotheses claim ecological species interactions such as competition, predation, mutualism, and parasitism are stronger in the tropics and these interactions promote species coexistence and specialization of species, leading to g... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Synthesis and conclusions-There are many other hypotheses related to the latitudinal diversity gradient, but the above hypotheses are a good overview of the major ones still cited today. It is important to note that many of these hypotheses are similar to and dependent on one ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Synthesis and conclusions-The generality of the latitudinal diversity gradient An extensive meta-analysis of nearly 600 latitudinal gradients from published literature tested the generality of the latitudinal diversity gradient across different organismal, habitat and regional... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Synthesis and conclusions-Data robustness One of the main assumptions about latitudinal diversity gradients and patterns in species richness is that the underlying data (i.e., the lists of species at specific locations) are complete. However, this assumption is not met in most... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity-Synthesis and conclusions-Conclusion The fundamental macroecological question that the latitudinal diversity gradient depends on is "What causes patterns in species richness?". Species richness ultimately depends on whatever proximate factors are found to affect processes of s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Skinny Client Control Protocol-Skinny Client Control Protocol-The Skinny Client Control Protocol (SCCP) is a proprietary network terminal control protocol originally developed by Selsius Systems, which was acquired by Cisco Systems in 1998. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Skinny Client Control Protocol-Skinny Client Control Protocol-SCCP is a lightweight IP-based protocol for session signaling with Cisco Unified Communications Manager, formerly named CallManager. The protocol architecture is similar to the media gateway control protocol architecture, in that is decomposes the function o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Skinny Client Control Protocol-Protocol components-An SCCP client uses TCP/IP to communicate with one or more Call Manager applications in a cluster. It uses the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) over UDP-transport for the bearer traffic (real-time audio stream) with other Skinny clients or an H.323 terminal. SCCP is ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Skinny Client Control Protocol-Protocol components-Some Cisco analog media gateways, such as the VG248 gateway, register and communicate with Cisco Unified Communications Manager using SCCP. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Skinny Client Control Protocol-Origin-Cisco acquired SCCP technology when it acquired Selsius Corporation in 1998. For this reason the protocol is also referred to in Cisco documentation as the Selsius Skinny Station Protocol. Another remnant of the origin of the Cisco IP phones is the default device name format for re... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Skinny Client Control Protocol-Client examples-Examples of SCCP client devices include the Cisco 7900 series of IP phones, Cisco IP Communicator softphone, and the 802.11b wireless Wireless IP Phone 7920, along with Cisco Unity voicemail server. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Skinny Client Control Protocol-Other implementations-Other companies, such as Symbol Technologies, SocketIP, and Digium, have implemented the protocol in VoIP terminals and IP phones, media gateway controllers, and softswitches. An open source implementation of a call agent is available in the Asterisk and FreeSWITCH s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Resource Kit-Resource Kit is a term used by Microsoft for a set of software resources and documentation released for their software products, but which is not part of that product. Resource kits offer supplementary resources such as technical guidance, compatibility and troubleshooting information, managem... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Overview-The most common form of the Resource Kits are as a large book or box set of books which come with CD-ROM(s), both of which have been supplemented in some cases such as the Resource Kits for Windows NT Server versions 3.51 and 4.0 and Windows 2000 Server. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Overview-The text of the Resource Kit books are also available with versions of the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) CD-ROMs, and a large subset to complete set of the tools included in the kits can be downloaded from the Microsoft web site. The tools can include everything from extra commands for the co... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Overview-The Resource Kits, especially in the case of the Windows NT-2000 stream of operating systems, also include third-party software like various versions of Crystal Reports and PowerDesk.
Typically, Microsoft releases resource kits after every major version of Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office or an... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Overview-Those seeking Windows-Unix interoperability in various forms can also use an unrelated software product, Windows Services For Unix, which contains such items as the Interix C and Korn shells, ActiveState's ActivePerl and many other Posix-compliant tools and additions to the operating system. This ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Overview-The Resource Kit tools mainly help administrators streamline management tasks such as troubleshooting operating system issues, configuring networking and security features, managing Active Directory and automating application deployment. The resource kits are also geared towards "power users" and ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Windows Resource Kits-Windows Resource Kit was introduced with Windows 3.0 in 1991 and has since been released for every Windows version, except for Windows Me, Windows CE and Windows 98 Second Edition. A Resource kit for MS-DOS 6.22 was released in 1992. Resource Kits were also not produced for Microsoft'... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Windows Resource Kits-Windows 9x family The Windows 95 to Windows 98 Resource Kit documentations and tools were available free of charge and a Resource Kit Sampler was included on the respective Windows installation CD-ROM discs. Resource Kit tools can generally be downloaded from the Microsoft Download Ce... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Windows Resource Kits-Windows NT family The Windows NT 4.0 Resource Kits (Workstation and Server) contained a particularly large number of tools and utilities as well as third-party software. The tools included in these kits for command-line use are considered by many Windows NT shell programmers to be ess... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Windows Resource Kits-In the past, Microsoft used to release supplements for some Resource Kits which offered revised and new tools and resources. Microsoft released two supplements for the Windows NT 3.51 Server Resource Kit, four supplements for the Windows NT 4.0 Server Resource Kit and one supplement f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Windows Resource Kits-The Windows 2000 Resource Kit also contains over 300 utilities. For Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, over 120 tools and utilities have been updated. The Windows disc for Windows 2000, Windows XP and later operating systems also includes a set of tools known as Windows Support Tools... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Windows Resource Kits-In 2007, Microsoft released the Windows Vista Resource Kit. In 2008, Windows Server 2008 Resource Kits was released and Windows Vista Resource Kit, Second Edition was updated for Service Pack 1. The Windows Vista Resource Kit ships with several sample VBScripts and few PowerShell scri... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Windows Resource Kits-Windows 7 Resource Kit was released on September 14, 2009. Microsoft has announced that new unsupported Resource Kit tools will not be provided for current and future operating systems. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Resource Kit-Other resource kits-The Office Resource Kit and tools are included on the respective Office CD/DVD and/or separately. The tools are also available for download from Microsoft web site.Microsoft has also released Resource Kits for Internet Explorer, Windows Media, Internet Information Services, Back Office ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Barrett's esophagus-Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which there is an abnormal (metaplastic) change in the mucosal cells lining the lower portion of the esophagus, from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells that are normally present only in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Signs and symptoms-The change from normal to premalignant cells indicate Barrett's esophagus does not cause any particular symptoms. Barrett's esophagus, however, is associated with these symptoms: frequent and longstanding heartburn trouble swallowing (dysphagia) vomiting blood (hematemesis) pain u... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Pathophysiology-Barrett's esophagus occurs due to chronic inflammation. The principal cause of chronic inflammation is gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD (UK: GORD). In this disease, acidic stomach, bile, and small intestine and pancreatic contents cause damage to the cells of the lower esophagus... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Pathophysiology-Researchers are unable to predict who with heartburn will develop Barrett's esophagus. While no relationship exists between the severity of heartburn and the development of Barrett's esophagus, a relationship does exist between chronic heartburn and the development of Barrett's esoph... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Pathophysiology-Some anecdotal evidence indicates those with the eating disorder bulimia are more likely to develop Barrett's esophagus because bulimia can cause severe acid reflux, and because purging also floods the esophagus with acid. However, a link between bulimia and Barrett's esophagus remai... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Diagnosis-Both macroscopic (from endoscopy) and microscopic positive findings are required to make a diagnosis. Barrett's esophagus is marked by the presence of columnar epithelia in the lower esophagus, replacing the normal squamous cell epithelium—an example of metaplasia. The secretory columnar e... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Diagnosis-Screening Screening endoscopy is recommended among males over the age of 60 who have reflux symptoms that are of long duration and not controllable with treatment. Among those not expected to live more than five years screening is not recommended.The Seattle protocol is used commonly in en... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Diagnosis-Since the COVID-19 pandemic In Scotland, the local NHS started using a swallowable sponge (Cytosponge) in hospitals to collect cell samples for diagnosis. Preliminary studies have shown this diagnostic test to be a useful tool for screening people with heartburn symptoms and improved diagn... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Diagnosis-Intestinal metaplasia The presence of goblet cells, called intestinal metaplasia, is necessary to make a diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus. This frequently occurs in the presence of other metaplastic columnar cells, but only the presence of goblet cells is diagnostic. The metaplasia is gros... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Diagnosis-Epithelial dysplasia After the initial diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus is rendered, affected persons undergo annual surveillance to detect changes that indicate higher risk to progression to cancer: development of epithelial dysplasia (or "intraepithelial neoplasia"). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Diagnosis-Among all metaplastic lesions, around 8% were associated with dysplasia. particularly a recent study demonstrated that dysplastic lesions were located mainly in the posterior wall of the esophagus.Considerable variability is seen in assessment for dysplasia among pathologists. Recently, ga... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Management-Many people with Barrett's esophagus do not have dysplasia. Medical societies recommend that if a patient has Barrett's esophagus, and if the past two endoscopy and biopsy examinations have confirmed the absence of dysplasia, then the patient should not have another endoscopy within three... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Prognosis-Barrett's esophagus is a premalignant condition, not a malignant one. Its malignant sequela, esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma, has a mortality rate of over 85%. The risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma in people who have Barrett's esophagus has been estimated to be 6–7 per... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-Epidemiology-The incidence in the United States among Caucasian men is eight times the rate among Caucasian women and five times greater than African American men. Overall, the male to female ratio of Barrett's esophagus is 10:1. Several studies have estimated the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Barrett's esophagus-History-The condition is named after Australian thoracic surgeon Norman Barrett (1903–1979), who in 1950 argued that "ulcers are found below the squamocolumnar junction ... represent gastric ulcers within 'a pouch of stomach ... drawn up by scar tissue into the mediastinum' ... representing an examp... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lithium hypochlorite-Lithium hypochlorite-Lithium hypochlorite is the colorless, crystalline lithium salt of hypochlorous acid with the chemical formula of LiClO. It is used as a disinfectant for pools and a reagent for some chemical reactions. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lithium hypochlorite-Safety-Doses of 500 mg/kg cause clinical signs and significant mortality in rats. The use of chlorine-based disinfectants in domestic water, although widespread, has led to some controversy due to the formation of small quantities of harmful byproducts such as chloroform. Studies showed no uptake... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Collicular artery-Collicular artery-The collicular artery or quadrigeminal artery arises from the posterior cerebral artery. This small artery supplies portions of the midbrain, especially the superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, and tectum. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Collicular artery-Structure-The collicular artery originates from P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery near the side of interpeduncular fossa. It arises just distal to the bifurcation of the basilar artery. It runs posteriorly along the cerebral peduncle passing the crural and ambient cisterns. It then gives off... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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