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N conjecture-Stronger form-Vojta (1998) proposed a stronger variant of the n conjecture, where setwise coprimeness of a1,a2,...,an is replaced by pairwise coprimeness of a1,a2,...,an There are two different formulations of this strong n conjecture. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
N conjecture-Stronger form-Given n≥3 , let a1,a2,...,an∈Z satisfy three conditions: (i) a1,a2,...,an are pairwise coprime (ii) a1+a2+...+an=0 (iii) no proper subsum of a1,a2,...,an equals 0 First formulation The strong n conjecture states that for every ε>0 , there is a constant C , depending on n and ε , suc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nodal homolog-Nodal homolog-Nodal homolog is a secretory protein that in humans is encoded by the NODAL gene which is located on chromosome 10q22.1. It belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily (TGF-β superfamily). Like many other members of this superfamily it is involved in cell differentiation in ea... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nodal homolog-Signaling-Nodal can bind type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors, with Cripto-1 acting as its co-receptor. Signaling through SMAD 2/3 and subsequent translocation of SMAD 4 to the nucleus promotes the expression of genes involved in proliferation and differentiation. Nodal also further activa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nodal homolog-Species specific Nodal ligands-Nodal is a widely distributed cytokine. The presence of Nodal is not limited to vertebrates, it is also known to be conserved in other deuterostomes (cephalochordates, tunicates and echinoderms) and protostomes such as snails, but neither the nematode C. elegans (another pro... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nodal homolog-Functions-Nodal signaling regulates mesoderm formation in a species-specific manner. Thus, in Xenopus, Xnr controls dorso-ventral mesoderm formation along the marginal zone. In zebrafish, Squint and Cyclops are responsible for animal-vegetal mesoderm formation. In chicken and mouse, Vg1 and Nodal respecti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Periodontal disease-Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. It is considered the main cause of tooth loss for adults worldwid... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Signs and symptoms-In the early stages, periodontitis has very few symptoms, and in many individuals the disease has progressed significantly before they seek treatment. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Signs and symptoms-Symptoms may include: Redness or bleeding of gums while brushing teeth, using dental floss or biting into hard food (e.g., apples) (though this may also occur in gingivitis, where there is no attachment loss gum disease) Gum swelling that recurs Spitting out blood after brushing t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Signs and symptoms-Associated conditions Periodontitis has been linked to increased inflammation in the body, such as indicated by raised levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. It is associated with an increased risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and hypertension. It als... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Signs and symptoms-Diabetes and periodontal disease A positive correlation between raised levels of glucose within the blood and the onset or progression of periodontal disease has been shown in the current literature. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Signs and symptoms-Data has also shown that there is a significant increase in the incidence or progression of periodontitis in patients with uncontrolled diabetes compared to those who do not have diabetes or have well-controlled diabetes. In uncontrolled diabetes, the formation of reactive oxygen ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Signs and symptoms-Both periodontal disease and cancer risk are associated with genetic susceptibility and it is possible that there is a positive association by a shared genetic susceptibility in the two diseases. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Signs and symptoms-Due to the low incidence rate of oral cancer, studies have not been able to conduct quality studies to prove the association between the two, however future larger studies may aid in the identification of individuals at a higher risk.Systemic implications Periodontal disease (PD) ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Signs and symptoms-A variety of cardiovascular diseases can also be associated with periodontal disease. Patients with higher levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 can lead to progression of atherosclerosis and the development and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation, as it ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Signs and symptoms-Experimental animal studies have shown a link between periodontal disease, oxidative stress and cardiac stress. Oxidative stress favours the development and progression of heart failure as it causes cellular dysfunction, oxidation of proteins and lipids, and damage to the deoxyrib... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Clinical significance-Inadequate nutrition and periodontal disease Periodontal disease is multifactorial, and nutrition can significantly affect its prognosis. Studies have shown that a healthy and well-balanced diet is crucial to maintaining periodontal health. Nutritional deficiencies can lead to ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Causes-Periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontium, i.e., the tissues that support the teeth. The periodontium consists of four tissues: gingiva, or gum tissue, cementum, or outer layer of the roots of teeth, alveolar bone, or the bony sockets into which the teeth are anchored, and periodon... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Causes-In some people, gingivitis progresses to periodontitis – with the destruction of the gingival fibers, the gum tissues separate from the tooth and deepened sulcus, called a periodontal pocket. Subgingival microorganisms (those that exist under the gum line) colonize the periodontal pockets and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Causes-Smoking is another factor that increases the occurrence of periodontitis, directly or indirectly, and may interfere with or adversely affect its treatment. It is arguably the most important environmental risk factor for periodontitis. Research has shown that smokers have more bone loss, attac... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Causes-If left undisturbed, microbial plaque calcifies to form calculus, which is commonly called tartar. Calculus above and below the gum line must be removed completely by the dental hygienist or dentist to treat gingivitis and periodontitis. Although the primary cause of both gingivitis and perio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Causes-Periodontitis may be associated with higher stress. Periodontitis occurs more often in people from the lower end of the socioeconomic scale than people from the upper end of the socioeconomic scale.Genetics appear to play a role in determining the risk for periodontitis. It is believed geneti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Causes-Hyper-production of interleukins, prostaglandins and cytokines, resulting in an exaggerated immune response. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Causes-Interleukin 1 (IL-1) gene polymorphism: people with this polymorphism produce more IL-1, and subsequently are more at risk of developing chronic periodontitis.Diabetes appears to exacerbate the onset, progression, and severity of periodontitis. Although the majority of research has focused on... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Mechanism-As dental plaque or biofilm accumulates on the teeth near and below the gums there is some dysbiosis of the normal oral microbiome. As of 2017 it was not certain what species were most responsible for causing harm, but gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, spirochetes, and viruses have been su... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Classification-There were several attempts to introduce an agreed-upon classification system for periodontal diseases: in 1989, 1993, 1999, and 2017. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Classification-1999 classification The 1999 classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions listed seven major categories of periodontal diseases, of which 2–6 are termed destructive periodontal disease, because the damage is essentially irreversible. The seven categories are as follow... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Classification-Severity The "severity" of disease refers to the amount of periodontal ligament fibers that have been lost, termed "clinical attachment loss". According to the 1999 classification, the severity of chronic periodontitis is graded as follows: Slight: 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) of attachmen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Classification-2017 classification The 2017 classification of periodontal diseases is as follows:Periodontal health, gingival disease and conditions Periodontal health and gingival health Clinical gingival health on an intact periodontium Clinical gingival health on an intact periodontium Stable per... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Classification-Gingival diseases - Non dental biofilm induced Genetic/developmental disorders Specific infections Inflammatory and immune conditions Reactive processes Neoplasms Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic Traumatic lesions Gingival pigmentation.Periodontitis Necrotizing periodontal disease... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Prevention-Daily oral hygiene measures to prevent periodontal disease include: Brushing properly on a regular basis (at least twice daily), with the person attempting to direct the toothbrush bristles underneath the gumline, helps disrupt the bacterial-mycotic growth and formation of subgingival pla... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Prevention-Regular dental check-ups and professional teeth cleaning as required: Dental check-ups serve to monitor the person's oral hygiene methods and levels of attachment around teeth, identify any early signs of periodontitis, and monitor response to treatment.Typically, dental hygienists (or de... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Management-The cornerstone of successful periodontal treatment starts with establishing excellent oral hygiene. This includes twice-daily brushing with daily flossing. Also, the use of an interdental brush is helpful if space between the teeth allows. For smaller spaces, products such as narrow pick... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Management-Initial therapy Removal of microbial plaque and calculus is necessary to establish periodontal health. The first step in the treatment of periodontitis involves nonsurgical cleaning below the gum line with a procedure called "root surface instrumentation" or "RSI", this causes a mechanica... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Management-Reevaluation Nonsurgical scaling and root planing are usually successful if the periodontal pockets are shallower than 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in). The dentist or hygienist must perform a re-evaluation four to six weeks after the initial scaling and root planing, to determine if the person's or... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Management-Surgery If nonsurgical therapy is found to have been unsuccessful in managing signs of disease activity, periodontal surgery may be needed to stop progressive bone loss and regenerate lost bone where possible. Many surgical approaches are used in the treatment of advanced periodontitis, i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Management-Local drug delivery Local drug deliveries in periodontology has gained acceptance and popularity compared to systemic drugs due to decreased risk in development of resistant flora and other side effects. A meta analysis of local tetracycline found improvement. Local application of statin ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Management-Systemic drug delivery Systemic drug delivery in conjunction with non-surgical therapy may be used as a means to reduce the percentage of the bacterial plaque load in the mouth. Many different antibiotics and also combinations of them have been tested; however, there is yet very low-certa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Management-Adjunctive systemic antimicrobial treatment There is currently low-quality evidence suggesting if adjunctive systemic antimicrobials are beneficial for the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. It is not sure whether some antibiotics are better than others when used alongside scaling a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Management-Maintenance Once successful periodontal treatment has been completed, with or without surgery, an ongoing regimen of "periodontal maintenance" is required. This involves regular checkups and detailed cleanings every three months to prevent repopulation of periodontitis-causing microorgani... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Management-Other Most alternative "at-home" gum disease treatments involve injecting antimicrobial solutions, such as hydrogen peroxide, into periodontal pockets via slender applicators or oral irrigators. This process disrupts anaerobic micro-organism colonies and is effective at reducing infection... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Management-Doxycycline may be given alongside the primary therapy of scaling (see § initial therapy). Doxycycline has been shown to improve indicators of disease progression (namely probing depth and attachment level). Its mechanism of action involves inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (such as... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Prognosis-Dentists and dental hygienists measure periodontal disease using a device called a periodontal probe. This thin "measuring stick" is gently placed into the space between the gums and the teeth, and slipped below the gumline. If the probe can slip more than 3 mm (0.12 in) below the gumline,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Prognosis-If people have 7-mm or deeper pockets around their teeth, then they would likely risk eventual tooth loss over the years. If this periodontal condition is not identified and people remain unaware of the progressive nature of the disease, then years later, they may be surprised that some te... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Prognosis-According to the Sri Lankan tea laborer study, in the absence of any oral hygiene activity, approximately 10% will experience severe periodontal disease with rapid loss of attachment (>2 mm/year). About 80% will experience moderate loss (1–2 mm/year) and the remaining 10% will not experien... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Epidemiology-Periodontitis is very common, and is widely regarded as the second most common dental disease worldwide, after dental decay, and in the United States has a prevalence of 30–50% of the population, but only about 10% have severe forms. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Epidemiology-Chronic periodontitis affects about 750 million people or about 10.8% of the world population as of 2010.Like other conditions intimately related to access to hygiene and basic medical monitoring and care, periodontitis tends to be more common in economically disadvantaged populations o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-History-An ancient hominid from 3 million years ago had gum disease. Records from China and the Middle East, along with archaeological studies, show that mankind has had periodontal disease for at least many thousands of years. In Europe and the Middle East archaeological research looking at ancient... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Society and culture-Etymology The word "periodontitis" (Greek: περιοδοντίτις) comes from the Greek peri, "around", odous (GEN odontos), "tooth", and the suffix -itis, in medical terminology "inflammation". The word pyorrhea (alternative spelling: pyorrhoea) comes from the Greek pyorrhoia (πυόρροια),... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Society and culture-Economics It is estimated that lost productivity due to severe periodontitis costs the global economy about US$54 billion each year. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Periodontal disease-Other animals-Periodontal disease is the most common disease found in dogs and affects more than 80% of dogs aged three years or older. Its prevalence in dogs increases with age, but decreases with increasing body weight; i.e., toy and miniature breeds are more severely affected. Recent research und... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Certance-Certance-Certance, LLC, was a privately held company engaged in design and manufacture of computer tape drives. Based in Costa Mesa, California, Certance designed and manufactured drives using a variety of tape formats, including Travan, DDS, and Linear Tape-Open computer tape drives. Certance was one of the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Certance-History-The company began as the removable storage systems division of Seagate Technology. The division was formed in 1996 from storage companies Archive Corporation, Irwin Magnetic Systems, Cipher Data Products, and Maynard Electronics. In a restructuring involving Seagate Technology and Veritas Software, the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Zeroth-order logic-Zeroth-order logic-Zeroth-order logic is a branch of logic without variables or quantifiers. Some authors use the phrase "zeroth-order logic" as a synonym for the propositional calculus, but an alternative definition extends propositional logic by adding constants, operations, and relations on non-Bo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Position line-Position line-A position line or line of position (LOP) is a line (or, on the surface of the earth, a curve) that can be both identified on a chart (nautical chart or aeronautical chart) and translated to the surface of the earth. The intersection of a minimum of two position lines is a fix that is used i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Position line-Position line-There are several types of position line: Compass bearing – the angle between north and the line passing through the compass and the point of interest Transit – a line passing through the observer and two other reference points Leading line – the line passing through two marks indicating a s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Through line-Through line-A through line is a connecting theme or plot used in media such as films and books. It is sometimes also called the 'spine', and was first suggested by Konstantin Stanislavski as a simplified way for actors to think about characterization. He believed actors should not only understand what the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Through line-Through line-Through line is increasingly being used in other contexts as substitutes for words like thread, as seen in the following excerpt from an article by Alex Knapp: "There is a constant through line we see starting with A New Hope and running through to the end of the Return of the Jedi of the Empe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Audio tour-An audio tour or audio guide provides a recorded spoken commentary, normally through a handheld device, to a visitor attraction such as a museum. They are also available for self-guided tours of outdoor locations, or as a part of an organised tour. It provides background, context, and information ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-History-Willem Sandberg, director of the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam from 1945 to 1962, pioneered the world's first museum audio tours. When invented in 1952, the developers were drawn by its unique potential to mediate an experience individually controllable by each visitor, which was content-rich, was pe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-History-Sandberg's ambulatory lectures were delivered through a closed-circuit shortwave radio broadcasting system in which the amplified audio output of an analog playback tape recorder served as a broadcast station, and transmission was via a loop aerial fixed around the gallery or galleries. Identical lec... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-History-The system was such that all visitors with a receiver could only hear a specific piece of commentary at any time; hence, groups of visitors would move through the galleries and look at exhibits as if guided by an invisible force, in complete synchronicity. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Electronic multimedia guides-A multimedia electronic guide is a device specially designed to provide audio, visual or textual content to museum visitors with or without user interaction. It may also provide alternative content corresponding to different personal preferences. It may include accessories such a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Electronic multimedia guides-These smart guides may be operated to supply content in different languages and accents, with different voice alternatives, with text, and with age group specific content. They can be operated in several ways: Touch/push-button systems are operated by the visitor. The visitor ent... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Electronic multimedia guides-Location aware systems operate semi-automatically. They sense the location by several alternative technologies and provide the related content. If the sensing area is not narrow enough to detect every different object then the visitor will enter or select the content he or she wa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Electronic multimedia guides-Line of Sight Aware Systems operate automatically. They sense the location and the target object and provides the related content. These systems may include software that will attempt to measure the visitor's aims and interest areas and may provide shallower or deeper information... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Cell phone tours-A cell phone tour is an audio tour where pre-recorded or stream audio interpretation for a heritage site or a cultural exhibit is provided via a cell phone. Cell phone audio tours have the advantage that most visitors already have the equipment needed to take the audio tour, being their cell... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Cell phone tours-Each venue is assigned a phone number with appropriate stop numbers, displayed next to the exhibit. Once a visitor has dialed in, they will be prompted and can enter the corresponding stop number of the exhibit they’re viewing, to hear the recorded content. These tours also enable the visito... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Smartphone tours-Smartphones have significant advantages over cell phones, as they have story-triggering technologies (GPS, bluetooth, NFC, QR-code scanner) and can use the power of mobile apps to deliver the right story in the right language in the right place and in the right context (e.g. the evening tour... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Smartphone tours-Smartphone tours could guide the user outdoor (streets, highways, zoos, parks, archaeological sites) and indoor (museums), using different guiding techniques. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Smartphone tours-The museum market changesMuseums can publish guided tours in an hour and change it at any moment. The audio guide is not anymore a one-time-off project Museums finally own the content they develop (in the age of hardware audio guides museums rarely owned the content) Museums can go outside a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Smartphone tours-Personal assistant apps like Apple Siri or Google Assistant will use location-based stories as well. Being the audio-based apps, such assistants do need audio-based and location-based content. Development of "storytelling capacity" for Voice Assistants will be a powerful driver for raising p... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Audio tour-Latest evolution of smartphone tours-Given the low download rate of single use native mobile apps, partly due to app fatigue, in recent years museums have been following a growing trend to offer Progressive web applications (PWAs) or Web applications that can be accessed via QR-code without the need to downl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Constantan-Constantan-Constantan is a proprietary name for a copper–nickel alloy also known as Eureka, Advance, and Ferry. It usually consists of 55% copper and 45% nickel. Its main feature is the low thermal variation of its resistivity, which is constant over a wide range of temperatures. Other alloys with similarly ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Constantan-History-In 1887, Edward Weston discovered that metals can have a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, inventing what he called his "Alloy No. 2." It was produced in Germany where it was renamed "Konstantan". | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Constantan-Constantan alloy-Of all alloys used in modern strain gauges, constantan is the oldest, and still the most widely used. This situation reflects the fact that constantan has the best overall combination of properties needed for many strain gauge applications. This alloy has, for example, an adequately high str... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Constantan-A-alloy-Very importantly, constantan can be processed for self-temperature compensation to match a wide range of test material coefficients of thermal expansion. A-alloy is supplied in self-temperature-compensation (S-T-C) numbers 00, 03, 05, 06, 09, 13, 15, 18, 30, 40, and 50, for use on test materials with... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Constantan-P alloy-For the measurement of very large strains, 5% (50,000 microstrain) or above, annealed constantan (P alloy) is the grid material normally selected. Constantan in this form is very ductile; and, in gauge lengths of 0.125 inches (3.2 mm) and longer, can be strained to >20%. It should be borne in mind, h... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Constantan-Temperature measurement-Constantan is also used to form thermocouples with wires made of iron, copper, or chromel. It has an extraordinarily strong negative Seebeck coefficient above 0 degrees Celsius, leading to a good temperature sensitivity. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Admittance parameters-Admittance parameters-Admittance parameters or Y-parameters (the elements of an admittance matrix or Y-matrix) are properties used in many areas of electrical engineering, such as power, electronics, and telecommunications. These parameters are used to describe the electrical behavior of linear el... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Admittance parameters-The Y-parameter matrix-A Y-parameter matrix describes the behaviour of any linear electrical network that can be regarded as a black box with a number of ports. A port in this context is a pair of electrical terminals carrying equal and opposite currents into and out of the network, and having a p... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Admittance parameters-The Y-parameter matrix-For a generic multi-port network definition, it is assumed that each of the ports is allocated an integer n ranging from 1 to N, where N is the total number of ports. For port n, the associated Y-parameter definition is in terms of the port voltage and port current, Vn and I... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Admittance parameters-The Y-parameter matrix-For all ports the currents may be defined in terms of the Y-parameter matrix and the voltages by the following matrix equation: I=YV where Y is an N × N matrix the elements of which can be indexed using conventional matrix notation. In general the elements of the Y-parameter... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Admittance parameters-Two-port networks-The Y-parameter matrix for the two-port network is probably the most common. In this case the relationship between the port voltages, port currents and the Y-parameter matrix is given by: 11 12 21 22 )(V1V2) .where 11 12 21 22 =I2V2|V1=0 For the general case of an n-port network,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Admittance parameters-Two-port networks-Similarly, the output admittance is given by: 22 12 21 11 +YS where YS is the admittance of the source connected to port one. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Admittance parameters-Relation to S-parameters-The Y-parameters of a network are related to its S-parameters by Y=y(IN−S)(IN+S)−1y=y(IN+S)−1(IN−S)y and S=(IN−zYz)(IN+zYz)−1=(IN+zYz)−1(IN−zYz) where IN is the identity matrix, y is a diagonal matrix having the square root of the characteristic admittance (the reciprocal... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Admittance parameters-Relation to S-parameters-Two port In the special case of a two-port network, with the same and real characteristic admittance 01 02 =Y0 at each port, the above expressions reduce to 11 11 22 12 21 12 12 21 21 22 11 22 12 21 ΔSY0 where 11 22 12 21 .
The above expressions will generally use comple... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Admittance parameters-Relation to Z-parameters-Conversion from Z-parameters to Y-parameters is much simpler, as the Y-parameter matrix is just the inverse of the Z-parameter matrix. The following expressions show the applicable relations: 11 22 12 12 21 21 22 11 |Z| where 11 22 12 21 In this case |Z| is the determinan... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
GNU Compiler for Java-GNU Compiler for Java-The GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ) is a discontinued free compiler for the Java programming language. It was part of the GNU Compiler Collection.GCJ compiles Java source code to Java virtual machine (JVM) bytecode or to machine code for a number of CPU architectures. It could al... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
GNU Compiler for Java-History-The GCJ runtime-libraries original source is from GNU Classpath project, but there is a code difference between the libgcj libraries. GCJ 4.3 uses the Eclipse Compiler for Java as a front-end.In 2007, a lot of work was done to implement support for Java's two graphical APIs in GNU Classpat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
GNU Compiler for Java-History-As of 2015, there were no new developments announced from GCJ and the product was in maintenance mode, with open-source Java toolchain development mostly happening within OpenJDK. GCJ was removed from the GCC trunk on September 30, 2016. Announcement of its removal was made with the releas... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
GNU Compiler for Java-Performance-The compilation function in GCJ should have a faster start-up time than the equivalent bytecode launched in a JVM when compiling Java code into machine code. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
GNU Compiler for Java-Compiled Native Interface (CNI)-The Compiled Native Interface (CNI), previously named "Cygnus Native Interface", is a software framework for the GCJ that allows Java code to call, and be called by, native applications (programs specific to a hardware and operating-system platform) and libraries wr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
GNU Compiler for Java-Compiled Native Interface (CNI)-Comparison of language use The authors of CNI claim for various advantages over JNI: We use CNI because we think it is a better solution, especially for a Java implementation that is based on the idea that Java is just another programming language that can be implem... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
IEFBR14-IEFBR14-IEFBR14 is an IBM mainframe utility program. It runs in all IBM mainframe environments derived from OS/360, including z/OS. It is a placeholder that returns the exit status zero, similar to the true command on UNIX-like systems. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
IEFBR14-Purpose-Allocation (also called Initiation) On OS/360 and derived mainframe systems, most programs never specify files (usually called datasets) directly, but instead reference them indirectly through the Job Control Language (JCL) statements that invoke the programs. These data definition (or "DD") statements ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
IEFBR14-Purpose-IEFBR14 was created because while DD statements can create or delete files easily, they cannot do so without a program to be run due to a certain peculiarity of the Job Management system, which always requires that the Initiator actually execute a program, even if that program is effectively a null stat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
IEFBR14-Purpose-IEFBR14 can thus be used to create or delete a data set using JCL. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
IEFBR14-Purpose-Deallocation (also called Termination) A secondary reason to run IEFBR14 was to unmount devices (usually tapes or disks) that had been left mounted from a previous job, perhaps because of an error in that job's JCL or because the job ended in error. In either event, the system operators would often need... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
IEFBR14-Purpose-Simply entering the command S DEALLOC at the system console would run the started task, which consisted of just one step. However, due to the design of Job Management, DEALLOC must actually exist in the system's procedure library, SYS1.PROCLIB, lest the start command fail.
Also, all such started tasks m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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