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Vapor-compression refrigeration-Description-Unfortunately, chlorine- and fluorine-bearing refrigerants reach the upper atmosphere when they escape. In the stratosphere, substances like CFCs and HCFCs break up due to UV radiation, releasing their chlorine free-radicals. These chlorine free-radicals act as catalysts in t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Description-Newer refrigerants that have reduced ozone depletion effects compared to CFCs have replaced most CFC use. Examples include HCFCs (such as R-22, used in most homes) and HFCs (such as R-134a, used in most cars). HCFCs in turn are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Description-More benign refrigerants are currently the subject of research, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, known as R-744. These have similar efficiencies compared to existing CFC- and HFC-based compounds, and have many orders of magnitude lower global warming potential. General i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Thermodynamic analysis of the system-The thermodynamics of the vapor compression cycle can be analyzed on a temperature versus entropy diagram as depicted in Figure 2. At point 1 in the diagram, the circulating refrigerant enters the compressor as a low-temperature, low-pressure saturate... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Thermodynamic analysis of the system-From point 2 to point 3, the vapor travels through part of the condenser which removes the superheat by cooling the vapor. Between point 3 and point 4, the vapor travels through the remainder of the condenser and is condensed into a high-temperature, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Thermodynamic analysis of the system-Between points 4 and 5, the subcooled liquid refrigerant passes through the expansion valve and undergoes an abrupt decrease of pressure. That process results in the adiabatic flash evaporation and auto-refrigeration of a portion of the liquid (typica... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Thermodynamic analysis of the system-Between points 5 and 1, the cold and partially vaporized refrigerant travels through the coil or tubes in the evaporator where it is totally vaporized by the warm air (from the space being refrigerated) that a fan circulates across the coil or tubes i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Thermodynamic analysis of the system-The resulting superheated vapor returns to the compressor inlet at point 1 to complete the thermodynamic cycle.
The above discussion is based on the ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle which does not take into account real world items like fri... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Types of gas compressors-The most common compressors used in refrigeration are reciprocating and scroll compressors, but large chillers or industrial cycles may use rotary screw or centrifugal compressors. Each application prefers one or another due to size, noise, efficiency, and pressu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Types of gas compressors-An open compressor has a motor drive which is outside of the refrigeration system, and provides drive to the compressor by means of an input shaft with suitable gland seals. Open compressor motors are typically air-cooled and can be fairly easily exchanged or rep... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Types of gas compressors-Open motor compressors are generally easier to cool (using ambient air) and therefore tend to be simpler in design and more reliable, especially in high pressure applications where compressed gas temperatures can be very high. However the use of liquid injection ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Types of gas compressors-Centrifugal Compressor Surge Chillers with centrifugal compressors have a 'Centrifugal Compressor Map' that shows the "surge line" and the "choke line." For the same capacity ratings, across a wider span of operating conditions, chillers with the larger diameter ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Types of gas compressors-Scroll compressors Scroll compressors are also positive displacement compressors. The refrigerant is compressed when one spiral orbits around a second stationary spiral, creating smaller and smaller pockets and higher pressures. By the time the refrigerant is dis... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Compressor lubrication-In order to lubricate the moving parts of the compressor, oil is added to the refrigerant during installation or commissioning. The type of oil may be mineral or synthetic to suit the compressor type, and also chosen so as not to react with the refrigerant type and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Compressor lubrication-Some newer compressor technologies use magnetic bearings or air bearings and require no lubrication, for example the Danfoss Turbocor range of centrifugal compressors. Avoiding the need for oil lubrication and the design requirements and ancillaries associated with... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Control-In simple commercial refrigeration systems the compressor is normally controlled by a simple pressure switch, with the expansion performed by a capillary tube or thermal expansion valve. In more complex systems, including multiple compressor installations, the use of electronic c... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Control-In addition to the operational controls, separate high-pressure and low-pressure switches are normally utilised to provide secondary protection to the compressors and other components of the system from operating outside of safe parameters.
In more advanced electronic control sys... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Other features and facts of interest-The schematic diagram of a single-stage refrigeration system shown in Figure 1 does not include other equipment items that would be provided in a large commercial or industrial vapor compression refrigeration system, such as: A horizontal or vertical ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Other features and facts of interest-Filter Dryers, installed before the compressors to catch any moisture or contaminants in the system and thus protect the compressors from internal damage Some refrigeration units may have multiple stages which requires the use of multiple compressors ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Economic analysis-Advantages Very mature technology.
Relatively inexpensive.
Can be driven directly using mechanical energy (water, car or truck motor) or with electrical energy. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Economic analysis-Efficient up to 60% of Carnot's theoretical limit (as evaluated in ASHRAE testing conditions: evaporation temperature of −23.3 °C, condensing temperature of 54.4 °C, and ambient temperature of 32 °C) based on some of the best commercially available compressors, as produ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Economic analysis-Disadvantages Many systems still use HCFC refrigerants, which contribute to depletion of the Earth's ozone layer. In countries adhering to the Montreal Protocol, HCFCs are due to be phased out and are largely being replaced by ozone-friendly HFCs. However, systems using... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-Economic analysis-With the ultimate phasing out of HCFCs already a certainty, alternative non-haloalkane refrigerants are gaining popularity. In particular, once-abandoned refrigerants such as hydrocarbons (butane for example) and CO2 are coming back into more extensive use. For example,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-History-In 1805, the American inventor Oliver Evans described a closed vapor-compression refrigeration cycle for the production of ice by ether under vacuum. Heat would be removed from the environment by recycling vaporized refrigerant, where it would move through a compressor and conden... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-History-The first practical vapor compression refrigeration system was built by James Harrison, a British journalist who had emigrated to Australia. His 1856 patent was for a vapor compression system using ether, alcohol or ammonia. He built a mechanical ice-making machine in 1851 on the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vapor-compression refrigeration-History-The first gas absorption refrigeration system using gaseous ammonia dissolved in water (referred to as "aqua ammonia") was developed by Ferdinand Carré of France in 1859 and patented in 1860. Carl von Linde, an engineering professor at the Technological University Munich in Germa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rockslide-Rockslide-A rockslide is a type of landslide caused by rock failure in which part of the bedding plane of failure passes through compacted rock and material collapses en masse and not in individual blocks. Note that a rockslide is similar to an avalanche because they are both slides of debris that can bury a ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rockslide-Definition-The term landslide refers to a variety of mass wasting events (geologic slope failures) that include slumps, slides, falls, and flows. The two major types of slides are rotational slides and translational slides. Rockslides are a type of translational event since the rock mass moves along a roughly... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rockslide-Causes-Mass-wasting occurs whenever the gravitational force on the rock exceeds the ability of the slope to resist that force. Therefore, anything that erodes or impedes the mountain's ability to resist this force may be one of the causes of mass-wasting. While a major event such as an earthquake can cause la... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rockslide-Causes-Amongst these erosional properties, water is arguably the most effective geologic agent that causes mass-wasting events to occur. Water aids in the downslope movement of surface material by adding weight to the soil and by filling pores which tends to push apart individual grains, decreasing the resist... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rockslide-Disaster prevention-With increasing populations in rural areas around the world, the hazards presented by potential rock slides are becoming more of a pressing issue moving forward. Luckily, individuals working in the fields of geologic science and engineering continue to perfect methods of rock slide detecti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rockslide-Disaster prevention-Once a site is deemed hazardous, different types of geologic engineering techniques are used in order to prevent the compromised slope from failing. Some of these designs are listed below. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Rockslide-Disaster prevention-Wire meshing A corrosion resistant material that is installed at the crest and foot of the slope. This insures that any falling debris is trapped behind the mesh.Retaining walls One of the oldest forms of ground engineering, retaining walls are built in order to neutralize the effects of u... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fresh water skin disease-Fresh water skin disease-Fresh water skin disease (FWSD) is a disease of marine cetaceans in coastal and estuarine environments, caused when they are exposed for extended periods to water with lower than normal levels of salt (hypo-saline). It has been observed in dolphins that were displaced i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Half knot-Half knot-Half knot may refer to the overhand knot, as it forms the first half of a reef knot, thief knot, granny knot, grief knot, or: Half-Windsor knot Half blood knot Half hitch (Two half-hitches) | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Fondant potatoes-Fondant potatoes-Fondant potatoes, or pommes fondant, is a method of preparing potatoes that traditionally involves cutting them into cylinders, browning the ends, and then slowly roasting the potatoes in butter and stock. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Cefditoren-Cefditoren, also known as cefditoren pivoxil is an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. It is mainly used for treatment of community acquired pneumonia. It is taken by mouth and is in the cephalosporin famil... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Structure-Like other cephalosporins, cefditoren has a β-lactam ring at the 7 position of cephalosporin ring that is responsible for its inhibitory action on bacterial cell wall synthesis. In addition to the cephem nucleus common to all cephalosporins, cefditoren has an aminothiazole group that enhances its a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Antimicrobial activity-The spectrum of cefditoren includes both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. It has strong antimicrobial activity because of its high affinity for penicillin binding protein 2X, which responsible for cephalosporin resistance when mutated. Cefditoren pivoxil high intrinsi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Pharmacokinetics-Absorption Oral bioavailability: following oral administration, cefditoren pivoxil is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and hydrolyzed to cefditoren by esterases. Maximal plasma concentrations of cefditoren under fasting conditions average 1.8 ± 0.6 µg/mL following 200 mg dose and occ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Pharmacokinetics-Distribution Binding of cefditoren to plasma proteins averages 88%, and the mean volume of distribution of cefditoren at steady state is 9.3L. Cefditoren has been shown to penetrate into bronchial mucosa, epithelial lining fluid, skin blister fluid and tonsillar tissue and clinically relevan... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Medical uses-Cefditoren pivoxil is indicated to treat uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, otitis media (indications may differ in some countries).
Spectrum ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Dosage and administration-Adults and Adolescents (≥12 Years) Community-acquired pneumonia: 400 mg twice daily for 14 days Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 400 mg twice daily for 10 days Pharyngitis/tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis: 200 mg twice daily for 10 days Uncomplicated skin and ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Dosage and administration-For children with diseases other than above: 3 mg/kg/dose, 3 times a day after meals. The dosage may be adjusted according to the disease or the patients age and symptoms, but not exceed the maximum dose for adults. Safety in low birth weight infants and newborns has not been establ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Pregnancy-Pregnancy Category B Cefditoren pivoxil was not teratogenic up to the highest doses tested in rats and rabbits. In rats, this dose was 1000 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 24 times a human dose of 200 mg twice daily based on mg/m2/day. In rabbits, the highest dose tested was 90 mg/kg/day, which i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Pregnancy-In a postnatal development study in rats, cefditoren pivoxil produced no adverse effects on postnatal survival, physical and behavioral development, learning abilities, and reproductive capability at sexual maturity when tested at doses of up to 750 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested. This is appro... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Geriatric use-Of the 2675 patients in clinical studies who received cefditoren pivoxil 200 mg twice daily, 308 (12%) were >65 years of age. Of the 2159 patients in clinical studies who received cefditoren pivoxil 400 mg twice daily, 307 (14%) were >65 years of age. No clinically significant differences in ef... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-International approvals-Cefditoren pivoxil is available as 200 and 400 mg tablets in the United States. It was marketed under the trade name Spectracef by Vansen Pharma Inc. Cefditoren is also marketed under the name Meiact by Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. In India it is marketed under the brand name Zostum-O... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Contraindications-In patients with known allergy to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics or any of its components.
Patients with carnitine deficiency or inborn errors of metabolism that may result in clinically significant carnitine deficiency, because use of cefditoren causes renal excretion of carnitine. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Safety and tolerability-Cefditoren pivoxil is generally well-tolerated, with most adverse events being of mild-to-moderate severity and self-limiting. Gastrointestinal adverse events (e.g., diarrhoea, nausea and abdominal pain) were the most commonly reported adverse events, although they seldom led to treat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Safety and tolerability-In a post-marketing surveillance evaluating safety in 2006 children with acute otitis media treated with cefditoren (median daily dose: 10.0 mg/kg with a median total treatment period of 7 days), the incidence of adverse reactions was 1.79%, without unexpected or serious adverse drug ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Safety and tolerability-Data from the clinical studies carried out with cefditoren in the treatment of pharyngotonsillitis from 2007 to 2010 in Japan showed that the percentage of adverse events was very low and diarrhea was the most frequent event. In the largest study (734 children), the incidence of adver... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Guidelines-Japanese Guidelines Japanese guidelines for the management of respiratory infectious diseases in children recommend cefditoren pivoxil as an initial antimicrobial therapy in children (2 months and older).
A panel of 70 pulmonologists, coordinated by 9 experts in respiratory care recommendations A ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cefditoren-Ideal for switch therapy-The characteristics of oral antibiotics to be considered for the switch therapy (parenteral to oral antibiotic) are: (i) similar antimicrobial spectrum, (ii) high bioavailability, (iii) administration time 12–24 hours, (iv) good tolerability The expert panel reached a high level of c... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
The Wavewatcher's Companion-The Wavewatcher's Companion-The Wavewatcher's Companion is a 2010 science book by Gavin Pretor-Pinney.
The book was the 2011 winner of the Royal Society Winton Prize for Science Books. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
The Wavewatcher's Companion-Theme-The book is a wide-ranging discussion on waves in all their forms and how waves are such an intimate part of our lives. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
The Wavewatcher's Companion-Theme-The book's topics include: waves that exist within our bodies; the waves that give rise to music and colour; the waves that drive the information age; and the waves of nature, of the earth, sea and air.As Jennifer Ouellette of the Wall Street Journal describes, Pretor-Pinney 'employs a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
The Wavewatcher's Companion-Reception-The book was well received on its publication. Victoria Segal of The Guardian enthused that Pretor-Pinney "has the gifted teacher's knack for finding the right metaphor to hook the attention". Toby Clements of the Daily Telegraph felt it was a worthy sequel to Pretor-Pinney's previ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
The Wavewatcher's Companion-Reception-Richard Holmes, the Chair of judging panel, said it was a 'highly unusual and outstandingly effective piece of popular science writing and that Pretor-Pinney "had managed to use relatively straight-forward science to transform the readers' perspective of the world around them". Ric... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Flying height-Flying height-The flying height or floating height or head gap is the distance between the disk read/write head on a hard disk drive and the platter. The first commercial hard-disk drive, the IBM 305 RAMAC (1956), used forced air to maintain a 0.002 inch (51 μm) between the head and disk. The IBM 1301, in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout-Dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout-In automotive design, dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout is mainly used by battery electric vehicles by placing electric motors on both front and rear axles and drives all four roadwheels, creating a four-wheel drive layout. This layout is made po... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Testosterone decanoate-Testosterone decanoate-Testosterone decanoate (BAN) is an androgen and anabolic steroid and a testosterone ester. It is a component of Sustanon, along with testosterone propionate, testosterone phenylpropionate, and testosterone isocaproate. The medication has not been marketed as a single-drug p... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TF-1 cell-TF-1 cell-TF-1 cells are immortal cell line derived from the human Erythroleukemia used in biomedical research. This cells are proliferatively responsive to interleukin-3 (IL-3) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). TF-1 cells have gene fusion of CBFA2T3-ABHD12. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Panna cotta-Panna cotta-Panna cotta (Italian for "cooked cream") is an Italian dessert of sweetened cream thickened with gelatin and molded. The cream may be aromatized with coffee, vanilla, or other flavorings. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Panna cotta-History-The name panna cotta is not mentioned in Italian cookbooks before the 1960s, yet it is often cited as a traditional dessert of the northern Italian region of Piedmont. One unverified story says that it was invented by a Hungarian woman in the Langhe in the early 1900s. An 1879 dictionary mentions a ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Panna cotta-History-The dish might also come from the French recipe of fromage bavarois from Marie-Antoine Carême. Actually, this recipe that we can find in le pâtissier royal parisien is the same as the modern panna cotta with the difference that one part of the cream is whipped to make chantilly and included to the p... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Panna cotta-Preparation-Sugar is dissolved in warm cream. The cream may be flavored by infusing spices and the like in it or by adding rum, coffee, vanilla, and so on. Gelatin is dissolved in a cold liquid (usually water), then added to the warm cream mixture. This is poured into molds and allowed to set. The molds may... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Panna cotta-Preparation-Although the name means 'cooked cream', the ingredients are only warm enough to dissolve the gelatin and sugar. Italian recipes sometimes call for colla di pesce 'fish glue,' which may literally be isinglass or, more likely, simply a name for common gelatin. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Panna cotta-Garnishes-Panna cotta is often served with a coulis of berries or a sauce of caramel or chocolate. It may be covered with other fruits or liqueurs. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Panna cotta-Related dishes-Bavarian cream is similar to panna cotta but usually includes eggs as well as gelatin and is mixed with whipped cream before setting.Blancmange is sometimes thickened with gelatin or isinglass, and sometimes with cornstarch.Panna cotta is sometimes called a custard, but true custard is thicke... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Baud-Baud-In telecommunication and electronics, baud (; symbol: Bd) is a common unit of measurement of symbol rate, which is one of the components that determine the speed of communication over a data channel.
It is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second or pulses per second. It is the number... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Baud-Naming-The baud unit is named after Émile Baudot, the inventor of the Baudot code for telegraphy, and is represented according to the rules for SI units. That is, the first letter of its symbol is uppercase (Bd), but when the unit is spelled out, it should be written in lowercase (baud) except when it begins a se... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Baud-Definitions-The symbol duration time, also known as the unit interval, can be directly measured as the time between transitions by looking at an eye diagram of the signal on an oscilloscope. The symbol duration time Ts can be calculated as: Ts=1fs, where fs is the symbol rate.
There is also a chance of miscommunic... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Baud-Definitions-Example: Communication at the baud rate 1000 Bd means communication by means of sending 1000 symbols per second. In the case of a modem, this corresponds to 1000 tones per second; similarly, in the case of a line code, this corresponds to 1000 pulses per second. The symbol duration time is 1/1000 secon... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Baud-Definitions-The baud is scaled using standard metric prefixes, so that for example 1 kBd (kilobaud) = 1000 Bd 1 MBd (megabaud) = 1000 kBd 1 GBd (gigabaud) = 1000 MBd | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Baud-Relationship to gross bit rate-The symbol rate is related to gross bit rate expressed in bit/s. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Baud-Relationship to gross bit rate-The term baud has sometimes incorrectly been used to mean bit rate, since these rates are the same in old modems as well as in the simplest digital communication links using only one bit per symbol, such that binary digit "0" is represented by one symbol, and binary digit "1" by anot... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Baud-Relationship to gross bit rate-If N bits are conveyed per symbol, and the gross bit rate is R, inclusive of channel coding overhead, the symbol rate fs can be calculated as fs=RN.
By taking information per pulse N in bit/pulse to be the base-2-logarithm of the number of distinct messages M that could be sent, Hart... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Baud-Relationship to gross bit rate-In that case, M = 2N different symbols are used. In a modem, these may be time-limited sinewave tones with unique combinations of amplitude, phase and/or frequency. For example, in a 64QAM modem, M = 64, and so the bit rate is N = log2(64) = 6 times the baud rate. In a line code, the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Baud-Relationship to gross bit rate-The ratio is not necessarily even an integer; in 4B3T coding, the bit rate is 4/3 of the baud rate. (A typical basic rate interface with a 160 kbit/s raw data rate operates at 120 kBd.) Codes with many symbols, and thus a bit rate higher than the symbol rate, are most useful on chan... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Library Freedom Project-Library Freedom Project-The Library Freedom Project teaches librarians about surveillance threats, privacy rights, and digital tools to thwart surveillance. In 2015 the Project began an endeavour to place relays and, particularly, exit nodes of the Tor anonymity network in public libraries. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Library Freedom Project-Tor Exit Relay Project-Its pilot project enabled the Kilton Public Library in Lebanon, New Hampshire to become in July 2015 the first library in the United States to host Tor, running a middle relay on its excess bandwidth. This service was put on hold in early September, however, when the libra... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Library Freedom Project-Workshops-Working with ACLU affiliates across the United States, the Library Freedom Project provides workshops to educate librarians about "some of the major surveillance programs and authorizations, including the USA PATRIOT Act, section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act, PRISM, XKEYSCORE, and mo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Library Freedom Project-Workshops-Furthermore, the project conducts training classes for library patrons themselves which focus on on-line security and privacy. The classes can be adjusted to accommodate any level of user, from beginner to advanced, and various security needs. Given that library patrons, including but ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Library Freedom Project-Library Freedom Institute-Beginning in 2018, Library Freedom Project began offering the Library Freedom Institute as a joint partnership with New York University. The institute is "a free, privacy-focused... program for librarians to teach them the skills necessary to thrive as Privacy Advocates... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Library Freedom Project-Library Freedom Institute-As of July 2020, there have been four cohorts of Library Freedom Institute with over 100 graduates from the program. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Library Freedom Project-Funding-In January 2015 the Library Freedom Project received $244,700 in grant funding from the Knight Foundation, and in January 2016 $50,000 from the Rose Foundation's Consumer Privacy Rights Fund (the fiscal sponsor of that grant being the Miami Foundation).In August 2017 the Library Freedom ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sulfur oxygenase/reductase-Sulfur oxygenase/reductase-In enzymology, a sulfur oxygenase/reductase (EC 1.13.11.55) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 4 sulfur + 4 H2O + O2 ⇌ 2 hydrogen sulfide + 2 bisulfite + 2 H+The 3 substrates of this enzyme are sulfur, H2O, and O2, whereas its 3 products are hydrogen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Sulfur oxygenase/reductase-Sulfur oxygenase/reductase-This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2. The systematic name of ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Open Source Tripwire-Open Source Tripwire-Open Source Tripwire is a free software security and data integrity tool for monitoring and alerting on specific file change(s) on a range of systems. The project is based on code originally contributed by Tripwire, Inc. in 2000. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Duospaced font-Duospaced font-A duospaced font (also called a duospace font) is a fixed-width font whose letters and characters occupy either of two integer multiples of a specified, fixed horizontal space. Traditionally, this means either a single or double character width, although the term has also been applied to f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Duospaced font-In CJK typography-The idea of a "duospaced" font came from East Asian typography, where the local scripts of CJK characters simply cannot fit into a narrow column used in Latin fixed-pitch fonts. Note that this "duospace" name is mostly a historical (c. 1990) Western distinction; Asian typefaces with suc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Duospaced font-In CJK typography-Qt has a bug where it fails to list CJK monospaced fonts because the underlying fontconfig defined "monospace" as "fixed-pitch" fonts.With the exception of some Japanese monospace fonts like Source Han Code JP, where a 1.5× width is used as the ideograph width, almost all CJK monospace ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Duospaced font-In Western typography-Western duospaced fonts are similar in purpose to CJK duospaced fonts, but they are much rarer and less supported. The idea seems to be limited to an iA Writer typeface where the latin characters wmWM have 1.5× widths, so that they retain the traditional letter shape better. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency-Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency-Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, also referred to as acquired angioedema (AAE), is a rare medical condition that presents as body swelling that can be life-threatening and manifests due to another underlying medical condition.... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency-Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency-Management of AAE usually includes treating any underlying disorder that could be responsible for the condition. Additionally, symptom management is important, especially in cases that are life-threatening. There are medications availab... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency-Epidemiology-It is estimated that the worldwide prevalence of AAE ranges from 1 person in every 10,000 people are affected to 1 case in every 150,000 people. However, it is thought that this disease prevalence could be higher due to diagnostic oversight and the shared symptoms ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency-Causes-There are various disease comorbidities associated with acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, including: Lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphatic malignancies Lymphoproliferative disorders, such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and non... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency-Causes-Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder that progresses from MGUS. MM is characterized by elevated monoclonal paraprotein in addition to end organ damage, such as kidney failure.
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (also known as Waldenström macroglobulinemia) i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency-Causes-Certain vasculitic diseases, such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (also known as Churg–Strauss syndrome) have been associated with AAE. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is an inflammatory disease characterized by necrotizing vasculiti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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