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TV Everywhere-History-Introduction and adoption In 2009, Time Warner Cable announced an initiative known as TV Everywhere, a set of principles which were "designed to serve as a framework to facilitate deployment of online television content in a way that is consumer friendly, pro-competitive." The concept would enable... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TV Everywhere-History-Expansion Matt Strauss, Comcast senior vice president of digital and emerging platforms, considered the 2012 Summer Olympics to be a "watershed" event for TV Everywhere services; NBCUniversal announced that a total of nearly 10 million authenticated devices accessed its online coverage during the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TV Everywhere-History-Shift to subscription-based services In the late-2010's, a number of major media companies began to shift their priorities towards direct-to-consumer, subscription-based streaming services, in order to specifically attract cord cutters and increase their competitiveness with competitors such as Ne... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TV Everywhere-History-In 2018, Bell Media merged its OTT service CraveTV with its pay television service The Movie Network, with the merged service taking on the Crave branding and becoming available on a direct-to-consumer basis.
HBO and NBCUniversal both launched streaming services in 2020, HBO Max and Peacock. HBO M... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TV Everywhere-Reception-The TV Everywhere concept has been met with mixed reception. Some broadcasters were initially hesitant to introduce TV Everywhere services, with concerns that they might affect advertising revenue and not be adequately counted by Nielsen ratings. Songwriters Guild of America president Rick Carne... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TV Everywhere-Reception-Viewer awareness Despite efforts by broadcasters to educate viewers on TV Everywhere services and how to utilize them (including Fox, which produced a promotional video starring Jane Lynch as her Glee character Sue Sylvester, describing the process as being less painful than waterboarding), crit... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TV Everywhere-Reception-Adoption In a December 2013 survey of 4,205 pay television subscribers, NPD Group found that 21% of them used a TV Everywhere service at least once per month, and that 90% of them were satisfied with the experience. NPD analyst Russ Crupnick felt that "aggressive" use of the model was helping to... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TV Everywhere-Reception-Platform non-neutrality In 2014, Comcast was criticized for its decision to arbitrarily block access to HBO Go on PlayStation and Roku devices, but still allowing its use on competing Apple TV and Xbox 360. Comcast similarly blocked access to Showtime Anytime on Roku as well. A spokesperson for ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TV Everywhere-Reception-Password sharing There have been instances of users deliberately sharing their TV Everywhere login credentials, or having them sold without their owner's knowledge on the black market, in order to allow others to view programs without subscribing to the channel. Charter Communications CEO Tom Ru... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mirror support cell-Mirror support cell-In astronomy, a mirror support cell - more commonly mirror cell - is a component of a reflecting telescope that supports the mirror in place to hold optical alignment, allow collimation adjustment, and protect it from falling out. The common usage of the word denotes the cell tha... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mirror support cell-Overview-Basic cells A basic mirror cell can be built using minimal calculation and simple materials. Only slightly more complex are the wooden, plastic or metal cells which are often glued and which are either not user adjustable or which have only limited adjustment and which are used in lower end... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mirror support cell-Overview-Cells for more sophisticated "small" telescopes Telescope makers seeking to build larger "small" telescopes with thinner mirrors find simple designs inadequate so they must resort to more complex design methods which include possible use of multiaxis adjustment potential and floating whippl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mirror support cell-Overview-Cells for large telescopes Astronomical observatories require a much heavier and more complex mirror support cell. One notable example of the structure needed for such telescopes is the dual cell for the M1 mirrors of the 8.4 meter Large Binocular Telescope at Mount Graham International Obs... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
C Object Processor-C Object Processor-The C Object Processor (COP) was a superset of the C programming language. It was used in the Vbase object-oriented database management system developed by Ontologic, Inc. The data model for Vbase was specified by a Type Definition Language (TDL). COP and TDL were influenced by CLU... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F.R.I.D.A.Y.-F.R.I.D.A.Y.-F.R.I.D.A.Y. (Female Replacement Intelligent Digital Assistant Youth) is a fictional artificial intelligence appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually depicted as the personal assistant and ally of the superhero Iron Man (Tony Stark).
In the Marvel Cinematic Univers... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F.R.I.D.A.Y.-Publication history-F.R.I.D.A.Y. first appears in Iron Man vol. 3 #53 and was created by Mike Grell and Michael Ryan. The character's name is an allusion to Friday, the title character's faithful servant in the novel Robinson Crusoe. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F.R.I.D.A.Y.-Fictional character biography-Unwilling to hire another secretary, Tony Stark created an artificial one in the form of an artificial intelligence named F.R.I.D.A.Y. who manifested as the hologram of a young girl.F.R.I.D.A.Y. became angry when Stark stopped using her. Hijacking some Iron Man armors, F.R.I.D... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F.R.I.D.A.Y.-In other media-Television F.R.I.D.A.Y. appears in Avengers Assemble, voiced by Jennifer Hale. This version is a successor to J.A.R.V.I.S.
F.R.I.D.A.Y. appears in Marvel Future Avengers, voiced by Fumie Misuzawa in Japanese and Colleen O'Shaughnessey in English.
Film F.R.I.D.A.Y. appears in the films set in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F.R.I.D.A.Y.-In other media-F.R.I.D.A.Y. appears in Iron Man VR, voiced by Leila Birch. This incarnation is depicted as Tony Stark's second A.I. assistant modeled to exemplify Iron Man's heroic aspirations. She expresses dismay to the reactivation of the Gunsmith, an old A.I. assistant which was modeled after Stark's o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
F.R.I.D.A.Y.-In other media-Novels A significantly different incarnation of F.R.I.D.A.Y. appears in the 2016 young adult novel Iron Man: The Gauntlet, by Eoin Colfer. After the Mandarin kidnapped her sister, Irish young woman Saoirse Tory posed as Tony Stark's holographic assistant F.R.I.D.A.Y. to spy on his operations... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Computer Vision Annotation Tool-Computer Vision Annotation Tool-Computer Vision Annotation Tool (CVAT) is a free, open source, web-based image and video annotation tool which is used for labeling data for computer vision algorithms. Originally developed by Intel, CVAT is designed for use by a professional data annotati... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Computer Vision Annotation Tool-Computer Vision Annotation Tool-CVAT team hosts an online version of the data annotation platform at cvat.ai as SaaS. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures-Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures-SPAA, the ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures, is an academic conference in the fields of parallel computing and distributed computing. It is sponsored by the Association for Comput... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures-History-SPAA was first organised on 18–21 June 1989, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States. In 1989–2002, SPAA was known as Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures. In 2003, the name changed to Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Inner ear regeneration-Inner ear regeneration is the biological process by which the hair cells and supporting cells (i.e. Hensen's cells and Deiters cells) of the ear proliferate (cell proliferation) and regrow after hair cell injury. This process depends on communication between supporting cell... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Anatomy-Hair cells Hair cells and supporting cells are both located in the cochlea inside the inner ear. In mammals, hair cells are located in the Organ of Corti and convert energy from sound waves and physical movement into electrical signals. This is accomplished through integrating neurons wit... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Anatomy-Supporting cells Supporting cells are critical for maintaining inner ear sensory cells. They reside both on the surface and throughout the epithelium of the inner ear, communicating through gap junctions. Supporting cells are critical for maintaining the physical structure of the inner ea... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Anatomy-Hair cells and most supporting cells are ectoderm-derived. The main types of supporting cells are Hensen's cells, Deiters’ cells, Claudius cells, inner phalangeal cells, and inner and outer pillar cells. Hensen's cells, Deiter's cells, and outer hair cells make up the outer tunnel and are... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Loss of hair cells-Hair cells are very sensitive and become damaged easily, resulting in cell death. Supporting cells can be damaged but are typically more resilient than hair cells. Hair cells die of old age, acoustic overstimulation and other traumas. Oxotoxin exposure, such as aminoglycoside a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Current therapeutics for hair cell loss in humans-Because mammals have very limited hair cell regenerative capacity, humans have developed alternative methods of dealing with hearing loss. Hearing aids are devices that sit in the ear and amplify sound, which helps with age-induced partial hair ce... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Hair cell regeneration-Anamniotes All studied nonmammalian vertebrates can regenerate inner ear hair cells (mechanoreceptor). This means that lower vertebrates can recover from deafness due to hair cell loss. Hair cell loss triggers supporting cells to re-enter the cell cycle. Mitotic (mitosis) d... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Hair cell regeneration-Zebrafish The study of hair cell regeneration mechanisms in adult zebrafish may be transferable to inducing hair cell regeneration in mammals. The basic structure and function of the fish's inner ear is similar to that of other vertebrates. Mammals share homologous genes wi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Hair cell regeneration-Avian Avian species, unlike mammals, have a significant ability to regenerate hair cells from surrounding supporting cells. There are two identified mechanisms behind hair cell regeneration; the first is that supporting cells re-enter the mitotic cycle to create and differe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Hair cell regeneration-Mammalian Mouse In the adult mouse, hair cell regeneration is not observed. However, the neonatal mouse cochlea can, to a limited extent, replace damaged or lost hair cells. Hair cell restoration can occur by direct transdifferentiation and mitotic regeneration. Mitotic div... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Hair cell regeneration-Human In human newborns, the inner ear is fully mature. Thus, hair cell loss results in loss of hearing at any postnatal stage. The adult mammalian inner ear lacks the capacity to divide or regenerate spontaneously hair cells. This is to say that neither direct transdiffere... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Hair cell regeneration-Inducing hair cell regeneration in mammals To recover from deafness due to hair cell loss in mammals, reprogramming of adult supporting cells is likely necessary for induction of regeneration of hair cells and renewed proliferation. This has been done in adult mouse support... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Inner ear regeneration-Obstacles and future directions-These inner ear regeneration studies were published on 4 December 2019 and only involved non-human cells. This therapy is cutting edge and is likely decades away from clinical application. While preclinical and clinical successes in adeno-associated virus-mediated ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
H4K12ac-H4K12ac-H4K12ac is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein histone H4. It is a mark that indicates the acetylation at the 12th lysine residue of the histone H4 protein. H4K12ac is involved in learning and memory. It is possible that restoring this modification could reduce age-related decline in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
H4K12ac-Nomenclature-H4K12ac indicates acetylation of lysine 12 on histone H4 protein subunit: | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
H4K12ac-Histone modifications-The genomic DNA of eukaryotic cells is wrapped around special protein molecules known as histones. The complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer of histones (H2A, H2B, H3 an... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
H4K12ac-Histone modifications-H4 histone H4 modifications are not as well known as H3's and H4 have fewer variations which might explain their important function.
H4K12ac Acetylation of histone H4K5 and H4K12 is enriched at centromeres. H4K8ac and H4K12ac are associated with active promoters to form a backbone. H4 loca... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
H4K12ac-Lysine acetylation and deacetylation-Proteins are typically acetylated on lysine residues and this reaction relies on acetyl-coenzyme A as the acetyl group donor. In histone acetylation and deacetylation, histone proteins are acetylated and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N-terminal tail as part of gene ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
H4K12ac-Epigenetic implications-The post-translational modification of histone tails by either histone modifying complexes or chromatin remodeling complexes are interpreted by the cell and lead to complex, combinatorial transcriptional output. It is thought that a histone code dictates the expression of genes by a comp... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
H4K12ac-Epigenetic implications-Chromatin states were investigated in Drosophila cells by looking at the binding location of proteins in the genome. Use of ChIP-sequencing revealed regions in the genome characterised by different banding. Different developmental stages were profiled in Drosophila as well, an emphasis w... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
H4K12ac-Methods-The histone mark acetylation can be detected in a variety of ways: 1. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-sequencing) measures the amount of DNA enrichment once bound to a targeted protein and immunoprecipitated. It results in good optimization and is used in vivo to reveal DNA-protein bindin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry-Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry-The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering biochemical and molecular biological aspects of nutrition science. The journal was established in 1970 as Nutrition Reports International and obtained it... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry-Abstracting and indexing-The journal is abstracted and indexed in: | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Shooting target-Shooting targets are objects in various forms and shapes that are used for pistol, rifle, shotgun and other shooting sports, as well as in darts, target archery, crossbow shooting and other non-firearm related sports. The center is often called the bullseye. Targets can for instance be m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-History-Most targets used in shooting sports today are abstract figures of which origins often are not given much thought, but given the military and hunting origins that started most shooting disciplines it is not hard to understand that many of the targets at some point originally resembled either hum... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Types of targets-by Action Stationary/static target Dynamic target Running target - target is moving sideways (e.g. 100 metre running deer, 10 meter running target) Moving target (example is defunct discipline moving target small-bore rifle) Disappearing target (example is defunct discipline disappearin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Types of targets-Foam target — usually cubic in shape, made from high-density styrofoam, foam rubber or laminated corriboard, and primary used for archery.
3D target — animal/human-shaped mannequin, commonly made from plastic/fiberglass, corkwood or high-density styrofoam/foam rubber, though some exotic... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Types of targets-Reactive — designed to produce a visible or audible response when hit, usually by generating a sharp sound or by moving and/or bouncing along the ground. They are frequently used for silhouette shooting and plinking, and can involve anything from proper competition/commercial products t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Types of targets-"Splatter" target — dual-lamination paper targets with an overlayer of dark-colored background (most often black, also dark blue) and a light-colored underlayer (often white or fluorescent yellow) separated by a plastic film. When hit by a bullet, the plastic film around the impact hole... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Types of targets-Steel targets — also known as "gongs", these will make loud sharp sounds that are audible from distance and (sometimes) movements when hit. Popular in action shooting, metallic silhouette, long range shooting and various field target/field shooting disciplines.
Bouncing targets — freely... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Types of targets-Explosive targets — containers loaded with binary explosive (e.g. Tannerite) that are designed to detonate and release a small brief fireball when punctured by a bullet traveling with sufficient terminal energy. Dye powder are often added to produce a puff of colored smoke to enhance th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Types of targets-by Material Paper or cardboard Steel targets - metal silhouettes Foam - used in 3D archery Frangible (such as clay or tiles) Self-healing rubber target Electronic Explosive - Targets are designed to explode when stuck with a bullet traveling at a suitable velocity to induce detonation.
... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Archery sports-World Archery Federation FITA targets are used in archery shooting competitions within the World Archery Federation. The targets have 10 evenly spaced concentric rings, generally with score values from 1 through 10. In addition there is an inner 10 ring, sometimes called the X ring. This ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Dart-Dart targets are a special form of bullseye targets. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Firearm sports-Air rifle field targets In the outdoor air gun discipline field target metal targets of various shape and forms are used. The metal plates are often shaped to resemble small game animals, although there is currently a move towards simple geometric shapes.
Clay pigeons Clay pigeons are cla... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Firearm sports-International Confederation of Fullbore Rifle Associations In fullbore target rifle within the International Confederation of Fullbore Rifle Associations (ICFRA), competitions can be held in either a short range or long range format, with distances either in yards or meters. F-Class shoot... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Firearm sports-Metric ICFRA International Match Targets and F-Class Targets (Short Range) at metric distances:Metric ICFRA International Match Targets and F-Class Targets (Short Range) at imperial distances:The Metric ICFRA International Match Target and F-Class Target (Long Range) at metric and imperia... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Firearm sports-International Shooting Sport Federation Within International Shooting Sport Federation disciplines, variations on bullseye targets are used for rifle and pistol events. In international competition, electronic scoring targets (ESTs) have replaced physical paper targets, eliminating manual... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Firearm sports-Popinjays The Popinjay (from the French papegai, or "parrot") is an ancient form of target for crossbow shooting. Originally a bird tethered in a tree, it developed into a complex painted wood target atop a tall wooden pole. The popinjay would form the centrepiece of a major shooting cont... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Human silhouette-Human silhouette targets are use for military and police firearms training. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shooting target-Mannequins-Mannequins are sold for use as practice targets. Examples include The Ex, which resembles a woman, and another resembling former United States President Barack Obama. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Daprodustat-Daprodustat-Daprodustat, sold under the brand name Duvroq among others, is a medication that is used for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease. It is a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor. It is taken by mouth.The most common side effects include high blood pressure, thromb... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Daprodustat-Medical uses-Daprodustat is indicated for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Daprodustat-History-Daprodustat increases erythropoietin levels. The effectiveness of daprodustat was established in a randomized study of 2,964 adult participants receiving dialysis. In this study, participants received either oral daprodustat or injected recombinant human erythropoietin (a standard of care treatment ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Daprodustat-Society and culture-Due to its potential applications in athletic doping, it has also been incorporated into screens for performance-enhancing drugs. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Daprodustat-Research-Daprodustat is in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of anemia caused by chronic kidney disease. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Zero-truncated Poisson distribution-Zero-truncated Poisson distribution-In probability theory, the zero-truncated Poisson (ZTP) distribution is a certain discrete probability distribution whose support is the set of positive integers. This distribution is also known as the conditional Poisson distribution or the positi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Zero-truncated Poisson distribution-Parameter estimation-The method of moments estimator λ^ for the parameter λ is obtained by solving λ^1−e−λ^=x¯ where x¯ is the sample mean.This equation does not have a closed-form solution. In practice, a solution may be found using numerical methods. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Zero-truncated Poisson distribution-Generating zero-truncated Poisson-distributed random variables-Random variables sampled from the Zero-truncated Poisson distribution may be achieved using algorithms derived from Poisson distributing sampling algorithms.
init: Let k ← 1, t ← e−λ / (1 - e−λ) * λ, s ← t.
Generate unifo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Zero-truncated Poisson distribution-Generating zero-truncated Poisson-distributed random variables-The cost of the procedure above is linear in k, which may be large for large values of λ . Given access to an efficient sampler for non-truncated Poisson random variates, a non-iterative approach involves sampling from a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prince Albert (genital piercing)-Prince Albert (genital piercing)-The Prince Albert (PA) is a penis piercing which extends from the urethra to the underside of the glans. It is one of the most common male genital piercings. The related reverse Prince Albert piercing enters through the urethra and exits through a hole p... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prince Albert (genital piercing)-Procedure-The piercer usually starts by pushing a metal or glass tube down the urethra, or using their fingers to hold the urethra open. The piercer then slides the needle into the frenulum and goes up the tube, using pliers to bend the ring into shape. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prince Albert (genital piercing)-Healing and potential side effects-The Prince Albert healing time can take from 4 weeks to 6 months. A fresh PA piercing may cause bleeding, swelling and inflammation. In rare cases, it can lead to local infections. Some men find that the dribble caused by the PA when urinating necessit... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prince Albert (genital piercing)-Jewelry-Prince Albert piercings are typically pierced at either 12 or 10g (2 or 2.5mm). They are often (gradually) stretched soon after, with jewelry within the 8g to 2g (3mm to 6.5mm) range being the most popular. One of the reasons not to perform the initial piercing at a small diamet... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prince Albert (genital piercing)-History and culture-The origin of this piercing is unknown. Many theories suggest that the piercing was used to secure the penis in some manner, rather than having a sexual or cultural purpose. Genital piercings appeared in the Kama Sutra as a way of enhancing sexual pleasure.In modern ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prince Albert (genital piercing)-Sources-Porterfield, Amanda (2003). Gary Laderman; Luis D. Leon (eds.). Religion and American Cultures: an Encyclopedia of Traditions, Diversity, and Popular Expressions. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-238-X. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
WeBWorK-WeBWorK-WeBWorK is an online homework delivery system primarily used for mathematics and science. It allows students to complete their homework over the web, and receive instantaneous feedback as to the correctness of their responses. WeBWorK uses a Perl-based language called PG to specify exercises, which allo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Radioanalytical chemistry-Radioanalytical chemistry-Radioanalytical chemistry focuses on the analysis of sample for their radionuclide content. Various methods are employed to purify and identify the radioelement of interest through chemical methods and sample measurement techniques. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Radioanalytical chemistry-History-The field of radioanalytical chemistry was originally developed by Marie Curie with contributions by Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy. They developed chemical separation and radiation measurement techniques on terrestrial radioactive substances. During the twenty years that follow... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Radioanalytical chemistry-Radiation decay modes-Alpha-particle decay Alpha decay is characterized by the emission of an alpha particle, a 4He nucleus. The mode of this decay causes the parent nucleus to decrease by two protons and two neutrons. This type of decay follows the relation: ZAX→Z−2A−4Y+24α Beta-particle deca... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Radioanalytical chemistry-Radiation detection principles-Gas ionization detectors Gaseous ionization detectors collect and record the electrons freed from gaseous atoms and molecules by the interaction of radiation released by the source. A voltage potential is applied between two electrodes within a sealed system. Sin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Radioanalytical chemistry-Radiation detection principles-Solid-state detectors The operating principle of Semiconductor detectors is similar to gas ionization detectors: except that instead of ionization of gas atoms, free electrons and holes are produced which create a signal at the electrodes. The advantage of solid ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Radioanalytical chemistry-Radiation detection principles-Scintillation detectors Scintillation detectors uses a photo luminescent source (such as ZnS) which interacts with radiation. When a radioactive particle decays and strikes the photo luminescent material a photon is released. This photon is multiplied in a photom... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Radioanalytical chemistry-Chemical separation techniques-Due to radioactive nucleotides have similar properties to their stable, inactive, counterparts similar analytical chemistry separation techniques can be used. These separation methods include precipitation, Ion Exchange, Liquid Liquid extraction, Solid Phase extr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Radioanalytical chemistry-Radioanalytical chemistry principles-Sample loss by radiocolloidal behaviour Samples with very low concentrations are difficult to measure accurately due to the radioactive atoms unexpectedly depositing on surfaces. Sample loss at trace levels may be due to adhesion to container walls and filt... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Radioanalytical chemistry-Radioanalytical chemistry principles-Carrier or tracer addition Since small amounts of radionuclides are typically being analyzed, the mechanics of manipulating tiny quantities is challenging. This problem is classically addressed by the use of carrier ions. Thus, carrier addition involves the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Radioanalytical chemistry-Quality assurance-As this is an analytical chemistry technique quality control is an important factor to maintain. A laboratory must produce trustworthy results. This can be accomplished by a laboratories continual effort to maintain instrument calibration, measurement reproducibility, and app... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
HIST1H2BO-HIST1H2BO-Histone H2B type 1-O is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST1H2BO gene.Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, arou... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Track brake-Track brake-A magnetic track brake (Mg brake) is a brake for rail vehicles. It consists of brake magnets, pole shoes, a suspension, a power transmission and, in the case of mainline railroads, a track rod. When current flows through the magnet coil, the magnet is attracted to the rail, which presses the pol... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Track brake-Usage-Magnetic track brakes are used on rail vehicles in addition to the primary, wheel-effective brake systems. As an additional brake system, they help to ensure that the prescribed brake distances of rail vehicles can be complied with.
Since magnetic track brakes always act unregulated and at their maxim... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Track brake-History-On April 5, 1900, the patent (AT11554) for the first electromagnetic brake for rail vehicles was registered by the Westinghouse Air Brake Company London. Three years later, the electromagnetic track brake was introduced in Germany by the Westinghouse Company. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Track brake-History-The Mg brake was characterized by the fact that the electromagnets were magnetized to different degrees by the exciter coils, which made the brake force dependent on the strength of the brake current. Even the winding numbers of the exciter coils were different in order to be able to regulate the br... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Track brake-History-In 1905, the first tests were carried out by the Rhine Railway Company. These were track magnets with an attractive force of around 4 kN, which lowered automatically onto the rails when the current was switched on, pressing onto the brake shoes and on the wheels of the cars via a lever rigging. At t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Track brake-History-In 1908, Mr. Jores took over the Westinghouse representation for track brakes in Germany and played a major role in their continuation. After World War I, Jores led the production of his own track brakes after the patent rights had expired. The track brakes were based on drawings taken from Westingh... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Track brake-History-In 1920, the Magnetic Brake Company, headed by Mr. M. Müller, entered the market with track brakes. Müller attempted to improve the track brake with new designs. For example, he replaced the profiled shoe with a pole shoe made of commercially available flat iron. Until then, track brakes had only be... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Track brake-History-At the beginning of 1930, the German Imperial Railways initiated a high-speed rail project that envisaged speeds of up to 160 km/h and was to be of great significance for the track brake. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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