text stringlengths 0 73.6k | source stringclasses 4
values |
|---|---|
Comonotonicity-Upper bounds-Upper bound for the covariance Let (X, Y) be a bivariate random vector such that the expected values of X, Y and the product XY exist. Let (X*, Y*) be a comonotonic bivariate random vector with the same one-dimensional marginal distributions as (X, Y). Then it follows from Höffding's formula... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Becoming (philosophy)-Process philosophy, also ontology of becoming, or processism, is an approach in philosophy that identifies processes, changes, or shifting relationships as the only real experience of everyday living. In opposition to the classical view of change as illusory (as argued by Par... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Becoming (philosophy)-Since the time of Plato and Aristotle, classical ontology has posited ordinary world reality as constituted of enduring substances, to which transient processes are ontologically subordinate, if they are not denied. If Socrates changes, becoming sick, Socrates is still the sa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Becoming (philosophy)-In physics, Ilya Prigogine distinguishes between the "physics of being" and the "physics of becoming". Process philosophy covers not just scientific intuitions and experiences, but can be used as a conceptual bridge to facilitate discussions among religion, philosophy, and sc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-History-In ancient Greek thought Heraclitus proclaimed that the basic nature of all things is change. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-History-The quotation from Heraclitus appears in Plato's Cratylus twice; in 401d as: τὰ ὄντα ἰέναι τε πάντα καὶ μένειν οὐδένTa onta ienai te panta kai menein ouden"All entities move and nothing remains still"and in 402a"πάντα χωρεῖ καὶ οὐδὲν μένει" καὶ "δὶς ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν ποταμὸν οὐκ ἂν ἐμβαίης"Pant... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-History-"All things are an interchange for fire, and fire for all things, just like goods for gold and gold for goods." The following is an interpretation of Heraclitus's concepts into modern terms by Nicholas Rescher. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-History-"...reality is not a constellation of things at all, but one of processes. The fundamental "stuff" of the world is not material substance, but volatile flux, namely "fire", and all things are versions thereof (puros tropai). Process is fundamental: the river is not an object, but a continu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-History-Nietzsche and Kierkegaard In his written works, Friedrich Nietzsche proposed what has been regarded as a philosophy of becoming that encompasses a "naturalistic doctrine intended to counter the metaphysical preoccupation with being", and a theory of "the incessant shift of perspectives and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-History-Twentieth century In the early twentieth century, the philosophy of mathematics was undertaken to develop mathematics as an airtight, axiomatic system in which every truth could be derived logically from a set of axioms. In the foundations of mathematics, this project is variously understo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-History-Process thought describes truth as "movement" in and through substance (Hegelian truth), rather than substances as fixed concepts or "things" (Aristotelian truth). Since Whitehead, process thought is distinguished from Hegel in that it describes entities that arise or coalesce in becoming,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-Alfred North Whitehead began teaching and writing on process and metaphysics when he joined Harvard University in 1924.In his book Science and the Modern World (1925), Whitehead noted that the human intuitions and experiences of science, aesthetics, ethics, and reli... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-Process metaphysics For Whitehead, metaphysics is about logical frameworks for the conduct of discussions of the character of the world. It is not directly and immediately about facts of nature, but only indirectly so, in that its task is to explicitly formulate the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-An actual entity is a general philosophical term for an utterly determinate and completely concrete individual particular of the actually existing world or universe of changeable entities considered in terms of singular causality, about which categorical statements ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-For example, for Aristotle, the actual entities were the substances, such as Socrates. Besides Aristotle's ontology of substances, another example of an ontology that posits actual entities is in the monads of Leibniz, which are said to be 'windowless'.
Whitehead's ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-With one exception, all actual entities for Whitehead are temporal and are occasions of experience (which are not to be confused with consciousness). An entity that people commonly think of as a simple concrete object, or that Aristotle would think of as a substance... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-The one exceptional actual entity is at once both temporal and atemporal: God. He is objectively immortal, as well as being immanent in the world. He is objectified in each temporal actual entity; but He is not an eternal object. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-The occasions of experience are of four grades. The first grade comprises processes in a physical vacuum such as the propagation of an electromagnetic wave or gravitational influence across empty space. The occasions of experience of the second grade involve just in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-There is no mind-matter duality in this ontology, because "mind" is simply seen as an abstraction from an occasion of experience which has also a material aspect, which is of course simply another abstraction from it; thus the mental aspect and the material aspect a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-Time, causality, and process Inherent in each actual entity is its respective dimension of time. Potentially, each Whiteheadean occasion of experience is causally consequential on every other occasion of experience that precedes it in time, and has as its causal con... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-Such process is never deterministic. Consequently, free will is essential and inherent to the universe. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-The causal outcomes obey the usual well-respected rule that the causes precede the effects in time. Some pairs of processes cannot be connected by cause-and-effect relations, and they are said to be spatially separated. This is in perfect agreement with the viewpoin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-Atomicity The actual entities, the occasions of experience, are logically atomic in the sense that an occasion of experience cannot be cut and separated into two other occasions of experience. This kind of logical atomicity is perfectly compatible with indefinitely ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-Another aspect of the atomicity of occasions of experience is that they do not change. An actual entity is what it is. An occasion of experience can be described as a process of change, but it is itself unchangeable.
The reader should bear in mind that the atomicity... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-Topology Whitehead's theory of extension was concerned with the spatio-temporal features of his occasions of experience. Fundamental to both Newtonian and to quantum theoretical mechanics is the concept of momentum. The measurement of a momentum requires a finite sp... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-Nexus is a term coined by Whitehead to show the network actual entity from the universe. In the universe of actual entities spread actual entity. Actual entities are clashing with each other and form other actual entities. The birth of an actual entity based on an a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-In some contexts, especially in the theory of relativity in physics, the word 'event' refers to a single point in Minkowski or in Riemannian space-time. A point event is not a process in the sense of Whitehead's metaphysics. Neither is a countable sequence or array ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-Whitehead's abstractions Whitehead's abstractions are conceptual entities that are abstracted from or derived from and founded upon his actual entities. Abstractions are themselves not actual entities. They are the only entities that can be real but are not actual e... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-An abstraction is a conceptual entity that refers to more than one single actual entity. Whitehead's ontology refers to importantly structured collections of actual entities as nexuses of actual entities. Collection of actual entities into a nexus emphasizes some as... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-'Eternal object' is a term coined by Whitehead. It is an abstraction, a possibility, or pure potential. It can be ingredient into some actual entity. It is a principle that can give a particular form to an actual entity.Whitehead admitted indefinitely many eternal o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-Relation between actual entities and abstractions stated in the ontological principle For Whitehead, besides its temporal generation by the actual entities which are its contributory causes, a process may be considered as a concrescence of abstract ingredient eterna... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Whitehead's Process and Reality-Causation and concrescence of a process Concrescence is a term coined by Whitehead to show the process of jointly forming an actual entity that was without form, but about to manifest itself into an entity Actual full (satisfaction) based on datums or for informatio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Commentary on Whitehead and on process philosophy-Whitehead is not an idealist in the strict sense. Whitehead's thought may be regarded as related to the idea of panpsychism (also known as panexperientialism, because of Whitehead's emphasis on experience).
On God Whitehead's philosophy is complex,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Commentary on Whitehead and on process philosophy-He is the unconditioned actuality of conceptual feeling at the base of things; so that by reason of this primordial actuality, there is an order in the relevance of eternal objects to the process of creation.: 344 [...] The particularities of the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Legacy and applications-Biology In plant morphology, Rolf Sattler developed a process morphology (dynamic morphology) that overcomes the structure/process (or structure/function) dualism that is commonly taken for granted in biology. According to process morphology, structures such as leaves of pl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Legacy and applications-Ecology With its perspective that everything is interconnected, that all life has value, and that non-human entities are also experiencing subjects, process philosophy has played an important role in discourse on ecology and sustainability. The first book to connect process... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Legacy and applications-Mathematics In the philosophy of mathematics, some of Whitehead's ideas re-emerged in combination with cognitivism as the cognitive science of mathematics and embodied mind theses. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Legacy and applications-Somewhat earlier, exploration of mathematical practice and quasi-empiricism in mathematics from the 1950s to 1980s had sought alternatives to metamathematics in social behaviours around mathematics itself: for instance, Paul Erdős's simultaneous belief in Platonism and a si... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Legacy and applications-Medicine Several fields of science and especially medicine seem to make liberal use of ideas in process philosophy, notably the theory of pain and healing of the late 20th century. The philosophy of medicine began to deviate somewhat from scientific method and an emphasis o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Legacy and applications-Psychology In psychology, the subject of imagination was again explored more extensively since Whitehead, and the question of feasibility or "eternal objects" of thought became central to the impaired theory of mind explorations that framed postmodern cognitive science. A b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Becoming (philosophy)-Legacy and applications-Philosophy of movement The philosophy of movement is a sub-area within process philosophy that treats processes as movements. It studies processes as flows, folds, and fields in historical patterns of centripetal, centrifugal, tensional, and elastic motion. See Thomas Nail'... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Process trailer-Process trailer-A process trailer, also known as insert trailer and low loader, is a trailer towed by a tracking vehicle for the purpose of being used as a moving camera platform. They are generally very low to the ground to give a realistic perspective of height and can be expanded in width to allow th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Guluronic acid-Guluronic acid-Guluronic acid is a uronic acid monosaccharide that may be derived from gulose. l-Guluronic acid is a C-3 epimer of l-galacturonic acid and a C-5 epimer of d-mannuronic acid. Along with d-mannuronic acid, l-guluronic acid is a component of alginic acid, a polysaccharide found in brown alga... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Collier's sign-Collier's sign-Collier's sign (also known as Collier's tucked lid sign or posterior fossa stare) is bilateral or unilateral eyelid retraction. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Collier's sign-Collier's sign-It is an accepted medical sign of a midbrain lesion, first described in 1927 by J Collier. With the eyes in the primary position, the sclera can be seen above the cornea, and further upgaze increases the distance between the eyelids and irises. Causes include upper dorsal midbrain supranuc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Bell boots-Bell boots-Bell boots, or overreach boots, are a type of protective boot worn by a horse. They encircle the horse's ankle, and protect the back of the pastern and the heels of the animal. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Bell boots-Uses of bell boots-Bell boots are usually worn to prevent overreaching (when the horse "grabs" his front heels with the toes of his back feet, resulting in injury), or if the horse is wearing shoe studs, to protect him from accidentally injuring himself with the stud of the opposing hoof. In some cases a hor... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Bell boots-Applying bell boots-Bell boots are usually made of rubber. They may be open, with Velcro or other fastenings to close them, or closed and slipped on over the hoof. Although open bell boots are the easiest to apply, close bell boots are more secure as they have no chance of slipping off.
To apply closed bell ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Bell boots-Causes of discomfort-Most horses do not mind wearing bell boots and suffer no adverse effects when they are used properly. However, even a correctly fitted bell boot may chafe and cause discomfort to a horse if the material the boot is made of is exceedingly stiff or if the horse has especially sensitive ski... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Skills-based routing-Skills-based routing-Skills-based routing (SBR), or skills-based call routing, is a call-assignment strategy used in call centres to assign incoming calls to the most suitable agent, instead of simply choosing the next available agent. It is an enhancement to the automatic call distributor (ACD) sy... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Skills-based routing-Skills-based routing-However, independent analysts and consultants argue that the extra complexity of a skills-based routing system might not return the claimed benefits. They outline the difficulty of predetermining the needed skills and suggest that a poorly implemented skills-based routing syste... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Skills-based routing-Skills-based routing-Some consider it a fruitful area of research. Others claim that the traditional queueing theory formula, such as Erlang-C, are no longer relevant for determining staff schedules, because they are inaccurate. They also imply that theoretical approaches will not be accurate, bec... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
KAlgebra-KAlgebra-KAlgebra is a mathematical graph calculator included in the KDE education package. While it is based on the MathML content markup language, knowledge of MathML is not required for use. The calculator includes numerical, logical, symbolic, and analytical functions, and can plot the results onto a 2D or... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
KAlgebra-KAlgebra-KAlgebra has been mentioned by various media sources as free / open source educational programs. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
KAlgebra-User interface and syntax-KAlgebra uses an intuitive algebraic syntax, similar to those used on modern graphing calculators. User-entered expressions are converted to MathML in the background, or they can be entered directly. The program is divided into four views, Console, 2D Graph, 3D Graph, and Dictionary. ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
KAlgebra-User interface and syntax-The dictionary includes a comprehensive list of all built-in functions in KAlgebra. Functions can be looked up with parameters, examples, formulas and sample plots. Over 100 functions and operations are currently supported. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
KAlgebra-Graphing and dictionary-In the 2D and 3D graph views, functions can evaluated and plotted. Currently KAlgebra only supports 3D graphs explicitly dependent only on the x and y. Both views support defining the viewpoint. The user can hover their cursor over a line and find the exact X and Y values for 2D graphs,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
KAlgebra-Graphing and dictionary-In the 3D view, the user can control the viewpoint position with the keyboard's arrow keys, and zooming in and out is done with the W and S keys respectively. The user can also draw lines and make dots on the 3D graph and export the graph in various formats. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vaginal microbicide-Vaginal microbicide-A vaginal microbicide is a microbicide for vaginal use. Most commonly such a product would be a topical gel or cream inserted into the vagina so that it may treat some infection in the vagina, such as types of vaginitis.
Along with rectal microbicides, vaginal microbicides are cu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vaginal microbicide-Vaginal microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases-Scientists are trying to develop effective microbicides to reduce the risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection, and in particular, to reduce the risk of contracting HIV. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vaginal microbicide-Vaginal microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases-Target market Researchers have investigated who has interest in using a vaginal microbicide. Condoms are highly effective in preventing the transmission of infection, but worldwide, the decision to use condoms is more often a decision made by ma... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vaginal microbicide-Vaginal microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases-Characteristics The ideal vaginal microbicide would have the following characteristics: provide protection against infection not require application at the time of intercourse not harm the natural tissueThe criteria of not harming natural tissue... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vaginal microbicide-For HIV-Several unrelated chemical mechanisms have been proposed for vaginal microbicides. In all cases, the medicine would be contained in a gel or cream substrate and then inserted into the vagina, where the medicine would activate.
Surfactants The first vaginal microbicide which researchers studi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
False peak-False peak-In mountaineering, a false peak or false summit is a peak that appears to be the pinnacle of the mountain but upon reaching, it turns out the summit is higher. False peaks can have significant and discouraging effects on climbers' psychological states by inducing feelings of lost hope or even fail... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Neoeriocitrin-Neoeriocitrin-Neoeriocitrin is a 7-O-glycoside of the flavanone eriodictyol and the disaccharide neohesperidose (α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranose).
Note that the 'neo' in the name in this case does not refer to the position of the B-ring (which is not in a neo position), but refer to the glycos... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Food Factor-Food Factor-Food Factor is the FIRST Lego League (FLL) competition for 2011-12; released on September 2. It focuses on food safety and methods to prevent contamination.This is the first year that the name of the challenge theme of FLL is different from Jr.FLL. Jr.FLL's theme for 2011-12 is Snack Attack. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Food Factor-Project-Teams are tasked with identifying a food item and tracking its journey from creation to consumption. From this, teams identify potential sources of contamination and create solutions to those problems. Teams then share their project with the community and with judges at competition. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Food Factor-Gameplay-The table performance portion of Food Factor is played on a 4 ft by 8 ft field rimmed by wood boards. At competition, two of these fields are placed together to form an 8 ft square. In each 2+1⁄2-minute match, a team competes on each field with their robot to earn up to 452 points manipulating the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Food Factor-Gameplay-Missions All of the Food Factor missions relate to various food topics and food safety problems: Pollution Reversal - 4 points per ball (up to 8 points) Corn Harvest - up to 9 points Fishing - up to 18 points Pizza and Ice Cream - 7 points each (up to 14 points) Farm Fresh Produce - 9 points Distan... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
C1QL1-C1QL1-The complement component 1, q subcomponent-like 1 (or C1QL1) is encoded by a gene located at chromosome 17q21.31. It is a secreted protein and is 258 amino acids in length.
The protein is widely expressed but its expression is highest in the brain and may also be involved in regulation of motor control.
The... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
C1QL1-Protein function-Its physiological function is unknown. It is a member of the C1Q domain proteins which have important signalling roles in inflammation and in adaptive immunity. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
C1QL1-RNA editing-Editing type The pre-mRNA of this protein is subject to A to I RNA editing, which is catalyzed by a family of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) that specifically recognize adenosines within double-stranded regions of pre-mRNAs and deaminate them to inosine. Inosines are recognised as guanosin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
C1QL1-RNA editing-Editing sites The candidate editing sites were determined experimentally by comparison of cDNA sequences and genomically encoded DNA from the same individual to avoid single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two of the three editing sites found in mouse gene were found in the human transcript.
However,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
C1QL1-RNA editing-T/A site This site is also found in exon 1, at position 63. It was only detected in one genomic sample indicating that the edited residue may be an SNP. However, the secondary structure of the RNA is predicted, around the editing site, to be highly conserved in mice and humans. This indicates that the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
C1QL1-RNA editing-The ECS is also predicted to be found within exon 1 at a location 5' to the editing region.
Editing regulation Editing is differentially expressed in the cerebellum and cortex. This regulation is also present in mice suggesting conservation of editing regulation. No editing has been detected in human ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
C1QL1-RNA editing-Evolutionary conservation The sequence of exon 1 is highly conserved in mammalian species and editing of the pre-mRNA of this protein is likely to occur in mice, rat, dog and cow as well as humans. Even though the ECS is not conserved in non-mammals, an alternative ECS has been predicted in Zebrafish ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
C1QL1-RNA editing-Effects on Protein structure These predicted editing sites result in the translation of an Arginine instead of a Glutamine at the Q/R site and an Alanine instead of a Threonine at the T/A site. These codon changes are nonsynomonous. Since the editing sites are located just before a collagen like trime... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Occupy movement hand signals-Occupy movement hand signals-The Occupy movement hand signals are a group of hand signals used by Occupy movement protesters to negotiate a consensus. Hand signals are used instead of conventional audible signals, like applause, shouts, or booing, because they do not interrupt the speaker u... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Occupy movement hand signals-Example signals-Twinkles and down twinkles are referred to as a "temperature check". They indicate if a group is getting close to consensus. Twinkles are also known as "sparkle" or "jazz hands" or spirit fingers. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Occupy movement hand signals-Origins-In addition to commonalities with various sign languages, and cultural gestures, these or similar hand signals have been used by other groups and events prior to the Occupy Wall Street protests. These include: Camp for Climate Action The Woodcraft Folk Direct Action Network The 15-M... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Occupy movement hand signals-Influence-Some followers of agile software development processes have drawn on the Occupy movement's hand signs in an attempt to improve communication during meetings, notably the UK's Government Digital Service.After the Occupy movements, these hand signals were used by other social moveme... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy-Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy-Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy (SAF) is a technique to detect and characterize fluorescent species (proteins, biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, etc.) and their behaviour close or even adsorbed or linked at surfaces. The me... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy-SAF microscopy principle-The principle how SAF Microscopy works is as follows: A fluorescent specimen does not emit fluorescence isotropically when it comes close to a surface, but approximately 70% of the fluorescence emitted is directed into the solid phase. Here, the main ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Supercritical angle fluorescence microscopy-Typical SAF-setup-The typical SAF setup consists of a laser line (typically 450-633 nm), which is reflected into the aspheric lens by a dichroic mirror. The lens focuses the laser beam in the sample, causing the particles to fluoresce. The fluorescent light then passes throug... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
HTree-HTree-An HTree is a specialized tree data structure for directory indexing, similar to a B-tree. They are constant depth of either one or two levels, have a high fanout factor, use a hash of the filename, and do not require balancing. The HTree algorithm is distinguished from standard B-tree methods by its treatm... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
HTree-History-The HTree index data structure and algorithm were developed by Daniel Phillips in 2000 and implemented for the ext2 filesystem in February 2001. A port to the ext3 filesystem by Christopher Li and Andrew Morton in 2002 during the 2.5 kernel series added journal based crash consistency. With minor improvem... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
HTree-Use-ext2 HTree indexes were originally developed for ext2 but the patch never made it to the official branch. The dir_index feature can be enabled when creating an ext2 filesystem, but the ext2 code won't act on it.
ext3 HTree indexes are available in ext3 when the dir_index feature is enabled.
ext4 HTree indexes... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
HTree-PHTree-PHTree (Physically stable HTree) is a derivation intended as a successor. It fixes all the known issues with HTree except for write multiplication. It is used in the Tux3 filesystem. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-Opal-Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO2·nH2O); its water content may range from 3 to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6 and 10%. Due to its amorphous property, it is classified as a mineraloid, unlike crystalline forms of silica, which are considered minerals. It is deposited at a relatively lo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-Opal-The name opal is believed to be derived from the Sanskrit word upala (उपल), which means 'jewel', and later the Greek derivative opállios (ὀπάλλιος), which means 'to see a change in color'. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-Opal-There are two broad classes of opal: precious and common. Precious opal displays play-of-color (iridescence); common opal does not. Play-of-color is defined as "a pseudo chromatic optical effect resulting in flashes of colored light from certain minerals, as they are turned in white light." The internal struc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-Precious opal-Precious opal shows a variable interplay of internal colors, and though it is a mineraloid, it has an internal structure. At microscopic scales, precious opal is composed of silica spheres some 150–300 nm (5.9×10−6–1.18×10−5 in) in diameter in a hexagonal or cubic close-packed lattice. It was shown b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-Precious opal-Visible light cannot pass through large thicknesses of the opal. This is the basis of the optical band gap in a photonic crystal. The notion that opals are photonic crystals for visible light was expressed in 1995 by Vasily Astratov's group. In addition, microfractures may be filled with secondary si... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-Precious opal-For gemstone use, most opal is cut and polished to form a cabochon. "Natural" opal refers to polished stones consisting wholly of precious opal. Opals too thin to produce a "natural" opal may be combined with other materials to form "composite" gems. An opal doublet consists of a relatively thin laye... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-Common opal-Besides the gemstone varieties that show a play of color, the other kinds of common opal include the milk opal, milky bluish to greenish (which can sometimes be of gemstone quality); resin opal, which is honey-yellow with a resinous luster; wood opal, which is caused by the replacement of the organic m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-Other varieties of opal-"Girasol opal" is a term sometimes mistakenly and improperly used to refer to fire opals, as well as a type of transparent to semitransparent type milky quartz from Madagascar which displays an asterism, or star effect when cut properly. However, the true girasol opal is a type of hyalite o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-History-Opal was rare and very valuable in antiquity. In Europe, it was a gem prized by royalty. Until the opening of vast deposits in Australia in the 19th century the only known source was Červenica beyond the Roman frontier in Slovakia. Opal is the national gemstone of Australia. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-Sources-The primary sources of opal are Australia and Ethiopia, but because of inconsistent and widely varying accountings of their respective levels of extraction, it is difficult to accurately state what proportion of the global supply of opal comes from either country. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-Sources-Australian opal has been cited as accounting for 95–97% of the world's supply of precious opal, with the state of South Australia accounting for 80% of the world's supply. In 2012, Ethiopian opal production was estimated to be 14,000 kg (31,000 lb) by the United States Geological Survey. USGS data from the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Opal-Sources-Australia The town of Coober Pedy in South Australia is a major source of opal. The world's largest and most valuable gem opal "Olympic Australis" was found in August 1956 at the "Eight Mile" opal field in Coober Pedy. It weighs 17,000 carats (3.4 kg; 7.5 lb) and is 11 inches (280 mm) long, with a height o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.