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Garlic fingers-Garlic fingers-Garlic fingers (French: Doigts à l'ail) known also as garlic cheese fingers are an Atlantic Canadian dish, similar to a pizza in shape and size and made with the same type of dough. Instead of being cut in triangular slices, they are presented in thin strips, or "fingers".Instead of the tr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Garlic fingers-Garlic fingers-Garlic fingers are often eaten as a side dish with pizza, and dipped in donair sauce or marinara sauce. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Garlic fingers-Wisconsin-style cheese fries-In central Wisconsin and some other parts of the state, a similar dish is served, consisting of a pizza-like, typically thin crust topped with cheese and garlic butter or a garlic-butter-like mixture. It is cut into strips and often accompanied with marinara sauce.
Called che... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CART Precision Racing-CART Precision Racing-CART Precision Racing is a racing video game developed by Terminal Reality and published by Microsoft Studios for Windows. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CART Precision Racing-Development-The game was showcased at E3 1997. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CART Precision Racing-Reception-GameSpot said for the PC, "CART Precision Racing raises the bar for serious racing simulations" and rated the game 8.5. GamePro contradicted that "while Microsoft has done an admirable job with its new CART Precision Racing, it falls short of becoming the new benchmark in racing games." ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Model-driven application-Model-driven application-A model-driven application is a software application that the functions or behaviors are based on, or in control of, some evolutionary applied models of the target things to the application. The applied models are served as a part of the application system in which it c... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Model-driven application-History-The ideal of the architecture for a model-driven application was first put forward by Tong-Ying Yu on the Enterprise Engineering Forum in 1999, which have been studied and spread through some internet media for a long time. It had influence on the field of enterprise application develop... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Model-driven application-Instance-Business process management (BPM) is the significant practice to the model-driven application. According to the definition, a BPM system is model-driven if the functions are operated based on the business process models which are built and changed at the operational time but not the de... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Model-driven application-Notes-Note that it should be distinguished from the Model-Driven Architecture (MDA); the latter is a software design approach for the development of software systems and generally does not specify a specific system style or the runtime configuration. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Seven-segment display character representations-Seven-segment display character representations-The topic of seven-segment display character representations revolves around the various shapes of numerical digits, letters, and punctuation devisable on seven-segment displays. Such representation of characters is not stan... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Seven-segment display character representations-Digit-Two basic conventions are in common use for some Arabic numerals: display segment A is optional for digit 6 (/), segment F for 7 (/), and segment D for 9 (/). Although EF () could also be used to represent digit 1, this seems to be rarely done if ever. CDEG () is oc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Seven-segment display character representations-Digit-In Unicode 13.0, 10 codepoints had been given for segmented digits 0–9 in the Symbols for Legacy Computing block: | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Seven-segment display character representations-Alphabet-In addition to the ten digits, seven-segment displays can be used to show most letters of the Latin, Cyrillic and Greek alphabets including punctuation. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Seven-segment display character representations-Alphabet-One such special case is the display of the letters A–F when denoting the hexadecimal values (digits) 10–15. These are needed on some scientific calculators, and are used with some testing displays on electronic equipment. Although there is no official standard, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Seven-segment display character representations-Alphabet-Soviet programmable calculators like the Б3-34 instead used the symbols "−", "L", "C", "Г", "E", and " " (space) to display hexadecimal numbers above nine. (The Б3-34 character set allowed for a cross-alphabet display of the English word "Error" as either EГГ0Г o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Seven-segment display character representations-Alphabet-The CD4511 even just displayed blanks. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Seven-segment display character representations-Alphabet-The Magic Black Box, an electronic version of the Magic 8-Ball toy, used a ROM to generate 64 different 16-character alphanumeric messages on a LED display. It could not generate K, M, V, W, and X but it could generate a question mark.For the remainder of charact... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Seven-segment display character representations-Examples-The following phrases come from a portable media player's seven-segment display. They give a good illustration of an application where a seven-segment display may be sufficient for displaying letters, since the relevant messages are neither critical nor in any si... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Memorex-Memorex-Memorex Corp. began as a computer tape producer and expanded to become both a consumer media supplier and a major IBM plug compatible peripheral supplier. It was broken up and ceased to exist after 1996 other than as a consumer electronics brand specializing in disk recordable media for CD and DVD drive... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Memorex-History and evolution-Established in 1961 in Silicon Valley, Memorex started by selling computer tapes, then added other media such as disk packs. The company then expanded into disk drives and other peripheral equipment for IBM mainframes. During the 1970s and into the early 1980s, Memorex was worldwide one of... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Memorex-History and evolution-Memorex entered the consumer media business in 1971 and started the ad campaign, first with its "shattering glass" advertisements and then with a series of legendary television commercials featuring Ella Fitzgerald. In the commercials, she would sing a note that shattered a glass while bei... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Memorex-History and evolution-In 1982, Memorex was bought by Burroughs for its enterprise businesses; the company’s consumer business, a small segment of the company’s revenue at that time was sold to Tandy. Over the next six years, Burroughs and its successor Unisys shut down, sold off or spun out the various remainin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Memorex-History and evolution-The computer media, communications and IBM end user sales and service organization were spun out as Memorex International. In 1988, Memorex International acquired the Telex Corporation becoming Memorex Telex NV, a corporation based in the Netherlands, which survived as an entity until the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Memorex-Timeline-1961 – Memorex is founded by Laurence L. Spitters, Arnold T. Challman, Donald F. Eldridge and W Lawrence Noon with Spitters as president.
1962 – Memorex is one of the early independent companies to ship computer tape.
May 1965 – Memorex IPO's at $25 and closes at $32.
1966 – Memorex is first independen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Memorex-Timeline-Jun 1968 – Memorex is first to ship an IBM-plug-compatible disk drive 1970 – Memorex ships 1270 Communications Controller 1971 – With CBS Memorex forms CMX Systems, a company formed to design videotape editing systems Sep 1971 – Memorex launches its consumer tape business 1972 – Memorex launches its "I... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Memorex-Timeline-Jan 1988 – Memorex-Telex merger Dec 1988 – Unisys mainly shuts down large disk business and spins off service and repair as Sequel.
Nov 1993 – Tandy sells Memorex consumer brand to Hanny Holdings of Hong Kong Oct 1996 – The U.S. operations of Memorex Telex NV filed for bankruptcy and with court approva... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
FindBugs-FindBugs-FindBugs is an open-source static code analyser created by Bill Pugh and David Hovemeyer which detects possible bugs in Java programs. Potential errors are classified in four ranks: (i) scariest, (ii) scary, (iii) troubling and (iv) of concern. This is a hint to the developer about their possible impa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
FindBugs-SpotBugs-SpotBugs is the spiritual successor of FindBugs, carrying on from the point where it left off with support of its community. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
FindBugs-SpotBugs-In 2016, the project lead of FindBugs was inactive but there are many issues in its community so Andrey Loskutov gave an announcement to its community, and some volunteers tried creating a project with support for modern Java platform and better maintainability. In 2017 Sep, Andrey Loskutov again gave... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
FindBugs-SpotBugs-There are also plug-ins available for Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, Gradle, Maven and SonarQube. SpotBugs also supports all of existing FindBugs plugins such as sb-contrib, find-security-bugs, with several minor changes.
Applications SpotBugs have numerous areas of applications: Testing during a Continuous ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
International Journal of Neuroscience-International Journal of Neuroscience-The International Journal of Neuroscience is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original research articles, reviews, brief scientific notes, case studies, letters to the editor, and book reviews concerned with all aspects of neur... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
International Journal of Neuroscience-Editors-The Editors-in-Chief of the International Journal of Neuroscience is Dr. Mohamad Bydon. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Morphosyntactic alignment-In linguistics, morphosyntactic alignment is the grammatical relationship between arguments—specifically, between the two arguments (in English, subject and object) of transitive verbs like the dog chased the cat, and the single argument of intransitive verbs like the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Terminology-Arguments Dixon (1994) The following notations will be used to discuss the various types of alignment: S (from sole), the subject of an intransitive verb ; A (from agent), the subject of a transitive verb; O (from object), the object of a transitive verb. Some authors use the label... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Terminology-In a nominative–accusative system, S and A are grouped together, contrasting O. In an ergative–absolutive system, S and O are one group and contrast with A. The English language represents a typical nominative–accusative system (accusative for short). The name derived from the nomi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Terminology-Bickel & Nichols (2009) Listed below are argument roles used by Bickel and Nichols for the description of alignment types. Their taxonomy is based on semantic roles and valency (the number of arguments controlled by a predicate). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Terminology-S, the sole argument of a one-place predicate A, the more agent-like arguments of a two-place (A1) or three-place (A2) predicate O, the less agent-like argument of a two-place predicate G, the more goal-like argument of a three-place predicate T, the non-goal-like and non-agent-lik... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Types of alignment-Nominative–accusative (or accusative) alignment treats the S argument of an intransitive verb like the A argument of transitive verbs, with the O argument distinct (S = A; O separate) (see nominative–accusative language). In a language with morphological case marking, an S a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Types of alignment-Ergative–absolutive (or ergative) alignment treats an intransitive argument like a transitive O argument (S = O; A separate) (see ergative–absolutive language). An A may be marked with an ergative case (or sometimes an oblique case used also for the genitive or instrumental ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Types of alignment-Active–stative alignment treats the arguments of intransitive verbs like the A argument of transitives (like English) in some cases and like transitive O arguments (like Inuit) in other cases (Sa=A; So=O). For example, in Georgian, Mariamma imğera "Mary (-ma) sang", Mariam s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Types of alignment-Austronesian alignment, also called Philippine-type alignment, is found in the Austronesian languages of the Philippines, Borneo, Taiwan, and Madagascar. These languages have both accusative-type and ergative-type alignments in transitive verbs. They are traditionally (and m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Types of alignment-Direct alignment: very few languages make no distinction among agent, patient, and intransitive arguments, leaving the hearer to rely entirely on context and common sense to figure them out. This S/A/O case is called direct, as it sometimes is in Austronesian alignment.
Trip... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Types of alignment-Transitive alignment: certain Iranian languages, such as Rushani, distinguish only transitivity (in the past tense), using a transitive case for both A and O, and an intransitive case for S. That is sometimes called a double-oblique system, as the transitive case is equivale... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Types of alignment-A popular idea, introduced in Anderson (1976), is that some constructions universally favor accusative alignment while others are more flexible. In general, behavioral constructions (control, raising, relativization) are claimed to favor nominative–accusative alignment while... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Comparison between ergative-absolutive and nominative-accusative-The arguments can be symbolized as follows: O = most patient-like argument of a transitive clause (also symbolized as P) S = sole argument of an intransitive clause A = most agent-like argument of a transitive clauseThe S/A/O ter... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Comparison between ergative-absolutive and nominative-accusative-The relationship between ergative and accusative systems can be schematically represented as the following: The following Basque examples demonstrate ergative–absolutive case marking system: In Basque, gizona is "the man" and mut... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Comparison between ergative-absolutive and nominative-accusative-With a verb like etorri, "come", there's no need to distinguish "who is doing the coming", so no -k is added. "The boy came" is mutila etorri da. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Morphosyntactic alignment-Comparison between ergative-absolutive and nominative-accusative-Japanese – by contrast – marks nouns by following them with different particles which indicate their function in the sentence: In this language, in the sentence "the man saw the child", the one doing the seeing ("man") may be mar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kempe's universality theorem-Kempe's universality theorem-In 1876 Alfred B. Kempe published his article On a General Method of describing Plane Curves of the nth degree by Linkwork, which showed that for an arbitrary algebraic plane curve a linkage can be constructed that draws the curve. This direct connection between... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kempe's universality theorem-Kempe's universality theorem-He then calls for the "mathematical artist" to find simpler ways to achieve this result: The method has, however, an interest, as showing that there is a way of drawing any given case; and the variety of methods of expressing particular functions that have alrea... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kempe's universality theorem-Kempe's universality theorem-A series of animations demonstrating the linkwork that results from Kempe's universality theorem are available for the parabola, self-intersecting cubic, smooth elliptic cubic and the trifolium curves. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kempe's universality theorem-Simpler drawing linkages-Several approaches have been taken to simplify the drawing linkages that result from Kempe's universality theorem. Some of the complexity arises from the linkages Kempe used to perform addition and subtraction of two angles, the multiplication of an angle by a const... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kempe's universality theorem-Visualizations-Below is an example of a single-coupled serial chain mechanism, designed by Liu and McCarthy, used to draw the trifolium curve (left) and the hypocycloid curve (right). Using SageMath, their design was interpreted into these images. The source code can be found on GitHub. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ynolate-Ynolate-Ynolates are chemical compounds with a negatively charged oxygen attached to an alkyne functionality. They were first synthesized in 1975 by Schöllkopf and Hoppe via the n-butyllithium fragmentation of 3,4-diphenylisoxazole.Synthetically, they behave as ketene precursors or synthons. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Unisys OS 2200 programming languages-Unisys OS 2200 programming languages-OS 2200 has had several generations of compilers and linkers in its history supporting a wide variety of programming languages. In the first releases, the Exec II assembler (SLEUTH) and compilers were used. The assembler was quickly replaced with... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Unisys OS 2200 programming languages-Universal Compiling System-The modern compiling system for OS 2200 is known as UCS, Universal Compiling System. The UCS architecture uses a common syntax analyzer, separate semantic front ends for each language and a common back-end and optimizer. There is also a common language run... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Unisys OS 2200 programming languages-Legacy compilers-Previous PLUS, COBOL and FORTRAN compilers are also still supported. An even earlier FORTRAN compiler (FORTRAN V), while no longer supported, is still in use for an application developed in the 1960s in that language.
Compilers previously existed for ALGOL, Simula, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Unisys OS 2200 programming languages-Assembler-The assembler, MASM, is heavily used both to obtain the ultimate in efficiency and to implement system calls that are not native to the programming language. Much of the MASM code in current use is a carryover from earlier days when compiler technology was not as advanced ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Unisys OS 2200 programming languages-Linking-There are two linking systems used. The collector (@MAP) combines the output relocatable elements of the basic-mode compilers and assemblers into an absolute element which is directly executable. While this linker is intended primarily to support basic mode, the relocatable ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Unisys OS 2200 programming languages-Linking-The linker (@LINK) is the modern linking environment which combines object modules into a new object module. It provides both static and dynamic linking capabilities. The most common usage is to combine the object modules of a program statically but to allow dynamic linking ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Unisys OS 2200 programming languages-Java-OS 2200 provides a complete Java environment. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Unisys OS 2200 programming languages-Java-Java on OS 2200 has evolved from an interesting additional capability for small servlets and tools to a full environment capable of handling large applications. The Virtual Machine for the Java Platform on ClearPath OS 2200 JProcessor is a Linux port of the Oracle Corporation J... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ancient TL-Ancient TL-Ancient TL is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering luminescence and electron spin resonance dating. It is published by the Luminescence Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Physics, East Carolina University. The journal was established in 1977 by D.W. Zimmerman (Washington Univer... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Isotopes of gadolinium-Isotopes of gadolinium-Naturally occurring gadolinium (64Gd) is composed of 6 stable isotopes, 154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd and 160Gd, and 1 radioisotope, 152Gd, with 158Gd being the most abundant (24.84% natural abundance). The predicted double beta decay of 160Gd has never been observed; o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Isotopes of gadolinium-Isotopes of gadolinium-The primary decay mode at atomic weights lower than the most abundant stable isotope, 158Gd, is electron capture, and the primary mode at higher atomic weights is beta decay. The primary decay products for isotopes lighter than 158Gd are isotopes of europium and the primary... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Isotopes of gadolinium-Isotopes of gadolinium-Gadolinium-153 has a half-life of 240.4 ± 10 days and emits gamma radiation with strong peaks at 41 keV and 102 keV. It is used as a gamma ray source for X-ray absorptiometry and fluorescence, for bone density gauges for osteoporosis screening, and for radiometric profiling... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Shell growth in estuaries-Shell growth in estuaries is an aspect of marine biology that has attracted a number of scientific research studies. Many groups of marine organisms produce calcified exoskeletons, commonly known as shells, hard calcium carbonate structures which the organisms rely on... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Shell growth in estuaries-Estuaries have large variation in salinity, ranging from entirely fresh water upstream to fully marine water at the ocean boundary. Estuarine systems also experience daily, tidal and seasonal swings in temperature, which affect many of the chemical characteristics of ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Shell growth in estuaries-Minute pelagic species in the phyla Foraminifera and Radiolaria also produce ornate calcareous skeletons. Many benthic mollusks have planktonic larvae called veligers that have calcareous shells, and these larvae are particularly vulnerable to changes in water chemist... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Details of carbonate usage-There are several variations in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) skeletons, including the two different crystalline forms, calcite and aragonite, as well as other elements which can become incorporated into the mineral matrix, altering its properties. Calcite is a hexagonal... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Influencing factors-Food availability can alter shell growth patterns, as can chemical cues from predators, which cause clams, snails and oysters to produce thicker shells. There are costs to producing thicker shells as protection, including the energetic expense of calcification, limits on so... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Influencing factors-Temperature and salinity also affect shell growth by altering organismal processes, including metabolism and shell magnesium (Mg) incorporation, as well as water chemistry in terms of calcium carbonate solubility, CaCO3 saturation states, ion-pairing, alkalinity and carbona... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Carbonate and shell deposition-Calcification rates are largely related to the amount of available carbonate (CO32−) ions in the water, and this is linked to the relative amounts of (and reactions between) different types of carbonate. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and from respiration of ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Carbonate and shell deposition-H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3− K1 = ([H+] x [HCO3−]) / [H2CO3] HCO3− ↔ H+ + CO32− K2 = ([H+] x [CO32−]) / [HCO3−] Since alkalinity, or acid-buffering capacity, of the water is regulated by the number of hydrogen ions that a cation can accept, carbonate (can accept 2 H+) an... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Carbonate and shell deposition-The saturation state of calcium carbonate also has a strong influence on shell deposition, with calcification only occurring when the water is saturated or supersaturated with CaCO3, based on the formula: Ω = [CO32−][Ca2+] / K’sp. Higher saturation states mean hi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of temperature on calcification-Water temperatures vary widely on a seasonal basis in polar and temperate habitats, inducing metabolic changes in organisms exposed to these conditions. Seasonal temperature swings are even more drastic in estuaries than in the open ocean due to the large... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of temperature on calcification-Solubility product Temperature has a strong effect on the solubility product constants for both calcite and aragonite, with an approximately 20% decrease in K’sp from 0 to 25 °C. The lower solubility constants for calcite and aragonite with elevated tempe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of temperature on calcification-Saturation state Temperature also has a large impact on the saturation state of calcium carbonate species, as the level of disequilibrium (degree of saturation) strongly influences reaction rates. Comeau et al. point out that cold locations such as the Ar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of temperature on calcification-In addition to impacting the solubility and saturation state of calcite and aragonite, temperature can alter the composition of shell or calcified skeletons, especially influencing the incorporation of magnesium (Mg) into the mineral matrix. Magnesium con... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of temperature on calcification-Even small temperature changes such as those predicted under global warming scenarios can influence Mg:Ca ratios, as the foraminiferan Ammonia tepida increases its Mg:Ca ratio 4-5% per degree of temperature elevation. This response is not limited to anima... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of temperature on calcification-Shell deposition Between the effect that temperature has on Mg:Ca ratios as well as on solubility and saturation state of calcite and aragonite, it is clear that short- or long-term temperature variations can influence the deposition of calcium carbonate ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of temperature on calcification-The blue mussel Mytilus edulis is a major space occupier on hard substrates on the east coast of North America and west coast of Europe, and the calcification rate of this species increases up to five times with rising temperature. Eastern oysters and cru... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of temperature on calcification-The predatory intertidal snail Nucella lapillus also develops thicker shells in warmer climates, likely due to constraints on calcification in cold water. Bivalve clams show higher growth rates and produce thicker shells, more spines, and more shell ornam... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of salinity on calcification-Salinity refers to the water's "saltiness". In oceanography and marine biology, it has been traditional to express salinity not as a percent, but as permille (parts per thousand) (‰), which is approximately grams of salt per kilogram of solution. Salinity va... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of salinity on calcification-Magnesium:calcium ratios Salinity displays a positive correlation with magnesium:calcium (Mg:Ca) ratios, though shows only about half as much influence as temperature. Salinity in some systems can account for about 25% of the variation in Mg:Ca ratios, with ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of salinity on calcification-Saturation state Salinity has a different effect on the saturation state of calcite and aragonite, causing increases in these values and in calcium concentrations with higher salinity, favoring the precipitation of calcium carbonate. Both alkalinity, or acid... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Effect of salinity on calcification-Shell deposition All of these aspects of shell deposition are affected by salinity in different ways, so it is useful to examine the overall impact that salinity has on calcification rates and shell formation in estuarine organisms, especially in conjunction... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Future changes-Shell growth and calcification rate are the cumulative outcome of the impacts of temperature and salinity on water chemistry and organismal processes such as metabolism and respiration. It has been established that temperature and salinity influence the balance of the carbonate ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Future changes-Climate change With changing climate, precipitation is predicted to increase in many areas, resulting in higher river discharge into estuarine environments. In large estuaries such as the Chesapeake Bay, this could result in a large-scale decrease in salinity over hundreds of sq... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Future changes-Calcification rates The limiting factor in shell deposition may be saturation state, especially for aragonite, which is a more soluble and less stable form of CaCO3 than calcite. In 1998, the average global aragonite saturation state was 390%, a range commonly experienced since ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Shell growth in estuaries-Future changes-One problem with counting on increased temperature to counteract effects of acidification on calcification rate is the relationship between temperature and Mg:Ca ratios, as higher temperature result in higher amounts of magnesium incorporated into the shell matrix. Shells with h... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Connectivism-Connectivism-Connectivism is a theoretical framework for understanding learning in a digital age. It emphasizes how internet technologies such as web browsers, search engines, wikis, online discussion forums, and social networks contributed to new avenues of learning. Technologies have enabled people to le... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Connectivism-History-Connectivism was first introduced in 2004 on a blog post which was later published as an article in 2005 by George Siemens. It was later expanded in 2005 by two publications, Siemens' Connectivism: Learning as Network Creation and Downes' An Introduction to Connective Knowledge. Both works received... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Connectivism-Nodes and links-The central aspect of connectivism is the metaphor of a network with nodes and connections. In this metaphor, a node is anything that can be connected to another node such as an organization, information, data, feelings, and images. Connectivism recognizes three node types: neural, conceptu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Connectivism-Nodes and links-As Downes states: "at its heart, connectivism is the thesis that knowledge is distributed across a network of connections, and therefore that learning consists of the ability to construct and traverse those networks".
Principles Principles of connectivism include: Learning and knowledge res... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Connectivism-Teaching methods-Summarizing connectivist teaching and learning, Downes states: "to teach is to model and demonstrate, to learn is to practice and reflect."In 2008, Siemens and Downes delivered an online course called "Connectivism and Connective Knowledge". It covered connectivism as content while attempt... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Connectivism-Teaching methods-At its core, connectivism is a form of experiential learning which prioritizes the set of formed by actions and experience over the idea that knowledge is propositional. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Connectivism-Criticisms-The idea that connectivism is a new theory of learning is not widely accepted. Verhagen argued that connectivism is rather a "pedagogical view."The lack of comparative literature reviews in Connectivism papers complicate evaluating how Connectivism relates to prior theories, such as socially dis... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Connectivism-Criticisms-Kerr claims that although technology affects learning environments, existing learning theories are sufficient. Kop and Hill conclude that while it does not seem that connectivism is a separate learning theory, it "continues to play an important role in the development and emergence of new pedago... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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