text
stringlengths
0
73.6k
source
stringclasses
4 values
United States military beret flash-Department of Defense beret flash history-1980s In 1980, the Army reversed part of its decision allowing airborne units to wear maroon berets, ranger units black berets and special forces units rifle–green berets. The Army's 1981 uniform regulation describes the wear of these berets w...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
United States military beret flash-Department of Defense beret flash history-2000–present In 2000, the Chief of Staff of the Army, General Eric Shinseki, decided to make the black beret the standard headgear of the Army. This was codified in regulations in 2001 and was amended in 2011 making the black beret optional he...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
United States military beret flash-Department of Defense beret flash history-In the 21st century, unlike the Department of the Army Beret Flash, Army organizational beret flashes signify a specific formation of a specialized unit, such as an active airborne, ranger, special forces, or combat advisor unit. However, ther...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
United States military beret flash-Department of Defense beret flash history-US Air Force Weather Parachutists In the mid 1960s, Air Force commando weathermen, formally known as weather parachutists, with Detachment 26 of the 30th Weather Squadron and Detachment 32 of the 5th Weather Squadron informally wore black bere...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
United States military beret flash-Department of Defense beret flash history-From 1970 through the 1980s, weather parachutists with the 5th Weather Squadron wore maroon berets with an Army style beret flash that incorporated the squadron's design and colors from their emblem's alchemical symbol for water and affixed th...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
United States military beret flash-Department of Defense beret flash history-In 1996, weather parachutists assigned to Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) began wearing a new Army style beret flash, known as the Special Operations Weather Team Beret Flash, while those assigned to Air Combat Command, known as C...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
United States military beret flash-Department of Defense beret flash history-Security Forces In 1966/67, the newly formed 1041st Security Police Squadron was authorized to wear a dark–blue beret with a unique organizational beret flash. The 1041st's beret flash has a depiction of a white falcon carrying a pair of light...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
United States military beret flash-Department of Defense beret flash history-TACP In 1979, TACP airman and NCOs were given authorization to wear the black beret. In 1984, two TACP's submitted a design for a unique beret flash and crest for wear on their berets which the Air Force approved one year later. The TACP Beret...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
United States military beret flash-Department of Defense beret flash history-Combat Aviation Advisors From 2018–2022, AFSOC authorized the wear of the brown beret for airman, NCOs, and officers assigned to what was known as combat aviation advisor squadrons, such as the 6th and 711th Special Operations Squadrons. The b...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
United States military beret flash-Department of Defense beret flash history-US Navy In the 1960s, select US Navy riverine patrol units operating in South Vietnam adopted the black beret to be part of their daily uniform and wore various accouterments on their berets. In 1967, the Commander of the Riverine Patrol Force...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
United States military beret flash-Beret flashes of the US military-Joint Obsolete Army Adjutant general Obsolete Air defense artillery Obsolete Armor and cavalry Obsolete Aviation Obsolete Chemical Obsolete Civil affairs Obsolete Engineers Obsolete Field artillery Obsolete Infantry Obsolete Logistics Obsolete Medical ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Resolution independence-Resolution independence is where elements on a computer screen are rendered at sizes independent from the pixel grid, resulting in a graphical user interface that is displayed at a consistent physical size, regardless of the resolution of the screen.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Concept-As early as 1978, the typesetting system TeX due to Donald Knuth introduced resolution independence into the world of computers. The intended view can be rendered beyond the atomic resolution without any artifacts, and the automatic typesetting decisions are guaranteed to be identical on...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Concept-The terminology device independent file format (DVI) is the file format of Donald Knuth's pioneering TeX system. The content of such a file can be interpreted at any resolution without any artifacts, even at very high resolutions not currently in use.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Implementation-macOS Apple included some support for resolution independence in early versions of macOS, which could be demonstrated with the developer tool Quartz Debug that included a feature allowing the user to scale the interface. However, the feature was incomplete, as some icons did not s...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Implementation-On June 11, 2012, Apple introduced the 2012 MacBook Pro with a resolution of 2880×1800 or 5.2 megapixels – doubling the pixel density in both dimensions. The laptop shipped with a version of macOS that provided support to scale the user interface twice as big as it has previously ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Implementation-Microsoft Windows The GDI system in Windows is pixel-based and thus not resolution-independent. To scale up the UI, Microsoft Windows has supported specifying a custom DPI from the Control Panel since Windows 95. (In Windows 3.1, the DPI setting is tied to the screen resolution, d...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Implementation-GDI+ in Windows XP adds resolution-independent text rendering however, the UI in Windows versions up to Windows XP is not completely high-DPI aware as displays with very high resolutions and high pixel densities were not available in that time frame. Windows Vista and Windows 7 sc...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Implementation-Windows Vista also adds support for programs to declare themselves to the OS that they are high-DPI aware via a manifest file or using an API. For programs that do not declare themselves as DPI-aware, Windows Vista supports a compatibility feature called DPI virtualization so syst...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Implementation-Windows Vista also introduces Windows Presentation Foundation. WPF applications are vector-based, not pixel-based and are designed to be resolution-independent. Windows 7 adds the ability to change the DPI by doing only a log off, not a full reboot and makes it a per-user setting....
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Implementation-In Windows 8, only the DPI scaling percentage is shown in the DPI changing dialog and the display of the raw DPI value has been removed. In Windows 8.1, the global setting to disable DPI virtualization (only use XP-style scaling) is removed. At pixel densities higher than 120 PPI ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Implementation-Android Since Android 1.6 "Donut" (September 2009) Android has provided support for multiple screen sizes and densities. Android expresses layout dimensions and position via the density-independent pixel or "dp" which is defined as one physical pixel on a 160 dpi screen. At runtim...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Resolution independence-Implementation-Other Although not related to true resolution independence, some other operating systems use GUIs that are able to adapt to changed font sizes. Microsoft Windows 95 onwards used the Marlett TrueType font in order to scale some window controls (close, maximize, minimize, resize han...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Göbel's sequence-Göbel's sequence-In mathematics, Göbel's sequence is a sequence of rational numbers defined by the recurrence relation xn=1+x02+x12+⋯+xn−12n, with starting value 1. Göbel's sequence starts with 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 28, 154, 3520, 1551880, ... (sequence A003504 in the OEIS)The first non-integral value is ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Göbel's sequence-Generalization-Göbel's sequence can be generalized to kth powers by xn=1+x0k+x1k+⋯+xn−1kn. The least indices at which the k-Göbel sequences assume a non-integral value are 43, 89, 97, 214, 19, 239, 37, 79, 83, 239, ... (sequence A108394 in the OEIS)
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Program Segment Prefix-Program Segment Prefix-The Program Segment Prefix (PSP) is a data structure used in DOS systems to store the state of a program. It resembles the Zero Page in the CP/M operating system. The PSP has the following structure: The PSP is most often used to get the command line arguments of a DOS prog...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Program Segment Prefix-Program Segment Prefix-If the PSP entry for the command line length is non-zero and the pointer to the environment segment is neither 0000h nor FFFFh, programs should first try to retrieve the command line from the environment variable %CMDLINE% before extracting it from the PSP. This way, it is ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Program Segment Prefix-Program Segment Prefix-The segment address of the PSP is passed in the DS register when the program is executed. It can also be determined later by using Int 21h function 51h or Int 21h function 62h. Either function will return the PSP address in register BX.Alternatively, in .COM programs loaded...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Program Segment Prefix-Program Segment Prefix-For example, the following code displays the command line arguments: In DOS 1.x, it was necessary for the CS (Code Segment) register to contain the same segment as the PSP at program termination, thus standard programming practice involved saving the DS register (since the ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Program Segment Prefix-Program Segment Prefix-If the executable was a .COM file, this procedure was unnecessary and the program could be terminated merely with a direct INT 20h instruction or else calling INT 21h function 0. However, the programmer still had to ensure that the CS register contained the segment address ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Surface exposure dating-Surface exposure dating-Surface exposure dating is a collection of geochronological techniques for estimating the length of time that a rock has been exposed at or near Earth's surface. Surface exposure dating is used to date glacial advances and retreats, erosion history, lava flows, meteorite ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Surface exposure dating-Cosmogenic radionuclide dating-The most common of these dating techniques is cosmogenic radionuclide dating. Earth is constantly bombarded with primary cosmic rays, high energy charged particles – mostly protons and alpha particles. These particles interact with atoms in atmospheric gases, produ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Surface exposure dating-Cosmogenic radionuclide dating-The excess relative to natural abundance of cosmogenic nuclides in a rock sample is usually measured by means of accelerator mass spectrometry. Cosmogenic nuclides such as these are produced by chains of spallation reactions. The production rate for a particular nu...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Surface exposure dating-Cosmogenic radionuclide dating-Chlorine-36 nuclides are also measured to date surface rocks. This isotope may be produced by cosmic ray spallation of calcium or potassium.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (non-decarboxylating)-Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (non-decarboxylating)-Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (non-decarboxylating) (EC 1.3.99.32, GDHDes, nondecarboxylating glutaryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, nondecarboxylating glutaconyl-coenzyme A-forming GDH) is an enzyme with systematic name glutaryl...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Korean numerals-The Korean language has two regularly used sets of numerals: a native Korean system and Sino-Korean system. The native Korean number system is used for general counting, like counting up to 99. It is also used to count people, hours, objects, ages, and more. Sino-Korean numbers on the ot...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Construction-For both native and Sino- Korean numerals, the teens (11 through 19) are represented by a combination of tens and the ones places. For instance, 15 would be sib-o (십오; 十五), but not usually il-sib-o in the Sino-Korean system, and yeol-daseot (열다섯) in native Korean. Twenty through ninety are ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Construction-The distinction between the two numeral systems is very important. Everything that can be counted will use one of the two systems, but seldom both. Sino-Korean words are sometimes used to mark ordinal usage: yeol beon (열 번) means "ten times" while sip beon (십번; 十番) means "number ten." When ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Construction-The Sino-Korean numerals are used to denote the minute of time. For example, sam-sib-o bun (삼십오 분; 三十五 分) means "__:35" or "thirty-five minutes." The native Korean numerals are used for the hours in the 12-hour system and for the hours 0:00 to 12:00 in the 24-hour system. The hours 13:00 to...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Construction-Some of the native numbers take a different form in front of measure words: The descriptive forms for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 20 are formed by "dropping the last letter" from the original native cardinal, so to speak. Examples: 한 번 han beon ("once") 두 개 du gae ("two things") 세 시 se si ("three o'clo...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Construction-한둘 handul ("one or two") / 한두 handu ("one or two" in front of measure words) 두셋 duset ("two or three") / 두세 duse ("two or three" in front of measure words) 서넛 seoneot ("three or four") / 서너 seoneo ("three or four" in front of measure words) 두서넛 duseoneot ("two or three or four") / 두서너 duseo...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Pronunciation-The initial consonants of measure words and numbers following the native cardinals 여덟 ("eight", only when the ㅂ is not pronounced) and 열 ("ten") become tensed consonants when possible. Thus for example: 열둘 (twelve) is pronounced like [열뚤] 여덟권 (eight (books)) is pronounced like [여덜꿘]Several...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Pronunciation-The usual liaison and consonant-tensing rules apply, so for example, 예순여섯 yesun-yeoseot (sixty-six) is pronounced like [예순녀섣] (yesun-nyeoseot) and 칠십 chil-sip (seventy) is pronounced like [칠씹] chil-ssip.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Constant suffixes used in Sino-Korean ordinal numerals-Beon (번; 番), ho (호; 號), cha (차; 次), and hoe (회; 回) are always used with Sino-Korean or Arabic ordinal numerals. For example, Yihoseon (이호선; 二號線) is Line Number Two in a metropolitan subway system. Samsipchilbeongukdo (37번국도; 37番國道) is highway number...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Substitution for disambiguation-In commerce or the financial sector, some hanja for each Sino-Korean numbers are replaced by alternative ones to prevent ambiguity or retouching. For verbally communicating number sequences such as phone numbers, ID numbers, etc., especially over the phone, native Korean...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Substitution for disambiguation-For the same reason, military transmissions are known to use mixed native Korean and Sino-Korean numerals:
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Korean numerals-Notes-Note 1: ^ Korean assimilation rules apply as if the underlying form were 십륙 |sip.ryuk|, giving sim-nyuk instead of the expected sib-yuk. Note 2: ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ These names are considered archaic, and are not used. Note 3: ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ The numbers higher than 1020 (hae) are not usually used. Note 4: ^ ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Thermoset polymer matrix-A thermoset polymer matrix is a synthetic polymer reinforcement where polymers act as binder or matrix to secure in place incorporated particulates, fibres or other reinforcements. They were first developed for structural applications, such as glass-reinforced plastic r...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Thermoset polymer matrix-They were first used after World War II, and continuing research has led to an increased range of thermoset resins, polymers or plastics, as well as engineering grade thermoplastics. They were all developed for use in the manufacture of polymer composites with enhanced ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Benzoxazine resins-These are made by the reaction of phenols, formaldehyde and primary amines which at elevated temperatures (400 °F (200 °C)) undergo ring–opening polymerisation forming polybenzoxazine thermoset networks; when hybridised with epoxy and phenolic resins the resulting ternary sys...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Bis-maleimides (BMI)-Formed by the condensation reaction of a diamine with maleic anhydride, and processed basically like epoxy resins (350 °F (177 °C) cure). After an elevated post-cure (450 °F (232 °C)), they will exhibit superior properties. These properties are influenced by a 400-450 °F (2...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Cyanate ester resins-The reaction of bisphenols or multifunctional phenol novolac resins with cyanogen bromide or chloride leads to cyanate functional monomers which can be converted in a controlled manner into cyanate ester functional prepolymer resins by chain extension or copolymerization. W...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Epoxy (epoxide) resins-Epoxy resins are thermosetting prepolymers made either by the reaction of epichlorohydrin with hydroxyl functional aromatics, cycloaliphatics and aliphatics or amine functional aromatics, or by the oxidation of unsaturated cycloaliphatics. The diglycidyl ethers of bisphen...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Epoxy (epoxide) resins-This is not only used in aircraft-aerospace demand. It is used in military and commercial applications and is also used in construction. Epoxy-reinforced concrete and glass-reinforced and carbon-reinforced epoxy structures are used in building and bridge structures.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Epoxy (epoxide) resins-Epoxy composites have the following properties: High-Strength Glass Fiber Reinforced Relative Density 1.6-2.0 Melting temperature(°C) Thermoset Processing Range(°F) C:300-330,I=280-380 Molding pressure 1-5 Shrinkage 0.001-0.008 Tensile strength (p.s.i.) 5,000-20,000 Com...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Phenolic (PF) resins-There are two types of phenolic resins - novolacs and resoles. Novolacs are made with acid catalysts and a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of less than one to give methylene linked phenolic oligomers; resoles are made with alkali catalysts and a molar ratio of formald...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Phenolic (PF) resins-General purpose molding compounds, engineering molding compounds and sheet molding compounds are the primary forms of phenolic composites. Phenolics are also used as the matrix binder with Honeycomb core. Phenolics find use in many electrical applications such as breaker bo...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Phenolic (PF) resins-Properties of phenolic composites have the following properties: High-Strength Glass Fiber Reinforced Relative Density 1.69-2.0 Water Absorption 24h(%) 0.03-1.2 Melting Temperature (◦c) Thermo set Processing Range (◦F) C:300-380 I:330-390 Molding pressure I-20 Shrinkage 0...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Polyester resins-Unsaturated polyester resins are an extremely versatile, and fairly inexpensive class of thermosetting polymer formed by the polycondensation of glycol mixtures often containing propylene glycol, with a dibasic acid and anhydrides usually maleic anhydride to provide backbone un...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Polyimides-There are two types of commercial polyimides: thermosetting cross-linkable polyimides made by the condensation of aromatic diamines with aromatic dianhydride derivatives and anhydrides with unsaturated sites that facilitate addition polymerisation between preformed imide monomers and...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Polyimides-Polyimide composites have the following properties: Good mechanical properties and retention at high temperatures Good electrical properties High wear resistance Low creep at high temperatures Good compression with glass or graphite fiber reinforcement Good chemical resistance Inhere...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Polyurethane (PUR) resins-Thermoset polyurethane prepolymers with carbamate (-NH-CO-O-) links are linear and elastomeric if formed by combining diisocyanates (OCN-R1-NCO) with long chain diols (HO-R2-OH), or crosslinked and rigid if formed from combinations of polyisocyanates and, polyols. They...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Silicone resins-Silicone resins are partly organic in nature with a backbone polymer structure made of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms rather than the familiar carbon-to-carbon backbone characteristics of organic polymers. In addition to having at least one oxygen atom bonded to each silic...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Silicone resins-Assorted other uses in the general area of composites for silicones include sealants, coating materials, and as a reusable bag material for vacuum-bag curing of composite parts.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Vinyl ester resins-Vinyl ester resins made by addition reactions between an epoxy resin with acrylic acid derivatives, when diluted/dissolved in a vinyl functional monomer such as styrene, polymerise. The resulting thermosets are notable for their high adhesion, heat resistance and corrosion re...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Miscellaneous-Amino resins are another class of thermoset prepolymers formed by copolymerisation of amines or amides with an aldehyde. Urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins, although not widely used in high performance structural composite applications, are characteristically used ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Thermoset polymer matrix-Advantages and disadvantages-Advantages Well established processing and application history Overall, better economics than thermoplastic polymers Better high temperature properties Good wetting and adhesion to reinforcement Disadvantages Resins and composite materials must be refrigerated Moist...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
7-Chloro-L-tryptophan oxidase-7-Chloro-L-tryptophan oxidase-7-Chloro-L-tryptophan oxidase (EC 1.4.3.23, RebO) is an enzyme with systematic name 7-chloro-L-tryptophan:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 7-chloro-L-tryptophan + O2 ⇌ 2-imino-3-(7-chloroindol-3-yl)propanoate + H2O2...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Random man not excluded-Random man not excluded-Random man not excluded (RMNE) is a type of measure in population genetics to estimate the probability that an individual randomly picked out of the general population would not be excluded from matching a given piece of genetic data. RMNE is frequently employed in cases ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a scientific research instrument for conducting spectrographic astronomical surveys of distant galaxies. Its main components are a focal plane containing 5,000 fiber-positioning robots, and a ban...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-Science goals-The expansion history and large-scale structure of the universe is a key prediction of cosmological models, and DESI observations will permit scientists to probe diverse aspects of cosmology, from dark energy to alternatives to General Relativity to neutrino masses to ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-Science goals-DESI will measure the expansion history of the universe using the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) imprinted in the clustering of galaxies, quasars, and the intergalactic medium. The BAO technique is a robust way to extract cosmological distance information from the ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-3D map of the universe-The baryon acoustic oscillations method requires a three-dimensional map of distant galaxies and quasars created from the angular and redshift information of a large statistical sample of cosmologically distant objects. By obtaining spectra of distant galaxies...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-Development-The DESI instrument implements a new highly multiplexed optical spectrograph on the Mayall Telescope. The new optical corrector design creates a very large, 8.0 square degree field of view on the sky, which combined with the new focal plane instrumentation weighs approxi...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-Development-The instrument fabrication was managed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and oversees operation of the experiment including a 600-person international scientific collaboration. Cost of construction was $56M from the US Department of Energy's Office of Science ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-Development-DOE approved CD-0 (Mission Need) on September 18, 2012, approved CD-1 (Alternative Selection and Cost Range) on March 19, 2015, and CD-2 (Performance Baseline) on September 17, 2015. Congressional approval for the start of DESI as a new Major Item of Equipment was provid...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys-To provide targets for the DESI survey three telescopes surveyed the northern and part of the southern sky in the g, r and z-band. Those surveys were the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS), using the Bok 2.3-m telescope, the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Surve...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-History-DESI received a go-ahead to start R&D for the project in December 2012 with the assignment of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as the managing laboratory. Dr. Michael Levi, a senior scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was appointed by the laborato...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-Data Releases-The main landing page to access the DESI data can be found here: https://data.desi.lbl.gov/doc/ All of the publicly available data including redshift catalogs, added-value catalogs, and documentation, can be accessed through this portal. Individuals with accounts at th...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument-Data Releases-Early Data Release On 13 June 2023 the DESI Early Data Release (EDR) was announced. The EDR contains spectra of nearly two million galaxies, quasars and stars. One early result of the EDR was announced in February 2023 and described a mass migration of stars into the A...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dientamoebiasis-Dientamoebiasis-Dientamoebiasis is a medical condition caused by infection with Dientamoeba fragilis, a single-cell parasite that infects the lower gastrointestinal tract of humans. It is an important cause of traveler's diarrhea, chronic abdominal pain, chronic fatigue, and failure to thrive in childre...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dientamoebiasis-Signs and symptoms-The most commonly reported symptoms in conjunction with infection with D. fragilis include abdominal pain (69%) and diarrhea (61%). Diarrhea may be intermittent and may not be present in all cases. It is often chronic, lasting over two weeks. The degree of symptoms may vary from asymp...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dientamoebiasis-Signs and symptoms-Symptoms may be more severe in children. Additional symptoms reported have included: Weight loss Fatigue Nausea and vomiting Fever Urticaria (skin rash) Pruritus (itchiness) Biliary infection
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dientamoebiasis-Cause-Genetic diversity As many individuals are asymptomatic carriers of D. fragilis, pathogenic and nonpathogenic variants are proposed to exist. A study of D. fragilis isolates from 60 individuals with symptomatic infection in Sydney, Australia, found all were infected with the same genotype, which is...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dientamoebiasis-Cause-Transmission Organisms similar to D. fragilis are known to produce a cyst stage that is able to survive outside the host and facilitate infection of new hosts. However, the exact manner in which it is transmitted is not yet known, as the organism is unable to survive outside its human host for mor...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dientamoebiasis-Diagnosis-Diagnosis is usually performed by submitting multiple stool samples for examination by a parasitologist in a procedure known as an ova and parasite examination. About 30% of children with D. fragilis infection exhibit peripheral blood eosinophilia.A minimum of three stool specimens having been...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dientamoebiasis-Diagnosis-One researcher investigated the phenomenon of symptomatic relapse following treatment of infection with D. fragilis in association with its apparent disappearance from stool samples. The organism could still be detected in patients through colonoscopy or by examining stool samples taken in con...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dientamoebiasis-Treatment-Concomitant pinworm infection should also be excluded, although the association has not been proven. Successful treatment of the infection with iodoquinol, doxycycline, metronidazole, paromomycin, and secnidazole has been reported. Resistance requires the use of combination therapy to eradicat...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dientamoebiasis-Epidemiology-Rates of infection increase in conditions of crowding and poor sanitation, and are higher in military personnel and mental institutions.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dientamoebiasis-Epidemiology-The true extent of disease has yet to emerge, as most laboratories do not use techniques to adequately identify this organism. An Australian study identified a large number of patients, considered to have irritable bowel syndrome, who were actually infected with Dientamoeba fragilis.Althoug...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dientamoebiasis-History-Early microbiologists reported that the organism was not pathogenic, though six of the seven individuals from whom they isolated it were experiencing symptoms of dysentery. Their report, published in 1918, concluded the organism was not pathogenic because it consumed bacteria in culture, but did...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bush regeneration-Bush regeneration-Bush regeneration, a form of natural area restoration, is the term used in Australia for the ecological restoration of remnant vegetation areas, such as through the minimisation of negative disturbances, both exogenous such as exotic weeds and endogenous such as erosion. It may also ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bush regeneration-History-Bradley method In the early 1960s Joan and Eileen Bradley developed a series of weed control techniques through a process of trial and error. Their work was the beginning of minimal disturbance bush regeneration in New South Wales. The Bradley method urges a naturalistic approach by encouragin...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bush regeneration-History-The aim of their work was to clear small niches adjacent to healthy native vegetation such that the each area will regenerate from in-situ soil seed banks or be re-colonised and stabilised by the regeneration of native plants, replacing an area previously occupied by weeds. The Bradley method ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bush regeneration-History-don't overclear, let the regenerative ability of the bush set the pace of clearance (Bradley 1988).The priority securing of the best quality vegetation aids in preserving areas of top biodiversity which provide regeneration potential to expand these areas and reclaim areas as bushland.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bush regeneration-History-Modern practice The adoption of minimal disturbance bush regeneration increased in the decades that followed the work of the Bradleys. Their principles have guided bushcare programs in Australia, although the inclusion of herbicide in modern bush regeneration is a notable deviation from the id...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bush regeneration-History-The rule of thumb in all cases is to constrain clearing to that area that matches the project's follow up resources.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bush regeneration-History-The increased awareness and consideration of Australia's biodiversity by citizens has incrementally increased pressure on local governments to adopt conservation programs for remnant vegetation on council land. Most peri urban councils now have some involvement in bush regeneration, either th...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bush regeneration-Purposes-The aim of bush regeneration, also known as 'natural area restoration', is to restore and maintain ecosystem health by facilitating the natural regeneration of indigenous flora, this is usually achieved by selectively reducing the competitive interaction with invasive species, or mitigation o...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Bush regeneration-Purposes-Invasive plant species are often the greatest threat to remnant vegetation, and therefore bush regeneration is closely associated with weed abatement activities. Weed management as one aim of bush regeneration, is used to increase native plant recruitment. The management of factors such as fi...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM