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Transmission electron microscopy-Sample preparation-Replication Samples may also be replicated using cellulose acetate film, the film subsequently coated with a heavy metal such as platinum, the original film dissolved away, and the replica imaged on the TEM. Variations of the replica technique are used for both materi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-The capabilities of the TEM can be further extended by additional stages and detectors, sometimes incorporated on the same microscope. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-Scanning TEM A TEM can be modified into a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) by the addition of a system that rasters a convergent beam across the sample to form the image, when combined with suitable detectors. Scanning coils are used to deflect the beam, su... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-Fundamentally, TEM and STEM are linked via Helmholtz reciprocity. A STEM is a TEM in which the electron source and observation point have been switched relative to the direction of travel of the electron beam. See the ray diagrams in the figure on the right. The STEM instr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-Low-voltage electron microscope A low-voltage electron microscope (LVEM) is operated at relatively low electron accelerating voltage between 5–25 kV. Some of these can be a combination of SEM, TEM and STEM in a single compact instrument. Low voltage increases image contras... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-Cryo-TEM Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) uses a TEM with a specimen holder capable of maintaining the specimen at liquid nitrogen or liquid helium temperatures. This allows imaging specimens prepared in vitreous ice, the preferred preparation techniqu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-Environmental/In-situ TEM In-situ experiments may also be conducted in TEM using differentially pumped sample chambers, or specialized holders. Types of in-situ experiments include studying nanomaterials, biological specimens, chemical reactions of molecules, liquid-phase ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-High Temperature In-Situ TEM Many phase transformations occur during heating. Additionally, coarsening and grain growth, along with other diffusion-related processes occur more rapidly at elevated temperatures, where kinetics are improved, allowing for the observation of r... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-High temperature TEM introduces various additional challenges which must be addressed in the mechanics of high temperature holders, including but not limited to drift-correction, temperature measurement, and decreased spatial resolution at the expense of more complex holde... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-In-Situ Mechanical TEM High resolution of TEM allows for monitoring the sample in question on a length scale ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several angstroms. This allows for the visualization of both elastic and plastic deformation via strain fields as well as the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-Classical Mechanical Holders One of the pioneers of classical holders was Dr. Heinz G.F. Wilsdorf, who conducted a tensile test inside a TEM in 1958. In a typical experiment, electron transparent TEM samples are cut to shape and glued to a deformable grid. Advances in micr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-Nano-Indentation Holders Nano-Indentation holders perform a hardness test on the material in question by pressing a hard tip into a polished flat surface and measuring the applied force and the resulting displacement on the TEM sample through a change in capacitance betwee... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMs) Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMs) based holders provide a cheap and customizable platform to conduct mechanical tests on previously difficult samples to work with such as micropillars, nanowires, and thin films. Passive MEMs ar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-Aberration corrected TEM Modern research TEMs may include aberration correctors, to reduce the amount of distortion in the image. Incident beam monochromators may also be used which reduce the energy spread of the incident electron beam to less than 0.15 eV. Major aberrati... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-Ultrafast and dynamic TEM It is possible to reach temporal resolution far beyond that of the readout rate of electron detectors with the use of pulsed electrons. Pulses can be produced by either modifying the electron source to enable laser-triggered photoemission or by in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Modifications-An interesting variant of the Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy technique is the Photon-Induced Near-field Electron Microscopy (PINEM). The latter is based on the inelastic coupling between electrons and photons in presence of a surface or a nanostructure. This me... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Limitations-There are a number of drawbacks to the TEM technique. Many materials require extensive sample preparation to produce a sample thin enough to be electron transparent, which makes TEM analysis a relatively time-consuming process with a low throughput of samples. The structure ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Limitations-Resolution limits The limit of resolution obtainable in a TEM may be described in several ways, and is typically referred to as the information limit of the microscope. One commonly used value is a cut-off value of the contrast transfer function, a function that is usually q... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Limitations-For a 200 kV microscope, with partly corrected spherical aberrations ("to the third order") and a Cs value of 1 µm, a theoretical cut-off value might be 1/qmax = 42 pm. The same microscope without a corrector would have Cs = 0.5 mm and thus a 200-pm cut-off. The spherical ab... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Transmission electron microscopy-Limitations-More recently, advances in aberration corrector design have been able to reduce spherical aberrations and to achieve resolution below 0.5 Ångströms (50 pm) at magnifications above 50 million times. Improved resolution allows for the imaging of lighter atoms that scatter elec... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Slug test-Slug test-In hydrogeology, a slug test is a particular type of aquifer test where water is quickly added or removed from a groundwater well, and the change in hydraulic head is monitored through time, to determine the near-well aquifer characteristics. It is a method used by hydrogeologists and civil engineer... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Slug test-Method-The "slug" of water can either be added to or removed from the well — the only requirement is that it be done as quickly as possible (the interpretation typically assumes instantaneously), then the water level or pressure is monitored. Depending on the properties of the aquifer and the size of the slug... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Slug test-Performance-A slug test is in contrast to standard aquifer tests, which typically involve pumping a well at a constant flowrate, and monitoring the response of the aquifer in nearby monitoring wells. Often slug tests are performed instead of a constant rate test, because: time constraints (quick results, or r... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Slug test-Interpretation-Because the flow rate into or out of the well is not constant, as is the case in a typical aquifer test, the standard Theis solution does not work. Mathematically, the Theis equation is the solution of the groundwater flow equation for a step increase in discharge rate at the pumping well; a s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Slug test-Interpretation-There are several known solutions to the slug test problem; a common engineering approximation is the Hvorslev method, which approximates the more rigorous solution to transient aquifer flow with a simple decaying exponential function.
The aquifer parameters obtained from a slug test are typica... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TMPGEnc-TMPGEnc-TMPGEnc or TSUNAMI MPEG Encoder is a video transcoder software application primarily for encoding video files to VCD and SVCD-compliant MPEG video formats and was developed by Hiroyuki Hori and Pegasys Inc. TMPGEnc can also refer to the family of software video encoders created after the success of the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TMPGEnc-TMPGEnc-The free trial version of TMPGEnc Video Mastering works has a 14-day time limit. The TMPGEnc Free Version has 30-day time limit for MPEG-2 encoding, MPEG-1 encoding is without limit, but it can be used only for non-commercial, personal or demonstration purposes. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TMPGEnc-History-The first beta versions of the TMPGEnc encoder were freely available in 2000 and 2001 and were known as Tsunami MPEG Encoder. The first "stable" version was TMPGEnc 2.00, released on 2001-11-01. In December 2001, sales of "TMPGEnc Plus" started in Japan. In January 2002, the "TMPGEnc Plus - English vers... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TMPGEnc-Technical details-TMPGEnc Plus in first releases provided advanced MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video encoding with various technical options, MPEG-1 Layer II and Layer I audio encoding, support for external audio encoders (such as toolame, l3enc, mp3enc, LAME), internal video filters (such as deinterlacing), support for ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
TMPGEnc-Technical details-TMPGEnc Video Mastering Works also provides HD MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 output support, Blu-ray Disc output support, AVCHD input support, DVD-Video and DVD-VR input support, MKV input and output support, FLV input, etc. It is the first TMPGEnc product to incorporate the x264 encoding engine for MPEG-4... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Secretagogue-Secretagogue-A secretagogue is a substance that causes another substance to be secreted. The word contains the suffix -agogue, which refers to something that leads to something else; a secretagogue thus leads to secretion. One example is gastrin, which stimulates the H/K ATPase in the parietal cells (incr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Secretagogue-Secretagogue-Insulin secretagogues, such as sulfonylureas, trigger insulin release by direct action on the KATP channel of the pancreatic beta cells. Blockage of this channel leads to depolarization and secretion of vesicles.
Angiotensin II is a secretagogue for aldosterone from the adrenal gland. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glycolipid-Glycolipid-Glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic (covalent) bond. Their role is to maintain the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate cellular recognition, which is crucial to the immune response and in the connections that allow cells to connect to one another to for... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glycolipid-Structure-The essential feature of a glycolipid is the presence of a monosaccharide or oligosaccharide bound to a lipid moiety. The most common lipids in cellular membranes are glycerolipids and sphingolipids, which have glycerol or a sphingosine backbones, respectively. Fatty acids are connected to this bac... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glycolipid-Structure-The saccharides that are attached to the polar head groups on the outside of the cell are the ligand components of glycolipids, and are likewise polar, allowing them to be soluble in the aqueous environment surrounding the cell. The lipid and the saccharide form a glycoconjugate through a glycosidi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glycolipid-Metabolism-Glycosyltransferases Enzymes called glycosyltransferases link the saccharide to the lipid molecule, and also play a role in assembling the correct oligosaccharide so that the right receptor can be activated on the cell which responds to the presence of the glycolipid on the surface of the cell. Th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glycolipid-Metabolism-Glycoside hydrolases Glycoside hydrolases catalyze the breakage of glycosidic bonds. They are used to modify the oligosaccharide structure of the glycan after it has been added onto the lipid. They can also remove glycans from glycolipids to turn them back into unmodified lipids. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glycolipid-Metabolism-Defects in metabolism Sphingolipidoses are a group of diseases that are associated with the accumulation of sphingolipids which have not been degraded correctly, normally due to a defect in a glycoside hydrolase enzyme. Sphingolipidoses are typically inherited, and their effects depend on which en... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glycolipid-Function-Cell–cell interactions The main function of glycolipids in the body is to serve as recognition sites for cell–cell interactions. The saccharide of the glycolipid will bind to a specific complementary carbohydrate or to a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein), of a neighboring cell. The interaction o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glycolipid-Function-Immune responses An example of how glycolipids function within the body is the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells during inflammation. Selectins, a class of lectins found on the surface of leukocytes and endothelial cells bind to the carbohydrates attached to glycolipids to initiat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glycolipid-Function-Blood types Blood types are an example of how glycolipids on cell membranes mediate cell interactions with the surrounding environment. The four main human blood types (A, B, AB, O) are determined by the oligosaccharide attached to a specific glycolipid on the surface of red blood cells, which acts ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glycolipid-Types of glycolipids-Glycoglycerolipids: a sub-group of glycolipids characterized by an acetylated or non-acetylated glycerol with at least one fatty acid as the lipid complex. Glyceroglycolipids are often associated with photosynthetic membranes and their functions. The subcategories of glyceroglycolipids d... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Glycolipid-Types of glycolipids-Sulfolipids: have a sulfur-containing functional group in the sugar moiety attached to a lipid. An important group is the sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols which are associated with the sulfur cycle in plants.
Glycosphingolipids: a sub-group of glycolipids based on sphingolipids. Glycosphi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Virstatin-Virstatin-Virstatin is a small molecule that inhibits the activity of the cholera protein, ToxT.Its activity in cholera was first published in 2005 in a paper that described the screening of a chemical library in a phenotypic screen and subsequent testing of one of the hits in infected mice.
The compound is a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Nonpoint source pollution-Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution refers to diffuse contamination (or pollution) of water or air that does not originate from a single discrete source. This type of pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area. It ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Nonpoint source pollution-Nonpoint source water pollution may derive from many different sources with no specific solutions or changes to rectify the problem, making it difficult to regulate. Nonpoint source water pollution is difficult to control because it comes from the everyday activities ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Nonpoint source pollution-Types of nonpoint source water pollution include sediment, nutrients, toxic contaminants and chemicals and pathogens. Principal sources of nonpoint source water pollution include: urban and suburban areas, agricultural operations, atmospheric inputs, highway runoff, f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal types (for water pollution)-Sediment Sediment (loose soil) includes silt (fine particles) and suspended solids (larger particles). Sediment may enter surface waters from eroding stream banks, and from surface runoff due to improper plant cover on urban and rural land. Sediment create... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal types (for water pollution)-Sediment can also be discharged from multiple different sources. Sources include construction sites (although these are point sources, which can be managed with erosion controls and sediment controls), agricultural fields, stream banks, and highly disturbe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal types (for water pollution)-Nutrients Nutrients mainly refers to inorganic matter from runoff, landfills, livestock operations and crop lands. The two primary nutrients of concern are phosphorus and nitrogen.Phosphorus is a nutrient that occurs in many forms that are bioavailable. It... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal types (for water pollution)-Nitrogen is the other key ingredient in fertilizers, and it generally becomes a pollutant in saltwater or brackish estuarine systems where nitrogen is a limiting nutrient. Similar to phosphorus in fresh-waters, excess amounts of bioavailable nitrogen in ma... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal types (for water pollution)-Nitrogen is most often transported by water as nitrate (NO3). The nitrogen is usually added to a watershed as organic-N or ammonia (NH3), so nitrogen stays attached to the soil until oxidation converts it into nitrate. Since the nitrate is generally alread... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal types (for water pollution)-Toxic contaminants and chemicals Compounds including heavy metals like lead, mercury, zinc, and cadmium, organics like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fire retardants, and other substances are resistant to brea... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal types (for water pollution)-Pathogens Pathogens are bacteria and viruses that can be found in water and cause diseases in humans. Typically, pathogens cause disease when they are present in public drinking water supplies. Pathogens found in contaminated runoff may include: Cryptospor... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal sources (for water pollution)-Urban and suburban areas Urban and suburban areas are a main sources of nonpoint source pollution due to the amount of runoff that is produced due to the large amount of paved surfaces. Paved surfaces, such as asphalt and concrete are impervious to water... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal sources (for water pollution)-Other significant sources of runoff include habitat modification and silviculture (forestry). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal sources (for water pollution)-Agricultural operations Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) are typically applied to farmland as commercial fertilizer, animal manure, or spraying of municipal or industrial wastewater (effluent) or sludge. Nutrients may also enter runoff from crop resid... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal sources (for water pollution)-Atmospheric inputs Atmospheric deposition is a source of inorganic and organic constituents because these constituents are transported from sources of air pollution to receptors on the ground. Typically, industrial facilities, like factories, emit air po... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal sources (for water pollution)-Forestry and mining operations Forestry and mining operations can have significant inputs to nonpoint source pollution.
Forestry Forestry operations reduce the number of trees in a given area, thus reducing the oxygen levels in that area as well. This ac... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal sources (for water pollution)-Mining Active mining operations are considered point sources, however runoff from abandoned mining operations contribute to nonpoint source pollution. In strip mining operations, the top of the mountain is removed to expose the desired ore. If this area ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Principal sources (for water pollution)-Marinas and boating activities Chemicals used for boat maintenance, like paint, solvents, and oils find their way into water through runoff. Additionally, spilling fuels or leaking fuels directly into the water from boats contribute to nonpoint source po... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Control (for water pollution)-Urban and suburban areas To control nonpoint source pollution, many different approaches can be undertaken in both urban and suburban areas. Buffer strips provide a barrier of grass in between impervious paving material like parking lots and roads, and the closest... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Control (for water pollution)-Construction sites typically implement simple measures to reduce pollution and runoff. Firstly, sediment or silt fences are erected around construction sites to reduce the amount of sediment and large material draining into the nearby water body. Secondly, laying ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Control (for water pollution)-Agricultural operations To control sediment and runoff, farmers may utilize erosion controls to reduce runoff flows and retain soil on their fields. Common techniques include contour plowing, crop mulching, crop rotation, planting perennial crops or installing rip... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Control (for water pollution)-Forestry operations With a well-planned placement of both logging trails, also called skid trails, can reduce the amount of sediment generated. By planning the trails location as far away from the logging activity as possible as well as contouring the trails with ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Control (for water pollution)-Marinas Installing shut off valves on fuel pumps at a marina dock can help reduce the amount of spillover into the water. Additionally, pump-out stations that are easily accessible to boaters in a marina can provide a clean place in which to dispose of sanitary wa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Country examples-United States Nonpoint source pollution is the leading cause of water pollution in the United States today, with polluted runoff from agriculture and hydromodification the primary sources.: 15 Regulation of Nonpoint Source Pollution in the United States The definition of a non... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nonpoint source pollution-Country examples-U.S. Clean Water Act provisions for states Congress authorized the CWA section 319 grant program in 1987. Grants are provided to states, territories, and tribes in order to encourage implementation and further development in policy. The law requires all states to operate NPS m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Identical ancestors point-Identical ancestors point-In genetic genealogy, the identical ancestors point (IAP), or all common ancestors (ACA) point, or genetic isopoint, is the most recent point in a given population's past such that each individual alive at this point either has no living descendants, or is the ancesto... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Identical ancestors point-Calculation-A set of full siblings has an IAP one generation back: their parents. Similarly, double first cousins have an IAP two generations back: the four grandparents. Considering all humans alive today and moving back in time, we eventually arrive at the MRCA to all humans. The MRCA had m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Identical ancestors point-Calculation-Going further back, all the ancestors of the MRCA are also common ancestors to all humans, just not the most recent. As we move further back in time, other common ancestors will be found on other lines, resulting in more and more of the ancient population being common ancestors. Ev... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Identical ancestors point-Of Homo sapiens-The identical ancestors point for Homo sapiens has been the subject of debate. In 2003 Rohde estimated it to be between 5000 and 15,000 years ago. In 2004, Rohde, Olson and Chang showed through simulations that, given the false assumption of random mate choice without geographi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Identical ancestors point-Of Homo sapiens-This is illustrated in the 2003 simulation as follows: considering the ancestral populations alive at 5000 BC, close to the ACA point, a modern-day Japanese person will get 88.4% of their ancestry from Japan, and most of the remainder from China or Korea, with only 0.00049% tra... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Classical ballet-Classical ballet is any of the traditional, formal styles of ballet that exclusively employ classical ballet technique. It is known for its aesthetics and rigorous technique (such as pointe work, turnout of the legs, and high extensions), its flowing, precise movements, and its etherea... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Classical ballet-There are stylistic variations related to an area or origin, which are denoted by classifications such as Russian ballet, French ballet, British ballet and Italian ballet. For example, Russian ballet features high extensions and dynamic turns, whereas Italian ballet tends to be more gr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-History-Ballet originated in the Italian Renaissance courts and was brought to France by Catherine de' Medici in the 16th century. During ballet's infancy, court ballets were performed by aristocratic amateurs rather than professional dancers. Most of ballet's early movements evolved from social court ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-History-In the 17th century, as ballet's popularity in France increased, ballet began to gradually transform into a professional art. It was no longer performed by amateurs, but instead ballet performances started to incorporate challenging acrobatic movements that could only be performed by highly ski... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-History-Famous dancers in history Anna Pavlova: 12 February 1881 – 23 January 1931 Dame Margot Fonteyn: 18 May 1919 – 21 February 1991 Rudolf Nureyev: 17 March 1938 – 6 January 1993 | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Development-Before classical ballet developed, ballet was in a period referred to as the Romantic era. Romantic ballet was known for its storytelling, and often held a softer aesthetic. Classical ballet came to be when a ballet master by the name of Marius Petipa (who is considered to be one of the gre... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Development-During the classical era, Marius Petipa was largely responsible for creating choreographic structures that are still used in ballets today. For one, Petipa was the first to use the grand pas de deux in his choreography. Additionally, he cemented the usage of the corps de ballet as a standar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Development-Famous classical ballets Don Quixote: choreographed by Marius Petipa Swan Lake: choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov The Nutcracker: choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Technique-Ballet technique is the foundational principles of body movement and form used in ballet. A distinctive feature of ballet technique is turnout; which is the outward rotation of the legs and feet emanating from the hip. This was first introduced into ballet by King Louis XIV because he loved t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Training-Students typically learn ballet terminology and the pronunciation, meaning, and precise body form and movement associated with each term. Emphasis is placed on developing flexibility and strengthening the legs, feet, and body core (the center, or abdominals) as a strong core is essential for t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Training-After learning basic ballet technique and developing sufficient strength and flexibility, female dancers begin to learn pointe technique and male and female dancers begin to learn partnering and more advanced jumps and turns. Depending on the teacher and training system, students may progress ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Training-Ballet class attire Female attire typically includes pink or flesh colored tights, a leotard, and sometimes a short wrap-skirt, or a skirted leotard. Males typically wear black or dark tights, a form-fitting white, or black, shirt or leotard worn under the tights, and a dance belt beneath the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Training-All dancers wear soft ballet shoes (sometimes called flats). Typically, female dancers wear pink or beige shoes and men wear black or white shoes. Leg warmers are sometimes worn during the early part of a class to protect leg muscles until they become warm. Females are usually required to rest... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Training-Methods There are several standardized, widespread, classical ballet training systems, each designed to produce a unique aesthetic quality from its students. Some systems are named after their creators; these are typically called methods or schools. For example, two prevailing systems from Rus... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Classical ballet-Training-American-style ballet (Balanchine) is not taught by means of a standardized, widespread training system. Similarly, French ballet has no standard training system; each of the major French-style ballet schools, such as the Paris Opera Ballet School, Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique e... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cat behaviorist-Cat behaviorist-Cat behaviorists are individuals who specialize in working in close environments with not only the cats, but their owners, and dealing with managing the behavior of the cat. A cat behaviorist can be certified or certificated after years of academic study and practical case experience. Ho... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cat behaviorist-Education-In the US, an ‘Associate Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist’ holds a degree from a college or university. Animal behavior study is essential, with focus on biological or behavioral science. The degree includes a thesis conducted with intense research. The coursework requires several credits ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cat behaviorist-Duties-It is a common goal for the cat behaviorist to sort out problem behaviors and to create a strong communication between owner and pet. A cat behaviorist will work with both the cat and owner to achieve understanding between the relationships. They also concentrate on the unique changes in behavior... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cat behaviorist-Certification-An applied animal behaviorist or clinical animal behaviourist can specialize not just with cats, but with dogs, horses, and even parrots. Often a certified behaviorist will have undergone graduate training in courses such as zoology, biology and animal behavior in certain universities. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cat behaviorist-Certification-In the US, Certified Applied Animal Behaviorists (CAABs) are behaviorists with a doctoral degree and Associate Certified Applied Behaviorists (ACAABs) are those who studied with a master's degree. There are various different organizations and associations that provide certification. The Am... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cat behaviorist-Employment-Once qualified, a cat behaviorist can find a place of work in different fields. The need for animal specialty care and service is expected to increase, so jobs are in high demand. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cat behaviorist-Employment-Specifically, many cat behaviorists have started their own line of work as independent cat trainers and behavior modifiers, including Jackson Galaxy and Sophia Yin. Jackson Galaxy has partnered up with Animal Planet and provides a show called My Cat from Hell, which identifies behavioral issu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cat behaviorist-Employment-Other cat behaviorists have developed interest in veterinary jobs, animal control, animal shelters, kennels, and other animal-related work. In the UK, feline behaviourists are also known as clinical animal behaviourists, and work in a variety of sectors. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Cat behaviorist-Salary-Since the employment opportunities for cat behaviorists differ, there is no set working salary. Those working for non-profit companies or researchers, such as zoos, typically earn less than those working for private companies. It also depends on the role of the job and where the behaviorist works... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Canvas fingerprinting-Canvas fingerprinting-Canvas fingerprinting is one of a number of browser fingerprinting techniques for tracking online users that allow websites to identify and track visitors using the HTML5 canvas element instead of browser cookies or other similar means. The technique received wide media cover... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Canvas fingerprinting-Description-Canvas fingerprinting works by exploiting the HTML5 canvas element. As described by Acar et al. in: When a user visits a page, the fingerprinting script first draws text with the font and size of its choice and adds background colors (1). Next, the script calls Canvas API’s ToDataURL m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Canvas fingerprinting-Description-Variations in which the graphics processing unit (GPU), or the graphics driver, is installed may cause the fingerprint variation. The fingerprint can be stored and shared with advertising partners to identify users when they visit affiliated websites. A profile can be created from the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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