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"Text annotation-Functions and applications-A visualization of the example is given in Fig. 2. In addition to word-level annotations, the word (and the sentence, etc.) in this format can carry metadata." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Online hate speech-Definitions-Many instances of online hate speech are posted by Internet \"trolls\", which are typically pseudonymous users who post shocking, vulgar, and overall untrue content that is explicitly intended to trigger a negative reaction, though may also be intended to influence or recruit the reader ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PDF417-Format-Which cluster can be determined by an equation::\u200a5.3.1\u200a mod 9) Where K is the cluster number and the bi refer to the width of the i-th black bar in the symbol character (in X units).\nAlternatively,:\u200a76\u201378\u200a mod 9) Where Ei is the i-th edge-to-next-same-edge distance. Odd indices ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"122 (number)-122 (number)-122 (one hundred [and] twenty-two) is the natural number following 121 and preceding 123." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile technology-Impacts on the modern family-Increasing mobile technology use has changed how the modern family interacts with one another through technology. With the rise of mobile devices, families are becoming increasingly \"on-the-move\", and spend less time in physical contact with one another. However, this t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wireless Application Protocol-History-United States Adoption of WAP in the US suffered because many cell phone providers required separate activation and additional fees for data support, and also because telecommunications companies sought to limit data access to only approved data providers operating under license o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Classification of finite simple groups-History of the proof-Groups of characteristic p type. This is the problem of groups with a strongly p-embedded 2-local subgroup with p odd, which was handled by Aschbacher.\nQuasithin groups. A quasithin group is one whose 2-local subgroups have p-rank at most 2 for all odd prime... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jackson (API)-Jackson (API)-In computing, Jackson is a high-performance JSON processor for Java. Its developers extol the combination of fast, correct, lightweight, and ergonomic attributes of the library." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Duocentric social network-Analysis-Structural Measures There are several common structural metrics derived from duocentric social networks: Degree centrality: The number of ties that an ego has with other network members. More central egos have a greater number of connections.\nCloseness centrality: An ego has higher ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Frequency-shift keying-Variations-Gaussian frequency-shift keying Rather than directly modulating the frequency with the digital data symbols, \"instantaneously\" changing the frequency at the beginning of each symbol period, Gaussian frequency-shift keying (GFSK) filters the data pulses with a Gaussian filter to make... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Game testing-History-A common misconception is that all game testers enjoy alpha or beta version of the game and report occasionally found bugs. In contrast, game testing is highly focused on finding bugs using established and often tedious methodologies before alpha version." | large_corpus_distillation |
"System/34 BASIC-Array-Writing a BASIC program is much more fun than rewriting the same program each time you use it, therefore the authors of BASIC allow programmers to SAVE their program code to a library member and to REPLACE it when changes are made.\nSAVE PROG1,PGMRLIB causes the current module to be saved as a su... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Most common words in Spanish-Mark Davies-In 2006, Mark Davies, an associate professor of linguistics at Brigham Young University, published his estimate of the 5000 most common words in Modern Spanish. To make this list, he compiled samples only from 20th-century sources\u2014especially from the years 1970 to 2000. Mo... | large_corpus_distillation |
will be appended to the end of the class in the order they are declared." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polynomial code-Encoding-Since r(x) is of degree less than m , the leftmost n\u2212m symbols of p(x) agree with the corresponding symbols of xmd(x) . In other words, the first n\u2212m symbols of the code word are the same as the original data word. The remaining m symbols are called checksum digits or check bi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transitive verb-Other languages-In some languages, morphological features separate verbs based on their transitivity, which suggests this is a salient linguistic feature. For example, in Japanese: However, the definition of transitive verbs as those with one object is not universal, and is not used in grammars of many... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Centrality-Dissimilarity-based centrality measures-Is noteworthy that W is non-negative because A and D are non-negative matrices, so we can use the Perron\u2013Frobenius theorem to ensure that the above problem has a unique solution for \u03bb\u2009=\u2009\u03bbmax with c non-negative, allowing us to infer the cen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Crash (computing)-Operating system crashes-An operating system crash commonly occurs when a hardware exception occurs that cannot be handled. Operating system crashes can also occur when internal sanity-checking logic within the operating system detects that the operating system has lost its internal self-consistency.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Monoid-Properties-Invertible elements An element x is called invertible if there exists an element y such that x \u2022 y = e and y \u2022 x = e. The element y is called the inverse of x. Inverses, if they exist, are unique: If y and z are inverses of x, then by associativity y = ey = (zx)y = z(xy) = ze = z.If x is in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Loneliness-Relief-Technology Technology companies have been advertising their products as helpful for reducing loneliness at least as far back as 1905; records exist of early telephones being presented as a way for isolated farmers to reduce loneliness. Technological solutions for loneliness have been suggested much m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ascii85-Limitations-The original specification only allows a stream that is a multiple of 4 bytes to be encoded.\nEncoded data may contain characters that have special meaning in many programming languages and in some text-based protocols, such as left-angle-bracket <, backslash \\, and the single and double quotes ' ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"RuleML Symposium-International Rule Challenge-The International Rule Challenge has been held since 2007 at the RuleML Symposium. It calls for submissions of benchmarks/evaluations, demos, case studies / use cases, experience reports, best practice solutions (e.g. design patterns, reference architectures, models), rule... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Web Ontology Language-Semantics-Relation to RDFS OWL Full is intended to be compatible with RDF Schema (RDFS), and to be capable of augmenting the meanings of existing Resource Description Framework (RDF) vocabulary. A model theory describes the formal semantics for RDF. This interpretation provides the meaning of RDF... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rewriting-Example cases-Linguistics In linguistics, phrase structure rules, also called rewrite rules, are used in some systems of generative grammar, as a means of generating the grammatically correct sentences of a language. Such a rule typically takes the form A\u2192X , where A is a syntactic category label, such... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Memory disambiguation-Background-Write-After-Write (WAW) dependencies: Also known as output dependencies, WAW dependencies arise when two store operations write values to the same memory address.The three dependencies are shown in the preceding code segment (reproduced for clarity): 1: div $27, $20 2: sw $27, 0($30) 3... | large_corpus_distillation |
in a mathematical framework, which allows examining a set of documents and discovering, based on the statistics of the words in each, what the topics might be and what each document's balance of topics is." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multicollinearity-Remedies-Avoid the dummy variable trap; including a dummy variable for every category (e.g., summer, autumn, winter, and spring) and including a constant term in the regression together guarantee perfect multicollinearity.\nUse independent subsets of data for estimation, and then apply those estimate... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ProbeVue-Description-ProbeVue provides a series of probe point specifications that are potential events that can be probed. A script written in the Vue language allows the user to define a probe that is a block of code called an action block that will run when those events occur on the system. The execution of the act... | large_corpus_distillation |
Schwartz function space S1 ). The product of a temperate distribution by the imbedding x lives always in the space S1\u2032 , which contains L2 . In this case the position operator reveals continuous (with respect to the canonical topology of S1\u2032 ), surjective, endowed with complete families of eigenvectors, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
the mean converges to the same estimator yielded by kernel regression with the NTK as kernel and zero ridge regularization, and the covariance is expressible in terms of the NTK and the initial GP covariance. It can be shown that the ensemble variance vanishes at the training points (in other words, the neural network ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Natural filtration-Natural filtration-More formally, let (\u03a9, F, P) be a probability space; let (I, \u2264) be a totally ordered index set; let (S, \u03a3) be a measurable space; let X : I \u00d7 \u03a9 \u2192 S be a stochastic process. Then the natural filtration of F with respect to X is defined to be the filtra... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Perceiver-Design-Perceiver IO Perceiver IO can flexibly query the model's latent space to produce outputs of arbitrary size and semantics. It achieves results on tasks with structured output spaces, such as natural language and visual understanding, StarCraft II, and multi-tasking. Perceiver IO matches a Transformer-b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Salt water chlorination-Benefits and disadvantages-Sodium bromide can be used instead of sodium chloride, which produces a bromine pool. The benefits and downsides are the same as those of a salt system. It is not necessary to use a chloride-based acid to balance the pH. Also, bromine is only effective as a sanitizer,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational irreducibility-Implications-There is no easy theory for any behavior that seems complex.\nComplex behavior features can be captured with models that have simple underlying structures.\nAn overall system's behavior based on simple structures can still exhibit behavior indescribable by reasonably \"simple\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Affine space-Affine span and bases-Recall that the dimension of an affine space is the dimension of its associated vector space. The bases of an affine space of finite dimension n are the independent subsets of n + 1 elements, or, equivalently, the generating subsets of n + 1 elements. Equivalently, {x0, ..., xn} is a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Singular value decomposition-Norms-The last of the Ky Fan norms, the sum of all singular values, is the trace norm (also known as the 'nuclear norm'), defined by ||M|| = Tr[(M* M)1/2] (the eigenvalues of M* M are the squares of the singular values).\nHilbert\u2013Schmidt norm The singular values are related to another... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid partitioning-Related problems-A matroid sum \u2211iMi (where each Mi is a matroid) is itself a matroid, having as its elements the union of the elements of the summands. A set is independent in the sum if it can be partitioned into sets that are independent within each summand. The matroid partitioning algor... | large_corpus_distillation |
If the transmitter receives a NAK message, or no acknowledgement (NAK or ACK) is received until a timeout period expires, the transmitter must retransmit all TLPs that lack a positive acknowledgement (ACK). Barring a persistent malfunction of the device or transmission medium, the link-layer presents a reliable connect... | large_corpus_distillation |
"File verification-Authenticity verification-It is often desirable to verify that a file hasn't been modified in transmission or storage by untrusted parties, for example, to include malicious code such as viruses or backdoors. To verify the authenticity, a classical hash function is not enough as they are not designed... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Article-level metrics-Adoption-Traditionally, bibliometrics have been used to evaluate the usage and impact of research, but have usually been focused on journal-level metrics such as the impact factor or researcher-level metrics such as the h-index. Article-level metrics, on the other hand, may demonstrate the impact... | large_corpus_distillation |
drastically with the release of macOS Big Sur in 2020 which Apple calls the \"biggest design upgrade since the introduction of Mac OS X.\" " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proper name (philosophy)-Theories-Descriptive theory The descriptive theory of proper names is the view that the meaning of a given use of a proper name is a set of properties that can be expressed as a description that picks out an object that satisfies the description. Bertrand Russell espoused such a view arguing ... | large_corpus_distillation |
Internet service Randnet, but it was a commercial failure and was released only in Japan." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nuclear meltdown-Nuclear meltdown-A nuclear meltdown (core meltdown, core melt accident, meltdown or partial core melt) is a severe nuclear reactor accident that results in core damage from overheating. The term nuclear meltdown is not officially defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency or by the United State... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Strategy (game theory)-Mixed strategy-Outcome equivalence Outcome equivalence combines the mixed and behavioral strategy of Player i in relation to the pure strategy of Player i\u2019s opponent. Outcome equivalence is defined as the situation in which, for any mixed and behavioral strategy that Player i takes, in resp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Meltdown (security vulnerability)-History-On 28 January 2018, Intel was reported to have shared news of the Meltdown and Spectre security vulnerabilities with Chinese technology companies before notifying the U.S. government of the flaws.The security vulnerability was called Meltdown because \"the vulnerability basica... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary of mathematical symbols-Set theory-Denotes the empty set, and is more often written \u2205 . Using set-builder notation, it may also be denoted {} 1. Number of elements: #S may denote the cardinality of the set S. An alternative notation is |S| ; see |\u25fb| 2. Primorial: n# denotes the product of the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Message authentication code-Standards-Various standards exist that define MAC algorithms. These include: FIPS PUB 113 Computer Data Authentication, withdrawn in 2002, defines an algorithm based on DES." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Atkinson\u2013Shiffrin memory model-Search of associative memory (SAM)-Retrieval from long-term store It is best to show how items are recalled from the long-term store using an example. Assume a participant has just studied a list of word pairs and is now being tested on his memory of those pairs. If the prior list c... | large_corpus_distillation |
similarly no longer encrypt the digital versions of their base channels." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Horsengoggle-Fairness-To show why the claim is true, we must transfer our dice problem into a more general distribution of n m-sided dice being rolled. This can be done by constructing a more generalized version of Pascal's triangle that remains 2-dimensional, unlike Pascal's simplex, whose rows are the multinomial co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cauchy distribution-Cauchy distribution-In mathematics, it is closely related to the Poisson kernel, which is the fundamental solution for the Laplace equation in the upper half-plane.\nIt is one of the few distributions that is stable and has a probability density function that can be expressed analytically, the othe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sentence diagram-Constituency and dependency-Constituency is a one-to-one-or-more relation; every word in the sentence corresponds to one or more nodes in the tree diagram. Dependency, in contrast, is a one-to-one relation; every word in the sentence corresponds to exactly one node in the tree diagram. Both parse tree... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Forensic DNA analysis-Profile rarity-When a DNA profile is used in an evidentiary manner a match statistic is provided that explains how rare a profile is within a population. Specifically, this statistic is the probability that a person picked randomly out of a population would have that specific DNA profile. It is n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unix shell-Early shells-But the most widely distributed and influential of the early Unix shells were the Bourne shell and the C shell. Both shells have been used as the coding base and model for many derivative and work-alike shells with extended feature sets." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hopcroft\u2013Karp algorithm-Non-bipartite graphs-The same idea of finding a maximal set of shortest augmenting paths works also for finding maximum cardinality matchings in non-bipartite graphs, and for the same reasons the algorithms based on this idea take O(|V|) phases. However, for non-bipartite graphs, the task... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LSH (hash function)-Implementations-LSH is free for any use public or private, commercial or non-commercial.\nThe source code for distribution of LSH implemented in C, Java, and Python can be downloaded from KISA's cryptography use activation webpage." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ambivalence-Types of attitudinal ambivalence-Kaplan initially defined ambivalence as total affect (the sum of positive and negative reactions) minus polarity (the absolute difference of positive and negative reactions). For example, if objective ambivalence towards exercising was assessed using two separate 6-point sc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"F4 (classification)-Getting classified-Classification is often sport specific, and has two parts: a medical classification process and a functional classification process.Medical classification for wheelchair sport can consist of medical records being sent to medical classifiers at the international sports federation.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Randomness extractor-Examples-More generally, it applies to any exchangeable sequence\u2014it only relies on the fact that for any pair, 01 and 10 are equally likely: for independent trials, these have probabilities p\u22c5(1\u2212p)=(1\u2212p)\u22c5p , while for an exchangeable sequence the probability may be more c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modular multiplicative inverse-Computation-This method is generally slower than the extended Euclidean algorithm, but is sometimes used when an implementation for modular exponentiation is already available. Some disadvantages of this method include: The value \u03d5(m) must be known and the most efficient known comp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximum satisfiability problem-Special cases-MAX-SAT is one of the optimization extensions of the boolean satisfiability problem, which is the problem of determining whether the variables of a given Boolean formula can be assigned in such a way as to make the formula evaluate to TRUE. If the clauses are restricted to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Component analysis (statistics)-Component analysis (statistics)-Component analysis is the analysis of two or more independent variables which comprise a treatment modality. It is also known as a dismantling study.The chief purpose of the component analysis is to identify the component which is efficacious in changing ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel methods for vector output-Example kernels-For a slightly more general form, adding several of these kernels yields sum of separable kernels (SoS kernels).\nFrom regularization literature Derived from regularizer One way of obtaining kT is to specify a regularizer which limits the complexity of f in a desirabl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transferable belief model-Formal definition-Credal level According to the DST, a probability mass function m is defined such that: m:2X\u2192[0,1] with \u2211A\u22082Xm(A)=1 where the power set 2X contains all possible subsets of the frame of discernment X . In contrast to the DST the mass m allocated to the empty... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Usenet personality-Unusual personalities-The Internet Oracle (a.k.a. The Usenet Oracle) \u2013 collective effort at humor in a question-and-answer format, wherein a user sends a question to the Oracle via e-mail or the Internet Oracle website, which is then randomly sent to another user who has asked a previous questi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data consistency-Point-in-time consistency-Specifically, operating systems and file systems are designed with the expectation that the computer system they are running on could lose power, crash, fail, or otherwise cease operating at any time. When properly designed, they ensure that data will not be unrecoverably cor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer relation algorithm-Applications-Integer relation algorithms have numerous applications. The first application is to determine whether a given real number x is likely to be algebraic, by searching for an integer relation between a set of powers of x {1, x, x2, ..., xn}. The second application is to search for a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Backpropagation-Derivation-The gradient descent method involves calculating the derivative of the loss function with respect to the weights of the network. This is normally done using backpropagation. Assuming one output neuron, the squared error function is E=L(t,y) where L is the loss for the output y and target va... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Do Not Track-History-Internet Explorer 10 default setting controversy When using the \"Express\" settings upon installation, a Do Not Track option is enabled by default for Internet Explorer 10 and Windows 8. Microsoft faced criticism for its decision to enable Do Not Track by default from advertising companies, who s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ahnentafel-Calculation of the generation number-The generation number can be calculated as the logarithm to base 2 of the ahnentafel number, and rounding down to a full integer by truncating decimal digits.\nFor example, the number 38 is between 25=32 and 26=64, so log2(38) is between 5 and 6. This means that ancestor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Compiler-compiler-Schorre metalanguages-That is, if the parse tree looks like (ADD[<something1>,<something2>]), expr_gen(x) would be called with <something1> and return x. A variable in the unparse rule is a local variable that can be used in the production_code_generator. expr_gen(y) is called with <something2> and r... | large_corpus_distillation |
periodicity. There is another form of this periodicity where xy is replaced by the polynomial x2+y2 . These periodicity theorems are the main computational techniques because it allows for a reduction in the analysis of the singularity categories." | large_corpus_distillation |
Example 3.3.1\nAdalberto has $2.25 in dimes and nickels in his pocket. He has nine more nickels than dimes. How many of each type of coin\ndoes he have?\nSolution\nStep 1. Read the problem. Make sure all the words and ideas are understood.\nDetermine the types of coins involved.\nThink about the strategy we used to fin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Agile software development-Philosophy-Predictive methods, in contrast, focus on analysing and planning the future in detail and cater for known risks. In the extremes, a predictive team can report exactly what features and tasks are planned for the entire length of the development process. Predictive methods rely on e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Handshaking lemma-In special classes of graphs-Regular graphs The degree sum formula implies that every r -regular graph with n vertices has nr/2 edges. Because the number of edges must be an integer, it follows that when r is odd the number of vertices must be even. Additionally, for odd values of r , the number... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Homomorphic encryption-Description-Homomorphic encryption includes multiple types of encryption schemes that can perform different classes of computations over encrypted data. The computations are represented as either Boolean or arithmetic circuits. Some common types of homomorphic encryption are partially homomorphi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Value cache encoding-Type of Value Cache-After describing the protocol, we will now see two approaches for maintaining cache : Both caches can be initialized using fixed set of values depending on frequency of appearance of values in previous run." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Longest-processing-time-first scheduling-Implementations-Python: there is an implementation of LPT (\"greedy\") in the numberpartitioning package, as well as in the prtpy package." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Raven paradox-Proposed resolutions-Standard Bayesian solution One of the most popular proposed resolutions is to accept the conclusion that the observation of a green apple provides evidence that all ravens are black but to argue that the amount of confirmation provided is very small, due to the large discrepancy betw... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shannon\u2013Fano coding-Fano's code: binary splitting-Expected word length It is shown by Kraj\u010di et al that the expected length of Fano's method has expected length bounded above by min , where min min ipi is the probability of the least common symbol." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernelization-Definition-Flum\u2013Grohe notation In the notation of Flum & Grohe (2006, p. 4), a parameterized problem consists of a decision problem L\u2286\u03a3\u2217 and a function \u03ba:\u03a3\u2217\u2192N , the parameterization. The parameter of an instance x is the number \u03ba(x) A kernelization for a p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LL grammar-Formal definition-Finite case Given a natural number k\u22650 a context-free grammar G=(V,\u03a3,R,S) is an LL(k) grammar if for each terminal symbol string w\u2208\u03a3\u2217 of length up to k symbols, for each nonterminal symbol A\u2208V , and for each terminal symbol string w1\u2208\u03a3\u2217 ,t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distinctive feature-List-This section lists and describes distinctive features in linguistics.\nMajor class Major class features: The features that represent the major classes of sounds.\n[+/\u2212 syllabic] Syllabic segments may function as the nucleus of a syllable, while their counterparts, the [\u2212syll] segment... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Variable-length code-Classes of variable-length codes-Uniquely decodable codes A code is uniquely decodable if its extension is \u00a7 non-singular. Whether a given code is uniquely decodable can be decided with the Sardinas\u2013Patterson algorithm. The mapping 01 011 } is uniquely decodable (this can be demonstrat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"HOCON-Uses-Some relational databases, such as PostgreSQL and MySQL, have added support for native JSON data types. This allows developers to store JSON data directly in a relational database without having to convert it to another data format." | large_corpus_distillation |
situations might include combining raisins and nuts to\nmake a trail mix or using two types of coffee beans to make a blend.\n\uf00c Example 5.5.7\nTranslate to a system of equations and solve:\nCarson wants to make 20 pounds of trail mix using nuts and chocolate chips. His budget requires that the trail mix costs him\... | large_corpus_distillation |
cryptanalysis of the Enigma by exploiting an insecure protocol for indicating the message settings). More advanced ciphertext-only attacks on the Enigma were mounted in Bletchley Park during World War II, by intelligently guessing plaintexts corresponding to intercepted ciphertexts." | large_corpus_distillation |
knowledge reply emphasizes that any program that passed a Turing test would have to be \"an extraordinarily supple, sophisticated, and multilayered system, brimming with 'world knowledge' and meta-knowledge and meta-meta-knowledge\", as Daniel Dennett explains." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conjunctive query-Formal properties-Conjunctive queries are one of the great success stories of database theory in that many interesting problems that are computationally hard or undecidable for larger classes of queries are feasible for conjunctive queries. For example, consider the query containment problem. We writ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Googol-Properties-Using modular arithmetic, the series of residues (mod n) of one googol, starting with mod 1, is as follows: 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 1, 0, 1, 4, 3, 4, 10, 0, 4, 10, 9, 0, 4, 12, 13, 16, 0, 16, 10, 4, 16, 10, 5, 0, 1, 4, 25, 28, 10, 28, 16, 0, 1, 4, 31, 12, 10, 36, 27, 16, 11, 0, ... (sequence A066298 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polymorphism (computer science)-Implementation aspects-Static and dynamic polymorphism Polymorphism can be distinguished by when the implementation is selected: statically (at compile time) or dynamically (at run time, typically via a virtual function). This is known respectively as static dispatch and dynamic dispatc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vapnik\u2013Chervonenkis dimension-VC dimension of a neural network-Each intermediate node outputs a certain increasing function of its input, such as the sign function or the sigmoid function. This function is called the activation function.The VC dimension of a neural network is bounded as follows::\u200a234\u201323... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Region Based Convolutional Neural Networks-History-June 2015: Faster R-CNN. While Fast R-CNN used Selective Search to generate ROIs, Faster R-CNN integrates the ROI generation into the neural network itself.\nMarch 2017: Mask R-CNN. While previous versions of R-CNN focused on object detection, Mask R-CNN adds instance... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Berlekamp\u2013Rabin algorithm-History-The method was proposed by Elwyn Berlekamp in his 1970 work on polynomial factorization over finite fields. His original work lacked a formal correctness proof and was later refined and modified for arbitrary finite fields by Michael Rabin. In 1986 Ren\u00e9 Peralta proposed a si... | large_corpus_distillation |
Data from 2,871\ncrashes were used to measure the association of a person\u2019s blood alcohol level (BAC) with the risk of being in an\naccident.Table 1shows results from the study9. Therelative riskis a measure of how many times more likely a person is\nto crash. So, for example, a person with a BAC of 0.09 is 3.54 t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Universal code (data compression)-Universal and non-universal codes-These are some universal codes for integers; an asterisk (*) indicates a code that can be trivially restated in lexicographical order, while a double dagger (\u2021) indicates a code that is asymptotically optimal: Elias gamma coding * Elias delta cod... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Risk measure-Set-valued-In a situation with Rd -valued portfolios such that risk can be measured in m\u2264d of the assets, then a set of portfolios is the proper way to depict risk. Set-valued risk measures are useful for markets with transaction costs.\nMathematically A set-valued risk measure is a function R:Ldp... | large_corpus_distillation |
square root of 2, that is, the unique positive real number whose square is 2. Both these numbers have been approximated (by computer) to trillions ( 1 trillion = 1012 = 1,000,000,000,000 ) of digits." | large_corpus_distillation |
"TreeFam-TreeFam-The basic elements of TreeFam are gene families that can be divided into two parts: TreeFam-A and TreeFam-B families. TreeFam-B families are automatically created. They might contain errors given complex phylogenies. TreeFam-A families are manually curated from TreeFam-B ones. Family names and node nam... | large_corpus_distillation |
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