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"Reaching definition-As analysis-The data-flow equations used for a given basic block S in reaching definitions are: REACHin[S]=\u22c3p\u2208pred[S]REACHout[p] REACHout[S]=GEN[S]\u222a(REACHin[S]\u2212KILL[S]) In other words, the set of reaching definitions going into S are all of the reaching definitions from S 's ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Omega-regular language-Formal definition-An \u03c9-language L is \u03c9-regular if it has the form A\u03c9 where A is a regular language not containing the empty string AB, the concatenation of a regular language A and an \u03c9-regular language B (Note that BA is not well-defined) A \u222a B where A and B are \u03c9-... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Log sum inequality-Proof-Notice that after setting log \u2061x we have log log \u2061ab, where the inequality follows from Jensen's inequality since bib\u22650 , \u2211i=1nbib=1 , and f is convex." | large_corpus_distillation |
protocols with the remote server. The different communication protocols are usually GSM, GPRS, RTC, WiFi, uSD, and RS-232." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Complement (linguistics)-Broadly construed-Construed in the broadest sense, any time a given expression is somehow necessary in order to render another expression \"complete\", it can be characterized as a complement of that expression: with the class \u2013 The noun phrase the class is the complement of the prepositi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Facsimile-Facsimile-A facsimile (from Latin fac simile, \"to make alike\") is a copy or reproduction of an old book, manuscript, map, art print, or other item of historical value that is as true to the original source as possible. It differs from other forms of reproduction by attempting to replicate the source as acc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Phantom OS-Basics-Managed code \u2013 Memory protection on object level, rather than process level; absence of pointer arithmetic in managed code avoids many problems that exist and occur in unmanaged code.\nGlobal address space \u2013 Very effective and inexpensive inter-process communication (IPC). Single (flat) add... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Normalization (statistics)-Examples-There are different types of normalizations in statistics \u2013 nondimensional ratios of errors, residuals, means and standard deviations, which are hence scale invariant \u2013 some of which may be summarized as follows. Note that in terms of levels of measurement, these ratios on... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pseudoconversational transaction-Conserving resources-This method of programming frees up pooled resources (such as memory) for an indeterminate time. This delay is the end-user 'thinking time' (or response time) and depends on human factors including speed of typing.\nFor systems supporting many thousands of users on... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Enigma (DVB)-Features-Decryption card interfaces Enigma 2 boxes are equipped with interfaces for popular conditional access cards like Common Interface slot and/or smart card reader to allow reception of encrypted content which may be stored or streamed after decryption." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Symmetric multiprocessing-Performance-Access to RAM is serialized; this and cache coherency issues causes performance to lag slightly behind the number of additional processors in the system." | large_corpus_distillation |
type of calculations used in adjusting general average gave rise to the use of \"average\" to mean \"arithmetic mean\"." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximum score estimator-Maximum score estimator-To make the estimator more robust to the distributional assumption, Manski (1975) proposed a non-parametric model to estimate the parameters. In this model, denote the number of the elements of the choice set as J, the total number of the agents as N, and W(J\u22121)>W(... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Non-uniform memory access-Hardware support-As of 2011, ccNUMA systems are multiprocessor systems based on the AMD Opteron processor, which can be implemented without external logic, and the Intel Itanium processor, which requires the chipset to support NUMA. Examples of ccNUMA-enabled chipsets are the SGI Shub (Super ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Danskin's theorem-Danskin's theorem-In convex analysis, Danskin's theorem is a theorem which provides information about the derivatives of a function of the form The theorem has applications in optimization, where it sometimes is used to solve minimax problems. The original theorem given by J. M. Danskin in his 1967 m... | large_corpus_distillation |
and a requirement for participation in many book listing databases. While it is now considered best practice for publishers, manufacturers, suppliers, wholesalers, and retailers, and has gained ground in some libraries, its use is not yet universal." | large_corpus_distillation |
Length as an Effective Ockham's Razor in Decision Tree Induction\"." | large_corpus_distillation |
of the data was accommodated statistically by directing the analysis through computation of \"independent contrasts\" between nodes of the tree related by non-overlapping branches." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Canonical schema pattern-Considerations-On some occasions, either because of the sheer size of the organization or because of the resistance from different segments of the enterprise, the Canonical Schema design pattern may need to be applied within a particular domain inventory, created by the application of the Doma... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Observer pattern-Coupling and typical publish-subscribe implementations-Typically, the observer pattern is implemented so that the subject being observed is part of the object for which state changes are being observed (and communicated to the observers). This type of implementation is considered tightly coupled, forc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Test oracle-Categories-A research literature survey covering 1978 to 2012 found several potential categories of test oracles." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Checklist-Design-Errors Long or confusing items, an inconvenient order, or any other characteristic that causes the users to perceive it as an obstacle will increase the chances that when constrained for time, the operators will revert to alternative methods, omit items or disregard the checklist entirely.Error condit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Serial Attached SCSI-Characteristics-Connectors SAS connectors are much smaller than traditional parallel SCSI connectors. Commonly, SAS provides for point data transfer speeds up to 12 Gbit/s.The physical SAS connector comes in several different variants: " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel embedding of distributions-Definitions-Let X denote a random variable with domain \u03a9 and distribution P.\nGiven a kernel k on \u03a9\u00d7\u03a9, the Moore\u2013Aronszajn theorem asserts the existence of a RKHS H (a Hilbert space of functions f:\u03a9\u2192R equipped with an inner product \u27e8\u22... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Direct product-Group direct product-In group theory one can define the direct product of two groups (G,\u2218) and (H,\u22c5), denoted by G\u00d7H.\nFor abelian groups which are written additively, it may also be called the direct sum of two groups, denoted by G\u2295H.\nIt is defined as follows: the set of the el... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Secure instant messaging-Traits of a secure instant messenger-In November 2014, the Electronic Frontier Foundation listed seven traits that contribute to the security of instant messengers: Having communications encrypted in transit between all the links in the communication path.\nHaving communications encrypted with... | large_corpus_distillation |
"XML editor-XML editor-An XML editor is a markup language editor with added functionality to facilitate the editing of XML. This can be done using a plain text editor, with all the code visible, but XML editors have added facilities like tag completion and menus and buttons for tasks that are common in XML editing, bas... | large_corpus_distillation |
"JSON Patch-JSON Patch-JSON Patch is a web standard format for describing changes in a JSON document. It is meant to be used together with HTTP Patch which allows for the modification of existing HTTP resources. The JSON Patch media type is application/json-patch+json." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Segment descriptor-Structure-C=Conforming Code in this segment may be called from less-privileged levels.\nE=Expand-Down If clear, the segment expands from base address up to base+limit. If set, it expands from maximum offset down to limit, a behavior usually used for stacks.\nR=Readable If clear, the segment may be e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mi Lu-Mi Lu-Mi Lu is an engineer and professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. She is noted for her contributions in computer arithmetic, parallel algorithms, computer architectures, and computer networks. She has been with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in Texas A&M University since 198... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Presheaf with transfers-Motivic complexes-General case: Z(n) In general, over a perfect field k , there is a nice description of Z(n) in terms of presheaves with transfer Ztr(Pn) . There is a quasi-ismorphism C\u2217(Ztr(Pn)/Ztr(Pn\u22121))\u2243C\u2217Ztr(Gm\u2227q)[n] hence Z(n)\u2243C\u2217(Ztr(Pn)/Ztr(Pn\u22121... | large_corpus_distillation |
negative balances, indicated either by a minus sign or by enclosing the balance in parentheses. Examples include bank account overdrafts and business losses (negative earnings).\nRefunds to a credit card or debit card are a negative charge to the card.\nThe annual percentage growth in a country's GDP might be negative,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Type variable-Type variable-Programming languages that support parametric polymorphism make use of universally quantified type variables. Languages that support existential types make use of existentially quantified type variables. For example, the following OCaml code defines a polymorphic identity function that has ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rate of convergence-Convergence speed for iterative methods-R-convergence definition The Q-convergence definitions have a shortcoming in that they do not include some sequences, such as the sequence (bk) below, which converge reasonably fast, but whose rate is variable. Therefore, the definition of rate of convergenc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"One- and two-tailed tests-Specific tests-The statistical tables for t and for Z provide critical values for both one- and two-tailed tests. That is, they provide the critical values that cut off an entire region at one or the other end of the sampling distribution as well as the critical values that cut off the region... | large_corpus_distillation |
"X86 calling conventions-Callee clean-up-Variadic functions fall back to the Watcom stack based calling convention.\nThe Watcom C/C++ compiler also uses the #pragma aux directive that allows the user to specify their own calling convention. As its manual states, \"Very few users are likely to need this method, but if i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inverse iteration-Implementation options-Choice of the normalization constant Ck On general purpose processors (e.g. produced by Intel) the execution time of addition, multiplication and division is approximately equal. But on embedded and/or low energy consuming hardware (digital signal processors, FPGA, ASIC) divisi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cancellation property-Non-cancellative algebraic structures-Although the cancellation law holds for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of real and complex numbers (with the single exception of multiplication by zero and division of zero by another number), there are a number of algebraic structures whe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Book collecting-History of book collecting-By the late 17th century, millions of printed books were in circulation and auctions devoted to books began to occur and printed catalogues devoted to books began to be issued by book dealers and by auction houses in Europe and America, leading to a growing popularity of book... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mertens' theorems-Second theorem-Mertens' second theorem is lim log log \u2061n\u2212M)=0, where M is the Meissel\u2013Mertens constant (A077761). More precisely, Mertens proves that the expression under the limit does not in absolute value exceed log log \u2061n for any n\u22652 Proof The main step in the proof of M... | large_corpus_distillation |
obtained an acceptable relationship between the VVIQ and criterion test performance with the strongest relationship with self-report tasks." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptanalysis of the Enigma-Polish breakthroughs-The problem was compiling the large card catalog." | large_corpus_distillation |
"History of cryptography-Medieval cryptography-David Kahn notes in The Codebreakers that modern cryptology originated among the Arabs, the first people to systematically document cryptanalytic methods. Al-Khalil (717\u2013786) wrote the Book of Cryptographic Messages, which contains the first use of permutations and co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Limited-memory BFGS-Variants-O-LBFGS Schraudolph et al. present an online approximation to both BFGS and L-BFGS. Similar to stochastic gradient descent, this can be used to reduce the computational complexity by evaluating the error function and gradient on a randomly drawn subset of the overall dataset in each iterat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Language-based security-Motivation-The use of large software systems, such as SCADA, is taking place all around the world and computer systems constitute the core of many infrastructures. The society relies greatly on infrastructure such as water, energy, communication and transportation, which again all rely on fully... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Strategy map-Strategy map-A strategy map is a diagram that documents the strategic goals being pursued by an organization or management team. It is an element of the documentation associated with the Balanced Scorecard, and in particular is characteristic of the second generation of Balanced Scorecard designs that fir... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hopcroft\u2013Karp algorithm-Algorithm-The algorithm finds a maximal set of vertex disjoint augmenting paths of length k . (Maximal means that no more such paths can be added. This is different from finding the maximum number of such paths, which would be harder to do. Fortunately, it is sufficient here to find a max... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Load balancing (computing)-Use cases-It is also important that the load balancer itself does not become a single point of failure. Usually, load balancers are implemented in high-availability pairs which may also replicate session persistence data if required by the specific application. Certain applications are progr... | large_corpus_distillation |
is the cost of Exec Shield's low overhead. Exec Shield checks for two ELF header markings, which dictate whether the stack or heap needs to be executable. These are called PT_GNU_STACK and PT_GNU_HEAP respectively. Exec Shield allows these controls to be set for both binary executables and for libraries; if an executab... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Web query classification-Difficulties-Selectional preference based method tries to exploit some association rules between the query terms to help with the query classification. Given the training data, they exploit several classification approaches including exact-match using labeled data, N-Gram match using labeled d... | large_corpus_distillation |
the lower memory.\nBased on the Offset, a byte is selected and returned to the processor.\nAdvantages Fully associative cache structure provides us the flexibility of placing memory block in any of the cache lines and hence full utilization of the cache.\nThe placement policy provides better cache hit rate.\nIt offers ... | large_corpus_distillation |
definition of sst and r, we see that r2(x,y)sst(y)=s2(x,y)/s2(x). But from the regression equation,\ns2(x,y)\n[y^ \u2212m(y)]2= [x \u2212m(x)]2 (6.7.39)\ni s4(x) i\nSumming over i gives\nn s2(x,y)\nssr(x,y)=\u2211[y^ \u2212m(y)]2= (6.7.40)\ni s2(x)\ni=1\nHence ssr(x,y)=r2(x,y)sst(y). Finally, multiplying the result abo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multi-factor authentication-Mobile phone-based authentication-A mobile phone is not always available\u2014it can be lost, stolen, have a dead battery, or otherwise not work.\nDespite their growing popularity, some users may not even own a mobile device, and take umbrage at being required to own one as a condition of u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Japanese adjectives-Inflection-\u306a (na)-adjectives have \u306a\u3089 (nara) added to them to change to conditional form, and just like all other \u306a\u3044 (nai) form inflections, behave like an \u3044 (i)-adjective when in negative form, e.g., \u7c21\u5358\u3058\u3083\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070 (kantan ja nakereba)... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IOS app approvals-Review guidelines-On September 9, 2010, Apple published official App Store Review Guidelines for developers. At this time several development restrictions were lifted and many developers of previously rejected applications were asked to resubmit their applications under the new guidelines. The App Re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Seven-dimensional cross product-Coordinate expressions-The ej component of cross product x \u00d7 y is given by selecting all occurrences of ej in the table and collecting the corresponding components of x from the left column and of y from the top row. The result is: x\u00d7y=(x2y4\u2212x4y2+x3y7\u2212x7y3+x5y6\u2212... | large_corpus_distillation |
edges with the same orientation at a given vertex may be labeled as small if it is less than \u03c0, or large if it is greater than \u03c0. Each source or sink must have exactly one large angle, and each vertex that is neither a source nor a sink must have none. Additionally, each internal face of the drawing must have... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Document-oriented database-Documents-Organization Document database implementations offer a variety of ways of organizing documents, including notions of Collections: groups of documents, where depending on implementation, a document may be enforced to live inside one collection, or may be allowed to live in multiple ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Universal approximation theorem-Bounded depth and bounded width case-Universal approximation theorem: There exists an activation function \u03c3 which is analytic, strictly increasing and sigmoidal and has the following property: For any f\u2208C[0,1]d and \u03b5>0 there exist constants di,cij,\u03b8ij,\u03b3i , a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Expected shortfall-Formulas for continuous probability distributions-Log-logistic distribution If the payoff of a portfolio X follows log-logistic distribution, i.e. the random variable ln \u2061(1+X) follows the logistic distribution with p.d.f. f(x)=1se\u2212x\u2212\u03bcs(1+e\u2212x\u2212\u03bcs)\u22122 , then t... | large_corpus_distillation |
(relevant section)\nQ6\nX,Y\nFor the data below, compute:\nr\na. and determine if it is significantly different from zero.\nb. the slope of the regression line and test if it differs significantly from zero.\n95%\nc. the confidence interval for the slope.\n(relevant section)\nX Y\n2 5\n4 6\n4 7\n5 11\n6 12\nQ7\nWhat as... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Public transport bus service-Operation-Services may be strictly regulated in terms of level of adherence to timetables, and how often timetables may be changed. Operators and authorities may employ on-street bus inspectors to monitor adherence in real time. Service operators often have a control room, or in the case o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Symbol of a differential operator-Definition-Given a nonnegative integer m, an order- m linear differential operator is a map P from a function space F1 to another function space F2 that can be written as: where \u03b1=(\u03b11,\u03b12,\u22ef,\u03b1n) is a multi-index of non-negative integers, |\u03b1|=\u03b11+\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Global Descriptor Table-History-On x86 processors not having paging features, like the Intel 80286, the LDT is essential to implementing separate address spaces for multiple processes. There will be generally one LDT per user process, describing privately held memory, while shared memory and kernel memory will be desc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Register allocation-Register allocation techniques-Register allocation can happen over a basic block of code: it is said to be \"local\", and was first mentioned by Horwitz et al. As basic blocks do not contain branches, the allocation process is thought to be fast, because the management of control-flow graph merge p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Methods of computing square roots-Digit-by-digit calculation-Inconveniences are that the algorithm becomes quite unhandleable for higher roots and that it is not allowing inaccurate guesses or inaccurate sub-calculations as they, unlike the self correcting approximations like with Newton's method, lead to every follow... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kleene algebra-Examples-Let \u03a3 be a finite set (an \"alphabet\") and let A be the set of all regular expressions over \u03a3. We consider two such regular expressions equal if they describe the same language. Then A forms a Kleene algebra. In fact, this is a free Kleene algebra in the sense that any equation among... | large_corpus_distillation |
and rights management system of OMA DRM v2 (Open Mobile Alliance DRM). The Packetized OMA DRM Content Format is almost based on ISMACryp format.There are two alternatives to ISMACryp, SRTP and IPsec, that can also be used to provide service and content protection. The difference between the three is at what level encry... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lagrange multiplier-Sufficient conditions-Sufficient conditions for a constrained local maximum or minimum can be stated in terms of a sequence of principal minors (determinants of upper-left-justified sub-matrices) of the bordered Hessian matrix of second derivatives of the Lagrangian expression." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flying boat-Flying boat-A flying boat is a type of fixed-winged seaplane with a hull, allowing it to land on water. It differs from a floatplane in having a fuselage that is purpose-designed for floatation, while floatplanes rely on fuselage-mounted floats for buoyancy." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Layered permutation-Example-For instance, the layered permutations of length four, with the reversed blocks separated by spaces, are the eight permutations 1 2 3 4 1 2 43 1 32 4 1 432 21 3 4 21 43 321 4 4321 " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lightweight Directory Access Protocol-History-LDAP has influenced subsequent Internet protocols, including later versions of X.500, XML Enabled Directory (XED), Directory Service Markup Language (DSML), Service Provisioning Markup Language (SPML), and the Service Location Protocol (SLP). It is also used as the basis f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Deductive lambda calculus-Deductive lambda calculus-Deductive lambda calculus considers what happens when lambda terms are regarded as mathematical expressions. One interpretation of the untyped lambda calculus is as a programming language where evaluation proceeds by performing reductions on an expression until it is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CPU cache-Address translation-Virtual memory requires the processor to translate virtual addresses generated by the program into physical addresses in main memory. The portion of the processor that does this translation is known as the memory management unit (MMU). The fast path through the MMU can perform those trans... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Isolation forest-Properties of isolation forest-Sub-sampling: As iForest does not need to isolate all normal instances, it can frequently ignore the majority of the training sample. As a consequence, iForest works very well when the sampling size is kept small, a property that is in contrast with the great majority of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inter-rater reliability-Statistics-Joint probability of agreement The joint-probability of agreement is the simplest and the least robust measure. It is estimated as the percentage of the time the raters agree in a nominal or categorical rating system. It does not take into account the fact that agreement may happen s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Microsoft Sync Framework-Architecture-The providers are used to enumerate the items in a data store, each identified by an Item ID. In addition, they also have to maintain synchronization metadata and the state of the data store, so that changes can be enumerated quickly. The metadata is maintained for every instance ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spinlock-Significant optimizations-To reduce inter-CPU bus traffic, code trying to acquire a lock should loop reading without trying to write anything until it reads a changed value. Because of MESI caching protocols, this causes the cache line for the lock to become \"Shared\"; then there is remarkably no bus traffic... | large_corpus_distillation |
of the k-means algorithm is the k-SVD algorithm, which estimates data points as a sparse linear combination of \"codebook vectors\". k-means corresponds to the special case of using a single codebook vector, with a weight of 1." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interleave sequence-Properties-Consider two real numbers a and b greater than zero and smaller than 1. One can interleave the sequences of digits of a and b, which will determine a third number c, also greater than zero and smaller than 1. In this way one obtains an injection from the square (0,\u20091)\u2009\u00d7\u2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"EFAIL-Mitigations-Since the vulnerability is directed against the content of the email and not against the recipient, it is necessary that all recipients implement the countermeasures. These include: Disable active content such as HTML or JavaScript when viewing emails.\nSuppress automatic reloading of external conten... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dressed weight-Factors affecting dressed weight-Dressed weight also varies by animal. For example, the dress weight for chickens and other fowl is closer to 75% of the live weight, which is significantly higher than that of cattle, which can be from 50-70% depending on breed and methods used. To compare, a 250-pound p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Splay tree-Operations-Split the right subtree from the rest of the tree.\nInsertion To insert a value x into a splay tree: Insert x as with a normal binary search tree.\nwhen an item is inserted, a splay is performed.\nAs a result, the newly inserted node x becomes the root of the tree.Alternatively: Use the split ope... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Arithmetic Fuchsian group-Definition and examples-Maximal subgroups A natural question is to identify those among arithmetic Fuchsian groups which are not strictly contained in a larger discrete subgroup. These are called maximal Kleinian groups and it is possible to give a complete classification in a given arithmeti... | large_corpus_distillation |
adds 6 to it and discards any overflow of the nibble, and stores it in the least significant byte.\nThe most significant byte is incremented.\nNote that at this point the most significant byte may not contain a valid decimal number.\nSubtraction Only the decimal numbers 0 to 99 can be subtracted directly.\nFirst the nu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Scheduling (computing)-Types of operating system schedulers-In general, most processes can be described as either I/O-bound or CPU-bound. An I/O-bound process is one that spends more of its time doing I/O than it spends doing computations. A CPU-bound process, in contrast, generates I/O requests infrequently, using mo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Railway platform-Facilities-There are often loudspeakers as part of a public address (PA) system. The PA system is often used where dynamic timetables or electronic displays are not present. A variety of information is presented, including destinations and times (for all trains, or only the more important long-distanc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Eroom's law-Causes-The article that proposed the law attributes it to four main causes: The 'better than the Beatles' problem: The sense that new drugs only have modest incremental benefit over drugs already widely considered as successful, such as Lipitor, and treatment effects on top of already effective treatments ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Instruction pipelining-Concept and motivation-When operating efficiently, a pipelined computer will have an instruction in each stage. It is then working on all of those instructions at the same time. It can finish about one instruction for each cycle of its clock. But when a program switches to a different sequence o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Alternating bit protocol-Design-Messages are sent from transmitter A to receiver B. Assume that the channel from A to B is initialized and that there are no messages in transit. Each message from A to B contains a data part and a one-bit sequence number, i.e., a value that is 0 or 1. B has two acknowledge codes that i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vector space model-Limitations-The vector space model has the following limitations: Long documents are poorly represented because they have poor similarity values (a small scalar product and a large dimensionality) Search keywords must precisely match document terms; word substrings might result in a \"false positive... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Moore's law-Other formulations and similar observations-Experience curve effects says that each doubling of the cumulative production of virtually any product or service is accompanied by an approximate constant percentage reduction in the unit cost. The acknowledged first documented qualitative description of this da... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reduction (complexity)-Introduction-However, the reduction becomes much harder if we add the restriction that we can only use the squaring function one time, and only at the end. In this case, even if we're allowed to use all the basic arithmetic operations, including multiplication, no reduction exists in general, be... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Advanced Encryption Standard process-Rounds one and two-The AES2 conference votes were as follows: Rijndael: 86 positive, 10 negative Serpent: 59 positive, 7 negative Twofish: 31 positive, 21 negative RC6: 23 positive, 37 negative MARS: 13 positive, 84 negativeA further round of intense analysis and cryptanalysis foll... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mathematical statistics-Introduction-Statistical data collection is concerned with the planning of studies, especially with the design of randomized experiments and with the planning of surveys using random sampling. The initial analysis of the data often follows the study protocol specified prior to the study being c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subtyping-Coercions-The coercion function is uniquely determined given the subtype and supertype. Thus, when multiple subtyping relationships are defined, one must be careful to guarantee that all type coercions are coherent. For instance, if an integer such as 2 : int can be coerced to a floating point number (say, 2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multidimensional network-Community discovery-Tensor decomposition Non-negative matrix factorization has been proposed to extract the community-activity structure of temporal networks. The multilayer network is represented by a three-dimensional tensor Tij\u03c4 , like an edge-colored multigraph, where the order of la... | large_corpus_distillation |
insights from Natural Language Processing and the number of article shares. With the dataset being publicly available, a fair amount of data analysis has been conducted. Some can be found on the website \"Kaggle\". One \"classification analysis\". GitHub. 30 November 2020. used machine learning methods, namely, logisti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extension topology-Extension topology-Let X be a topological space and P a set disjoint from X. Consider in X \u222a P the topology whose open sets are of the form A \u222a Q, where A is an open set of X and Q is a subset of P.\nThe closed sets of X \u222a P are of the form B \u222a Q, where B is a closed set of X and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Secure multi-party computation-Definition and overview-Correctness: Any proper subset of adversarial colluding parties willing to share information or deviate from the instructions during the protocol execution should not be able to force honest parties to output an incorrect result. This correctness goal comes in two... | large_corpus_distillation |
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