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"Mer (software distribution)-Supported hardware-Mer can be compiled for a number of instruction sets such as x86, ARM or MIPS." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Varadhan's lemma-Statement of the lemma-Let X be a regular topological space; let (Z\u03b5)\u03b5>0 be a family of random variables taking values in X; let \u03bc\u03b5 be the law (probability measure) of Z\u03b5. Suppose that (\u03bc\u03b5)\u03b5>0 satisfies the large deviation principle with good rate function I : X... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Word count-Details and variations of definition-However, during the era when school assignments were done in handwriting or with typewriters, the rules for these definitions often differed from today's consensus. Most importantly, many students were drilled on the rule that \"certain words don't count\", usually artic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Probabilistic semantics-Probabilistic semantics-One of the most severe limitations of the Semantic Web is its inability to deal with uncertain knowledge.\nProbabilistic semantics extend the current semantic technology to overcome that limitation. However, due to their probabilistic approach, probabilistic semantics ar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MECE principle-Common uses-Similarly, MECE can be used in technical problem solving and communication. In some technical projects, like Six Sigma projects, the most effective method of communication is not the same as the problem solving process. In Six Sigma, the DMAIC process is used, but executive audiences looking... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Privacy Sandbox-Privacy Sandbox for Android-For Android, Privacy Sandbox will use technology that operates without cross-app identifiers, such as Android/Google Advertising ID. SDK (Software Development Kit) Runtime will limit covert tracking and the collection of user data by way of a process for third-party code, e.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Significant figures-Writing uncertainty and implied uncertainty-1.79 \u00b1 0.06 (correct), 1.79 \u00b1 0.96 (correct), 1.79 \u00b1 0.067 (incorrect), 1.79 \u00b1 0.9 (incorrect)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptanalysis-History-Even though computation was used to great effect in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher and other systems during World War II, it also made possible new methods of cryptography orders of magnitude more complex than ever before. Taken as a whole, modern cryptography has become much more impervi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational hardness assumption-Common cryptographic hardness assumptions-Most cryptographic protocols related to the discrete log problem actually rely on the stronger Diffie\u2013Hellman assumption: given group elements g,ga,gb , where g is a generator and a,b are random integers, it is hard to find ga\u22c5b ... | large_corpus_distillation |
fits the letter frequency distribution reasonably well (the same function has been used to fit the amino acid frequency in protein sequences.) A spy using the VIC cipher or some other cipher based on a straddling checkerboard typically uses a mnemonic such as \"a sin to err\" (dropping the second \"r\") or \"at one sir... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Neural coding-Hypothesized coding schemes-Sparse coding The sparse code is when each item is encoded by the strong activation of a relatively small set of neurons. For each item to be encoded, this is a different subset of all available neurons. In contrast to sensor-sparse coding, sensor-dense coding implies that all... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algorithmic Lov\u00e1sz local lemma-Algorithmic version of the Lov\u00e1sz local lemma-The proof of this theorem using the method of entropy compression can be found in the paper by Moser and Tardos Symmetric version The requirement of an assignment function x satisfying a set of inequalities in the theorem above is c... | large_corpus_distillation |
error recovery, but the initial (streamlined) recovery attempts fail because the retransmitted packets are lost in exactly the same way as the original packets. Eventually, the TCP transmission window becomes full and the TCP protocol refuses to transmit any further data until the previously-transmitted data is acknowl... | large_corpus_distillation |
(forward secrecy), having their code open to independent review (open-source), having their security designs well-documented, and having recent independent security audits. At the time, \"ChatSecure + Orbot\", Cryptocat, \"Signal / RedPhone\", Pidgin (with OTR), Silent Phone, Silent Text, and Telegram's optional secret... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Golo (programming language)-Technical details-The language features have been initially designed around the abilities of invokedynamic \u2013 JSR 292 that appeared in Java SE 7. Golo uses ahead-of-time compilation of bytecode. While the bytecode remains stable over a program execution, the invokedynamic-based reconfig... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Canonical Huffman code-Motivation-However, this code tree introduces two critical inefficiencies into an implementation of the coding scheme. Firstly, each node of the tree must store either references to its child nodes or the symbol that it represents. This is expensive in memory usage and if there is a high proport... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Performance tuning-Distributed computing-Distributed computing is used for increasing the potential for parallel execution on modern CPU architectures continues, the use of distributed systems is essential to achieve performance benefits from the available parallelism. High-performance cluster computing is a well-know... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fast inverse square root-Overview of the code-Worked example As an example, the number 0.15625 can be used to calculate 2.52982 {\\textstyle {\\frac {1}{\\sqrt {x}}}\\approx 2.52982} . The first steps of the algorithm are illustrated below: 0011_1110_0010_0000_0000_0000_0000_0000 Bit pattern of both x and i 0001_111... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Thick description-Thick description-In the social sciences and related fields, a thick description is a description of human social action that describes not just physical behaviors, but their context as interpreted by the actors as well, so that it can be better understood by an outsider. A thick description typicall... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Metric tree-Metric data structures-If there is no structure to the similarity measure then a brute force search requiring the comparison of the query image to every image in the dataset is the best that can be done. If, however, the similarity function satisfies the triangle inequality then it is possible to use the r... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u03c1 that yields Smax with at least one free parameter.The projective measurement that yields either +1 or \u22121 for two orthogonal states |\u03b1\u27e9,|\u03b1\u22a5\u27e9 respectively, can be expressed by an operator A=|\u03b1\u27e9\u27e8\u03b1|\u2212|\u03b1\u22a5\u27e9\u27e8\u03b1\u22a5| . The choice of this m... | large_corpus_distillation |
the system for x . The signer finally reveals (u,x) .Correctness of the signing procedure follows by evaluating x(x+b)\u2212H(m,u) modulo p and q with x as constructed. For example, in the simple case where b=0 , x is simply a square root of H(m,u) modulo n . The number of trials for u is geometrically distr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kolakoski sequence-Definition-The initial terms of the Kolakoski sequence are: 1,2,2,1,1,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,1,1,2,1,1,2,2,1,2,1,1,2,1,2,2,1,1,... (sequence A000002 in the OEIS)Each symbol occurs in a \"run\" (a sequence of equal elements) of either one or two consecutive terms, and writing down the lengths of these runs gi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sentence spacing in language and style guides-Scientific style guides-Other scientific style guides The 2006 edition of the Style Manual for Political Science, published by the American Political Science Association, states that \"One space, not two, should follow all punctuation that ends a sentence.\" The 2nd editio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fair random assignment-Properties-Truthfulness A third desired property is truthfulness (also called strategyproofness). Again, there are three variants: Ex-ante truthfulness, relevant for agents with cardinal utilities, means that no agent can get a better lottery by reporting false valuations. This is a strong prope... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ontology (information science)-Formal Ontology Components-Since domain ontologies are written by different people, they represent concepts in very specific and unique ways, and are often incompatible within the same project. As systems that rely on domain ontologies expand, they often need to merge domain ontologies b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Barcode-Symbologies-Characters in continuous symbologies are composed of n bars and n spaces, and usually abut, with one character ending with a space and the next beginning with a bar, or vice versa. A special end pattern that has bars on both ends is required to end the code.Two-width vs. many-widthA two-width, also... | large_corpus_distillation |
solve the original BVP. This finite-dimensional problem is then implemented on a computer.\nWeak formulation The first step is to convert P1 and P2 into their equivalent weak formulations." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Animal disease model-Disease models-Animal models serving in research may have an existing, inbred or induced disease or injury that is similar to a human condition. These test conditions are often termed as animal models of disease. The use of animal models allows researchers to investigate disease states in ways whi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matrix norm-Matrix norms induced by vector norms-For example, for we have that In the special case of p=2 (the Euclidean norm or \u21132 -norm for vectors), the induced matrix norm is the spectral norm. (The two values do not coincide in infinite dimensions \u2014 see Spectral radius for further discussion.) The spe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"BASIC interpreter-Variables and data types-Some implementations of the Microsoft interpreter, for example those running on the TRS-80 Models I/III, required the user to specify the amount of memory to be used by the interpreter. This was to permit a region of memory to be reserved for the installation of machine langu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ambivalence-Types of attitudinal ambivalence-Kaplan's measure yields the formula: Ambivalence=L+S\u2212(L\u2212S)=2S Here, S represents the smaller rating or reaction (called \"conflicting\" reaction in the seminal paper by Priester and Petty), and L represents the larger rating or dominant reaction.\nHowever, Kaplan... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Control flow-Loops-General iteration General iteration constructs such as C's for statement and Common Lisp's do form can be used to express any of the above sorts of loops, and others, such as looping over some number of collections in parallel. Where a more specific looping construct can be used, it is usually prefe... | large_corpus_distillation |
and strontium. Still the 7p3/2 orbital is still relativistically destabilized, potentially giving these elements larger ionic radii and perhaps even being able to participate chemically. In this region, the 8p electrons are also relativistically stabilized, resulting in a ground-state 8s28p1 valence electron configurat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algebra-Abstract algebra-Inverse elements: The negative numbers give rise to the concept of inverse elements. For addition, the inverse of a is written \u2212a, and for multiplication the inverse is written a\u22121. A general two-sided inverse element a\u22121 satisfies the property that a \u2217 a\u22121 = e and a\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sample grade-Sample grade-The term sample grade, in commodities exchange, refers to the lowest quality of a commodity, too low to be acceptable for delivery in satisfaction of futures contracts." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer number format-Numbers in programming languages-High-level programming languages such as Ruby and Python offer an abstract number that may be an expanded type such as rational, bignum, or complex. Mathematical operations are carried out by library routines provided by the implementation of the language. A give... | large_corpus_distillation |
to suit it: Images (especially screenshots) must be scaled up such that the text x-height is at least 20 pixels, any rotation or skew must be corrected or no text will be recognized, low-frequency changes in brightness must be high-pass filtered, or Tesseract's binarization stage will destroy much of the page, and dark... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stanford Mobile Inquiry-based Learning Environment-How it works-SMILE is composed of two main applications: a mobile-based question application for students, along with a management system for teachers. The software allows students to create open-ended or multiple-choice questions on mobile phones during class to shar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cache control instruction-Cache control instruction-In computing, a cache control instruction is a hint embedded in the instruction stream of a processor intended to improve the performance of hardware caches, using foreknowledge of the memory access pattern supplied by the programmer or compiler. They may reduce cach... | large_corpus_distillation |
is true even when both m,n are bigger than 1 and coincides with the previous claim when m=1 or n=1 , since then quasiconvexity is equivalent to convexity." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hensel's lemma-Examples-If we started with the initial choice r1=4 then Hensel's lemma would produce a square root of 2 in Z7 which is congruent to 4 (mod 7) instead of 3 (mod 7) and in fact this second square root would be the negative of the first square root (which is consistent with 4 = \u22123 mod 7).\nAs an ex... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ran Canetti-Books-Canetti has also authored several books including: Security and Composition of Cryptographic Protocols A Chapter in Secure Multiparty Computation, Ed. Manoj Prabhakaran and Amit Sahai.\nCryptology and Information Security Series, IOS Press, 2013.\nA chapter in the Journal of Cryptology Special Issue... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Admissible rule-Decidability and reduced rules-Then the following provides an algorithmic criterion for admissibility in K4:Theorem. The rule \u22c1i=0n\u03c6i/p0 is not admissible in K4 if and only if there exists a set W\u2286{\u03c6i\u2223i\u2264n} such that \u03c6i\u22aep0 for some i\u2264n, \u03c6i\u22a9\u03c6... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Oracle-Oracle-An oracle is a person or thing considered to provide wise and insightful counsel or prophetic predictions, most notably including precognition of the future, inspired by deities. If done through occultic means, it is a form of divination." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dilution (neural networks)-Types and uses-Dilution is usually split in weak dilution and strong dilution. Weak dilution describes the process in which the finite fraction of removed connections is small, and strong dilution refers to when this fraction is large. There is no clear distinction on where the limit between... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rendezvous hashing-None-The value of m can be chosen based on factors like the anticipated failure rate and the degree of desired load balancing. A higher value of m leads to less load skew in the event of failure at the cost of higher search overhead.\nThe choice m=n is equivalent to non-hierarchical rendezvous ha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Poisson sampling-A mathematical consequence of Poisson sampling-Mathematically, the first-order inclusion probability of the ith element of the population is denoted by the symbol \u03c0i and the second-order inclusion probability that a pair consisting of the ith and jth element of the population that is sampled is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transportation theory (mathematics)-Hitchcock problem-The real value of the V-prices Supply: If you add a unit of supply at S1 you can lower the transportation cost by adding 1 to cell [S1:C2] and subtracting 1 from cell [S2;C2].\nThis lowers shipping costs by 1, This is the meaning of C1. If the firm can rent an addi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Convex hull algorithms-Planar case-Simple polygon The convex hull of a simple polygon is divided by the polygon into pieces, one of which is the polygon itself and the rest are pockets bounded by a piece of the polygon boundary and a single hull edge. Although many algorithms have been published for the problem of con... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel embedding of distributions-Properties-The rate of convergence (in RKHS norm) of the empirical kernel embedding to its distribution counterpart is O(n\u22121/2) and does not depend on the dimension of X .Statistics based on kernel embeddings thus avoid the curse of dimensionality, and though the true underlyin... | large_corpus_distillation |
continuous map h:\u2009(X, x0) \u2192 (Y, y0).\nTo prove it satisfies the definition of a functor, one has to further check that it is compatible with composition: for base-point preserving continuous maps h:\u2009(X, x0) \u2192 (Y, y0) and k:\u2009(Y, y0) \u2192 (Z, z0), we have: \u03c0(k\u2218h)=\u03c0(k)\u2218\u03c0... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Median-Finite data set of numbers-For example, consider the multiset 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 14.The median is 2 in this case, as is the mode, and it might be seen as a better indication of the center than the arithmetic mean of 4, which is larger than all but one of the values. However, the widely cited empirical relationship ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data dictionary-Documentation-There is no universal standard as to the level of detail in such a document." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Earliest deadline first scheduling-Earliest deadline first scheduling-Instead, most real-time computer systems use fixed priority scheduling (usually rate-monotonic scheduling). With fixed priorities, it is easy to predict that overload conditions will cause the low-priority processes to miss deadlines, while the high... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Boolean algebra-Diagrammatic representations-More generally one may complement any of the eight subsets of the three ports of either an AND or OR gate. The resulting sixteen possibilities give rise to only eight Boolean operations, namely those with an odd number of 1's in their truth table. There are eight such becau... | large_corpus_distillation |
and routing. Some Protocol Independent Multicast routing protocols use rendezvous hashing to pick a rendezvous point." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic-Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic-Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) is a set of standards designed to work on either a GSM core network or the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
(Stop when you're ahead in coin tossing).\nWe can model a (biased) coin tossing game as a sequence of IID rv\u2019s X 1 ,X 2 ,\u2026 where each X is 1 with probability p and \u22121\nwith probability 1\u2212p. Consider the possibly-defective stopping trial J where J is the first n for which\nS n =X 1 +\u22ef+X n =1 , i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reproducing kernel Hilbert space-Common examples-Bilinear kernels K(x,y)=\u27e8x,y\u27e9 The RKHS H corresponding to this kernel is the dual space, consisting of functions f(x)=\u27e8x,\u03b2\u27e9 satisfying \u2016f\u2016H2=\u2016\u03b2\u20162 Polynomial kernels K(x,y)=(\u03b1\u27e8x,y\u27e9+1)d,\u03b1\u2208R,d\u2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"XMLHttpRequest-XMLHttpRequest usage-AsynchronousBoolean: If supplied, it should be set to true. If set to false, then the browser will wait until the return string is received. Programmers are discouraged to set AsynchronousBoolean to false, and browsers may experience an exception error.\nUserName: If supplied, it wi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ONTAP-Clustered ONTAP-NetApp Volume Encryption NetApp Volume Encryption (NVE) is FlexVol volume-level software-based encryption, which uses storage CPU for data encryption purposes; thus, some performance degradation is expected though it is less noticeable on high-end storage systems with more CPU cores. NVE is licen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nutrition facts label-United States-Products containing less than 5 g of fat show amounts rounded to the nearest 0.5 g. Amounts less than 0.5 g are rounded to 0 g. For example, if a product contains 0.45 g of trans fat per serving, and the package contains 18 servings, the label would show 0 g of trans fat, even thoug... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Karmarkar-Karp bin packing algorithms-Step 2. Grouping and un-grouping items-Linear grouping Let k>1 be an integer parameter. Put the largest k items in group 1; the next-largest k items in group 2; and so on (the last group might have fewer than k items). Let J be the original instance. Let K\u2032 be the first... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shell (projectile)-Unexploded shells-The fuze of a shell has to keep the shell safe from accidental functioning during storage, due to (possibly) rough handling, fire, etc. It also has to survive the violent launch through the barrel, then reliably function at the appropriate moment. To do this it has a number of armi... | large_corpus_distillation |
the PMF p XY (x i ,y j ). Show (a picture will help) that this is related to the joint\ndistribution function by\np (x ,y )=lim [ F(x ,y )\u2212F(x \u2212\u03b4,y )\u2212F(x ,y \u2212\u03b4)+F(x \u2212\u03b4,y \u2212\u03b4)]\nXY i j \u03b4>0,\u03b4\u21920 i j i j i j i j\nAnswer\n\uf128 Exercise 1.7\nA variation of Exa... | large_corpus_distillation |
, let\nW =min{n\u2208N :V =k} (12.7.1)\nk + n\nk\nthe sample size needed to get distinct sample values.\nk\nIn terms of the coupon collector, this random variable gives the number of products required to get distinct coupon types. Note\nW {k,k+1,\u2026} W\nthat the set of possible values of k is . We will be particular... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LEVIATHAN (cipher)-LEVIATHAN (cipher)-LEVIATHAN is considered broken due to distinguishing attacks which require 236 bytes of output and comparable effort." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Minimax-Combinatorial game theory-In combinatorial game theory, there is a minimax algorithm for game solutions." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Web performance-Optimization techniques-The following techniques are commonly used web optimization tasks and are widely used by web developers: Web browsers open separate Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connections for each Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request submitted when downloading a web page. These re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Literature circle-Background of literature circles-Well-run literature circles highlight student choice; occur over an extended period of time as part of a balanced literacy program; involve numerous structured and unstructured opportunities for student response and interpretation; and incorporate assessment and evalu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Collaborative filtering-Types-Hybrid A number of applications combine the memory-based and the model-based CF algorithms. These overcome the limitations of native CF approaches and improve prediction performance. Importantly, they overcome the CF problems such as sparsity and loss of information. However, they have in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Apriori algorithm-Examples-The pairs {1,2}, {2,3}, {2,4}, and {3,4} all meet or exceed the minimum support of 3, so they are frequent. The pairs {1,3} and {1,4} are not. Now, because {1,3} and {1,4} are not frequent, any larger set which contains {1,3} or {1,4} cannot be frequent. In this way, we can prune sets: we wi... | large_corpus_distillation |
and an inverse scale parameter \u03b2: for \u03bb>0.\nThen, given the same sample of n measured values ki as before, and a prior of Gamma(\u03b1, \u03b2), the posterior distribution is \u03bb\u223cGamma(\u03b1+\u2211i=1nki,\u03b2+n).\nNote that the posterior mean is linear and is given by E[\u03bb|k1,\u2026,kn]=\u03b... | large_corpus_distillation |
some extent the T2 and T2* relaxation times) in NMR, which is the source of its clinical utility." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Avalanche effect-Avalanche effect-Constructing a cipher or hash to exhibit a substantial avalanche effect is one of the primary design objectives, and mathematically the construction takes advantage of the butterfly effect. This is why most block ciphers are product ciphers. It is also why hash functions have large da... | large_corpus_distillation |
"The Open Notebook-Description-The Open Notebook was founded as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization by freelance science journalists Siri Carpenter and Jeanne Erdmann.Initially, its sole purpose was to publish \"story-behind-the-story\" interviews with journalists about the genesis and development of specific published... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MAC flooding-Counter measures-Many vendors allow discovered MAC addresses to be authenticated against an authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) server and subsequently filtered.\nImplementations of IEEE 802.1X suites often allow packet filtering rules to be installed explicitly by an AAA server based on dy... | large_corpus_distillation |
the possibility that adversaries can do heavy precomputation for inputs up to a certain length, as in the construction of rainbow tables." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multilinear multiplication-Definition in coordinates-In computational multilinear algebra it is conventional to work in coordinates. Assume that an inner product is fixed on Vk and let Vk\u2217 denote the dual vector space of Vk . Let {e1k,\u2026,enkk} be a basis for Vk , let {(e1k)\u2217,\u2026,(enkk)\u2217} be... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C.mmp-Structure-Most of the 11/20 modifications were custom changes to the wire-wrapped backplane, but because the PDP-11/40 was implemented in microcode, a separate proc-mod board was designed that intercepted certain instructions and implemented the protected operating system requirements. For example, it was necess... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Triple DES-Algorithm-The original DES cipher's key size of 56 bits was generally sufficient when that algorithm was designed, but the availability of increasing computational power made brute-force attacks feasible. Triple DES provides a relatively simple method of increasing the key size of DES to protect against suc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mark\u2013compact algorithm-Algorithms-As compaction progresses, relocated objects are copied towards the bottom of the heap. Eventually an object will need to be copied to the space occupied by the break table, which now must be relocated elsewhere. These movements of the break table, (called rolling the table by the... | large_corpus_distillation |
without knowing the encryption key.\ntkiptun-ng WPA/TKIP attack tool. Martin Beck developed tkiptun-ng and described an attack against TKIP in the paper Practical Attacks Against WEP and WPA, written with the help of Erik Tews.\nwesside-ng wesside-ng is a proof of concept based on the tool wesside, originally written b... | large_corpus_distillation |
constant. The mean is k\u22122 if , and the variance is k\u22122 j(k\u22124) if .\nF m n\nThe random variable given below has the distribution with degrees of freedom in the numerator and degrees of\nfreedom in the denominator:\nW2(X)/\u03c32\n(6.8.22)\nW2(Y)/\u03c42\nProof\nW2(X)/\u03c32 =U(X)/m\nUsing the notation in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximal ideal-Properties-Krull's theorem can fail for rings without unity. A radical ring, i.e. a ring in which the Jacobson radical is the entire ring, has no simple modules and hence has no maximal right or left ideals. See regular ideals for possible ways to circumvent this problem.\nIn a commutative ring with unit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Segmentation fault-Overview-At the hardware level, the fault is initially raised by the memory management unit (MMU) on illegal access (if the referenced memory exists), as part of its memory protection feature, or an invalid page fault (if the referenced memory does not exist). If the problem is not an invalid logica... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Md5deep-Md5deep-md5deep can be invoked in several different ways. Typically users operate it recursively, where md5deep walks through one directory at a time giving digests of each file found, and recursing into any subdirectories within. Its recursive behavior is approximately a depth-first search, which has the bene... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automated information systems security-History-Since the early days of communication, diplomats and military commanders understood that it was necessary to provide some mechanism to protect the confidentiality of correspondence and to have some means of detecting tampering. Julius Caesar is credited with the invention... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mathematical optimization-Computational optimization techniques-Methods that evaluate gradients, or approximate gradients in some way (or even subgradients): Coordinate descent methods: Algorithms which update a single coordinate in each iteration Conjugate gradient methods: Iterative methods for large problems. (In t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polyfill (programming)-Examples-JSON 2 Douglas Crockford originally wrote json2.js as an API for reading and writing his (then up-and-coming) JSON data format. It became so widely used that browser vendors decided to implement its API natively and turn it into a de facto standard; Since json2.js now implements feature... | large_corpus_distillation |
"AirPlay-Receivers-Bluetooth devices (headsets, speakers) that support the A2DP profile also appear as AirPlay receivers when paired with an iOS device, although Bluetooth is a device-to-device protocol that does not rely on a wireless network access point." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algorithm-Classification-Divide and conquer A divide-and-conquer algorithm repeatedly reduces an instance of a problem to one or more smaller instances of the same problem (usually recursively) until the instances are small enough to solve easily. One such example of divide and conquer is merge sorting. Sorting can be... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Virtual output queueing-Virtual output queueing-Virtual output queueing (VOQ) is a technique used in certain network switch architectures where, rather than keeping all traffic in a single queue, separate queues are maintained for each possible output location. It addresses a common problem known as head-of-line block... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Statistically close-Examples-Metrics Total variation distance (sometimes just called \"the\" statistical distance) Hellinger distance L\u00e9vy\u2013Prokhorov metric Wasserstein metric: also known as the Kantorovich metric, or earth mover's distance Mahalanobis distance Amari distance Divergences Kullback\u2013Leibler... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Verb phrase ellipsis-VP ellipsis in English-English antecedent-contained ellipsis An aspect of VP ellipsis that has been the subject of much theoretical analysis occurs when elided VP appears to be contained inside its antecedent. The phenomenon is called antecedent-contained ellipsis or antecedent-contained deletion ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"X86 calling conventions-Caller clean-up-syscall This is similar to cdecl in that arguments are pushed right-to-left. EAX, ECX, and EDX are not preserved. The size of the parameter list in doublewords is passed in AL.\nSyscall is the standard calling convention for 32 bit OS/2 API.\noptlink Arguments are pushed right-t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Branch and price-Description of the algorithm-The algorithm typically begins by using a reformulation, such as Dantzig\u2013Wolfe decomposition, to form what is known as the Master Problem. The decomposition is performed to obtain a problem formulation that gives better bounds when the relaxation is solved than when t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"New riddle of induction-The new riddle of induction-In this section, Goodman's new riddle of induction is outlined in order to set the context for his introduction of the predicates grue and bleen and thereby illustrate their philosophical importance." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Java Native Interface-Mapping types-The following table shows the mapping of types between Java (JNI) and native code.\nIn addition, the signature \"L fully-qualified-class ;\" would mean the class uniquely specified by that name; e.g., the signature \"Ljava/lang/String;\" refers to the class java.lang.String. Also, p... | large_corpus_distillation |
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