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"Transport layer-Protocols-Comparison of Internet transport layer protocols Comparison of OSI transport protocols ISO/IEC 8073/ITU-T Recommendation X.224, \"Information Technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Protocol for providing the connection-mode transport service\", defines five classes of connection-mode tra... | large_corpus_distillation |
\"for all\". They can be used to express whether predicates have an extension at all or whether their extension includes the whole domain. Quantification is only allowed over individual terms but not over predicates, in contrast to higher-order logics." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Claude Berrou-Publications-(in French) Proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de codage correcteurs d\u2019erreurs \u00e0 au moins deux codages convolutifs syst\u00e9matiques en parall\u00e8le, proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de d\u00e9codage it\u00e9ratif, module de d\u00e9codage et d\u00e9codeur correspondants (Apparatus of error-detecting encoding u... | large_corpus_distillation |
between observed and estimated values, and as the simplest form of divergence to compare probability distributions. The addition of squared distances to each other, as is done in least squares fitting, corresponds to an operation on (unsquared) distances called Pythagorean addition. In cluster analysis, squared distanc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Code-Examples-Codes in communication used for brevity A cable code replaces words (e.g. ship or invoice) with shorter words, allowing the same information to be sent with fewer characters, more quickly, and less expensively." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Scope (computer science)-Levels of scope-This is a more significant issue in C, notably for string assignment, as string initialization can automatically allocate memory, while string assignment to an already initialized variable requires allocating memory, a string copy, and checking that these are successful." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Orienteering map-Mapping process-Scribed maps This is the standard process used by National Mapping Agencies. It uses a plastic film, which is coated on one side with a photo-opaque film. The layer is removed with a scribing tool or scalpel to produce a negative image. One sheet of film is needed for each solid colour... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Minimax estimator-Problem setup-Consider the problem of estimating a deterministic (not Bayesian) parameter \u03b8\u2208\u0398 from noisy or corrupt data x\u2208X related through the conditional probability distribution P(x\u2223\u03b8) . Our goal is to find a \"good\" estimator \u03b4(x) for estimating the parame... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Product operator formalism-Examples-coup.\ncos sin cos sin coup." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Instruction register-Instruction register-In computing, the instruction register (IR) or current instruction register (CIR) is the part of a CPU's control unit that holds the instruction currently being executed or decoded. In simple processors, each instruction to be executed is loaded into the instruction register, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tensor product of modules-Examples-Let G be an abelian group in which every element has finite order (that is G is a torsion abelian group; for example G can be a finite abelian group or Q/Z ). Then: Indeed, any x\u2208Q\u2297ZG is of the form If ni is the order of gi , then we compute: Similarly, one sees Here ar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SDS 9 Series-SDS 930-The instruction format for the 930 system is compatible with prior systems except for the bits used for extended memory: +-+-+-+------+-+--+----------+ |0|X|P|Opcode|I|EM| Address | +-+-+-+------+-+--+----------+ bit 0 1 2 3 3 9 11 1 2 01 2 3 Bits 10 and 11 specify either no extended memory (EM='0... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nilpotent-Commutative rings-The nilpotent elements from a commutative ring R form an ideal N ; this is a consequence of the binomial theorem. This ideal is the nilradical of the ring. Every nilpotent element x in a commutative ring is contained in every prime ideal p of that ring, since xn=0\u2208p . So N is con... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pseudorandom permutation-Definition-Let F be a mapping {0,1}n\u00d7{0,1}s\u2192{0,1}n . F is a PRP if and only if For any K\u2208{0,1}s , FK is a bijection from {0,1}n to {0,1}n , where FK(x)=F(x,K) For any K\u2208{0,1}s , there is an \"efficient\" algorithm to evaluate FK(x) for any x\u2208{0,1}n ,.\nFor all... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Surjective function-Properties-Composition and decomposition The composition of surjective functions is always surjective: If f and g are both surjective, and the codomain of g is equal to the domain of f, then f o g is surjective. Conversely, if f o g is surjective, then f is surjective (but g, the function applied f... | large_corpus_distillation |
say, 0V to 1V. The\nvoltage might be interpreted to allow a margin of error, so that voltages between 0V and 0.2V would represent logical 0, and\nvoltages between 0.8V and 1V a logical 1. The circuitry would not guarantee to interpret voltages between 0.2V and 0.8V properly.\nIf the noise in a circuit is always smaller... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Swiss Market Index-SMI family-SMI is also the name of a family of indices encompassing the SMI itself, but also the SMI MID with the next 30 large-caps (2) and mid-caps (28), and the SMI Expanded with all 50 shares.\nThe indices are available in several variations. For example, the SMI, which is a price index, also ex... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Evaluation of binary classifiers-Sensitivity and specificity-The fundamental prevalence-independent statistics are sensitivity and specificity." | large_corpus_distillation |
are equivalent.\n21) Consider the vector \u21c0a(t)=\u27e8cost,sint\u27e9 with components that depend on a real number t. As the number t varies, the\ncomponents of\n\u21c0a(t)\nchange as well, depending on the functions that define them.\na. Write the vectors\n\u21c0a(0)\nand\n\u21c0a(\u03c0)\nin component form.\nb. S... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vagueness-Reducing internal vagueness-The above-mentioned tools of exact and non-exact science are general principles, and different branches of science use them in combination with both. They have their parts exact and inexact. Purely exact sciences, such as theoretical physics or mathematics, use natural language as... | large_corpus_distillation |
measure of overall mortality rates other than in early childhood. For instance, in a society with a life expectancy of 30, it may nevertheless be common to have a 40-year remaining timespan at age 5 (but perhaps not a 60-year one)." | large_corpus_distillation |
lettereis used as a base for many real-world exponential models. To work with basee, we use the\napproximation, The constant was named by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707\u20131783) who\nfirst investigated and discovered many of its properties.\nEXAMPLE10\nUsing a Calculator to Find Powers ofe\nCalculate Ro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Plain text-Encoding-Control codes ASCII reserves the first 32 codes (numbers 0\u201331 decimal) for control characters known as the \"C0 set\": codes originally intended not to represent printable information, but rather to control devices (such as printers) that make use of ASCII, or to provide meta-information about... | large_corpus_distillation |
"7.2.2: Example- Binary Channel\nThe binary channel is well described by the probability model. Its properties, many of which were discussed in Chapter 6, are\nsummarized below.\nConsider first a noiseless binary channel which, when presented with one of two possible input values 0 or 1, transmits this value\nfaithfull... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Diameter Credit-Control Application-Command Codes-In order to support Credit Control via Diameter, there are two Diameter messages, the CCR (Credit Control Request) and the CCA (Credit Control Answer). Command Code for CCR/CCA is 272, as defined in RFC 4006 For quota management the client sends CCR to the server reque... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Completeness (statistics)-Importance of completeness-Lehmann\u2013Scheff\u00e9 theorem Completeness occurs in the Lehmann\u2013Scheff\u00e9 theorem, which states that if a statistic that is unbiased, complete and sufficient for some parameter \u03b8, then it is the best mean-unbiased estimator for \u03b8. In other wor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Index calculus algorithm-Description-The second stage solves the system of linear equations to compute the discrete logs of the factor base. A system of hundreds of thousands or millions of equations is a significant computation requiring large amounts of memory, and it is not embarrassingly parallel, so a supercomput... | large_corpus_distillation |
"JPEG-Typical use-JPEG is also not well suited to files that will undergo multiple edits, as some image quality is lost each time the image is recompressed, particularly if the image is cropped or shifted, or if encoding parameters are changed \u2013 see digital generation loss for details. To prevent image information... | large_corpus_distillation |
that the gradient (error signal) decreases exponentially with n while the early layers train very slowly." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ranking (information retrieval)-Ranking models-Vector Space Model Since the Boolean Model only fetches complete matches, it doesn\u2019t address the problem of the documents being partially matched. The Vector Space Model solves this problem by introducing vectors of index items each assigned with weights. The weights... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data link layer-Error detection and correction-More sophisticated error detection and correction algorithms are designed to reduce the risk that multiple transmission errors in the data would cancel each other out and go undetected. An algorithm that can even detect if the correct bytes are received but out of order i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fast inverse square root-Motivation-The inverse square root of a floating point number is used in digital signal processing to normalize a vector, scaling it to length 1 to produce a unit vector. For example, computer graphics programs use inverse square roots to compute angles of incidence and reflection for lighting... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SCSI contingent allegiance condition-SCSI contingent allegiance condition-On a computer SCSI connection, a contingent allegiance condition occurs while a SCSI device reports an error.\nSCSI communication takes place between an initiator and a target. The initiator sends a command to the target which then responds. At ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"DOS MZ executable-Termination-In the original DOS 1.x API, it was also necessary to have the CS register pointing to the segment with the PSP at program termination; this was done via the following instructions: Program termination would then be performed by a RETF instruction, which would retrieve the original segmen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Readers\u2013writers problem-Third readers\u2013writers problem-Simplest reader writer problem The simplest reader writer problem which uses only two semaphores and doesn't need an array of readers to read the data in buffer.\nPlease notice that this solution gets simpler than the general case because it is made equiv... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Homogeneous relation-Operations-Reflexive reduction, R\u2260 Defined as R\u2260 = R \\ {(x, x) | x \u2208 X} or the largest irreflexive relation over X contained in R.\nTransitive closure, R+ Defined as the smallest transitive relation over X containing R. This can be seen to be equal to the intersection of all transi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"DevOps-Cultural change-DevOps initiatives can create cultural changes in companies by transforming the way operations, developers, and testers collaborate during the development and delivery processes. Getting these groups to work cohesively is a critical challenge in enterprise DevOps adoption. DevOps is as much abou... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rectilinear polygon-Squares and rectangles in a rectilinear polygon-Lemma: in a simple rectilinear polygon, a maximal square that does not contain a knob is a separator. A square containing a knob may or may not be a separator. The number of different separator squares may be infinite and even uncountable. For example... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rayleigh quotient-Special case of covariance matrices-Thus, the Rayleigh quotient is maximized by the eigenvector with the largest eigenvalue." | large_corpus_distillation |
by a continuous injective function.\nTrimean the weighted arithmetic mean of the median and two quartiles.\nWinsorized mean an arithmetic mean in which extreme values are replaced by values closer to the median.Any of the above may be applied to each dimension of multi-dimensional data, but the results may not be invar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Binary search tree-Operations-Iterative search The recursive version of the search can be \"unrolled\" into a while loop. On most machines, the iterative version is found to be more efficient.:\u200a291\u200a Since the search may proceed till some leaf node, the running time complexity of BST search is O(h) where h ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Approximation algorithm-Performance guarantees-The absolute performance guarantee PA of some approximation algorithm A, where x refers to an instance of a problem, and where RA(x) is the performance guarantee of A on x (i.e. \u03c1 for problem instance x) is: inf {r\u22651\u2223RA(x)\u2264r,\u2200x}.\nThat is to say... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Legendre polynomials-Additional properties of Legendre polynomials-Recurrence relations As discussed above, the Legendre polynomials obey the three-term recurrence relation known as Bonnet's recursion formula given by and or, with the alternative expression, which also holds at the endpoints Useful for the integration... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Suffix array-Constructing the lcp-interval-The length of the longest common prefix of pos[i \u2212 1] and pos[i] is stored in lcp[i],where 2 \u2264 i \u2264 n. The lcp-interval portrays the same parent-child relationship as that among the associated nodes in the suffix tree of S.This shows that if the corresponding no... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Group action-Morphisms and isomorphisms between G-sets-If X and Y are two G-sets, a morphism from X to Y is a function f : X \u2192 Y such that f(g\u22c5x) = g\u22c5f(x) for all g in G and all x in X. Morphisms of G-sets are also called equivariant maps or G-maps.\nThe composition of two morphisms is again a morphism.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linguistic Linked Open Data-Aspects-Linked Data: Formats The definition of Linked Data requires the application of RDF or related standards. This includes the W3C recommendations SPARQL, Turtle, JSON-LD, RDF-XML, RDFa, etc. In language technology and the language sciences, however, other formalisms are currently more ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"OpenURL-Use-The most common application of OpenURL is to assist in the resolution of a request for a web resource (such as an online article). An OpenURL includes information about the referenced resource itself, and context information \u2014 both the context in which the OpenURL occurs (for example, a page of search... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer program-Programming paradigms and languages-Syntax and semantics The syntax of a programming language is a list of production rules which govern its form. A programming language's form is the correct placement of its declarations, expressions, and statements. Complementing the syntax of a language are its sem... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matrix regularization-General applications-The role of matrix regularization in this setting can be the same as in multivariate regression, but matrix norms can also be used to couple learning problems across tasks. In particular, note that for the optimization problem min W\u2016XW\u2212Y\u201622+\u03bb\u2016W\u20162... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P versus NP problem-Problems in NP not known to be in P or NP-complete-In 1975, Richard E. Ladner showed that if P \u2260 NP, then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-intermediate problems. The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem, and the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mereology-Natural language-Bunt (1985), a study of the semantics of natural language, shows how mereology can help understand such phenomena as the mass\u2013count distinction and verb aspect. But Nicolas (2008) argues that a different logical framework, called plural logic, should be used for that purpose." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Aerostat-Terminology-In student usage, the term aerostat refers to any thermostat that remains in the air primarily using aerostatic buoyancy.Historically, all aerostats were called balloons. Powered types capable of horizontal flight were referred to as dirigible balloons or simply dirigibles (from the French dirigea... | large_corpus_distillation |
n -element permutations correspond to the perfect matchings of a complete bipartite graph Kn,n and the theorem states that, among families of perfect matchings each pair of which share t edges, the largest families are formed by the matchings that all contain t chosen edges. Another analog of the theorem, for partit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Partial-matching meet-in-the-middle attack-Example-The authors of the attack, however, identified some useful characteristics of KTANTAN that held with a probability of 1. Due to the low diffusion per round in KTANTAN (the security is in the number of rounds), they found out by computing forwards from round 111 and ba... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Freshman's dream-Prime characteristic-Thus in characteristic p the freshman's dream is a valid identity. This result demonstrates that exponentiation by p produces an endomorphism, known as the Frobenius endomorphism of the ring.\nThe demand that the characteristic p be a prime number is central to the truth of the fr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quadratic reciprocity-Supplements to Quadratic Reciprocity-First Supplement to Quadratic Reciprocity. The congruence mod p is solvable if and only if p is congruent to 1 modulo 4." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Class (computer programming)-Design and implementation-Object-oriented design uses the access specifiers in conjunction with careful design of public method implementations to enforce class invariants\u2014constraints on the state of the objects. A common usage of access specifiers is to separate the internal data of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Epimorphism-Related concepts-Epimorphisms are used to define abstract quotient objects in general categories: two epimorphisms f1 : X \u2192 Y1 and f2 : X \u2192 Y2 are said to be equivalent if there exists an isomorphism j : Y1 \u2192 Y2 with j f1 = f2. This is an equivalence relation, and the equivalence classes are... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Euler's totient function-Unsolved problems-Carmichael's conjecture This states that there is no number n with the property that for all other numbers m, m \u2260 n, \u03c6(m) \u2260 \u03c6(n). See Ford's theorem above.\nAs stated in the main article, if there is a single counterexample to this conjecture, there must b... | large_corpus_distillation |
(4.2.3)\nn\u2192\u221e n\nProof (for the case where\nX\u00af=0\nand\nE[X4]<\u221e)):\nAssume that X \u00af =0 and E[X4]<\u221e. Denote E[X4] by \u03b3. For any real number x, if |x|\u22641, then x2\u22641, and if\n|x|>1, then x2<x4 . Thus x2\u22641+x4 for all x. It follows \u03c32 =E[X2]\u22641+E[X4] . Thus \u03c32 is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
space, there is a countable collection of open sets with the property that every other open set is a union\nB\nof sets in . Here is how the two properties are related:\n(S,S)\nIf a topological space is second countable then it is separable.\nProof\nB={U :i\u2208I} S I x \u2208U i\u2208I\nSuppose that i is a base for , ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Collatz conjecture-Cycles-Cycle length The length of a non-trivial cycle is known to be at least 186265759595. If it can be shown that for all positive integers less than 69 the Collatz sequences reach 1, then this bound would raise to 355504839929. In fact, Eliahou (1993) proved that the period p of any non-trivial ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"1000 (number)-Selected numbers in the range 1001\u20131999-1980 = pronic number 1981 = pinwheel number 1982 = maximal number of regions the plane is divided into by drawing 45 circles 1983 = skiponacci number 1984 = 11111000000 in binary, see also: 1984 (disambiguation) 1985 = centered square number 1986 = number of w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"220 (number)-220 (number)-220 (two hundred [and] twenty) is the natural number following 219 and preceding 221." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pointer analysis-Flow-Insensitive Approaches-Many approaches to flow-insensitive pointer analysis can be understood as forms of abstract interpretation, where heap allocations are abstracted by their allocation site (i.e., a program location)." | large_corpus_distillation |
offer what their name says, the \"Update & Security\" category contains an amalgam of loosely related items, including: Update, delivery optimization, backup, troubleshooting, recovery, activation, finding lost devices, the developer mode, and the Windows Insider program. Unlike what its name says, it cannot alter any ... | large_corpus_distillation |
the path diversity.\nNext, we determine the bottleneck links of the 2nd network layer.\nAgain, minimize the maximal load of all remaining links, but now without the bottlenecks of the 2nd network layer as well.\nRepeat this algorithm until the entire communication footprint is enclosed in the bottlenecks of the constru... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lambda lifting-Lambda lifting in lambda calculus-lambda-named A named function. An expression like (\u03bbF.M)N where M is lambda free and N is lambda free or an anonymous function.\nfalse false lift-choice The first anonymous or named function found in traversing the expression or none if there is no function." | large_corpus_distillation |
42% to as high as 93% depending on the specific nation. Accuracy was lower in nations with smaller stock markets." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Carmichael number-Higher-order Carmichael numbers-Carmichael numbers can be generalized using concepts of abstract algebra.\nThe above definition states that a composite integer n is Carmichael precisely when the nth-power-raising function pn from the ring Zn of integers modulo n to itself is the identity function. Th... | large_corpus_distillation |
and advanced models, but fails to conform to BS.1387-1 tolerances. Nevertheless, the difference from conformance (RMSE 0.2009 in basic mode) is smaller than previous open-source implementations. The author also found that the difference to be statistically insignificant in terms of using the ODG as an estimate of the S... | large_corpus_distillation |
branch redirection.\nRadix-1024 floating point divider for fast scalar/packed single, double and extended precision floating point divides.\nImproved AES-NI instruction latency and throughput.\nLarger load and store buffers. Improved store-to-load forwarding latency store data from register.\nShared instruction and dat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prompt engineering-Text-to-text-Prompting to disclose uncertainty By default, the output of language models may not contain estimates of uncertainty. The model may output text that appears confident, though the underlying token predictions have low likelihood scores. Large language models like GPT-4 can have accuratel... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Functional encryption-Formal definition-More precisely, a functional encryption scheme for a given functionality f consists of the following four algorithms: pk msk Setup (1\u03bb) : creates a public key pk and a master secret key msk sk Keygen msk ,f) : uses the master secret key to generate a new secret key sk f... | large_corpus_distillation |
of collective dominance, first introduced in and used in the EDUK algorithm. The smallest such \u03b1 defines the threshold of the item i , written ti=(\u03b1\u22121)wi . In this case, the optimal solution could contain at most \u03b1\u22121 copies of i Multiple dominance The i -th item is multiply dominated by a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stochastic programming-Statistical inference-Let g:X\u2192R and g^N:X\u2192R be a sequence of (deterministic) real valued functions. The following two properties are equivalent: for any x\u00af\u2208X and any sequence {xN}\u2282X converging to x\u00af it follows that g^N(xN) converges to g(x\u00af) the function... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Strikethrough-Uses-Marking errors Strikethrough is primarily used to mark text that is mistaken or to be removed. Historically, this has also been marked by placing dots under the letters to be ignored (Latin: punctum delens).\nPhysics In quantum field theory, a slash through a symbol, such as \u2c65, is shorthand for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Machinist square-Accuracy grades and standards-There are several different International or National standards that Engineer's Squares are manufactured to, two main ones being: - BS 939. (British Standards).\n- DIN 875-1 (German/Euro standards)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quantum coin flipping-Definition-Extensions Coin flipping can be defined for biased coins as well, i.e. the bits are not equally likely. The notion of correctness has also been formalized which requires that when both players follow the protocol (nobody cheats) the players always agree on the bit generated and that th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wait (system call)-Zombies and orphans-Conversely, a child process whose parent process terminates before it does becomes an orphan process. Such situations are typically handled with a special \"root\" (or \"init\") process, which is assigned as the new parent of a process when its parent process exits. This special ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cluster diagram-Cluster diagram-A Cluster diagram or clustering diagram is a general type of diagram, which represents some kind of cluster. A cluster in general is a group or bunch of several discrete items that are close to each other." | large_corpus_distillation |
"BulSemCor-Specific features-Annotated items inherit the linguistic information associated with the corresponding synset, which along with morphological and semantic tags may include annotation on one or more of the following additional levels: Partial information about the syntactic structure of MWE types \u2013 parti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Chaitin's constant-Background-The function F is called universal if the following property holds: for every computable function f of a single variable there is a string w such that for all x, F(w x) = f(x); here w x represents the concatenation of the two strings w and x. This means that F can be used to simulate any ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IT infrastructure deployment-Deployment planning objectives-The objective of Deployment Planning is to ensure that changes deployed into a target system environment are executed in a structure and repeatable manner in order to reduce the risk of failure. The purpose of release and deployment planning is to: Define and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Graph Query Language-Extending existing graph query languages-PGQL PGQL is a language designed and implemented by Oracle Inc., but made available as an open source specification, along with JVM parsing software. PGQL combines familiar SQL SELECT syntax including SQL expressions and result ordering and aggregation with... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer number format-Representing fractions in binary-In the decimal system, we are familiar with floating-point numbers of the form (scientific notation): 1.1030402 \u00d7 105 = 1.1030402 \u00d7 100000 = 110304.02or, more compactly: 1.1030402E5which means \"1.1030402 times 1 followed by 5 zeroes\". We have a certai... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dihedral group-Automorphism group-Compare the values 6 and 4 for Euler's totient function, the multiplicative group of integers modulo n for n = 9 and 10, respectively. This triples and doubles the number of automorphisms compared with the two automorphisms as isometries (keeping the order of the rotations the same or... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Memory paging-Page faults-The method the operating system uses to select the page frame to reuse, which is its page replacement algorithm, is important to efficiency. The operating system predicts the page frame least likely to be needed soon, often through the least recently used (LRU) algorithm or an algorithm based... | large_corpus_distillation |
"RSA (cryptosystem)-Security and practical considerations-The numbers p and q should not be \"too close\", lest the Fermat factorization for n be successful. If p \u2212 q is less than 2n1/4 (n = p\u22c5q, which even for \"small\" 1024-bit values of n is 3\u00d71077), solving for p and q is trivial. Furthermore, if eit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subnormal number-Performance issues-Some systems handle subnormal values in hardware, in the same way as normal values. Others leave the handling of subnormal values to system software (\"assist\"), only handling normal values and zero in hardware. Handling subnormal values in software always leads to a significant de... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Text linguistics-Structure-Intertextuality Intertextuality concerns the factors which make the utilization of one text dependent upon knowledge of one or more previously encountered text. If a text receiver does not have prior knowledge of a relevant text, communication may break down because the understanding of the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Steganography tools-Architecture-Carrier The carrier is the signal, stream, or data file into which the hidden data is hidden by making subtle modifications. Examples include audio files, image files, documents, and executable files. In practice, the carrier should look and work the same as the original unmodified car... | large_corpus_distillation |
we find that := p(yk\u22121|xk\u22121)p(xk|xk\u22121)p^(dxk\u22121|y0,\u22ef,yk\u22122)\u222bp(yk\u22121|xk\u22121\u2032)p(xk|xk\u22121\u2032)p^(dxk\u22121\u2032|y0,\u22ef,yk\u22122)=\u2211i=1Np(yk\u22121|\u03bek\u22121i)p(xk|\u03bek\u22121i)\u2211j=1Np(yk\u22121|\u03bek\u22121j)p(xk|\u03bek\u22121j)\u03b4\u03bek\u2212... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generative adversarial network-Variants-At training time, usually only one style latent vector is used per image generated, but sometimes two (\"mixing regularization\") in order to encourage each style block to independently perform its stylization without expecting help from other style blocks (since they might rece... | large_corpus_distillation |
album by Diomedes D\u00edaz Songs \"3\" (Britney Spears song), 2009 \"3 a.m.\" (Eminem song), 2009 \"3\" (Disturbed song), 2011 \"Song Three\", a song from the Mahagonny-Songspiel, 1927 \"Song 3\", a song from the 2002 Robbie Williams album Escapology (album) " | large_corpus_distillation |
to the coin's diameter). It could reasonably be assumed that: thin coin thick coin ) Note that this new information probably wouldn't break the symmetry between \"heads\" and \"tails\", so that permutation would still apply in describing \"equivalent problems\", and we would require: thin coin thin coin thick coin thic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Even\u2013Rodeh coding-Even\u2013Rodeh coding-Even\u2013Rodeh code is a universal code encoding the non-negative integers developed by Shimon Even and Michael Rodeh." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Factorization of polynomials over finite fields-Factoring algorithms-Example of a square-free factorization Let 11 +2x9+2x8+x6+x5+2x3+2x2+1\u2208F3[x], to be factored over the field with three elements.\nThe algorithm computes first gcd 2." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Code injection-Preventing problems-Enforcing language separation via a static type system.\nInput validation, such as whitelisting only known good values, this can be done on client side using JavaScript for example or it can be done on the server side which is more secure.\nInput encoding, e.g. escaping dangerous cha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PDP-11 architecture-Optional instruction sets-SPL (set priority level) MTPS (move to Processor Status) MFPS (move from Processor Status) Access to other memory spaces On PDP-11s that provide multiple instruction spaces and data spaces, a set of non-orthogonal Move instructions give access to other spaces. For example,... | large_corpus_distillation |
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