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"Demand flow technology-Principles-Product synchronization The first tool to be used in a DFT implementation, product synchronization is a definition of relationship of processes in a flow to build a product. It takes the form of a diagram, usually created in pen and paper or whiteboard and formalized with a visualizat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Derangement-Example-Suppose that a professor gave a test to 4 students \u2013 A, B, C, and D \u2013 and wants to let them grade each other's tests. Of course, no student should grade their own test. How many ways could the professor hand the tests back to the students for grading, such that no student received their o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Max-flow min-cut theorem-Definitions and statement-Flows A flow through a network is a mapping f:E\u2192R+ denoted by fuv or f(u,v) , subject to the following two constraints: Capacity Constraint: For every edge (u,v)\u2208E , fuv\u2264cuv.\nConservation of Flows: For each vertex v apart from s and t (i.e. the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Referring expression generation-Basic algorithms-Full Brevity The Full Brevity algorithm always finds a minimal distinguishing description meaning there is no shorter distinguishing description in regard to properties used.\nTherefore, it iterates over n=1,2,3,4,...\nand checks every description of a length of n pro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wired Equivalent Privacy-Remedies-After it became clear that the overall WEP algorithm was deficient (and not just the IV and key sizes) and would require even more fixes, both the WEP2 name and original algorithm were dropped. The two extended key lengths remained in what eventually became WPA's TKIP." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rank (linear algebra)-Alternative definitions-Column rank \u2013 dimension of column space The rank of A is the maximal number of linearly independent columns c1,c2,\u2026,ck of A; this is the dimension of the column space of A (the column space being the subspace of Fm generated by the columns of A, which is in fact... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tf\u2013idf-Tf\u2013idf-In information retrieval, tf\u2013idf (also TF*IDF, TFIDF, TF\u2013IDF, or Tf\u2013idf), short for term frequency\u2013inverse document frequency, is a numerical statistic that is intended to reflect how important a word is to a document in a collection or corpus. It is often used as a weightin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"6.867 Machine learning, lecture 10 (Jaakkola) 5\nAs an example of another way of using the result, suppose we set \u03b4 = 0.05 and would like\nany classifier that achieves zero training error to have at most 10% generalization error.\nLet\u2019s solve for the number of training examples we would need for such a guara... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extremal optimization-Variations on the theme and applications-Generalised extremal optimization (GEO) was developed to operate on bit strings where component quality is determined by the absolute rate of change of the bit, or the bits contribution to holistic solution quality. This work includes application to standa... | large_corpus_distillation |
within the real numbers. Failure to exclude the null hypothesis (with any confidence) does not logically confirm or support the (unprovable) null hypothesis. (When it is proven that something is e.g. bigger than x, it does not necessarily imply it is plausible that it is smaller or equal than x; it may instead be a poo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Select (SQL)-Select (SQL)-The SELECT statement has many optional clauses: SELECT clause is the list of columns or SQL expressions that must be returned by the query. This is approximately the relational algebra projection operation.\nAS optionally provides an alias for each column or expression in the SELECT clause. T... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Enduro/X-Subsystems-Queuing subsystem Enduro/X provides a queuing subsystem called TMQ (Transactional Message Queue). This facility provides persistent queues that allows applications to explicitly enqueue and dequeue messages from named queues. Queues can be ordered by message en-queue time in LIFO or FIFO order. Que... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CPU cache-Cache hierarchy in a modern processor-Trace cache One of the more extreme examples of cache specialization is the trace cache (also known as execution trace cache) found in the Intel Pentium 4 microprocessors. A trace cache is a mechanism for increasing the instruction fetch bandwidth and decreasing power co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ReiserFS-Design-ReiserFS stores file metadata (\"stat items\"), directory entries (\"directory items\"), inode block lists (\"indirect items\"), and tails of files (\"direct items\") in a single, combined B+ tree keyed by a universal object ID. Disk blocks allocated to nodes of the tree are \"formatted internal blocks... | large_corpus_distillation |
the ANSI standard group to which Dual_EC_DRBG was first submitted were aware of the exact mechanism of the potential backdoor and how to disable it, but did not elect to disable or publicize the backdoor. The general cryptographic community was initially not aware of the potential backdoor, until Dan Shumow and Niels F... | large_corpus_distillation |
max and min, subtracting at the end). In other cases the aggregate function cannot be computed without analyzing the entire set at once, though in some cases approximations can be computed; examples include DISTINCT COUNT, MEDIAN, and MODE; for example, the median of a set is not the median of medians of subsets. These... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Artificial neural network-Models-Cost function While it is possible to define a cost function ad hoc, frequently the choice is determined by the function's desirable properties (such as convexity) or because it arises from the model (e.g. in a probabilistic model the model's posterior probability can be used as an inv... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Human image synthesis-Timeline of human image synthesis-In September 2018 Google added \"involuntary synthetic pornographic imagery\" to its ban list, allowing anyone to request the search engine block results that falsely depict them as \"nude or in a sexually explicit situation.\"In February 2019 Nvidia open sources... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transposable integer-General-The cyclic permutations are thus related to repeating decimals, the corresponding fractions, and divisors of 10m\u22121. For examples the related fractions to the above cyclic permutations are thus: 091575\u2044999999, 915750\u2044999999, 157509\u2044999999, 575091\u2044999999, 750915\u204... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cloem-Technology-According to Cloem, dictionaries, ontologies and proprietary claim-drafting algorithms are used to draft alternative claims based on a client's original set of claims. In particular, the original set of claims is subject to various permutations and linguistic manipulations \"by considering alternative... | large_corpus_distillation |
2010.Since 2015, NIST guidance says that \"the use of keys that provide less than 112 bits of security strength for key agreement is now disallowed.\" NIST approved symmetric encryption algorithms include three-key Triple DES, and AES. Approvals for two-key Triple DES and Skipjack were withdrawn in 2015; the NSA's Skip... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer program-Functional categories-Kernel Program The kernel's main purpose is to manage the limited resources of a computer: The kernel program should perform process scheduling. The kernel creates a process control block when a program is selected for execution. However, an executing program gets exclusive acces... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ARM Cortex-A12-Overview-NEON SIMD instruction set extension.\nHigh performance VFPv4 floating point unit.\nThumb-2 instruction set encoding reduces the size of programs with little impact on performance.\nTrustZone security extensions.\nL2 cache controller (0-8 MB).\nMulti-core processing.\n40-bit Large Physical Addre... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discrete-time Markov chain-n-step transitions-The probability of going from state i to state j in n time steps is Pr (Xn=j\u2223X0=i) and the single-step transition is Pr (X1=j\u2223X0=i).\nFor a time-homogeneous Markov chain: Pr (Xk+n=j\u2223Xk=i) and Pr (Xk+1=j\u2223Xk=i)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hancock (programming language)-Processes-Hancock programs used link analysis to find \u201ccommunities of interest,\" which connected signatures based on similarities in behavior. Link analysis require that linkages between data are continually updated, and are used to detect fraud networks.Link analysis, which can be... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subcountability-Set theories-The notion of size Subcountability as judgement of small size shall not be conflated with the standard mathematical definition of cardinality relations as defined by Cantor, with smaller cardinality being defined in terms of injections and equality of cardinalities being defined in terms o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Combinatory logic-Combinatory calculi-A more interesting combinator is the fixed point combinator or Y combinator, which can be used to implement recursion.\nCompleteness of the S-K basis S and K can be composed to produce combinators that are extensionally equal to any lambda term, and therefore, by Church's thesis, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Machine learning in bioinformatics-Machine learning approaches-Clustering Clustering - the partitioning of a data set into disjoint subsets, so that the data in each subset are as close as possible to each other and as distant as possible from data in any other subset, according to some defined distance or similarity ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P versus NP problem-Reasons to believe P \u2260 NP or P = NP-On the other hand, some researchers believe that there is overconfidence in believing P \u2260 NP and that researchers should explore proofs of P = NP as well. For example, in 2002 these statements were made: The main argument in favor of P \u2260 NP is the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
positive. This is partially proved by squaring both sides of the first condition eq. 3 and developing the square: (p1+p2+p3)2=(p12+p22+p32)+(2p1p2+2p2p3+2p1p3)=1 The term (p12+p22+p32) is equal to 1 by dint of the second condition eq. 3 and therefore the term with the mixed products should be zero. This is possible if... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bounded arithmetic-Correspondence to propositional proof systems-The correspondence was introduced by S. Cook.Informally, a \u03a01b statement \u2200x\u03a6(x) can be equivalently expressed as a sequence of formulas := \u2200x(|x|=n\u2192\u03a6(x)) . Since \u03a6n(x) is a coNP predicate, each \u03a6n(x) can be in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Probabilistic causation-Deterministic versus probabilistic theory-Philosophers such as Hugh Mellor and Patrick Suppes have defined causation in terms of a cause preceding and increasing the probability of the effect. (Additionally, Mellor claims that cause and effect are both facts - not events - since even a non-even... | large_corpus_distillation |
"XOR swap algorithm-The algorithm-However, in the pseudocode or high-level language version or implementation, the algorithm fails if x and y use the same storage location, since the value stored in that location will be zeroed out by the first XOR instruction, and then remain zero; it will not be \"swapped with itself... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ordered ring-Absolute value-If a is an element of an ordered ring R, then the absolute value of a , denoted |a| , is defined thus: := if otherwise , where \u2212a is the additive inverse of a and 0 is the additive identity element." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Language bioprogram theory-Syntactic similarities-By comparing Hawaiian Creole, Haitian Creole and Sranan, Bickerton identified twelve features which he believed to be integral to any creole:Bickerton (1984) Sentence structure: subject\u2013verb\u2013object word order, with similar mechanisms for using word order to a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rank of an elliptic curve-Upper bounds for the average rank-This shows that the rank of Sel p\u2061(E) , also called the p -Selmer rank of E , defined as the non-negative integer s such that Sel p\u2061(E)=ps , is an upper bound for the Mordell-Weil rank r of E(Q) . Therefore, if one can compute or obtain an up... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Type enforcement-Type enforcement-The concept of type enforcement (TE), in the field of information technology, is an access control mechanism for regulating access in computer systems. Implementing TE gives priority to mandatory access control (MAC) over discretionary access control (DAC). Access clearance is first g... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Free monoid-Examples-This isomorphism is compatible with \"+\", that is, for any two sequences s and t, if s is mapped (i.e. evaluated) to a number m and t to n, then their concatenation s+t is mapped to the sum m+n.\nKleene star In formal language theory, usually a finite set of \"symbols\" A (sometimes called the al... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Variable splitting-Details-For many problems, when the equality of the split variables is relaxed, then the system is decomposed, and each subsystem can be solved independently, at substantial reduction of computing time and memory storage. A solution to the relaxed problem (with variable splitting) provides an approx... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proof\nWe showed in Section 1 that if X and Y are indepedent then E(XY)=E(X)E(Y).\nHowever, the converse fails with a passion: Exercise (31) gives an example of two variables that are functionally related (the strongest form of\ndependence), yet uncorrelated. The computational exercises give other examples of dependen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Plural quantification-Formal definition-Model theory Plural logic's model theory/semantics is where the logic's lack of sets is cashed out. A model is defined as a tuple (D,V,s,R) where D is the domain, V is a collection of valuations VF for each predicate name F in the usual sense, and s is a Tarskian sequence ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Common Lisp-Condition system-These restarts, if unhandled by code, can be presented to users (as part of a user interface, that of a debugger for example), so that the user can select and invoke one of the available restarts. Since the condition handler is called in the context of the error (without unwinding the stac... | large_corpus_distillation |
numbers can be used, although here the absolute value sign indicates the complex norm: Higher dimensions In three dimensions, for points given by their Cartesian coordinates, the distance is In general, for points given by Cartesian coordinates in n -dimensional Euclidean space, the distance is The Euclidean distance ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"House-House-The social unit that lives in a house is known as a household. Most commonly, a household is a family unit of some kind, although households may also be other social groups, such as roommates or, in a rooming house, unconnected individuals. Some houses only have a dwelling space for one family or similar-s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Compartment (pharmacokinetics)-Compartment (pharmacokinetics)-In pharmacokinetics, a compartment is a defined volume of body fluids, typically of the human body, but also those of other animals with multiple organ systems. The meaning in this area of study is different from the concept of anatomic compartments, which ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Variance-Definition-The variance is also equivalent to the second cumulant of a probability distribution that generates X . The variance is typically designated as Var \u2061(X) , or sometimes as V(X) or V(X) , or symbolically as \u03c3X2 or simply \u03c32 (pronounced \"sigma squared\"). The expression for the v... | large_corpus_distillation |
be in the left subtree and will have a next bit of 0 , whereas Y will be in the right subtree and will have a next bit of 1 Suppose instead that, without loss of generality, the least common ancestor of X and Y is X , and that X has depth d . If Y is in the left subtree of X , then \u03c3(X) and \u03c3(Y) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fermat primality test-Concept-If we do pick an a such that mod n) then a is known as a Fermat witness for the compositeness of n." | large_corpus_distillation |
"CHSH inequality-Derivation-It would appear from both these later derivations that the only assumptions really needed for the inequality itself (as opposed to the method of estimation of the test statistic) are that the distribution of the possible states of the source remains constant and the detectors on the two side... | large_corpus_distillation |
problem.\n351. A window is composed of a semicircle placed on\n355. You are the manager of an apartment complex with\ntop of a rectangle. If you have 20ft of window-framing\n50 units. When you set rent at $800/month, all\nmaterialsfortheouterframe,whatisthemaximumsizeof\napartments are rented. As you increase rent by\n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"TestOps-TestOps vs. DevOps-DevOps is a broader, more inclusive concept that includes software feature planning, code development, testing, deployment, configuration, monitoring, and feedback. It was an attempt to integrate some of the disconnected toolchains. Testing is included in the broader DevOps methodology.\nTes... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pull-to-refresh-Creation-In the initial design of Tweetie\u2019s refresh mechanism, Brichter placed a refresh button at the top of the Tweet list because users typically expected new tweets to appear at the top of the page. This design rolled out in Tweetie Version 1.0. Although it provided users with the ability to r... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stack (C++)-Security-Malicious parties may attempt a stack smashing attack that takes advantage of this type of implementation by providing oversized data input to a program that does not check the length of input. Such a program may copy the data in its entirety to a location on the stack, and in so doing it may chan... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Leftist tree-S-value-The s-value (or rank) of a node is the distance from that node to the nearest empty position in the subtree rooted at that node. Put another way, the s-value of a null child is implicitly zero. Other nodes have an s-value equal to one more the minimum of their children's s-values. Thus, in the exa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hidden compartment-Hidden compartment-A hidden compartment or secret compartment is a compartment whose existence or access is not obvious at first glance, and can be used as a hiding place for objects or sometimes even for people." | large_corpus_distillation |
Calibration Error (TCE).A method used to assign scores to pairs of predicted probabilities and actual discrete outcomes, so that different predictive methods can be compared, is called a scoring rule." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nuclear space-Properties-The kernel theorem Much of the theory of nuclear spaces was developed by Alexander Grothendieck while investigating the Schwartz kernel theorem and published in (Grothendieck 1955). We have the following generalization of the theorem. Schwartz kernel theorem: Suppose that X is nuclear, Y is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polynomial evaluation-Specific polynomials-Other powers like x5 can similarly be computed efficiently by first computing x4 by 2 multiplications and then multiplying by x The most efficient way to compute a given power xn is provided by addition-chain exponentiation. However, this requires designing a specific alg... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Classification rule-Testing classification rules-Some classification rules are static functions. Others can be computer programs. A computer classifier can be able to learn or can implement static classification rules. For a training data-set, the true labels yj are unknown, but it is a prime target for the classifica... | large_corpus_distillation |
some sequential order of evaluation.\" (R5RS sec. 4.1.3) ev is a procedure that describes the argument passed to it, then returns the value of the argument. In contrast with other Lisps, the appearance of an expression in the operator position (the first item) of a Scheme expression is quite legal, as long as the resul... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Block cipher mode of operation-Common modes-Because of the symmetry of the XOR operation, encryption and decryption are exactly the same: Cj=Pj\u2295Oj, Pj=Cj\u2295Oj, Oj=EK(Ij), Ij=Oj\u22121, IV .\nEach output feedback block cipher operation depends on all previous ones, and so cannot be performed in parallel. Howeve... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Convolutional neural network-Regularization methods-An alternate view of stochastic pooling is that it is equivalent to standard max pooling but with many copies of an input image, each having small local deformations. This is similar to explicit elastic deformations of the input images, which delivers excellent perfo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary of baseball (G)-S-stayed alive When a batter who already has two strikes swings at but fouls off a pitch, he may be said to have \"stayed alive\". He (or his at bat) will live to see another pitch. Similarly, when a team that is facing elimination from the playoffs wins a game, it may be said to have \"stayed... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Paperpile-Functionality and features-Paperpile imports data from academic publisher websites and from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Books, and arXiv. Paperpile can retrieve and store publication PDF files to the user's Google Drive account. It formats citations and bibliographies in Google Docs, whi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Supervised learning-Generative training-The training methods described above are discriminative training methods, because they seek to find a function g that discriminates well between the different output values (see discriminative model). For the special case where f(x,y)=P(x,y) is a joint probability distribution... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decathlon scoring tables-1984 scoring tables-The IAAF working committee therefore met in 1983 in Prague to develop improved tables, putting forth the following nine principles, which still stand today: The decathlon scoring tables should differ from those used for individual event scoring.\nThe scores for different ev... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wi-Fi-Societal aspects-Wi-Fi networks have also affected how the interior of homes and hotels are arranged. For instance, architects have described that their clients no longer wanted only one room as their home office, but would like to work near the fireplace or have the possibility to work in different rooms. This ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Low-density parity-check code-Decoding-This procedure is then iterated. The new value for the fourth bit can now be used in conjunction with the first constraint to recover the first bit as seen below. This means that the first bit must be a one to satisfy the leftmost constraint.\nThus, the message can be decoded ite... | large_corpus_distillation |
Verify H\u00f6lder's inequality in the\nfollowing cases:\n1. j=k=2\n2. j=3, k= 3\n2\nAnswer\n1. \u2225X\u2225 2 \u2225Y\u2225 2 = 1 5 2\n2. \u2225X\u2225 3 +\u2225Y\u2225 3/2 \u22480.4248\nCounterexamples\nThe following exercise shows that convergence with probability 1 does not imply convergence in mean.\nSuppose that... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Markedness-In generative grammar-Markedness entered generative linguistic theory through Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle's The Sound Pattern of English. For Chomsky and Halle, phonological features went beyond a universal phonetic vocabulary to encompass an 'evaluation metric', a means of selecting the most highly value... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Synchronous dynamic random-access memory-Burst ordering-A modern microprocessor with a cache will generally access memory in units of cache lines. To transfer a 64-byte cache line requires eight consecutive accesses to a 64-bit DIMM, which can all be triggered by a single read or write command by configuring the SDRAM... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Friedmann\u2013Lema\u00eetre\u2013Robertson\u2013Walker metric-General metric-Alternatively, as before, k may be taken to belong to the set {\u22121 ,0, +1} (for negative, zero, and positive curvature respectively). Then r is unitless and a(t) has units of length. When k = \u00b11, a(t) is the radius of curvature of t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Server-side-Examples-In the case of distributed computing projects such as SETI@home and the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search, while the bulk of the operations occur on the client side, the servers are responsible for coordinating the clients, sending them data to analyze, receiving and storing results, providing ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Binary icosahedral group-Elements-Explicitly, the binary icosahedral group is given as the union of all even permutations of the following vectors: 8 even permutations of (\u00b11,0,0,0) 16 even permutations of (\u00b11/2,\u00b11/2,\u00b11/2,\u00b11/2) 96 even permutations of (0,\u00b11/2,\u00b11/2\u03d5,\u00b1\u03... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Info-metrics-The basic info-metrics problem-Consider the problem of modeling and inferring the unobserved probability distribution of some K-dimensional discrete random variable given just the mean (expected value) of that variable. We also know that the probabilities are nonnegative and normalized (i.e., sum up to ex... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Huber loss-Motivation-Two very commonly used loss functions are the squared loss, L(a)=a2 , and the absolute loss, L(a)=|a| . The squared loss function results in an arithmetic mean-unbiased estimator, and the absolute-value loss function results in a median-unbiased estimator (in the one-dimensional case, and a geo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"COSMIC functional size measurement-The applicability of the COSMIC functional size measurement method-Business Application Software This is software designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user. Examples of an application include a word processor, a spreadsheet... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Structural equation modeling-General steps and considerations-Some of the more commonly used fit statistics include Chi-square A fundamental test of fit used in the calculation of many other fit measures. It is a function of the discrepancy between the observed covariance matrix and the model-implied covariance matrix... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cache placement policies-Set-associative cache-Address 0x0004 (tag - 0b000_0000, index \u2013 0b0_0001, offset \u2013 0b00) corresponds to block 1 of the memory and maps to the set 1 of the cache. The block occupies a cache line in set 1, determined by the replacement policy for the cache.\nAddress 0x00FF (tag \u2013 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reliability (statistics)-Types-There are several general classes of reliability estimates: Inter-rater reliability assesses the degree of agreement between two or more raters in their appraisals. For example, a person gets a stomach ache and different doctors all give the same diagnosis.:\u200a71\u200a Test-retest rel... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C Sharp (programming language)-Common type system-Categories of data types CTS separates data types into two categories: Reference types Value typesInstances of value types neither have referential identity nor referential comparison semantics. Equality and inequality comparisons for value types compare the actual dat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quotient group-Examples-Example further explained...\nLet \u03b3(m) be the remainders of m\u2208Z when dividing by 2 . Then, \u03b3(m)=0 when m is even and \u03b3(m)=1 when m is odd.\nBy definition of \u03b3 , the kernel of \u03b3 , ker \u2061(\u03b3) ={m\u2208Z:\u03b3(m)=0} , is the set of all even integers... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Course-of-values recursion-Limitations-Indeed, every new value A(m+1, n) depends on the sequence of previously defined values A(i, j), but the i-s and j-s for which values should be included in this sequence depend themselves on previously computed values of the function; namely (i, j) = (m, A(m+1, n)). Thus one canno... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Memory management unit-Overview-Segmentation plus paging Some systems, such as the GE 645 and its successors, used both segmentation and paging. The table of segments, instead of containing per-segment entries giving the physical base address and length of the segment, contains entries giving the physical base address... | large_corpus_distillation |
"K-stability-Definition-The norm of a test configuration is defined by the expression \u2016(X,L)\u20162=c0\u2212b02a0.\nAccording to the analogy with the Hilbert-Mumford criterion, once one has a notion of deformation (test configuration) and weight on the central fibre (Donaldson-Futaki invariant), one can define a s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fermi (microarchitecture)-Warp scheduling-Note that 64-bit floating point operations consumes both the first two execution columns. This implies that an SM can issue up to 32 single-precision (32-bit) floating point operations or 16 double-precision (64-bit) floating point operations at a time.\nGigaThread Engine The ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rayleigh\u2013Ritz method-For matrix singular value problems-Compute the N\u00d7m matrix MW Compute the thin, or economy-sized, SVD MW=U\u03a3Vh, with N\u00d7m matrix U , m\u00d7m diagonal matrix \u03a3 , and m\u00d7m matrix Vh Compute the matrices of the Ritz left U=U and right Vh=VhW\u2217 singular vector... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid parity problem-Algorithms-For simple graphs, m is O(n2) , but for multigraphs, it may be larger, so it is also of interest to have algorithms with smaller or no dependence on m and worse dependence on n . In these cases, it is also possible to solve the graphic matroid parity problem in randomized expected... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Type safety-Type safety-In computer science, type safety and type soundness are the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors. Type safety is sometimes alternatively considered to be a property of facilities of a computer language; that is, some facilities are type-safe and their usage... | large_corpus_distillation |
attempt to define HTML as an SGML application, explicitly defining its own parsing rules, which more closely match existing implementations and documents. It does, however, define an alternative XHTML serialization, which conforms to XML and therefore to SGML as well." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Page fault-Page fault-In computing, a page fault (sometimes called PF or hard fault) is an exception that the memory management unit (MMU) raises when a process accesses a memory page without proper preparations. Accessing the page requires a mapping to be added to the process's virtual address space. Besides, the act... | large_corpus_distillation |
"-gry puzzle-Similar puzzles-There is a Russian puzzle which goes: \"There are three words in the Russian language which end in -zo. Two of them are zhelezo \"iron\" and puzo \"belly\". What is the third word?\" There is quite a handful of other nouns that end in -zo, in the Russian language, but most of them are fairl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Public-key cryptography-Applications-The most obvious application of a public key encryption system is for encrypting communication to provide confidentiality \u2013 a message that a sender encrypts using the recipient's public key which can be decrypted only by the recipient's paired private key.\nAnother application... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CDMA mobile test set-Technologies supported-A mobile test set should ideally support the following technologies: CDMA2000 WCDMA Bluetooth GSM 1xEVDO Analog TDMA " | large_corpus_distillation |
this method reduces to the gradient method, which is regarded as obsolete (for almost all problems).\nQuasi-Newton methods: Iterative methods for medium-large problems (e.g. N<1000).\nSimultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) method for stochastic optimization; uses random (efficient) gradient approxima... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tetrahedral symmetry-Chiral tetrahedral symmetry-T, 332, [3,3]+, or 23, of order 12 \u2013 chiral or rotational tetrahedral symmetry. There are three orthogonal 2-fold rotation axes, like chiral dihedral symmetry D2 or 222, with in addition four 3-fold axes, centered between the three orthogonal directions. This group... | large_corpus_distillation |
X) if fP =f.\nClearly if f is invariant, so that fP =f then fPn=f for all n\u2208N. If f is a probability density function, then so is fP.\nIf X 0 has probability density function f, then X n has probability density function fPn for n\u2208N.\nProof\nAgain, this follows easily from the definitions and a conditioning ar... | large_corpus_distillation |
hot inline path (fast path), and a larger cold non-inline path (slow path).Inlining hurting performance is primarily a problem for large functions that are used in many places, but the break-even point beyond which inlining reduces performance is difficult to determine and depends in general on precise load, so it can ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hash calendar-Distributed hash calendar-The Distributed hash calendar is a distributed network of hash calendar nodes. In order to ensure a high availability service it is possible to have multiple calendars in different physical locations all of which communicate with each other to ensure that each calendar contains ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zero page-Page addressing-In some processor architectures, like that of the Intel 4004 4-bit processor, memory was divided into (256 byte) pages and special precautions had to be taken when the control flow crossed page boundaries, as some machine instructions exhibited different behaviour if located in the last few i... | large_corpus_distillation |
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