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"English determiners-Determiners versus other lexical categories-The key difference between adjectives and determiners in English is that adjectives cannot function as determinatives. The determinative function is an element in NPs that is obligatory in most singular countable NPs and typically occurs before any modifi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matrix (mathematics)-Abstract algebraic aspects and generalizations-Empty matrix An empty matrix is a matrix in which the number of rows or columns (or both) is zero. Empty matrices help dealing with maps involving the zero vector space. For example, if A is a 3-by-0 matrix and B is a 0-by-3 matrix, then AB is the 3-b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software transactional memory-Proposed language support-One issue is how exceptions behave when they propagate outside of transactions. In \"Composable Memory Transactions\", the authors decided that this should abort the transaction, since exceptions normally indicate unexpected errors in Concurrent Haskell, but that... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spatial cloaking-Environment-Mobile environments Mobile devices have been considered as an essential tool for communication, and mobile computing has thus become a research interest in recent years. From online purchase to online banking, mobile devices have frequently been connected to service providers for online ac... | large_corpus_distillation |
"English phrasal verbs-Types-d. She takes after her mother. \u2013 after is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase after her mother.\ne. Sam passes for a linguist. \u2013 for is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase for a linguist.\nf. You should stand by your friend. \u2013 by is a pre... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lexical chain-About-Lexical chains are built according to a series of relationships between words in a text document. In the seminal work of Morris and Hirst they consider an external thesaurus (Roget's Thesaurus) as their lexical database to extract these relations. A lexical chain is formed by a sequence of words w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Syllogism-Existential import-The following problems arise: For example, if it is accepted that AiB is false if there are no As and AaB entails AiB, then AiB has existential import with respect to A, and so does AaB. Further, if it is accepted that AiB entails BiA, then AiB and AaB have existential import with respect ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Space\u2013time tradeoff-Types of tradeoff-Compressed vs. uncompressed data A space\u2013time trade off can be applied to the problem of data storage. If data is stored uncompressed, it takes more space but access takes less time than if the data were stored compressed (since compressing the data reduces the amount of... | large_corpus_distillation |
4.0.1 added nine new languages.Version 4.1 was released in April 2014. Various features lined up for 4.1 include comments on text ranges, IAccessible2, in-place editing of input fields, interactive cropping, importing pictures from files and other improvements. 4.1.1 (released 14 August 2014) fixed critical issues in 4... | large_corpus_distillation |
argued that in practice Nulls also end up being used as a quick way to patch an existing schema when it needs to evolve beyond its original intent, coding not for missing but rather for inapplicable information; for example, a database that quickly needs to support electric cars while having a miles-per-gallon column.C... | large_corpus_distillation |
moments of are ordinary arithmetic averages.\nk\u2208N\nFor\n1 n\nE(Xk)= \u2211xk (5.22.7)\nn i\ni=1\nIn particular,\nX\nThe mean and variance of are\n\u03bc= 1 \u2211n x\n1. n i=1 i\n\u03c32 = 1 \u2211n (x \u2212\u03bc)2\n2. n i=1 i\nUniform Distributions on Discrete Intervals\nR\nWe specialize further to the case whe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Left recursion-Pitfalls-Parsing with the second grammar gives which, properly interpreted, signifies 1 + (-2 + (-3)), also correct, but less faithful to the input and much harder to implement for some operators. Notice how terms to the right appear deeper in the tree, much as a right-recursive grammar would arrange th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quadratically constrained quadratic program-Relaxation-Semidefinite programming When P0, \u2026, Pm are all positive-definite matrices, the problem is convex and can be readily solved using interior point methods, as done with semidefinite programming." | large_corpus_distillation |
by suffocation in the same age group), see chart. Of these 86.6% were male, and the mean age was 13.3. 95.7% of these deaths occurred while the youth was alone; parents of the decedents were unaware of the game in 92.9% of cases. Deaths were recorded in 31 states and were not clustered by location, season or day of wee... | large_corpus_distillation |
polynomial f . Since m is a constant, hashing requires time log log log \u2061n) . They proved that the hash function family is collision resistant by showing that if there is a polynomial-time algorithm that succeeds with non-negligible probability in finding b\u2260b\u2032\u2208Dm such that h(b)=h(b\u2032) , for ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information-Information-Information can be encoded into various forms for transmission and interpretation (for example, information may be encoded into a sequence of signs, or transmitted via a signal). It can also be encrypted for safe storage and communication." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Temporal expressions-Temporal expressions-A temporal expression in a text is a sequence of tokens (words, numbers and characters) that denote time, that is express a point in time, a duration or a frequency. Examples: A point in time:He was born on <TIMEX>6 May, 1980</TIMEX>.\nA duration:The show lasted <TIMEX>7 minu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Standings-Strategies for handling ties-This method is called \"High\" by IBM SPSS and \"max\" by the R programming language in their methods to handle ties.\nDense ranking (\"1223\" ranking) In dense ranking, items that compare equally receive the same ranking number, and the next items receive the immediately followi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Natural language processing-Common NLP tasks-Semantic parsing Given a piece of text (typically a sentence), produce a formal representation of its semantics, either as a graph (e.g., in AMR parsing) or in accordance with a logical formalism (e.g., in DRT parsing). This challenge typically includes aspects of several m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Communicating finite-state machine-Definition-Problems It has been proved with the introduction of the concept itself that when two finite state machines communicate with only one type of messages, boundedness, deadlocks, and unspecified reception state can be decided and identified while such is not the case when the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Graph edit distance-Formal definitions and properties-edge substitution to change the label (or color) of a given edge.Additional, but less common operators, include operations such as edge splitting that introduces a new vertex into an edge (also creating a new edge), and edge contraction that eliminates vertices of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
256 . This can be contrasted with finite-field cryptography (e.g., DSA) which requires 3072-bit public keys and 256-bit private keys, and integer factorization cryptography (e.g., RSA) which requires a 3072-bit value of n, where the private key should be just as large. However, the public key may be smaller to accommod... | large_corpus_distillation |
"JavaScript-History-The rise of JScript In November 1996, Netscape submitted JavaScript to Ecma International, as the starting point for a standard specification that all browser vendors could conform to. This led to the official release of the first ECMAScript language specification in June 1997." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Command-line interface-Types-Operating system command-line interfaces Operating system (OS) command-line interfaces are usually distinct programs supplied with the operating system. A program that implements such a text interface is often called a command-line interpreter, command processor or shell." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tree measurement-Big tree formulas-For example, the Australian National Register of Big Trees uses the American Forests formula. The individual measurements are listed using both Imperial and metric values. Trees must be single-stemmed at 1.4m above ground where circumference is measured. They write that making the Au... | large_corpus_distillation |
"RISC-V-Rationale-The designers' primary assertion is that the instruction set is the key interface in a computer as it is situated at the interface between the hardware and the software. If a good instruction set were open and available for use by all, then it can dramatically reduce the cost of software by enabling f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MUSIC/SP-Features-File system The MUSIC/SP file system was unique in a number of respects. There was a single system-wide file index. The owner's userid and the file name were hashed to locate the file in this index, so any file on the system could be located with a single I/O operation. However, this presented a flat... | large_corpus_distillation |
the examples at mu recursive functions\u2014even the simplest truncated subtraction algorithm \"x - y = d\" can yield, for the undefined cases when x < y, (1) no termination, (2) no numbers (i.e. something wrong with the format so the yield is not considered a natural number), or (3) deceit: wrong numbers in the correc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hacking: The Art of Exploitation-Content of 2nd edition-Nonexecutable StackMost applications do not use the stack for any type of executing. One defense is to make the stack non-executable so that buffer overflows cannot be used in the exploitation of the program. This defense is very effective for stopping the use of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cuneiform (programming language)-Parallel execution-Cuneiform is a purely functional language, i.e., it does not support mutable references. In the consequence, it can use subterm-independence to divide a program into parallelizable portions. The Cuneiform scheduler distributes these portions to worker nodes. In addit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Broadcasting (networking)-Overview-Broadcasting may be performed as all scatter in which each sender performs its own scatter in which the messages are distinct for each receiver, or all broadcast in which they are the same.The MPI message passing method which is the de facto standard on large computer clusters includ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"RSA numbers-RSA-460-RSA-460 has 460 decimal digits (1,526 bits), and has not been factored so far.\nRSA-460 = 1786856020404004433262103789212844585886400086993882955081051578507634807524 1464078819812169681394445771476334608488687746254318292828603396149562623036 3564554675355258128655971003201417831521222464468666642... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mining software repositories-Techniques-Coupled Change Analysis The idea in coupled change analysis is that developers change code entities (e.g. files) together frequently for fixing defects or introducing new features. These couplings between the entities are often not made explicit in the code or other documents. E... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finite intersection property-Families of examples and non-examples-Extension of the ground set The (strong) finite intersection property is a characteristic of the family {\\textstyle {\\mathcal {A}}} , not the ground set {\\textstyle X} . If a family {\\textstyle {\\mathcal {A}}} on the set {\\textstyle X} admits... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lasso (statistics)-Basic form-Therefore, the lasso estimates share features of both ridge and best subset selection regression since they both shrink the magnitude of all the coefficients, like ridge regression and set some of them to zero, as in the best subset selection case. Additionally, while ridge regression sca... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fair cake-cutting-Justice requirements-A procedure by Aziz and Mackenzie (2016) finds an envy-free division for n people in a bounded number of queries.The negative result in the general case is much weaker than in the connected case. All we know is that every algorithm for envy-free division must use at least \u03a9(... | large_corpus_distillation |
of a technique for cryptanalyzing polyalphabetic cyphers.\nEtienne Bazeries, Les Chiffres secrets d\u00e9voil\u00e9s (\"Secret ciphers unveiled\") about 1900.\n\u00c9mile Victor Th\u00e9odore Myszkowski, Cryptographie ind\u00e9chiffrable: bas\u00e9e sur de nouvelles combinaisons rationelles (\"Unbreakable cryptography\... | large_corpus_distillation |
to include disagreements between coders\u2019 individual predilections for particular categories, punishes coders who agree on their use of categories, and rewards those who do not agree with higher kappa-values. This is the cause of other noted oddities of kappa. The statistical independence of coders is only marginal... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)-Type identifiers-^b declarations of single precision often are not honored ^c The value of n is provided by the SELECTED_REAL_KIND intrinsic function.\n^d ALGOL 68G's runtime option --precision \"number\" can set precision for long long reals to the required \"n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gaussian integer-Gaussian primes-It follows that there are three cases for the factorization of a prime number p in the Gaussian integers: If p is congruent to 3 modulo 4, then it is a Gaussian prime; in the language of algebraic number theory, p is said to be inert in the Gaussian integers." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Advanced Encryption Standard-Description of the ciphers-The MixColumns step In the MixColumns step, the four bytes of each column of the state are combined using an invertible linear transformation. The MixColumns function takes four bytes as input and outputs four bytes, where each input byte affects all four output ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Poisson point process-Overview of definitions-Depending on the setting, the process has several equivalent definitions as well as definitions of varying generality owing to its many applications and characterizations. The Poisson point process can be defined, studied and used in one dimension, for example, on the real... | large_corpus_distillation |
parameters and their conditional valuations. The following key elements distinguish the modified weight function from the criterion of optimality: First and foremost, the weight function includes not only material parameters as independent (controlling) variables, but also positional (relational) parameters." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spreadability-Prerequisites-This new culture began at the beginning of the second millennium when the internet became an interactive space. This means there was a need for a platform or platforms where users could contribute and share information. Belk says this is how the \"Internet and especially Web 2.0 has brought... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modulo operation-Performance issues-Optimizations for general constant-modulus operations also exist by calculating the division first using the constant-divisor optimization." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear density-Linear density-The term linear density is most often used when describing the characteristics of one-dimensional objects, although linear density can also be used to describe the density of a three-dimensional quantity along one particular dimension. Just as density is most often used to mean mass densi... | large_corpus_distillation |
Ys is the marginal distribution of the leading s elements of Xp In the above, the degrees of freedom parameter \u03bd remains invariant throughout and all vectors must ultimately derive from one initial isotropic spherical vector Z whose elements are not statistically independent. Adding two sample multivariate t v... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Atlas Autocode-Syntax-The syntax for expressions let the multiplication operator be omitted, e.g., 3a was treated as 3*a, and a(i+j) was treated as a*(i+j) if a was not an array. In ambiguous uses, the longest possible name was taken (maximal munch), for example ab was not treated as a*b, whether or not a and b had be... | large_corpus_distillation |
origin and extending to the respective points of interest, and then measuring the angle between these lines, one can determine the similarity between the associated points. Cosine similarity is less affected by document length, so it may be better at producing medoids that are representative of the content of a cluster... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stock photography-History-Expansion and transition online (1980s\u20131990s) By the 1980s, stock photography had become a specialty in its own right, with the stock industry advancing quickly. As photo libraries transitioned from physical archives to servers in the mid-1990s, \"stock libraries\" were increasingly call... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reserved word-Distinction-The sets of reserved words and keywords in a language often coincide or are almost equal, and the distinction is subtle, so the terms are often used interchangeably. However, in careful use they are distinguished." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finite-state machine-Classification-Classifiers Classifiers are a generalization of acceptors that produce n-ary output where n is strictly greater than two.\nTransducers Transducers produce output based on a given input and/or a state using actions. They are used for control applications and in the field of computati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Duality (optimization)-Dual problem-In general given two dual pairs of separated locally convex spaces (X,X\u2217) and (Y,Y\u2217) and the function f:X\u2192R\u222a{+\u221e} , we can define the primal problem as finding x^ such that inf x\u2208Xf(x).\nIn other words, if x^ exists, f(x^) is the minimum of the fu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Branches of science-Formal sciences-The word statistics, when referring to the scientific discipline, is singular, as in \"Statistics is an art.\" This should not be confused with the word statistic, referring to a quantity (such as mean or median) calculated from a set of data, whose plural is statistics (\"this stat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Laser peening-Laser peening systems-The initial laser systems used during the development of laser peening were large research lasers providing high-energy pulses at very low pulse frequencies. Since the mid-late 1990s, lasers designed specifically for laser peening featured steadily smaller size and higher pulse freq... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Variable-order Markov model-Example-To construct the Markov chain of order 1 for the next character in that string, one must estimate the following 9 conditional probability components: Pr(a | a), Pr(a | b), Pr(a | c), Pr(b | a), Pr(b | b), Pr(b | c), Pr(c | a), Pr(c | b), Pr(c | c). To construct the Markov chain of o... | large_corpus_distillation |
defunct Internet service Randnet, but it was a commercial failure and was released only in Japan." | large_corpus_distillation |
"External memory graph traversal-External memory depth-first search-The difficulty is to determine whether a node is unvisited without doing \u03a9(1) I/Os per edge. To do this for a node v incoming edges (x,v) are put into a BRT D, when v is first discovered. Further, outgoing edges (v,x) are put into a priority queu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"6.867 Machine learning, lecture 21 (Jaakkola) 2\noutcome of the comparison is a binary (011) variable x3 =6(x1, x2). Based on the problem\ndescription we can easily write down a joint probability distribution over the three variables\nwhere P(xl) = 0.5, x1 t (0, I), P(x2) = 0.5, x2 t (0, I), and P(x3 = llxlrx2) = 1 if... | large_corpus_distillation |
e. , perils) that may result in losses. Examples are flooding, sabotage and fraud. 5. An assertion primarily concerning entities of the external environment (agents); we say that an agent (or class of agents) poses a threat to one or more assets; we write: T(e;i) where: e is an external entity; i is an internal entity ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subtyping-Subsumption-If T subsumes S (T :> S) then a procedure, function or expression given a value s\u2208S as an operand (parameter value or term) will therefore be able to operate over that value as one of type T, because s\u2208T . In the example above, we could expect the function ofSubfamily to be applicable... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u03b5\u1f30 (ei) \"if\" also frequently introduces an indirect question." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integrated nested Laplace approximations-Latent Gaussian models-Let y=(y1,\u2026,yn) denote the response variable (that is, the observations) which belongs to an exponential family, with the mean \u03bci (of yi ) being linked to a linear predictor \u03b7i via an appropriate link function. The linear predictor can ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data type-Data type-In computer science and computer programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible values, a set of allowed operations on these values, and/or a representation of these values as machine types. A data type specification in a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hash-based cryptography-Properties of hash-based signature schemes-Hash-based signature schemes rely on security assumptions about the underlying hash function, but any hash function fulfilling these assumptions can be used. As a consequence, each adequate hash function yields a different corresponding hash-based sign... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generalized eigenvector-Generalized modal matrix-Let A be an n \u00d7 n matrix. A generalized modal matrix M for A is an n \u00d7 n matrix whose columns, considered as vectors, form a canonical basis for A and appear in M according to the following rules: All Jordan chains consisting of one vector (that is, one v... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Binary search algorithm-Binary search versus other schemes-Linear search Linear search is a simple search algorithm that checks every record until it finds the target value. Linear search can be done on a linked list, which allows for faster insertion and deletion than an array. Binary search is faster than linear sea... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bug (engineering)-History-The term \"bug\" was used in an account by computer pioneer Grace Hopper, who publicized the cause of a malfunction in an early electromechanical computer. A typical version of the story is: In 1946, when Hopper was released from active duty, she joined the Harvard Faculty at the Computation ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Chinese whispers (clustering method)-Chinese whispers (clustering method)-Chinese whispers is a clustering method used in network science named after the famous whispering game. Clustering methods are basically used to identify communities of nodes or links in a given network. This algorithm was designed by Chris Biem... | large_corpus_distillation |
Patefacta, or Art of Secret Information Disclosed Without a Key. One of the earliest English texts on cryptography." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Failure assessment-Introduction-All inputs (including software commands) to the item being analyzed are present and at nominal values.\nAll consumables are present in sufficient quantities.\nNominal power is available Benefits Major benefits derived from a properly implemented FMECA effort are as follows: It provides ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of word processors-Characteristics-This table gives characteristics of each word processor." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Naive Bayes spam filtering-Mathematical foundation-More generally, the words that were encountered only a few times during the learning phase cause a problem, because it would be an error to trust blindly the information they provide. A simple solution is to simply avoid taking such unreliable words into account as we... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Semantics encoding-Properties-soundness For every terms TA1,TA2 of language A, if TA1\u27f6\u2217TA2 then [TA1]\u27f6\u2217[TA2] completeness For every term TA1 of language A and every terms TB2 of language B, if [TA1]\u27f6\u2217TB2 then there exists some TA2 such that TB2=[TA2] .This preservation guarantees ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Digital Postmarks-Electronic postmarks-The United States Postal Service (USPS) Electronic Postmark (EPM\u00a9) is a proprietary variation of the Digital Postmark issued by the USPS. It was introduced in 1996 by the U.S. Postal Service as a service offering that provides proof of integrity and authentication for electr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"UNITY (programming language)-Examples-Program bubblesort declare n: integer, A: array [0..n-1] of integer initially n = 20 # <|| i : 0 <= i and i < n :: A[i] = rand() % 100 > assign <# k : 0 <= k < 2 :: <|| i : i % 2 = k and 0 <= i < n - 1 :: A[i], A[i+1] := A[i+1], A[i] if A[i] > A[i+1] > > end Rank-sort You can sor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Phosphoryl fluoride-Phosphoryl fluoride-Phosphoryl fluoride (commonly called phosphorus oxyfluoride) is a compound with the chemical formula POF3. It is a colorless gas that hydrolyzes rapidly." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Commutator subgroup-Definition-It follows from this definition that any element of [G,G] is of the form [g1,h1]\u22ef[gn,hn] for some natural number n , where the gi and hi are elements of G. Moreover, since ([g1,h1]\u22ef[gn,hn])s=[g1s,h1s]\u22ef[gns,hns] , the commutator subgroup is normal in G. For any homomorph... | large_corpus_distillation |
also used to illustrate 9. Definition below) asp \u2283 q .=. ~ p \u2228 q Df. (PM 1962:11) and logical product defined as p . q .=. ~(~p \u2228 ~q) Df. (PM 1962:12) Equivalence: Logical equivalence, not arithmetic equivalence: \"\u2261\" given as a demonstration of how the symbols are used, i.e., \"Thus ' p \u2261 q '... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cloud printing-Benefits-For IT department, Cloud Printing eliminates the need for print servers and represents the only way to print from Cloud virtual desktops and servers. For consumers, cloud ready printers eliminate the need for PC connections and print drivers, enabling them to print from mobile devices. As for p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear equation over a ring-Over the integers or a principal ideal domain-The main case where this is commonly used is the case of linear systems over the ring of univariate polynomials over a field. In this case, the extended Euclidean algorithm may be used for computing the above unimodular matrix; see Polynomial gr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Examples of Markov chains-Discrete-time-The distribution over states can be written as a stochastic row vector x with the relation x(n + 1) = x(n)P. So if at time n the system is in state x(n), then three time periods later, at time n + 3 the distribution is x(n+3)=x(n+2)P=(x(n+1)P)P=x(n+1)P2=(x(n)P)P2=x(n)P3 In parti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Annotated bibliography-Types of annotations-They summarise all relevant information about the author and the main points of the work.\nTo write an informative annotation, begin by writing the thesis; then develop it with the argument or hypothesis, list the proofs, and state the conclusion Indicative annotated bibliog... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clique percolation method-Definitions-Clique Graph Generalizations Clique percolation methods may be generalized by recording different amounts of overlap between the various k-cliques. This then defines a new type of graph, a clique graph, where each k-clique in the original graph is represented by a vertex in the ne... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Diceware-Diceware-The above calculations of the Diceware algorithm's entropy assume that, as recommended by Diceware's author, each word is separated by a space. If, instead, words are simply concatenated, the calculated entropy is slightly reduced due to redundancy; for example, the three-word Diceware phrases \"in p... | large_corpus_distillation |
using log \u2061(1\u03c4)) comparisons to find all items in an array whose relative frequencies are greater than some threshold 0<\u03c4<1 . A range \u03c4 -majority query is one that, given a subrange of a data structure (for example an array) of size |R| , returns the set of all distinct items that appear more th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clustering coefficient-Clustering coefficient-Two versions of this measure exist: the global and the local. The global version was designed to give an overall indication of the clustering in the network, whereas the local gives an indication of the embeddedness of single nodes." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Attribute hierarchy method-Example of items aligned to the attributes in a hierarchy-Attribute A2 represents knowledge about the property of factors. An example of an item that measures this attribute is \"If (p + 1)(t \u2013 3) = 0 and p is positive, what is the value of t?\u201d The examinee must know the property t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"FitNesse-Principles of FitNesse-FitNesse testing is based around the notation of black-box testing, in which a system under test is considered to be a black box and is tested in terms of the outputs generated in response to predetermined inputs. A functional tester is responsible for designing the tests in a functiona... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Windows Installer-Logical structure of packages-A package includes the package logic and other metadata that relates to how the package executes when running. For example, changing an EXE file in the product may require the ProductCode or ProductVersion to be changed for the release management. However, merely changin... | large_corpus_distillation |
and stream-reach lengths all play a role here. The result can be an additive effect (i.e. a large flood if each subcatchment's respective hydrograph peak arrives at the watershed mouth at the same point in time, thereby effectively causing a \"stacking\" of the hydrograph peaks), or a more distributed-in-time effect (i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wasserstein GAN-Training Wasserstein GANs-Training the generator in Wasserstein GAN is just gradient descent, the same as in GAN (or most deep learning methods), but training the discriminator is different, as the discriminator is now restricted to have bounded Lipschitz norm. There are several methods for this.\nUppe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ISO/IEC 9797-1-Specific algorithms-MAC algorithm 6 This algorithm comprises two parallel instances of MAC algorithm 4. The final MAC is the bitwise exclusive-or of the MACs generated by each instance of algorithm 4.Each instance of algorithm 4 uses a different key pair (K and K\u2032) but those four keys are derived f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P versus NP problem-Logical characterizations-Consider all languages of finite structures with a fixed signature including a linear order relation. Then, all such languages in P can be expressed in first-order logic with the addition of a suitable least fixed-point combinator. Effectively, this, in combination with th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Behavioral clustering-Traditional versus behavioral clustering-After placing each store in a cluster, individual consumer-centric strategies can then be created to facilitate targeted marketing, advertising, merchandising, pricing, and promotion plans. In addition, once store groups are formed, retailers and manufactu... | large_corpus_distillation |
quantified sentences: iff there is an such that A\u22a8\u03d5[a] iff every is such that A\u22a8\u03d5[a] In other words, an existential quantification of the open formula \u03c6 is true in a model iff there is some element in the domain (of the model) that satisfies the formula; i.e. iff that element has the proper... | large_corpus_distillation |
flooding of low water crossings, small creeks and streams, urban areas, highways, streets and underpasses.\n* Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...\nBodfish, Lake Isabella, Riverkern, Kernville and Wofford Heights.\nMove to higher ground now! This is an extremely dangerous and life-threatening s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"KNX-Architecture-Application software, together with system topology and commissioning software, is loaded onto the devices via a system interface component. Installed systems can be accessed via LAN, point to point links, or phone networks for central or distributed control of the system via computers, tablets and to... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inode-Etymology-There has been uncertainty on the Linux kernel mailing list about the reason for the \"i\" in \"inode\". In 2002, the question was brought to Unix pioneer Dennis Ritchie, who replied: In truth, I don't know either. It was just a term that we started to use. \"Index\" is my best guess, because of the sl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lindsey\u2013Fox algorithm-The Lindsey\u2013Fox algorithm-The Lindsey\u2013Fox algorithm uses the FFT (fast Fourier transform) to very efficiently conduct a grid search in the complex plane to find accurate approximations to the N roots (zeros) of an Nth-degree polynomial. The power of this grid search allows a new po... | large_corpus_distillation |
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