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"Tensor sketch-Variations-It can be proved that combining c dimensionality reductions like this only increases \u03b5 by a factor c Fast constructions The fast Johnson\u2013Lindenstrauss transform is a dimensionality reduction matrix Given a matrix M\u2208Rk\u00d7d , computing the matrix vector product Mx takes k... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software testing tactics-Security testing-Security testing is essential for software that processes confidential data to prevent system intrusion by hackers.\nThe International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines this as a \"type of testing conducted to evaluate the degree to which a test item, and associat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Precision and recall-Definition-For classification tasks, the terms true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives (see Type I and type II errors for definitions) compare the results of the classifier under test with trusted external judgments. The terms positive and negative refer to the classif... | large_corpus_distillation |
functions is from our library of toolkit functions, so we know their shapes. We can imagine\ngraphing each function and then limiting the graph to the indicated domain. At the endpoints of the domain, we draw\nopen circles to indicate where the endpoint is not included because of a less-than or greater-than inequality;... | large_corpus_distillation |
of PageRank has recently been proposed as a replacement for the traditional Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) impact factor, and implemented at Eigenfactor as well as at SCImago. Instead of merely counting total citations to a journal, the \"importance\" of each citation is determined in a PageRank fashion." | large_corpus_distillation |
"BillGuard-Products-In July 2013, BillGuard released a free iPhone app that encourages users to take a more active role in monitoring their charges than the company's previous \u2018set and forget\u2019 web application. In May 2014, BillGuard released a free Android app.BillGuard sends personalized data breach alerts t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pathfinding-Algorithms-The more complicated problem is finding the optimal path. The exhaustive approach in this case is known as the Bellman\u2013Ford algorithm, which yields a time complexity of O(|V||E|) , or quadratic time. However, it is not necessary to examine all possible paths to find the optimal one. Algori... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Slide attack-Slide attack-The attack was first described by David Wagner and Alex Biryukov. Bruce Schneier first suggested the term slide attack to them, and they used it in their 1999 paper describing the attack.\nThe only requirements for a slide attack to work on a cipher is that it can be broken down into multiple... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sierpi\u0144ski number-Simultaneously Sierpi\u0144ski and Riesel-A number may be simultaneously Sierpi\u0144ski and Riesel. These are called Brier numbers. The smallest five known examples are 3316923598096294713661, 10439679896374780276373, 11615103277955704975673, 12607110588854501953787, 17855036657007596110949, ..... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Deniable encryption-Forms of deniable encryption-LibreCrypt and BestCrypt can have many hidden volumes in a container; TrueCrypt is limited to one hidden volume.\nDetection The existence of hidden encrypted data may be revealed by flaws in the implementation. It may also be revealed by a so-called watermarking attack ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Markovian arrival process-Definition-A Markov arrival process is defined by two matrices, D0 and D1 where elements of D0 represent hidden transitions and elements of D1 observable transitions. The block matrix Q below is a transition rate matrix for a continuous-time Markov chain.\nQ=[D0D100\u20260D0D10\u202600D0D1\u2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile phone tracking-Technology-GSM localization uses multilateration to determine the location of GSM mobile phones, or dedicated trackers, usually with the intent to locate the user.The accuracy of network-based techniques varies, with cell identification being the least accurate (due to differential signals transp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bootstrapping-Applications-Computing In computer technology, the term bootstrapping refers to language compilers that are able to be coded in the same language. (For example, a C compiler is now written in the C language. Once the basic compiler is written, improvements can be iteratively made, thus pulling the langua... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel-independent component analysis-Kernel-independent component analysis-In statistics, kernel-independent component analysis (kernel ICA) is an efficient algorithm for independent component analysis which estimates source components by optimizing a generalized variance contrast function, which is based on represen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nobody (username)-Uses-It was once common to run daemons as nobody, especially on servers, in order to limit the damage that could be done by a malicious user who gained control of them. However, the usefulness of this technique is reduced if more than one daemon is run like this, because then gaining control of one d... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u00a7 Present value approach). Interest rate risks can be hedged using Interest rate derivatives such as interest rate swaps; sensitivities here are measured using duration and convexity for bonds, and DV01 and key rate durations generally. At the portfolio level, cash-flow risks are typically managed via immunization... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CBC-MAC-Security with fixed and variable-length messages-If the block cipher used is secure (meaning that it is a pseudorandom permutation), then CBC-MAC is secure for fixed-length messages. However, by itself, it is not secure for variable-length messages. Thus, any single key must only be used for messages of a fixe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Artin\u2013Hasse exponential-Conjectures-At the 2002 PROMYS program, Keith Conrad conjectured that the coefficients of Ep(x) are uniformly distributed in the p-adic integers with respect to the normalized Haar measure, with supporting computational evidence. The problem is still open.\nDinesh Thakur has also posed th... | large_corpus_distillation |
constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern) (specified by JSR 201) Varargs: the last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext(String... lines)); in the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are ... | large_corpus_distillation |
said to be isometrically isomorphic. From the standpoint of metric space theory, isometrically isomorphic spaces are identical.\nIsometry If (M1, d1) and (M2, d2) are metric spaces, an isometry from M1 to M2 is a function f : M1 \u2192 M2 such that d2(f(x), f(y)) = d1(x, y) for all x, y in M1. Every isometry is injecti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"K-nearest neighbors algorithm-K-nearest neighbors algorithm-A peculiarity of the k-NN algorithm is that it is sensitive to the local structure of the data." | large_corpus_distillation |
room as well as in the common areas), provide free condoms and lubricants, and often require patrons to affirm that they will only have safer sex on the premises." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Betweenness-Complexity-Opatrn\u00fd (1979) showed that the decision version of the betweenness problem (in which an algorithm must decide whether or not there exists a valid solution) is NP-complete in two ways, by a reduction from 3-satisfiability and also by a different reduction from hypergraph 2-coloring. However,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Forking lemma-Statement of the lemma-This is the essence of the proof given by Pointcheval and Stern for a modified ElGamal signature scheme against an adaptive adversary." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conditioning (probability)-Conditioning on the level of measure theory-Conditional expectation The conditional expectation E(Y|X) may be defined as the best predictor of Y given X. That is, it minimizes the mean square error E(Y\u2212h(X))2 on the class of all random variables of the form h(X).\nIn the case f = f1 t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MTD(f)-Origin-The name MTD(f) stands for Memory-enhanced Test Driver, referencing Judea Pearl's Test algorithm, which performs Zero-Window Searches. MTD(f) is described in depth in Aske Plaat's 1996 PhD thesis." | large_corpus_distillation |
"KNX-Devices-A KNX installation always consists of a set of devices connected to the bus or network. Device models vary according to node roles, capabilities, management features and configuration modes, and are all laid down in the profiles. There are also general-purpose device models, such as for bus coupling units ... | large_corpus_distillation |
used in defense of surface positions.) Series fuze combinations minimize early function by detonating at the latest activation of the individual components. Series combinations are useful for safety arming devices, but increase the percentage of late and dud munitions. Parallel fuze combinations minimize duds by detona... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pointwise mutual information-Applications-PMI could be used in various disciplines e.g. in information theory, linguistics or chemistry (in profiling and analysis of chemical compounds). In computational linguistics, PMI has been used for finding collocations and associations between words. For instance, countings of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Artificial neural network-History-In computer experiments conducted by Amari's student Saito, a five layer MLP with two modifiable layers learned useful internal representations to classify non-linearily separable pattern classes.Self-organizing maps (SOMs) were described by Teuvo Kohonen in 1982. SOMs are neurophysio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Grammatical number-Number agreement-In some cases, the number marking on a verb with a collective subject may express the degree of collectivity of action: The committee are discussing the matter (the individual members are discussing the matter), but the committee has decided on the matter (the committee has acted as... | large_corpus_distillation |
log-likelihood function\nk\nrelative to this parameter has to be exactly \u03bb. If parameter \u03b8 is irrelevant then the\nk\nconditional log-likelihood is unlikely to be affected much by the parameter, keeping the\nslope very small. In this case, \u03b8 would be set exactly to zero. The larger the value of \u03bb,\n... | large_corpus_distillation |
vertices.\nIf ln \u2061nn , then a graph in G(n, p) will almost surely contain isolated vertices, and thus be disconnected.\nIf ln \u2061nn , then a graph in G(n, p) will almost surely be connected.Thus ln \u2061nn is a sharp threshold for the connectedness of G(n, p)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Recursion (computer science)-Recursion versus iteration-Stack space In some programming languages, the maximum size of the call stack is much less than the space available in the heap, and recursive algorithms tend to require more stack space than iterative algorithms. Consequently, these languages sometimes place a l... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear search-Application-When many values have to be searched in the same list, it often pays to pre-process the list in order to use a faster method. For example, one may sort the list and use binary search, or build an efficient search data structure from it. Should the content of the list change frequently, repeat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parallel task scheduling-Computational hardness-This problem is NP-hard even when there are only two machines and the sizes of all jobs are qj=1 (i.e., each job needs to run only on a single machine). This special case, denoted by max , is a variant of the partition problem, which is known to be NP-hard." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multi Protocol File System-Description-MPFS technology is intended for HPC (High Performance Computing) environments in which multiple compute nodes require concurrent access to data sets. This technology can be used to store and access data for grid computing, where the individual computing power of many systems is c... | large_corpus_distillation |
rules.\nLinear grammars have no rules with more than one nonterminal on the right-hand side." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Oracle Data Mining-Input sources and data preparation-Most Oracle Data Mining functions accept as input one relational table or view. Flat data can be combined with transactional data through the use of nested columns, enabling mining of data involving one-to-many relationships (e.g. a star schema). The full functiona... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multitier programming-Context-The code of the different tiers can be executed in a distributed manner on different networked computers. For instance, in a three-tier architecture, a system is divided into three main layers \u2013 typically the presentation, business, and data tiers. This approach has the benefit that ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linker (computing)-Overview-The linker also takes care of arranging the objects in a program's address space. This may involve relocating code that assumes a specific base address into another base. Since a compiler seldom knows where an object will reside, it often assumes a fixed base location (for example, zero). R... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational trust-Computational trust-In information security, computational trust is the generation of trusted authorities or user trust through cryptography. In centralised systems, security is typically based on the authenticated identity of external parties. Rigid authentication mechanisms, such as public key in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ASN.1-ASN.1-Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) is a standard interface description language for defining data structures that can be serialized and deserialized in a cross-platform way. It is broadly used in telecommunications and computer networking, and especially in cryptography.Protocol developers define data st... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interaction nets-Non-deterministic extension-Interaction nets are essentially deterministic and cannot model non-deterministic computations directly. In order to express non-deterministic choice, interaction nets need to be extended. In fact, it is sufficient to introduce just one agent amb with two principal ports a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Medoid-Medoids in text and natural language processing (NLP)-Techniques for measuring text similarity in medoid-based clustering When applying medoid-based clustering to text data, it is essential to choose an appropriate similarity measure to compare documents effectively. Each technique has its advantages and limita... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Oblivious RAM-ORAM constructions-Overflow Lemma There exists a negligible function \u03bc such that for every program \u03a0, every n and input x, the program \u03a0\u2032(n,x) outputs overflow with probability at most \u03bc(n) Computational and memory overheads During each Oread and Owrite operation, two random ro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quasiconvexity (calculus of variations)-Relations to other notions of convexity-In the vectorial case of the Calculus of Variations there are other notions of convexity. For a function f:Rm\u00d7d\u2192R it holds that These notions are all equivalent if d=1 or m=1 . Already in 1952, Morrey conjectured that rank-1-... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Micromanagement (gameplay)-Controversy-Micromanagement can divert the player's attention from grand strategy by overloading the player with repetitive and mechanical work. Some commentators think that \"Strategy is irrelevant in today\u2019s real-time strategy games when you\u2019re playing against a fourteen-year-old... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tic-tac-toe-Strategy-If X plays the center opening move, O should take a corner, and then follow the above list of priorities, mainly paying attention to block forks.When X plays corner first, and O is not a perfect player, the following may happen: If O responds with a center mark (best move for them), a perfect X pl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Indexed file-Language support-The COBOL language supports indexed files with the following command in the FILE CONTROL section ORGANIZATION IS INDEXED IBM PL/I uses the file attribute ENVIRONMENT(INDEXED) or ENVIRONMENT(VSAM) to declare an indexed file." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Asynchronous I/O-Forms-Light-weight processes or threads Light-weight processes (LWPs) or threads are available in more modern Unixes, originating in Plan 9 . Like the process method, but without the data isolation that hampers coordination of the flows. This lack of isolation introduces its own problems, usually requ... | large_corpus_distillation |
is an extension of RULES-5 that handles not only continuous attributes but also continuous classes. A new rule space representation scheme was also integrated to produce an extended version called RULES-F+ [9].\nRULES-SRI [12] is another scalable RULES algorithm, developed to improve RULES-6 scalability.\nRule Extracto... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Channel system (computer science)-Variants-Given a message m and a channel c , a run is said to be impartial with respect to c and m if, assuming there are infinitely many steps in which m is sent to c then there are infinitely many steps in which m is read from c . :\u200a83\u200aA computation is said to be i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Embeddable Common Lisp-Embeddable Common Lisp-Embeddable Common Lisp (ECL) is a small implementation of the ANSI Common Lisp programming language that can be used stand-alone or embedded in extant applications written in C. It creates OS-native executables and libraries (i.e. Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) files... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary of group theory-O-orbit Consider a group G acting on a set X. The orbit of an element x in X is the set of elements in X to which x can be moved by the elements of G. The orbit of x is denoted by G\u22c5x order of a group The order of a group (G,\u2217) is the cardinality (i.e. number of elements) of G . A ... | large_corpus_distillation |
and Cleveland. Moreover, in Canada, the cities of Moose Jaw and Regina will be directly north of the path, but not in it." | large_corpus_distillation |
not affect the magnitude.\nIn term of the odds ratio OR, Yule's Q is given by Q=OR\u22121OR+1.\nand so Yule's Q and Yule's Y are related by Q=2Y1+Y2, Y=1\u22121\u2212Q2Q." | large_corpus_distillation |
practice, self-explanation, and elaborative interrogation can be useful but need more research. Summarization can be useful for individuals trained how to use to get the most from it. Keyword mnemonics and imagery for text have been somewhat helpful but the effects are often short lived. However, if each of these metho... | large_corpus_distillation |
"\uf303 Definition: direction angles\nThe angles formed by a nonzero vector and the coordinate axes are called the direction angles for the vector (Figure 12.3.5).\nThe cosines for these angles are called the direction cosines.\nFigure 12.3.5: Angle \u03b1 is formed by vector \u21c0v and unit vector ^i. Angle \u03b2 is... | large_corpus_distillation |
employed by CryptoLocker, experts considered it practically impossible to use a brute-force attack to obtain the key needed to decrypt files without paying ransom; the similar 2008 trojan Gpcode.AK used a 1024-bit key that was believed to be large enough to be computationally infeasible to break without a concerted dis... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Powell's dog leg method-Formulation-Given a least squares problem in the form F(x)=12\u2016f(x)\u20162=12\u2211i=1m(fi(x))2 with fi:Rn\u2192R , Powell's dog leg method finds the optimal point argmin x\u2061F(x) by constructing a sequence xk=xk\u22121+\u03b4k that converges to x\u2217 . At a given iteration, the Ga... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational economics-Applications-Machine learning in computational economics Machine learning models present a method to resolve vast, complex, unstructured data sets. Various machine learning methods such as the kernel method and random forest have been developed and utilized in data-mining and statistical analys... | large_corpus_distillation |
"12.3: The Dot Product\nHere's a question whose answer turns out to be very useful: Given two vectors, what is the angle between them?\nIt may not be immediately clear that the question makes sense, but it's not hard to turn it into a question that does. Since vectors\nhave no position, we are as usual free to place ve... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rebound attack-Example attack on Whirlpool-The outbound phase The outbound phase completes the differential characteristic in a probabilistic way. The outbound phase uses truncated differentials, as opposed to the inbound phase. Each starting point found in the inbound phase is propagated forwards and backwards. In or... | large_corpus_distillation |
"A i I A ={A :i\u2208I}\nSuppose that i is a collection of events for each in an index set . Then i is independent if and only if for every choice\nA \u2208A i\u2208I {A :i\u2208I} J\u2286I\nof i i for , the collection of events i is independent. That is, for every finite ,\nP(\u22c2A )=\u220fP(A ) (2.9.8)\nj j\nj\u220... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flood fill-Walk-based filling (Fixed-memory method)-A method exists that uses essentially no memory for four-connected regions by pretending to be a painter trying to paint the region without painting themselves into a corner. This is also a method for solving mazes. The four pixels making the primary boundary are exa... | large_corpus_distillation |
11 words to find all IC's. According to the EIC, the first example is preferred because it is easier to comprehend.The EIC theory also proposes that word and constituent order varies cross linguistically and is dependent on whether a language is head final (such as Japanese and Korean) or head initial (such as English)... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Object-capability model-Advantages of object capabilities-These structural properties facilitate the analysis of some security properties of an object-capability program or operating system. Some of these \u2013 in particular, information flow properties \u2013 can be analyzed at the level of object references and con... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational politics-Methods and Applications-While there is no clearly defined data source for research done in computational politics, the most common sources are social networking websites and political debate transcripts. Various methods are used to computationally model the behavior of agents. Social network an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"High availability-Principles-There are three principles of systems design in reliability engineering which can help achieve high availability.\nElimination of single points of failure. This means adding or building redundancy into the system so that failure of a component does not mean failure of the entire system.\nR... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Merge-insertion sort-Algorithm-Order the uninserted elements by their groups (smaller indexes to larger indexes), but within each group order them from larger indexes to smaller indexes. Thus, the ordering becomes 12 11 10 22 21 \u2026 Use this ordering to insert the elements yi into S . For each element yi , use a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiway number partitioning-Approximation algorithms-Maximizing the sum of products Jin studies a problem in which the goal is to maximize the sum, over every set i in 1,...,k, of the product of numbers in set i. In a more general variant, each set i may have a weight wi, and the goal is to maximize the weighted sum ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Type safety-Relation to other forms of safety-Memory safety Type systems can prevent wild pointers that could otherwise arise from a pointer to one type of object being treated as a pointer to another type.\nMore sophisticated type systems, such as those supporting dependent types, can detect and reject out-of-bound a... | large_corpus_distillation |
papers line numbers are used to allow easy reference; this is not a part of the language however.\nIndentation Code within other structures should be indented so it can be properly identified by the compiler and to make it easier to read for the developer and for anyone else of who may be reading the code. Once again, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Point of information (competitive debate)-Point of information (competitive debate)-In competitive debate, most commonly in the World Schools, Karl Popper, and British Parliamentary debate styles, a point of information (POI) is when a member of the team opposing that of the current speaker gets to briefly interrupt t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pachinko allocation-Pachinko allocation-In machine learning and natural language processing, the pachinko allocation model (PAM) is a topic model. Topic models are a suite of algorithms to uncover the hidden thematic structure of a collection of documents. The algorithm improves upon earlier topic models such as laten... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Classical Nahuatl grammar-Morphophonology-The phonological shapes of Nahuatl morphemes may be altered in particular contexts, depending on the shape of the adjacent morphemes or their position in the word.\nAssimilation Where a morpheme ending in a consonant is followed by a morpheme beginning in a consonant, one of t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"English phonology-Phonotactics-Nucleus The following can occur as the nucleus: All vowel sounds /m/, /n/ and /l/ in certain situations (see below under word-level patterns) /r/ in rhotic varieties of English (e.g. General American) in certain situations (see below under word-level patterns) Coda Most (in theory, all) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generalized extreme value distribution-Link to Fr\u00e9chet, Weibull and Gumbel families-Alternative convention for the Weibull distribution The ordinary Weibull distribution arises in reliability applications and is obtained from the distribution here by using the variable t=\u03bc\u2212x , which gives a strictly po... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inception score-Inception score-The Inception Score (IS) is an algorithm used to assess the quality of images created by a generative image model such as a generative adversarial network (GAN). The score is calculated based on the output of a separate, pretrained Inceptionv3 image classification model applied to a sam... | large_corpus_distillation |
to its URL, the following bookmarklet may seem to work.\nHowever, as the assignment statement returns a value (the URL itself), many browsers actually create a new page to display this value.\nInstead, an anonymous function, that does not return a value, can be used: The function statement in the first (outer) pair of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decision stump-Decision stump-A decision stump is a machine learning model consisting of a one-level decision tree. That is, it is a decision tree with one internal node (the root) which is immediately connected to the terminal nodes (its leaves). A decision stump makes a prediction based on the value of just a single... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Online machine learning-Statistical view of online learning-Some simple online convex optimisation algorithms are: Follow the leader (FTL) The simplest learning rule to try is to select (at the current step) the hypothesis that has the least loss over all past rounds. This algorithm is called Follow the leader, and is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vector optimization-Problem formulation-In mathematical terms, a vector optimization problem can be written as: min x\u2208Sf(x) where f:X\u2192Z for a partially ordered vector space Z . The partial ordering is induced by a cone C\u2286Z . X is an arbitrary set and S\u2286X is called the feasible set." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software assurance-Techniques-Functional testing is used to ensure that the software performs the functions it is intended to perform. This type of testing involves running the software and testing its features and functionality to ensure that it works as expected. [4] Performance testing is used to measure the speed,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Print permanence-Environmental factors-Environmental factors that hasten the deterioration of a print include exposure to heat, ozone and other pollutants, water or humidity, and high levels of light. Though light-induced fade often gets the most publicity, greater than 90 per cent of consumer prints are stored in the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptanalysis-History-Development of modern cryptography Governments have long recognized the potential benefits of cryptanalysis for intelligence, both military and diplomatic, and established dedicated organizations devoted to breaking the codes and ciphers of other nations, for example, GCHQ and the NSA, organizati... | large_corpus_distillation |
would not transform the world overnight: a superintelligence would need to engage with existing, slow human systems to accomplish physical impacts on the world. \"The need for collaboration, for organization, and for putting ideas into physical changes will ensure that all the old rules are not thrown out overnight or ... | large_corpus_distillation |
but what we expect the long\nterm average will be.\nSuppose that two dice are rolled 36 million times. Based on the probabilities, we would expect about 1 million rolls to be 2, about 2\nmillion to be 3, and so on, with a roll of 7 topping the list at about 6 million. The sum of all rolls would be 1 million times 2 plu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cauchy\u2013Binet formula-Proof-Using multi-linearity with respect to both the rows of A and the columns of B in the proof is not necessary; one could use just one of them, say the former, and use that a matrix product LfB either consists of a permutation of the rows of Bf([m]),[m] (if f is injective), or has at least... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flooding (computer networking)-Disadvantages-Have each node keep track of every packet seen and only forward each packet once.\nEnforce a network topology without loops." | large_corpus_distillation |
required to perform the factorization on any computer increases drastically." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finitely generated abelian group-Classification-Equivalence These statements are equivalent as a result of the Chinese remainder theorem, which implies that Zjk\u2245Zj\u2295Zk if and only if j and k are coprime." | large_corpus_distillation |
node matching task is composed from the paths to root of the nodes in the web directories." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Index calculus algorithm-Complexity-Assuming an optimal selection of the factor base, the expected running time (using L-notation) of the index-calculus algorithm can be stated as Ln[1/2,2+o(1)] " | large_corpus_distillation |
"JPEG-History-Beginning in 2011 and continuing as of early 2013, an entity known as Princeton Digital Image Corporation, based in Eastern Texas, began suing large numbers of companies for alleged infringement of U.S. Patent 4,813,056. Princeton claims that the JPEG image compression standard infringes the '056 patent a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Field (mathematics)-Constructing fields-For example, the field Q(i) of Gaussian rationals is the subfield of C consisting of all numbers of the form a + bi where both a and b are rational numbers: summands of the form i2 (and similarly for higher exponents) do not have to be considered here, since a + bi + ci2 can be ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Periphrasis-General references-Matthews, P. 1981. Syntax. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.\nMatthews, P. 1991. Morphology, 2nd edition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.\nOsborne, T. and T. Gro\u00df 2012a. \"Constructions are catenae: Construction Grammar meets Dependency Grammar\". Cognitive Lingu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Null (SQL)-Comparisons with NULL and the three-valued logic (3VL)-The SQL COALESCE function or CASE expressions can be used to \"simulate\" Null equality in join criteria, and the IS NULL and IS NOT NULL predicates can be used in the join criteria as well. The following predicate tests for equality of the values A and... | large_corpus_distillation |
to Grammaticalization, Vol. I. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1991. pp. 17\u201336.\nHopper, Paul J. and Elizabeth Traugott. Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.\nKurylowicz, Jerzy. \"The evolution of grammatical categories\". Esquisses linguistiques. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1965. pp. 38\u2... | large_corpus_distillation |
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