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"Schwartz\u2013Zippel lemma-Statement and proof of the lemma-Theorem 1 (Schwartz, Zippel). Let P\u2208F[x1,x2,\u2026,xn] be a non-zero polynomial of total degree d \u2265 0 over a field F. Let S be a finite subset of F and let r1, r2, ..., rn be selected at random independently and uniformly from S. Then Pr [P(r1,r2,\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Graphic design-Occupations-Crowdsourcing in graphic design Jeff Howe of Wired Magazine first used the term \"crowdsourcing\" in his 2006 article, \"The Rise of Crowdsourcing.\" It spans such creative domains as graphic design, architecture, apparel design, writing, illustration, and others. Tasks may be assigned to in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Probabilistic argumentation-Probabilistic argumentation labellings-The framework of \"probabilistic labellings\" refers to probability spaces where the sample space is a set of labellings of argumentation graphs (Riveret et al. 2018). A labelling of an argumentation graph associates any argument of the graph with a la... | large_corpus_distillation |
"R(p)=p\u22c5(\u22121.04p+26)=\u22121.04p2+26p for 0\u2264p\u226425.\nIn Example 1.2.4, we use this quadratic function to predict the amount of revenue the company receives depending on the price the\ncompany charges per item. Note that we cannot conclude definitively the actual number of units sold for values of p, fo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Key size-Key size-Key length defines the upper-bound on an algorithm's security (i.e. a logarithmic measure of the fastest known attack against an algorithm), because the security of all algorithms can be violated by brute-force attacks. Ideally, the lower-bound on an algorithm's security is by design equal to the key... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Svenja Adolphs-Selected publications-S. Adolphs and R. Carter. 2013. Spoken corpus linguistics: from monomodal to multimodal. Routledge.\nS. Adolphs. 2008. Corpus and context: Investigating pragmatic functions in spoken discourse. John Benjamins.\nS Adolphs. 2006. Introducing electronic text analysis: A practical guid... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pathwidth-Bounds-In some classes of graphs, it has been proven that the pathwidth and treewidth are always equal to each other: this is true for cographs, permutation graphs, the complements of comparability graphs, and the comparability graphs of interval orders.\nIn any cubic graph, or more generally any graph with ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computable number-Digit strings and the Cantor and Baire spaces-Note that this property of decimal expansions means that it is impossible to effectively identify the computable real numbers defined in terms of a decimal expansion and those defined in the \u03f5 approximation sense. Hirst has shown that there is no al... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Framebuffer-RAM on the video card-Video cards always have a certain amount of RAM. A small portion of this RAM is where the bitmap of image data is \"buffered\" for display. The term frame buffer is thus often used interchangeably when referring to this RAM.\nThe CPU sends image updates to the video card. The video pr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Electromagnetic attack-Electromagnetic attack-Like many other side-channel attacks, electromagnetic attacks are dependent on the specific implementation of the cryptographic protocol and not on the algorithm itself. Electromagnetic attacks are often done in conjunction with other side-channel attacks, like power analy... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Assignment problem-Generalization-When phrased as a graph theory problem, the assignment problem can be extended from bipartite graphs to arbitrary graphs. The corresponding problem, of finding a matching in a weighted graph where the sum of weights is maximized, is called the maximum weight matching problem.\nAnother... | large_corpus_distillation |
(it converges on. the true tree. as the empirical distribution approaches the theoretical distribution); the Erik+2 normalization improves the performance of the method given finite datasets. It has been implemented in the software package PAUP* as an option for the SVDquartets method." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Autocoder-Autocoder as implemented on the IBM 1401-The 1401 was available in six memory configurations, with 1400, 2000, 4000, 8000, 12000, or 16000 six-bit characters. The 8000-character model was the minimum needed to run the full Autocoder assembler application, including IOCS. However a language subset assembler w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Homomorphic encryption-History-A distinguishing characteristic of the second-generation cryptosystems is that they all feature a much slower growth of the noise during the homomorphic computations. Additional optimizations by Craig Gentry, Shai Halevi, and Nigel Smart resulted in cryptosystems with nearly optimal asym... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Simjacker-History-The vulnerability was discovered and reported to the GSM Association through its Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure process by Cathal Mc Daid of AdaptiveMobile Security in 2019. It was first reported publicly on 12th September 2019. A technical paper and presentation was made available at the Virus... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generic Access Network-Modes of operation-The original Release 6 GAN specification supported a 2G (A/Gb) connection from the GANC into the mobile core network (MSC/GSN). Today all commercial GAN dual-mode handset deployments are based on a 2G connection and all GAN enabled devices are dual-mode 2G/Wi-Fi. The specifica... | large_corpus_distillation |
primitives from concrete or abstract mathematical mechanisms for Symmetric-key cryptography, Public-key cryptography, and Cryptographic protocols (such as Zero-knowledge proofs, Secure multi-party computations, or Threshold cryptosystems); Some other areas are dedicated to Cryptanalysis: the breaking of cryptographic s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Primality certificate-Pratt certificates-Then n is prime.Given such an a (called a witness) and the prime factorization of n \u2212 1, it's simple to verify the above conditions quickly: we only need to do a linear number of modular exponentiations, since every integer has fewer prime factors than bits, and each of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
of actions to mitigate risks Service execution approach Service control approach.\nDefine actions ISPL provides heuristics on how to mitigate risks and change the individual situational factors that cause them. An excerpt of these heuristics can be found in Table 3." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quantum relative entropy-Non-negativity of relative entropy-Corresponding classical statement For the classical Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence, it can be shown that log \u2061pjqj\u22650, and the equality holds if and only if P = Q. Colloquially, this means that the uncertainty calculated using erroneous assumptions... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bristol Standard Asynchronous Protocol-Protocol layers-The protocol supports different layers including application, transport, network, link and physical with 1745 asynchronous character oriented messages, 2111 transparent messages and 2629 conversational mode messages. The physical layer support includes the followi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel embedding of distributions-Applications-Support measure machines The support measure machine (SMM) is a generalization of the support vector machine (SVM) in which the training examples are probability distributions paired with labels {Pi,yi}i=1n,yi\u2208{+1,\u22121} . SMMs solve the standard SVM dual optimiza... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Harmonic map-Geometry of mappings between manifolds-Local coordinates Let U be an open subset of \u211dm and let V be an open subset of \u211dn. For each i and j between 1 and n, let gij be a smooth real-valued function on U, such that for each p in U, one has that the m \u00d7 m matrix [gij (p)] is symmetric and posi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory-IEEE Transactions on Information Theory-IEEE Transactions on Information Theory is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE Information Theory Society. It covers information theory and the mathematics of communications. It was established in 1953 as IRE T... | large_corpus_distillation |
they can have variability on certain rules which native speakers apply deterministically. In the context of attrition, however, there is strong evidence that this optionality is not indicative of any underlying representational deficits: the same individuals do not appear to encounter recurring problems with the same k... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Near\u2013far problem-Near\u2013far problem-The near\u2013far problem or hearability problem is the effect of a strong signal from a near signal source in making it hard for a receiver to hear a weaker signal from a further source due to adjacent-channel interference, co-channel interference, distortion, capture effec... | large_corpus_distillation |
"RSA numbers-RSA-1536-RSA-1536 has 463 decimal digits (1,536 bits), and has not been factored so far. $150,000 was previously offered for successful factorization.\nRSA-1536 = 184769970321174147430683562020016440301854933866341017147178577491065169671 11612498593376843054357445856160615445717940522297177325246609606469... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Slack variable-Slack variable-In an optimization problem, a slack variable is a variable that is added to an inequality constraint to transform it into an equality. Introducing a slack variable replaces an inequality constraint with an equality constraint and a non-negativity constraint on the slack variable.:\u200a13... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Normal-inverse-Wishart distribution-Generating normal-inverse-Wishart random variates-Generation of random variates is straightforward: Sample \u03a3 {\\boldsymbol {\\Sigma }} from an inverse Wishart distribution with parameters \u03a8 {\\boldsymbol {\\Psi }} and \u03bd \\nu Sample \u03bc {\\boldsymbol {\\mu }} fr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Xeon-Supercomputers-The SuperMUC system, using eight-core Xeon E5-2680 processors but no accelerator cards, managed fourth place in June 2012 and had dropped to tenth by November 2013 Xeon processor-based systems are among the top 20 fastest systems by memory bandwidth as measured by the STREAM benchmark.\nAn Intel Xe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wasserstein GAN-Motivation-The GAN game The original GAN method is based on the GAN game, a zero-sum game with 2 players: generator and discriminator. The game is defined over a probability space (\u03a9,B,\u03bcref) , The generator's strategy set is the set of all probability measures \u03bcG on (\u03a9,B) , and t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CyanogenMod-Cyanogen Inc.-A day after leaving, Stefanie Jane wrote a blog post in which she stated that in hindsight, she had trusted and hired \"the wrong people\", who had not shared a common vision, and that she had ended up unable to prevent the failure of the company and the forming of a \"new team\" in its place... | large_corpus_distillation |
written by instructions in the execute and access stages of the pipeline to the registers read by the instruction in the decode stage, and cause the multiplexers to select the most recent data. These bypass multiplexers make it possible for the pipeline to execute simple instructions with just the latency of the ALU, t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extensible programming-Examples-Camlp4 Felix Nemerle Seed7 Rebol Red Ruby (metaprogramming) IMP OpenC++ XL XML Forth Lisp Racket Scheme Lua PL/I Smalltalk " | large_corpus_distillation |
"outcome esteem attrib\n2 2 6\n12.6.2\nThe means of the four conditions are shown in Table .\nTable 12.6.2: Mean ratings of self-attributions of success or failure\nOutcome Esteem Mean\nHigh Self-Esteem 7.333\nSuccess\nLow Self-Esteem 5.500\nHigh Self-Esteem 4.833\nFailure\nLow Self-Esteem 7.833\nThere are several ques... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mean absolute percentage error-Mean absolute percentage error-The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), also known as mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD), is a measure of prediction accuracy of a forecasting method in statistics. It usually expresses the accuracy as a ratio defined by the formula: MAPE =1n\u221... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Copland (operating system)-Design-This concept of sharing memory is a significant source of problems and crashes. If an application program writes incorrect data into these shared locations, it could cause QuickDraw to crash, thereby causing the computer to crash. Likewise, any problem in QuickDraw could cause it to o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data in use-Alternative definitions-Data in use refers to data in computer memory. Some cloud software as a service (SaaS) providers refer to data in use as any data currently being processed by applications, as the CPU and memory are utilized." | large_corpus_distillation |
be equally used for downloading music or films or providing sufficiently secure connections for Internet banking. The EC also questioned the definition of the relevant wholesale product market \"as a sufficiently detailed forward-looking analysis of the different wholesale inputs is missing.\" Previously, in 2003, the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
known as KAISER) in 2017, which was confirmed to eliminate a large class of security bugs, including some limited protection against the not-yet-discovered Meltdown \u2013 a fact confirmed by the Meltdown authors.In July 2017, research made public on the CyberWTF website by security researcher Anders Fogh outlined the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stream processing-Research-Instead of holding the data in the structure, it holds only pointers (memory locations) for the data. Shortcomings are that if an multiple attributes to of an object are to be operated on they might now be distant in memory and so result in a cache miss. The aligning and any needed padding l... | large_corpus_distillation |
I can tell you that password protection is much stronger.\" " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sieve of Pritchard-Implementation-(The array can also be used to store the set Pr \"for free\".) Therefore the time complexity of the sieve of Pritchard to calculate the primes up to N in the random access machine model is log log \u2061N) operations on words of size log \u2061N) Pritchard also shows how multiplica... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Torsten Suel-Torsten Suel-A conference paper he co-authored in 2011 introduces fast retrieval techniques that were integrated into the Apache Lucene search engine library." | large_corpus_distillation |
from a fixed location (the bottom of the stack, which in a hardware design might always be at memory location zero), saving precious in-cache or in-CPU storage from being used to store quite so many memory addresses or index numbers. This may preserve such registers and cache for use in non-flow computation." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Directed set-Examples-Every \u03bb-system is a directed set with respect to \u2286.\nEvery filter, topology, and \u03c3-algebra is a directed set with respect to both \u2287 and \u2286.\nIf x\u2219=(xi)i\u2208I is any net from a directed set (I,\u2264) then for any index i\u2208I, the set := with j\u2208I} is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wang BASIC-Description-The storage length of any single string could be changed using the DIM statement, which in this case used the slightly odd syntax of putting the length immediately after the variable name, like DIM A$40, instead of using parens as in a typical DIM statement. Strings had a maximum length of 64 ch... | large_corpus_distillation |
polygons. If the plane is cut along all of the lines, these are the connected components of the points that remain uncut." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shared-use path-Benefits-The principal benefit of a shared-use path is saving space. This may be important in environmentally-sensitive areas or on narrow streets, where a full cycle track may not be feasible." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Combinatorics on words-Definition-Combinatorics is an area of discrete mathematics. Discrete mathematics is the study of countable structures. These objects have a definite beginning and end. The study of enumerable objects is the opposite of disciplines such as analysis, where calculus and infinite structures are stu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transparent Inter-process Communication-Cluster-Before Linux 4.17, nodes must be configured a unique 32-bit node number or address, which must comply with certain restrictions. As from Linux 4.17, each node has a 128-bit node identity which must be unique within the node's cluster. The node number is then calculated a... | large_corpus_distillation |
MAC address to gain access to the ISP. Computer crackers can gain unauthorized access to the ISP via the same technique. This allows them to gain access to unauthorized services, while being difficult to identify and track as they are using the client's identity. This action is considered an illegitimate and illegal us... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hilbert\u2013Bernays provability conditions-The conditions-Let T be a formal theory of arithmetic with a formalized provability predicate Prov(n), which is expressed as a formula of T with one free number variable. For each formula \u03c6 in the theory, let #(\u03c6) be the G\u00f6del number of \u03c6. The Hilbert\u20... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Definition-Problems-Locke and Mill also argued that individuals cannot be defined. Names are learned by connecting an idea with a sound, so that speaker and hearer have the same idea when the same word is used. This is not possible when no one else is acquainted with the particular thing that has \"fallen under our no... | large_corpus_distillation |
linear system. A linear system has an output that is a sum of distinct zero-input and zero-state components, each varying linearly, with the initial state of the system and the input of the system respectively.\nThe zero input response and zero state response are independent of each other and therefore each component c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fermat pseudoprime-Definition-Fermat's little theorem states that if p is prime and a is coprime to p, then ap\u22121 \u2212 1 is divisible by p. For an integer a > 1, if a composite integer x divides ax\u22121 \u2212 1, then x is called a Fermat pseudoprime to base a.\n:\u200aDef. 3.32\u200a In other words, a composi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generation of primes-Prime sieves-A prime sieve or prime number sieve is a fast type of algorithm for finding primes. There are many prime sieves. The simple sieve of Eratosthenes (250s BCE), the sieve of Sundaram (1934), the still faster but more complicated sieve of Atkin (2003), and various wheel sieves are most co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jacobian curve-Elliptic Curves: Basics-Given an elliptic curve, it is possible to do some \"operations\" between its points: for example one can add two points P and Q obtaining the point P + Q that belongs to the curve ; given a point P on the elliptic curve, it is possible to \"double\" P, that means find [2]P = P +... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fixed-point combinator-Fixed-point combinators in lambda calculus-\u0398 also has a simple call-by-value form: \u0398v=(\u03bbxy.y(\u03bbz.xxyz))(\u03bbxy.y(\u03bbz.xxyz)) The analog for mutual recursion is a polyvariadic fix-point combinator, which may be denoted Y*." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Logic programming-Variants and extensions-Concurrent logic programming Concurrent logic programming integrates concepts of logic programming with concurrent programming. Its development was given a big impetus in the 1980s by its choice for the systems programming language of the Japanese Fifth Generation Project (FGC... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gallery Software-Gallery Software-Gallery software is software that helps the user publish or share photos, pictures, videos or other digital media. Most galleries are located on Web servers, where users are allowed to register and publish their pictures.\nGallery software usually features automatic image resizing, al... | large_corpus_distillation |
of formulae with the other three mutations leads to a table of the candidate splits, ranked by their information gain: The mutation that provides the most useful information would be Mutation 3, so that will be used to split the root node of the decision tree. The root can be split and all the samples can be passed tho... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algorithmic complexity attack-Algorithmic complexity-Algorithmic complexity is the rate in which an algorithm performs. Although there are multiple ways to solve a computational problem, the best and most effective way in doing so matters. For real programs, factors such as the hardware, networking, programming langua... | large_corpus_distillation |
weight of all the sets, respectively) can also be solved in polynomial time using matroid partitioning methods.As well as its use in calculating the arboricity of a graph, matroid partitioning can be used with other matroids to find a subgraph of a given graph whose average degree is maximum, and to find the edge tough... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Secondary notation-In different contexts-Misuse While inadequate use of secondary notation can significantly increase the amount of effort necessary to understand a model, misuse of secondary notation can also be a detriment. Use of symmetry can make a graphic more visually appealing, but can also convey misconception... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Definitive Media Library-Background-In a controlled IT environment it is crucial that only authorised versions of software are allowed into production. The consequences of unauthorised software versions finding their way into the live environment can be serious. Typically, in a mature organisation, stringent Change an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parsing-Parsing-Within computational linguistics the term is used to refer to the formal analysis by a computer of a sentence or other string of words into its constituents, resulting in a parse tree showing their syntactic relation to each other, which may also contain semantic and other information (p-values). Some ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Intuitionistic type theory-Implementations of type theory-Different forms of type theory have been implemented as the formal systems underlying of a number of proof assistants. While many are based on Per Martin-L\u00f6f's ideas, many have added features, more axioms, or different philosophical background. For instanc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rader's FFT algorithm-Rader's FFT algorithm-Rader's algorithm (1968), named for Charles M. Rader of MIT Lincoln Laboratory, is a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm that computes the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of prime sizes by re-expressing the DFT as a cyclic convolution (the other algorithm for FFTs of pri... | large_corpus_distillation |
square root is considered simplified if its radicand contains no perfect square factors.\n\uf303 Definition: SIMPLIFIED SQUARE ROOT\n\u2212\u2212\n\u221aa is considered simplified if a has no perfect square factors.\n\u2212\u2212 \u2212\u2212\nSo \u221a31 is simplified. But \u221a32 is not simplified, because 16 is a p... | large_corpus_distillation |
the two coefficients are both equal (being both +1 or both \u22121), this is not generally the case, and so values of the two coefficients cannot meaningfully be compared. For example, for the three pairs (1, 1) (2, 3) (3, 2) Spearman's coefficient is 1/2, while Kendall's coefficient is 1/3." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bayesian inference-Formal description of Bayesian inference-Definitions x , a data point in general. This may in fact be a vector of values.\n\u03b8 , the parameter of the data point's distribution, i.e., x\u223cp(x\u2223\u03b8) . This may be a vector of parameters.\n\u03b1 , the hyperparameter of the parameter distr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P\u00e9pin's test-Description of the test-Let Fn=22n+1 be the nth Fermat number. P\u00e9pin's test states that for n > 0, Fn is prime if and only if mod Fn).\nThe expression 3(Fn\u22121)/2 can be evaluated modulo Fn by repeated squaring. This makes the test a fast polynomial-time algorithm. However, Fermat numbers... | large_corpus_distillation |
dimensional representation.A common setup for self-supervised representation learning of a certain data type (e.g. text, image, audio, video) is to pretrain the model using large datasets of general context, unlabeled data. Depending on the context, the result of this is either a set of representations for common data ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Carmichael number-Generalizations-When K is larger than the rationals it is easy to write down Carmichael ideals in OK : for any prime number p that splits completely in K, the principal ideal pOK is a Carmichael ideal. Since infinitely many prime numbers split completely in any number field, there are infinitely ma... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Order processing-Process-Order processing is a sequential process involving: Picking: consists in taking and collecting articles in a specified quantity before shipment to satisfy customers' orders.\nSorting: process that separates items according to destination.\nPre-consolidation or package formation: includes weigh... | large_corpus_distillation |
give the impression that users have an obligation (as opposed to a right) to give non-users a copy of the program." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing-Attacks on DP-3T and criticism-In a subsequent work Vaudenay reviews attacks against both centralized and decentralized tracing systems and referring to identification attacks of diagnosed people concludes that: By comparing centralized and decentralized architectures... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LDAP Data Interchange Format-LDAP Data Interchange Format-The LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF) is a standard plain text data interchange format for representing Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directory content and update requests. LDIF conveys directory content as a set of records, one record for each... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cyclotomic field-Properties-The Kronecker\u2013Weber theorem states that every finite abelian extension of Q in C is contained in Q(\u03b6n) for some n. Equivalently, the union of all the cyclotomic fields Q(\u03b6n) is the maximal abelian extension Qab of Q." | large_corpus_distillation |
NP-hard problems on identical machines: Optimal average-completion-time; Weighted-average-completion-time." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Front-side bus-Related component speeds-Many motherboards allow the user to manually set the clock multiplier and FSB settings by changing jumpers or BIOS settings. Almost all CPU manufacturers now \"lock\" a preset multiplier setting into the chip. It is possible to unlock some locked CPUs; for instance, some AMD Ath... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Laser propulsion-Laser energized rocket-Material is directly removed from a solid or liquid surface at high velocities by laser ablation by a pulsed laser. Depending on the laser flux and pulse duration, the material can be simply heated and evaporated, or converted to plasma. Ablative propulsion will work in air or v... | large_corpus_distillation |
"1.4: Functions\nFigure 1.3.1. Some graphs\n\u2212\u2212\nFor example, the square-root function\ny=f(x)=\u221ax\nis the rule which says, given an\nx\n-value, take the nonnegative number\nx x x\u22650\nwhose square is . This rule only makes sense if is positive or zero. We say that the domain of this function is , or mo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Myerson\u2013Satterthwaite theorem-Requirements-3. Nash equilibrium incentive compatibility (NEIC): for every agent, if the other agent reports the true value, then the best response is to report the true value too. In other words, no one should want to lie. Formally: \u2200vs\u2032:US(vS,vS)\u2265US(vS,vS\u2032) and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"24 (number)-In religion-The number of books in the Tanakh." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Normalized Google distance-Related Literature-J. Poland and Th. Zeugmann (2006), Clustering the Google Distance with Eigenvectors and Semidefinite Programming A. Gupta and T. Oates (2007), Using Ontologies and the Web to Learn Lexical Semantics (Includes comparison of NGD to other algorithms.) Wong, W., Liu, W. & Benn... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile Signature Service-Roles-Mobile signature service provider The mobile signature service provider (MSSP) is a service that facilitates the communication between the AP and the mobile user's SIM card. The MSSP of the ETSI specification typically consists of a HomeMSSP, AE (acquiring entity) MSSP and possibly an RE... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Positional voting-Positional voting-Positional voting should be distinguished from score voting: in the former, the score that each voter gives to each candidate is uniquely determined by the candidate's rank; in the latter, the each voter is free to give any score to any candidate." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Meet-in-the-middle attack-Multidimensional MITM (MD-MITM)-Instead of meeting in the middle (one place in the sequence), the MD-MITM attack attempts to reach several specific intermediate states using the forward and backward computations at several positions in the cipher.Assume that the attack has to be mounted on a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
, and use this sorted list to assign ranks R1,\u2026,Rn : The rank of the smallest observation is one, the rank of the next smallest is two, and so on." | large_corpus_distillation |
of deliberate leakage is sometimes known as a subliminal channel.Generally, only very advanced systems employ defenses against information leakage." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Idempotence-Examples-In the monoid (N,\u00d7) of the natural numbers with multiplication, only 0 and 1 are idempotent. Indeed, 0\u00d70=0 and 1\u00d71=1 In the monoid (N, +) of the natural numbers with addition, only 0 is idempotent. Indeed, 0 + 0 = 0." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Porting Authorisation Code-India-In India, the code is known as a 'Unique Porting Code (UPC)'. The rules for number portability are prescribed by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India.\nYou are allowed to move to another mobile service provider only after 90 days of the date of activation of your mobile connection... | large_corpus_distillation |
of a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables Xk converges towards their common expectation (expected value) \u03bc , provided that the expectation of |Xk| is finite." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Game theory-Different types of games-Simultaneous / sequential Simultaneous games are games where both players move simultaneously, or instead the later players are unaware of the earlier players' actions (making them effectively simultaneous). Sequential games (or dynamic games) are games where players do not make de... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ring (mathematics)-Definition-(b + c) \u00b7 a = (b \u00b7 a) + (c \u00b7 a) for all a, b, c in R (right distributivity)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Priority heuristic-Empirical support and limitations-The priority heuristic correctly predicted the majority choice in all (one-stage) gambles in Kahneman and Tversky (1979). Across four different data sets with a total of 260 problems, the heuristic predicted the majority choice better than (a) cumulative prospect th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Balancing of rotating masses-Unbalanced systems-When an unbalanced system is rotating, periodic linear and/or torsional forces are generated which are perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The periodic nature of these forces is commonly experienced as vibration. These off-axis vibration forces may exceed the design l... | large_corpus_distillation |
lack of uncertainty, so it becomes a true belief. But at the very next moment, when the hearer is about to embark upon the venture of knowing whether he knows p, doubts may arise. \"If, in some Gettier-like cases, I am wrong in my inference about the knowledge-hood of the given occurrent belief (for the evidence may be... | large_corpus_distillation |
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