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"Ladder logic-Syntax and examples-PLCs have many types of special blocks. They include timers, arithmetic operators and comparisons, table lookups, text processing, PID control, and filtering functions. More powerful PLCs can operate on a group of internal memory locations and execute an operation on a range of address... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Todd\u2013Coxeter algorithm-Todd\u2013Coxeter algorithm-In group theory, the Todd\u2013Coxeter algorithm, created by J. A. Todd and H. S. M. Coxeter in 1936, is an algorithm for solving the coset enumeration problem. Given a presentation of a group G by generators and relations and a subgroup H of G, the algorithm enu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computable function-Characteristics of computable functions-\"If the procedure is given a k-tuple x which is not in the domain of f, then the procedure might go on forever, never halting. Or it might get stuck at some point (i.e., one of its instructions cannot be executed), but it must not pretend to produce a value ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Double negative-Chinese-A double negative almost always resolves to a positive meaning and even more so in colloquial speech where the speaker particularly stresses the first negative word. Meanwhile, a triple negative resolves to a negative meaning, which bares a stronger negativity than a single negative. For exampl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Heap (data structure)-Implementation-Heaps are usually implemented with an array, as follows: Each element in the array represents a node of the heap, and The parent / child relationship is defined implicitly by the elements' indices in the array.For a binary heap, in the array, the first index contains the root eleme... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Files-11-Disk organization and naming-Multiple disks can be combined to form a single large logical disk, or volume set. Disks can also be automatically replicated into shadow sets for data security or faster read performance.\nA disk is identified by either its physical name or (more often) by a user-defined logical ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Imperative programming-Examples-C C programming language (1973) got its name because the language BCPL was replaced with B, and AT&T Bell Labs called the next version \"C.\" Its purpose was to write the UNIX operating system. C is a relatively small language -- making it easy to write compilers. Its growth mirrored th... | large_corpus_distillation |
about the confidentiality of a website leave the page immediately." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spatial contextual awareness-Cartographic challenges-Navigation Views \u2013 The determination on best map views to aid user navigation. Considerations include: overview maps available at various scales; automatic zoom to larger scale when user is in motion; maintain egocentric map position with north always marked." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Order processing-Picking-Piece Picking Piece picking, also known as broken case picking or pick/pack operations, describes systems where individual items are picked. Operations using piece picking typically have a large stock keeping unit, or SKU, base in the thousands or tens of thousands of items, small quantities p... | large_corpus_distillation |
the fact that m\u22652j to increase the size of the sets\nin the union. In (7.9.12), we upper bounded by adding additional terms into the maximization, and in (7.9.13) we used the\nKolmogorov martingale inequality. The proof is completed by noting that the upper bound in (7.9.13) goes to 0 with increasing k.\n\u25a1\nI... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multilevel queue-Process Scheduling-Consider the following table with the arrival time, execute time and type of the process (foreground or background - where foreground processes are given high priority) to understand non pre-emptive and pre-emptive multilevel scheduling in depth with FCFS algorithm for both the queu... | large_corpus_distillation |
map includes information on the structure, distribution, age, and genetic type of rocks on the surface of the celestial body.\nGeologic/morphologic map shows the spatial distribution of geologic, geomorphologic, and tectonic features on a celestial body.\nGeomorphic map is a graphic representation of the distribution o... | large_corpus_distillation |
well known published block ciphers, one-way hash functions, chaining modes, pseudo-random number generators, public key cryptography and other routines.\nlibSodium API for NaCl AES Dust Compact implementation of AES-128 encryption in C, x86, AMD64, ARM32 and ARM64 assembly.\nMSP430 AES Implementation for embedded 16-bi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"580 6 \u2022 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions\n...\nHOW TO\nGiven a common logarithm of the form evaluate it mentally.\n1. Rewrite the argument as a power of\n2. Use previous knowledge of powers of to identify by asking, \u201cTo what exponent must be raised in order to\nget \u201d\nEXAMPLE5\nFinding the Value of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"BIT predicate-Description and implementation-The BIT predicate is a primitive recursive function. As a binary relation (producing true and false values rather than 1 and 0 respectively), the BIT predicate is asymmetric: there do not exist two numbers i and j for which both BIT (i,j) and BIT (j,i) are true.In progr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Paden\u2013Kahan subproblems-Subproblem 1: Rotation about a single axis-{\\textstyle e^{{\\widehat {\\omega }}\\theta }u=v.} Next, the vectors u \u2032 {\\textstyle u'} and v \u2032 {\\textstyle v'} are defined to be the projections of u {\\textstyle u} and v {\\textstyle v} onto the plane perpendicular to the axi... | large_corpus_distillation |
accuracy. For example, a thermometer could be calibrated so the error of indication or the correction is determined, and adjusted (e.g. via calibration constants) so that it shows the true temperature in Celsius at specific points on the scale. This is the perception of the instrument's end-user. However, very few inst... | large_corpus_distillation |
the latter (i.e. an \"absolutely random\" one); the probabilities are contained in the deterministic element. A simple form of demonstrating it would be shooting randomly within a square and then (deterministically) interpreting a relatively large subsquare as the more probable outcome." | large_corpus_distillation |
"but it is difficult to determine which of these is smaller by direct comparison. If, as is likely in practice, we know the values of\nv w a b\n, , , and , then it is easy to determine this. With a little cleverness, however, we can determine the minimum in general.\n\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\u2212\nf\u2032\u2032(... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prime number-Elementary properties-The existence of arbitrarily large prime gaps can be seen by noting that the sequence n!+2,n!+3,\u2026,n!+n consists of n\u22121 composite numbers, for any natural number n.\nHowever, large prime gaps occur much earlier than this argument shows. For example, the first prime gap of... | large_corpus_distillation |
result might simply mean not enough material was collected, and should be confirmed with another technique to rule out a false-negative." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bluetooth-Technical information-Implementation During pairing, the two devices establish a relationship by creating a shared secret known as a link key. If both devices store the same link key, they are said to be paired or bonded. A device that wants to communicate only with a bonded device can cryptographically auth... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Constructive set theory-Subtheories of ZF-If both domain and codomain are sets, then the above predicate only involves bounded quantifiers." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interference channel-Interference channel-Unlike in the point-to-point channel, where the amount of information that can be sent through the channel is limited by the noise that distorts the transmitted signal, in the interference channel, it is mainly the signal from the other user that hinders the communication. How... | large_corpus_distillation |
"7.1 \u2022 Systems of Linear Equations: Two Variables 817\nTechnology\nFor the following exercises, use the intersect function on a graphing device to solve each system. Round all answers to\nthe nearest hundredth.\n46. 47. 48.\n49. 50.\nExtensions\nFor the following exercises, solve each system in terms of and where ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Federated learning-Federated learning variations-Federated stochastic gradient descent is the direct transposition of this algorithm to the federated setting, but by using a random fraction C of the nodes and using all the data on this node. The gradients are averaged by the server proportionally to the number of tra... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parallel processing (psychology)-Limitations-Integration of features- This step is more time-consuming and uses serial processing. It leads to the perception of whole objects and patterns." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maxima and minima-Maxima or minima of a functional-If the domain of a function for which an extremum is to be found consists itself of functions (i.e. if an extremum is to be found of a functional), then the extremum is found using the calculus of variations." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Encrypting File System-New features available by Windows version-Windows XPEncryption of the Client-Side Cache (Offline Files database) Protection of DPAPI Master Key backup using domain-wide public key Autoenrollment of user certificates (including EFS certificates) Multiple-user (shared) access to encrypted files (o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Channel capacity-Noisy-channel coding theorem-The noisy-channel coding theorem states that for any error probability \u03b5 > 0 and for any transmission rate R less than the channel capacity C, there is an encoding and decoding scheme transmitting data at rate R whose error probability is less than \u03b5, for a suffi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Complexity management-Approach-Complexity hiding To manage complex systems, the desire of intelligibility and the need of teachability have to be coped with. The direct approach with cutting the complex into pieces will fail, when overview on structure and contents get lost on the path to full explanation. A promising... | large_corpus_distillation |
"GeoTools-GeoTools-GeoTools is a free software (LGPL) GIS toolkit for developing standards compliant solutions.\nIt provides an implementation of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) specifications as they are developed. GeoTools is a contributor to the GeoAPI project - a vendor-neutral set of Java interfaces derived from ... | large_corpus_distillation |
The usual ALU status flags are available in a numbered register so operations such as \"branch on carry clear\" are possible.\nControl transfers. Other than the skip instructions previously mentioned, there are only two: goto and call.\nA few miscellaneous zero-operand instructions, such as return from subroutine, and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximum cardinality matching-Algorithms for bipartite graphs-Assign a capacity of 1 to each edge.Since each edge in the network has integral capacity, there exists a maximum flow where all flows are integers; these integers must be either 0 or 1 since the all capacities are 1. Each integral flow defines a matching in ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extended periodic table-Predicted properties of eighth-period elements-Beyond element 123, no complete calculations are available and hence the data in this table must be taken as tentative. In the case of element 123, and perhaps also heavier elements, several possible electron configurations are predicted to have ve... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Active learning (machine learning)-Active learning (machine learning)-Large-scale active learning projects may benefit from crowdsourcing frameworks such as Amazon Mechanical Turk that include many humans in the active learning loop." | large_corpus_distillation |
"220 (number)-In mathematics-It is a composite number, with its proper divisors being 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55 and 110, making it an amicable number with 284. Every number up to 220 may be expressed as a sum of its divisors, making 220 a practical number.It is the sum of four consecutive primes (47 + 53 + 59 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fuzzing-History-In September 2014, Shellshock was disclosed as a family of security bugs in the widely used UNIX Bash shell; most vulnerabilities of Shellshock were found using the fuzzer AFL. (Many Internet-facing services, such as some web server deployments, use Bash to process certain requests, allowing an attacke... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Queue number-Related invariants-Graphs with queue number 1 have book thickness at most 2.\nFor any fixed vertex ordering, the product of the book thickness and queue numbers for that ordering is at least as large as the cutwidth of the graph divided by its maximum degree." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Double hashing-Analysis-Let n be the number of elements stored in T , then T 's load factor is \u03b1=n/|T| . That is, start by randomly, uniformly and independently selecting two universal hash functions h1 and h2 to build a double hashing table T . All elements are put in T by double hashing using h1 and h... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Implicit authentication-Implicit authentication-Implicit authentication (IA) is a technique that allows the smart device to recognize its owner by being acquainted with his/her behaviors. It is a technique that uses machine learning algorithms to learn user behavior through various sensors on the smart devices and ach... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Neural network-History-In computer experiments conducted by Amari's student Saito, a five layer MLP with two modifiable layers learned useful internal representations to classify non-linearily separable pattern classes.Neural network research was boosted when computers achieved greater processing power. Also key in la... | large_corpus_distillation |
products. Following this announcement, HP sued Oracle for breach of contract, arguing that Oracle had violated conditions imposed during settlement over Oracle's hiring of former HP CEO Mark Hurd as its co-CEO, requiring the vendor to support Itanium on its software \"until such time as HP discontinues the sales of its... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Learning classifier system-Terminology-Up until the 2000s nearly all learning classifier system methods were developed with reinforcement learning problems in mind. As a result, the term \u2018learning classifier system\u2019 was commonly defined as the combination of \u2018trial-and-error\u2019 reinforcement learning... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comment (computer programming)-Uses-How best to make use of comments is subject to dispute; different commentators have offered varied and sometimes opposing viewpoints.\nThere are many different ways of writing comments and many commentators offer conflicting advice.\nPlanning and reviewing Comments can be used as a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hat-trick-Hat-trick-A hat-trick or hat trick is the achievement of a generally positive feat three times in a match, or another achievement based on the number three." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Aiken code-Aiken code-The Aiken code (also known as 2421 code) is a complementary binary-coded decimal (BCD) code. A group of four bits is assigned to the decimal digits from 0 to 9 according to the following table. The code was developed by Howard Hathaway Aiken and is still used today in digital clocks, pocket calcu... | large_corpus_distillation |
produces a bipolar pulse train that swings from negative to positive rather than from ground to positive. A\npositive level from the driver will turn on the upper N-channel device, allowing current flow to the load. In contrast, a negative\nlevel will turn on the lower P-channel device, allowing load current flow via V... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decision tree learning-General-The recursion is completed when the subset at a node has all the same values of the target variable, or when splitting no longer adds value to the predictions. This process of top-down induction of decision trees (TDIDT) is an example of a greedy algorithm, and it is by far the most comm... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Speech recognition-History-Practical speech recognition The 1980s also saw the introduction of the n-gram language model." | large_corpus_distillation |
The corresponding normalized eigenvectors are: \u03c8x+=12[11],\u03c8x\u2212=12[1\u22121],\u03c8y+=12[1i],\u03c8y\u2212=12[1\u2212i],\u03c8z+=[10],\u03c8z\u2212=[01]." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quantum capacity-Hashing bound for Pauli channels-Theorem (hashing bound). There exists a stabilizer quantum error-correcting code that achieves the hashing limit R=1\u2212H(p) for a Pauli channel of the following form:where p=(pI,pX,pY,pZ) and H(p) is the entropy of this probability vector." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quantum secret sharing-Protocol-After each participant measures their particle in the X- or Y-basis (chosen at random), they share (via a classical, public channel) which basis they used to make the measurement, but not the result itself. Upon combining their measurement results, Bob and Charlie can deduce what Alice ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Oblivious data structure-Oblivious data structures-Oblivious RAM Goldreich and Ostrovsky proposed this term on software protection." | large_corpus_distillation |
solve the inequality involving absolute value. Write your final answer in interval notation.\n15. 16. 17.\n18. 19. 20.\n21. 22. 23.\nFor the following exercises, describe all thex-values within or including a distance of the given values.\n24. Distance of 5 units from 25. Distance of 3 units from 26. Distance of 10 uni... | large_corpus_distillation |
"HTML element-Document body elements-To illustrate: the header of a table of contents section on example.com's homepage could be turned into a target by writing: <h2><a name=\"contents\">Table of contents</a></h2>.\nContinuing with this example, now that the section has been marked up as a target, it can be referred to... | large_corpus_distillation |
variance For example, suppose an estimator of the form T2=c\u2211i=1n(Xi\u2212X\u00af)2=cnS2 is sought for the population variance as above, but this time to minimise the MSE: MSE Var \u2061(T2) If the variables X1 ... Xn follow a normal distribution, then nS2/\u03c32 has a chi-squared distribution with n \u2212 1 degr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Defensive computing-Network security-Defensive users can scan files they download prior to opening them and can also configure their computers to show file extensions, revealing potentially dangerous files that appear harmless.\nSkepticism can also be applied to the websites visited by users. As with emails, users can... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Balanced hypergraph-Properties-Some theorems on bipartite graphs have been generalized to balanced hypergraphs.:\u200a468\u2013470\u200a In every balanced hypergraph, the minimum vertex-cover has the same size as its maximum matching. This generalizes the K\u0151nig-Egervary theorem on bipartite graphs.\nIn every bala... | large_corpus_distillation |
proportional to e\u03b5q(d,r)\u00d7\u03bc(r) , where d\u2208Dn,r\u2208R .This definition implies the fact that the probability of returning an r increases exponentially with the increase in the value of q(d,r) . Ignoring the base measure \u03bc then the value r which maximizes q(d,r) has the highest probability.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Martingale (betting system)-Mathematical analysis of a single round-In a unique circumstance, this strategy can make sense. Suppose the gambler possesses exactly 63 units but desperately needs a total of 64. Assuming q > 1/2 (it is a real casino) and he may only place bets at even odds, his best strategy is bold play:... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Johnson graph-Open Problems-The vertex-expansion properties of Johnson graphs, as well as the structure of the corresponding extremal sets of vertices of a given size, are not fully understood. However, an asymptotically tight lower-bound on expansion of large sets of vertices was recently obtained.In general, determi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prim's algorithm-Proof of correctness-Let tree Y2 be the graph obtained by removing edge f from and adding edge e to tree Y1. It is easy to show that tree Y2 is connected, has the same number of edges as tree Y1, and the total weights of its edges is not larger than that of tree Y1, therefore it is also a minimum span... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Euclidean algorithm-Mathematical applications-For example, 3/4 can be found by starting at the root, going to the left once, then to the right twice: gcd gcd gcd gcd (1,1).\nThe Euclidean algorithm has almost the same relationship to another binary tree on the rational numbers called the Calkin\u2013Wilf tree. The dif... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hilbert symbol-The general Hilbert symbol-Power residue symbol If K is a number field containing the nth roots of unity, p is a prime ideal not dividing n, \u03c0 is a prime element of the local field of p, and a is coprime to p, then the power residue symbol (ap) is related to the Hilbert symbol by (ap)=(\u03c0,a)p T... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vulnerability (computing)-Vulnerability (computing)-Vulnerabilities are flaws in a computer system that weaken the overall security of the device/system. Vulnerabilities can be weaknesses in either the hardware itself, or the software that runs on the hardware. Vulnerabilities can be exploited by a threat actor, such ... | large_corpus_distillation |
appeal of lotteries: to someone buying a ticket, the well-publicised, jubilant winners are more available than the millions of people who have won nothing.When people judge whether more English words begin with T or with K , the availability heuristic gives a quick way to answer the question. Words that begin with T co... | large_corpus_distillation |
that we are betting on a sequence of Bernoulli trials with success parameter . We can bet any amount of money\non a trial at even stakes: if the trial results in success, we receive that amount, and if the trial results in failure, we must pay that\namount. We will use the following strategy, known as a martingale stra... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Types of artificial neural networks-Recurrent neural network-Boltzmann machine The Boltzmann machine can be thought of as a noisy Hopfield network. It is one of the first neural networks to demonstrate learning of latent variables (hidden units). Boltzmann machine learning was at first slow to simulate, but the contra... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Set packing-Related problems-In the exact cover problem, every element of U should be contained in exactly one of the subsets. Finding such an exact cover is an NP-complete problem, even in the special case in which the size of all sets is 3 (this special case is called exact 3 cover or X3C). However, if we create a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"POSIX terminal interface-What the standard defines-Each process also is a member of a process group. Each terminal device records a process group that is termed its foreground process group. The process groups control terminal access and signal delivery. Signals generated at the terminal are sent to all processes that... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Longest common subsequence problem-Code optimization-In the best-case scenario, a sequence with no changes, this optimization would eliminate the need for the C matrix. In the worst-case scenario, a change to the very first and last items in the sequence, only two additional comparisons are performed." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ascii85-Overview-The basic need for a binary-to-text encoding comes from a need to communicate arbitrary binary data over preexisting communications protocols that were designed to carry only English language human-readable text. Those communication protocols may only be 7-bit safe (and within that avoid certain ASCII... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u03bb equal to 0. That eigenvalue has a right eigenvector e=(1,1,...,1)T which is unique within a scale factor. It has a\nleft eigenvector p=(p 1 ,...,p M ) that is positive, sums to 1, satisfies (6.2.17), and is unique within a scale factor. All the other\neigenvalues of [Q] have strictly negative real parts.\n6.3.2 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
as X h, while if h<0, the numerator has the same\ndistribution as \u2212X \u2212h, which in turn has the same distribution as X \u2212h. So, in both cases, the difference quotient has the same distribution as\nX |h| /h, and this variable has the normal distribution with mean 0 and variance |h|/h2=1/|h|. So the variance... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elastic net regularization-Reduction to support vector machine-In late 2014, it was proven that the elastic net can be reduced to the linear support vector machine. A similar reduction was previously proven for the LASSO in 2014. The authors showed that for every instance of the elastic net, an artificial binary cla... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reduction (complexity)-Types and applications of reductions-However, in order to be useful, reductions must be easy. For example, it's quite possible to reduce a difficult-to-solve NP-complete problem like the boolean satisfiability problem to a trivial problem, like determining if a number equals zero, by having the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exponential family-Definition-Examples of common distributions that are not exponential families are Student's t, most mixture distributions, and even the family of uniform distributions when the bounds are not fixed. See the section below on examples for more discussion.\nScalar parameter A single-parameter exponenti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Assembly language-Key concepts-Multi-pass assemblers create a table with all symbols and their values in the first passes, then use the table in later passes to generate code.In both cases, the assembler must be able to determine the size of each instruction on the initial passes in order to calculate the addresses of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"List comprehension-Similar constructs-LEESA provides >> for XPath's / separator. XPath's // separator that \"skips\" intermediate nodes in the tree is implemented in LEESA using what's known as Strategic Programming. In the example below, catalog_, book_, author_, and name_ are instances of catalog, book, author, and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
8\u00af , say \u22122, and observing that their product (25)(\u22122) = \u221250 is in the congruence class 0\u00af . Thus, 10 8\u00af=0\u00af . Addition is defined in a similar way. The ten congruence classes together with these operations of addition and multiplication of congruence classes form the ring of integer... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P6 (microarchitecture)-P6 Variant Pentium M-Design Overview Quad-pumped front-side bus. With the initial Banias core, Intel adopted the 400 MT/s FSB first used in Pentium 4. The Dothan core moved to the 533 MT/s FSB, following Pentium 4's evolution.\nLarger L1/L2 cache. L1 cache increased from predecessor's 32 KB to c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Composition ring-Examples-However, as for formal power series, the composition cannot always be defined when the right operand g is a constant: in the formula given the denominator f2\u2218g should not be identically zero. One must therefore restrict to a subring of R(X) to have a well-defined composition operation; ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gaps-Rules-Any gap on the left hand side of the row should be placed by a deuce and the row should be built up by suit beside the deuce (i. e. 2-3-4-5, etc.). It is the discretion of the player on which suit would occupy which row." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pseudorandom number generator-Mathematical definition-A\u2286R \u2013 a non-empty set (not necessarily a Borel set). Often A is a set between P 's support and its interior; for instance, if P is the uniform distribution on the interval (0,1] , A might be (0,1] . If A is not specified, it is assumed to be some s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interpolation space-Discrete definitions-Since the function t \u2192 K(x, t) varies regularly (it is increasing, but 1/tK(x, t) is decreasing), the definition of the K\u03b8,q-norm of a vector n, previously given by an integral, is equivalent to a definition given by a series. This series is obtained by breaking (0, \... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Music-specific disorders-Musical disorders-Symptoms and causes In a literature review by Evers and Ellger (2004), manifestations of MH can also be attributed to: a) psychiatric disorder, b) brain lesion, c) epilepsy and d) intoxication. Of great interest to researchers are individuals who experience MH with focal lesi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lasso (statistics)-Lasso (statistics)-Lasso was originally formulated for linear regression models. This simple case reveals a substantial amount about the estimator. These include its relationship to ridge regression and best subset selection and the connections between lasso coefficient estimates and so-called soft ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Health effects of salt-Long-term effects-High blood pressure: Evidence shows an association between salt intakes and blood pressure among different populations and age ranges in adults. Reduced salt intake also results in a small but statistically significant reduction in blood pressure." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptanalysis of the Enigma-Polish breakthroughs-The only remaining secret of the daily key would be the ring settings, and the Poles would attack that problem with brute force. Most messages would start with the three letters \"ANX\" (an is German for \"to\" and the \"X\" character was used as a space). It may take a... | large_corpus_distillation |
the data points are reconstructed from K nearest neighbors, as measured by Euclidean distance. For such an implementation the algorithm has only one free parameter K, which can be chosen by cross validation." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Community search-Metrics for community search-Community search often uses some well-defined, fundamental graph metrics to formulate the cohesiveness of communities. The commonly used metrics are k-core (minimum degree), k-truss, k-edge-connected, etc. Among these measures, the k-core metric is the most popular one, an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Email-Issues-Spam Email \"spam\" is unsolicited bulk email. The low cost of sending such email meant that, by 2003, up to 30% of total email traffic was spam, and was threatening the usefulness of email as a practical tool. The US CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 and similar laws elsewhere had some impact, and a number of effecti... | large_corpus_distillation |
the sets {1,2} and {3,4} is a strict subset of the other. A relation is connex if and only if its complement is asymmetric." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Codensity monad-Definition-Thus, as is noted by Avery, codensity monads share some kinship with the concept of integration and double dualization." | large_corpus_distillation |
three-digit code, thereby logging the user's land number at that location. This process had to be repeated at each tower which, as noted, usually had a range of 40\u201360 miles. Some areas only had half-duplex (one-way) communications and required the push-to-talk switch in the handset, between the mouthpiece and the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm-Complexity-Time Complexity: The Tarjan procedure is called once for each node; the forall statement considers each edge at most once. The algorithm's running time is therefore linear in the number of edges and nodes in G, i.e. O(|V|+|E|) In order to achieve this comple... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jenks natural breaks optimization-Description of method-Finally the sum of squared deviations from the mean of the complete data set(SDAM), and the goodness of variance fit (GVF) may be calculated. GVF is defined as (SDAM - SDCM) / SDAM. GVF ranges from 0 (worst fit) to 1 (perfect fit)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Japanese adjectives-Inflection-The two irrealis stems, \u301c\u304b\u308d (karo) and \u301c\u304b\u3089 (kara), are used for different purposes. The \u301c\u304b\u308d (karo) stem is used to create the volitional inflection by appending the volitional auxiliary \u301c\u3046 (u), e.g. \u6691\u304b\u308d\u3046 (atsukar\... | large_corpus_distillation |
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